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per-dŭellis

  • 1 perduellis

    per-dŭellis, is ( gen. plur. perduellūm, Att. ap. Non. 22, 15, or Trag. Rel. p. 238 Rib.; abl. perdvellibus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 49 Müll., or p. 146 Vahl.), m. [per-duellum, i. e. bellum], a public enemy, an enemy actually waging war against a country (mostly anteclass. for the class. hostis):

    quos nos hostes appellamus, eos veteres perduelles appellabant, per eam adjectionem indicantes, cum quibus bellum esset,

    Dig. 50, 16, 234:

    equidem illud etiam animadverto, quod qui proprio nomine perduellis esset, is hostis vocaretur, lenitate verbi tristitiam rei mitigante,

    Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37; Varr. L. L. 5, § 3 Müll.:

    apud Ennium perduelles dicuntur hostes,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 49 ib.: perduelles superati, S. C. ap. Liv. 45, 16, 7:

    pirata non est ex perduellium numero, sed communis hostis omnium,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107; Liv. 25, 12; 36, 2; Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 94; id. Cist. 1, 3, 53; Amm. 26, 7 sq.; 29, 5.—
    II.
    Transf., a private enemy, an enemy, = inimicus (Plautin.), Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 8; cf. id. ib. 15.— Perduellis seems never to mean traitor to one's country (cf. perduellio); in this sense parricida is used instead.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > perduellis

  • 2 perduellis

    per-duellis, is, m. (per u. duellum, archaist. = bellum), I) ein kriegführender, ehrlicher Feind, Plaut., Cic. u.a. – II) übtr., der Privatfeind, Plaut. Pseud. 583 u. 589. – / Genet. Plur. synkop. perduellum, Acc. tr. Aen. 12.

    lateinisch-deutsches > perduellis

  • 3 perduellis

    per-duellis, is, m. (per u. duellum, archaist. = bellum), I) ein kriegführender, ehrlicher Feind, Plaut., Cic. u.a. – II) übtr., der Privatfeind, Plaut. Pseud. 583 u. 589. – ⇒ Genet. Plur. synkop. perduellum, Acc. tr. Aen. 12.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > perduellis

  • 4 bellum

    bellum (ante-class. and poet. duel-lum), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.
    I.
    Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:

    bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,

    Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):

    legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

    quae domi duellique male fecisti,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:

    quique agent rem duelli,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:

    aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,

    id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):

    puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,

    Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,

    quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,

    id. 22, 10, 2:

    victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,

    id. 23, 11, 2:

    si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,

    id. 36, 2, 2;

    and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,

    id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:

    hic... Pacem duello miscuit,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:

    cadum Marsi memorem duelli,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 18:

    vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,

    id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]
    II.
    Form bellum.
    A.
    War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).
    1.
    Specifying the enemy.
    a.
    By adjj. denoting the nation:

    omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,

    id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:

    Britannicum bellum,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    Gallicum,

    id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

    Germanicum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

    Sabinum,

    Liv. 1, 26, 4:

    Parthicum,

    Vell. 2, 46, 2;

    similarly: bellum piraticum,

    the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:

    Sertorianum bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    Mithridaticum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

    Jugurthinum,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;

    similarly: bellum regium,

    the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:

    bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    Asiaticum,

    id. ib. 22, 64:

    Africum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:

    Actiacum,

    Vell. 2, 86, 3:

    Hispaniense,

    id. 2, 55, 2.—
    b.
    With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    Venetorum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16:

    Helvetiorum,

    id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;

    1, 30: Ambiorigis,

    id. ib. 6, 29, 4:

    Pyrrhi, Philippi,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:

    Samnitium,

    Liv. 7, 29, 2.—
    c.
    With cum and abl. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    belli causa cum Samnitibus,

    Liv. 7, 29, 3:

    hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,

    id. 33, 35, 12:

    novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,

    id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—
    (β).
    With cum dependent on the verb:

    quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:

    novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,

    Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—
    d.
    With adversus and acc. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    bellum adversus Philippum,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,

    id. 8, 29, 6.—
    (β).
    With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:

    ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,

    id. 45, 11, 8:

    bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    e.
    With contra and acc.:

    cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    causam belli contra patriam inferendi,

    id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—
    f.
    With in and acc. (very rare):

    Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,

    Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—
    g.
    With inter and acc.:

    hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit,

    Liv. 45, 9, 2.—
    h.
    With apud and acc.:

    secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam,

    Nep. Att. 9, 1.—
    k.
    With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—
    2.
    With verbs.
    a.
    Referring to the beginning of the war.
    (α).
    Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:

    summa erat observatio in bello movendo,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:

    bellum commotum a Scapula,

    id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:

    nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,

    Sall. C. 30, 2:

    is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,

    Liv. 1, 53, 2:

    insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,

    id. 4, 58, 6:

    dii pium movere bellum,

    id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,

    concitare,

    Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—
    (β).
    Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:

    cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,

    Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:

    bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,

    Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,

    parare alicui,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:

    bellum terra et mari comparat,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:

    tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:

    bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,

    Liv. 4, 55, 7:

    numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—
    (γ).
    Bellum differre, to postpone a war:

    nec jam poterat bellum differri,

    Liv. 2, 30, 7:

    mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,

    id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—
    (δ).
    Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):

    omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,

    id. ib. 20, 5:

    de integro bellum sumit,

    id. ib. 62, 9:

    iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,

    Liv. 38, 19, 3:

    sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,

    Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—
    (ε).
    Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:

    bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:

    suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 35:

    judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,

    join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):

    cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,

    undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:

    senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,

    id. 6, 9, 5:

    bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,

    Vell. 2, 3, 3.—
    (ζ).
    Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):

    consensit et senatus bellum,

    Liv. 8, 6, 8:

    bellum erat consensum,

    id. 1, 32, 12.—
    (η).
    Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:

    sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,

    id. ib.:

    cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?

    id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

    Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,

    Liv. 5, 26, 3:

    Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,

    id. 6, 22, 6:

    Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,

    id. 7, 23, 2:

    quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

    cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,

    id. ib. 16, 49:

    hunc toti bello praefecerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

    alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

    bellum administrandum permittere,

    id. ib. 21, 61.—
    (θ).
    Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:

    ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,

    Liv. 1, 32, 13:

    Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,

    id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:

    bellum indici posse existimabat,

    Liv. 1, 22, 4:

    ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,

    id. 1, 22, 6:

    ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,

    id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—
    (κ).
    Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:

    Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,

    Cic. Pis. 34, 84:

    ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:

    bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    bellum patriae faciet,

    id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:

    civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;

    3, 29: constituit bellum facere,

    Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:

    occupant bellum facere,

    they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,

    id. 1, 32, 13:

    populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,

    id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:

    urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—
    (λ).
    Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:

    subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

    aliud multo propius bellum ortum,

    Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    Veiens bellum exortum,

    id. 2, 53, 1.—

    bellum

    (ante-class. and poet.

    duel-lum

    ), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.
    I.
    Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:

    bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,

    Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):

    legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

    quae domi duellique male fecisti,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:

    quique agent rem duelli,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:

    aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,

    id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):

    puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,

    Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,

    quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,

    id. 22, 10, 2:

    victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,

    id. 23, 11, 2:

    si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,

    id. 36, 2, 2;

    and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,

    id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:

    hic... Pacem duello miscuit,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:

    cadum Marsi memorem duelli,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 18:

    vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,

    id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]
    II.
    Form bellum.
    A.
    War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).
    1.
    Specifying the enemy.
    a.
    By adjj. denoting the nation:

    omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,

    id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:

