-
61 nexum
nexum ī, n [P. n. of necto], a bond secured upon the personal liberty of the debtor, voluntary assignment of the person for debt, slavery for debt: ius nexi: nexum inire, L.: omnia nexa civium liberata.* * *obligation between creditor/debtor; (pre-300 BC debtor bondman for non-payment) -
62 участник
сущ.participant (in | of);( партнёр) partner;(член организации и т.п.) member;(сторона в договоре, переговорах и т.п.) party (to)- участник договора
- участник переговоров
- участник правоотношения
- участник прелюбодеяния
- участник сделкиучастник конфликта (спора) — party to a conflict; person in a dispute
участник — ( соучастник) по иску — (co)party to a claim
участник — ( соучастник) преступления — accessory (accomplice) to a crime; criminal participant; (добровольный, сознательный) voluntary (wilful) participant in a crime; (подстрекатель, пособник) abettor in a crime; criminal promoter
участник — ( соучастник) преступного сговора (сообщества) — (co) conspirator; member of a conspiracy
государство- --участник настоящего Статута state-party to this Statute
-
63 natural
naturel(elle)INSURANCE natural disaster catastrophe f naturelle;natural economy économie f non monétaire;COMPUTING natural language langage m naturel;LAW natural person personne f physique ou naturelle;natural resources ressources f pl naturelles;natural wastage = réduction des effectifs due aux départs d'employés non remplacésStrong added that the company is looking to cut costs by trimming from 10 percent to 20 percent of staff, although he said it was too early to say where the ax will fall, or how many people will go. "Staff are being offered voluntary redundancy, and we are hoping to achieve some of the reductions by natural wastage, but the numbers involved mean that some layoffs may be inevitable," he said.
-
64 заключение
сущ.( вывод) conclusion; deduction; implication; inference; pronouncement; (о договоре и т.п.) conclusion; signing; ( лишение свободы) confinement; custody; imprisonment; incarcerationбыть приговорённым к тюремному заключению — to be sent to prison; ( к пожизненному заключению) to be sentenced for (to) life (to life imprisonment); get life
давать (делать) консультативное заключение (по правовым вопросам) — to give an advisory opinion (on legal questions)
запрашивать консультативное заключение (суда) — to ask for (request, submit a request for) an advisory opinion (of the court)
направлять консультативное заключение — ( кому-л) to communicate an advisory opinion (to)
освобождать из заключения — to discharge; release; set at liberty; set free
отбывать срок тюремного заключения — to serve one's sentence; ( о пожизненном заключении) to serve a life sentence
приговаривать к пожизненному тюремному заключению — ( кого-л) to sentence ( smb) for (to) life (to life imprisonment)
прийти к заключению — to arrive at (come to, reach) a conclusion
дом предварительного заключения — detention house; remand home
место заключения — ( лишения свободы) place of confinement (of detention, imprisonment, incarceration)
срок тюремного заключения — jail (prison) term; term of imprisonment
заключение о международной предварительной экспертизе — ( отчёт) international preliminary examination report
заключение под стражу до начала рассмотрения дела в суде — detention until the trial; pretrial detention
заключение сделкиуполномоченным лицом, заключение неуполномоченным лицом — effecting (making) a deal (a transaction) by an (un)authorized person
незаконное заключение под стражу, противоправное заключение под стражу — illegal (unlawful) custody (detention)
- заключение бракапротивоправное заключение под стражу, незаконное заключение под стражу — illegal (unlawful) custody (detention)
- заключение в тюрьму
- заключение договора
- заключение займа
- заключение контракта
- заключение об аутопсии
- заключение о новизне
- заключение под стражу
- заключение под стражу по осуждении
- заключение эксперта
- заключение экспертизы
- вынужденное заключение под стражу
- законное заключение под стражу
- консультативное заключение
- медицинское заключение
- одиночное заключение
- отрицательное заключение
- официальное заключение под стражу
- письменное заключение
- первоначальное заключение под стражу
- пожизненное заключение
- превентивное заключение под стражу
- предварительное заключение
- тюремное заключение
- тюремное заключение после приговора -
65 escape
1) бегство из-под стражи; побег | бежать из-под стражи2) незаконное освобождение из-под стражи | незаконно освобождать из-под стражи3) уйти ( невредимым), освободиться (от исполнения обязанности, от ответственности); остаться безнаказанным•escape by person in custody — побег из-под стражи;
escape by prisoner — побег заключённого;
escape from custody — 1. побег из-под стражи 2. незаконное освобождение из-под стражи;
to escape arrest — 1. избежать ареста 2. бежать из-под ареста;
to escape forcibly — 1. бежать из-под стражи с применением насилия 2. незаконно освобождать из-под стражи с применением насилия;
