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process+demonstration

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1 process demonstration

подтверждение качества при данном процессе изготовления

The English-Russian dictionary on reliability and quality control > process demonstration
2 demostración

f.

1 demonstration, proof.

2 display, show, demonstration, demo.

3 public demonstration, mutiny, subversive assembly of demonstrators.

4 illustration, explanation, demonstration.

* * *

demostración

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) demonstration

■ hizo una demostración de su funcionamiento she demonstrated how it worked

2 (manifestación) show, display

■ una demostración deportiva a sports display

■ una demostración de cariño a show of love

3 MATEMÁTICAS proof

* * *

noun f.

1) demonstration

2) show, display

* * *

SF

1) (=comprobación) [de ejemplo, producto] demonstration; [de teorema, teoría] proof

hicieron una demostración del funcionamiento — they gave a demonstration of how it worked

demostración comercial — commercial exhibition, trade exhibition

2) (=manifestación externa) [de cariño, fuerza] show; [de amistad] gesture; [de cólera] display

* * *

femenino

a) ( de teorema) proof

b) (de poder, aptitudes) demonstration

grandes demostraciones de cariño — a great show o display of affection

c) (de producto, método) demonstration

* * *

= demonstration, manifestation, substantiation, tangible evidence, demo, reassurance, showroom demonstration, visual explanation.

Ex. Steinhagen conducted database searching demonstrations for information professionals and set the wheels in motion for the establishment of the country's first demonstration center of compact disc databases.

Ex. The concepts introduced by the colon: (colon) may be manifestations of either Personality, Matter or Energy facets within a given compound.

Ex. Written substantiation of this belief, from a wide variety of points of view, has become plentiful in the 1970s.

Ex. The chairwoman of the board had decided that as part of the screening process those who had successfully survived the initial winnowing should furnish the board with tangible evidence of how they might perform on a specific assignment.

Ex. Shareware, public domain software, and demos can legally be copied and distributed.

Ex. Such reassurance becomes particularly important if the inquirer has not sampled the file, either in a printed format or in browsing online.

Ex. While this may not be precisely the same application, it will still be a `real' situation, handling `real' data, and it will give a more accurate picture than a simple showroom demonstration.

Ex. Perhaps the most famous and certainly one of the oldest visual explanations in mathematics is the visual proof of the Pythagorean theorem.

----

* CD-ROM de demostración = CD sampler.

* demostración del hecho de que = evidence of the fact that.

* demostración de programa = software demo.

* demostración de software = software demo.

* demostración de teoremas = theorem proving.

* demostración técnica = technical presentation.

* disco de demostración = demonstration disc.

* hacer una demostración = give + demonstration.

* perfecta demostración = object lesson.

* * *

femenino

a) ( de teorema) proof

b) (de poder, aptitudes) demonstration

grandes demostraciones de cariño — a great show o display of affection

c) (de producto, método) demonstration

* * *

= demonstration, manifestation, substantiation, tangible evidence, demo, reassurance, showroom demonstration, visual explanation.

Ex: Steinhagen conducted database searching demonstrations for information professionals and set the wheels in motion for the establishment of the country's first demonstration center of compact disc databases.

Ex: The concepts introduced by the colon: (colon) may be manifestations of either Personality, Matter or Energy facets within a given compound.

Ex: Written substantiation of this belief, from a wide variety of points of view, has become plentiful in the 1970s.

Ex: The chairwoman of the board had decided that as part of the screening process those who had successfully survived the initial winnowing should furnish the board with tangible evidence of how they might perform on a specific assignment.

Ex: Shareware, public domain software, and demos can legally be copied and distributed.

Ex: Such reassurance becomes particularly important if the inquirer has not sampled the file, either in a printed format or in browsing online.

Ex: While this may not be precisely the same application, it will still be a `real' situation, handling `real' data, and it will give a more accurate picture than a simple showroom demonstration.

Ex: Perhaps the most famous and certainly one of the oldest visual explanations in mathematics is the visual proof of the Pythagorean theorem.

* CD-ROM de demostración = CD sampler.

* demostración del hecho de que = evidence of the fact that.

* demostración de programa = software demo.

* demostración de software = software demo.

* demostración de teoremas = theorem proving.

* demostración técnica = technical presentation.

* disco de demostración = demonstration disc.

* hacer una demostración = give + demonstration.

* perfecta demostración = object lesson.

* * *

demostración

feminine

1 (de un teorema) proof

2 (de poder, aptitudes) demonstration

lo recibieron con grandes demostraciones de cariño they welcomed him with a great show o display of affection

hicieron una demostración de sus habilidades artísticas they demonstrated their artistic ability

3 (de un producto, método) demonstration

* * *

demostración sustantivo femenino
demonstration;
( de teorema) proof
demostración sustantivo femenino
1 demonstration
una demostración de fuerza/afecto, a show of strength/ affection
2 (de una teoría) proof
' demostración' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
despliegue
- exhibición
- muestra
- prueba
English:
demo
- demonstration
- impartiality
- managerial
- show
- demonstrate
- display

* * *

demostración nf

1. [muestra] demonstration;

una demostración de cariño a demonstration of affection

2. [exhibición] display;

la policía hizo una demostración de fuerza ante los manifestantes the police made a show of force in front of the demonstrators

3. [del funcionamiento] demonstration;

hacer una demostración [de cómo funciona algo] to demonstrate, to give a demonstration;

me hizo una demostración de cómo preparar una paella he showed me how to make a paella

4. [matemática] proof

* * *

demostración

f

1 proof

2 de método demonstration

3 de fuerza, sentimiento show

* * *

demostración nf, pl - ciones : demonstration

* * *

demostración n

1. (enseñanza) demonstration

nos hizo una demostración de cómo funciona el programa he demonstrated how the program works

2. (muestra) show / display

una demostración de amistad a show of friendship

Spanish-English dictionary > demostración
3 stage

1. noun
1) (Theatre) Bühne, die

down/up stage — (position) vorne/hinten auf der Bühne; (direction) nach vorn/nach hinten

2) (fig.)

the stage — das Theater

go on the stage — zur Bühne od. zum Theater gehen

3) (part of process) Stadium, das; Phase, die

be at a late/critical stage — sich in einer späten/kritischen Phase befinden

at this stage — in diesem Stadium

do something in or by stages — etwas abschnittsweise od. nach und nach tun

in the final stages — in der Schlussphase

4) (raised platform) Gerüst, das

5) (of microscope) Mikroskoptisch, der

6) (fig.): (scene) Bühne, die

set the stage for somebody/something — jemandem den Weg ebnen/etwas in die Wege leiten

7) (distance) Etappe, die
2. transitive verb
1) (present) inszenieren

2) (arrange) veranstalten [Wettkampf, Ausstellung]; ausrichten [Veranstaltung]; organisieren [Streik]; bewerkstelligen [Rückzug]

* * *
I 1. [stei‹] noun
(a raised platform especially for performing or acting on, eg in a theatre.) die Bühne
2. verb
1) (to prepare and produce (a play etc) in a theatre etc: This play was first staged in 1928.) inszenieren

2) (to organize (an event etc): The protesters are planning to stage a demonstration.) in Szene setzen

•

- academic.ru/70160/staging">staging
- stage direction
- stage fright
- stagehand
- stage manager
- stagestruck II [stei‹]
1) (a period or step in the development of something: The plan is in its early stages; At this stage, we don't know how many survivors there are.) das Stadium

2) (part of a journey: The first stage of our journey will be the flight to Singapore.) die Etappe

3) (a section of a bus route.) die Strecke

4) (a section of a rocket.) die Stufe

•

- stagecoach

* * *

stage

[steɪʤ]

I. n

1. (period) Etappe f, Station f

\stage in the process Prozessschritt m

crucial \stage entscheidende Phase

early \stage Frühphase f

editing \stage Drucklegung f

final [or last] \stage Endphase f, Endstadium nt

first [or initial] \stage Anfangsphase f

late \stage Spätphase f

to be at [or reach] the \stage where... an dem Punkt sein [o den Punkt erreichen], an dem...

to go through a \stage eine [bestimmte] Phase durchmachen

at some \stage irgendwann

to do sth in \stages etw in Etappen [o etappenweise] [o in einzelnen Schritten] tun

2. of a journey, race Etappe f, Abschnitt m

3. of a rocket [Raketen]triebwerk nt

three-\stage rocket Dreistufenrakete f

4. ELEC Schaltstufe f, Verstärkerstufe f

5. ( hist) see stagecoach

6. THEAT (platform) Bühne f

to go on \stage die Bühne betreten

to take the \stage auftreten

to take centre \stage ( fig) im Mittelpunkt [des Interesses] stehen

7. (profession)

▪ the \stage die Bühne

the London \stage das Londoner Theater

to be on the \stage auf der Bühne stehen

to go to the \stage zum Theater gehen

8. (scene) Geschehen nt kein pl

the world \stage die [ganze] Welt

the political \stage die politische Bühne

9. (on microscope) Objektträger m

10. GEOL Stufe f

II. vt

1. THEAT

▪ to \stage sth etw aufführen

to \stage a concert ein Konzert geben [o geh veranstalten]

to \stage a play/an opera ein Theaterstück/eine Oper aufführen [o inszenieren

2. (organize)

to \stage a comeback ein Comeback starten

to \stage a congress/meeting einen Kongress/eine Tagung veranstalten

to \stage a coup d'état einen Staatsstreich durchführen

to \stage a match ein Spiel austragen

to \stage the Olympic Games die Olympischen Spiele ausrichten

to \stage a party eine Party geben

to \stage a recovery eine Erholung[sphase] einleiten

to \stage a strike/a demonstration einen Streik/eine Demonstration organisieren [o inszenieren]

to \stage war games ein Manöver abhalten

3. MED

to \stage a patient/disease einen Patienten/eine Krankheit diagnostisch einordnen

III. n modifier (career, curtain, version) Bühnen-

\stage adaptation Bühnenfassung f

\stage crew Bühnenteam nt

\stage scenery Kulisse[n] f[pl]

\stage setting Bühnenbild nt

* * *
[steɪdZ]
1. n

1) (THEAT fig) Bühne f

to be on/go on/leave the stage (as career) — beim Theater sein/zum Theater gehen/das Theater verlassen

to go on stage (actor) — die Bühne betreten; (play) anfangen

to come off stage, to leave the stage — von der Bühne abtreten

to put a play on the stage — ein Stück aufführen or auf die Bühne bringen

to write for the stage — Theater- or Bühnenstücke schreiben

to adapt a novel for the stage —

to hold or dominate the stage (lit, fig) — die Szene beherrschen

the stage was set (lit) — das Bühnenbild war aufgebaut; (fig) alles war vorbereitet

to set the stage for sth (fig) — den Weg für etw bereiten

the stage was set for a confrontation — die Situation war reif für eine Auseinandersetzung

2) (= platform in hall) Podium nt

3) (= period) Stadium nt; (of process, operation, development) Phase f

at this stage such a thing is impossible — zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt ist das unmöglich

at this stage in the negotiations — an diesem Punkt der Verhandlungen

at this stage in the game (fig) — zu diesem Zeitpunkt

in the early/final stage(s) — im Anfangs-/Endstadium

at an early stage in its history — ganz zu Anfang seiner Geschichte

what stage is your thesis at? —

I'm at the talking stage with the club — ich befinde mich mit dem Klub gerade in Gesprächen

we have reached a stage where... — wir sind an einem Punkt angelangt, wo...