    Britannicum bellum,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    Gallicum,

    id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

    Germanicum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

    Sabinum,

    Liv. 1, 26, 4:

    Parthicum,

    Vell. 2, 46, 2;

    similarly: bellum piraticum,

    the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:

    Sertorianum bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    Mithridaticum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

    Jugurthinum,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;

    similarly: bellum regium,

    the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:

    bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    Asiaticum,

    id. ib. 22, 64:

    Africum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:

    Actiacum,

    Vell. 2, 86, 3:

    Hispaniense,

    id. 2, 55, 2.—
    b.
    With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    Venetorum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16:

    Helvetiorum,

    id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;

    1, 30: Ambiorigis,

    id. ib. 6, 29, 4:

    Pyrrhi, Philippi,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:

    Samnitium,

    Liv. 7, 29, 2.—
    c.
    With cum and abl. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    belli causa cum Samnitibus,

    Liv. 7, 29, 3:

    hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,

    id. 33, 35, 12:

    novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,

    id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—
    (β).
    With cum dependent on the verb:

    quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:

    novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,

    Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—
    d.
    With adversus and acc. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    bellum adversus Philippum,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,

    id. 8, 29, 6.—
    (β).
    With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:

    ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,

    id. 45, 11, 8:

    bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    e.
    With contra and acc.:

    cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    causam belli contra patriam inferendi,

    id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—
    f.
    With in and acc. (very rare):

    Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,

    Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—
    g.
    With inter and acc.:

    hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit,

    Liv. 45, 9, 2.—
    h.
    With apud and acc.:

    secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam,

    Nep. Att. 9, 1.—
    k.
    With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—
    2.
    With verbs.
    a.
    Referring to the beginning of the war.
    (α).
    Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:

    summa erat observatio in bello movendo,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:

    bellum commotum a Scapula,

    id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:

    nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,

    Sall. C. 30, 2:

    is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,

    Liv. 1, 53, 2:

    insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,

    id. 4, 58, 6:

    dii pium movere bellum,

    id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,

    concitare,

    Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—
    (β).
    Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:

    cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,

    Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:

    bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,

    Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,

    parare alicui,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:

    bellum terra et mari comparat,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:

    tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:

    bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,

    Liv. 4, 55, 7:

    numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—
    (γ).
    Bellum differre, to postpone a war:

    nec jam poterat bellum differri,

    Liv. 2, 30, 7:

    mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,

    id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—
    (δ).
    Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):

    omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,

    id. ib. 20, 5:

    de integro bellum sumit,

    id. ib. 62, 9:

    iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,

    Liv. 38, 19, 3:

    sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,

    Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—
    (ε).
    Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:

    bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:

    suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 35:

    judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,

    join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):

    cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,

    undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:

    senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,

    id. 6, 9, 5:

    bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,

    Vell. 2, 3, 3.—
    (ζ).
    Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):

    consensit et senatus bellum,

    Liv. 8, 6, 8:

    bellum erat consensum,

    id. 1, 32, 12.—
    (η).
    Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:

    sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,

    id. ib.:

    cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?

    id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

    Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,

    Liv. 5, 26, 3:

    Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,

    id. 6, 22, 6:

    Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,

    id. 7, 23, 2:

    quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

    cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,

    id. ib. 16, 49:

    hunc toti bello praefecerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

    alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

    bellum administrandum permittere,

    id. ib. 21, 61.—
    (θ).
    Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:

    ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,

    Liv. 1, 32, 13:

    Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,

    id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:

    bellum indici posse existimabat,

    Liv. 1, 22, 4:

    ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,

    id. 1, 22, 6:

    ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,

    id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—
    (κ).
    Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:

    Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,

    Cic. Pis. 34, 84:

    ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:

    bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    bellum patriae faciet,

    id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:

    civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;

    3, 29: constituit bellum facere,

    Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:

    occupant bellum facere,

    they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,

    id. 1, 32, 13:

    populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,

    id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:

    urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—
    (λ).
    Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:

    subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

    aliud multo propius bellum ortum,

    Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    Veiens bellum exortum,

    id. 2, 53, 1.—
    b.
    Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:

    bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,

    Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

    cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,

    id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

    cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,

    id. Div. 1, 46, 103:

    erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 10:

    bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,

    id. ib. 4, 6:

    Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,

    Sall. C. 16, 5:

    bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,

    Liv. 21, 1, 1:

    alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,

    id. 2, 62, 3:

    de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,

    id. 23, 25, 5:

    Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,

    Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):

    bellum bellare,

    Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);

    in the same sense: bellum agere,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:

    bello persequi aliquem,

    Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—
    (β).
    Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:

    necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    bellum trahi non posse,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    belli trahendi causa,

    Liv. 5, 11, 8:

    morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,

    id. 9, 27, 5:

    suadere institui ut bellum duceret,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

    bellum enim ducetur,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;

    similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?

    Liv. 5, 5, 1.—
    (γ).
    Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:

    bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

    quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

    Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,

    Liv. 8, 37, 5.—
    c.
    Referring to the end of a war.
    (α).
    Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:

    in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

    (bellum) cum deponi victores velint,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,

    id. 31, 31, 19:

    dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,

    Sall. J. 112, 1:

    bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,

    id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:

    velut posito bello,

    Liv. 1, 53, 5:

    manere bellum quod positum simuletur,

    id. 1, 53, 7:

    posito ubique bello,

    Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:

    omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,

    Liv. 2, 14, 5.—
    (β).
    Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:

    timerent ne bellum componeretur,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

    si bellum compositum foret,

    Sall. J. 97, 2:

    belli componendi licentiam,

    id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;

    similarly: bellum sedare,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    (γ).
    Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:

    is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:

    bellumque maximum conficies,

    id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:

    confecto Mithridatico bello,

    id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:

    quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;

    4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,

    Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:

    neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,

    Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;

    36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:

    se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),

    id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:

    neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,

    Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—
    d.
    Less usual connections:

    bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

    alere ac fovere bellum,

    Liv. 42, 11, 5:

    bellum navare alicui,

    Tac. H. 5, 25:

    spargere,

    id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:

    serere,

    Liv. 21, 10, 4:

    circumferre,

    Tac. A. 13, 37:

    exercere,

    id. ib. 6, 31:

    quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:

    bellum ascendit in rupes,

    id. 4, 12, 4:

    bellum serpit in proximos,

    id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:

    bella narrare,

    Cic. Or. 9, 30:

    canere bella,

    Quint. 10, 1, 91:

    bella legere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—
    3.
    As object denoting place or time.
    a.
    Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.
    (α).
    Of the commander:

    consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:

    ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:

    ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,

    Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:

    in bellum,

    Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—
    (β).
    Of persons partaking in a war:

    si proficiscerer ad bellum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —
    b.
    Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—
    c.
    In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:

    in bella sequi,

    id. ib. 8, 547.—
    d.
    Of time.
    (α).
    In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):

    valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,

    domi duellique,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):

    quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,

    Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:

    paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,

    Sall. J. 41, 7:

    animus belli ingens, domi modicus,

    id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:

    bello domique,

    id. 1, 34, 12:

    domi belloque,

    id. 9, 26, 21; and:

    neque bello, neque domi,

    id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:

    simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.

    Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—
    (β).
    In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:

    ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:

    in ipso bello eadem sensi,

    id. Marcell. 5, 14:

    in Volsco bello virtus enituit,

    Liv. 2, 24, 8:

    in eo bello,

    id. 23, 46, 6:

    in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,

    id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:

    ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:

    qui in bello occiderunt,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,

    Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:

    in bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—
    (γ).
    Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    bello Italico,

    id. Pis. 36, 87:

    Veienti bello,

    id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

    domestico bello,

    id. Planc. 29, 70:

    qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,

    Liv. 23, 12, 11:

    victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1:

    nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,

    id. 9, 18, 9:

    bello civili,

    Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:

    praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:

    qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,

    Cic. Sest. 26, 57:

    res pace belloque gestas,

    Liv. 2, 1, 1:

    egregieque rebus bello gestis,

    id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:

    ludi bello voti,

    id. 4, 35. 3:

    princeps pace belloque,

    id. 7, 1, 9:

    Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,

    id. 45, 42, 7:

    bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—
    (δ).
    Inter bellum (rare):

    cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,

    Liv. 2, 14, 2:

    inter haec bella consules... facti,

    id. 2, 63, 1.—
    4.
    Bellum in attributive connection.
    a.
    Justum bellum.
    (α).
    A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):

    justum piumque bellum,

    Liv. 1, 23, 4:

    non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,

    id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—
    (β).
    A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):

    in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,

    Liv. 1, 15, 1.—
    b.
    For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—
    c.
    Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:

    quicunque belli eventus fuisset,

    Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:

    haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,

    Sall. C. 37, 9:

    eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,

    Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:

    exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

    cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,

    id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:

    Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,

    Liv. 5, 16, 8.—
    d.
    Fortuna belli, the chances of war:

    adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,

    Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—
    e.
    Belli artes, military skill:

    cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,

    Liv. 1, 35, 1:

    haud ignotas belli artes,

    id. 21, 1, 2:

    temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,

    id. 1, 21, 6.—
    f.
    Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:

    in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:

    sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,

    Liv. 5, 27, 6:

    jure belli res vindicatur,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—
    g.
    Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:

    trium simul bellorum victor,

    a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:

    victor tot bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1). —
    h.
    Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of things concr. and abstr.:

    qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,

    Cic. Dom. 23, 60:

    bellum contra aras et focos,

    id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,

    id. Or. 2, 37, 155:

    ventri Indico bellum,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—
    2.
    Of animals:

    milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

    hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,

    Ov. M. 6, 92.—
    3.
    With individuals:

    quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:

    nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,

    Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

    cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,

    id. Sull. 9, 28:

    hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,

    Liv. 2, 12, 11:

    falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,

    id. 3, 25, 3:

    tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,

    id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:

    equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,

    Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—
    4.
    In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—
    5.
    Personified as god of war ( = Janus):

    tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,

    Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:

    sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,

    Verg. A. 7, 607:

    mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,

    id. ib. 6, 279.—
    6.
    Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):

    permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),

    Ov. M. 12, 24:

    sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,

    Sil. 7, 472:

    quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?

    Stat. Th. 9, 490.—
    7.
    Battle, = proelium:

    rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,

    Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,

    Liv. 8, 10, 7:

    commisso statim bello,

    Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:

    Actia bella,

    Verg. A. 8, 675:

    ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,

    id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —
    8.
    Bellum = liber de bello:

    quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!

    Cic. Sen. 14, 50.
    b.
    Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:

    bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,

    Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

    cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,

    id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

    cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,

    id. Div. 1, 46, 103:

    erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 10:

    bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,

    id. ib. 4, 6:

    Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,

    Sall. C. 16, 5:

    bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,

    Liv. 21, 1, 1:

    alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,

    id. 2, 62, 3:

    de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,

    id. 23, 25, 5:

    Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,

    Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):

    bellum bellare,

    Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);

    in the same sense: bellum agere,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:

    bello persequi aliquem,

    Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—
    (β).
    Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:

    necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    bellum trahi non posse,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    belli trahendi causa,

    Liv. 5, 11, 8:

    morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,

    id. 9, 27, 5:

    suadere institui ut bellum duceret,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

    bellum enim ducetur,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;

    similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?

    Liv. 5, 5, 1.—
    (γ).
    Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:

    bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

    quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

    Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,

    Liv. 8, 37, 5.—
    c.
    Referring to the end of a war.
    (α).
    Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:

    in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

    (bellum) cum deponi victores velint,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,

    id. 31, 31, 19:

    dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,

    Sall. J. 112, 1:

    bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,

    id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:

    velut posito bello,

    Liv. 1, 53, 5:

    manere bellum quod positum simuletur,

    id. 1, 53, 7:

    posito ubique bello,

    Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:

    omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,

    Liv. 2, 14, 5.—
    (β).
    Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:

    timerent ne bellum componeretur,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

    si bellum compositum foret,

    Sall. J. 97, 2:

    belli componendi licentiam,

    id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;

    similarly: bellum sedare,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    (γ).
    Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:

    is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:

    bellumque maximum conficies,

    id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:

    confecto Mithridatico bello,

    id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:

    quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;

    4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,

    Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:

    neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,

    Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;

    36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:

    se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),

    id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:

    neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,

    Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—
    d.
    Less usual connections:

    bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

    alere ac fovere bellum,

    Liv. 42, 11, 5:

    bellum navare alicui,

    Tac. H. 5, 25:

    spargere,

    id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:

    serere,

    Liv. 21, 10, 4:

    circumferre,

    Tac. A. 13, 37:

    exercere,

    id. ib. 6, 31:

    quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:

    bellum ascendit in rupes,

    id. 4, 12, 4:

    bellum serpit in proximos,

    id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:

    bella narrare,

    Cic. Or. 9, 30:

    canere bella,

    Quint. 10, 1, 91:

    bella legere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—
    3.
    As object denoting place or time.
    a.
    Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.
    (α).
    Of the commander:

    consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:

    ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:

    ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,

    Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:

    in bellum,

    Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—
    (β).
    Of persons partaking in a war:

    si proficiscerer ad bellum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —
    b.
    Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—
    c.
    In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:

    in bella sequi,

    id. ib. 8, 547.—
    d.
    Of time.
    (α).
    In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):

    valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,

    domi duellique,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):

    quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,

    Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:

    paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,

    Sall. J. 41, 7:

    animus belli ingens, domi modicus,

    id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:

    bello domique,

    id. 1, 34, 12:

    domi belloque,

    id. 9, 26, 21; and:

    neque bello, neque domi,

    id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:

    simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.

    Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—
    (β).
    In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:

    ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:

    in ipso bello eadem sensi,

    id. Marcell. 5, 14:

    in Volsco bello virtus enituit,

    Liv. 2, 24, 8:

    in eo bello,

    id. 23, 46, 6:

    in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,

    id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:

    ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:

    qui in bello occiderunt,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,

    Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:

    in bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—
    (γ).
    Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    bello Italico,

    id. Pis. 36, 87:

    Veienti bello,

    id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

    domestico bello,

    id. Planc. 29, 70:

    qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,

    Liv. 23, 12, 11:

    victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1:

    nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,

    id. 9, 18, 9:

    bello civili,

    Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:

    praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:

    qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,

    Cic. Sest. 26, 57:

    res pace belloque gestas,

    Liv. 2, 1, 1:

    egregieque rebus bello gestis,

    id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:

    ludi bello voti,

    id. 4, 35. 3:

    princeps pace belloque,

    id. 7, 1, 9:

    Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,

    id. 45, 42, 7:

    bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—
    (δ).
    Inter bellum (rare):

    cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,

    Liv. 2, 14, 2:

    inter haec bella consules... facti,

    id. 2, 63, 1.—
    4.
    Bellum in attributive connection.
    a.
    Justum bellum.
    (α).
    A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):

    justum piumque bellum,

    Liv. 1, 23, 4:

    non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,

    id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—
    (β).
    A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):

    in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,

    Liv. 1, 15, 1.—
    b.
    For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—
    c.
    Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:

    quicunque belli eventus fuisset,

    Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:

    haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,

    Sall. C. 37, 9:

    eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,

    Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:

    exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

    cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,

    id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:

    Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,

    Liv. 5, 16, 8.—
    d.
    Fortuna belli, the chances of war:

    adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,

    Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—
    e.
    Belli artes, military skill:

    cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,

    Liv. 1, 35, 1:

    haud ignotas belli artes,

    id. 21, 1, 2:

    temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,

    id. 1, 21, 6.—
    f.
    Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:

    in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:

    sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,

    Liv. 5, 27, 6:

    jure belli res vindicatur,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—
    g.
    Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:

    trium simul bellorum victor,

    a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:

    victor tot bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1). —
    h.
    Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of things concr. and abstr.:

    qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,

    Cic. Dom. 23, 60:

    bellum contra aras et focos,

    id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,

    id. Or. 2, 37, 155:

    ventri Indico bellum,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—
    2.
    Of animals:

    milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

    hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,

    Ov. M. 6, 92.—
    3.
    With individuals:

    quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:

    nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,

    Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

    cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,

    id. Sull. 9, 28:

    hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,

    Liv. 2, 12, 11:

    falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,

    id. 3, 25, 3:

    tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,

    id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:

    equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,

    Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—
    4.
    In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—
    5.
    Personified as god of war ( = Janus):

    tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,

    Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:

    sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,

    Verg. A. 7, 607:

    mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,

    id. ib. 6, 279.—
    6.
    Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):

    permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),

    Ov. M. 12, 24:

    sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,

    Sil. 7, 472:

    quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?

    Stat. Th. 9, 490.—
    7.
    Battle, = proelium:

    rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,

    Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,

    Liv. 8, 10, 7:

    commisso statim bello,

    Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:

    Actia bella,

    Verg. A. 8, 675:

    ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,

    id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —
    8.
    Bellum = liber de bello:

    quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!

    Cic. Sen. 14, 50.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bellum

  • 5 vacuum

    văcŭus, a, um, adj. [vaco], empty, void, free, clear, devoid of, without something (freq. and class.; cf. inanis.)
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Lit., in material sense.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    spatium vacuum,

    Lucr. 1, 523; cf. id. 1, 394; 1, 509:

    vacua castra,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

    perque domos Ditis vacuas et inania regna,

    Verg. A. 6, 269:

    atria,

    id. ib. 7, 379;

    2, 528: porticus,

    id. ib. 2, 761:

    videntur Aëra per vacuum ferri,

    id. G. 3, 109:

    Acerrae,

    unpeopled, id. ib. 2, 225:

    Cumae,

    Juv. 3, 2:

    Ulubrae,

    id. 10, 102:

    agri,

    Verg. G. 2, 54:

    aurae,

    id. A. 12, 592:

    caelum,

    id. ib. 5, 515:

    oppida, Auct. B. Afr. 9: aliquam partem aedium vacuam facere,

    Liv. 39, 14, 2:

    aër,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 34:

    theatrum,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 130:

    aula,

    id. C. 4, 14, 36:

    tabellae,

    Quint. 10, 3, 32:

    numerus peditum in vicem prolapsorum equitum vacuos capientium ad pugnam equos,

    Liv. 44, 26, 3:

    lectus,

    Prop. 2, 2, 1: Ov. M. 11, 471:

    per vacuum locum inruperunt,

    Liv. 25, 3, 18:

    manus,

    Quint. 11, 2, 42:

    ossa vacuis exsucta medullis,

    Juv. 8, 90: si vacuo ventre mulier fuit, not pregnant (opp. plenus), Dig. 29, 2, 84:

    vultus,

    without eyes, Sen. Oedip. 1012.—
    (β).
    With abl.:

    nihil igni vacuum videri potest,

    Cic. Univ. 4:

    gladium vaginā vacuum in urbe non vidimus,

    id. Marcell. 6, 17:

    moenia defensoribus,

    Liv. 42, 63, 6:

    viae occursu hominum,

    id. 5, 41, 5:

    cultoribus agri,

    Ov. M. 7, 653:

    ense ebur,

    id. ib. 4, 148:

    arvum arboribus,

    Col. 3, 11, 3:

    loca fetu in vite,

    id. 3, 10, 5:

    pectus velamine,

    Stat. Th. 1, 593.—
    (γ).
    With ab and abl.:

    Messana ab his rebus...vacua ac nuda est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 3:

    oppidum vacuum ab defensoribus,

    without, Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

    pars Galliae ab exercitu,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

    vacuum ab hostibus mare,

    Liv. 37, 13, 6.—
    (δ).
    With gen. (rare; mostly poet.):

    ager aridus et frugum vacuus,

    Sall. J. 90, 1:

    Romana urbs annonae,

    Mamert. Grat. Act. ad Julian. 14.—
    b.
    Subst.: vă-cŭum, i, n., an empty space, an open or vacant place, a void, vacuity:

    vacuum minus intus habere,

    Lucr. 1, 367:

    in vacuum poterunt se extendere rami,

    Verg. G. 2, 287:

    ne per vacuum incurreret hostis,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 37:

    libera per vacuum posui vestigia princeps,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 21.—
    B.
    Transf., free from, clear, devoid of, without.
    (α).
    With abl.:

    animus per somnum sensibus et curis vacuus,

    Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27:

    molestiis,

    id. Fam. 4, 4, 2:

    cupiditate et timore,

    id. Fin. 2, 10, 30:

    consilium periculo,

    id. Att. 10, 16, 2:

    cum vacui curis etiam quid in caelo fiat scire avemus,

    id. Fin. 2, 14, 46:

    vacui negotiis vivere possimus,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 12:

    his rebus mens vacua,

    id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9:

    vacuus duellis Janus,

    Hor. C. 4, 15, 8:

    crimine nox vacua est,

    Ov. F. 4, 581:

    ille metu vacuus,

    id. M. 3, 582:

    nullum tempus sterile et vacuum beneficio,

    Plin. Pan. 56, 2:

    aemulatione,

    Tac. A. 12, 2:

    curā domesticā vacuus,

    id. H. 1, 88:

    tali culpā,

    id. A. 6, 16:

    tributo,

    id. ib. 12, 61:

    vacuam laboribus egi vitam,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 9.—
    (β).
    With ab and abl.:

    Mamertini soli vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestiā, munere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23:

    a securibus et tributis,

    Tac. A. 12, 34; 12, 61:

    hora nulla vacua a furto, a scelere, crudelitate, flagitio reperietur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 34:

    nullus dies ab exercitationibus oratoriis,

    id. Brut. 90, 309:

    animus a talibus factis vacuus et integer,

    id. Inv. 2, 7, 24:

    cum ab omni molestiā vacuus esses,

    id. Fam. 11, 16, 1:

    domus a suspitione religionis vacua atque pura,

    id. Har. Resp. 6, 11:

    ab odio, amicitiā, irā atque misericordiā,

    Sall. C. 51, 1:

    a culpa,

    id. ib. 14, 4: censores vacui ab operum locandorun;

    curā,

    Liv. 24, 18, 1.—
    (γ).
    With gen.:

    vacuas caedis habete manus,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 642:

    operum vacuus,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 119:

    vacuas habuissem criminis umbras,

    Ov. M. 6, 541:

    composuit ad Caesarem litteras, quasi confecto bello verbis magnificas, rerum vacuas,

