Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

practices+of+punishment

  • 1 практика покарання

    practice of punishment, practices of punishment

    Українсько-англійський юридичний словник > практика покарання

  • 2 aversión

    f.
    aversion, antipathy, hate, hatred.
    * * *
    1 aversion
    \
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF (=repulsión) aversion; (=aborrecimiento) disgust, loathing

    aversión hacia o por algo — aversion to sth

    cobrar aversión a algn/algo — to take a strong dislike to sb/sth

    * * *
    femenino aversion

    siento aversión por ella — I loathe her, I have a real aversion to her

    * * *
    = antipathy, disinclination, dislike, disliking, aversion, loathing, distaste, avoidance, disgust.
    Ex. Of particular note is his classic monograph 'Prejudices and Antipathies', published by Scarecrow Press, a critique of LC entry and subject heading practices.
    Ex. The base of higher education is shrinking because of an evident disinclination on the part of growing numbers of eligible students to extend their education.
    Ex. Because of this human characteristic of dislike of work, most people must be coerced, controlled, directed, threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort.
    Ex. Reactions to the serious novels and the monographs are never simply of liking or disliking.
    Ex. The central hypothesis is that an aversion to neologisms (especially newly coined words) impedes the introduction and acceptance of new concepts.
    Ex. The article 'The hype and the hope: fear and loathing on the net' argues that the fears and mistrust of the Internet are based upon ignorance about new technology.
    Ex. Some detractors cite political reasons for this, for example the apparent scarcity of public funds and taxpayers' distaste for anything 'governmental'.
    Ex. This avoidance of unnecessary repetition in the listing of concepts is a feature of CC and of all faceted classification schemes.
    Ex. I gave him a look of scorn and disgust, but he merely laughed at me.
    ----
    * preferencias y aversiones = likes and dislikes.
    * sentir aversión por = have + aversion to.
    * tener aversión a = have + aversion to.
    * * *
    femenino aversion

    siento aversión por ella — I loathe her, I have a real aversion to her

    * * *
    = antipathy, disinclination, dislike, disliking, aversion, loathing, distaste, avoidance, disgust.

    Ex: Of particular note is his classic monograph 'Prejudices and Antipathies', published by Scarecrow Press, a critique of LC entry and subject heading practices.

    Ex: The base of higher education is shrinking because of an evident disinclination on the part of growing numbers of eligible students to extend their education.
    Ex: Because of this human characteristic of dislike of work, most people must be coerced, controlled, directed, threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort.
    Ex: Reactions to the serious novels and the monographs are never simply of liking or disliking.
    Ex: The central hypothesis is that an aversion to neologisms (especially newly coined words) impedes the introduction and acceptance of new concepts.
    Ex: The article 'The hype and the hope: fear and loathing on the net' argues that the fears and mistrust of the Internet are based upon ignorance about new technology.
    Ex: Some detractors cite political reasons for this, for example the apparent scarcity of public funds and taxpayers' distaste for anything 'governmental'.
    Ex: This avoidance of unnecessary repetition in the listing of concepts is a feature of CC and of all faceted classification schemes.
    Ex: I gave him a look of scorn and disgust, but he merely laughed at me.
    * preferencias y aversiones = likes and dislikes.
    * sentir aversión por = have + aversion to.
    * tener aversión a = have + aversion to.

    * * *
    aversion
    le tiene aversión a la carne he has a strong dislike of o an aversion to meat
    siento aversión por ella I loathe o can't stand her, I have a real aversion to her
    * * *

    aversión sustantivo femenino
    aversion
    aversión sustantivo femenino aversion
    ' aversión' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abominar
    - horror
    - inquina
    - invencible
    - repugnancia
    English:
    antipathy
    - aversion
    - dislike
    - loathing
    - repugnance
    - repulsion
    * * *
    aversion;
    tener aversión a algo, sentir aversión hacia algo to feel aversion towards sth;
    tomar aversión a algo to take a dislike to sth
    * * *
    f aversion
    * * *
    aversión nf, pl - siones : aversion, dislike
    * * *
    aversión n dislike

    Spanish-English dictionary > aversión

  • 3 libre

    adj.
    1 free.
    un taxi libre a free o empty taxi
    el puesto de tesorero ha quedado libre the post of treasurer is now vacant
    ser libre de o para hacer algo to be free to do something
    2 external (pupil).
    estudiar por libre to be an external student
    3 floating.
    pres.subj.
    1st person singular (yo) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: librar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) free
    2 (asiento) free, vacant
    ■ ¿está libre? is this seat free?
    4 (exento) free
    5 (alumno) external
    6 (en natación) free-style
    \
    dejar libre a alguien to set somebody free
    ir por libre familiar to do one's own thing
    entrada libre free admittance
    * * *
    adj.
    1) free
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [gen] free (de from, of)

    ¿estás libre? — are you free?

    el martes estoy libre, así que podemos quedar — I'm free on Tuesday so we can meet up

    2) (=exento)
    3) (=sin ocupar) [plaza] vacant, unoccupied

    ¿está libre este asiento? — is this seat free?

    libre — [parking] spaces; [taxi] for hire

    4) [tiempo] spare, free
    5)
    6)

    • por libre (=por cuenta propia) —

    ir o funcionar por libre — to go it alone

    7) (Dep, Natación)
    saque 1., 1), tiro 3)
    8) [traducción, adaptación, verso] free
    9)

    libre a bordo — (Com) free on board

    10) † (=inmoral) loose, immoral

    de vida libre — loose-living, immoral

    2. SM
    1) (Dep) (=tiro) free kick
    2) Méx taxi
    3.
    SMF (Dep) (=jugador) sweeper
    * * *
    1) <país/pueblo> free

    libre de + inf — free to + inf

    2)
    a) <traducción/adaptación> free
    b) < estudiante> external

    ir por libre — (Esp fam) to do as one pleases

    3) ( no ocupado) <persona/tiempo/asiento> free

    ¿tienes un rato libre? — do you have a (spare) moment?

    ¿está libre el cuarto de baño? — is the bathroom free?

    4) (exento, no sujeto)

    libre de algo: la empresa queda libre de toda responsabilidad the company does not accept any responsibility; artículos libres de impuestos duty-free goods; nadie está libre de que le pase una cosa así — something like that could happen to any of us

