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  • 1 πολυμερῶς

    πολυμερῶς (μέρος) adv. (Diod S 5, 37, 2; Plut., Mor. 537d; several times in Vett. Val. [index III]; Jos., Ant. 12, 54) of πολυμερής, ές (Aristot.; Plut., Mor. 427b; 757d; PGM 13, 304; Wsd 7:22; Ar. 13, 5 body consists of ‘of many parts’; Tat. 15, 1 the soul is composite; s. also Porph., Sent. 34) of prophetic writing, in various parts w. πολυτρόπως=‘in various ways’ (the two words together also Maximus Tyr. 1, 2b; 11, 7a) Hb 1:1 (on the alliteration cp. the beginning of Philo, περὶ μετανοίας; for extreme fondness of π sounds s. e.g. Gorgias 11, 11). Many render in many ways (L-S-J-M cite Plut., Mor. 537d in support, but this pass. refers to the numerous aspects of Thersites’ deformed body, whose various parts are described in Il. 2, 217–19) so NRSV: ‘in many and various ways’. If ‘many ways’ in such rendering refers to a variety of Scripture passages, the translators have the support of the Vulgate: multifariam. But to avoid a suggestion of banality, it is best to render along the line suggested above. Also, the rhetorical structure of Hb requires some preparation in the prol. for the numerous reff. to the OT.—DELG s.v. μείρομαι II. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πολυμερῶς