    Tac. A. 15, 8.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of that for which room or a vacancy exists or is made:

    Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor, prope continuatis funeribus cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fecissent, junguntur,

    Liv. 1, 46, 9:

    necato filio vacuam domum scelestis nuptiis fecisse,

    Sall. C. 15, 2:

    quanto molimine circumspectemus vacuam Romanis vatibus aedem (Apollinis),

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 94.— Subst.: văcŭum, i, n., leisure:

    aliquid invenire vacui,

    Quint. 10, 6, 1.—
    II.
    In partic. (cf. vaco, II.).
    A.
    Free from labor or occupation, without business, at leisure, clear, disengaged, unoccupied, idle:

    quoniam vacui sumus, dicam,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 13:

    si es animo vacuo, expone nobis quod quaerimus... hunc elegimus diem, cum te sciremus esse vacuum,

    id. Brut. 5, 20:

    animus vacuus ac solutus,

    id. Verr. 1, 9, 26:

    aures vacuae atque eruditae,

    Quint. 10, 1, 32:

    aures,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 26; Ov. M. 4, 41; 12, 56:

    pedibus vacuis terere Porticum,

    id. A. A. 1, 491:

    si quid vacui sub umbrā Lusimus,

    Hor. C. 1, 32, 1:

    cetera, quae vacuas tenuissent carmine mentes,

    Verg. G. 3, 3:

    ne vacuum esse me nunc ad narrandum credas,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 23:

    ut animum vacuum ad res difficiles scribendas afferam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3:

    cum per tot menses vacuā civitate nemo controversiam fecerit,

    Liv. 3, 40, 10.— Sup.:

    nec rursus jubeo, dum sit vacuissima quaeras,

    Ov. P. 3, 1, 141.— Poet., transf., of places in which to lounge or enjoy leisure, quiet, peaceful, undisturbed, etc.:

    Tibur,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 45:

    Athenae,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 81:

    tonsoris in umbrā,

    id. ib. 1, 7, 50 (cf.:

    otiosa Neapolis,

    id. Epod. 5, 43).—Rarely of persons, free from care, calm, composed:

    Rutilius animo vacuus,

    i. e. careless, without apprehension, Sall. J. 52, 6:

    haud animi vacuus,

    quiet, Stat. Th. 5, 644:

    cantamus vacui, sive quid urimur,

    Hor. C. 1, 6, 19; so of one free from love, id. ib. 1, 5, 10.—Of female animals, not bearing young:

    equa,

    Col. 6, 37, 10.— Impers.: vacuum est, with inf., there is leisure, time, Sall. H. 1, 10; Tac. H. 2, 28.—
    B.
    Of time, free, vacant, disengaged, leisure:

    etiam si spatium ad dicendum nostro commodo vacuosque dies habuissemus,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 56:

    cum vacui temporis nihil haberem,

    id. Att. 2, 23, 1:

    vacuam noctem operi dedere,

    Liv. 3, 28, 7:

    tempora,

    Col. 12, 4, 1; cf. Luc. 3, 26.—
    C.
    Of women, free, unmarried, single:

    ubi mulier vacua fuit,

    Tac. A. 13, 44: vacuis indicere nuptias, Pseudo - Quint. Decl. 376:

    Hersilia,

    i. e. widowed, Ov. M. 14, 831.—
    D.
    Of possessions, free, vacant, without an occupant or master:

    vacuam possessionem regni sperans,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

    prudentiae doctrinaeque possessio... quasi caduca atque vacua,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 122:

    centuria, id. Tull. § 17: sese praedia vacua filio traditurum,

    id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26:

    vacuam rempublicam tradere Hannibali,

    Liv. 23, 2, 7:

    ut impetus fiat in vacuam rempublicam,

    Sall. C. 52, 23:

    sacerdotia ut vacua contulit in alios,

    Tac. A. 6, 40; cf.:

    Syriam provinciam vacuam tum morte Atilii Rufi,

    id. Agr. 40:

    vacua Armenia,

    without a ruler, id. A. 12, 50:

    bona,

    Dig. 38, 9, 1, § 12:

    possessio,

    ib. 41, 3, 4, § 22; Gai Inst. 4, 131.— Subst.: văcŭum, i, n.:

    si quis casus puerum egerit Orco, In vacuum venias,

    into the vacant property, Hor. S. 2, 5, 50:

    ut in vacuum lege praeditoriā venalis pependerit,

    Suet. Claud. 9; cf. Quint. 12, 9, 8.—
    E.
    Without value, worthless, useless, empty, vain, unprofitable, = vanus (rare;

    not anteAug.): si respublica et senatus et populus vacua nomina sunt,

    Tac. H. 1, 30:

    rem,

    Petr. 102:

    vacua et inanis productio verbi,

    Gell. 11, 15, 6:

    tollens vacuum plus nimio Gloria verticem,

    her empty head, Hor. C. 1, 18, 15:

    pecunia,

    unused, unproductive, Dig. 19, 5, 24; cf. ib. 16, 3, 28.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vacuum

  • 6 vacuus

    văcŭus, a, um, adj. [vaco], empty, void, free, clear, devoid of, without something (freq. and class.; cf. inanis.)
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Lit., in material sense.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    spatium vacuum,

    Lucr. 1, 523; cf. id. 1, 394; 1, 509:

    vacua castra,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

    perque domos Ditis vacuas et inania regna,

    Verg. A. 6, 269:

    atria,

    id. ib. 7, 379;

    2, 528: porticus,

    id. ib. 2, 761:

    videntur Aëra per vacuum ferri,

    id. G. 3, 109:

    Acerrae,

    unpeopled, id. ib. 2, 225:

    Cumae,

    Juv. 3, 2:

    Ulubrae,

    id. 10, 102:

    agri,

    Verg. G. 2, 54:

    aurae,

    id. A. 12, 592:

    caelum,

    id. ib. 5, 515:

    oppida, Auct. B. Afr. 9: aliquam partem aedium vacuam facere,

    Liv. 39, 14, 2:

    aër,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 34:

    theatrum,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 130:

    aula,

    id. C. 4, 14, 36:

    tabellae,

    Quint. 10, 3, 32:

    numerus peditum in vicem prolapsorum equitum vacuos capientium ad pugnam equos,

    Liv. 44, 26, 3:

    lectus,

    Prop. 2, 2, 1: Ov. M. 11, 471:

    per vacuum locum inruperunt,

    Liv. 25, 3, 18:

    manus,

    Quint. 11, 2, 42:

    ossa vacuis exsucta medullis,

    Juv. 8, 90: si vacuo ventre mulier fuit, not pregnant (opp. plenus), Dig. 29, 2, 84:

    vultus,

    without eyes, Sen. Oedip. 1012.—
    (β).
    With abl.:

    nihil igni vacuum videri potest,

    Cic. Univ. 4:

    gladium vaginā vacuum in urbe non vidimus,

    id. Marcell. 6, 17:

    moenia defensoribus,

    Liv. 42, 63, 6:

    viae occursu hominum,

    id. 5, 41, 5:

    cultoribus agri,

    Ov. M. 7, 653:

    ense ebur,

    id. ib. 4, 148:

    arvum arboribus,

    Col. 3, 11, 3:

    loca fetu in vite,

    id. 3, 10, 5:

    pectus velamine,

    Stat. Th. 1, 593.—
    (γ).
    With ab and abl.:

