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81 Verkaufsprojekt
Verkaufsprojekt
sales proposition;
• Verkaufsproportion sales proportion;
• Verkaufsprospekt sales brochure (literature), selling prospect;
• Verkaufsprovision seller’s (selling) commission, selling brokerage, commission paid on sales, (Kapitalanlagegesellschaft) underwriting provision;
• Verkaufspsychologie sales psychology;
• Verkaufspunkte selling points;
• Verkaufsquittung sales check (US);
• Verkaufsquote sales quota, sales proportion;
• Verkaufsrabatt sales discount (allowance), rebate (rebatement) on sales;
• Verkaufsraum saleroom (Br.), warehouse room, wareroom, (Produktenbörse) commercial sale room;
• Verkaufsrechnung sale invoice, (Einzelhandel) bill, account, sales ticket (US), (Großhandel) invoice, (Kommissionsgeschäft) sales account, account sales (US);
• fingierte Verkaufsrechnung pro forma account sales;
• Verkaufsregal shelf;
• Verkaufsregulierung sales control;
• Verkaufsreinerlös net sales proceeds;
• Verkaufsreklame sales promotion (publicity), consumer advertising, (im Laden) point of purchase advertising;
• Verkaufsrekord sales record;
• Verkaufsresultat sales results;
• Verkaufsrichtlinien principles of selling;
• Verkaufsrichtung destination of goods sold;
• Verkaufsrisiko merchandising risk;
• Verkaufsroute tally walk;
• Verkaufsrückgang fall (letdown, decline) in sales, sales drop;
• Verkaufssaison selling (marketing) season;
• Verkaufsschätzung sales estimate;
• Verkaufsschein sale sheet, sales warrant;
• Verkaufsschlager big (hot) seller, article of quick sale, draw-card, hit (US), quick-selling line, (Buch) best seller, knockout (sl.);
• kein großer Verkaufsschlager sein not to be a big runner;
• Verkaufsschulung sales test (training);
• Verkaufsschwankungen sales fluctuations;
• Verkaufssignal sell signal;
• Verkaufssituation sell condition;
• Verkaufssoll-Quotenmethode (Werbeetat) unit-of-sales method;
• Verkaufssollsumme sales target;
• Verkaufsspanne margin on sales;
• Verkaufsspesen selling expenses, (Kapitalanlagegesellschaft) sales load, redemption cost;
• Verkaufsspezialist marketing specialist;
• Verkaufsspielraum (Börse) trading range;
• Verkaufsstab selling staff, sales force (people, US, personnel);
• Verkaufsstab mit den neuesten Informationen versehen to update the sales forces;
• Verkaufsstand stall, stand, sales booth, bulk, (Zeitungen) news-stand;
• Verkaufsstand aufschlagen to pitch a sales booth;
• Verkaufsständer rack, counter display container, (Selbstbedienungsladen) gondola;
• werbemäßiger Verkaufsstandpunkt advertising sales angle (aproach). -
82 vario
adj.varied, variegated.* * *► adjetivo1 (diverso) different, diverse2 (variado) varied, assorted3 (mudable) changeable, variable1 (algunos) some, several, a number of* * *(f. - varia)adj.- varios- varias* * *1. ADJ1) (=variado) varied; [color] variegated, motley2) (=cambiable) varying, changeable; [persona] fickle3) pl varios (=muchos) several, a number ofhay varias posibilidades — there are several o a number of o various possibilities
2.pl variosPRON (=unos) somevarios piensan que... — some (people) think that...
* * *- ria adjetivo1)varios/varias — ( más de dos) several
sucedió varias veces/hace varios años — it happened several times/several years ago
2) (variado, diverso) variousasuntos varios — various matters; ( en el orden del día) (any) other business
* * *----* a varios niveles = multilevel [multi-level].* con varias estaciones de trabajo = multi-workstation.* con varios lectores de cintas = multi-drive.* descriptor compuesto de varias palabras = multiple-word descriptor.* de varios billones de dólares = multibillion dollar.* en varias ocasiones = on several occasions.* en varios alfabetos = multiscript [multi-script].* en varios formatos = multiform.* * *- ria adjetivo1)varios/varias — ( más de dos) several
sucedió varias veces/hace varios años — it happened several times/several years ago
2) (variado, diverso) variousasuntos varios — various matters; ( en el orden del día) (any) other business
* * ** a varios niveles = multilevel [multi-level].* con varias estaciones de trabajo = multi-workstation.* con varios lectores de cintas = multi-drive.* descriptor compuesto de varias palabras = multiple-word descriptor.* de varios billones de dólares = multibillion dollar.* en varias ocasiones = on several occasions.* en varios alfabetos = multiscript [multi-script].* en varios formatos = multiform.* * *Avarios/varias (más de dos) severalsucedió varias veces/hace varios años it happened several times/several years agouna o varias circunstancias atenuantes one or more mitigating circumstanceslas ventajas de este método son varias this method has several o various advantagesB (variado, diverso) variousproblemas de naturaleza varia problems of various kindsgastos varios miscellaneous expensesasuntos varios various matters; (en el orden del día) (any) other business* * *
Del verbo variar: ( conjugate variar)
varío es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
varió es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
variar
vario
variar ( conjugate variar) verbo intransitivo [precio/temperatura] to vary;◊ las temperaturas varían entre 20°C y 25°C temperatures range o vary between 20°C and 25°C;
para vario (iró) (just) for a change (iro)
verbo transitivo
1 ( hacer variado) ‹ menú› to vary;
‹ producción› to vary, diversify
2 ( cambiar) ‹decoración/rumbo› to change, alter
vario◊ - ria adjetivo
1◊ varios/varias ( más de dos) several;
hace varios años several years ago
2 (variado, diverso) various;
variar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to vary, change
para variar, just for a change
irón llegará tarde, para variar, he'll be late, as usual
podríamos ver una película, para variar, we could see a movie, just for a change
* * *1) : varied, diverse2) : variegated, motley3) : changeable4) varios, varias pl: various, several -
83 innovador
adj.1 innovative, ground-breaking, groundbreaking, revolutionizing.2 innovative, creative.3 trendsetting.m.innovator.* * *► adjetivo1 innovatory► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 innovator* * *innovador, -a1.ADJ innovative2.SM / F innovator* * *I- dora adjetivo innovativeII- dora masculino, femenino innovator* * *I- dora adjetivo innovativeII- dora masculino, femenino innovator* * *innovador11 = innovator, trend-setter [trendsetter].Ex: No further developments in binding technology took place until the 1850s, whereafter most of the innovators were American, not English.