to go through a difficult stage — eine schwierige Phase durchmachen

to be at the experimental stage — im Versuchsstadium sein

4) (= part of journey, race etc) Abschnitt m, Etappe f; (= fare stage) Teilstrecke f, Fahrzone f; (= actual bus stop) Zahlgrenze f

in or by ( easy) stages (lit) — etappenweise; (fig also) Schritt für Schritt

5) (= section of rocket) Stufe f

a three-stage rocket — eine dreistufige Rakete

6) (old inf: stagecoach) Postkutsche f

2. vt
play aufführen, auf die Bühne bringen; competition, event durchführen; accident, scene, coup inszenieren; welcome arrangieren; demonstration, strike, protest etc veranstalten
to stage a recovery — sich erholen

to stage a comeback — sein Come-back or Comeback machen

the play is staged in the 19th century — das Stück spielt im 19. Jahrhundert

stageed reading — Bühnenlesung f, dramatische Lesung

* * *

stage [steıdʒ]

A s

1. TECH Bühne f, Gerüst n

2. Podium n

3. THEAT Bühne f (auch fig Theaterwelt oder Bühnenlaufbahn):

the stage fig die Bühne, das Theater;

be on the stage Schauspieler(in) oder beim Theater sein;

go on the stage zur Bühne gehen;

hold the stage sich halten (Theaterstück);

put on (the) stage → B 1;

be put on (the) stage zur Aufführung gelangen oder kommen;

set the stage for fig

a) die Voraussetzungen schaffen für,

b) einen (entsprechenden) Rahmen geben (dat); → hold² B 13

4. fig Bühne f, Schauplatz m:

move off the political stage von der politischen Bühne abtreten

5. HIST

a) (Post)Station f

b) Postkutsche f

6. Br Teilstrecke f, Fahrzone f (Bus etc)

7. (Reise)Abschnitt m, Etappe f (auch Radsport etc und fig):

by ( oder in) (easy) stages etappenweise, fig a. Schritt für Schritt

8. auch BIOL, WIRTSCH, MED Stadium n, Stufe f, Phase f:

critical stage kritisches Stadium;

experimental (initial, intermediate) stage Versuchs-(Anfangs-, Zwischen)stadium;

at this stage

a) zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt,

b) in diesem Stadium;

at this early stage schon jetzt, bereits heute;

be in its early stages im Anfangs- oder Frühstadium sein;

stages pl of appeal JUR Instanzenweg m

9. ARCH (Bau)Abschnitt m

10. GEOL Stufe f (einer Formation)

11. Objekttisch m (am Mikroskop)

12. ELEK Verstärkerstufe f

13. TECH Stufe f (auch einer Rakete)

14. TECH Farbläufer m

15. US Höhe f des Wasserspiegels (eines Flusses)

B v/t

1. a) auf die Bühne oder zur Aufführung bringen, inszenieren:

be staged zur Aufführung gelangen oder kommen

b) für die Bühne bearbeiten

2. a) eine Ausstellung etc veranstalten

b) eine Demonstration etc inszenieren, durchführen, aufziehen

3. TECH (be)rüsten

4. MIL US durchschleusen

* * *
1. noun
1) (Theatre) Bühne, die

down/up stage — (position) vorne/hinten auf der Bühne; (direction) nach vorn/nach hinten

2) (fig.)

the stage — das Theater

go on the stage — zur Bühne od. zum Theater gehen

3) (part of process) Stadium, das; Phase, die

be at a late/critical stage — sich in einer späten/kritischen Phase befinden

at this stage — in diesem Stadium

do something in or by stages — etwas abschnittsweise od. nach und nach tun

in the final stages — in der Schlussphase

4) (raised platform) Gerüst, das

5) (of microscope) Mikroskoptisch, der

6) (fig.): (scene) Bühne, die

set the stage for somebody/something — jemandem den Weg ebnen/etwas in die Wege leiten

7) (distance) Etappe, die
2. transitive verb
1) (present) inszenieren

2) (arrange) veranstalten [Wettkampf, Ausstellung]; ausrichten [Veranstaltung]; organisieren [Streik]; bewerkstelligen [Rückzug]

* * *

n.

Bühne -n f.

Etappe -n f.

Podium -en n.

Schauplatz m.

Stadium -en n.

Stufe -n f. v.

inszenieren v.

veranstalten v.

English-german dictionary > stage
4 encabezar

v.

1 to headline.

2 to head (lista, carta).

El caballero encabezó la batalla The knight headed the battle.

3 to lead.

4 to lead off, to spearhead.

El general obeso encabezaba el grupo The fat general led off the group.

* * *

encabezar

Conjugation model [ REALIZAR], like realizar

► verbo transitivo

1 (carta, lista) to head

2 (acaudillar) to lead

3 DEPORTE (carrera) to lead; (clasificación) to head, top

* * *

verb

1) to head, lead

2) put a heading

* * *

VT

1) [+ movimiento, revolución, partido, delegación] to lead

dirigentes sindicalistas encabezaban la manifestación — union leaders led the demonstration

2) [+ lista, liga] to head, be at the top of

el Betis encabeza la clasificación de la Liga — Betis are at the top of o heading the League

el ciclista español encabeza la carrera — the Spanish cyclist is in the lead

3) [+ carta, artículo] to head

la cita que encabeza el artículo — the quotation heading the article

4) [+ vino] to fortify

5) †† [+ población] to register ( for tax purposes)

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <artículo/escrito> to head

2)

a) <liga/clasificación/lista> to head, be at the top of; <carrera/movimento/revolución> to lead

una pancarta encabezaba la manifestación — the demonstration was headed by a banner

b) <delegación/comité> to head, lead

* * *

= enter, head, label with + a heading, lead, spearhead, head, lead off, headline, top.

Ex. Texts published with commentary are entered under the commentator if the commentary is emphasised.

Ex. Paragraphs headed 'results', 'conclusions', 'recommendations', 'discussion', 'future work' are often fruitful sources of material for inclusion in an abstract.

Ex. Each file will be labelled with a heading which corresponds with the material to be organised.

Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.

Ex. STN International is a host arrangement being spearheaded by Chemical Abstracts Services.

Ex. A stickler for details, sometimes to the point of compulsion, Edmonds was deemed a fortuitous choice to head the monumental reorganization process.

Ex. Laurence Prusak will lead off the guest lectures on Monday, August 20th.

Ex. Leading technology visionaries will headline this annual knowledge community event.

Ex. Google, Yahoo!, MSN Search and Ask Jeeves top the list of information sources respondents thought provide worthwhile information = Google, Yahoo!, MSN Search and Ask Jeeves encabezan la lista de fuentes que los encuestados consideran ofrecen información pertinente.

----

* encabezar la lista = top + the list.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <artículo/escrito> to head

2)

a) <liga/clasificación/lista> to head, be at the top of; <carrera/movimento/revolución> to lead

una pancarta encabezaba la manifestación — the demonstration was headed by a banner

b) <delegación/comité> to head, lead

* * *

= enter, head, label with + a heading, lead, spearhead, head, lead off, headline, top.

Ex: Texts published with commentary are entered under the commentator if the commentary is emphasised.

Ex: Paragraphs headed 'results', 'conclusions', 'recommendations', 'discussion', 'future work' are often fruitful sources of material for inclusion in an abstract.

Ex: Each file will be labelled with a heading which corresponds with the material to be organised.

Ex: A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.

Ex: STN International is a host arrangement being spearheaded by Chemical Abstracts Services.

Ex: A stickler for details, sometimes to the point of compulsion, Edmonds was deemed a fortuitous choice to head the monumental reorganization process.

Ex: Laurence Prusak will lead off the guest lectures on Monday, August 20th.

Ex: Leading technology visionaries will headline this annual knowledge community event.

Ex: Google, Yahoo!, MSN Search and Ask Jeeves top the list of information sources respondents thought provide worthwhile information = Google, Yahoo!, MSN Search and Ask Jeeves encabezan la lista de fuentes que los encuestados consideran ofrecen información pertinente.

* encabezar la lista = top + the list.

* * *

encabezar [A4 ]

vt

A ‹artículo/escrito› to head

B

1 ‹liga/clasificación› to head, top, be at the top of; ‹carrera› to lead

el francés encabezó la carrera durante casi una hora the Frenchman led the race o was in the lead for almost an hour

una pancarta enorme encabezaba la manifestación the demonstration was headed by a huge banner, there was a huge banner at the head of the demonstration

2 ‹lista/candidatura› to head, be at the top of; ‹delegación/comité› to head, lead

3 ‹movimiento/revolución› to lead

* * *

encabezar ( conjugate encabezar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹artículo/escrito› to head
2
a) ‹liga/clasificación/lista› to head, be at the top of;

‹carrera/movimento/revolución› to lead
b) ‹delegación/comité› to head, lead

encabezar verbo transitivo
1 (una manifestación, protesta) to lead
2 Dep to be at the top, lead: los gimnastas ucranianos encabezan la clasificación, the Ucranian gymnasts are at the top of the classification table
3 (una lista) to head
(un periódico) to lead
' encabezar' also found in these entries:
English:
bill
- head
- lead
- spearhead
- top
- spear

* * *

encabezar vt

1. [marcha, manifestación, carrera] to lead;

encabezar la competición to be in first place o in the lead in the competition;

el Real encabeza la clasificación Real is at the top of the league

2. [revuelta, movimiento, campaña] to lead;
[comisión, delegación, misión] to head
3. [carta] to begin, to open;
[escrito, lista, apartado] to head; [artículo de periódico] to headline
4. [libro] to write the foreword for

5. [vino] to fortify

* * *

encabezar

v/t head; movimiento, revolución lead

* * *

encabezar {21} vt

1) : to head, to lead

2) : to put a heading on

* * *

encabezar vb

1. (manifestación, carta) to head

el alcalde encabezaba la procesión the mayor headed the procession

2. (clasificación, lista) to be at the top of

mi equipo encabeza la clasificación my team is at the top of the table

3. (carrera) to be in the lead

¿qué ciclista encabeza la carrera? which cyclist is in the lead?

Spanish-English dictionary > encabezar
5 Knowledge

   1) To Exist Is to Be Perceived

   It is indeed an opinion strangely prevailing amongst men, that houses, mountains, rivers, and, in a word, all sensible objects, have an existence, natural or real, distinct from their being perceived by the understanding. But, with how great an assurance and acquiescence soever this principle may be entertained in the world, yet whoever shall find in his heart to call it into question may, if I mistake not, perceive it to involve a manifest contradiction. For, what are the forementioned objects but things we perceive by sense? and what do we perceive besides our own ideas or sensations? and is it not plainly repugnant that any one of these, or any combination of them, should exist unperceived? (Berkeley, 1996, Pt. I, No. 4, p. 25)

   2) Abstract Science or Demonstration Is a More Perfect Species of Knowledge

   It seems to me that the only objects of the abstract sciences or of demonstration are quantity and number, and that all attempts to extend this more perfect species of knowledge beyond these bounds are mere sophistry and illusion. As the component parts of quantity and number are entirely similar, their relations become intricate and involved; and nothing can be more curious, as well as useful, than to trace, by a variety of mediums, their equality or inequality, through their different appearances.

   But as all other ideas are clearly distinct and different from each other, we can never advance farther, by our utmost scrutiny, than to observe this diversity, and, by an obvious reﬂection, pronounce one thing not to be another. Or if there be any difficulty in these decisions, it proceeds entirely from the undeterminate meaning of words, which is corrected by juster definitions. That the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the squares of the other two sides cannot be known, let the terms be ever so exactly defined, without a train of reasoning and enquiry. But to convince us of this proposition, that where there is no property, there can be no injustice, it is only necessary to define the terms, and explain injustice to be a violation of property. This proposition is, indeed, nothing but a more imperfect definition. It is the same case with all those pretended syllogistical reasonings, which may be found in every other branch of learning, except the sciences of quantity and number; and these may safely, I think, be pronounced the only proper objects of knowledge and demonstration. (Hume, 1975, Sec. 12, Pt. 3, pp. 163-165)

   3) Knowledge Derives from Two Fundamental Sources of the Mind

   Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts).