    Messana ab his rebus...vacua ac nuda est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 3:

    oppidum vacuum ab defensoribus,

    without, Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

    pars Galliae ab exercitu,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

    vacuum ab hostibus mare,

    Liv. 37, 13, 6.—
    (δ).
    With gen. (rare; mostly poet.):

    ager aridus et frugum vacuus,

    Sall. J. 90, 1:

    Romana urbs annonae,

    Mamert. Grat. Act. ad Julian. 14.—
    b.
    Subst.: vă-cŭum, i, n., an empty space, an open or vacant place, a void, vacuity:

    vacuum minus intus habere,

    Lucr. 1, 367:

    in vacuum poterunt se extendere rami,

    Verg. G. 2, 287:

    ne per vacuum incurreret hostis,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 37:

    libera per vacuum posui vestigia princeps,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 21.—
    B.
    Transf., free from, clear, devoid of, without.
    (α).
    With abl.:

    animus per somnum sensibus et curis vacuus,

    Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27:

    molestiis,

    id. Fam. 4, 4, 2:

    cupiditate et timore,

    id. Fin. 2, 10, 30:

    consilium periculo,

    id. Att. 10, 16, 2:

    cum vacui curis etiam quid in caelo fiat scire avemus,

    id. Fin. 2, 14, 46:

    vacui negotiis vivere possimus,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 12:

    his rebus mens vacua,

    id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9:

    vacuus duellis Janus,

    Hor. C. 4, 15, 8:

    crimine nox vacua est,

    Ov. F. 4, 581:

    ille metu vacuus,

    id. M. 3, 582:

    nullum tempus sterile et vacuum beneficio,

    Plin. Pan. 56, 2:

    aemulatione,

    Tac. A. 12, 2:

    curā domesticā vacuus,

    id. H. 1, 88:

    tali culpā,

    id. A. 6, 16:

    tributo,

    id. ib. 12, 61:

    vacuam laboribus egi vitam,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 9.—
    (β).
    With ab and abl.:

    Mamertini soli vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestiā, munere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23:

    a securibus et tributis,

    Tac. A. 12, 34; 12, 61:

    hora nulla vacua a furto, a scelere, crudelitate, flagitio reperietur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 34:

    nullus dies ab exercitationibus oratoriis,

    id. Brut. 90, 309:

    animus a talibus factis vacuus et integer,

    id. Inv. 2, 7, 24:

    cum ab omni molestiā vacuus esses,

    id. Fam. 11, 16, 1:

    domus a suspitione religionis vacua atque pura,

    id. Har. Resp. 6, 11:

    ab odio, amicitiā, irā atque misericordiā,

    Sall. C. 51, 1:

    a culpa,

    id. ib. 14, 4: censores vacui ab operum locandorun;

    curā,

    Liv. 24, 18, 1.—
    (γ).
    With gen.:

    vacuas caedis habete manus,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 642:

    operum vacuus,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 119:

    vacuas habuissem criminis umbras,

    Ov. M. 6, 541:

    composuit ad Caesarem litteras, quasi confecto bello verbis magnificas, rerum vacuas,

    Tac. A. 15, 8.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of that for which room or a vacancy exists or is made:

    Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor, prope continuatis funeribus cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fecissent, junguntur,

    Liv. 1, 46, 9:

    necato filio vacuam domum scelestis nuptiis fecisse,

    Sall. C. 15, 2:

    quanto molimine circumspectemus vacuam Romanis vatibus aedem (Apollinis),

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 94.— Subst.: văcŭum, i, n., leisure:

    aliquid invenire vacui,

    Quint. 10, 6, 1.—
    II.
    In partic. (cf. vaco, II.).
    A.
    Free from labor or occupation, without business, at leisure, clear, disengaged, unoccupied, idle:

    quoniam vacui sumus, dicam,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 13:

    si es animo vacuo, expone nobis quod quaerimus... hunc elegimus diem, cum te sciremus esse vacuum,

    id. Brut. 5, 20:

    animus vacuus ac solutus,

    id. Verr. 1, 9, 26:

    aures vacuae atque eruditae,

    Quint. 10, 1, 32:

    aures,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 26; Ov. M. 4, 41; 12, 56:

    pedibus vacuis terere Porticum,

    id. A. A. 1, 491:

    si quid vacui sub umbrā Lusimus,

    Hor. C. 1, 32, 1:

    cetera, quae vacuas tenuissent carmine mentes,

    Verg. G. 3, 3:

    ne vacuum esse me nunc ad narrandum credas,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 23:

    ut animum vacuum ad res difficiles scribendas afferam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3:

    cum per tot menses vacuā civitate nemo controversiam fecerit,

    Liv. 3, 40, 10.— Sup.:

    nec rursus jubeo, dum sit vacuissima quaeras,

    Ov. P. 3, 1, 141.— Poet., transf., of places in which to lounge or enjoy leisure, quiet, peaceful, undisturbed, etc.:

    Tibur,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 45:

    Athenae,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 81:

    tonsoris in umbrā,

    id. ib. 1, 7, 50 (cf.:

    otiosa Neapolis,

    id. Epod. 5, 43).—Rarely of persons, free from care, calm, composed:

    Rutilius animo vacuus,

    i. e. careless, without apprehension, Sall. J. 52, 6:

    haud animi vacuus,

    quiet, Stat. Th. 5, 644:

    cantamus vacui, sive quid urimur,

    Hor. C. 1, 6, 19; so of one free from love, id. ib. 1, 5, 10.—Of female animals, not bearing young:

    equa,

    Col. 6, 37, 10.— Impers.: vacuum est, with inf., there is leisure, time, Sall. H. 1, 10; Tac. H. 2, 28.—
    B.
    Of time, free, vacant, disengaged, leisure:

    etiam si spatium ad dicendum nostro commodo vacuosque dies habuissemus,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 56:

    cum vacui temporis nihil haberem,

    id. Att. 2, 23, 1:

    vacuam noctem operi dedere,

    Liv. 3, 28, 7:

    tempora,

    Col. 12, 4, 1; cf. Luc. 3, 26.—
    C.
    Of women, free, unmarried, single:

    ubi mulier vacua fuit,

    Tac. A. 13, 44: vacuis indicere nuptias, Pseudo - Quint. Decl. 376:

    Hersilia,

    i. e. widowed, Ov. M. 14, 831.—
    D.
    Of possessions, free, vacant, without an occupant or master:

    vacuam possessionem regni sperans,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

    prudentiae doctrinaeque possessio... quasi caduca atque vacua,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 122:

    centuria, id. Tull. § 17: sese praedia vacua filio traditurum,

    id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26:

    vacuam rempublicam tradere Hannibali,

    Liv. 23, 2, 7:

    ut impetus fiat in vacuam rempublicam,

    Sall. C. 52, 23:

    sacerdotia ut vacua contulit in alios,

    Tac. A. 6, 40; cf.:

