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1 profestus
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2 profestus
pro-fēstus, a, um1) непраздничный, будничныйdies profesti L или profestae luces H — будни2) непосвящённый, тёмный, невежественный ( vulgus AG) -
3 profestus
pro-fēstus, a, um, I) unfestlich, nicht festlich, dies, Liv., od. lux, Hor., ein Werktag. – II) unheilig, profestum et profanum vulgus, Gell. praef. § 20.
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4 profestus
pro-fēstus, a, um, I) unfestlich, nicht festlich, dies, Liv., od. lux, Hor., ein Werktag. – II) unheilig, profestum et profanum vulgus, Gell. praef. § 20.Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > profestus
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5 profestus
profesta, profestum ADJnot kept as a holiday, common, ordinary -
6 profestus
prŏ-festus, a, um, adj. [pro-festus; cf. profanus].I.Lit., non-festival, not kept as a holiday, common; of days, workingdays: profestum diem dicebant qui festus non erat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 252 Müll.:II.profesti dies a festivitate vacui,
Non. 434, 3; Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 11:ut carpentis, festis profestisque diebus, per urbem vectemur,
Liv. 34, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 144: pejor, qui profestis diebus ageret, quod feriatis deberet, Cato ap Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 40. luces, working-days, Hor C. 4, 15, 25; so,lux,
id. S. 2, 2, 116:profestum facere est tamquam profanum facere, id est facere, quod feriis facere non licet, etc.,
Fest. p. 253 Müll.—Transf., like profanus, uninitiated, uncultivated, uneducated (post-class.): profestum et profanum vulgus, Gell. praef. fin. -
7 dies
diēs, ēi, c. (doch bei Cic. als fem. nur vom Termine u. Zeitraume u. wenn es das Datum des Briefes), im Plur. nur masc. (vgl. indogerm. *d
ēus zu dee
o, leuchtend, u. altind. div ¾, am Tage), der Tag, I) im allg.: 1) eig.: dies antemeridianus, postmeridianus, Sen.: dies fastus, nefastus, dies festus, profestus, feriatus, s. 1. fāstususw.: dies laetitiae destinatus, Iustin.: dies foedus, Iustin.: dies lunares, Varro: dies dedicationis, Plin. ep.: comitiorum dies, Liv.: plurium dierum hiems (Sturm), Plin. ep.: quinque dierum disputationes, Cic.: dies nullus erat Antii cum essem, quo die non scirem, Cic.: perpotare totos dies, Cic.: disputatio hesterni et hodierni diei, Cic.: ludorum Romanorum secundo die, Liv.: extremo ludorum scaenicorum die, Cic.: primo imperii die, Suet.: hesterno, hodierno, crastino die, Cic.: hodierno et crastino die, Liv.: ante hodiernum diem, Cic.: ad hunc diem anni, bis heutigentags, Gell. – postero die, Cic., posterā die, Sall.: in posterum diem, Caes. – diem de die, Liv., od. diem ex die, Caes. u. Cic., einen Tag nach dem andern, Tag für Tag. – in dies, von Tag zu Tag, täglich, Caes., Cic., Liv. u.a. (vgl. für Liv. Wölffl. Liv. Krit. S. 23). – cotidie aut potius in dies singulos (von Tag zu Tag), Cic. – in diem, s. 1. inno. I, B, 2. – ad diem, auf den Tag, ad certam diem, zu dem bestimmten Tag, Caes. (s. Schneider zu Caes. b. G. 2, 5, 1). – multo die, hoch-, spät am Tage, Caes.: ad multum diem, Cic., od. ad multum diei, Liv., bis spät am Tage, spät in den Tag hinein: de die, am (hellen) Tage, Plaut. u.a. – bis in die (des Tages), Cic.: u. so in die deciens, deni, Plaut.: ebenso bis die (des Tages), Cels.: quinquies, saepius die, Plin. – die et (od. ac) nocte, einen Tag u. eine Nacht, Cic. u. Plin.: so nocte dieque, Ov. – noctes et dies, noctes diesque, et dies et noctes, dies noctesque u. (mehr poet.) diesque noctesque, Tag u. Nacht, Cic. (vgl. Madvig Cic. de fin. 1, 16, 51), u. so diem noctemque, Nep., diem noctem, Cic. u. Liv.: noctesque et dies, Ter.: diebus ac noctibus, Plin. pan., noctibus atque diebus, Sen., noctibus diebusque, Ps. Quint. decl. – omni die, Gell.: omnibus tricenis diebus, Plin. – paucis diebus, paucis ante od. post