to escape from punishment — избежать наказания;
- attempted escapeto escape responsibility — избежать ответственности;
- forcible escape
- negligent escape
- voluntary escape -
66 infliction
1) нанесение, причинение ( личного или имущественного вреда)2) назначение, наложение ( наказания)3) наказание•infliction by act — нанесение ( вреда) действием;
infliction by insanity — причинение ( вреда) в состоянии невменяемости;
infliction by negligence — причинение ( вреда) по небрежности;
infliction by omission — причинение ( вреда) бездействием;
- infliction of capital punishmentinfliction by recklessness — причинение ( вреда) по опрометчивости
- infliction of damage
- infliction of death penalty
- infliction of harm
- infliction of injury
- infliction of injury on another person
- infliction of loss
- infliction of penalty
- infliction of punishment
- deliberate infliction
- forced infliction
- forcible infliction
- guilty infliction
- innocent infliction
- insane infliction
- intended infliction
- involuntary infliction
- known infliction
- malicious infliction
- negligent infliction
- premeditated infliction
- reckless infliction
- unintended infliction
- violent infliction
- voluntary infliction
- infliction injury
- wilful infliction -
67 service
1) служба; обслуживание; услуга2) служба, ведомство3) повинность4) личный наём5) уплата (напр. долгов) | уплачивать (напр. долги)6) вручение ( судебного документа)•service by publication — судебное извещение посредством публикации в печати;
service on a jury — выполнение функций присяжного заседателя;
- service of attachmentintegrated probation and parole service(s) — объединённая служба пробации и надзора за условно-досрочно освобождёнными под честное слово
- service of execution
- service of notice
- service of pleadings
- service of pleading
- service of process
- service of public office
- service of sentence
- service of summons
- service of term
- service of warrant
- service of writ
- active service
- actual service
- actual military service
- administrative service
- aftercare service
- appointive service
- armed services
- base service
- career service
- civil service
- community services
- compulsory service
- compulsory military service
- constructive service of process
- constructive service
- correctional service
- Crown service
- custodial service
- debt service
- diplomatic service
- domestic services
- elective service
- escort services
- escort service
- expert services
- field service
- foreign service
- full-time service
- governmental service
- government service
- health care service
- health service
- honorary service
- illegal services
- indentured service
- intelligence service
- investigative services
- jail service
- judicial service
- jury service
- juvenile service
- legal services
- legal service
- life service
- loose leaf reporting service
- military service
- national service
- non-effective service
- occupational health service
- one prison service
- parole service
- part-time service
- penal service
- penitentiary service
- personal service
- personnel service
- police services
- police service
- pretrial service
- prison service
- private service
- probation service
- protection service
- public service
- referral service
- reformatory service
- review services
- salvage service
- secret service
- security service
- selective service
- ship's agency service
- social service
- staff service
- subpoena service
- substituted service
- supply service
- support services
- treatment services
- treatment service
- unneutral service
- voluntary service
- protective service
- illicit services -
68 jurisdiction
n1) судопроизводство, отправление правосудия2) юрисдикция; подсудность- extend jurisdiction over smth.- obtain jurisdiction over smth.- exercise jurisdiction over the subjects citizens travelling or residing abroad3) сфера полномочий, компетенция• -
69 признание признани·е
1) (суверенитета страны, законности правительства и т.п.) recognitionполучить всеобщее признание — to win general recognition, to be universally recognized
международное признание — international / worldwide recognition
фактическое признание, признание де-факто — de facto recognition
юридическое признание, признание де-юре — de jure recognition
предоставление признания — act / grant of recognition
признание нерушимости существующих границ — recognition of the inviolability of existing borders / frontiers
признание равноправия всех рас и национальностей — recognition of the equality of all races and nationalities
2) (общественное уважение) recognition, acknowledgement, acceptanceпользоваться всеобщим признанием — to have a universal reputation, to be generally recognized
3) (выражение своего отношения) acknowledgement; (признание чего-л. правильным) admissionдискредитирующее / компрометирующее признание — damaging admission
признание чьей-л. правоты — acknowledgement that smb. is right
4) юр. (вины, права, требования) confessionпризнание, полученное путём физического принуждения — physically coerced confession