Ex: Peers and adults who are admired, for whatever reasons, tend to be copied and followed, and a wise teacher will try to draw in to the book environment those adults and children who are opinion-makers and trend-setters.innovador22 = creative, enhanced, innovative, forward-looking, adventurous, ground-breaking [ground breaking], forward-thinking, innovatory.Ex: His definitive article, 'Backlog to Frontlog,' Library Journal (September 15, 1969), was indicative of his creative and simple, yet effective and economical solutions to traditional library problems.
Ex: Priority is awarded to projects with the following aims: oil and gas recovery, drilling, optimum use of natural gas, and maximising the yield by the use of enhanced recovery techniques.Ex: It is in this area that the computer can provide the greatest potential for a truly innovative advance in the maintenance of a catalog.Ex: The 26-volume Compton's Encyclopedia intends to be 'an innovative, forward-looking reference work for young people'.Ex: Many say the role of consumer advice centres as being simply mediators between the consumer and the retailer/manufacturer; only a few adventurous authorities encouraged the aggressive championing of consumer complaints.Ex: Trustees will have to consider the conditions of membership in online networks and, in some instances, may need to hammer out ground breaking agreements to govern operations.Ex: Forward-thinking organizations are increasingly recognizing the crucial role played by electronic information.Ex: Clwyd, noted for innovatory policies, has a Centre for Educational Technology with a theatre, cinema, arts centre, television studies, and a full range of audio-visual materials.* de un modo innovador = innovatively.* persona innovadora = innovator.* ser innovador = break + new ground, break + ground.* * *innovativemasculine, feminineinnovator* * *
innovador◊ - dora adjetivo
innovative
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
innovator
innovador,-ora adjetivo innovative
un método de adelgazamiento totalmente innovador, a totally innovative weight-loss method
' innovador' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
innovadora
- vanguardismo
English:
innovative
* * *innovador, -ora♦ adjinnovative, innovatory♦ nm,finnovator* * *I adj innovativeII m, innovadora f innovator* * *: innovative -
84 मार्गः _mārgḥ
मार्गः [मृज्-शुद्धौ, मार्ग्-अन्वेषणे घञ् वा]1 A way, road, path (fig. also); मार्गो दशकरः प्रोक्तो ग्रामेषु नगरेषु च Śukra. 1.261; अग्निशरणमार्गमादेशय Ś.5; so विचारमार्गप्रहितेन चेतसा Ku.5.42; R.2.72; U.3.37.-2 A course, passage, the tract passed over; वायोरिमं परिवहस्य वदन्ति मार्गम् Ś.7.6.-3 Reach, range; मार्गातीतायेन्द्रियाणां नमस्ते Ki.18. 4.-4 A scar, mark (left by a wound &c.); भोगिवेष्टन- मार्गेषु R.4.48; ते पुत्रयोर्नैर्ऋतशस्त्रमार्गानार्द्रानिवाङ्गे सदयं स्पृशन्त्यौ 14.4.-5 The path or course of a planet.-6 Search, inquiry, investigation.-7 A canal, channel, passage.-8 A means, way.-9 The right way or course, proper course; सुमार्ग, अमार्ग-1 Mode, manner, method, course; शान्ति˚ R.7.71.-11 Style, direction; इति वैदर्भ- मार्गस्य प्राणा दश गुणाः स्मृताः Kāv.1.42; वाचां विचित्रमार्गाणाम् 1.9.-12 Custom, usage, practice; कुल˚, शास्त्र˚, धर्म˚ &c.-13 Hunting or tracing out game.-14 A title or head in law, ground for litigation; अष्टादशसु मार्गेषु निबद्धानि पृथक् पृथक् Ms.8.3.-15 A high style of acting, dancing and singing; अगायतां मार्गविधानसंपदा Rām.1.4.36. (com. गानं द्विविधम् । मार्गो देशी चेति । तत्र प्राकृतावलम्बि गानं देशी । संस्कृतावलम्बि तु गानं मार्गः).-16 (In dramaturgy) Hinting or indicating how anything is to happen.-17 (In geom.) A section.-18 The anus.-19 Musk.-2 The constellation called मृगशिरस्.-21 The month called मार्गशीर्ष.-22 N. of Viṣṇu (as the way to final emancipation).-र्गम् A herd of deer; मार्गमदन्या वीथ्या नागवनं प्रयातो भर्ता Pratijña Y.1.-Comp. -आगतः a traveller.-आख्यायिन् m. a guide.-आयातः a traveller.-आरब्ध begun on right lines; मार्गारब्धाः सर्वयत्नाः फलन्ति Pratijña Y.1.18.-आली a track, streak.-उपदेशकः a guide, leader.-तालः (in music) a particular kind of measure.-तोरणम् a triumphal arch erected on a road; पौरदृष्टिकृतमार्गतोरणौ R.11.5.-दर्शकः a guide.-द्रङ्गः a city or town on the road.-द्रुमः a tree growing by the wayside.-धेनुः, -धेनुकम् a measure of distance equal to 4 krośas.-पतिः the superintendent of roads; Rāj. T.-परिणायकः a guide.-पाली N. of a goddess.-बन्धनम् a barricade.-रक्षकः a road-keeper, guard.-वटी an epithet of the tutelary deity of travellers.-विनोदनम् entertainment on a journey.-शोधकः a pioneer.-संस्करणम् cleansing the road; ततः संशोधनं नित्यं मार्गसंस्करणार्थकम् Śukra.4.81.-स्थ a. travelling; way- faring; अनुगन्तुं सतां वर्त्म कृत्स्नं यदि न शक्यते । स्वल्पमप्यव- गन्तव्यं मार्गस्थो नावसीदति ॥ Subhāṣ.-हर्म्यम् a palace on a high road. -
85 ཆོས་
[chos]dharma, elements of existence (general non-critical term), factors of reality, knowable factors, phenomena, mental objects, phenomenal existents, events and meanings, what is experienced, spiritual teachings, truth, message, teaching, doctrine, law, aspects of experience (the range of yid's activity), meaning, qualities, meaning of life, make, build, gnaw off, law, order, sustenance, manifestation, presentation, prepare, make ready, -> 'cha' ba, 'cho ba, 'chos pa, draw up, religious doctrine, religion, particular doctrine, tenet, precept, system of morality, ethics, manner, method, custom, usage, thing, substance, property, 1 of gnas pa dgu -