diebus, s. paucus. – 2) meton.: a) wie unser Tag, für die Ereignisse, Geschäfte des Tags, diei poenas dare, Cic.: in disponendo die, bei der Einteilung des Tags, Suet.: ut possint sole reducto exercere diem (Tagewerk), Verg. – b) = das Tageslicht, Verg., Plin. u. Plin. ep.: übtr., Tageslicht od. Leben, videre diem, das Licht der Welt erblicken, Ov.: diem proicere, Stat. – c) die Witterung des Tages, dies mitis, tranquillus, Plin. – d) die Tagereise, dierum plus triginta in longitudinem patēre, Liv. – 3) personif., Dies, der Gott des Tages, Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 44. – II) prägn.: A) ein bestimmter, festgesetzter Tag, der Termin, Zahlungstermin, die Verfallzeit, die Frist, 1) im allg.: dies operis, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 577, 3, 13: dies solutionis, Zahlungstag, -termin, Verfallzeit, Ulp. dig. 2, 13, 1. § 2: u. so dies solvendi, Iavol. dig. 17, 1, 51: dies solvendae pecuniae, Tryph. dig. 3, 5, 38. Amm. 18, 5, 2: dies praestandae pecuniae, Papin. dig. 5, 1, 41: u. bl. dies pecuniae, Cic. ad Att. 10, 5, 3. Liv. 34, 6, 13. Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 577, 3, 13: Plur., dies pecuniarum, Col. 1, 7, 2: dies iudicii, Gerichtstag, Liv.: dies annua, Jahresfrist (zur Bezahlung), Cic.: in diem emere, Cic.: diem praestituere od. dicere, Cic.: diem statuere ante quam, einen Termin, eine Frist bestimmen, bis zu w., Sall.: alci dare diem, Frist geben, Plin. ep. 3, 9, 32: prodicere diem, den Termin verlängern, Liv.: aliquot dies proferre, Ter.: nuptiis prodere dies, Ter.: diem ex die ducere, den Termin von einem Tag zum andern hinziehen, -hinausschieben, Caes.: diem perexiguam postulavi, Cic.: diem obire (abwarten), Cic.: alios non solvere, aliorum diem (Termin der Zahlung) nondum esse, Cic. – 2) insbes.: a) der Geburtstag (gew. vollst. dies natalis, Cic., od. natalicius, Mart.), dies meus, Cic. ad Att. 13, 42, 2 (vgl. unten no. d). – b) der Todestag, obire diem supremum, Nep., od. diem suum, Sulp. in Cic. ep., od. diem, Nep., od. diem fungi, Iustin., d.i. sterben: dies suus admonet omnes, Val. Flacc. – c) der Tag des Verhängnisses, -des Untergangs, diem proferet Ilio, Hor. carm. 1, 15, 33. – d) der Fiebertag, dies tuus, Cic. ad Att. 7, 8, 2; 9, 2 in.; 9, 4, 3 (vgl. oben no. a). – e) das Datum des Briefes, zB. earum (epistularum) in altera dies erat ascripta Nonarum Aprilium, in altera, quae mihi recentior videbatur, dies non erat, Cic. ep. 3, 11, 1: habet diem epistula, hat ein D., ist datiert, Paulin, vit. S. Ambros. 49. – B) die Zeit (als Reihe der Veränderungen endlicher Dinge), quod est dies allatura, Cic.: dies levat luctum, Cic.: negat summo bono afferre incrementum diem, Cic.: dies tempusque leniturum iras, Liv. – / Archaist. Genet.-Formen dies, Ven. Fort. vita S. Mart. 4, 100: die, Plaut. Men. 1156 (die septimi) u. most. 881 (die crastini). Cato origg. 4. fr. 12 (die quinti). Coel. Antip. 2. fr. 25 (die quinti; vgl. Gell. 10, 24). Sall. Iug. 52, 3; 97, 3. Verg. georg. 1, 208. Auson. app. II (de rosis). p. 244, 6 Schenkl: dii, Verg. Aen. 1, 636; vgl. Gell. 9, 14, 4. Prisc. 7, 93 u. Ribbeck zu den Stellen aus Verg. – alter Dativ die, Plaut. Amph. 276 u. 546 a. Sisenn. u. Sall. nach Cynthius in Verg. Aen. 1, 636 (in Class. auct. ed. Mai 7, 359). Vgl. übh. Neue-Wagener Formenl.3 Bd. 1. S. 572 f. u. Georges Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 214. -
8 dies
diēs, ēi, c. (doch bei Cic. als fem. nur vom Termine u. Zeitraume u. wenn es das Datum des Briefes), im Plur. nur masc. (vgl. indogerm. *dēus zu de