   Through the first, an object is given to us; through the second, the object is thought in relation to that representation.... Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge, so that neither concepts without intuition in some way corresponding to them, nor intuition without concepts, can yield knowledge. Both may be either pure or empirical.... Pure intuitions or pure concepts are possible only a priori; empirical intuitions and empirical concepts only a posteriori. If the receptivity of our mind, its power of receiving representations in so far as it is in any way affected, is to be called "sensibility," then the mind's power of producing representations from itself, the spontaneity of knowledge, should be called "understanding." Our nature is so constituted that our intuitions can never be other than sensible; that is, it contains only the mode in which we are affected by objects. The faculty, on the other hand, which enables us to think the object of sensible intuition is the understanding.... Without sensibility, no object would be given to us; without understanding, no object would be thought. Thoughts without content are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind. It is therefore just as necessary to make our concepts sensible, that is, to add the object to them in intuition, as to make our intuitions intelligible, that is to bring them under concepts. These two powers or capacities cannot exchange their functions. The understanding can intuit nothing, the senses can think nothing. Only through their union can knowledge arise. (Kant, 1933, Sec. 1, Pt. 2, B74-75 [p. 92])

   4) The Means by Which Metaphysics Can Be Perfected as a Science

   Metaphysics, as a natural disposition of Reason is real, but it is also, in itself, dialectical and deceptive.... Hence to attempt to draw our principles from it, and in their employment to follow this natural but none the less fallacious illusion can never produce science, but only an empty dialectical art, in which one school may indeed outdo the other, but none can ever attain a justifiable and lasting success. In order that, as a science, it may lay claim not merely to deceptive persuasion, but to insight and conviction, a Critique of Reason must exhibit in a complete system the whole stock of conceptions a priori, arranged according to their different sources-the Sensibility, the understanding, and the Reason; it must present a complete table of these conceptions, together with their analysis and all that can be deduced from them, but more especially the possibility of synthetic knowledge a priori by means of their deduction, the principles of its use, and finally, its boundaries....

   This much is certain: he who has once tried criticism will be sickened for ever of all the dogmatic trash he was compelled to content himself with before, because his Reason, requiring something, could find nothing better for its occupation. Criticism stands to the ordinary school metaphysics exactly in the same relation as chemistry to alchemy, or as astron omy to fortune-telling astrology. I guarantee that no one who has comprehended and thought out the conclusions of criticism, even in these Prolegomena, will ever return to the old sophistical pseudo-science. He will rather look forward with a kind of pleasure to a metaphysics, certainly now within his power, which requires no more preparatory discoveries, and which alone can procure for reason permanent satisfaction. (Kant, 1891, pp. 115-116)

   5) Knowledge Is Only Real in the Form of System

   Knowledge is only real and can only be set forth fully in the form of science, in the form of system. Further, a so-called fundamental proposition or first principle of philosophy, even if it is true, it is yet none the less false, just because and in so far as it is merely a fundamental proposition, merely a first principle. It is for that reason easily refuted. The refutation consists in bringing out its defective character; and it is defective because it is merely the universal, merely a principle, the beginning. If the refutation is complete and thorough, it is derived and developed from the nature of the principle itself, and not accomplished by bringing in from elsewhere other counter-assurances and chance fancies. It would be strictly the development of the principle, and thus the completion of its deficiency, were it not that it misunderstands its own purport by taking account solely of the negative aspect of what it seeks to do, and is not conscious of the positive character of its process and result. The really positive working out of the beginning is at the same time just as much the very reverse: it is a negative attitude towards the principle we start from. Negative, that is to say, in its one-sided form, which consists in being primarily immediate, a mere purpose. It may therefore be regarded as a refutation of what constitutes the basis of the system; but more correctly it should be looked at as a demonstration that the basis or principle of the system is in point of fact merely its beginning. (Hegel, 1910, pp. 21-22)

   6) Knowledge, Action, and Evaluation Are Interconnected

   Knowledge, action, and evaluation are essentially connected. The primary and pervasive significance of knowledge lies in its guidance of action: knowing is for the sake of doing. And action, obviously, is rooted in evaluation. For a being which did not assign comparative values, deliberate action would be pointless; and for one which did not know, it would be impossible. Conversely, only an active being could have knowledge, and only such a being could assign values to anything beyond his own feelings. A creature which did not enter into the process of reality to alter in some part the future content of it, could apprehend a world only in the sense of intuitive or esthetic contemplation; and such contemplation would not possess the significance of knowledge but only that of enjoying and suffering. (Lewis, 1946, p. 1)

   7) The Evolution of Knowledge

   "Evolutionary epistemology" is a branch of scholarship that applies the evolutionary perspective to an understanding of how knowledge develops. Knowledge always involves getting information. The most primitive way of acquiring it is through the sense of touch: amoebas and other simple organisms know what happens around them only if they can feel it with their "skins." The knowledge such an organism can have is strictly about what is in its immediate vicinity. After a huge jump in evolution, organisms learned to find out what was going on at a distance from them, without having to actually feel the environment. This jump involved the development of sense organs for processing information that was farther away. For a long time, the most important sources of knowledge were the nose, the eyes, and the ears. The next big advance occurred when organisms developed memory. Now information no longer needed to be present at all, and the animal could recall events and outcomes that happened in the past. Each one of these steps in the evolution of knowledge added important survival advantages to the species that was equipped to use it.

   Then, with the appearance in evolution of humans, an entirely new way of acquiring information developed. Up to this point, the processing of information was entirely intrasomatic.... But when speech appeared (and even more powerfully with the invention of writing), information processing became extrasomatic. After that point knowledge did not have to be stored in the genes, or in the memory traces of the brain; it could be passed on from one person to another through words, or it could be written down and stored on a permanent substance like stone, paper, or silicon chips-in any case, outside the fragile and impermanent nervous system. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1993, pp. 56-57)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Knowledge
6 desarrollarse

desarrollarse

► verbo pronominal

1 (crecer) to develop

2 (transcurrir) to take place

■ la novela se desarrolla en el siglo XIX the novel is set in the 19th century

■ la representación se desarrolló perfectamente the performance went off without a hitch

* * *

to take place

* * *

VPR

1) (=madurar) [adolescente] to develop, reach puberty; [planta, animal] to develop, reach maturity; [país] to develop

2) (=ocurrir) [suceso, reunión] to take place; [trama] to unfold, develop

la acción de la película se desarrolla en Roma — the action in the film takes place in Rome

la manifestación se desarrolló sin incidentes — the demonstration passed off without incident

3) (=desenrollarse) [algo enrollado] to unroll; [algo plegado] to unfold, open (out)

* * *

(v.) = proceed, grow, build up, burgeon, unfold, grow up, come up, shape up

Ex. Instructions should be clear and unambiguous, and they should proceed in a logical manner.

Ex. No true reader can be expected to grow on a diet of prescribed texts only regardless of how well chosen they are.

Ex. The third thing I'm perturbed about is this general atmosphere of negativism which seems to be building up.

Ex. The other principal omission from UNESCO's 1950 listing was report literature -- a field of published record which has burgeoned in the last thirty years = La otra omisión principal de la lista de 1950 de la UNESCO fueron los informes, un área que se ha desarrollado en los últimos treinta años.

Ex. Research in any scientific field can never be neutral: the process is initially motivated by the researcher's own questioning of perceived realities, and unfolds in a particular historical moment, subject to the social, political and ideological influences of that context.

Ex. In the 1920s and 30s factory libraries grew up in all types of industries, particularly textile industries, but their size and quality varied.

Ex. Do you feel that we should stay with our old number-crunching, inefficient system or switch to voice transmission, which seems to be coming up fairly fast?.

Ex. A major war may be shaping up over videotex advertising between cable television operators and the telephone companies.

* * *

(v.) = proceed, grow, build up, burgeon, unfold, grow up, come up, shape up

Ex: Instructions should be clear and unambiguous, and they should proceed in a logical manner.

Ex: No true reader can be expected to grow on a diet of prescribed texts only regardless of how well chosen they are.

Ex: The third thing I'm perturbed about is this general atmosphere of negativism which seems to be building up.

Ex: The other principal omission from UNESCO's 1950 listing was report literature -- a field of published record which has burgeoned in the last thirty years = La otra omisión principal de la lista de 1950 de la UNESCO fueron los informes, un área que se ha desarrollado en los últimos treinta años.

Ex: Research in any scientific field can never be neutral: the process is initially motivated by the researcher's own questioning of perceived realities, and unfolds in a particular historical moment, subject to the social, political and ideological influences of that context.

Ex: In the 1920s and 30s factory libraries grew up in all types of industries, particularly textile industries, but their size and quality varied.

Ex: Do you feel that we should stay with our old number-crunching, inefficient system or switch to voice transmission, which seems to be coming up fairly fast?.

Ex: A major war may be shaping up over videotex advertising between cable television operators and the telephone companies.

* * *

■desarrollarse verbo reflexivo
1 (crecer una persona, enfermedad, etc) to develop
2 (suceder, tener lugar) to take place: el espectáculo se desarrolló en un parque público, the show took place in a park
' desarrollarse' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
evolucionar
- desarrollar
- formar
- ir
English:
develop
- evolve
- progress
- shape up
- smoothly
- unfold
- grow
- mature
- shape

* * *

vpr

1. [crecer, mejorar] to develop;

la proteína es imprescindible para desarrollarse protein is essential for development o growth

2. [suceder] [reunión, encuentro, manifestación] to take place;
[película, obra, novela] to be set;
la manifestación se desarrolló sin incidentes the demonstration went off without incident;

la acción de la novela se desarrolla en el siglo XIX the novel is set in the 19th century

3. [evolucionar] to develop;

¿cómo se desarrollarán los acontecimientos? how will events develop?

* * *

desarrollarse

v/r

1 develop, evolve

2 ( ocurrir) take place

* * *

vr

: to take place

* * *

desarrollarse vb

1. (en general) to develop

el niño se desarrolla con toda normalidad the baby is developing normally

2. (suceder) to take place [pt. took; pp. taken] / to go off

la manifestación se desarrolló sin incidentes the demonstration went off without incident

Spanish-English dictionary > desarrollarse
7 adhesión

f.

1 adhesion, cling, adherence, cohesion.

2 attachment.

3 affiliation, espousal, accession.

4 adhesion, sticking.

* * *

adhesión

► nombre femenino

1 adhesion, adherence

2 (apoyo) support

* * *

SF (Téc) adhesion; (=apoyo) adherence, support; (=afiliación) membership

* * *

femenino

a) ( a una superficie) adhesion

b) ( apoyo) support

muestras de adhesión — demonstration of support

su adhesión al proceso democrático — his support of o adherence to the democratic process

c) ( a una organización) joining; ( a un tratado) accession (frml)

con la adhesión de Turquía a la organización — when Turkey joins (o joined etc) the organization

d) ( contribución) donation

* * *

= adherence, attachment, adhesion.

Ex. Superior cataloguing may result, since more consistency and closer adherence to standard codes are likely to emerge with cataloguers who spend all of their time cataloguing, than with a librarian who tackles cataloguing as one of various professional tasks.

Ex. Librarians have affirmed their attachment to freedom of expression.

Ex. Microbiological action contributes to loss of adhesion and blistering of anticorrosive organic coatings.

----

* adhesión a = espousal of.

* carta de adhesión = letter of support.

* * *

femenino

a) ( a una superficie) adhesion

b) ( apoyo) support

muestras de adhesión — demonstration of support

su adhesión al proceso democrático — his support of o adherence to the democratic process

c) ( a una organización) joining; ( a un tratado) accession (frml)

con la adhesión de Turquía a la organización — when Turkey joins (o joined etc) the organization

d) ( contribución) donation

* * *

= adherence, attachment, adhesion.

Ex: Superior cataloguing may result, since more consistency and closer adherence to standard codes are likely to emerge with cataloguers who spend all of their time cataloguing, than with a librarian who tackles cataloguing as one of various professional tasks.

Ex: Librarians have affirmed their attachment to freedom of expression.

Ex: Microbiological action contributes to loss of adhesion and blistering of anticorrosive organic coatings.