  • 2 διακονέω

    διακονέω (s. two next entries) impf. διηκόνουν; fut. διακονήσω; 1 aor. διηκόνησα; pf. inf. δεδιηκονηκέναι (AssMos Fgm. k, Denis p. 67); aor. pass. διηκονήθην, for augm. s. B-D-F §69, 4; W-S. §12, 6; Mlt-H. 192 (Soph., Hdt. et al.; rare in ins, pap; never in LXX, but in Philo, Joseph.) gener. to render service in a variety of ways either at someone’s behest or voluntarily and freq. with suggestion of movement.
    ① to function as an intermediary, act as go-between/agent, be at one’s service w. intermediary function either expressed or implied (lead tablet Sb 4947, 2 διακόνησόν μοι; in lover’s petition ‘serve as intermediary [medium] for me’ PWarr 21, 4; 8; Lucian, Cont. 1 of Hermes as messenger for Zeus; Theophr. Char. 2, 9 fetch things; Just., D. 79, 2; cp. the role of Repentance JosAs 15:7) w. dat. of pers. and acc. of thing οὐχ ἑαυτοῖς ὑμῖν δὲ διηκόνουν αὐτά they were not acting as agents in their own behalf but for yours in the things 1 Pt 1:12 (for a service consisting in the delivery of a message cp. Jos., Ant. 6, 298). For a similar contrast, and with suggestion of an intermediary’s mission: οὐκ ἦλθεν διακονηθῆναι ἀλλὰ διακονῆσαι came not to be served, but to serve Mt 20:28; Mk 10:45 (i.e. the Human One [Son of Man] came to carry out an assignment not to benefit himself but others [by giving his life in ransom]; cp. Mt 4:11; par. Mk 1:13 [service rendered by divine messengers]). Of Jesus carrying out his mission [ἀ]νῆλθε[ν δια]κονῶν AcPl BMM verso 13f.— Phlm 13 suggests that Onesimus can be used by Paul on assignment in behalf of the gospel. πορεύομαι … διακονῶν τοῖς ἁγίοις on an errand to God’s people (REB) Ro 15:25 (s. 3).—Of delivery of an object: χάρις διακονουμένη ὑφʼ ἡμῶν gift that we are transmitting (a ref. to the collection for whose delivery they have accepted responsibility) 2 Cor 8:19; cp. vs. 20. In imagery, ἐπιστολὴ Χριστοῦ διακονηθεῖσα ὑφʼ ἡμῶν a letter of Christ, delivered by us 2 Cor 3:3 (WBaird, Letters of Recommendation: JBL 80, ’61, 190).
    ② to perform obligations, without focus on intermediary function
    ⓐ of unspecified services perform duties, render assistance, serve τινί someone (Demosth. 9, 43; UPZ 18, 23 [163 B.C.]; δαίμοσι δ. Orig., C. Cels. 2, 51, 38) Mt 8:15; Mk 1:31; Lk 4:39; GJs 6:3; διακονοῦσαι αὐτῷ being at his service Mt 27:55; cp. Mk 15:41. διακόνει μοι serve me Hs 8, 4, 1, cp. 2; J 12:26; Ac 19:22. Also εἰς ἑαυτοὺς αὐτὸ δ. serve one another w. it 1 Pt 4:10. W. acc. of thing ὅσα διηκόνησεν what services he rendered 2 Ti 1:18; cp. Hs 2:10. Abs. (POxy 275, 10 [I A.D.]) 1 Pt 4:11. Pass. (Jos., Ant. 10, 242); ἁπλῶς δ. complete a service in simplicity of heart Hm 2:6.
    ⓑ of attention at meals wait on someone (τινί) at table (Menand., Fgm. 272; Pyrgion [Hellenistic times]: 467 Fgm. 1 Jac. [a communal meal in Crete]; Diod S 4, 36, 2; 5, 28, 4; Philo, Vi. Cont. 70; TestJob 12:1 al.; Jos., Ant. 11, 163; 166) Lk 12:37; 17:8. Abs. 10:40; J 12:2; GJs 6:3. In imagery ὡς ὁ διακονῶν waiter Lk 22:26f.
    ③ to meet an immediate need, help w. dat. (Iren. 1, pr. 3 [Harv. I 7, 1]) πότε οὐ διηκονήσαμέν σοι; when did we not help you? Mt 25:44 (but s. 4, Collins). ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων helped to support them w. their means Lk 8:3 (KTorjesen, When Women Were Priests ’93, 53ff); the saints Ro 15:25 (JO’Rourke, CBQ 29, ’67, 116–18; but s. 1); Hb 6:10.
    ④ to carry out official duties, minister, in cultic context (of holy service at the altar Jos., Ant. 3, 155; cp. PGM 36, 304 and 335 παρὰ θεοῖς δ.) of διάκονοι 1 Ti 3:10; καλῶς δ. vs. 13. ἀγνῶς καὶ σεμνῶς Hv 3, 5, 1. Opp. κακῶς Hs 9, 26, 2. Collins (s. below) p. 65 argues for placement of Mt 25:44 in this classification: those consigned to perdition plead their total dedication to the Lord’s interests.
    ⑤ Ac 6:2 poses a special problem: care for, take care of w. dat. of thing τραπέζαις look after tables can be understood of serving food at tables (cp. βούλομαι … διακονῆσαι τοῖς πτωχοῖς σήμερον ἐν τῇ σῇ τραπέζῃ TestJob 12:1), but it is improbable that some widows would be deprived of food at a communal meal. The term διακονία vs. 1 more probably refers to administrative responsibility (s. διακονία 5), one of whose aspects is concern for widows without specifying the kind of assistance that is allotted. Vs. 2 may contain wordplay involving the phrase τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ, w. λόγος designating a ledger entry, in which case τράπεζα, which is also a banker’s term (s. L-S-J-M s.v. II), may here denote accounts (s. τράπεζα 1c).—WBrandt, Dienst u. Dienen im NT ’31; ESchweizer, D. Leben des Herrn in d. Gemeinde u. ihren Diensten ’46; PBoulton, Διακονέω and Its Cognates in the 4 Gospels: TU 73, ’59, 415–22. JCollins, Diakonia ’90.—DELG s.v. διάκονος. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > διακονέω

  • 3 ὑπέχω

    ὑπέχω, [tense] fut.
    A

    ὑφέξω S.OT 552

    , etc.: [tense] aor. ὑπέσχον, poet. also ὑπέσχεθον, [dialect] Aeol. inf.

    ὐποσκέθην IG12(2).526

     A40 (Eresus, iv B. C.):—hold under,
    a put a mare under or to a horse,

    ὑποσχὼν θήλεας ἵππους Il.5.269

    .
    b of holding out the hand to receive something,

    ὑπέσχεθε χεῖρα 7.188

    ; προτείνειν καὶ ὑ. [τὴν χεῖρα], to receive bribes, D.19.255;

    ὑ. χρυσίῳ τὴν χεῖρα Men.309

    : prov. of a greedy person,

    ὑ. τὴν χεῖρα ἀποθνήσκων Diogenian.3.12

    .
    c ῥημάτων ὑ. οὖας lend an attentive ear, Simon.37.14;

    σὺ δὲ μείλιχον οὖας ὑπόσχες Procl.H.7.52

    ;