    * * *
    = free [freer -comp., freest -sup.], unrestricted, unchecked, unconstrained, unhindered, uninhibited, unobstructed, untrammelled, vacant, unfettered, up for grabs, footloose, free-flowing, at large, unassigned, freewheeling [free-wheeling], fancy-free.
    Ex. Within a restriction of total record size of maximum of 30,000 characters, an intending user is free to format the records in his system.
    Ex. Although the library community advocates unrestricted access to resources for all, professional practices illustrate that librarians restrict access for youth.
    Ex. The volume of published material tends to grow unchecked, and academic libraries are expected to provide a ready market for it.
    Ex. Libraries need to tackle issues that can ensure that their clients will have an unconstrained access to electronic information.
    Ex. The USA is, therefore, campaigning for absolutely unhindered information flow across all national boundaries.
    Ex. Barriers to the uninhibited international flow of scientific and technical information continue to increase.
    Ex. From the library she could see miles and miles of unobstructed vistas of rich, coffee-brown, almost black soil, broken only by occasional small towns, farms, and grain elevators.
    Ex. In times of war, or other reasons for the imposition of barriers to untrammelled distribution of information, such openness in communication cannot be allowed.
    Ex. Again we find that only the first entry leads us to the specific subject, and the others may in fact lead us to ` vacant' headings, ie headings under which no entries are filed.
    Ex. This article urges those responsible to ensure that the service goal of libraries remains as unfettered as possible by a collective agreement.
    Ex. The article 'Internet domain name control up for grabs' relates the decision by the National Science Foundation, USA, not to renew its agreement with Network Solutions Inc to handle Internet domain registrations.
    Ex. Americans are among the most opulent and footloose people on earth.
    Ex. Creating an innovative organisation requires a sponsor followed by guidance by example and gradual change aided by free-flowing communication.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'Librarian at large'.
    Ex. If you would like to volunteer to present on one of the unassigned listed topics, please contact me.
    Ex. The culture that grew around this institution was even more freewheeling than it is today.
    Ex. In those days, he was a fancy-free young American, living out of a suitcase with a red and green camera always under his arm.
    ----
    * actividad al aire libre = outdoor activity.
    * al aire libre = open-air, in the open, out of doors, outdoors.
    * barra libre = open bar.
    * biblioteca de libre acceso = open access library.
    * búsqueda de texto libre = free text search, free-text searching.
    * campo de texto libre = free-text field.
    * comida al aire libre = cookout.
    * de espíritu libre = free-spirited.
    * definición libre = liberal definition.
    * dejar las manos de uno libres de = free + Posesivo + hands from.
    * dejar libre = vacate, leave + vacant.
    * dejar tiempo libre = free up + time.
    * día libre = day off.
    * disponer de un rato libre = spare + time.
    * en los ratos libres de Uno = in + Posesivo + own time, on + Posesivo + own time.
    * escalada libre = free-climbing.
    * espacio al aire libre = outdoor space.
    * espíritu libre = free spirit.
    * esquí estilo libre = freestyle skiing.
    * esquí libre = freestyle skiing.
    * estanterías de libre acceso = open shelves.
    * estar libre de = be free from.
    * estilo libre = freestyle.
    * fondo de inversión libre = hedge fund.
    * fondos de acceso libre = open stacks.
    * fondos de libre acceso = open access stacks.
    * frase de texto libre = free-text phrase.
    * horas libres = released time.
    * indización en lenguaje libre = free language indexing.
    * industria de actividades al aire libre, la = outdoor industry, the.
    * instalaciones para dedicar el tiempo libre = leisure facilities.
    * juego al aire libre = outdoor game.
    * lenguaje de indización libre = free indexing language.
    * lenguaje libre = free language.
    * libre albedrío = free will.
    * libre cambio = laissez-faire.
    * libre circulación de la información = free flow of information.
    * libre circulación de mercancías = free movement of goods.
    * libre comercio = free trade, free movement of goods.
    * libre como el viento = footloose and fancy-free.
    * libre de = unhampered by, unimpeded by, untrammelled by, unencumbered by.
    * libre de censura = uncensored.
    * libre de complicaciones = hassle-free.
    * libre de culpa = guilt-free, blameless.
    * libre de derechos de autor = royalty-free.
    * libre de drogas = drug-free.
    * libre de gravámenes = unencumbered.
    * libre de humo = smokeless.
    * libre de humos = smoke-free.
    * libre de impuestos = tariff-free, duty-free, tax-free.
    * libre de la amenaza de = unthreatened (by).
    * libre de peligro = free of danger.
    * libre de polvo = dust-free.
    * libre de preocupaciones = worry-free.
    * libre de problemas = problem-free, trouble free [trouble-free].
    * libre de restricciones = unencumbered.
    * libre de riesgo = riskless, risk-free.
    * libre de servicio = off-duty.
    * libre de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * libre de trabas = unencumbered.
    * libre mercado = free market.
    * libre y sin compromiso = footloose and fancy-free.
    * manos libres = hands-free.
    * mantener libre de = keep + free of.
    * mercadillo al aire libre = street market, open-air market.
    * mercado al aire libre = street market, open-air market.
    * mercado libre = open market, free-for-all.
    * pasar el tiempo libre = spend + Posesivo + leisure time.
    * piscina al aire libre = outdoor pool, open-air swimming pool, open-air pool.
    * piscina climatizada al aire libre = outdoor heated pool.
    * por libre = freelance.
    * pregunta de respuesta libre = open-ended question.
    * programas de software libre = freeware.
    * puesto de trabajo de libre designación = line position.
    * quedar libre = become + vacant.
    * recuperación de texto libre = free text retrieval.
    * sistema para la recuperación de texto libre = free text retrieval system.
    * software libre = freeware, free software.
    * teatro al aire libre = outdoor theatre.
    * tener un rato libre = spare + time.
    * tiempo libre = leisure, leisure time, free time, idle hours.
    * trabajo por libre = freelance [free-lance].
    * zona libre de humo = smoke-free zone, smoke-free area.
    * * *
    1) <país/pueblo> free

    libre de + inf — free to + inf

    2)
    a) <traducción/adaptación> free
    b) < estudiante> external

    ir por libre — (Esp fam) to do as one pleases

    3) ( no ocupado) <persona/tiempo/asiento> free

    ¿tienes un rato libre? — do you have a (spare) moment?

    ¿está libre el cuarto de baño? — is the bathroom free?

    4) (exento, no sujeto)

    libre de algo: la empresa queda libre de toda responsabilidad the company does not accept any responsibility; artículos libres de impuestos duty-free goods; nadie está libre de que le pase una cosa así — something like that could happen to any of us

    * * *
    = free [freer -comp., freest -sup.], unrestricted, unchecked, unconstrained, unhindered, uninhibited, unobstructed, untrammelled, vacant, unfettered, up for grabs, footloose, free-flowing, at large, unassigned, freewheeling [free-wheeling], fancy-free.

    Ex: Within a restriction of total record size of maximum of 30,000 characters, an intending user is free to format the records in his system.

    Ex: Although the library community advocates unrestricted access to resources for all, professional practices illustrate that librarians restrict access for youth.
    Ex: The volume of published material tends to grow unchecked, and academic libraries are expected to provide a ready market for it.
    Ex: Libraries need to tackle issues that can ensure that their clients will have an unconstrained access to electronic information.
    Ex: The USA is, therefore, campaigning for absolutely unhindered information flow across all national boundaries.
    Ex: Barriers to the uninhibited international flow of scientific and technical information continue to increase.
    Ex: From the library she could see miles and miles of unobstructed vistas of rich, coffee-brown, almost black soil, broken only by occasional small towns, farms, and grain elevators.
    Ex: In times of war, or other reasons for the imposition of barriers to untrammelled distribution of information, such openness in communication cannot be allowed.
    Ex: Again we find that only the first entry leads us to the specific subject, and the others may in fact lead us to ` vacant' headings, ie headings under which no entries are filed.
    Ex: This article urges those responsible to ensure that the service goal of libraries remains as unfettered as possible by a collective agreement.
    Ex: The article 'Internet domain name control up for grabs' relates the decision by the National Science Foundation, USA, not to renew its agreement with Network Solutions Inc to handle Internet domain registrations.
    Ex: Americans are among the most opulent and footloose people on earth.
    Ex: Creating an innovative organisation requires a sponsor followed by guidance by example and gradual change aided by free-flowing communication.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'Librarian at large'.
    Ex: If you would like to volunteer to present on one of the unassigned listed topics, please contact me.
    Ex: The culture that grew around this institution was even more freewheeling than it is today.
    Ex: In those days, he was a fancy-free young American, living out of a suitcase with a red and green camera always under his arm.
    * actividad al aire libre = outdoor activity.
    * al aire libre = open-air, in the open, out of doors, outdoors.
    * barra libre = open bar.
    * biblioteca de libre acceso = open access library.
    * búsqueda de texto libre = free text search, free-text searching.
    * campo de texto libre = free-text field.
    * comida al aire libre = cookout.
    * de espíritu libre = free-spirited.
    * definición libre = liberal definition.
    * dejar las manos de uno libres de = free + Posesivo + hands from.
    * dejar libre = vacate, leave + vacant.
    * dejar tiempo libre = free up + time.
    * día libre = day off.
    * disponer de un rato libre = spare + time.
    * en los ratos libres de Uno = in + Posesivo + own time, on + Posesivo + own time.
    * escalada libre = free-climbing.
    * espacio al aire libre = outdoor space.
    * espíritu libre = free spirit.
    * esquí estilo libre = freestyle skiing.
    * esquí libre = freestyle skiing.
    * estanterías de libre acceso = open shelves.
    * estar libre de = be free from.
    * estilo libre = freestyle.
    * fondo de inversión libre = hedge fund.
    * fondos de acceso libre = open stacks.
    * fondos de libre acceso = open access stacks.
    * frase de texto libre = free-text phrase.
    * horas libres = released time.
    * indización en lenguaje libre = free language indexing.
    * industria de actividades al aire libre, la = outdoor industry, the.
    * instalaciones para dedicar el tiempo libre = leisure facilities.
    * juego al aire libre = outdoor game.
    * lenguaje de indización libre = free indexing language.
    * lenguaje libre = free language.
    * libre albedrío = free will.
    * libre cambio = laissez-faire.
    * libre circulación de la información = free flow of information.
    * libre circulación de mercancías = free movement of goods.
    * libre comercio = free trade, free movement of goods.
    * libre como el viento = footloose and fancy-free.
    * libre de = unhampered by, unimpeded by, untrammelled by, unencumbered by.
    * libre de censura = uncensored.
    * libre de complicaciones = hassle-free.
    * libre de culpa = guilt-free, blameless.
    * libre de derechos de autor = royalty-free.
    * libre de drogas = drug-free.
    * libre de gravámenes = unencumbered.
    * libre de humo = smokeless.
    * libre de humos = smoke-free.
    * libre de impuestos = tariff-free, duty-free, tax-free.
    * libre de la amenaza de = unthreatened (by).
    * libre de peligro = free of danger.
    * libre de polvo = dust-free.
    * libre de preocupaciones = worry-free.
    * libre de problemas = problem-free, trouble free [trouble-free].
    * libre de restricciones = unencumbered.
    * libre de riesgo = riskless, risk-free.
    * libre de servicio = off-duty.
    * libre de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * libre de trabas = unencumbered.
    * libre mercado = free market.
    * libre y sin compromiso = footloose and fancy-free.
    * manos libres = hands-free.
    * mantener libre de = keep + free of.
    * mercadillo al aire libre = street market, open-air market.
    * mercado al aire libre = street market, open-air market.
    * mercado libre = open market, free-for-all.
    * pasar el tiempo libre = spend + Posesivo + leisure time.
    * piscina al aire libre = outdoor pool, open-air swimming pool, open-air pool.
    * piscina climatizada al aire libre = outdoor heated pool.
    * por libre = freelance.
    * pregunta de respuesta libre = open-ended question.
    * programas de software libre = freeware.
    * puesto de trabajo de libre designación = line position.
    * quedar libre = become + vacant.
    * recuperación de texto libre = free text retrieval.
    * sistema para la recuperación de texto libre = free text retrieval system.
    * software libre = freeware, free software.
    * teatro al aire libre = outdoor theatre.
    * tener un rato libre = spare + time.
    * tiempo libre = leisure, leisure time, free time, idle hours.
    * trabajo por libre = freelance [free-lance].
    * zona libre de humo = smoke-free zone, smoke-free area.