o, leuchtend, u. altind. divȧ, am Tage), der Tag, I) im allg.: 1) eig.: dies antemeridianus, postmeridianus, Sen.: dies fastus, nefastus, dies festus, profestus, feriatus, s. fastus usw.: dies laetitiae destinatus, Iustin.: dies foedus, Iustin.: dies lunares, Varro: dies dedicationis, Plin. ep.: comitiorum dies, Liv.: plurium dierum hiems (Sturm), Plin. ep.: quinque dierum disputationes, Cic.: dies nullus erat Antii cum essem, quo die non scirem, Cic.: perpotare totos dies, Cic.: disputatio hesterni et hodierni diei, Cic.: ludorum Romanorum secundo die, Liv.: extremo ludorum scaenicorum die, Cic.: primo imperii die, Suet.: hesterno, hodierno, crastino die, Cic.: hodierno et crastino die, Liv.: ante hodiernum diem, Cic.: ad hunc diem anni, bis heutigentags, Gell. – postero die, Cic., posterā die, Sall.: in posterum diem, Caes. – diem de die, Liv., od. diem ex die, Caes. u. Cic., einen Tag nach dem andern, Tag für Tag. – in dies, von Tag zu Tag, täglich, Caes., Cic., Liv. u.a. (vgl. für Liv. Wölffl. Liv. Krit. S. 23). – cotidie aut potius in dies singulos (von Tag zu Tag), Cic. – in diem, s. in no. I, B, 2. – ad diem, auf den Tag, ad certam diem, zu dem bestimmten Tag, Caes. (s. Schneider zu Caes. b. G. 2, 5, 1). –
————multo die, hoch-, spät am Tage, Caes.: ad multum diem, Cic., od. ad multum diei, Liv., bis spät am Tage, spät in den Tag hinein: de die, am (hellen) Tage, Plaut. u.a. – bis in die (des Tages), Cic.: u. so in die deciens, deni, Plaut.: ebenso bis die (des Tages), Cels.: quinquies, saepius die, Plin. – die et (od. ac) nocte, einen Tag u. eine Nacht, Cic. u. Plin.: so nocte dieque, Ov. – noctes et dies, noctes diesque, et dies et noctes, dies noctesque u. (mehr poet.) diesque noctesque, Tag u. Nacht, Cic. (vgl. Madvig Cic. de fin. 1, 16, 51), u. so diem noctemque, Nep., diem noctem, Cic. u. Liv.: noctesque et dies, Ter.: diebus ac noctibus, Plin. pan., noctibus atque diebus, Sen., noctibus diebusque, Ps. Quint. decl. – omni die, Gell.: omnibus tricenis diebus, Plin. – paucis diebus, paucis ante od. post diebus, s. paucus. – 2) meton.: a) wie unser Tag, für die Ereignisse, Geschäfte des Tags, diei poenas dare, Cic.: in disponendo die, bei der Einteilung des Tags, Suet.: ut possint sole reducto exercere diem (Tagewerk), Verg. – b) = das Tageslicht, Verg., Plin. u. Plin. ep.: übtr., Tageslicht od. Leben, videre diem, das Licht der Welt erblicken, Ov.: diem proicere, Stat. – c) die Witterung des Tages, dies mitis, tranquillus, Plin. – d) die Tagereise, dierum plus triginta in longitudinem patēre, Liv. – 3) personif., Dies, der Gott des Tages, Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 44. – II) prägn.: A) ein bestimmter, festge-————setzter Tag, der Termin, Zahlungstermin, die Verfallzeit, die Frist, 1) im allg.: dies operis, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 577, 3, 13: dies solutionis, Zahlungstag, -termin, Verfallzeit, Ulp. dig. 2, 13, 1. § 2: u. so dies solvendi, Iavol. dig. 17, 1, 51: dies solvendae pecuniae, Tryph. dig. 3, 5, 38. Amm. 18, 5, 2: dies praestandae pecuniae, Papin. dig. 5, 1, 41: u. bl. dies pecuniae, Cic. ad Att. 10, 5, 3. Liv. 34, 6, 13. Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 577, 3, 13: Plur., dies pecuniarum, Col. 1, 7, 2: dies iudicii, Gerichtstag, Liv.: dies annua, Jahresfrist (zur Bezahlung), Cic.: in diem emere, Cic.: diem praestituere od. dicere, Cic.: diem statuere ante quam, einen Termin, eine Frist bestimmen, bis zu w., Sall.: alci dare diem, Frist geben, Plin. ep. 3, 9, 32: prodicere diem, den Termin verlängern, Liv.: aliquot dies proferre, Ter.: nuptiis prodere dies, Ter.: diem ex die ducere, den Termin von einem Tag zum andern hinziehen, -hinausschieben, Caes.: diem perexiguam postulavi, Cic.: diem obire (abwarten), Cic.: alios non solvere, aliorum diem (Termin der Zahlung) nondum esse, Cic. – 2) insbes.: a) der Geburtstag (gew. vollst. dies natalis, Cic., od. natalicius, Mart.), dies meus, Cic. ad Att. 13, 42, 2 (vgl. unten no. d). – b) der Todestag, obire diem supremum, Nep., od. diem suum, Sulp. in Cic. ep., od. diem, Nep., od. diem fungi, Iustin., d.i. sterben: dies suus admonet omnes, Val. Flacc. – c) der Tag des————Verhängnisses, -des Untergangs, diem proferet Ilio, Hor. carm. 1, 15, 33. – d) der Fiebertag, dies tuus, Cic. ad Att. 7, 8, 2; 9, 2 in.; 9, 4, 3 (vgl. oben no. a). – e) das Datum des Briefes, zB. earum (epistularum) in altera dies erat ascripta Nonarum Aprilium, in altera, quae mihi recentior videbatur, dies non erat, Cic. ep. 3, 11, 1: habet diem epistula, hat ein D., ist datiert, Paulin, vit. S. Ambros. 