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > признание признани·е
-
70 юрисдикция юрисдикци·я
находиться под территориальной и административной юрисдикцией какой-л. страны — to be under the territorial and administrative jurisdiction of a state
осуществлять юрисдикцию в отношении иностранных консулов — to have jurisdiction respecting foreign consuls
осуществлять юрисдикцию в соответствии с национальным законодательством — to exercise jurisdiction in accordance with national law
осуществлять юрисдикцию над гражданами (своего государства), путешествующими или проживающими за границей — to exercise jurisdiction over the subjects / citizens travelling or residing abroad
подчиняться юрисдикции государства флага судна — to come within / to fall under jurisdiction of smb.'s flag state
установить юрисдикцию над преступлением — to establish jurisdiction over a crime / an offence
государство может получить юрисдикцию над обвиняемым — state may acquire jurisdiction over the person of the accused
бесспорная / неоспоримая юрисдикция — indisputable jurisdiction
предоставить освобождение от гражданской и уголовной юрисдикции — to grant exemption from civil and criminal jurisdiction
гражданская юрисдикция судебных и административных властей — civil jurisdiction of the judicial and administrative authorities
районы, находящиеся под национальной юрисдикцией — areas under national jurisdiction
район за пределами действия национальной юрисдикции — area beyond the limits of national jurisdiction
обязательная юрисдикция — obligatory / mandatory jurisdiction
воды, находящиеся под юрисдикцией государства — waters under state jurisdiction
изъятие из юрисдикции в отношении государств и их имуществ — jurisdictional immunities of states and their property
юрисдикция в отношении открытого моря — jurisdiction on the high / open sea
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > юрисдикция юрисдикци·я
-
71 nexus
1.nexus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from necto.2.nexus, ūs, m. [necto], a tying or binding together, a fastening, joining, an interlacing, entwining, clasping.I.Lit. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):II.et jam contulerant arto luctantia nexu Pectora pectoribus,
Ov. M. 6, 242; cf.:bracchiorum nexibus elidere aliquem (of a wrestler),
Suet. Ner. 53:serpens, baculum qui nexibus ambit,
coils, folds, Ov. M. 15, 659; cf. Plin. 8, 11, 11, § 32; Tac. A. 4, 62:salix solido ligat nexu,
Plin. 16, 37, 69, § 177.—Transf. (with the collat. form nexum, i; v. in the foll.), the state or condition of a nexus (v. necto, I. B.), a personal obligation, an addiction or voluntary assignment of the person for debt, slavery for debt: nexum Manilius scribit, omne, quod per libram et aes geritur, in quo sint mancipia. Mutius, quae per aes et libram fiant, ut obligentur, praeter quae mancipio dentur. Hoc verius esse, ipsum verbum ostendit, de quo quaeritur;B.nam idem quod obligatur per libram neque suum fit, inde nexum dictum. Liber qui suas operas in servitutem pro pecuniā quādam debebat, dum solveret, nexus vocatur, ut ab aere obaeratus,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 105 Müll.:abalienatio est ejus rei, quae mancipi est, aut traditio alteri nexu, aut in jure cessio,
Cic. Top. 5, 28:QVOM NEXVM FACIET, etc., Lex XII. Tab.: qui se nexu obligavit,
Cic. Mur. 2, 3:nexum inire,
Liv. 7, 19:nec civili nexu sed communi lege naturae,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26 Mos. (B. and K., nexo):Attici proprium te esse scribis mancipio et nexo,
id. Fam. 7, 30, 2:cum sunt propter unius libidinem omnia nexa civium liberata nectierque postea desitum,
id. Rep. 2, 34, 59:ut non sustulerit horum nexa atque hereditates,
id. Caecin. 35, 102.—In gen., a legal obligation of any kind:* 2.acceptilatio est liberatio per mutuam interrogationem, quā utriusque contigit ab eodem nexu absolutio,
Dig. 46, 4, 1:partem hereditatis a nexu pignoris liberam consequi,
ib. 10, 2, 33.—Trop.:legis (= vincula, nodi),
obligations, restraints, Tac. A. 3, 28 fin.;v. Orell. ad h. l.: nexus naturalium causarum,
id. ib. 6, 22:causarum latentium,
Curt. 5, 11, 10. -
72 degradation
1 ( humiliation) humiliation f (of de ; of doing de faire) ;2 ( debasement) ( of person) ( imposed) déchéance f ; ( voluntary) avilissement m ; (of culture, knowledge, work) dégradation f ;3 (of environment, facilities) dégradation f (of de) ;4 ( squalor) misère f ; -
73 aid