    ὑ. τὰ ὦτά τινι Aristid.2.230

     J., etc.
    d hold a cup under another vessel, while something is poured into it, Hdt.2.151, Ar.Ach. 1063, Pax 431, cf. 909: also intr., ὑ. κρουνοῖς stand under shower baths, Antyll. ap. Orib.10.3.10.
    e put under, like wax under a seal,

    τι ταῖς αἰσθήσεσι Pl.Tht. 191d

    .
    f ὑ. μαστόν, of mother or nurse giving suck, E. Ion 1372;

    νηπίοις θηλὴν ὑ. Plu.Rom.21

    .
    2 supply, afford, furnish,

    νεφέλην A.Fr.199.7

     ( ὑπερς χών Casaubon);

    πλοῦτος ὑ. μέριμναν Pi.O.2.54

    ;

    πάντα Ar.Lys. 841

    ; ὑ. τὸ αὐτὸ τοῖς ἐναντίοις (sc. fear) Th.7.21; ὑ. ἑαυτόν submit oneself to another, so as to be at his disposal or follow his advice, X.Cyr.7.5.44, v.l. in Pl.R. 399b: also c. inf., ὑπόσχες Σωκράτει ἐξελέγξαι allow Socrates to examine you, Id.Grg. 497b.
    II uphold, support,

    τοὺς ὤμους Hdt.4.72

    .
    2 undergo, suffer,

    τήνδ' ἄτην S.Tr. 1274

     (anap.);

    ζημίαν E. Ion 1308

    ;

    κακόν Ar.Th. 196

    ; τιμωρίαν τινός for a thing, Th.6.81, Aeschin.3.221, Lycurg.91, cf. Pl.Lg. 716b;

    πυρὸς αἰωνίου δίκην Ep.Jud.7

    ;

    κόλασιν Plu.2.198d

    , etc.; also τούτων τὰς αἰτίας to be subject to accusation for.., Antipho 5.67;

    τούτων.. οὐκ ἂν δικαίως τὴν αἰτίαν ὑπέχοιμι Pl.Ap. 33b

    ;

    ψόγον ἀμουσίας ὑ. Id.R. 403c

    .
    3 in law-phrases, ὑ. δίκας [τινός] to have to give an account of a thing, or suffer a penalty, Hdt.2.118;

    δίκην ὑπόσχες αἵματος.. Εὐμενίσι E.Or. 1649

    ;

    ὑ. φόνου δίκας Pl.Lg. 872c

     (poet. also φόνον μητρὸς ὑφέξω in the same sense, E.El. 1318 (anap.));

    δίκην ὑ. τῶν πεπραγμένων D.19.95

    ;

    ὑφέξειν τὴν δίκην S.OT 552

    ;

    ὑφέξω τοῖς κακίοσιν δίκην E.Hec. 1253

    ;

    ὑ. τῇ πόλει δίκην Pl.Phd. 99a

    ; τοιάνδε δίκην ὑφέξειν undergo such a trial, Th.3.53, cf. IG12(2) l.c.; τοῖς χρήμασι τὰς σίκας ὑ. to have to pay the penalty with one's property, Isoc.20.17; ὑ. δίκας, ἐὰν .. D.23.77;

    ὑ. κρίσιν περὶ ὧν ἄν τις ἐγκαλῇ Id.21.125

    :— ὑ. καὶ λαμβάνειν τὸ δίκαιον ἐπὶ τῶν χρηματιστῶν, i.e. to have the right of suing or being sued, PTeb.5.213, al. (ii B. C.);

    λαμβάνω ἐγὼ καὶ ὑπέχω τὸ δίκαιον ὑπὲρ τοῦ Πολυκλείτου PEnteux.8.6

     (iii B.C.); ἐπαναγκάσαι αὐτὸν τὸ δίκαιον ἡμῖν ὑποσχεῖν ib.59.11 (iii B. C.).
    b ἐμοὶ λόγον ὑποσχέτω let him render account to me, Pl.Prt. 338d;

    οὐδενὶ θέλων ὑπέχειν λόγον X.Mem.4.4.9

    ;

    ὑ. τῇ πόλει περὶ τοῦ βίου λόγον And.4.37

    ; ὑ. εὐθύνας [ἀρχῆς] Lys.. 24.26, cf. 9.11, 30.3.
    4 sustain, maintain, λόγον an argument, Arist.Rh. 1354a5, Metaph. 1011a22, al.;

    ὑπόθεσιν Id.Top. 158a31

    ; θέσιν καὶ ὁρισμόν ib. 160b14. (For the [voice] Med., v. ὑπισχνέομαι.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπέχω

  • 4 ὑπηρετέω

    ὑπηρετ-έω, [tense] fut.
    A

    - ήσω Alex.

