production

ἀποτέλεσις

production: fem nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)

ἀποτελέσεϊ, ἀποτέλεσις

production: fem dat sg (epic)

ἀποτέλεσις

production: fem dat sg (attic ionic)

ἀποτελέω

bring to an end: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)

ἀποτελέω

bring to an end: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀποτελέω

bring to an end: fut ind act 3rd sg

ἀποτέλεσις

production: fem nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)

ἀποτελέσεϊ, ἀποτέλεσις

production: fem dat sg (epic)

ἀποτέλεσις

production: fem dat sg (attic ionic)

ἀποτελέω

bring to an end: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)

ἀποτελέω

bring to an end: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀποτελέω

bring to an end: fut ind act 3rd sg

ἐμποίησις

production: fem nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)

ἐμποιήσεϊ, ἐμποίησις

production: fem dat sg (epic)

ἐμποίησις

production: fem dat sg (attic ionic)

ἐμποιέω

make in: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)

ἐμποιέω

make in: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἐμποιέω

make in: fut ind act 3rd sg

ἐμποιέω

make in: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)

ἐμποιέω

make in: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἐμποιέω

make in: fut ind act 3rd sg

ἐμποίησις

production: fem nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)

ἐμποιήσεϊ, ἐμποίησις

production: fem dat sg (epic)

ἐμποίησις

production: fem dat sg (attic ionic)

ἐμποιέω

make in: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)

ἐμποιέω

make in: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἐμποιέω

make in: fut ind act 3rd sg

ἐμποιέω

make in: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)

ἐμποιέω

make in: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἐμποιέω

make in: fut ind act 3rd sg

ζωογονίᾱ, ζωογονία

production of animals: fem nom /voc /acc dual

ζωογονίᾱ, ζωογονία

production of animals: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)

ζωογονίᾱͅ, ζωογονία

production of animals: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

ζῳογονίᾱ, ζῳογονία

fem nom /voc /acc dual

ζῳογονίᾱ, ζῳογονία

fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)

ὑδρογονικός

of the production of water: neut nom /voc /acc pl

ὑδρογονικά̱, ὑδρογονικός

of the production of water: fem nom /voc /acc dual

ὑδρογονικά̱, ὑδρογονικός

of the production of water: fem nom /voc sg (doric aeolic)

ὑδρογονικός

of the production of water: neut nom /voc /acc pl

ὑδρογονικά̱, ὑδρογονικός

of the production of water: fem nom /voc /acc dual

ὑδρογονικά̱, ὑδρογονικός

of the production of water: fem nom /voc sg (doric aeolic)

ἐργᾰσ-ία, [dialect] Ion. -ιη, Cret. [full] ϝεργασία Leg.Gort.8.44, ἡ, ([etym.] ἐργάτης)

A work, business,

ἐργασίην φεύγουσα h.Merc. 486

, etc.; opp. ἀργία, X.Mem.2.7.7; ἐ. ἀγαθή productive labour, Id.Vect.4.29 ; ἐργασίᾳ ἐγχειρεῖν, of bees, Arist. HA 625b24 ; ἡ περὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἐ., of seamen, Pl.R. 371b ; μὴ γενομένης ἐργασίας if no work was done, D.27.20 ; δὸς ἐργασίαν, c. inf., Lat. da operam ut.., Ev.Luc.12.58, cf. OGI441.109 (SC. de Stratonicensibus, i B. C.): pl.,

τὰς ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ ἐ. ἐργάζεσθαι X.Oec.7.20

;

ἐ. ἀνελεύθεροι Arist.EN 1121b33

, cf. Epicur.Fr. 196 (dub.).

2 function,

ἥπατος Aret.SD1.15

.

II working at, making, manufacture, ἱματίων, ὑποδημάτων, etc., Pl.Grg. 449d, Tht. 146d, etc. ;

ἡ τῆς ἐσθῆτος ἐκ τῶν ἐρίων ἐ. X.Oec.7.21

; making up of a prescription, Hp.Ulc.14 : metaph., Πέργαμος ἀμφὶ τεαῖς χερὸς ἐργασίαις ἁλίσκεται Troy is (i.e. is doomed to be) taken in the part wrought by thy hands, Pi.O.8.42 ; ἐ. ἡδονῆς production of pleasure, Pl.Prt. 353d ; ἐ. χρημάτων money-making, Arist.EN 1160a16 (but administration of property, Leg.Gort. l.c.).