    Syriam provinciam vacuam tum morte Atilii Rufi,

    id. Agr. 40:

    vacua Armenia,

    without a ruler, id. A. 12, 50:

    bona,

    Dig. 38, 9, 1, § 12:

    possessio,

    ib. 41, 3, 4, § 22; Gai Inst. 4, 131.— Subst.: văcŭum, i, n.:

    si quis casus puerum egerit Orco, In vacuum venias,

    into the vacant property, Hor. S. 2, 5, 50:

    ut in vacuum lege praeditoriā venalis pependerit,

    Suet. Claud. 9; cf. Quint. 12, 9, 8.—
    E.
    Without value, worthless, useless, empty, vain, unprofitable, = vanus (rare;

    not anteAug.): si respublica et senatus et populus vacua nomina sunt,

    Tac. H. 1, 30:

    rem,

    Petr. 102:

    vacua et inanis productio verbi,

    Gell. 11, 15, 6:

    tollens vacuum plus nimio Gloria verticem,

    her empty head, Hor. C. 1, 18, 15:

    pecunia,

    unused, unproductive, Dig. 19, 5, 24; cf. ib. 16, 3, 28.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vacuus

  • 7 servō

        servō āvī, ātus, āre    [3 SAL-], to make safe, save, keep unharmed, preserve, guard, keep, protect, deliver, rescue: ceteros servavi, ut nos periremus: pol me occidistis, Non servastis, H.: ita me servet Iuppiter, T.: Graeciae portūs per se servatos: impedimenta cohortīsque, Cs.: Rem tuam, H.: urbem et civīs integros incolumīsque: si res p. salva servata erit hisce duellis, L.: omnes Quattuor amissis servatae a peste carinae, V.: alquos ex eo periculo, Cs.: vita ex hostium telis servata. — To keep, lay up, preserve, reserve, retain, store: Caecuba centum clavibus, H.: ad quae (tempora) tu te ipse servaras: ad Herculeos servaberis arcūs, O.: esse quasdam res servatas iudicio multitudinis: in aliquod tempus quam integerrimas vires militi servare, L.: vosmet rebus servate secundis, V.—Of places, to keep, keep to, hold, remain in, dwell in, inhabit: Tu nidum servas, H.: nymphae sorores, Centum quae silvas servant, V.—Of abstract objects, to keep, keep to, preserve, maintain, observe: ordines, Cs.: ordinem laboris quietisque, L.: intervallum, Cs.: tenorem pugnae, L.: fidem, T.: de numero dierum fidem, Cs.: aequitatem: indutiarum iura, Cs.: legem: cum populus suum servaret, i. e. provided public rights were not violated: pretium servare, to maintain the price: Aequam mentem, H.: nati amorem, V.—Fig., to keep in view, give heed, pay attention, take care, watch, observe: solus Sannio servat domi, T.: Cetera (lumina) servabant, kept watch, O.: hic rupes maxima, serva! beware, H.: itinera nostra, Cs.: Palinurus dum sidera servat, V.: pomaria dederat servanda draconi, O.: Me infensus servat, ne quam faciam fallaciam, T.: cum ita decemviri servassent, ut unus fascīs haberet, L.—Of an omen, to observe: secundam avem, Enn. ap. C.: de caelo servare, to observe the lightning (as an omen).
    * * *
    I
    servare, additional forms V
    watch over; protect, store, keep, guard, preserve, save
    II
    servare, servavi, servatus V
    watch over; protect, store, keep, guard, preserve, save

    Latin-English dictionary > servō

  • 8 servo

    servo, āvi, ātum, 1 (old fut. perf. servasso, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71: servassis, an old formula in Cato, R. R. 141, 3:

    servassit,

    Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 76:

    servassint,

    id. As. 3, 3, 64; id. Cas. 2, 5, 16; id. Ps. 1, 1, 35; id. Stich. 4, 1, 1; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103), v. a. [cf. salus].
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen., to save, deliver, keep unharmed, preserve, protect, etc. (very freq. and class.; syn. salvo): Ph. Perdis me tuis dictis. Cu. Immo servo et servatum volo, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 56; cf.:

    qui ceteros servavi, ut nos periremus,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2:

    pol me occidistis, amici, Non servastis,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 139:

    aliquem ex periculo,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 41 fin.:

    aliquem ex judicio,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 131:

    vita ex hostium telis servata,

    id. Rep. 1, 3, 5:

    urbs ex belli ore et faucibus erepta atque servata,

    id. Arch. 9, 21.—With ab and abl. (mostly post - Aug. and rare):

    si tamen servari a furibus possunt,

    Pall. 5, 8, 7 fin.:

    super omnia Capitolium summamque rem in eo solus a Gallis servaverat,

    Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 103.—Mars pater, te precor, pastores pecuaque salva servassis duisque bonam salutem mihi, etc., an old formula of prayer, Cato, R. R. 141, 3:

    di te servassint semper,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 64:

    di te servassint mihi,

    id. Cas. 2, 5, 16; id. Ps. 1, 1, 35; id. Stich. 4, 1, 1; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103:

    ita me servet Juppiter,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 24:

    serva, quod in te est, filium et me et familiam,

    id. Heaut. 4, 8, 4: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratiā. Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.):

    invitum qui servat idem facit occidenti,

    Hor. A. P. 467:

    Graeciae portus per se (i. e. Themistoclem) servatos,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 5: [p. 1684] servare rem publicam, id. Sest. 22, 49:

    quoniam me unā vobiscum servare non possum, vestrae quidem certe vitae prospiciam, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 50:

    impedimenta cohortesque,

    id. B. C. 1, 70:

    urbem insulamque Caesari,

    id. ib. 2, 20:

    sua,

    Cato, R. R. 5, 1:

    rem suam,

    Hor. A. P. 329:

    servabit odorem Testa,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 69:

    Sabinus Vitisator, curvam servans sub imagine falcem,

    keeping, retaining, Verg. A. 7, 179 et saep.:

    urbem et cives integros incolumesque,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 25:

    pudicitiam liberorum ab eorum libidine tutam,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68:

    se integros castosque,

    id. Tusc. 1, 30, 72: omnia mihi integra, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1.— Poet. with inf.:

    infecta sanguine tela Conjugibus servant parvisque ostendere natis,

    Stat. Th. 9, 188.— Absol.: So. Perii, pugnos ponderat. Me. Quid si ego illum tractim tangam ut dormiat? So. Servaveris:

    Nam continuas has tres noctes pervigilavi,

    you would save me, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 157.—
    (β).
    With abl. or ab or ex and abl. of the danger or evil:

    si respublica populi Romani Quiritium ad quinquennium proximum salva servata erit hisce duellis, datum donum duit, etc., an ancient votive formula,

    Liv. 22, 10, 2:

    Q. SERVILIVS VVLNERE SERVATVS,

    Inscr. Grut. 48, 5:

    omnes quattuor amissis servatae a peste carinae,

    Verg. A. 5, 699.—Usu. with ex:

    quo ex judicio te ulla salus servare posset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 131:

    urbs ex omni impetu regio servata,

    id. Arch. 9, 21:

    ex eo periculo,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 41:

    navem ex hieme marique,

    Nep. Att. 10, 6.—
    b.
    With abstract objects: navorum imperium servare est induperantum, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 169 Müll. (Trag. v. 413 Vahl.):

    imperium probe,

    Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 7:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 26; id. B. C. 1, 44; 2, 41; cf. id. B. G. 7, 23:

    ordinem laboris quietisque,

    Liv. 26, 51:

    praesidia indiligentius,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    vigilias,