49. – B) die Zeit (als Reihe der Veränderungen endlicher Dinge), quod est dies allatura, Cic.: dies levat luctum, Cic.: negat summo bono afferre incrementum diem, Cic.: dies tempusque leniturum iras, Liv. – ⇒ Archaist. Genet.-Formen dies, Ven. Fort. vita S. Mart. 4, 100: die, Plaut. Men. 1156 (die septimi) u. most. 881 (die crastini). Cato origg. 4. fr. 12 (die quinti). Coel. Antip. 2. fr. 25 (die quinti; vgl. Gell. 10, 24). Sall. Iug. 52, 3; 97, 3. Verg. georg. 1, 208. Auson. app. II (de rosis). p. 244, 6 Schenkl: dii, Verg. Aen. 1, 636; vgl. Gell. 9, 14, 4. Prisc. 7, 93 u. Ribbeck zu den Stellen aus Verg. – alter Dativ die, Plaut. Amph. 276 u. 546 a. Sisenn. u. Sall. nach Cynthius in Verg. Aen. 1, 636 (in Class. auct. ed. Mai 7, 359). Vgl. übh. Neue-Wagener Formenl.3 Bd. 1. S. 572 f. u. Georges Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 214. -
9 A
1.A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:II.A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,
Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,
Quint. 1, 5, 61.The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.III.In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.A.Short a is changed,1., into long a —a.In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,b.In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).c.In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)2.Short a is changed into é or ē—a.Into é.(α).Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).(β).Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.(γ).In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).b.Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).3.Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)(α).before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —(β).Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).b.ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.c. d.In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.4. a.Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).b.Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).5.Short a is changed into ŭ —a.In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).b.In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.c.ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).B. 1. 2.Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)IV.Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.V.The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).VI.Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.B.ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.1.The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.2.In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.3. 4.The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.5.Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.VII.In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.A.Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).B.Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—1.Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.2.Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.3.Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.4.Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.5. 6.Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.C.Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.2.As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;3.so also A. A. A.,
ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.a, prep.=ab, v. ab.4.ā, interj.=ah, v. ah. -
10 a
1.A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:II.A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,
Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,