* adhesión a = espousal of.

* carta de adhesión = letter of support.

* * *

adhesión

feminine

1 (a una superficie) adhesion

2

(apoyo): recibí miles de muestras de adhesión I received thousands of letters of support

su adhesión al proceso democrático his commitment o steadfast adherence to the democratic process

3 (a una organización) joining; (a un tratado) accession ( frml)

criticaron su adhesión al grupo his joining the group was criticized

con la adhesión de Turquía a la organización when Turkey joins ( o joined etc) the organization

4 (contribución) donation

* * *

adhesión sustantivo femenino
a) ( a una superficie) adhesion

b) ( apoyo) support

c) ( a una organización) joining

adhesión sustantivo femenino
1 adhesion
(apoyo) support
2 (a un partido) joining
(a una teoría) adherence
3 (adherencia) adhesion
' adhesión' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adherencia
English:
support
- bond

* * *

adhesión nf

1. [a opinión, idea] support (a of);
aplaudieron su adhesión a los principios democráticos they applauded his commitment to democracy;

su propuesta recibió pocas adhesiones her proposal found few supporters

2. [a una organización] entry (a into)

3. Fís adhesion

* * *

adhesión

f FÍS adhesion

* * *

adhesión nf, pl - siones

1) : adhesion

2) : attachment, commitment (to a cause, etc.)

Spanish-English dictionary > adhesión
8 проявление

1) General subject: demonstration (симпатии и т. п.), development, display (смелости и т. п.), exercise, exercitation, exertion (силы воли, терпения), exhibition, hospitalities, loose, manifestation, ostent (чего-л.), show, testament, outpouring (чувств, настроений и т.п.), aspect

2) Geology: occurrence

3) Biology: display (напр. признака), efficiency, onset (болезни)

4) Naval: development (фотоснимка)

5) Medicine: appearance, development (напр. рентгеновской пленки), evidence, presentation (о симптоме заболевания)

6) Military: development (фотоснимков)

7) Psychiatry: domain (болезни)

8) Engineering: developing process, toning (скрытого электрофотографического изображения)

9) Construction: development (фото)

10) Cinema: developing

11) Metallurgy: development (фотоматериала)

12) Polygraphy: developing operation, development during fixing, processing, toning (электрофотографического изображения)

13) Electronics: conventional development

14) Oil: demonstration (напр. симптомов отказа), emersion, ingress, kick (приток в ствол скважины пластовых флюидов), show (нефти или газа в скважине)

15) Astronautics: exhibiting

16) Cartography: photo development

17) Advertising: emergence

18) Patents: development (напр. фотоматериалов)

19) Business: manifest

20) Sakhalin energy glossary: backflow (приток в скважину пластовых флюидов), kick (приток в ствол скважины пластовых флюидов)

21) Oil&Gas technology showing

22) Polymers: development (фотоплёнки)

23) Robots: demonstration (напр симптомов отказа)

24) Makarov: consequence, demonstration (св-в, признаков), developing (фото), development (плёнки), development (фотоматериалов), expression (напр. признака), peep

25) Gold mining: exposure

26) oil&gas: flow

27) Logistics: manifesting

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > проявление
9 stage

I
1. stei‹ noun
(a raised platform especially for performing or acting on, eg in a theatre.)

2. verb
1) (to prepare and produce (a play etc) in a theatre etc: This play was first staged in 1928.)

2) (to organize (an event etc): The protesters are planning to stage a demonstration.)

•

- staging
- stage direction
- stage fright
- stagehand
- stage manager
- stagestruck
II stei‹
1) (a period or step in the development of something: The plan is in its early stages; At this stage, we don't know how many survivors there are.)

2) (part of a journey: The first stage of our journey will be the flight to Singapore.)

3) (a section of a bus route.)

4) (a section of a rocket.)

•

- stagecoach

stage n

1. etapa / fase

the new road is at the planning stage la nueva carretera está en fase de planificación

2. escenario

the audience went crazy when the band came on stage el público enloqueció cuando el grupo salió al escenario

to go on the stage hacerse actor

stage

tr[steɪʤ]

noun

1 (point, period) etapa, fase nombre femenino

■ at this stage of the negotiations a estas alturas de las negociaciones

■ corrections can be done at a later stage se pueden hacer las correcciones más adelante

■ the project is still in its early stages el proyecto está aún en pañales

■ it's just a stage she's going through ya superará esa fase

2 (of journey, race) etapa; (day's journey) jornada

3 (in theatre) escenario, escena; (raised platform) plataforma, tablado, estrado

■ what time do you go on stage? ¿a qué hora sales al escenario?

4 figurative use (scene of action) escena

5 (of rocket) fase nombre femenino

6 familiar (stagecoach) diligencia

transitive verb

1 SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL poner en escena, montar, representar

2 (hold, carry out) llevar a cabo, efectuar; (arrange) organizar, montar

noun the stage

1 (the theatre) el teatro, las tablas nombre femenino plural

■ she's always wanted to go on the stage siempre ha querido ser actriz

■ his novel has been adapted for the stage se ha adaptado su novela para el teatro

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

by stages / in stages por etapas

to set the stage for something crear el marco para algo

stage direction acotación nombre femenino

stage door entrada de artistas

stage fright miedo a salir a escena, miedo escénico

stage manager director,-ra de escena

stage name nombre nombre masculino artístico

stage whisper aparte nombre masculino

stage ['steɪʤ] vt, staged ; staging : poner en escena (una obra de teatro)

stage n

1) platform: estrado m, tablado m, escenario m (de un teatro)

2) phase, step: fase f, etapa f

stage of development: fase de desarrollo

in stages: por etapas

3)

the stage : el teatro m

stage (Theater, TV)

n.

• escenario (ESP) s.m.

n.

• cadalso s.m.

• entablado s.m.

• escena s.f.

• estadio s.m.

• estrado s.m.

• etapa s.f.

• fase (Aeronáutica) s.f.

• jalón s.m.

• plataforma s.f.

• posta s.f.

• tablado s.m.

• tiempo s.m.

v.

• efectuar v.

• organizar v.

• representar v.

I steɪdʒ
noun

1)

a) ( platform) tablado m; ( in theater) escenario m

to go on stage — salir* a escena or al escenario

to set the stage for something — crear el marco para algo; (before n)

stage designer — escenógrafo, -fa m,f

stage door — entrada f de artistas

b) ( medium)

the stage — el teatro

c) ( profession)

the stage — el teatro, las tablas (period)

to go on the stage — hacerse* actor/actriz; (before n) < actress> de teatro

stage name — nombre m artístico

2) (in development, activity) fase f, etapa f

the early stages of pregnancy — los primeros meses del embarazo

at a later stage — más adelante

at some stage — en algún momento

I'd reached the stage where I didn't care any more — había llegado a un punto en que ya no me importaba

by this stage — a esas alturas

to do something in stages — hacer* algo por etapas

3) ( of rocket) fase f

II

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<event\>\> organizar*, montar; \<\<strike/demonstration\>\> hacer*; \<\<attack\>\> llevar a cabo, perpetrar; \<\<coup\>\> dar*

she staged a comeback five years later — hizo su reaparición cinco años más tarde

b) (engineer, arrange) arreglar, orquestar

2) ( Theat) \<\<play\>\> poner* en escena, representar

[steɪdʒ]
1. N

1) (=platform) tablado m ; (in conference hall) estrado m

2) (Theat) escenario m

I get nervous on stage — me pongo nervioso en el escenario

to put a play on the stage — poner una obra en escena

to go on stage — salir a escena or al escenario

you're on stage in two minutes — sales (a escena) en dos minutos

stage left/right — la parte del escenario a la izquierda/derecha del actor (de cara al público)

the stage — (as profession) el teatro

he writes for the stage — escribe para el teatro

to go on the stage — hacerse actor/actriz

- set the stage for sth

the stage was set for a political showdown — se había creado el marco idóneo para una confrontación política

3) (fig) (=scene) escena f

he occupies the centre of the political stage — ocupa el centro de la escena política

4) (=step) (in process) etapa f, fase f

at this stage in the negotiations — en esta etapa or a estas alturas de las negociaciones

we can't cancel at this late stage — no podemos cancelarlo a estas alturas

problems could arise at a later stage — podrían surgir problemas más adelante

he's bound to find out at some stage — seguro que se entera tarde o temprano

the project is still in its early stages — el proyecto se encuentra todavía en su fase or etapa inicial

the war was in its final stages — la guerra estaba en sus últimas etapas

to go through a difficult stage — pasar por una etapa difícil

it's just a stage he's going through — no es más que una fase que está atravesando

in stages — por etapas

in or by easy stages — en etapas or fases cortas
committee
5) [of rocket] fase f ; [of pipeline] tramo m

a four-stage rocket — un cohete de cuatro fases

6) (=stagecoach) diligencia f

2. VT

1) (Theat) [+ play] representar, poner en escena

2) (=organize) [+ concert, festival] organizar, montar

3) (=carry out) [+ protest] organizar; [+ demonstration, strike] hacer; [+ attack] lanzar

the sixties rock legend is staging a comeback — la leyenda rockera de los sesenta prepara una vuelta a escena

sterling has staged a recovery on foreign exchange markets — la libra esterlina ha experimentado una mejora en los mercados de divisas extranjeros

4) pej (=orchestrate) montar, organizar

that was no accident, it was staged — eso no fue ningún accidente, estaba montado or organizado

3.

CPD

stage adaptation N — adaptación f teatral

stage designer N — escenógrafo(-a) m / f

stage direction N — acotación f

stage director N — = stage manager

stage door N — entrada f de artistas

stage fright N — miedo m a las tablas or al escenario, miedo m escénico

to get stage fright — ponerse nervioso al salir a las tablas or al escenario

stage manager N — director(a) m / f de escena

stage name N — nombre m artístico

stage presence N — presencia f en el escenario

stage set N — decorado m

stage show N — espectáculo m

stage whisper N — aparte m

* * *

I [steɪdʒ]
noun

1)

a) ( platform) tablado m; ( in theater) escenario m

to go on stage — salir* a escena or al escenario

to set the stage for something — crear el marco para algo; (before n)

stage designer — escenógrafo, -fa m,f

stage door — entrada f de artistas

b) ( medium)

the stage — el teatro

c) ( profession)

the stage — el teatro, las tablas (period)

to go on the stage — hacerse* actor/actriz; (before n) < actress> de teatro

stage name — nombre m artístico

2) (in development, activity) fase f, etapa f

the early stages of pregnancy — los primeros meses del embarazo

at a later stage — más adelante

at some stage — en algún momento

I'd reached the stage where I didn't care any more — había llegado a un punto en que ya no me importaba

by this stage — a esas alturas

to do something in stages — hacer* algo por etapas

3) ( of rocket) fase f

II

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<event\>\> organizar*, montar; \<\<strike/demonstration\>\> hacer*; \<\<attack\>\> llevar a cabo, perpetrar; \<\<coup\>\> dar*

she staged a comeback five years later — hizo su reaparición cinco años más tarde

b) (engineer, arrange) arreglar, orquestar

2) ( Theat) \<\<play\>\> poner* en escena, representar

English-spanish dictionary > stage
10 comprobación

f.

verification, checking, demonstration, proof.

* * *

comprobación

► nombre femenino

1 verification, check, checking

* * *

SF (=proceso) checking, verification; (=datos) proof

de difícil comprobación — hard to prove

en comprobación de ello — as proof of what I say

comprobación general de cuentas — (Com) general audit

* * *

femenino

a) ( acción) verification, checking

b) (Col) ( examen) test

* * *

= check, checking, testing, validation, verification, checkup [check-up], cross-checking [cross checking], reality check, cross check, checkout [check-out].

Ex. Checks on relationships that must be represented can be executed by examining each card in turn and seeking cards which show related terms.

Ex. The purpose of this checking is to ensure that an entry always has the same form so that the catalog is consistent and clean.