2 working of a material,

ἡ ἐ. τοῦ σιδήρου Hdt.1.68

; χαλκοῦ, ἐρίων, ξύλων, Pl.Chrm. 173e ;

τῶν χρυσείων μετάλλων Th.4.105

, cf. Hyp.Eux.36 ;

πίττης Thphr.HP9.2.6

: most commonly, tillage of the ground, ἐ. γῆς, χώρας, Ar.Ra. 1034(pl.), Isoc.7.30, etc.;

ἐ. κήπων Pl. Min. 316b

; ἐ. περὶ τὴν τροφήν preparation (i.e. mastication and digestion) of food, Arist.Juv. 469a3 ; treatment of silphium, Thphr.HP6.3.2

3 generally, trade, business, X.Mem.3.10.1 ; ἐπὶ τῆς ἐργασίας ὢν τῆς κατὰ θάλατταν engaged in trade by sea, D.33.4 ; ἡ ἐ. τῆς τραπέζης the banking business, Id.36.6 ; ἐ. χρυσοχοϊκή, ἀρωματική, PLond.3.906.6 (ii A.D.), PFay.93.7 (ii A.D.) ; βαφεῖς τὴν ἐ. dyers by trade, PTeb.287.3(ii A.D.); esp. of a courtesan's trade, Hdt.2.135, D.18.129 ; of sexual intercourse, Arist.Pr. 876a39.

b ἐὰν ἐργασίαν εὕρῃ ὁ οἰκέτης if a slave brings in earnings, Hyp.Ath.22.

4 practising, exercising,

τῶν τεχνῶν Pl.Grg. 450c

;

Κύπριδος AP5.218

(Paul. Sil.);

ἀκαθαρσίας Ep.Eph.4.19

.

5 work of art, production, τετράγωνος ἐ., of the Hermae, Th.6.27 (non legit Sch.); τῶν τειχῶν αἱ ἐργασίαι the fortification works, Id.7.6.

6 literary execution,

ἐ. ποιητική Phld. Po.5.11

; elaboration of a topic, Sch.Pi.P.2.24.

7 production of a play, Arg. Men.Oxy.1235.108.

III guild or company of workmen, ἡ ἐ. τῶν βαφέων Judeich Altertümer von Hierapolis50 ; ἐριοπλυτῶν ib. 40 ; ἐ. θρεμματική dub. sens., ib.227.

① maker of stage properties (acc. to Pollux 7, 189 the Old Comedy used the word as a synonym for μηχανοποιός=either a ‘stagehand’ who moved stage properties [as Aristoph., Pax 174] or a ‘manufacturer of stage properties’. Associated terms include σκηνογράφος Diog. L. 2, 125 and σκηνογραφία Arist., Poet. 1449a and Polyb. 12, 28a, 1, in ref. to painting of stage scenery) Ac 18:3. But if one understands σκηνή not as ‘scene’ but as ‘tent’ and considers it improbable that Prisca, Aquila, and Paul would have practiced such a trade in the face of alleged religious objections (s. Schürer II 54–55 on Jewish attitudes towards theatrical productions), one would follow the traditional rendering

② tentmaker. This interpretation has long enjoyed favor (s. Lampe s.v.; REB, NRSV; Hemer, Acts 119, 233), but several considerations militate against it. The term σκηνοποιός is not used outside the Bible (and its influence), except for Pollux (above) and Herm. Wr. 516, 10f=Stob. I, 463, 7ff. There it appears as an adj. and in a figurative sense concerning production of a dwelling appropriate for the soul. The context therefore clearly indicates a structure as the primary component, but in the absence of such a qualifier in Ac 18:3 it is necessary to take account of words and expressions that similarly contain the terms σκηνή and ποιεῖν. A survey of usage indicates that σκηνή appears freq. as the obj. of ποιέω in the sense ‘pitch’ or ‘erect a tent’ (s. ποιέω 1a; act. σκηνοποιέω Is 13:20 Sym. οὐδὲ σκηνοποιήσει ἐκεῖ ῎ Αραψ; 22:15 Sym.; mid. σκηνοποιέομαι Aristot., Meteor. 348b, 35; Clearch., Fgm. 48 W.; Polyb. 14, 1, 7; Diod S 3, 27, 4; Ps.-Callisth. 2, 9, 8.—Cp. σκηνοποιί̈α Aeneas Tact. 8, 3; Polyb. 6, 28, 3; ins, RevArch 3, ’34, 40; and acc. to the text. trad. of Dt 31:10 as an alternate expr. for σκηνοπηγία.—Ex 26:1, it is granted, offers clear evidence of use of the non-compounded σκηνή + ποιέω in the sense ‘produce’ or ‘manufacture [not pitch] a tent’, but the context makes the meaning unmistakable; cp. Herodian 7, 2, 4 on the building of rude housing). Analogously σκηνοποιός would mean ‘one who pitches or erects tents’, linguistically a more probable option than that of ‘tentmaker’, but in the passages cited for σκηνοποιέω and σκηνοποιί̈α components in the context (cp. the case for provision of housing in the Hermetic pass.) clearly point to the denotation ‘pitching of tents’, whereas Ac 18:3 lacks such a clear qualifier. Moreover, it is questionable whether residents of nomadic areas would depend on specialists to assist in such a common task (s. Mt 17:4 par. where a related kind of independent enterprise is mentioned).—That Prisca, Aquila, and Paul might have been engaged in the preparation of parts for the production of a tent is also improbable, since such tasks would have been left to their hired help. That they might have been responsible for putting a tent together out of various pieces is ruled out by the availability of the term σκηνορράφος (Ael., VH 2, 1 et al.; Bull. Inst. Arch. Bulg. 8, 69) in the sense of stitching together (the verb ἐπιτελεῖν Hb 8:5 does not support such a view, for it is not an alternate expr. for ‘production’ of a tent but denotes ‘completion’ of a project, connoting a strong sense of religious commitment; see ἐπιτελέω 2) in which the component ῥαφ-provides an unmistakable qualifier.—In modern times more consideration has been given to identification of Paul’s trade as ‘leather-worker’, an interpretation favored by numerous versions and patristic writings (s. Zahn, AG, ad loc.; L-S-J-M Suppl., s.v., as replacement for their earlier ‘tentmaker’; Haenchen, ad loc., after JJeremias, ZNW 30, ’31; Hock, s. below). As such he would make tents and other products from leather (Hock [s. below] 21). But this and other efforts at more precise definition, such as weaver of tent-cloth (a view no longer in fashion) may transmit reflections of awareness of local practice in lieu of semantic precision.—In the absence of any use of the term σκηνοποιός, beyond the pass. in Pollux and the Herm. Wr., and the lack of specific qualifiers in the text of Ac 18:3, one is left with the strong probability that Luke’s publics in urban areas, where theatrical productions were in abundance, would think of σκηνοποιός in ref. to matters theatrical (s. 1). In addition, Ac 20:34; 1 Cor 4:12; 1 Th 2:9; 2 Th 3:8 indicate that Paul’s work was of a technical nature and was carried out in metropolitan areas, where there would be large demand for such kind of work. What publics in other areas might understand is subject to greater question, for the evidence is primarily anecdotal.—JWeiss, Das Urchristentum 1917, 135; FGrosheide, Παῦλος σκηνοποιός: TSt 35, 1917, 241f; Zahn, AG II 632, 10; 634; Billerb. II 745–47; Beginn. IV, 223; PLampe, BZ 31, ’87, 211–21; RHock, The Social Context of Paul’s Ministry: Tentmaking and Apostleship ’80.—M-M. TW.