    * * *
    A
    1 ‹país/pueblo› free
    lo dejaron libre they set him free
    2 libre DE + INF free to + INF
    eres libre de ir donde quieras you're free to go wherever you want
    soy muy libre de ir vestida como se me antoje I'm perfectly entitled to dress however I like
    3
    (sin compromiso): me confesó que no era libre he admitted that he wasn't a free man
    Compuestos:
    masculine free will
    ● libre cambio or comercio
    masculine free trade
    feminine free market, free market system
    masculine free market
    B
    1 ‹traducción/adaptación› free
    una redacción sobre tema libre an essay on a theme of your choice, a free composition
    los 200 metros libres the 200 meters freestyle
    2 ‹estudiante› external
    trabajar por libre to work freelance
    hacer algo por libre ( Esp); to do sth one's own way
    ir por libre ( Esp fam); to do as one pleases
    1 ‹persona› free
    ¿estás libre esta noche? are you free tonight?
    2 ‹tiempo› free
    ¿tienes un rato libre? do you have a (spare) moment?
    en sus ratos libres in her spare o free time
    hoy tengo el día libre I have the day off today
    cuando tengas un par de horas libres when you have a couple of hours free o to spare
    3 ‹asiento› free
    ¿ese asiento está libre? is that seat free?
    no pasó ni un taxi libre not a single empty taxi went by
    ¿está libre el cuarto de baño? is the bathroom free?
    [ S ] Parking: libre Parking Lot: spaces ( AmE), Car Park: spaces ( BrE)
    D (exento, no sujeto) libre DE algo:
    una propiedad libre de hipotecas an unmortgaged property
    la empresa queda libre de toda responsabilidad the company does not accept any responsibility
    artículos libres de impuestos duty-free o tax-free goods
    nadie está libre de culpa nobody is blameless
    nadie está libre de que le pase una cosa así something like that could happen to any of us
    libre de riesgo risk-free
    ( Méx)
    taxi
    * * *

     

    Del verbo librar: ( conjugate librar)

    libré es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

    libre es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    librar    
    libre
    librar ( conjugate librar) verbo transitivo
    1 ( liberar) libre a algn de algo ‹ de peligro› to save sb from sth;
    ‹de obligación/responsabilidad› to free sb from sth;
    ◊ ¡Dios nos libre! God forbid!

    2 ‹batalla/combate› to fight
    librarse verbo pronominal:

    librese de algo ‹de tarea/obligación› to get out of sth;
    librese de un castigo to escape punishment;
    se libró de tener que ayudarlo she got out of having to help him;
    se libreon de morir asfixiados they escaped being suffocated;
    librese de algn to get rid of sb
    libre adjetivo
    1 ‹país/pueblo› free;

    eres libre de ir donde quieras you're free to go wherever you want;
    libre albedrío free will;
    libre cambio or comercio free trade;
    libre mercado free market
    2 ‹traducción/adaptación› free;

    3 ( no ocupado) ‹persona/tiempo/asiento› free;
    ◊ ¿tienes un rato libre? do you have a (spare) moment?;

    en sus ratos libres in her spare o free time;
    tengo el día libre I have the day off
    4 ( exento):

    librar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 to free: me libró de un castigo, she let me off from a punishment
    2 (una orden de pago) to draw
    II vi (tener el día libre) libra los fines de semana, he has weekends off
    libre adjetivo free: está libre de sospecha, she's free from suspicion
    eres (muy) libre de hacerlo, you are quite free to do it
    libre de impuestos, tax-free
    ¡vía libre!, make way!
    ' libre' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aire
    - albedrío
    - bufé
    - carga
    - desocupada
    - desocupado
    - día
    - entrada
    - franca
    - franco
    - hueca
    - hueco
    - impuesta
    - impuesto
    - librar
    - lucha
    - perilla
    - plaza
    - radical
    - suelta
    - suelto
    - tiempo
    - tienda
    - Tiro
    - tomarse
    - traducción
    - vía
    - aduana
    - caída
    - despejado
    - dios
    - dueño
    - economía
    - estilo
    - falta
    - hora
    - lavadero
    - limpiar
    - limpio
    - lugar
    - melé
    - ocio
    - ocupar
    - paso
    - puerto
    - sacar
    - teatro
    - tiro
    - tomar
    - tranquilo
    English:
    all-in wrestling
    - available
    - buffet
    - clear
    - clearance
    - day off
    - door
    - duty-free
    - economy
    - equity
    - festival
    - free
    - free enterprise
    - free fall
    - free kick
    - free love
    - free rein
    - free trade
    - free-style
    - garden party
    - have off
    - hire
    - leisure time
    - liberal
    - liberty
    - off
    - open
    - open-air
    - outdoor
    - outdoors
    - outdoorsman
    - own
    - place
    - quit
    - sky-dive
    - sky-diver
    - sleep out
    - smokeless zone
    - spare
    - take off
    - tax free
    - unoccupied
    - vacancy
    - vacant
    - day
    - demand
    - duty
    - enterprise
    - foot
    - freelance
    * * *
    libre adj
    1. [sin limitaciones] free;
    el amor libre free love;
    ser libre de o [m5] para hacer algo to be free to do sth;
    eres libre de hacer lo que quieras you are free to do as you wish;
    es libre para casarse con quien quiera she is free to marry whoever she pleases;
    entrada libre [en letrero] entry free
    libre albedrío free will; Econ libre cambio free trade; [de divisas] floating exchange rates; Econ libre circulación de capitales free circulation of capital;
    libre circulación de mercancías free movement of goods;
    libre circulación de personas free movement of people;
    libre mercado free market
    2. [no encarcelado] free
    3. [país] free
    4. [sin novio, pareja] free, available
    5. [sin obstáculos] [camino, carretera] clear
    6.
    libre de [exento] exempt from;
    libre de culpa free from blame;
    libre de franqueo esp Br post-free, US postage-free;
    libre de impuestos [alcohol, cigarrillos] tax-free, duty-free
    7. [desocupado] [asiento] free;
    [retrete] vacant; [casa] empty;
    ¿estarás libre mañana? will you be free tomorrow?;
    el puesto de tesorero ha quedado libre the post of treasurer is now vacant;
    un taxi libre a free o empty taxi;
    libre [en taxi] for hire;
    ahora no tengo las manos libres my hands are full at the moment;
    aparcamiento: libre [en letrero] parking: spaces
    8. [tiempo] free, spare;
    cuando tenga un rato libre, te llamo I'll call you when I've got a (spare) moment;
    en mis ratos libres me gusta tocar el piano in my spare o free time I like to play the piano;
    mañana tengo el día libre I've got the day off tomorrow;
    tengo dos horas libres I have two hours spare
    9. [independiente] independent;
    [alumno] external;
    trabajar por libre to work freelance;
    estudiar por libre to be an external student;
    Esp
    ir por libre to do things one's own way;
    Esp
    cuando viajo me gusta ir por libre más que ir en grupo I prefer travelling alone to travelling in a group
    10. [estilo, traducción] free;
    Dep
    200 metros libres 200 metres freestyle
    * * *
    adj free; tiempo spare, free;
    eres libre de you’re free to;
    trabajar por libre be self-employed;
    * * *
    libre adj
    1) : free
    un país libre: a free country
    libre de: free from, exempt from
    libre albedrío: free will
    2) desocupado: vacant
    3)
    día libre : day off
    * * *
    libre adj free
    libre de impuestos tax free / duty free

    Spanish-English dictionary > libre

  • 4 πράσσω

    πράσσω, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. [full] πρήσσω, [dialect] Att. [full] πράττω (first in IG12.7.11, al., Ar. and X.), Cret. [full] πράδδω Leg.Gort.1.35: [tense] fut. πράξω, [dialect] Ion. πρήξω: [tense] aor. ἔπραξα, [dialect] Ion. ἔπρηξα: [tense] pf. πέπραχα, [dialect] Ion. πέπρηχα, (trans.) Hdt.5.106, X.HG5.2.32, Cyr.3.1.15, Din.3.21, Men.619, IG9(2).517.36 (Larissa, iii B. C.), PHib.1.80.11 (iii B. C.), (intr.) Pl.Com.187 codd., Arist.Rh.Al. 1440a36: [tense] plpf. ἐπεπράχει ([etym.] ν) (trans.) X. l.c., (intr.) App. BC5.83: [tense] pf. 2 πέπρᾱγα, [dialect] Ion. πέπρηγα, (intr.) Pi.P.2.73, Hdt.2.172, Ar.Pl. 629, Ra. 302, X.HG1.4.2, (trans.) Arist.EN 1168b35, al., SIG 364.70 (Ephesus, iii B. C.): [tense] plpf. ἐπεπράγεσαν (intr.) Th.2.4,7.24:— [tense] pf. πέπραγα [dialect] Att., πέπραχα Hellenistic, acc. to Moer.p.293 P., Phryn. PSp.103 B., but see above:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.
    A

    πράξομαι Antipho Fr.67

    , X. HG6.2.36 (also in pass. sense, Pi.P.4.243 (prob.), Pl.R. 452a): [tense] aor.