86 क्रौञ्च
krauñcá
m. a kind of curlew TS. V Āp. I, 17, 36 Mn. etc.. ;
the emblem of the fifth Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇi L. ;
an osprey L. ;
patr. ( orﾠ metron. fr. kruñcā Pāṇ. 4-1, 120 Kār.)
N. of a pupil of Ṡākapūrṇi VP. ;
N. of a mountain (part of the Himâlaya range, situated in the eastern part of the chain on the north of Assam;
said to have been split by Kārttikeya VP.)
TĀr. I, 31, 2 MBh. III, 14331; VI, 462; IX, 2700 ff. R. etc.. ;
N. of one of the Dvipas of the world (surrounded by the sea of curds) VarBṛS. BhP. MatsyaP. BhavP. VārP. ;
N. of an Asura orﾠ Rakshas W. ;
(ā) f. the female curlew Comm. on L. ;
(ī) f. id. R. ;
N. of a daughter of Tāmrā andﾠ mother of the curlews R. ;
(am) n. a kind of poison Car. VI, 23 ;
(scil. astra) N. of a mythical weapon R. I, 29, 12 and 56, 9 ;
N. of several Sāmans TāṇḍyaBr. XI; XIII Lāṭy. ĀrshBr. ;
of a particular kind of recitation TS. II, 5, 11, 1 ChUp. II, 22, 1 (scil. gāna);
a particular method of sitting, NārP. ;
- क्रौञ्चदारण
- क्रौञ्चद्वीप
- क्रौञ्चपक्ष
- क्रौञ्चपदा
- क्रौञ्चपदी
- क्रौञ्चपुर
- क्रौञ्चबन्धम्
- क्रौञ्चब्रध्न
- क्रौञ्चरन्ध्र
- क्रौञ्चरिपु
- क्रौञ्चवत्
- क्रौञ्चवन
- क्रौञ्चशत्रु
- क्रौञ्चसूदन
- क्रौञ्चाचल
- क्रौञ्चादन
- क्रौञ्चारण्य
- क्रौञ्चाराति
- क्रौञ्चारि
- क्रौञ्चार्ण
-
87 मार्ग
mārgam. (in most meanings fr. mṛiga, of which it is alsoﾠ the Vṛiddhi form in comp.) seeking, search, tracing out, hunting L. ;
(exceptionally alsoﾠ n.;
ifc. f. ā) the track of a wild animal, any track, road, path, way to (loc. orﾠ comp.) orﾠ through (comp.), course ( alsoﾠ of the wind andﾠ the stars) Mn. MBh. etc. ( mārgaṉ-dā orﾠ yam, with gen. of pers., to give up the way to, allow to pass;
māgeṇa ifc. = by way of i.e. through, across orﾠ along;
with yā, to go the way of i.e. suffer the same fate as;
mārgais ifc., through;
mārgāya, with gen., in order to make way for any one;
mārge, by the wayside orﾠ on the way;
with pra-cal, to set out on one's way;
nijamārgaṉ-gam, to go one's way);
a walk, journey VarBṛS. ;
reach, range Kir. ;
a scar, mark (left by a wound etc.) Ragh. ;
(in medic.) a way, passage, channel (in any part of the body, esp. the intestinal canal, anus);
a way, expedient, means Kām. Kathās. ( mārgeṇa, by means of. VarBṛS.);
a way, manner method, custom, usage Up. Yājñ. MBh. etc.;
the right way, proper course MBh. Hariv. (cf. āmārga;
(with Buddhists) the way orﾠ path pointed out by Buddha for escape from the misery of existence (one of the 4 noble. truths) MWB. 44 (cf. āryâ̱shṭāṅga-m-);
a title orﾠ head in law, ground for litigation Mn. VIII, 3, 9 etc.. ;
a way of speaking orﾠ writing, diction, style Kāvyâd. Sāh. ;
a high (opp. to « vulgar») style of acting orﾠ dancing orﾠ singing Inscr. Daṡar. ;
(in dram.) pointing out the way, indicating how anything is to take place Daṡar. Sāh. ;
(in astrol.) the 7th mansion VarYogay. ;
(in geom.) a section W. ;
musk L. (cf. mṛiga-mada);
the month Mārgaṡīrsha (November-December) Rājat. ;
the constellation Mṛiga-ṡiras L. ;
N. of Vishṇu (as « the way», scil. to final emancipation) MBh. ;
mf (ī)n. belonging to orﾠ coming from game orﾠ deer R. Var. Suṡr. ;
- मार्गक्लेश
- मार्गताल
- मार्गतोरण
- मार्गदक्षक
- मार्गदर्शक
- मार्गदायिनी
- मार्गदेशिक
- मार्गद्रङ्ग
- मार्गद्रङ्गा
- मार्गद्रुम
- मार्गधेनु
- मार्गधेनुक
- मार्गप
- मार्गपति
- मार्गपथ
- मार्गपरिणायक
- मार्गपाली
- मार्गबन्धन
- मार्गमध्यग
- मार्गमर्षि
- मार्गरक्षक
- मार्गरोधिन्
- मार्गवटी
- मार्गवर्त्मन्
- मार्गवशागत
- मार्गवशानुग
- मार्गवशायात
- मार्गवासस्
- मार्गविघ्न
- मार्गविनोदन
- मार्गशाखिन्
- मार्गशिर
- मार्गशिरस्
- मार्गशीर्ष
- मार्गशीर्षक
- मार्गशोधक
- मार्गशोभा
- मार्गसंदर्शन
- मार्गस्थ
- मार्गस्थिति
- मार्गहर्म्य
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88 набор
combination, bank, composition полигр., cluster, compart, dialing, ensemble, ( корпуса судна) framework, gang, gather, gathering, kit, matter, nest, package, (приборов, инструментов, принадлежностей) outfit, repertoire, repertory, typesetting, ( на клавиатуре) typing, set, setting, stack, strike-on, suite* * *набо́р м.1. ( комплект) set, kit2. тлф. dialling3. мат. set, collection4. полигр. ( текст и процесс) composition (type), typesetting; ( типографские литеры и пробельный материал) types and spacing (material); ( печатная форма) type set5. ( корпуса судна) framingакциде́нтный набо́р — job compositionнабо́р без шпон — solid matterбло́чный набо́р — block typesettingбуквоотливно́й набо́р — metal-type com positionнабо́р вразря́дку — letter-spacingвыдели́тельный набо́р — display work, display matterнабо́р высоты́ ав. — climbвыде́рживать набо́р высоты́ — maintain the climbвыполня́ть набо́р высоты́ до … ме́тров — climb to … metresвыполня́ть набо́р высоты́ по прямо́й — climb straight aheadпереходи́ть в набо́р высоты́ — enter [go into] a climb; ( после взлёта) climb outпрекраща́ть набо́р высоты́ — recover