ἀποτέλεσις

production: fem nom /voc pl (attic epic)

ἀποτέλεσις

production: fem nom /acc pl (attic)

ἀποτελέω

bring to an end: aor subj act 2nd sg (epic)

ἀποτελέω

bring to an end: fut ind act 2nd sg

ἀποτέλεσις

production: fem nom /voc pl (attic epic)

ἀποτέλεσις

production: fem nom /acc pl (attic)

ἀποτελέω

bring to an end: aor subj act 2nd sg (epic)

ἀποτελέω

bring to an end: fut ind act 2nd sg

ἀργυροποιίᾱ, ἀργυροποιία

production of silver: fem nom /voc /acc dual

ἀργυροποιίᾱ, ἀργυροποιία

production of silver: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)

ἀργυροποιίᾱ, ἀργυροποιία

production of silver: fem nom /voc /acc dual

ἀργυροποιίᾱ, ἀργυροποιία

production of silver: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)

ἀργυροποιίᾱς, ἀργυροποιία

production of silver: fem acc pl

ἀργυροποιίᾱς, ἀργυροποιία

production of silver: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

ἀργυροποιίᾱς, ἀργυροποιία

production of silver: fem acc pl

ἀργυροποιίᾱς, ἀργυροποιία

production of silver: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

ἐμποίησις

production: fem nom /voc pl (attic epic)

ἐμποίησις

production: fem nom /acc pl (attic)

ἐμποιέω

make in: aor subj act 2nd sg (epic)

ἐμποιέω

make in: fut ind act 2nd sg

ἐμποιέω

make in: aor subj act 2nd sg (epic)

ἐμποιέω

make in: fut ind act 2nd sg

ἐμποίησις

production: fem nom /voc pl (attic epic)

ἐμποίησις

production: fem nom /acc pl (attic)

ἐμποιέω

make in: aor subj act 2nd sg (epic)

ἐμποιέω

make in: fut ind act 2nd sg

ἐμποιέω

make in: aor subj act 2nd sg (epic)

ἐμποιέω

make in: fut ind act 2nd sg

ζωογονίᾱς, ζωογονία

production of animals: fem acc pl

ζωογονίᾱς, ζωογονία

production of animals: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

ζῳογονίᾱς, ζῳογονία

fem acc pl

ζῳογονίᾱς, ζῳογονία

fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

κυοτοκίᾱς, κυοτοκία

production of young: fem acc pl

κυοτοκίᾱς, κυοτοκία

production of young: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

περισσογονίᾱ, περισσογονία

production of odd numbers: fem nom /voc /acc dual

περισσογονίᾱ, περισσογονία

production of odd numbers: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)