    ἐπραξαμην S.OT 287

    , Th.4.65, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. (v.supr.), also

    πραχθήσομαι Aeschin.3.98

    , Arist.Rh. 1359a11, etc.; [tense] fut. 3

    πεπράξομαι S.OC 861

    , Ar.Av. 847, Eup.9.3 D.: [tense] aor.

    ἐπράχθην S.Tr. 679

    , Th.4.54, etc.: [tense] pf.

    πέπραγμαι A.Pr.75

    , etc. (sts. in med. sense, v. infr. vi). [[pron. full] ᾱ by nature, as is shown by the [dialect] Ion. form πρήσσω, and by the accent in πρᾶγμα, πρᾶξις, etc.]
    I in [dialect] Ep. only, pass through, pass over,

    δὶς τόσσον ἅλα πρήσσοντες ἀπῆμεν Od.9.491

    ;

    ῥίμφα πρήσσοντε κέλευθον Il.14.282

    , 23.501;

    ῥίμφα πρήσσουσι κέλευθον Od.13.83

    ;

    ὁδὸν πρήσσουσιν ὁδῖται h.Merc. 203

    : c. gen.,

    ἵνα πρήσσωμεν ὁδοῖο Il.24.264

    , Od.15.219; ὄφρα πρ. ὁδοῖο ib.47;

    ἵνα πρήσσῃσιν ὁδοῖο 3.476

    : Gramm. note that this sense is found only in [tense] pres., An.Ox.1.355, EM688.1.
    II experience certain for- tunes, fare well or ill,

    ὁ στόλος οὕτως ἔπρηξε Hdt.3.26

    , cf.4.77, Th.7.24; so

    ὡς ἔπρηξε Hdt.7.18

    ;

    κατὰ νόον π. Id.4.97

    , cf. Ar.Eq. 549;

    πράξασαν ὡς ἔπραξεν A.Ag. 1288

    ;

    εὖ πέπραγεν, ὅτι.. Pi.P.2.73

    , cf. Hdt.1.24,42, etc.;

    φλαύρως π. τῷ στόλῳ Id.6.94

    ;

    π. καλῶς A.Pr. 979

    ;

    χαλεπώτατα π. Th.8.95

    ;

    ταπεινῶς π. Isoc.5.64

    ;

    ὅστις καλῶς πράττει, οὐχὶ καὶ εὖ πράττει; Pl.Alc.1.116b

    ;

    π. εὐτυχῶς S.Ant. 701

    ;

    κάλλιστα E.Heracl. 794

    ; μακαρίως, εὐδαιμόνως, Ar.Pl. 629, 802: freq. with neut. Pron. or Adj.,

    εὖ π. τι S.OT 1006

    , cf. OC 391;

    μηδὲν εὖ π. X.Mem.1.6.8

    ;

    χρηστόν τι π. Ar.Pl. 341

    ;

    καλά Th.6.16

    ;

    χείρω Id.7.71

    ;

    μεγάλα E.IA 346

    ;

    πάντ' ἀγαθά Ar.Ra. 302

    , cf. Eq. 683 (lyr.);

    εὐδαίμονα E.El. 1359

     (anap.);

    πολλὰ καὶ ἀγαθά X.An.6.4.8

    ;

    οἷον ἥθελεν S.OC 1704

     (lyr.);

    πράξας ἅπερ ηὔχου E.Or. 355

     (anap.), cf.X.Mem.3.9.14.
    III achieve, effect, accomplish,

    οὔ τι Il.1.562

    , 11.552, Od.2.191, etc.;

    οὐδέ τι ἔργον ἐνθάδ' ἔτι πρήξει 19.324

    , cf. 16.88;

    χρῆμα μὲν οὐ πρήξεις, σὺ δ' ἐτώσια πόλλ' ἀγορεύσεις Hes.Op. 402

    ; κλέος ἔπραξεν won it, Pi.I.5(4).8; ἔπραξε δεσμόν achieved bondage, i.e. brought it on himself, Id.P.2.40;

    τινὰ Νηρεΐδων π. ἄκοιτιν Id.N.5.36

    ; ὕμνον π. grant power of song, ib.9.3; λεόντεσσι π. φόνον do slaughter upon them, ib.3.46;

    τὴν Κυπρίων ἀπόστασιν π. Hdt.5.113

    ; π. εἰρήνην, φιλίαν, bring it about, D.3.7, 18.162; π. τι παρά τινος get something from..,

    ὧν δέονται πάντων πεπραγότες εἶεν παρὰ βασιλέως X.HG1.4.2

    ;

    ἐλπὶς πράξειν τι παρὰ τῶν θεῶν ἀγαθόν Isoc.2.20

    ; also, attempt, plot,

    δήμου κατάλυσιν And.3.6

    : c. dat. pers.,

    δαίμοσιν π. φίλα A.Pr. 660

    ;

    Αοξίᾳ χάριν E. Ion37

    , cf. 896 (lyr.), El. 1133, etc.;

    σὺ τοῦτο πράξεις ὥστε..; A.Eu. 896

    :—[voice] Pass.,

    πέπρακται τοὖργον Id.Pr.75

    ;

    φεῦ φεῦ πέπρακται E.Hipp. 680

    ;

    τὰ πεπραγμένα Pi.O.2.15

    , etc.;

    ἡ ἐπὶ τοῖς πεπρ. ἀδοξία D. 1.11

    ;

    τὰ πεπρ. λῦσαι Id.24.76

    ;

    τὰ πραχθέντα A.Pr. 683

    , etc.; τὰ ἔργα τῶν πραχθέντων the facts of what took place, Th.1.22;

    οὐ γὰρ ἂν τό γε πραχθὲν ἀγένητον θείη Pl.Prt. 324b

    .
    3 of sexual intercourse,

    ἐπράχθη τὰ μέγιστα Theoc.2.143

    .
    4 to be busy with, σὺ μὲν τὰ σαυτῆς πρᾶσσ' mind your own business, S.El. 678;

    πράττων ἔκαστος τὸ αὑτοῦ Pl. Phdr. 247a

    , cf. Plt. 307e;

    τὰ αὑτοῦ π. καὶ μὴ πολυπραγμονεῖν Id.R. 433a

    , cf. 400e, etc. (whereas πολλὰ π. = πολυπραγμονεῖν, Hdt.5.33, E.HF 266, Ar.Ra. 228, etc.);

    φιλοσόφου τὰ αὑτοῦ πράξαντος καὶ οὐ πολυπραγμονήσαντος Pl.Grg. 526c

    , cf. Ap. 33a, etc.; οὐδ' εὖ.. οἰκοῦνται αἱ πόλεις, ὅταν τὰ αὑτῶν ἕκαστοι πράττωσι (ironical) Id.Alc.1.127b; μὴ τὰ αὑτῶν π. not to act their part, Id.R. 452c;

    π. τὰ δέοντα X.Mem. 3.8.1

    .
    5 manage affairs, do business, act, εἰπεῖν τε καὶ πρᾶξαι ib.2.9.4, cf. 2.8.6; πράττειν τὰ πολιτικὰ πράγματα, τὰ τῆς πόλεως, manage state-affairs, take part in government, Pl.Ap. 31d, Lys.16.20;

    τὰ Ἀθηναίων Pl.Smp. 216a

    ;

    οἱ τὰ κοινὰ π. καὶ πολιτευόμενοι Arist.Pol. 1324b1

    : abs., without any addition, ἱκανωτάτω λέγειν τε καὶ πράττειν, of able statesmen, X.Mem.1.2.15, cf. 4.2.1,4;

    πολιτεύεσθαι καὶ π. D.18.45

    , cf. 59, Pl.Prt. 317a.
    6 generally, transact, negotiate, manage,

    οἱ πράξαντες πρὸς αὐτὸν τὴν λῆψιν τῆς πόλεως Th. 4.114

    ; Θηβαίοις τὰ πράγματα π. manage matters for their interest, D.19.77:—so in [voice] Pass., τῷ Ἱπποκράτει τὰ.. πράγματα ἀπό τινων ἀνδρῶν.. ἐπράσσετο matters were negotiated with him by.., Th.4.76: but freq. abs., treat, negotiate, manage, act, οἱ πράσσοντες αὐτῷ ib. 110, cf. 5.76;