from the climbда́льний набо́р — trunk [distance] dialingда́льний, прямо́й набо́р — subscriber's [direct] trunk [distance] diallingнабо́р да́нных вчт. — data setосуществля́ть по́иск набо́ра да́нных по его́ и́мени — retrieve a data set by nameсовме́стно испо́льзовать набо́р да́нных — share a data setсоединя́ть набо́ры да́нных — concatenate data setsнабо́р да́нных, библиоте́чный — partitioned data setнабо́р да́нных, организо́ванный разде́лами — partitioned data setнабо́р да́нных, после́довательный — sequential data setнабо́р зна́ков — set of symbols, character setнабо́р зубча́тых колё́с — ( комплект) set of gears; ( кинематическая цепь) train of gearsнабо́р инструме́нтов — tool set, tool kitнабо́р концевы́х мер — ( комплект плоскопараллельных плиток) set of gauge blocks; ( на размер) stack of gauge blocksнабо́р ко́рпуса су́дна — ship framingнабо́р ко́рпуса су́дна подкрепля́ет вне́шние и вну́тренние листовы́е констру́кции — framing provides a structure to which the outer and inner planking [plating] is securedнабо́р ко́рпуса су́дна слу́жит карка́сом — framing constitutes the skeleton structure of a vesselнабо́р ко́рпуса су́дна, попере́чный — transverse framesнабо́р ко́рпуса су́дна, продо́льный — longitudinal framesнабо́р логи́ческих элеме́нтов — set of logical elementsнабо́р логи́ческих элеме́нтов, по́лный — complete set of logical elementsнабо́р логи́ческих элеме́нтов, универса́льный — universal set of logical elementsмаши́нный набо́р — machine compositionме́стный набо́р — local dialingметалли́ческий набо́р — hot-type compositionнабо́р на шпо́ны — interlined compositionнабо́р объекти́вов кфт. — range of lensesнабо́р опера́ций вчт. — set of operationsнабо́р переда́точных чи́сел ( шестерен) — scale of (gear) ratiosповто́рный набо́р полигр. — resettingнабо́р подтона́льной частото́й — low-frequency [subaudio] diallingпросто́й набо́р — straightforward settingручно́й набо́р — hand setting, hand compositionнабо́р с вы́ключкой вле́во — flush-left compositionнабо́р с вы́ключкой впра́во — flush-right compositionнабо́р сигна́лов ( используемых ЭВМ) — repertoireнабо́р ско́рости — accelerationнабо́р «слепы́м» ме́тодом — touch method compositionнабо́р слеса́рно-монта́жных инструме́нтов — machinist's kitстрокоотливно́й набо́р — line compositionтекстово́й набо́р — body matter, straight compositionтона́льный набо́р — voice-frequency [v.r.] diallingнабо́р шестерё́н — ( комплект) set of gears; ( кинематическая цепь) train of gearsширокоформа́тный набо́р — wide-measure settingшрифтово́й набо́р — type matterнабо́р уравне́ния ( на ЭВМ) — equation set-up -
89 начиная с ... и кончая
Начиная с... и кончаяAttention will now be given to the details of each step starting with the model assumption and ending with a discussion of the use of the final design curve.This is a process of acquiring supplies or services, beginning with determination of a need for the supplies or services and ending with contract completion and closeout.The evolution of creep failure criteria is discussed from the early considerations of strain limits to avoid excessive deformation to the current concepts where rupture is used as the basic parameter for most cumulative damage laws.The method is suited for application within the whole spectrum of KI, beginning with quasi-static loading and ranging to stress wave loading.Critical flow events in counter-current flows are important in a variety of applications ranging from pipeline flows to nuclear reactor safety analysis.He found that a nonlinear correlation existed for a very wide range of materials ranging in stiffness from lead all the way to tungsten.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > начиная с ... и кончая
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90 обманчив
Обманчив-- But this agreement is misleading because essentially all the particles detected by the scattering counter are less than 10 mm in diameter which is below the detection range of the holographic method.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > обманчив
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91 порядок
1) (proper) order
2) (последовательность)
order
3) (способ)
order, procedure
4) (строй)
order* * ** * *1) order 2) order, sequence* * *courseformationkiltermannermethodorderorderlinesspeacerangeregularitysequenceset-uptrim -
92 lini|a
/'linja/ f (G D Gpl linii) 1. Mat. line- linia krzywa/łamana a curved/broken line- linia prosta a straight line- połączyć dwa punkty linią prostą to join two points with a straight line2. (kreska) line- linia ciągła/przerywana a solid/broken line- zeszyt w linię a lined a. ruled notebook- papier/zeszyt w trzy linie a three-line(d) paper/notebook3. przen. line- linia świateł a line a. shaft of light4. (granica) line- linia włosów hairline- linia horyzontu the line of the horizon, the skyline- linia brzegowa a shoreline, a coastline5. (szereg) line, row- stoły ustawione w jednej linii tables lined up- ustawić krzesła w jednej linii to arrange chairs in a line, to align chairs6. (kontur) line, outline- opływowa linia samochodu the rounded a. aerodynamic lines of a car- klasyczna linia nosa the classic line of sb’s