    Liv. 34, 9:

    custodias neglegenter,

    id. 33, 4:

    discrimina rerum,

    id. 5, 46:

    concentum (fides),

    Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 75:

    cursus,

    id. Rep. 1, 14, 22; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68:

    intervallum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

    tenorem pugnae,

    Liv. 30, 18:

    modum,

    Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 180 et saep.:

    fidem,

    Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 63:

    fidem cum aliquo,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 49; id. Merc. 3, 1, 33; Ter. And. 1, 5, 45:

    fides juris jurandi saepe cum hoste servanda,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107; cf.:

    fidem de numero dierum,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 36:

    promissum,

    Plaut. Am. 5, 3, 1:

    promissa,

    Cic. Off. 1, 10, 23:

    officia,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

    justitiam,

    id. ib. 1, 13, 41; cf.:

    aequabilitatem juris,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 53:

    aequitatem,

    id. Off. 1, 19, 64:

    jura induciarum,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 85:

    institutum militare,

    id. ib. 3, 75; cf. id. ib. 3, 84;

    3, 89: rectum animi, Hor S. 2, 3, 201: consulta patrum, leges juraque,

    id. Ep. 1, 16, 41;

    legem,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 2:

    consuetudinem,

    id. Clu. 32, 89:

    illud quod deceat,

    id. Off. 1, 28, 97:

    dignitatem,

    id. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    fidem cum aliquo,

    id. Phil. 7, 8, 22:

    amicitiam summā fide,

    id. Lael. 7, 25:

    Platonis verecundiam,

    id. Fam. 9, 22, 5:

    aequam mentem,

    Hor. C. 2, 3, 2:

    nati amorem,

    Verg. A. 2, 789:

    conubia alicujus,

    id. ib. 3, 319:

    foedera,

    Ov. F. 2, 159.—
    B.
    In partic., to keep, lay up, preserve, reserve for the future or for some purpose (syn. reservare):

    si voles servare (vinum) in vetustatem, ad alvum movendam servato,

    Cato, R. R. 114, 2; Col. 12, 28, 4:

    lectum Massicum,

    Hor. C. 3, 21, 6; Col. 12, 28, 4; cf.:

    Caecuba centum clavibus,

    Hor. C. 2, 14, 26:

    lapis chernites mitior est servandis corporibus nec absumendis,

    Plin. 36, 17, 28, § 132:

    vermes in melle,

    id. 30, 13, 39, § 115:

    se temporibus aliis,

    Cic. Planc. 5, 13:

    eo me servavi,

    id. Att. 5, 17, 1:

    Valerius, in parvis rebus neglegens ultor gravem se ad majora vindicem servabat,

    Liv. 2, 11, 4; 10, 28, 5.—With dat.:

    placet esse quasdam res servatas judicio voluntatique multitudinis,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 45, 69:

    in aliquod tempus quam integerrimas vires militi servare,

    Liv. 10, 28:

    Jovis auribus ista (carmina) Servas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 44:

    causa integra Caesari servaretur, Auct. B. Alex. 35, 1: durate et vosmet rebus servate secundis,

    Verg. A. 1, 207.— Poet. with ad:

    ad Herculeos servaberis arcus,

    Ov. M. 12, 309.—
    II.
    Transf. (from the idea of the attention being turned to any thing).
    A.
    To give heed to, pay attention to; to watch, observe any thing (syn. observo).
    1.
    In gen.
    (α).
    With acc.: uxor scelesta me omnibus servat modis, Ne, etc., Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 5:

    vestimenta sua,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 52:

    iter alicujus,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 19:

    Palinurus dum sidera servat,

    Verg. A. 6, 338:

    nubem locumque,

    Ov. M. 5, 631:

    nutricis limen servantis alumnae,

    keeping watch over, guarding, id. ib. 10, 383:

    pascentes haedos,

    Verg. E. 5, 12:

    vestibulum,

    id. A. 6, 556:

    servaturis vigili Capitolia voce Cederet anseribus,

    Ov. M. 2, 538; cf.:

    pomaria dederat servanda draconi,

    id. ib. 4, 646.—
    (β).
    With rel.-clause or final: quid servas, quo eam, quid agam? Lucil. ap. Non. 387, 26:

    tuus servus servet, Venerine eas (coronas) det, an viro,

    Plaut. As. 4, 1, 60:

    cum decemviri servassent, ut unus fasces haberet,

    Liv. 3, 36, 3:

    servandum in eo ante omnia, ut, etc.,

    Plin. 17, 17, 28, § 124:

    ut (triumviri) servarent, ne qui nocturni coetus fierent,

    Liv. 39, 14 fin.; Col. 8, 5, 13.—
    (γ).
    Absol., to stay, keep watch, or guard: Eu. Intus serva. Sl. Quippini Ego intus servem? an, ne quis aedes auferat? Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 3 sq.; cf.:

    nemo in aedibus Servat,

    id. Most. 2, 2, 22:

    solus Sannio servat domi,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10; Ov. M. 1, 627.— Imper.:

    serva!

    take care! look out! beware! Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 29; Ter. And. 2, 5, 5; id. Ad. 2, 1, 18; Hor. S. 2, 3, 59.—
    2.
    In partic., in relig. lang., to observe an omen: secundam avem servat... servat genus altivolantum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 83 and 84 Vahl.):

    de caelo servare,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 32, 81; id. Div. 2, 35, 74;

    so of the augurs: de caelo,

    id. Vatin. 6, 15; id. Sest. 61, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Att. 2, 16, 2; 4, 3, 3:

    caelum servare,

    Lucr. 5, 395:

    fulgura caeli,

    id. 6, 429.—
    B.
    To keep to, remain in a place (i. e. to keep watch there); to dwell in, inhabit (ante-class. and poet.):

    nunc te amabo, ut hanc hoc triduum solum sinas Esse hic et servare apud me,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 107:

    tu nidum servas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 6:

    atria servantem postico falle clientem,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 31:

    nymphae sorores, Centum quae silvas, centum quae flumina servant,

    Verg. G. 4, 383:

    immanem hydrum Servantem ripas,

    id. ib. 4, 459:

    sola domum et tantas servabat filia sedes,

    id. A. 7, 52:

    DOMVM SERVAVIT, LANAM FECIT,

    Inscr. Orell. 3848.—
    C.
    In late jurid. Lat.:

    servare aliquid (pecuniam) ab aliquo,

    to get, obtain, receive, Dig. 17, 1, 45 fin.; so ib. 25, 5, 2; 26, 7, 61.—Hence, * servans, antis, P.a., keeping, observant; with gen.:

    Rhipeus servantissimus aequi,

    Verg. A. 2, 427.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > servo

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  • Perduellio —    • Perduellĭo          (из per очень и duellis враг, собственно, сильная вражда), обозначает враждебные отношения гражданина против своего отечества, выражающиеся или в агитации против государственного устройства или в союзе с внешним врагом… …   Реальный словарь классических древностей

  • LAEVA — apud Vett. plerumque infausta habita. Unde laevâmanu Inferis litatum. Stat. Theb. l. 4. v. 501. Testor, ait, Divae, quibus hunc saturavimus ignem, Laevaque convulsae dedimus carchesia terrae. Ad quae verba pulchre Scholiast. Quae sinistrâ manu,… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

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