Quint. 1, 5, 61.The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.III.In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.A.Short a is changed,1., into long a —a.In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,b.In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).c.In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)2.Short a is changed into é or ē—a.Into é.(α).Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).(β).Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.(γ).In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).b.Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).3.Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)(α).before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —(β).Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).b.ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.c. d.In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.4. a.Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).b.Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).5.Short a is changed into ŭ —a.In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).b.In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.c.ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).B. 1. 2.Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)IV.Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.V.The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).VI.Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.B.ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.1.The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.2.In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.3. 4.The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.5.Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.VII.In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.A.Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).B.Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—1.Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.2.Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.3.Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.4.Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.5. 6.Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.C.Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.2.As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;3.so also A. A. A.,
ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.a, prep.=ab, v. ab.4.ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.
См. также в других словарях:
Profestus dies — (lat.), Werkeltag … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
AEMYLIANUS Libycus — limiti Sarmatico in Moesia a Decio praepositus est, nec a Gallo submotus; is itaque cum Scythae, sollertissimum laterocinandi genus, contenti tributô non essent; id pro contione suis militibus pollicitus est, si hostes vicissent. Praemiô accensi… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
ՆԱԽԱՏՕՆ — (ի.) NBH 2 0398 Chronological Sequence: Unknown date, Early classical, 5c, 6c, 12c, 13c գ.ա. ՆԱԽԱՏՕՆ ՆԱԽԱՏՕՆԱԿ. προεόρτιος, ον profestus, festum diem praecedens. Նախապատրաստութիւն տօնի ʼի նախընթաց օրէ. հանդէս յառաջընթաց երեկոյին. եւ Որ ինչ հայի… … հայերեն բառարան (Armenian dictionary)
ՆԱԽԱՏՕՆԱԿ — ( ) NBH 2 0398 Chronological Sequence: Unknown date, Early classical, 5c, 6c, 12c, 13c գ.ա. ՆԱԽԱՏՕՆ ՆԱԽԱՏՕՆԱԿ. προεόρτιος, ον profestus, festum diem praecedens. Նախապատրաստութիւն տօնի ʼի նախընթաց օրէ. հանդէս յառաջընթաց երեկոյին. եւ Որ ինչ հայի ʼի … հայերեն բառարան (Armenian dictionary)
jour — Jour, m. Dies. Semble qu il vient de Diurnus, ostant la lettre d, et changeant i, voyele en i consonante. Les Hebrieux disent Iom, pour jour, dies, comme se dit aussi en aucunes provinces de ce Royaume où on dit es Joun, pour il est jour, Dies… … Thresor de la langue françoyse
ouvrier — Ouvrier, m. acut. Celuy qui oeuvre et fait de la main, mais en general se prend pour celuy qui entreprend à executer quelque chose, ores qu elle ne consiste en operation de la main. Selon ce on dit de celuy qui n a bien sceu conduire quelque… … Thresor de la langue françoyse