nose- linia spódnicy the cut of a skirt- suknia o wciętej linii a narrow-waisted dress- drzewa odcinały się ciemną linią od nieba the trees cut a dark line on the horizon7. Elektr., Telekom. (przewód) line- linia telefoniczna a telephone line- linia telegraficzna a telegraph wire- sieć linii energetycznych an electric(al) power grid- linia wysokiego napięcia a high-voltage a. high-tension line8. Telekom. (połączenie) line- linia była zajęta the line was engaged a. busy US- zakłócenia na linii a bad line- są zakłócenia na linii the line a. connection is bad, the line is crackling- bezpłatna linia telefoniczna a freephone number GB, a toll-free number US9. (trasa) line, route- linia tramwajowa a tram line a. route- linia autobusowa a bus route a. service- linia kolejowa Warszawa-Kraków the Warsaw-Cracow (railway) line- tramwaj linii 33 the number 33 tram10. (w tekście) line- w ostatniej linii na tej stronie jest błąd there’s a mistake in the last line of the a. this page- możesz pisać w tej samej linii you can write on the same line11. Techn. line- linia produkcyjna/montażowa the production/assembly line- uruchomić/zatrzymać linię to start/to stop the line12. Wojsk. (stanowiska na froncie) line- linia frontu the front line- nieprzyjaciel przypuścił atak na całej linii the enemy attacked along the whole front- udało im się wydostać poza linię okrążenia they managed to break out of the encirclement- walczyć w pierwszej linii to fight in the front line- linia umocnień wroga the enemy’s line of fortifications- żołnierz z pierwszej linii a front-line soldier- krewni w linii prostej relatives a. kin in the direct line, lineal ancestors and descendants- powinowaci w linii prostej spouse’s relatives in the direct line- krewni z linii matki/ojca relatives on the mother’s/father’s side- na nim wygaśnie linia rodu with him the male line of the family will end- pochodzić w prostej linii od kogoś to be a direct descendant of sb, to be directly descended from sb- linia boczna collateral line- linia wstępująca a. wstępna lineal ancestors- linia zstępująca a. zstępna lineal descendants14. (tendencja) line- linia ideologiczna/polityczna (partii) the ideological/political line (of a party)- linia obrony/rozumowania a line of defence/thought- trzymać się obranej linii postępowania to stick to a chosen course of action15. augm. (duża linijka) ruler, rule 16. Druk. line- linia pisma a line of type- linia tekstu line (of text)17. Leśn. clearing 18. (na dłoni) line- linia głowy/serca the head/heart line- linia losu the line of fate- linia życia the life line- linie papilarne lines on the palm, fingers, and thumb; dermatoglyphics spec.- pobierać odciski linii papilarnych to take sb’s fingerprints19. Miary line 20. Sport linia autowa a touchline, a sideline- piłka wypadła za linię autową the ball went into touch- linia bramkowa a goal line- wybić piłkę z linii bramkowej to make a goal-line clearance- linia startu/mety the starting/finishing line- □ linia demarkacyjna Polit. line of demarcation, demarcation line- linia hetmańska/królewska/wieżowa Gry queen/king/rook line- linia kosmetyków Kosmet. line a. range of cosmetics- linia Maginota Hist. the Maginot line- linia melodyczna/kompozycyjna Literat., Muz. melodic/compositional line- linia naboczna Anat. lateral line (system)- linia opanowana Gry controlled square- linia przestrzenna Mat. spatial line- linia przesyłowa Elektr. transmission line- linia średnicowa Kolej. cross-town line- linia telekomunikacyjna Telekom. telecommunication(s) line- linia wodna Żegl. waterline- linia zabudowy Archit. building line- linia zmiany daty Geog. date line, International Date Line- linie lotnicze Lotn. airline- Polskie Linie Lotnicze "Lot" Lot Polish Airlines- linie oceaniczne ocean lines■ pod linię książk. lined up, in a line- w linii prostej in a straight a. direct line- stąd do miasta jest w linii prostej 5 kilometrów as the crow flies it’s five kilometres from here to the town, the town is five kilometres away as the crow flies- na linii oczu at eye level- dbać o linię pot. to watch one’s figure- iść po linii najmniejszego oporu pot. to take a. follow the line of least resistance, to take the path of least resistance US- klęska/klapa na całej linii a complete disaster/washout- ponieść porażkę na całej linii to get a (real) hiding- odnieść zwycięstwo na całej linii to win an outright victory- przegrał wybory na całej linii he suffered a crushing defeat in the election- nowa metoda zawiodła na całej linii the new method has been a complete a. total failureThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > lini|a
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93 w|ąski