     (v. infr.), etc.: [tense] plpf.

    ὑπηρετήκειν X.HG3.3.9

    :—prop. do service on board ship, as a rower (cf. ὑπηρέτης, ὑπηρεσία), SIG524.33,47 (Praesus, iii B. C.):—[voice] Pass.,

    πλοῖον ὑπὸ δύο ἀνθρώπων ὑπηρετεῖσθαι δυνάμενον D.S.2.55

    .
    II to be a servant, do service, S.El. 996, Ph. 990; opp. ἄρχω, Ar.V. 518 (troch.);

    τοὺς διὰ φόβον ὑ. X.Hier.1.38

    .
    2 c. dat., minister to, serve,

    τῷ παρόντι δαίμονι S.El. 1306

    , cf. E.Ph. 1708, Th.4.108, etc.; ὑ. τῷ χρηστηρίῳ submit to its ruling, Hdt.8.41, cf. Pl.Lg. 914a;

    ἔργοις ἀνοσίοις ὑ. S.OC 283

    ; [νόμῳ, λόγῳ], Lys.2.19; ὑ. τοῖς τρόποις humour his ways, Ar.Ra. 1432; τῷδ' ὑ. λόγῳ second, support it, E.Med. 588;

    ὢν ἄνθρωπος ἀνθρώπου τύχαις ὑπηρετήσω Alex.150

    .
    3 ὑ. τινὶ εἴς or πρός τι, Hdt.1.109, X.Eq.8.7, etc.; also ὑ. τινί τι serve one in a thing,

    οἷς σὺ ταῦθ' ὑπηρετεῖς S.Ph. 1024

    , cf. Ar.Pl. 979, Pl.Smp. 196c, X.Cyr.5.1.20, D.18.138,59.35.
    b in financial sense,

    τὸν δὲ ταμίαν εἰς τὸ ἀνάλωμα ὑπηρετῆσαι Supp.Epigr. 1.351.30

     (Samos, iv B. C.), cf. 363.43 (ibid., iii B. C.), Inscr.Prien.3 (iv B. C.), 18 (iii B. C.), al.
    c at Athens, serve as ὑπηρέτης of the Council, D.19.70.
    d in the Mithraic cult, to be a ὑπηρέτης or servitor, Rev.Hist.Rel.109.63 ([place name] Rome).
    e render military service, BGU180.14,613.23 (both ii A. D.).
    4 abs., serve, be subordinate, opp. προστάττω, Arist.Top. 129a13;

    ἡ ὑπηρετοῦσα ἐπιστήμη Id.Metaph. 982b5

    : c. neut. pl. of Adj., etc., τὰ λοίφ' ὑ. help in what remains to be done, S.Ph.15;

    ὑ. τὰ περὶ τὸν πόλεμον Pl.R. 467a

    ; and with cogn. acc.,

    ὑ. τὰς διακονικὰς πράξεις Arist.Pol. 1277a36

    :—[voice] Pass., to be done as service,

    τὰ ἀπ' ἡμέων ἐς ὑμέας ὑπηρετέεται Hdt.4.139

    ; χρὴ σὴ τό γε ἐμὸν ὑπηρετέεσθαι that my service should be rendered, Id.1.108;

    ἢν τὰ παρ' ὑμῶν ὑπηρετῆται Isoc.3.63

    ;

    τὸ πρᾶγμα τὸ ὑπηρετηθέν Arist.EE 1243a16

    , cf. X.HG5.2.34.—The [voice] Med. occurs in late texts, as Hld.7.19, al., and Alciphr.1.11, dub. in Supp.Epigr.1.327.19 (Callatis, i A. D.); τὸ -ούμενον the retinue, Memn.2.4; [tense] fut.