    π. πρός τινα Id.2.5

    , 4.73, etc.; ἐς (v.l. πρὸς) τοὺς βαρβάρους, ἐς τοὺς Εἵλωτας, Id.1.131, 132:—[voice] Pass.,

    ἐπράττετο οὐ πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους Aeschin.3.64

    ; also

    π. τι ὑπὲρ τῶν κοινῶν D.26.2

    ;

    π. ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως τὰ πάτρια Id.59.73

    ;

    π. περὶ εἰρήνης X.HG6.3.3

    ;

    π. τῇ δύναιτο ἄριστα Hdt.5.30

    ;

    π. ὡς ἄριστα καὶ πιστότατα Th.1.129

    ;

    οἱ πράσσοντες

     the traitors,

    Id.4.89

    , 113:—folld. by dependent clauses,

    πρᾶσσε καὶ τὰ ἐμὰ καὶ τὰ σὰ ὅπῃ κάλλιστα ἕξει Id.1.129

    ; ἐς τὴν Πελοπόννησον ἔπρασσεν, ὅπῃ ὠφελία τις γενήσεται ib.65; π. ὅπως πόλεμος γένηται ib.57; π. ὅπως τιμωρήσονται ib.56, cf. 3.4,70, etc.: c. acc. et inf.,

    μὴ δεῦρο πλεῖν τὴν ναῦν ἔπραττεν D.32.22

    .
    IV practise,

    πόνῳ π. θεοδμάτους ἀρετάς Pi. I.6(5).11

    ;

    δίκαια ἢ ἄδικα Pl.Ap. 28b

    , etc.;

    ταῦτ' ἔπραξάν τε καὶ ἔλεξαν X.Cyr.5.1.1

    ;

    ἃ καὶ λέγειν ὀκνοῦμεν οἱ πεπραχότες Men.619

    : then abs., act,

    π. ἔργῳ μὲν σθένος βουλαῖσι δὲ φρήν Pi.N.1.26

    ; ὡς πράττοντες as doing, Pl.R. 527a; μεθ' ἡμῶν ἔπραττεν, i. e. he took our side, Is.5.14.
    2 study,

    δράματα Suid.

     s.v. Ἀριστοφάνης; συλλογισμούς Arr.Epict.2.17.27; ἐν τοῖς πραττομένοις in the poems which are now studied, made the subject of commentaries, Sch.Nic. Th.11.
    V c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, πράττειν τινά τι do something to one, E.Hel. 1394, Isoc.12.93;

    ἀγαθόν τι π. τὴν πόλιν Ar. Ec. 108

    .
    VI exact payment from one,

    αὐτοὺς ἑκατὸν τάλαντα ἔπρηξαν Hdt.3.58

    ; πράσσει με τόκον he makes me pay interest, Batr.185;

    π. τινὰ χρέος Pi.O.3.7

    , cf. P.9.104;

    ὅσοι πράξεις πεπράγασιν SIG364.70

     (Ephesus, iii B. C.);

    τοὐφειλόμενον π. Δίκη A.Ch. 311

     (anap.);

    ἀντίποινα Id.Pers. 476

    : freq. of tax-gatherers or other collectors of public debt, IG12.116.16, al., Pl.Lg. 774d;

    π. τὰς εἰσφοράς D.22.77

    , etc.; φόρον ἔπρησσον παρ' ἑκάστων obtained or demanded from.., Hdt.1.106: c. acc. pers., press for payment,

    μὴ π. τοὺς ὀφειλέτας Plb.38.11.10

    ; π. τινά τι ὑπέρ τινος demand from one as the price for a thing, Luc.Vit.Auct.18: metaph., φόνον π. exact punishment or vengeance for a murder: hence, avenge, punish, A.Eu. 624;

    τὰ περὶ τὸν φόνον ἀγριωτέρως π. Pl.Lg. 867d

    :—[voice] Pass., ὑπὸ βασιλέως πεπραγμένος φόρους called on to pay up the tribute, Th.8.5; πραχθεὶς

    ὑπὸτῶνδε Lys.9.21

     codd., cf. Pl.Lg. 921c:—[voice] Med., exact for oneself,

    πράξασθαί τινα μισθόν Pi.O.10(11).30

    ; ἀργύριον, χρήματα, Hdt.2.126, Th.4.65, cf. Ar.Ra. 561, etc.;

    τὴν διπλασίαν π. τὸν ὑποφεύγοντα Pl.Lg. 762b

    , cf. Plb.5.54.11;

    π. τοὺς ἐξάγοντας τριακοστήν D.20.32

    ;

    πράσσεσθαι χρέος Antipho Fr.67

    ; φόρους πράσσεσθαι ἀπό, ἐκ τῶν πόλεων, Th.8.5, 37;

    παρ' αὐτῶν ἃ ὤφειλον Lys.17.3

    , cf. And.2.11: metaph. of exacting punishment, etc.,

    μεγάλ' ἀντ' ὀλίγων ἐπράξαο Call.Lav.Pall.91

    :—[voice] Pass. [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. in med. sense, εἰ μὲν ἐπεπράγμην τοῦτον τὴν δίκην if I had exacted from him the full amount, D.29.2.
    VII c. acc. pers., πράττειν τινά deal with, finish off, euphem.,

    ἔπρασσε δ' ᾇπέρ νιν, ὧδε θάπτει A.Ch. 440

     (lyr.); πεπραγμένοι is f.l.ib. 132.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πράσσω

  • 5 व्यवहार


    vy-avahāra
    m. doing, performing, action, practice, conduct, behaviour MBh. Kāv. etc. ( vyavahāraḥkāryaḥ, with instr., « it should be acted according to);

    commerce orﾠ intercourse with (saha orﾠ comp.) Nir. Kām. etc.;
    affair, matter Nīlak. ;
    usage, custom, wont, ordinary life, common practice Pat. BhP. Hit. ;
    activity, action orﾠ practice of occupation orﾠ business with (loc. orﾠ comp.) Inscr. Kāv. Kathās. ;
    mercantile transaction, traffic, trade with, dealing in (comp.) Mn. MBh. etc.;
    a contract Mn. VIII, 163 ;
    legal procedure, contest at law with ( saha), litigation, lawsuit, legal process ( seeﾠ - matṛikā below) Mn. Yājñ. etc.;
    practices of law andﾠ kingly government IW. 209 ;
    mathematical process Col.;
    administration of justice Gaut. ;
    (fig.) punishment L. ;
    competency to manage one's own affairs, majority (in law) ib. ;
    propriety, adherence to law orﾠ custom ib. ;
    the use of an expression, with regard to, speaking about ( tairevavyavahāraḥ, « just about these is the question», it is to these that the discussion has reference») Kap. Sāh. Sarvad. ;
    designation Jaim. Sch. ;
    compulsory work L. ;
    a sword L. ;
    a sort of tree L. ;
    N. of a ch. of the Agni-purāṇa