aid [eɪd]1 noun(a) (help, assistance) aide f;∎ with the aid of sb avec l'aide de qn;∎ with the aid of sth à l'aide de qch;∎ with the aid of half a dozen helpers avec l'aide d'une demi-douzaine d'assistants;∎ I managed to open the tin with the aid of a screwdriver à l'aide d'un tournevis, j'ai réussi à ouvrir la boîte;∎ to come to sb's aid venir à l'aide de qn;∎ to go to sb's aid se porter au secours de ou porter secours à qn∎ food aid aide f alimentaire;∎ overseas aid aide f au tiers-monde;∎ the government gives aid to depressed areas le gouvernement octroie des aides aux régions en déclin(c) (helpful equipment) aide f, support m;∎ teaching aids supports mpl ou aides fpl pédagogiques;∎ visual aids supports mpl visuels(d) (assistant) aide mf, assistant(e) m,f(a) (help → person) aider, venir en aide à; (→ financially) aider, secourir; (→ digestion) faciliter;∎ to aid sb with sth aider qn pour qch;∎ I refuse to aid you in any illegal enterprise je refuse de vous aider dans une quelconque entreprise illicite;∎ they aided one another ils se sont entraidés, ils se sont aidés les uns les autres(b) (give support to → region, industry) aider, soutenir(c) (encourage → development, understanding, recovery) contribuer à∎ to aid and abet sb être (le) complice de qn;∎ figurative aided and abetted by her sister avec la complicité de sa sœur∎ a collection in aid of the homeless une collecte au profit des sans-abri;∎ British familiar figurative what are all these levers in aid of? à quoi servent tous ces leviers?□ ;∎ British familiar figurative what are the cakes in aid of? les gâteaux sont en l'honneur de quoi?;∎ familiar what's all this noise in aid of? qu'est-ce que c'est que tout ce bruit?□►► aid agency organisation f humanitaire;Sport aid climbing escalade f artificielle;Administration aid organization organisme m d'aide; -
74 stakeholder pension
(U.K.) Fin, HRa pension, bought from a private company, in which the retirement income depends on the level of contributions made during a person’s working life. Stakeholder pensions are designed for people without access to an occupational pension plan, and are intended to provide a low-cost supplement to the state earnings related pension plan. A stakeholder pension plan can either be trust-based, like an occupational pension plan, or contractbased, similar to a personal pension. Subject to certain exceptions, employers must provide access to a stakeholder pension plan for employees, although they are not required to establish a stakeholder pension plan themselves. Membership of a stakeholder pension plan is voluntary. -
75 bankruptcy
[ˈbæŋkrəptsɪ]adjudication in bankruptcy объявление банкротом по суду appointment as trustee in bankruptcy назначение управляющим конкурсной массой bankruptcy банкротство; несостоятельность; court of bankruptcy отдел по делам о несостоятельности bankruptcy банкротство bankruptcy несостоятельность bankruptcy of the estate of a deceased person банкротство имущества умершего лица bankruptcy банкротство; несостоятельность; court of bankruptcy отдел по делам о несостоятельности court: bankruptcy of bankruptcy суд по делам несостоятельных должников file a petition in bankruptcy заявлять о банкротстве file a petition in bankruptcy заявлять о несостоятельности final decree in bankruptcy окончательное решение о банкротстве fraudulent bankruptcy злостное банкротство fraudulent: bankruptcy обманный; мошеннический; fraudulent bankruptcy юр. злостное банкротство go into bankruptcy обанкротиться go into bankruptcy разориться imminent bankruptcy неизбежное банкротство involuntary bankruptcy несостоятельность, возбуждение дела о которой производится кредиторами partner's bankruptcy банкротство партнера separate bankruptcy отдельное банкротство trustee in bankruptcy управляющий конкурсной массой trustee: bankruptcy in bankruptcy управляющий конкурсной массой voluntary bankruptcy несостоятельность, возбуждение дела о которой производится самим должником -
76 Concepts
From a psychological perspective, concepts are mental representations of classes (e.g., one's beliefs about the class of dogs or tables), and their most salient function is to promote cognitive economy.... By partitioning the world into classes, we decrease the amount of information we must perceive, learn, remember, communicate, and reason about. Thus, if we had no concepts, we would have to refer to each individual entity by its own name; every different table, for example, would be denoted by a different word. The mental lexicon required would be so enormous that communication as we know it might be impossible. Other mental functions might collapse under the sheer number of entities we would have to keep track of.Another important function of concepts is that they enable us to go beyond the information given.... When we come across an object, say a wolf, we have direct knowledge only of its appearance. It is essential that we go beyond appearances and bring to bear other knowledge that we have, such as our belief that wolves can bite and inflict severe injury. Concepts are our means of linking perceptual and nonperceptual information. We use a perceptual description of the creature in front of us to access the concept wolf and then use our nonperceptual beliefs to direct our behavior, that is, run. Concepts, then, are recognition devices; they serve as entry points into our knowledge stores and provide us with expectations that we can use to guide our actions.A third important function of concepts is that they can be combined to form complex