    - ήσομαι POxy.58.24

     (iii A. D.); but in S.El. 1306, ὑπηρετοίην was rightly restored by Musgrave and Elmsl. for -οίμην.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπηρετέω

  • 5 βρῶσις

    βρῶσις, εως, ἡ (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 22 [Stone p. 82]; EpArist 129; Philo; Joseph.; Just., D. 57, 3; Mel., P. 47, 337).
    ① the act of partaking of food, eating (w. πόσις [this combin. since Od. 1, 191; also Diod S 1, 45, 2; Plut., Mor. 114c; Da 1:10; Philo, Mos. 1, 184]) Ro 14:17; Col 2:16. W. obj. gen. (as Pla., Rep. 10, 619c; Jos., Ant. 1, 334; TestReub 2:7 βρῶσις βρωμάτων) β. τῶν εἰδωλοθύτων eating of meat sacrificed to idols 1 Cor 8:4; ἄρτος εἰς β. (as Is 55:10) bread to eat 2 Cor 9:10; ὡς περὶ β. as if they referred to eating B 10:9; ἔχετε τελείως περὶ τῆς β. you are fully instructed on eating, i.e. on dietary laws 10:10 (cp. ὁ περὶ βρώσεων καὶ πόσεων … νόμος Orig., C. Cels. 2, 2, 17); εἰς β. to eat PtK 2 p. 14, 17.
    ② the process of causing deterioration by consuming, consuming w. σής Mt 6:19f, where β. is used as a general term for consuming, which could be done by a variety of insects (in Mal 3:11 LXX A, e.g., β. is used to render אוכֵל =‘grasshopper’; מַאֲכוֹלֶת= wood worm has been suggested [HGressmann, Hdb. ad loc.]). Cp. EpJer 10, where a few mss. have βρῶσις instead of βρώματα w. ἰός. This combin. argues against the identification of βρῶσις w. ἰός in Mt, and it is not likely that a hendiadys is present. The interpretation corrosion, rust finds no support outside this passage. In the medical passages that have been adduced (cp. Galen 6, 422 [pl.]; 12, 879 ed. Kühn 1823) β.=‘decay’ of teeth. The balanced structure of the passage implies garments as victims of ‘moth and eating’, and other possessions as plunder of thieves.
    ③ that which one eats, food (Soph. Fgm. 182, 2 TGF; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 7 p. 307, 27; PLond III, 1223, 9 p. 139 [121 A.D.] χόρτον εἰς βρῶσιν προβάτων; PLips 118, 15; POxy 1686, 10; Gen 25:28; Jer 41:20; 2 Km 19:43 v.l. βρῶσιν ἐφάγαμεν; Philo, Op. M. 38).
    ⓐ lit. of a meal Hb 12:16; D 6:3; Dg 4:1; GJs 1:4 v.l. for βρωτόν and βρώματα.
    ⓑ fig. J 4:32; 6:27, 55.—DELG s.v. βιβρώσκω. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > βρῶσις

  • 6 ἀναίδεια

    ἀναίδεια, ας, ἡ also-εία,-ία (αἰδώς ‘respect, self-respect’; Hom. et al.; PCairZen 534, 21 [III B.C.]; Sir 25:22; Jos., Bell. 1, 224, Ant. 17, 119; SibOr 4, 36; on the spelling s. Kühner-Bl. II 276, 1; B-D-F §23) lack of sensitivity to what is proper, carelessness about the good opinion of others, shamelessness, impertinence, impudence, ignoring of convention (a fundamental cultural consideration in the Gr-Rom. world, here with focus on tradition of hospitality) Lk 11:8, either of the one who is doing the calling out (simply εἴπον vs. 5) to his friend within, in which case the ‘shamelessness’ consists in disturbing the peace at an inappropriate hour shameless disturbance (ἀ. itself does not mean ‘persistence’, of which the text make no explicit mention; but many translations draw semantic support from the explanation—cp. vs. 6, where ‘knocking’ is introduced—and render ‘persistence’) or of the sleepy neighbor, who does not wish to lose face by shameless disregard of conventions concerning hospitality (s. NLevison, Exp. 9th ser. 3, 1925, 456–60 and AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 13, ’34, 40–43; AJohnson, JETS 22, ’79, 123–31; DCatchpole, JTS 34, ’83, 407–24 [lit.]). On shame culture in Lk s. DDaube, in: Paul and Paulinism (Festschr. CKBarrett), ed. MHooker, SWilson ’82, 355–72. In gener. s. entire issue of Semeia 68, ’96 (‘Honor and Shame in the World of the Bible’).—M-M. TW. Spicq.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀναίδεια

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