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > व्यवहार

  • 6 νόμος

    νόμος, ου, ὁ (νέμω; [Zenodotus reads ν. in Od. 1, 3] Hes.+; loanw. in rabb.—On the history of the word MPohlenz, Nomos: Philol 97, ’48, 135–42; GShipp, Nomos ‘Law’ ’78; MOstwald, Nomos and the Beginnings of Athenian Democracy ’69). The primary mng. relates to that which is conceived as standard or generally recognized rules of civilized conduct esp. as sanctioned by tradition (Pind., Fgm. 152, 1=169 Schr. νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς; cp. SEG XVII, 755, 16: Domitian is concerned about oppressive practices hardening into ‘custom’; MGigante, ΝΟΜΟΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ [Richerche filologiche 1] ’56). The synonym ἔθος (cp. συνήθεια) denotes that which is habitual or customary, especially in reference to personal behavior. In addition to rules that take hold through tradition, the state or other legislating body may enact ordinances that are recognized by all concerned and in turn become legal tradition. A special semantic problem for modern readers encountering the term ν. is the general tendency to confine the usage of the term ‘law’ to codified statutes. Such limitation has led to much fruitless debate in the history of NT interpretation.—HRemus, Sciences Religieuses/Studies in Religion 13, ’84, 5–18; ASegal, Torah and Nomos in Recent Scholarly Discussion, ibid., 19–27.
    ① a procedure or practice that has taken hold, a custom, rule, principle, norm (Alcman [VII B.C.], Fgm. 93 D2 of the tune that the bird sings; Ocellus [II B.C.] c. 49 Harder [1926] τῆς φύσεως νόμος; Appian, Basil. 1 §2 πολέμου ν., Bell. Civ. 5, 44 §186 ἐκ τοῦδε τοῦ σοῦ νόμου=under this rule of yours that governs action; Polyaenus 5, 5, 3 ν. πόμπης; 7, 11, 6 ν. φιλίας; Sextus 123 τοῦ βίου νόμος; Just., A II, 2, 4 παρὰ τὸν τῆς φύσεως ν.; Ath. 3, 1 νόμῳ φύσεως; 13, 1 θυσιῶν νόμῳ)
    ⓐ gener. κατὰ νόμον ἐντολῆς σαρκίνης in accordance w. the rule of an external commandment Hb 7:16. εὑρίσκω τὸν νόμον I observe an established procedure or principle or system Ro 7:21 (ν. as ‘principle’, i.e. an unwritten rightness of things Soph., Ant. 908). According to Bauer, Paul uses the expression νόμος (which dominates this context) in cases in which he prob. would have preferred another word. But it is also prob. that Paul purposely engages in wordplay to heighten the predicament of those who do not rely on the gospel of liberation from legal constraint: the Apostle speaks of a principle that obligates one to observe a code of conduct that any sensible pers. would recognize as sound and valid ὁ νόμος τ. νοός μου vs. 23b (s. νοῦς 1a). Engaged in a bitter struggle w. this νόμος there is a ἕτερος νόμος which, in contrast to the νοῦς, dwells ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου in my (physical) members vs. 23a, and hence is a νόμος τῆς ἁμαρτίας vs. 23c and 25b or a νόμος τ. ἁμαρτίας καὶ τ. θανάτου 8:2b. This sense prepares the way for the specific perspective
    ⓑ of life under the lordship of Jesus Christ as a ‘new law’ or ‘system’ of conduct that constitutes an unwritten tradition ὁ καινὸς ν. τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 2:6; in brief ν. Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IMg 2 (cp. Just., D. 11, 4; 43, 1; Mel., P. 7, 46). Beginnings of this terminology as early as Paul: ὁ ν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ =the standard set by Christ Gal 6:2 (as vs. 3 intimates, Christ permitted himself to be reduced to nothing, thereby setting the standard for not thinking oneself to be someth.). The gospel is a νόμος πίστεως a law or system requiring faith Ro 3:27b (FGerhard, TZ 10, ’54, 401–17) or ὁ ν. τοῦ πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς ἐν Χρ. Ἰ. the law of the spirit (=the spirit-code) of life in Chr. J. 8:2a. In the same sense Js speaks of a ν. βασιλικός (s. βασιλικός) 2:8 or ν. ἐλευθερίας vs. 12 (λόγος ἐλ. P74), ν. τέλειος ὁ τῆς ἐλευθερίας 1:25 (association w. 1QS 10:6, 8, 11 made by EStauffer, TLZ 77, ’52, 527–32, is rejected by SNötscher, Biblica 34, ’53, 193f. On the theme of spontaneous moral achievement cp. Pind., Fgm. 152 [169 Schr.] 1f νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεὺς | θνατῶν τε καὶ ἀθανάτων | ἄγει δικαιῶν τὸ βιαιότατον| ὑπερτάτᾳ χειρί=custom is lord of all, of mortals and immortals both, and with strong hand directs the utmost power of the just. Plut., Mor. 780c interprets Pindar’s use of νόμος: ‘not written externally in books or on some wooden tablets, but as lively reason functioning within him’ ἔμψυχος ὢν ἐν αὐτῷ λόγῳ; Aristot., EN 4, 8, 10 οἷον ν. ὢν ἑαυτῷ; Diod S 1, 94, 1 ν. ἔγγραπτος; cp. also Ovid, Met. 1, 90 sponte sua sine lege fidem rectumque colebat; Mayor, comm. ‘Notes’ 73.—RHirzel, ΑΓΡΑΦΟΣ ΝΟΜΟΣ 1903.). Some would put ὁ νόμος Js 2:9 here (s. LAllevi, Scuola Cattol. 67, ’39, 529–42), but s. 2b below.—Hermas too, who in part interprets Israel’s legal tradition as referring to Christians, sees the gospel, exhibited in Christ’s life and words, as the ultimate expression of God’s will or ‘law’. He says of Christ δοὺς αὐτοῖς (i.e. the believers) τὸν ν., ὅν ἔλαβε παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ Hs 5, 6, 3, cp. Hs 8, 3, 3. Or he sees in the υἱὸς θεοῦ κηρυχθεὶς εἰς τὰ πέρατα τῆς γῆς, i.e. the preaching about the Son of God to the ends of the earth, the νόμος θεοῦ ὁ δοθεὶς εἰς ὅλον. τ. κόσμον 8, 3, 2. Similarly to be understood are τηρεῖν τὸν ν. 8, 3, 4. ὑπὲρ τοῦ ν. παθεῖν 8, 3, 6. ὑπὲρ τοῦ ν. θλίβεσθαι 8, 3, 7. ἀρνησάμενοι τὸν νόμον ibid. βλασφημεῖν τὸν ν. 8, 6, 2.
    ② constitutional or statutory legal system, law
    ⓐ gener.: by what kind of law? Ro 3:27. ν. τῆς πόλεως the law of the city enforced by the ruler of the city (ν. ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι γραπτός Orig., C. Cels. 5, 37, 2); the penalty for breaking it is banishment Hs 1:5f. τοῖς ν. χρῆσθαι observe the laws 1:3; πείθεσθαι τοῖς ὡρισμένοις ν. obey the established laws Dg 5:10; νικᾶν τοὺς ν. ibid. (νικάω 3). Ro 7:1f, as well as the gnomic saying Ro 4:15b and 5:13b, have been thought by some (e.g. BWeiss, Jülicher) to refer to Roman law, but more likely the Mosaic law is meant (s. 3 below).
    ⓑ specifically: of the law that Moses received from God and is the standard according to which membership in the people of Israel is determined (Diod S 1, 94, 1; 2: the lawgiver Mneves receives the law from Hermes, Minos from Zeus, Lycurgus from Apollo, Zarathustra from the ἀγαθὸς δαίμων, Zalmoxis from Hestia; παρὰ δὲ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, Μωϋσῆς receives the law from the Ἰαὼ ἐπικαλούμενος θεός) ὁ ν. Μωϋσέως Lk 2:22; J 7:23; Ac 15:5. ν. Μωϋσέως Ac 13:38; Hb 10:28. Also ὁ ν. κυρίου Lk 2:23f, 39; GJs 14:1. ὁ ν. τοῦ θεοῦ (Theoph. Ant. 2, 14 [p. 136, 4]) Mt 15:6 v.l.; Ro 8:7 (cp. Tat. 7, 2; 32, 1; Ath. 3:2). ὁ ν. ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτῶν etc. J 18:31; 19:7b v.l.; Ac 25:8. κατὰ τὸν ἡμέτερον ν. 24:6 v.l. (cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 131). ὁ πατρῷος ν. 22:3. τὸν ν. τῶν ἐντολῶν Eph 2:15. Since the context of Ac 23:29 ἐγκαλούμενον περὶ ζητημάτων τοῦ νόμου αὐτῶν points to the intimate connection between belief, cult, and communal solidarity in Judean tradition, the term νόμος is best rendered with an hendiadys: (charged in matters) relating to their belief and custom; cp. ν. ὁ καθʼ ὑμᾶς 18:15. Ro 9:31 (CRhyne, Νόμος Δικαιοσύνης and the meaning of Ro 10:4: CBQ 47, ’85, 486–99).