concepts and thoughts. Stoves and burn are two simple concepts; Stoves can burn is a full-fledged thought. Presumably our understanding of this thought, and of complex concepts in general, is based on our understanding of the constituent concepts. (Smith, 1988, pp. 19-20)The concept may be a butterfly. It may be a person he has known. It may be an animal, a city, a type of action, or a quality. Each concept calls for a name. These names are wanted for what may be a noun or a verb, an adjective or an adverb. Concepts of this type have been formed gradually over the years from childhood on. Each time a thing is seen or heard or experienced, the individual has a perception of it. A part of that perception comes from his own concomitant interpretation. Each successive perception forms and probably alters the permanent concept. And words are acquired gradually, also, and deposited somehow in the treasure-house of word memory.... Words are often acquired simultaneously with the concepts.... A little boy may first see a butterfly fluttering from flower to flower in a meadow. Later he sees them on the wing or in pictures, many times. On each occasion he adds to his conception of butterfly.It becomes a generalization from many particulars. He builds up a concept of a butterfly which he can remember and summon at will, although when he comes to manhood, perhaps, he can recollect none of the particular butterflies of past experience.The same is true of the sequence of sound that makes up a melody. He remembers it after he has forgotten each of the many times he heard or perhaps sang or played it. The same is true of colours. He acquires, quite quickly, the concept of lavender, although all the objects of which he saw the colour have faded beyond the frontier of voluntary recall. The same is true of the generalization he forms of an acquaintance. Later on he can summon his concept of the individual without recalling their many meetings. (Penfield, 1959, pp. 228-229)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Concepts
См. также в других словарях:
Voluntary commitment — is the act or practice of a person being admitted to a psychiatric hospital, or other mental health facility, voluntarily, and without the process of involuntary commitment. Unlike in involuntary commitment the person is free to leave the… … Wikipedia
voluntary work — is work that you do not get paid for and usually involves doing things to help other people, especially the elderly or the sick, or working on behalf of a charity or similar organization. Most charitable organizations rely on unpaid volunteers,… … Universalium
Person Centred Planning — Person Centered Planning(PCP) is a process designed to assist someone to make plans for their future. It is used most often as a life planning model to enable individuals with disabilities or otherwise requiring support to increase their personal … Wikipedia
voluntary arrangement — UK US noun [C] FINANCE, LAW ► in the UK, an agreement between a person or company that owes money and is in financial difficulty and their creditors. This allows them to avoid being made officially bankrupt: »One way of reducing repayments is to… … Financial and business terms
Voluntary counseling and testing — (VCT) for HIV usually involves two counseling sessions: one prior to taking the test known as pre test counseling and one following the HIV test when the results are given, often referred to as post test counseling . Counseling focuses on the… … Wikipedia
Voluntary manslaughter — Homicide Murde … Wikipedia
voluntary payment — A payment of an illegal demand, with a full knowledge of all the facts which render the demand illegal, without an immediate and urgent necessity therefor, unless it is to release his person or property from detention or to prevent an immediate… … Ballentine's law dictionary
voluntary — I UK [ˈvɒlənt(ə)rɪ] / US [ˈvɑlənˌterɪ] adjective ** 1) a voluntary action is done because you choose to do it, and not because you have to Some 30,000 workers took voluntary redundancy. The advertising of alcoholic drinks is regulated by a… … English dictionary
voluntary — vol|un|tar|y1 [ valən,teri ] adjective ** 1. ) a voluntary action is done because you choose to do it, and not because you have to: an attractive package to encourage voluntary early retirement The advertising of alcoholic drinks is regulated by… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
voluntary — Unconstrained by interference; unimpelled by another s influence; spontaneous; acting of oneself. Coker v. State, 199 Ga. 20, 33 S.E.2d 171, 174. Done by design or intention. Proceeding from the free and unrestrained will of the person. Produced… … Black's law dictionary
voluntary — adj. & n. adj. 1 done, acting, or able to act of one s own free will; not constrained or compulsory, intentional (a voluntary gift). 2 unpaid (voluntary work). 3 (of an institution) supported by voluntary contributions. 4 Brit. (of a school)… … Useful english dictionary