Ex. Attention has focussed on the labelling of foodstuffs and the testing and approval of food additives.

Ex. Often referred to as utilities, basic software packages are available for performing basic operations such as data entry and validation, sorting and merging files and editing data.

Ex. The full verification of this logic and settling of differences now needs to be made by other means.

Ex. The article is entitled 'How fit is your health collection?: the importance of regular check-ups: health information in the public library' = El artículo se titula "¿Está en buena forma su colección sobre salud?: la importancia de los chequeos regulares: información sanitaria en la biblioteca pública".

Ex. Cross-checking every detail are a necessary drudgery that will be greatly simplified when the process is computerised.

Ex. This article describes the valuable role played by focus groups in providing a reality check on the usefulness of a new product or service.

Ex. Having the volume and part number, for example, as well as the date of issue of the periodical enables cross checks to be made.

Ex. To do a proper checkout, you need to remove the driveshaft and pull the bearing cups off.

----

* autocomprobación = self-checking.

* comprobación al azar = spot check.

* comprobación de antecedentes delictivos = police check.

* comprobación de la integridad de un documento = collating.

* comprobación de las necesidades económicas = means-testing, means test.

* comprobación del documento = collating.

* comprobación de los ingresos = means-testing, means test.

* comprobación en la práctica real = field test.

* comprobación rápida = spot check.

* dígito de comprobación = check digit.

* hacer una comprobación = conduct + check, execute + check.

* lista de comprobación = checklist [check-list].

* paquete de entrada y comprobación de datos = data entry and validation package.

* poner una marca de comprobación = check-mark.

* test de validación, test de comprobación = validation test.

* * *

femenino

a) ( acción) verification, checking

b) (Col) ( examen) test

* * *

= check, checking, testing, validation, verification, checkup [check-up], cross-checking [cross checking], reality check, cross check, checkout [check-out].

Ex: Checks on relationships that must be represented can be executed by examining each card in turn and seeking cards which show related terms.

Ex: The purpose of this checking is to ensure that an entry always has the same form so that the catalog is consistent and clean.

Ex: Attention has focussed on the labelling of foodstuffs and the testing and approval of food additives.

Ex: Often referred to as utilities, basic software packages are available for performing basic operations such as data entry and validation, sorting and merging files and editing data.

Ex: The full verification of this logic and settling of differences now needs to be made by other means.

Ex: The article is entitled 'How fit is your health collection?: the importance of regular check-ups: health information in the public library' = El artículo se titula "¿Está en buena forma su colección sobre salud?: la importancia de los chequeos regulares: información sanitaria en la biblioteca pública".

Ex: Cross-checking every detail are a necessary drudgery that will be greatly simplified when the process is computerised.

Ex: This article describes the valuable role played by focus groups in providing a reality check on the usefulness of a new product or service.

Ex: Having the volume and part number, for example, as well as the date of issue of the periodical enables cross checks to be made.

Ex: To do a proper checkout, you need to remove the driveshaft and pull the bearing cups off.

* autocomprobación = self-checking.

* comprobación al azar = spot check.

* comprobación de antecedentes delictivos = police check.

* comprobación de la integridad de un documento = collating.

* comprobación de las necesidades económicas = means-testing, means test.

* comprobación del documento = collating.

* comprobación de los ingresos = means-testing, means test.

* comprobación en la práctica real = field test.

* comprobación rápida = spot check.

* dígito de comprobación = check digit.

* hacer una comprobación = conduct + check, execute + check.

* lista de comprobación = checklist [check-list].

* paquete de entrada y comprobación de datos = data entry and validation package.

* poner una marca de comprobación = check-mark.

* test de validación, test de comprobación = validation test.

* * *

comprobación

feminine

1 (acción) verification, checking

2 ( Col) (examen) test

* * *

comprobación sustantivo femenino
a) ( acción) verification, checking

b) (Col) ( examen) test

comprobación sustantivo femenino verification, check
' comprobación' also found in these entries:
English:
crosscheck
- demonstration
- proof
- verification

* * *

comprobación nf

checking

* * *

comprobación

f check

* * *

comprobación nf, pl - ciones : verification, confirmation

Spanish-English dictionary > comprobación
11 transcurrir

v.

1 to pass, to lapse, to elapse, to pass away.

El tiempo transcurre Time passes.

2 to happen, to come about.

Los eventos transcurrieron The events happened=came about.

* * *

transcurrir

► verbo intransitivo

1 (tiempo) to pass, elapse

2 (acontecer) to take place, go off

■ todo aconteció según lo previsto it all went off as expected

* * *

verb

to elapse, pass

* * *

VI

1) [tiempo] to pass, elapse

han transcurrido siete años — seven years have passed

2) [acto, celebración] to pass, go

la manifestación transcurrió sin incidentes — the demonstration passed without incident

todo transcurrió normalmente — everything went normally

* * *

verbo intransitivo

a) tiempo/años to pass, go by

han transcurrido varios meses desde... — it's (been) several months now since...

transcurría el minuto 20 cuando se anotó el primer gol — the first goal was scored in the 20th minute

b) acontecimiento/acto to take place

la marcha transcurrió pacíficamente — the march went o passed off peacefully

* * *

= elapse + Expresión Temporal, course, pass on.

Ex. Connect time is the amount of time that elapses whilst a user is connected online to a computer system.

Ex. The disease is called temporal arteritis because the temporal arteries, which course along the sides of the head just in front of the ears (to the temples), often become inflamed.

Ex. If ignored, the problems are only passed on to all the users of the catalog: the public, the reference department, the acquisitions department, and naturally the cataloging department.

----

* a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.

* con el transcurrir del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by).

* conforme + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.

* conforme + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.

* el transcurrir del tiempo = the sands of time.

* transcurrir tiempo = lapse + time.

* * *

verbo intransitivo

a) tiempo/años to pass, go by

han transcurrido varios meses desde... — it's (been) several months now since...

transcurría el minuto 20 cuando se anotó el primer gol — the first goal was scored in the 20th minute

b) acontecimiento/acto to take place

la marcha transcurrió pacíficamente — the march went o passed off peacefully

* * *

= elapse + Expresión Temporal, course, pass on.

Ex: Connect time is the amount of time that elapses whilst a user is connected online to a computer system.

Ex: The disease is called temporal arteritis because the temporal arteries, which course along the sides of the head just in front of the ears (to the temples), often become inflamed.

Ex: If ignored, the problems are only passed on to all the users of the catalog: the public, the reference department, the acquisitions department, and naturally the cataloging department.

* a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.

* con el transcurrir del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by).

* conforme + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.

* conforme + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.

* el transcurrir del tiempo = the sands of time.

* transcurrir tiempo = lapse + time.

* * *

transcurrir [I1 ]

vi

1 «tiempo/años» to pass, go by

los meses transcurrieron sin que tuviera noticias suyas the months went by o passed with no news of her

han transcurrido varios meses desde su partida it's (been) several months now since she left

transcurría el minuto 20 cuando se anotó el primer gol the first goal was scored in the 20th minute

2 «acontecimiento/acto» to take place

la acción transcurre en un pueblo del sur the action takes place in a village in the south

la marcha transcurrió pacíficamente the march went o passed off peacefully

* * *

transcurrir ( conjugate transcurrir) verbo intransitivo
a) [tiempo/años] to pass, go by

b) [acontecimiento/acto] to take place

transcurrir verbo intransitivo
1 (tiempo) to pass, go by
2 (una época de la vida, un suceso) to pass
' transcurrir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
trascurrir
- correr
- pasar
English:
elapse
- go on
- lapse
- move on
- pass off

* * *

transcurrir, trascurrir vi

1. [tiempo] to pass, to go by;

transcurrieron quince años hasta que volvieron a encontrarse fifteen years went by o passed before they met again, they did not meet again until fifteen years later;

según transcurría el tiempo se iban calentando los ánimos as time went by tempers started to fray

2. [ocurrir] to take place, to happen;

la acción transcurre durante la guerra the action takes place during the war;

la manifestación transcurrió sin incidentes the demonstration went off o passed off without incident

* * *

transcurrir

v/i de tiempo pass, go by

* * *

transcurrir vi

: to elapse, to pass

* * *

transcurrir vb to go by / to pass

transcurrieron dos años hasta que nos volvimos a ver two years went by before we saw one another again

Spanish-English dictionary > transcurrir
12 PSD

1) Компьютерная техника: Performance Stretching Device

2) Медицина: power spectral density (спектральная плотность мощности)

3) Военный термин: Personal Security Detail, Personnel Services Division, Post Security Detachment, Product System Demonstration, Protective Structures Division, parts support digest, personal services department, personnel service division, personnel subsystem development, personnel support detachment, procurement surveys division, product support department, professional service date, program support document, promotion service date, propellant storage depot

4) Техника: phase-sensitive demodulator, physical sciences division, position-sensitive detector, power spectral distribution, power spectrum density, preliminary systems design, processing status display, грансостав, гранулометрический состав, классификация по крупности

5) Шутливое выражение: Phantom Souls Domain

6) Математика: диаграмма вероятностей состояний (probability state diagram), положительно полуопределённый (positive semidefinite)

7) Юридический термин: Personal Security Device, Police Search And Destroy, Police Security Dogs

8) Фармакология: распределение размера частиц (particle size distribution, распределение размера частиц в твердых формах лекарственных средств)

9) Ветеринария: Pesticides Safety Directorate

10) Грубое выражение: Printing Something Dumb

11) Оптика: position-sensing detector, pseudo-second derivative

12) Сокращение: Propulsion System Demonstrator

13) Физиология: Post Stroke Depression, postsynaptic density

14) Электроника: Pulse Shape Discrimination

15) Вычислительная техника: Printer Sharing Device, preliminary system design, расширение файлов в формате Adobe Photoshop, Programmer's Supplementary Documents (BSD, Unix)

16) Нефть: permanently shut down, process shutdown system, production shutdown, project specific dictionaries

17) Транспорт: Position Sensitive Detector

18) Целлюлозно-бумажная промышленность: напорный шнековый разгрузчик

19) СМИ: Play Sequence Descriptor

20) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: prediction based on seismic data, process shut down, остановка технологического процесса (process shutdown)

21) Образование: Personal And Social Development, Practical Self Defense

22) Сетевые технологии: Programmable System Device

23) Программирование: индивидуальная программная документация (см. personal software documentation)

24) Сахалин Р: process shutdown

25) Химическое оружие: prevention of significant deterioration

26) Молочное производство: Paternal Sister Dam

27) Расширение файла: Periscope Debugger Definition file, Periscope Debugger Def file (Periscope)

28) Нефть и газ: pore size distribution

29) МИД: power spectral density

30) Электротехника: phase-sensitive detector

31) Фантастика Power Stroke Diesel

32) Цемент: particle size distribution, распределение по размерам частиц, распределение частиц, распределение частиц по размерам

33) Должность: Performance Standards Development

34) NYSE. Puget Sound Energy, Inc.