—Abs., without further qualification ὁ ν. Mt 22:36; 23:23; Lk 2:27; J 1:17; Ac 6:13; 7:53; 21:20, 28; Ro 2:15 (τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου the work of the law [=the moral product that the Mosaic code requires] is written in the heart; difft. Diod S 1, 94, 1 ν. ἔγγραπτος, s. 1b, above), 18, 20, 23b, 26; 4:15a, 16; 7:1b, 4–7, 12, 14, 16; 8:3f; 1 Cor 15:56; Gal 3:12f, 17, 19, 21a, 24; 5:3, 14; 1 Ti 1:8 (GRudberg, ConNeot 7, ’42, 15); Hb 7:19 (s. Windisch, Hdb. exc. ad loc.), 28a; 10:1; cp. Js 2:9 (s. 1b above); μετὰ τὸν ν. Hb 7:28b; οἱ ἐν τῷ ν. Ro 3:19; κατὰ τὸν ν. according to the (Mosaic) law (Jos., Ant. 14, 173; 15, 51 al.; Just., D. 10, 1) J 19:7b; Ac 22:12; 23:3; Hb 7:5; 9:22. παρὰ τ. νόμον contrary to the law (Jos., Ant. 17, 151, C. Ap. 2, 219; Ath. 1, 3 παρὰ πάντα ν.) Ac 18:13.—νόμος without the art. in the same sense (on the attempt, beginning w. Origen, In Ep. ad Ro 3:7 ed. Lomm. VI 201, to establish a difference in mng. betw. Paul’s use of ὁ νόμος and νόμος s. B-D-F §258, 2; Rob. 796; Mlt-Turner 177; Grafe [s. 3b below] 7–11) Ro 2:13ab, 17, 23a, * 25a; 3:31ab; 5:13, 20; 7:1a (s. above); Gal 2:19b; 5:23 (JRobb, ET 56, ’45, 279f compares κατὰ δὲ τῶν τοιούτων οὐκ ἔστι νόμος Aristot., Pol. 1284a). δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται, ἀνόμοις δὲ … 1 Ti 1:9. Cp. ἑαυτοῖς εἰσιν νόμος Ro 2:14 (in Pla., Pol. and in Stoic thought the wise person needed no commandment [Stoic. III 519], the bad one did; MPohlenz, Stoa ’48/49 I 133; II 75). Used w. prepositions: ἐκ ν. Ro 4:14; Gal 3:18, 21c (v.l. ἐν ν.); Phil 3:9 (ἐκ νόμου can also mean corresponding to or in conformity with the law: PRev 15, 11 ἐκ τῶν νόμων); cp. ἐκ τοῦ νόμου Ro 10:5. διὰ νόμου Ro 2:12b; 3:20b; 4:13; 7:7b; Gal 2:19a, 21; ἐν ν. (ἐν τῷ ν. Iren. 3, 11, 8 [Harv. II 49, 9]) Ro 2:12a, 23; Gal 3:11, 21c v.l.; 5:4; Phil 3:6. κατὰ νόμον 3:5; Hb 8:4; 10:8 (make an offering κατὰ νόμον as Arrian, Anab. 2, 26, 4; 5, 8, 2); χωρὶς ν. Ro 3:21a; 7:8f; ἄχρι ν. 5:13a. ὑπὸ νόμον 6:14f; 1 Cor 9:20; Gal 3:23; 4:4f, 21a; 5:18 (cp. Just., D. 45, 3 οἱ ὑπὸ τὸν ν.).—Dependent on an anarthrous noun παραβάτης νόμου a law-breaker Ro 2:25b ( 27b w. art.); Js 2:11. ποιητὴς ν. one who keeps the law 4:11d (w. art. Ro 2:13b). τέλος ν. the end of the law Ro 10:4 (RBultmann and HSchlier, Christus des Ges. Ende ’40). πλήρωμα ν. fulfilment of the law 13:10. ν. μετάθεσις a change in the law Hb 7:12. ἔργα ν. Ro 3:20a, 28; 9:32 v.l.; Gal 2:16; 3:2, 5, 10a.—(ὁ) ν. (τοῦ) θεοῦ Ro 7:22, 25a; 8:7 because it was given by God and accords w. his will. Lasting Mt 5:18; Lk 16:17 (cp. Bar 4:1; PsSol 10:4; Philo, Mos. 2, 14; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 277).—Used w. verbs, w. or without the art.: ν. ἔχειν J 19:7a; Ro 2:14 (ApcSed 14:5). πληροῦν ν. fulfill the law Ro 13:8; pass. Gal 5:14 (Mel., P. 42, 291). πληροῦν τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ ν. fulfill the requirement of the law Ro 8:4. φυλάσσειν τὸν ν. observe the law Ac 21:24; Gal 6:13. τὰ δικαιώματα τοῦ ν. φυλάσσειν observe the precepts of the law Ro 2:26; διώκειν ν. δικαιοσύνης 9:31a; πράσσειν ν. 2:25a. ποιεῖν τὸν ν. J 7:19b; Gal 5:3; Ro 2:14b, s. below; τὸν ν. τηρεῖν Js 2:10. τὸν ν. τελεῖν Ro 2:27. φθάνειν εἰς ν. 9:31b. κατὰ ν. Ἰουδαϊσμὸν ζῆν IMg 8:1 v.l. is prob. a textual error (Pearson, Lghtf., Funk, Bihlmeyer, Hilgenfeld; Zahn, Ign. v. Ant. 1873 p. 354, 1 [difft. in Zahn’s edition] all omit νόμον as a gloss and are supported by the Latin versions; s. Hdb. ad loc.). τὰ τοῦ ν. ποιεῖν carry out the requirements of the law Ro 2:14b (ApcSed 14:5; FFlückiger, TZ 8, ’52, 17–42). καταλαλεῖν νόμου, κρίνειν ν. Js 4:11abc. ἐδόθη ν. Gal 3:21a.—Pl. διδοὺς νόμους μου εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν Hb 8:10; cp. 10:16 (both Jer 38:33).—Of an individual stipulation of the law ὁ νόμος τοῦ ἀνδρός the law insofar as it concerns the husband (Aristot., Fgm. 184 R. νόμοι ἀνδρὸς καὶ γαμετῆς.—SIG 1198, 14 κατὰ τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐρανιστῶν; Num 9:12 ὁ ν. τοῦ πάσχα; Philo, Sobr. 49 ὁ ν. τῆς λέπρας) Ro 7:2b; cp. 7:3 and δέδεται νόμῳ vs. 2a (on the imagery Straub 94f); 1 Cor 7:39 v.l.—The law is personified, as it were (Demosth. 43, 59; Aeschin. 1, 18; Herm. Wr. 12, 4 [the law of punishment]; IMagnMai 92a, 11 ὁ ν. συντάσσει; b, 16 ὁ ν. ἀγορεύει; Jos., Ant. 3, 274) J 7:51; Ro 3:19.
    ③ a collection of holy writings precious to God’s people, sacred ordinance
    ⓐ in the strict sense the law=the Pentateuch, the work of Moses the lawgiver (Diod S 40, 3, 6 προσγέγραπται τοῖς νόμοις ἐπὶ τελευτῆς ὅτι Μωσῆς ἀκούσας τοῦ θεοῦ τάδε λέγει τ. Ἰουδαίοις=at the end of the laws this is appended: this is what Moses heard from God and is telling to the Jews. ὁ διὰ τοῦ ν. μεταξὺ καθαρῶν καὶ ἀκαθάρτων διαστείλας θεός Iren. 3, 12, 7 [Harv. II 60, 3]; cp. Hippol., Ref. 7, 34, 1) τὸ βιβλίον τοῦ νόμου Gal 3:10b (cp. Dt 27:26). Also simply ὁ νόμος (Jos., Bell. 7, 162 ὁ ν. or 2, 229 ὁ ἱερὸς ν. of the holy book in a concrete sense) Mt 12:5 (Num 28:9f is meant); J 8:5; 1 Cor 9:8 (cp. Dt 25:4); 14:34 (cp. Gen 3:16); Gal 4:21b (the story of Abraham); Hb 9:19. ὁ ν. ὁ ὑμέτερος J 8:17 (cp. Jos., Bell. 5, 402; Tat. 40, 1 κατὰ τοὺς ἡμετέρους ν.). ἐν Μωϋσέως νόμῳ γέγραπται 1 Cor 9:9. καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν νόμῳ κυρίου Lk 2:23 (γέγραπται ἐν νόμῳ as Athen. 6, 27, 23c; IMagnMai 52, 35 [III B.C.]; Mel., P. 11, 71; cp. Just., D. 8, 4 τὰ ἐν τῷ ν. γεγραμμένα); cp. vs. 24. ἔγραψεν Μωϋσῆς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ J 1:45 (cp. Cercidas [III B.C.], Fgm. 1, 18f Diehl2 [=Coll. Alex. p. 204, 29=Knox p. 196] καὶ τοῦθʼ Ὅμηρος εἶπεν ἐν Ἰλιάδι).—The Sacred Scriptures (OT) referred to as a whole in the phrase ὁ ν. καὶ οἱ προφῆται (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 6, 4; cp. Hippol., Ref. 8, 19, 1) the law (הַתּוֹרָה) and the prophets (הַנְּבִיאִים) Mt 5:17; 7:12; 11:13; 22:40; Lk 16:16; Ac 13:15; 24:14; 28:23; Ro 3:21b; cp. Dg 11:6; J 1:45. τὰ γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ ν. Μωϋσέως καὶ τοῖς προφήταις καὶ ψαλμοῖς Lk 24:44.
    ⓑ In a wider sense=Holy Scripture gener., on the principle that the most authoritative part gives its name to the whole (ὁ ν. ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ Theoph. Ant. 1, 11 [p. 82, 15]): J 10:34 (Ps 81:6); 12:34 (Ps 109:4; Is 9:6; Da 7:14); 15:25 (Ps 34:19; 68:5); 1 Cor 14:21 (Is 28:11f); Ro 3:19 (preceded by a cluster of quotations fr. Psalms and prophets).—Mt 5:18; Lk 10:26; 16:17; J 7:49.—JHänel, Der Schriftbegriff Jesu 1919; OMichel, Pls u. s. Bibel 1929; SWesterholm, Studies in Religion 15, ’86, 327–36.—JMeinhold, Jesus u. das AT 1896; MKähler, Jesus u. das AT2 1896; AKlöpper, Z. Stellung Jesu gegenüber d. Mos. Gesetz, Mt 5:17–48: ZWT 39, 1896, 1–23; EKlostermann, Jesu Stellung z. AT 1904; AvHarnack, Hat Jesus das atl. Gesetz abgeschafft?: Aus Wissenschaft u. Leben II 1911, 225–36, SBBerlAk 1912, 184–207; KBenz, D. Stellung Jesu zum atl. Gesetz 1914; MGoguel, RHPR 7, 1927, 160ff; BBacon, Jesus and the Law: JBL 47, 1928, 203–31; BBranscomb, Jes. and the Law of Moses 1930; WKümmel, Jes. u. d. jüd. Traditionsged.: ZNW 33, ’34, 105–30; JHempel, D. synopt. Jesus u. d. AT: ZAW 56, ’38, 1–34.—Lk-Ac: JJervell, HTR 64, ’71, 21–36.—EGrafe, D. paulin. Lehre vom Gesetz2 1893; HCremer, D. paulin. Rechtfertigungslehre 1896, 84ff; 363ff; FSieffert, D. Entwicklungslinie d. paul. Gesetzeslehre: BWeiss Festschr. 1897, 332–57; WSlaten, The Qualitative Use of νόμος in the Pauline Ep.: AJT 23, 1919, 213ff; HMosbech, Pls’ Laere om Loven: TT 4/3, 1922, 108–37; 177–221; EBurton, ICC, Gal 1921, 443–60; PFeine, Theol. des NT6 ’34, 208–15 (lit.); PBenoit, La Loi et la Croix d’après S. Paul (Ro 7:7–8:4): RB 47, ’38, 481–509; CMaurer, D. Gesetzeslehre des Pls ’41; PBläser, D. Gesetz b. Pls ’41; BReicke, JBL 70, ’51, 259–76; GBornkamm, Das Ende d. Gesetzes ’63; HRaisänen, Paul and the Law2 ’87; PRichardson/SWesterholm, et al., Law in Religious Communities in the Rom. Period, ’91 (Torah and Nomos); MNobile, La Torà al tempo di Paolo, alcune ri-flessioni: Atti del IV simposio di Tarso su S. Paolo Apostolo, ed. LPadovese ’96, 93–106 (lit. 93f, n. 1).—Dodd 25–41.—B. 1358; 1419; 1421. DELG s.v. νέμω Ic. Schmidt, Syn. I 333–47. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > νόμος