adj. grad. 1. [drzwi, schody, ulica, przejście, oczy, klatka piersiowa] narrow; [nos] narrow, thin; [wargi, usta] thin; [buty, sukienka] tight- miała wąskie biodra she had narrow hips a. was narrow-hipped- miała wąskie ramiona she was narrow in a. across the shoulders, her shoulders were narrow- te spodnie są dla mnie za wąskie these trousers feel too tight on me- kurtka była za wąska w ramionach the jacket was too tight in a. across the shoulders2. przen. (ograniczony) [definicja, specjalizacja] narrow- człowiek o wąskich horyzontach a narrow-minded man- mieć bardzo wąskie horyzonty to have a very narrow mind a. outlook on life- wąska gama barw a limited range of colours- wąskie grono przyjaciół a narrow a. small circle of friends- w wąskim sensie tego słowa in the narrow sense of the word- książka skierowana do wąskiego kręgu odbiorców a book intended for a small a. limited audience- metodę tę stosuje się w wąskim zakresie this method is used to a limited extent■ wąskie gardło bottleneck- wąskie gardła produkcyjne/transportowe production/transport bottlenecks, bottlenecks in the production process/transport systemThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > w|ąski
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94 набор
1. м. set, kit2. м. тлф. dialling3. м. мат. set, collection4. м. полигр. composition, typesetting; types and spacing; type set5. м. framingвыполнять набор высоты до … метров — climb to … metres
переходить в набор высоты — enter a climb; climb out
набор зубчатых колёс — set of gears; train of gears
набор концевых мер — set of gauge blocks; stack of gauge blocks
набор корпуса судна подкрепляет внешние и внутренние листовые конструкции — framing provides a structure to which the outer and inner planking is secured
набор «слепым» методом — touch method composition
набор шестерён — set of gears; train of gears
Синонимический ряд:1. комплект (сущ.) комплект2. наем (сущ.) вербовка; вербовку; наем -
95 Vestings
Fabrics formerly very popular for men's fancy vests and other dress purposes. The range includes pique welts, Bedford cords, and an infinite variety of figured weaves. Some styles had very elaborate jacquard figured ornamentation depicting hunting and pastoral subjects. A commoner method of ornamentation was to use the double plain texture and introduce small extra warp or extra weft spots in silk yarns dyed in gay colours. All white pique with fine well defined welts were formerly in great favour for occasional wear on special occasions. -
96 ἔντεχνος
ἔντεχν-ος, ον,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔντεχνος
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97 работа
work
(выполняемая человеком или совершаемая машиной) — instructions for accomplishing the work.
указания no выполнению работ(ы). содержание работы, тепловая энергия горячего воздуха, подаваемого в турбохолодильник, преобразуется в работу, вызывая охлажние воздуха на выходе из tх — description of work. h energy passing through the cooling turbine is converted into work, thus causing a temperature drop across the turbine.
- (нагруженного элемента конструкции) — stress carrying
"-" (надпись у выключателя противопожарной системы) — (fire) agent arm
- (обрабатываемая заготовка или деталь) тиски применяются для зажима обрабатываемого материала или работы. — job. vices are used to grip firmly the material or job upon which work is being done.
"-" (положение рычага останова двигателя) — run, fuel on, open
"-" (режим работы навигационной инерциальной системы) — navigate (nav) mode. set the ins mode selector switch to nav position.
- (фунхционирование, действие, операция) — operation, action
данная глава содержит щие сведения о принципе работы насоса. — this chapter contains general information on principle of the pump operation.
- абсу в штурвальном рожиме — afcs operation under manual control
-, автоматическая — automatic operation
-, автоматическая (двигателя после нар) — (engine) governed run
- агрегата — unit operation
-, безотказная (бееперебой — trouble-free operation
-, бесшумная — noise-free operation
- в автоматическом режиме — automatic operation
- (выполняемая) в заводских условиях или в мастерских — shop work
инструкции по ремонту составлены для механизмов, выполняющих работу в стационарных мастерских, а не дпя механиков-эксплуатационников. — the overhaul instructions are prepared for mechanic who normally performs shop work and not for the aircraft service mechanic.
-, внерегламентная — unscheduled maintenance check
-, внеочередная регламентная — unscheduled maintenance check
- в ручном режиме — manual operation
- выполняемая при нахождении самолета вне эксплуатации сроком до (одного) mесяца — maintenance of aircraft during an inaction period of (one) month
-, выполняемая своими силами (на своих базах) — work accomplished "in house"
работа, выполняется своими силами, вместо того, чтобы выполнять эту работу силами изготовителя. — work accomplished in house versus "return to vendor" philosophy.
- генераторов, непараллельная — unparalleled operation of generators
- генераторов, непараллельная (табло) — unparalleled generators: generators unparalleled (gen unparl'd)
- генераторов, параллельная — paralleled operation of generators, generators operating paral leled
- генераторов, параллельная (табло) — paralleled generators, generators paralleled (gen parl'd)
- генераторов, раздельная (в отличие от параллельной) — independent operation of generators
- двигателя — engine operation /running/
работа двигателя во всем диапазоне эксплуатационных (полетных) режимов, — the engine operation throughout the flight power range.