35) Аэропорты: Port Said, Arab Republic of Egypt

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > PSD
13 psd

1) Компьютерная техника: Performance Stretching Device

2) Медицина: power spectral density (спектральная плотность мощности)

3) Военный термин: Personal Security Detail, Personnel Services Division, Post Security Detachment, Product System Demonstration, Protective Structures Division, parts support digest, personal services department, personnel service division, personnel subsystem development, personnel support detachment, procurement surveys division, product support department, professional service date, program support document, promotion service date, propellant storage depot

4) Техника: phase-sensitive demodulator, physical sciences division, position-sensitive detector, power spectral distribution, power spectrum density, preliminary systems design, processing status display, грансостав, гранулометрический состав, классификация по крупности

5) Шутливое выражение: Phantom Souls Domain

6) Математика: диаграмма вероятностей состояний (probability state diagram), положительно полуопределённый (positive semidefinite)

7) Юридический термин: Personal Security Device, Police Search And Destroy, Police Security Dogs

8) Фармакология: распределение размера частиц (particle size distribution, распределение размера частиц в твердых формах лекарственных средств)

9) Ветеринария: Pesticides Safety Directorate

10) Грубое выражение: Printing Something Dumb

11) Оптика: position-sensing detector, pseudo-second derivative

12) Сокращение: Propulsion System Demonstrator

13) Физиология: Post Stroke Depression, postsynaptic density

14) Электроника: Pulse Shape Discrimination

15) Вычислительная техника: Printer Sharing Device, preliminary system design, расширение файлов в формате Adobe Photoshop, Programmer's Supplementary Documents (BSD, Unix)

16) Нефть: permanently shut down, process shutdown system, production shutdown, project specific dictionaries

17) Транспорт: Position Sensitive Detector

18) Целлюлозно-бумажная промышленность: напорный шнековый разгрузчик

19) СМИ: Play Sequence Descriptor

20) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: prediction based on seismic data, process shut down, остановка технологического процесса (process shutdown)

21) Образование: Personal And Social Development, Practical Self Defense

22) Сетевые технологии: Programmable System Device

23) Программирование: индивидуальная программная документация (см. personal software documentation)

24) Сахалин Р: process shutdown

25) Химическое оружие: prevention of significant deterioration

26) Молочное производство: Paternal Sister Dam

27) Расширение файла: Periscope Debugger Definition file, Periscope Debugger Def file (Periscope)

28) Нефть и газ: pore size distribution

29) МИД: power spectral density

30) Электротехника: phase-sensitive detector

31) Фантастика Power Stroke Diesel

32) Цемент: particle size distribution, распределение по размерам частиц, распределение частиц, распределение частиц по размерам

33) Должность: Performance Standards Development

34) NYSE. Puget Sound Energy, Inc.

35) Аэропорты: Port Said, Arab Republic of Egypt

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > psd
14 Swan, Sir Joseph Wilson

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Photography, film and optics

[br]

b. 31 October 1828 Sunderland, England

d. 27 May 1914 Warlingham, Surrey, England

[br]

English chemist, inventor in Britain of the incandescent electric lamp and of photographic processes.

[br]

At the age of 14 Swan was apprenticed to a Sunderland firm of druggists, later joining John Mawson who had opened a pharmacy in Newcastle. While in Sunderland Swan attended lectures at the Athenaeum, at one of which W.E. Staite exhibited electric-arc and incandescent lighting. The impression made on Swan prompted him to conduct experiments that led to his demonstration of a practical working lamp in 1879. As early as 1848 he was experimenting with carbon as a lamp filament, and by 1869 he had mounted a strip of carbon in a vessel exhausted of air as completely as was then possible; however, because of residual air, the filament quickly failed.

Discouraged by the cost of current from primary batteries and the difficulty of achieving a good vacuum, Swan began to devote much of his attention to photography. With Mawson's support the pharmacy was expanded to include a photographic business. Swan's interest in making permanent photographic records led him to patent the carbon process in 1864 and he discovered how to make a sensitive dry plate in place of the inconvenient wet collodian process hitherto in use. He followed this success with the invention of bromide paper, the subject of a British patent in 1879.

Swan resumed his interest in electric lighting. Sprengel's invention of the mercury pump in 1865 provided Swan with the means of obtaining the high vacuum he needed to produce a satisfactory lamp. Swan adopted a technique which was to become an essential feature in vacuum physics: continuing to heat the filament during the exhaustion process allowed the removal of absorbed gases. The inventions of Gramme, Siemens and Brush provided the source of electrical power at reasonable cost needed to make the incandescent lamp of practical service. Swan exhibited his lamp at a meeting in December 1878 of the Newcastle Chemical Society and again the following year before an audience of 700 at the Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society. Swan's failure to patent his invention immediately was a tactical error as in November 1879 Edison was granted a British patent for his original lamp, which, however, did not go into production. Parchmentized thread was used in Swan's first commercial lamps, a material soon superseded by the regenerated cellulose filament that he developed. The cellulose filament was made by extruding a solution of nitro-cellulose in acetic acid through a die under pressure into a coagulating fluid, and was used until the ultimate obsolescence of the carbon-filament lamp. Regenerated cellulose became the first synthetic fibre, the further development and exploitation of which he left to others, the patent rights for the process being sold to Courtaulds.

Swan also devised a modification of Planté's secondary battery in which the active material was compressed into a cellular lead plate. This has remained the central principle of all improvements in secondary cells, greatly increasing the storage capacity for a given weight.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Knighted 1904. FRS 1894. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1898. First President, Faraday Society 1904. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1904. Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur 1881.

Bibliography

2 January 1880, British patent no. 18 (incandescent electric lamp).

24 May 1881, British patent no. 2,272 (improved plates for the Planté cell).

1898, "The rise and progress of the electrochemical industries", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 27:8–33 (Swan's Presidential Address to the Institution of Electrical Engineers).

Further Reading

M.E.Swan and K.R.Swan, 1968, Sir Joseph Wilson Swan F.R.S., Newcastle upon Tyne (a detailed account).

R.C.Chirnside, 1979, "Sir Joseph Swan and the invention of the electric lamp", IEE

Electronics and Power 25:96–100 (a short, authoritative biography).

GW

Biographical history of technology > Swan, Sir Joseph Wilson
15 equipment

оборудование; снаряжение; оснащение; оснастка (напр. станка); приспособления; приборы; аппаратура; арматура; принадлежности; подвижной состав; воен. материальная часть; боевая техника

- equipment adjusting
- equipment arrangement - equipment availability - equipment building - equipment capital costs - equipment casualty - equipment certificate - equipment certification - equipment certification requirement - equipment check - equipment checkout - equipment clock - equipment compatibility - equipment condition data - equipment damage - equipment dependability - equipment depot - equipment design failure
- equipment deterioration

- equipment duplication
- equipment error - equipment facilities - equipment failure - equipment failure information - equipment failure log - equipment for road construction - equipment for the manufacture of asbestos cement - equipment identification register - equipment identity register - equipment in place - equipment inspection - equipment-intermodulation noise - equipment investments - equipment lay-out - equipment layout - equipment lease - equipment leasing - equipment level controller - equipment location - equipment longevity - equipment maintenance facility - equipment maintenance management program - equipment maintenance officer - equipment maintenance ratio - equipment maintenance report - equipment maintenance team - equipment manufacturer code - equipment manufacturing failure - equipment-modification list - equipment monitoring - equipment nomenclature - equipment operating procedure - equipment operation test - equipment package - equipment performance log - equipment performance report - equipment placement - equipment programming - equipment protection device - equipment qualification - equipment rack - equipment ready date - equipment rebuilding - equipment reference book - equipment regulation - equipment reliability - equipment reliability status report - equipment repair time - equipment replacement - equipment replacement network - equipment reservation - equipment revamping - equipment review board - equipment room - equipment safety - equipment salvage - equipment schedule - equipment serviceability criterion - equipment side - equipment specifications - equipment spendings - equipment status board - equipment status chart - equipment status indication - equipment status log - equipment supervision - equipment terminal - equipment unavailability - equipment upgrading - equipment wire - accessory equipment - acoustic emission equipment - acoustical equipment - actuated equipment - add-on equipment - air equipment - air-chucking equipment - air-conditioning equipment - air-humidifying equipment - air-painting equipment - ancillary equipment - answering equipment - assembly equipment
- autoload equipment

- automatic brazing equipment

- automatic checkout-and-readiness equipment

- automatic checkout recording equipment

- automatic control equipment

- automatic test equipment

- automation equipment

- automotive equipment

- autopallet transfer equipment

- auxiliary equipment

- auxiliary data processing equipment
- balancing equipment - blasting equipment - board equipment - bolt-on equipment - brake equipment - built-in test equipment
- cab equipment

- CAD equipment
- calibration equipment - CAM equipment - capital equipment - cargo handling equipment - carrying and lifting equipment - centrifugal pumping equipment - checking equipment - collective protective equipment
- communication equipment

- component-handling equipment
- compressor equipment - computer-aided test equipment - computer-automated equipment - concrete-handling equipment - consumption equipment
- continuous handling equipment

- control equipment

- control and indicating equipment
- controllable balancing equipment - conveying equipment - coolant clarification equipment - cost-effective equipment - crane equipment - crane electrical equipment
- crash equipment

- crushing equipment
- crushing and screening equipment - data-processing equipment - dedicated equipment - defective equipment - de-icer equipment - demonstration equipment - detection equipment - detritus equipment - diagnosis equipment - diagnostic equipment - digital readout equipment - dimensional-inspection equipment - direction-finding equipment - driven equipment - durable equipment
- earthmoving equipment

- efficient earthmoving equipment
- electrical equipment - electrical discharge equipment - electroheat equipment - electrothermal equipment - emergency equipment - energy equipment - energy-intensive equipment - erection equipment - exhibition equipment - experimental equipment - external test equipment - FA-related equipment - fabricating equipment - fabrication equipment - factory-installed equipment - failed equipment - farming equipment - faulty equipment - feeding equipment - field-balancing equipment - filling equipment - finishing equipment - fire-fighting equipment - fire safety equipment - fixed equipment - fixed path equipment - flatness testing equipment - fuel handling equipment - gaging equipment - garage equipment - garage-repair equipment - gas equipment - gas-welding equipment - gear testing equipment - general-purpose equipment - general test equipment - grading equipment - greasing equipment - grit-dredging equipment - handling equipment - hard automation equipment - haulage equipment - hauling equipment - heat-treating equipment - hi-fi equipment - high-fi equipment - high-technology equipment - higher-horsepower equipment - homemade fire-fighting equipment - hydraulic equipment - hydraulic tracing equipment - idle equipment - ignition equipment - independent equipment - industrial equipment - industrial cleaning equipment - input equipment - inspection equipment - installation equipment - installed equipment - instrumental equipment - instrumented equipment - interconnecting equipment - jaw-type work-holding equipment - joining equipment - laboratory equipment - lifting equipment - lighting equipment - loading equipment - loading and unloading equipment for dryer cars - machine-tool equipment - machining equipment - maintenance equipment - maintenance-and-support equipment - manipulating equipment - manually controlled equipment - manufacturing equipment - material-handling equipment - materials-handling equipment - material mining equipment - MDI equipment - measurement-processing equipment - measuring and control equipment - measuring equipment - mechanical handling equipment - metal-cutting equipment - metering equipment - microprocessing equipment - microwave heating equipment - military equipment - mill-turn equipment - mobile equipment - monitoring equipment - mountable pile-driving equipment - multidimension gaging equipment - multisensor equipment - noise abatement equipment - non-assembled equipment - nonrepairable equipment - nonstandard equipment - off-road equipment - operational equipment - optional equipment - outdated equipment - outmoded equipment - out-of-repair equipment - paint equipment - parts-handling equipment - parts-washing equipment - pattern equipment - peripheral equipment - personal protection equipment - personal protective equipment - pipeline equipment - pipeline-laying equipment - pipeline-scraping equipment - pneumatic equipment - pile-driving equipment - piling equipment - portable jacking equipment - postprocess gaging equipment - preparatory machining equipment - presetting equipment - primary equipment - primary machining equipment - process control monitoring equipment - process equipment - process monitoring equipment - processing equipment - production equipment - production test equipment - professional drilling equipment - protective equipment - proving-and-indicating equipment - pulling-and-running equipment - pump-and-compressor equipment - pumping equipment - quarry equipment - reconditioning equipment - redundant equipment - refrigeration equipment - rejected equipment - reliable equipment - remote control equipment - remove an equipment - repair equipment - repairable equipment - reserve equipment - residential equipment - retrofit equipment - rippers equipment - road-building equipment - rope-suspended boom equipment - rotating equipment - round trip equipment - safeguarding equipment - safety equipment - safety-survival equipment - secondary equipment - self-balancing equipment - sensing equipment - service checkout equipment - service equipment - snow-cleaning equipment - snow-handling equipment - spare equipment - spark erosion equipment - special support equipment - special test equipment - standalone equipment - standard equipment - standby equipment - supervisory equipment - supplementary equipment - support equipment - supporting equipment - surface-measuring equipment - swarf-handling equipment - tank cleaning equipment - telescopic equipment - test equipment - test-and-maintenance equipment - testing equipment - tool equipment - tool-holding equipment - tooling equipment - tool-setting equipment - touch-probe inspection equipment - towing equipment - tracer equipment - traction-type equipment - training equipment - transferring equipment - transport equipment - transportation equipment - turning gaging equipment - unattended equipment - underground equipment - universal equipment - unrepairable equipment - up-to-date construction equipment - used equipment - utility equipment - value-added equipment - vandalproof equipment - vehicle greasing equipment
- ventilating equipment

- video-measuring equipment
- warehousing equipment - waste-minimization equipment - water-fed equipment - water-purification equipment - water quality monitoring equipment - water-treatment equipment - weed-control equipment - weighing equipment - weld deposition equipment - welding equipment - welding deposition equipment - wheel alignment equipment - work-holding equipment - workover equipment

Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению > equipment
16 Lippman, Gabriel

SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

[br]

b. 16 August 1845 Hallerick, Luxembourg

d. 14 July 1921 at sea, in the North Atlantic

[br]

French physicist who developed interference colour photography.