  • 7 הלכה

    הֲלָכָהf. ( הלך) 1) (cmp. מִנְהָג) practice, adopted opinion, rule.ה׳ כ־ in practice, the opinion of … is the rule. Keth.77a ה׳ כמותו; a. v. fr.ה׳ למשה מסיני a usage dating from Moses as delivered from Sinai, i. e. a traditional law or a traditional interpretation of a written law. Kidd.38b; a. fr. 2) in gen. traditional law, tradition, custom. Orl. III, 9 הערלהה׳ the application of the laws of Orlah (v. עָרְלָה) outside of Palestine is traditional or a custom ( הילכות מדינה, v. Kidd.38b).Y.Bets, II, 61b top לה׳ as a traditional opinion (of a teacher), opp. לעובדא as his own decision for practice. Y.Dem.III, 23c bot., sq. מה׳ according to a custom. Ker.13b ‘which the Lord has spoken (Lev. 10:11) זוה׳ that means traditional interpretations. Ib. III, 9 (15b) אםה׳ נקבל אם לדיןוכ׳ if it is a tradition, we must accept it, but if it is a logical inference, there may be an objection to it. 3) law, contrad. to אֲגָדָה. Ber.31a מתוך דברה׳ from discussion about a law, opp. ה׳ פסוקה a decision arrived at after discussion. Ib. 47b המחדדין … בה׳ who whet each others wits in legal discussion. Snh.82a נתעלמה ממנוה׳ the law had escaped his memory. Ib. ראה … ונזכרה׳ he saw an act and recalled the law; a. v. fr.Pl. הֲלָכוֹת, constr. הִלְכוֹת, הִילְ׳. Kidd. l. c. הי׳ מדינה (v. R. S. to Orl. III, 9; ed. הלכתא מדינה, corr. acc.) the usages of the country (outside of Palestine). Y.Hor.III, end, 48c אילוה׳ that means the collections of laws (Mishnah). Tem.14b כותביה׳ those who reduce traditions (oral law) to writing. Snh.67b הי׳ כשפים the laws concerning the punishment of witchcraft. Ib. הלְ׳ יצירה mystic practices. ‘Sabb.32a; Tosef. ib. II, 10; a. v. fr. הלכה in Talmud Y., heading of Mishnah, in Talm. Bab. מתני׳.

    Jewish literature > הלכה

  • 8 הֲלָכָה

    הֲלָכָהf. ( הלך) 1) (cmp. מִנְהָג) practice, adopted opinion, rule.ה׳ כ־ in practice, the opinion of … is the rule. Keth.77a ה׳ כמותו; a. v. fr.ה׳ למשה מסיני a usage dating from Moses as delivered from Sinai, i. e. a traditional law or a traditional interpretation of a written law. Kidd.38b; a. fr. 2) in gen. traditional law, tradition, custom. Orl. III, 9 הערלהה׳ the application of the laws of Orlah (v. עָרְלָה) outside of Palestine is traditional or a custom ( הילכות מדינה, v. Kidd.38b).Y.Bets, II, 61b top לה׳ as a traditional opinion (of a teacher), opp. לעובדא as his own decision for practice. Y.Dem.III, 23c bot., sq. מה׳ according to a custom. Ker.13b ‘which the Lord has spoken (Lev. 10:11) זוה׳ that means traditional interpretations. Ib. III, 9 (15b) אםה׳ נקבל אם לדיןוכ׳ if it is a tradition, we must accept it, but if it is a logical inference, there may be an objection to it. 3) law, contrad. to אֲגָדָה. Ber.31a מתוך דברה׳ from discussion about a law, opp. ה׳ פסוקה a decision arrived at after discussion. Ib. 47b המחדדין … בה׳ who whet each others wits in legal discussion. Snh.82a נתעלמה ממנוה׳ the law had escaped his memory. Ib. ראה … ונזכרה׳ he saw an act and recalled the law; a. v. fr.Pl. הֲלָכוֹת, constr. הִלְכוֹת, הִילְ׳. Kidd. l. c. הי׳ מדינה (v. R. S. to Orl. III, 9; ed. הלכתא מדינה, corr. acc.) the usages of the country (outside of Palestine). Y.Hor.III, end, 48c אילוה׳ that means the collections of laws (Mishnah). Tem.14b כותביה׳ those who reduce traditions (oral law) to writing. Snh.67b הי׳ כשפים the laws concerning the punishment of witchcraft. Ib. הלְ׳ יצירה mystic practices. ‘Sabb.32a; Tosef. ib. II, 10; a. v. fr. הלכה in Talmud Y., heading of Mishnah, in Talm. Bab. מתני׳.

    Jewish literature > הֲלָכָה

См. также в других словарях:

  • capital punishment — punishment by death for a crime; death penalty. [1575 85] * * * or death penalty Execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense. Capital punishment for murder, treason, arson, and rape was… …   Universalium

  • PUNISHMENT — While there is no modern theory of punishment that cannot, in some form or other, be traced back to biblical concepts, the original and foremost purpose of punishment in biblical law was the appeasement of God. God abhors the criminal ways of… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Corrupt practices — United Kingdom This article is part of the series: Politics and government of the United Kingdom …   Wikipedia

  • Capital punishment — Death penalty and Death sentence redirect here. For other uses, see Death penalty (disambiguation) and Death sentence (disambiguation). Execution and Execute redirect here. For other uses, see Execution (disambiguation) and Execute… …   Wikipedia

  • Corporal punishment in the home — Legality of corporal punishment in the United States Legality of corporal punishment in Europe (and Turkey) …   Wikipedia

  • Beliefs and practices of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints — Mormon doctrine redirects here. For the book by Bruce R. McConkie, see Mormon Doctrine (book). For more details on the study of Latter day Saint beliefs and practices as an academic field, see Mormon studies. Joseph Smith, Jr. said that he saw… …   Wikipedia

  • Crime and Punishment — For other uses, see Crime and Punishment (disambiguation). Crime and Punishment   …   Wikipedia

  • Capital punishment in Canada — Part of a series on Capital punishment Issues Debate · …   Wikipedia

  • Capital punishment in Belarus — Part of a series on Capital punishment Issues Debate · …   Wikipedia

  • Raëlian beliefs and practices — concern the concepts and principles of the Raëlian Church, the religious mission of Claude Vorilhon, a former French auto racing journalist. [http://www.rael.free.fr/75/autopop.htm AutoPop, la revue des pilotes] Raël : Messie ou Menteur ? .… …   Wikipedia

  • Capital punishment in Rhode Island — Rhode Island is the one of the earliest U.S. States to abolish capital punishment, having completely abolished it for all crimes in 1852. The death penalty was later reintroduced in 1872, but it never was carried out before being abolished again… …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»