- двигателя (этап) — engine run
30-часовой этап работы двигателя на чередующихся режимах: взлетном и мпр. — 30-hour run (of engine) consisting of alternate periods at takeoff power and at maximum cruising power.
-, заключительная — conclusive operation
- летчика (нагрузка) — pilot work load
наличие автоматического включения реверса тяги облегчает работу летчика при посадке, — installation of automatic thrust reversal control reduces pilot work load during landing.
- на большом газе (двиг.) — engine run /operation/ at full throttle
- на валу — shaft work
- на взлетном режиме (двиг.) — (engine) operation at takeoff power, takeoff power operation
-, надежная — reliable /dependable/ operation
- на завышенных оборотах (двиг.) (этап испытаний) — overspeed run
работа двигателя на завыщенных оборотах должна чередоваться с работой на стабилизирующих режимах. — the overspeed runs must be alternated with stabilizing runs.
- на максимальном продолжительном режиме (мпр) (двиг.) — engine operation at maximum continuous power
- на малом газе (двиг.) — (engine) operation at idle power, idling
работа на возможно малых оборотах, не приводящая к останову двигателя, — engine running at lowest speed possible, without stopping.
- на малых оборотах (двиг.) — engine low speed operation
- на "номинальном" режиме (на mпp) (двиг.) — (engine) operation at maximum continuous power
- (вертолета) на привязи — (helicopter) tie-down run
-, научно-исследовательская — research work
-, на холостом ходу (двиг.) — idling
-, непрерывная — continuous operation
-, неустойчивая — unstable operation
-, осмотровая — inspection
-, плановая (оперативная по регламенту техобслуживания) — line maintenance
-, погрузочно-разгрузочная — cargo handling (operation)
-, подготовительная работа по подготовке обо_ рудования к установке на ла. — preparatory procedure
-, полезная — useful work
- по разработке бортового оборудования ла — development work on airborne equipment
- по техническому обслуживанию (осмотру) — inspection and maintenance work /action/
-, профилактическая (техобслуживания) — preventive maintenance operation
-, регламентная — scheduled maintenance action /check, inspection/
выполнение программы надежности является лучшим методом для обеспечения надежности работы систем в периоды между регламентными работами. — the reliability program is the best method of controlling the interval between scheduled maintenance actions.
-, регламентная (50-) часовая — (50-)hour scheduled maintenance check
-, регламентная (50-) часовая (в летных часах) — (50-)flight hour (fh) maintenаncе cheek
-, ремонтная (текущий ремонт) — repair work
-, совместная — work in unison
systems operate conjointly or in unison.
-, с перебоями (двиг.) — rough (engine) operation
двигатель работает с перебоями при неисправности системы зажигания или питания топливом, — an engine that is running or firing unevenly, usually due to а faulty condition in either the fuel or ignition systems.
-, строго регламентированная — hard-time (ht) process /action/
вид профилактической технической проверки в результате которой изделие (агрегат) должен быть снят с самолета и направлен в ремонт до истечения срока регламентных работ по данному изделию, — нт is а failure preventive primary maintenance (overhaul control) process which requires that the item be removed from the airplane and overhauled (or replaced) before exceeding the specified time (interval).
- схемы (раздел описания работы электр. схемы системы блока и т.п.) — detailed circuit description
-, текущая — current work
-, типовая — routine
- "уравновешивающая" (этап испытаний двиг.) — stabilizing run
работа двигателя на повышенном режиме должна чередоваться е работой на уравновешивающем режиме. — overspeed runs must be alternated with stabilizing runs.
- установившаяся — steady operation
-, устойчивая — stable operation
-, экспериментальная — experimental work
.нарушение нормальной р. (агрегата системы) — malfunction
объем р. — scope of work
описание и р. (раздел руководства) — description and operation
порядок выполнения р. (раздел бюллетеня) — accomplishment instructions
при р. с (на) прибором, (самелете) — when working on indicator (airplane)
схема р. — functional diagram
часы р. — hours of operation
выполнять р. — accomplish work
выполнять р. на агрегате (работать с агрегатом) — perform work on unit
зажимать р. в тисках — grip а job in the vice
нарушать нормальную р. (агрегата, системы) — cause malfunction
проводить р. на /с/... — work оп...Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > работа
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98 conjoint analysis
Gen Mgta research method aimed at discovering the most attractive combination of attributes, including price, package style, and size, for a product or service. In conjoint analysis, respondents express their preferences by filling in a questionnaire and ranking a number of contrasting combinations of attributes from the most to the least preferred. This enables values to be assigned to the range of features that customers consider when making a decision to purchase. -
99 Braun, Karl Ferdinand
[br]b. 6 June 1850 Fulda, Hesse, Germanyd. 20 April 1918 New York City, New York, USA[br]German physicist who shared with Marconi the 1909 Nobel Prize for Physics for developments in wireless telegraphy; inventor of the cathode ray oscilloscope.[br]After obtaining degrees from the universities of Marburg and Berlin (PhD) and spending a short time as Headmaster of the Thomas School in Berlin, Braun successively held professorships in theoretical physics at the universities of Marburg (1876), Strasbourg (1880) and Karlsruhe (1883) before becoming Professor of Experimental Physics at Tübingen in 1885 and Director and Professor of Physics at Strasbourg in 1895.During this time he devised experimental apparatus to determine the dielectric constant of rock salt and developed the Braun high-tension electrometer. He also discovered that certain mineral sulphide crystals would only conduct electricity in one direction, a rectification effect that made it possible to detect and demodulate radio signals in a more reliable manner than was possible with the coherer. Primarily, however, he was concerned with improving Marconi's radio transmitter to increase its broadcasting range. By using a transmitter circuit comprising a capacitor and a spark-gap, coupled to an aerial without a spark-gap, he was able to obtain much greater oscillatory currents in the latter, and by tuning the transmitter so that the oscillations occupied only a narrow frequency band he reduced the interference with other transmitters. Other achievements include the development of a