[br]

Born of French parents, Lippman's work began with a distinguished career in classics, philosophy, mathematics and physics at the Ecole Normale in Luxembourg. After further studies in physics at Heidelberg University, he returned to France and the Sorbonne, where he was in 1886 appointed Director of Physics. He was a leading pioneer in France of research into electricity, optics, heat and other branches of physics.

In 1886 he conceived the idea of recording the existence of standing waves in light when it is reflected back on itself, by photographing the colours so produced. This required the production of a photographic emulsion that was effectively grainless: the individual silver halide crystals had to be smaller than the shortest wavelength of light to be recorded. Lippman succeeded in this and in 1891 demonstrated his process. A glass plate was coated with a grainless emulsion and held in a special plate-holder, glass towards the lens. The back of the holder was filled with mercury, which provided a perfect reflector when in contact with the emulsion. The standing waves produced during the exposure formed laminae in the emulsion, with the number of laminae being determined by the wavelength of the incoming light at each point on the image. When the processed plate was viewed under the correct lighting conditions, a theoretically exact reproduction of the colours of the original subject could be seen. However, the Lippman process remained a beautiful scientific demonstration only, since the ultra-fine-grain emulsion was very slow, requiring exposure times of over 10,000 times that of conventional negative material. Any method of increasing the speed of the emulsion also increased the grain size and destroyed the conditions required for the process to work.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Royal Photographic Society Progress Medal 1897. Nobel Prize (for his work in interference colour photography) 1908.

Further Reading

J.S.Friedman, 1944, History of Colour Photography, Boston.

Brian Coe, 1978, Colour Photography: The First Hundred Years, London. Gert Koshofer, 1981, Farbfotografie, Vol. I, Munich.

BC

Biographical history of technology > Lippman, Gabriel
17 Sutton, Thomas

SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

[br]

b. 1819 England

d. 1875 Jersey, Channel Islands

[br]

English photographer and writer on photography.

[br]

In 1841, while studying at Cambridge, Sutton became interested in photography and tried out the current processes, daguerreotype, calotype and cyanotype among them. He subsequently settled in Jersey, where he continued his photographic studies. In 1855 he opened a photographic printing works in Jersey, in partnership with L.-D. Blanquart- Evrard, exploiting the latter's process for producing developed positive prints. He started and edited one of the first photographic periodicals, Photographic Notes, in 1856; until its cessation in 1867, his journal presented a fresher view of the world of photography than that given by its London-based rivals. He also drew up the first dictionary of photography in 1858.

In 1859 Sutton designed and patented a wideangle lens in which the space between two meniscus lenses, forming parts of a sphere and sealed in a metal rim, was filled with water; the lens so formed could cover an angle of up to 120 degrees at an aperture of f12. Sutton's design was inspired by observing the images produced by the water-filled sphere of a "snowstorm" souvenir brought home from Paris! Sutton commissioned the London camera-maker Frederick Cox to make the Panoramic camera, demonstrating the first model in January 1860; it took panoramic pictures on curved glass plates 152×381 mm in size. Cox later advertised other models in a total of four sizes. In January 1861 Sutton handed over manufacture to Andrew Ross's son Thomas Ross, who produced much-improved lenses and also cameras in three sizes. Sutton then developed the first single-lens reflex camera design, patenting it on 20 August 1961: a pivoted mirror, placed at 45 degrees inside the camera, reflected the image from the lens onto a ground glass-screen set in the top of the camera for framing and focusing. When ready, the mirror was swung up out of the way to allow light to reach the plate at the back of the camera. The design was manufactured for a few years by Thomas Ross and J.H. Dallmeyer.

In 1861 James Clerk Maxwell asked Sutton to prepare a series of photographs for use in his lecture "On the theory of three primary colours", to be presented at the Royal Institution in London on 17 May 1861. Maxwell required three photographs to be taken through red, green and blue filters, which were to be printed as lantern slides and projected in superimposition through three projectors. If his theory was correct, a colour reproduction of the original subject would be produced. Sutton used liquid filters: ammoniacal copper sulphate for blue, copper chloride for the green and iron sulphocyanide for the red. A fourth exposure was made through lemon-yellow glass, but was not used in the final demonstration. A tartan ribbon in a bow was used as the subject; the wet-collodion process in current use required six seconds for the blue exposure, about twice what would have been needed without the filter. After twelve minutes no trace of image was produced through the green filter, which had to be diluted to a pale green: a twelve-minute exposure then produced a serviceable negative. Eight minutes was enough to record an image through the red filter, although since the process was sensitive only to blue light, nothing at all should have been recorded. In 1961, R.M.Evans of the Kodak Research Laboratory showed that the red liquid transmitted ultraviolet radiation, and by an extraordinary coincidence many natural red dye-stuffs reflect ultraviolet. Thus the red separation was made on the basis of non-visible radiation rather than red, but the net result was correct and the projected images did give an identifiable reproduction of the original. Sutton's photographs enabled Maxwell to establish the validity of his theory and to provide the basis upon which all subsequent methods of colour photography have been founded.

JW / BC

Biographical history of technology > Sutton, Thomas
18 PD

1) Общая лексика: Project Directorate (SEIC)

2) Компьютерная техника: Physical Device, Platform Dependent, Power Driver, Printer Driver

3) Медицина: прогрессирование заболевания (progression of the disease), protein D, фармакодинамика, перитонеальный диализ

4) Американизм: Proposed Determination, Pseudo Deadline

5) Спорт: Pure Determination

6) Военный термин: Personnel Directorate, Presidential Directive, Primary Detection, Probability of Damage, Process Data, paralyzing dose, passive detection, patrol duty, pay day, per diem, performance demonstration, personnel data, personnel department, personnel division, planning directive, planning document, plans division, point defense, point detonating, point of departure, port of debarkation, power distribution, power-driven, preference for duty, priority designator, priority directive, procurement data, procurement directive, procurement division, production department, professional development, project directive, project document, projected decision, projected display, property damage, proposal development, protective device, provisioning document, proximity detector, purchase description, пороговая токсодоза, Positive Deployment (Exercise Name), Point Detonation (Fuse), Program Director (or Directive)

7) Психиатрия: расстройство личности (personality disorder http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8)

8) Техника: percent detected, periodical, phase detector, photodesorption, photodiode, population density, population distribution, primary detectors, proportionally differential, pulse drive

9) Сельское хозяйство: Plant Density

10) Шутливое выражение: Pesky Demons

11) Химия: Positive Displacement

12) Математика: плотность вероятности (probability density), положительно определённый (positive definite), распределение вероятностей (probability distribution)

13) Юридический термин: Pathetically Drunk, Permanent Disability, Public Document, Практическое руководство (Practice Direction) (http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.justice.gov.uk/civil/procrules_fin/menus/rules.htm)

14) Бухгалтерия: Partial Deduction

15) Страхование: Polar distance, physical damage

16) Ветеринария: Prairie Dog

17) Грубое выражение: Paper Doll

18) Оптика: perfect diffuser, prism diopter

19) Политика: Pro Death

20) Телекоммуникации: Propagation Delay, Protocol Discriminator

21) Сокращение: Participatory Design, Passive Defence, Periscope Depth, Phenyldichloroarsine (Chemical warfare blister agent), Pictorial Display, Police Department, Postal District, Pre-digital, Preliminary Design, Principal Directorate (UK), Product / Project Definition, Programme Director (UK), Pulse Duration, Pulse-Doppler (radar), Pulsed Doppler, pick up and delivery, pivoted door, position doubtful, preliminary data, privat-docent, probability of detection, punch die, Peripheral Device, pickup and delivery

22) Университет: Please Dad

23) Физиология: Partial denture, Paxil Disorder, Peptide Dose, Peritoneal Dialysis, Personality Disorder, Post Discovery, Procedure Delivery, Pulmonary Disease, Pupillary Distance

24) Фото: Principal Distance

25) Электроника: Phase-change Device, Power Density, Pre Damper

26) Вычислительная техника: Packetization Delay, page directory, process database, public domain, pulse driver, каталог страниц, Plug & Display (standard, LCD, VESA)

27) Нефть: plug down, proposed depth, proved & developed, pump displacement, total pressure drop in annulus, вероятность обнаружения (неисправности; probability of detection), насосное оборудование (pumping equipment), предполагаемая глубина (proposed depth), процент обнаруженных неисправностей (percent detected)

28) Неврология: болезнь Паркинсона (Parkinson disease, нейродегенеративное заболевание головного мозга с преобладанием двигательных нарушений в виде общей скованности, замедленности движений, дрожания)

29) Онкология: Progressive disease

30) Связь: proportional/derivative

31) Банковское дело: вероятность дефолта (probability of default)

32) Транспорт: Paris Dakar, Port Director, Pump Diesel

33) Энергетика: (Partial Discharge) частичный разряд

34) СМИ: Pound Dog, Publication Date

35) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: purchase department, Project Director

36) Образование: Pen Down, Pupil Distance

37) Микроэлектроника: photodiode( фотодиод)

38) Сетевые технологии: phase-change dual, phase-dual

39) ЕБРР: Procurement Department

40) Полимеры: pressure distillate, privileged direction

41) Автоматика: pitch diameter

42) Полупроводники: photoelectron diffraction

43) Океанография: Position Description

44) Медицинская техника: Power Doppler (УЗИ)

45) Макаров: physical development

46) Безопасность: Parallel Decode

47) Расширение файла: Performance Data

48) Нефть и газ: pump discharge, ДР ( доказанные разрабатываемые запасы) (Proven Developed reserves), ущерб для имущества и материалов

49) Электротехника: partial discharge, periodic duty, power divider

50) Имена и фамилии: Philip Dey

51) Должность: Pizza Delivery, Porch Dog, Private Detective, Program Director

52) Чат: Pretty Disappointing

53) NYSE. Phelps Dodge Corporation

54) Федеральное бюро расследований: Portland Field Office

55) Международная торговля: Project Delivery

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > PD
19 Pd

1) Общая лексика: Project Directorate (SEIC)

2) Компьютерная техника: Physical Device, Platform Dependent, Power Driver, Printer Driver

3) Медицина: прогрессирование заболевания (progression of the disease), protein D, фармакодинамика, перитонеальный диализ

4) Американизм: Proposed Determination, Pseudo Deadline

5) Спорт: Pure Determination

6) Военный термин: Personnel Directorate, Presidential Directive, Primary Detection, Probability of Damage, Process Data, paralyzing dose, passive detection, patrol duty, pay day, per diem, performance demonstration, personnel data, personnel department, personnel division, planning directive, planning document, plans division, point defense, point detonating, point of departure, port of debarkation, power distribution, power-driven, preference for duty, priority designator, priority directive, procurement data, procurement directive, procurement division, production department, professional development, project directive, project document, projected decision, projected display, property damage, proposal development, protective device, provisioning document, proximity detector, purchase description, пороговая токсодоза, Positive Deployment (Exercise Name), Point Detonation (Fuse), Program Director (or Directive)

7) Психиатрия: расстройство личности (personality disorder http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8)

8) Техника: percent detected, periodical, phase detector, photodesorption, photodiode, population density, population distribution, primary detectors, proportionally differential, pulse drive

9) Сельское хозяйство: Plant Density

10) Шутливое выражение: Pesky Demons

11) Химия: Positive Displacement

12) Математика: плотность вероятности (probability density), положительно определённый (positive definite), распределение вероятностей (probability distribution)

13) Юридический термин: Pathetically Drunk, Permanent Disability, Public Document, Практическое руководство (Practice Direction) (http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.justice.gov.uk/civil/procrules_fin/menus/rules.htm)

14) Бухгалтерия: Partial Deduction

15) Страхование: Polar distance, physical damage

16) Ветеринария: Prairie Dog

17) Грубое выражение: Paper Doll

18) Оптика: perfect diffuser, prism diopter

19) Политика: Pro Death

20) Телекоммуникации: Propagation Delay, Protocol Discriminator

21) Сокращение: Participatory Design, Passive Defence, Periscope Depth, Phenyldichloroarsine (Chemical warfare blister agent), Pictorial Display, Police Department, Postal District, Pre-digital, Preliminary Design, Principal Directorate (UK), Product / Project Definition, Programme Director (UK), Pulse Duration, Pulse-Doppler (radar), Pulsed Doppler, pick up and delivery, pivoted door, position doubtful, preliminary data, privat-docent, probability of detection, punch die, Peripheral Device, pickup and delivery

22) Университет: Please Dad

23) Физиология: Partial denture, Paxil Disorder, Peptide Dose, Peritoneal Dialysis, Personality Disorder, Post Discovery, Procedure Delivery, Pulmonary Disease, Pupillary Distance

24) Фото: Principal Distance

25) Электроника: Phase-change Device, Power Density, Pre Damper

26) Вычислительная техника: Packetization Delay, page directory, process database, public domain, pulse driver, каталог страниц, Plug & Display (standard, LCD, VESA)

27) Нефть: plug down, proposed depth, proved & developed, pump displacement, total pressure drop in annulus, вероятность обнаружения (неисправности; probability of detection), насосное оборудование (pumping equipment), предполагаемая глубина (proposed depth), процент обнаруженных неисправностей (percent detected)

28) Неврология: болезнь Паркинсона (Parkinson disease, нейродегенеративное заболевание головного мозга с преобладанием двигательных нарушений в виде общей скованности, замедленности движений, дрожания)

29) Онкология: Progressive disease

30) Связь: proportional/derivative

31) Банковское дело: вероятность дефолта (probability of default)

32) Транспорт: Paris Dakar, Port Director, Pump Diesel

33) Энергетика: (Partial Discharge) частичный разряд

34) СМИ: Pound Dog, Publication Date

35) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: purchase department, Project Director

36) Образование: Pen Down, Pupil Distance

37) Микроэлектроника: photodiode( фотодиод)

38) Сетевые технологии: phase-change dual, phase-dual

39) ЕБРР: Procurement Department

40) Полимеры: pressure distillate, privileged direction

41) Автоматика: pitch diameter

42) Полупроводники: photoelectron diffraction

43) Океанография: Position Description

44) Медицинская техника: Power Doppler (УЗИ)

45) Макаров: physical development

46) Безопасность: Parallel Decode

47) Расширение файла: Performance Data

48) Нефть и газ: pump discharge, ДР ( доказанные разрабатываемые запасы) (Proven Developed reserves), ущерб для имущества и материалов

49) Электротехника: partial discharge, periodic duty, power divider

50) Имена и фамилии: Philip Dey

51) Должность: Pizza Delivery, Porch Dog, Private Detective, Program Director

52) Чат: Pretty Disappointing

53) NYSE. Phelps Dodge Corporation

54) Федеральное бюро расследований: Portland Field Office

55) Международная торговля: Project Delivery

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Pd
20 pd

1) Общая лексика: Project Directorate (SEIC)

2) Компьютерная техника: Physical Device, Platform Dependent, Power Driver, Printer Driver

3) Медицина: прогрессирование заболевания (progression of the disease), protein D, фармакодинамика, перитонеальный диализ

4) Американизм: Proposed Determination, Pseudo Deadline

5) Спорт: Pure Determination

6) Военный термин: Personnel Directorate, Presidential Directive, Primary Detection, Probability of Damage, Process Data, paralyzing dose, passive detection, patrol duty, pay day, per diem, performance demonstration, personnel data, personnel department, personnel division, planning directive, planning document, plans division, point defense, point detonating, point of departure, port of debarkation, power distribution, power-driven, preference for duty, priority designator, priority directive, procurement data, procurement directive, procurement division, production department, professional development, project directive, project document, projected decision, projected display, property damage, proposal development, protective device, provisioning document, proximity detector, purchase description, пороговая токсодоза, Positive Deployment (Exercise Name), Point Detonation (Fuse), Program Director (or Directive)

7) Психиатрия: расстройство личности (personality disorder http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8)

8) Техника: percent detected, periodical, phase detector, photodesorption, photodiode, population density, population distribution, primary detectors, proportionally differential, pulse drive

9) Сельское хозяйство: Plant Density

10) Шутливое выражение: Pesky Demons

11) Химия: Positive Displacement

12) Математика: плотность вероятности (probability density), положительно определённый (positive definite), распределение вероятностей (probability distribution)

13) Юридический термин: Pathetically Drunk, Permanent Disability, Public Document, Практическое руководство (Practice Direction) (http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.justice.gov.uk/civil/procrules_fin/menus/rules.htm)

14) Бухгалтерия: Partial Deduction

15) Страхование: Polar distance, physical damage

16) Ветеринария: Prairie Dog

17) Грубое выражение: Paper Doll

18) Оптика: perfect diffuser, prism diopter

19) Политика: Pro Death

20) Телекоммуникации: Propagation Delay, Protocol Discriminator

21) Сокращение: Participatory Design, Passive Defence, Periscope Depth, Phenyldichloroarsine (Chemical warfare blister agent), Pictorial Display, Police Department, Postal District, Pre-digital, Preliminary Design, Principal Directorate (UK), Product / Project Definition, Programme Director (UK), Pulse Duration, Pulse-Doppler (radar), Pulsed Doppler, pick up and delivery, pivoted door, position doubtful, preliminary data, privat-docent, probability of detection, punch die, Peripheral Device, pickup and delivery

22) Университет: Please Dad

23) Физиология: Partial denture, Paxil Disorder, Peptide Dose, Peritoneal Dialysis, Personality Disorder, Post Discovery, Procedure Delivery, Pulmonary Disease, Pupillary Distance

24) Фото: Principal Distance

25) Электроника: Phase-change Device, Power Density, Pre Damper

26) Вычислительная техника: Packetization Delay, page directory, process database, public domain, pulse driver, каталог страниц, Plug & Display (standard, LCD, VESA)

27) Нефть: plug down, proposed depth, proved & developed, pump displacement, total pressure drop in annulus, вероятность обнаружения (неисправности; probability of detection), насосное оборудование (pumping equipment), предполагаемая глубина (proposed depth), процент обнаруженных неисправностей (percent detected)

28) Неврология: болезнь Паркинсона (Parkinson disease, нейродегенеративное заболевание головного мозга с преобладанием двигательных нарушений в виде общей скованности, замедленности движений, дрожания)

29) Онкология: Progressive disease

30) Связь: proportional/derivative

31) Банковское дело: вероятность дефолта (probability of default)

32) Транспорт: Paris Dakar, Port Director, Pump Diesel

33) Энергетика: (Partial Discharge) частичный разряд

34) СМИ: Pound Dog, Publication Date

35) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: purchase department, Project Director

36) Образование: Pen Down, Pupil Distance

37) Микроэлектроника: photodiode( фотодиод)

38) Сетевые технологии: phase-change dual, phase-dual

39) ЕБРР: Procurement Department

40) Полимеры: pressure distillate, privileged direction

41) Автоматика: pitch diameter

42) Полупроводники: photoelectron diffraction

43) Океанография: Position Description

44) Медицинская техника: Power Doppler (УЗИ)

45) Макаров: physical development

46) Безопасность: Parallel Decode

47) Расширение файла: Performance Data

48) Нефть и газ: pump discharge, ДР ( доказанные разрабатываемые запасы) (Proven Developed reserves), ущерб для имущества и материалов

49) Электротехника: partial discharge, periodic duty, power divider

50) Имена и фамилии: Philip Dey

51) Должность: Pizza Delivery, Porch Dog, Private Detective, Program Director

52) Чат: Pretty Disappointing

53) NYSE. Phelps Dodge Corporation

54) Федеральное бюро расследований: Portland Field Office

55) Международная торговля: Project Delivery

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > pd

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См. также в других словарях:

Demonstration — Dem on*stra tion, n. [L. demonstratio: cf. F. d[ e]monstration.] 1. The act of demonstrating; an exhibition; proof; especially, proof beyond the possibility of doubt; indubitable evidence, to the senses or reason. [1913 Webster] Those intervening … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Demonstration (teaching) — Demonstration involves showing by reason or proof, explaining or making clear by use of examples or experiments. Put more simply, demonstration means to clearly show.[1] In teaching through demonstration, students are set up to potentially… … Wikipedia
Process music — or systems music is music that arises from a process, and more specifically, music that makes that process audible. The term predates and is often used synonymously with minimalism. The specific term Process Music was coined (in this sense) by… … Wikipedia
demonstration — [dem′ən strā′shən] n. [ME demonstracion < L demonstratio < demonstrare: see DEMONSTRATE] 1. the act, process, or means of making evident or proving 2. an explanation by example, experiment, etc. 3. a practical showing of how something works … English World dictionary
demonstration — demonstrational, adj. demonstrationist, n. /dem euhn stray sheuhn/, n. 1. the act or circumstance of proving or being proved conclusively, as by reasoning or a show of evidence: a belief incapable of demonstration. 2. something serving as proof… … Universalium
demonstration — /dɛmənˈstreɪʃən / (say demuhn strayshuhn) noun 1. the proving of anything conclusively, as by arguments, reasoning, evidence, etc. 2. proof, or anything serving as a proof. 3. a description or explanation, as of a process, given with the help of… …
demonstration — dem·on·stra·tion .dem ən strā shən n an act, process, or means of demonstrating to the intelligence esp a proof by experiment <a demonstration of the neutralization of an acid by a base> … Medical dictionary
demonstration — dem•on•stra•tion [[t]ˌdɛm ənˈstreɪ ʃən[/t]] n. 1) the act of proving, as by reasoning or a show of evidence 2) something serving as proof or supporting evidence 3) a description or explanation, as of a process, illustrated by examples, specimens … From formal English to slang
demonstration — noun Date: 14th century 1. an act, process, or means of demonstrating to the intelligence: as a. (1) conclusive evidence ; proof (2) derivation 5 b. a showing of the merits of a product or … New Collegiate Dictionary
Advanced Oxidation Process — Advanced Oxidation Processes (abbreviation: AOP), refers to a set of chemical treatment procedures designed to remove organic and inorganic materials in waste water by oxidation.Contaminants are oxidized by four different reagents: ozone,… … Wikipedia
Direct demonstration — Demonstration Dem on*stra tion, n. [L. demonstratio: cf. F. d[ e]monstration.] 1. The act of demonstrating; an exhibition; proof; especially, proof beyond the possibility of doubt; indubitable evidence, to the senses or reason. [1913 Webster]… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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process+demonstration

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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process+demonstration

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