directional aerial and the first practical wavemeter, and the measurement in Strasbourg of the strength of radio waves received from the Eiffel Tower transmitter in Paris. For all this work he subsequently shared with Marconi the 1909 Nobel Prize for Physics.Around 1895 he carried out experiments using a torsion balance in order to measure the universal gravitational constant, g, but the work for which he is probably best known is the addition of deflecting plates and a fluorescent screen to the Crooke's tube in 1897 in order to study the characteristics of high-frequency currents. The oscilloscope, as it was called, was not only the basis of a now widely used and highly versatile test instrument but was the forerunner of the cathode ray tube, or CRT, used for the display of radar and television images.At the beginning of the First World War, while in New York to testify in a patent suit, he was trapped by the entry of the USA into the war and remained in Brooklyn with his son until his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics (jointly with Marconi) 1909.Bibliography1874, "Assymetrical conduction of certain metal sulphides", Pogg. Annal. 153:556 (provides an account of the discovery of the crystal rectifier).1897, "On a method for the demonstration and study of currents varying with time", Wiedemann's Annalen 60:552 (his description of the cathode ray oscilloscope as a measuring tool).Further ReadingK.Schlesinger \& E.G.Ramberg, 1962, "Beamdeflection and photo-devices", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 50, 991.KF -
100 Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 31 December 1888 Thizy, Rhône, Franced. 15 August 1960 Fontenoy-aux-Roses, France[br]French metallurgist, inventor of the alloys Elinvar and Platinite and of the method of strengthening nickel-chromium alloys by a precipitate ofNi3Al which provided the basis of all later super-alloy development.[br]Soon after graduating from the Ecole des Mines at St-Etienne in 1910, Chevenard joined the Société de Commentry Fourchambault et Decazeville at their steelworks at Imphy, where he remained for the whole of his career. Imphy had for some years specialized in the production of nickel steels. From this venture emerged the first austenitic nickel-chromium steel, containing 6 per cent chromium and 22–4 per cent nickel and produced commercially in 1895. Most of the alloys required by Guillaume in his search for the low-expansion alloy Invar were made at Imphy. At the Imphy Research Laboratory, established in 1911, Chevenard conducted research into the development of specialized nickel-based alloys. His first success followed from an observation that some of the ferro-nickels were free from the low-temperature brittleness exhibited by conventional steels. To satisfy the technical requirements of Georges Claude, the French cryogenic pioneer, Chevenard was then able in 1912 to develop an alloy containing 55–60 per cent nickel, 1–3 per cent manganese and 0.2–0.4 per cent carbon. This was ductile down to −190°C, at which temperature carbon steel was very brittle.By 1916 Elinvar, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with an elastic modulus that did not vary appreciably with changes in ambient temperature, had been identified. This found extensive use in horology and instrument manufacture, and even for the production of high-quality tuning forks. Another very popular alloy was Platinite, which had the same coefficient of thermal expansion as platinum and soda glass. It was used in considerable quantities by incandescent-lamp manufacturers for lead-in wires. Other materials developed by Chevenard at this stage to satisfy the requirements of the electrical industry included resistance alloys, base-metal thermocouple combinations, magnetically soft high-permeability alloys, and nickel-aluminium permanent magnet steels of very high coercivity which greatly improved the power and reliability of car magnetos. Thermostatic bimetals of all varieties soon became an important branch of manufacture at Imphy.During the remainder of his career at Imphy, Chevenard brilliantly elaborated the work on nickel-chromium-tungsten alloys to make stronger pressure vessels for the Haber and other chemical processes. Another famous alloy that he developed, ATV, contained 35 per cent nickel and 11 per cent chromium and was free from the problem of stress-induced cracking in steam that had hitherto inhibited the development of high-power steam turbines. Between 1912 and 1917, Chevenard recognized the harmful effects of traces of carbon on this type of alloy, and in the immediate postwar years he found efficient methods of scavenging the residual carbon by controlled additions of reactive metals. This led to the development of a range of stabilized austenitic stainless steels which were free from the problems of intercrystalline corrosion and weld decay that then caused so much difficulty to the manufacturers of chemical plant.Chevenard soon concluded that only the nickel-chromium system could provide a satisfactory basis for the subsequent development of high-temperature alloys. The first published reference to the strengthening of such materials by additions of aluminium and/or titanium occurs in his UK patent of 1929. This strengthening approach was adopted in the later wartime development in Britain of the Nimonic series of alloys, all of which depended for their high-temperature strength upon the precipitated compound Ni3Al.In 1936 he was studying the effect of what is now known as "thermal fatigue", which contributes to the eventual failure of both gas and steam turbines. He then published details of equipment for assessing the susceptibility of nickel-chromium alloys to this type of breakdown by a process of repeated quenching. Around this time he began to make systematic use of the thermo-gravimetrie balance for high-temperature oxidation studies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Société de Physique. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.Bibliography1929, Analyse dilatométrique des matériaux, with a preface be C.E.Guillaume, Paris: Dunod (still regarded as the definitive work on this subject).The Dictionary of Scientific Biography lists around thirty of his more important publications between 1914 and 1943.Further Reading"Chevenard, a great French metallurgist", 1960, Acier Fins (Spec.) 36:92–100.L.Valluz, 1961, "Notice sur les travaux de Pierre Chevenard, 1888–1960", Paris: Institut de France, Académie des Sciences.ASDBiographical history of technology > Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
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