-
41 program
программа; план; задача; составлять программу [план]; планировать; программировать, задавать программу (напр. ЭВМ)morale, welfare and recreation program — программа мероприятий по бытовому обеспечению, организации отдыха и развлечений
rationalization, standardization and interoperability program — программа рационализации, стандартизации и интероперабельности (оборудования)
telecommunications and C2 program — программа создания систем руководства, управления и (дальней) связи
-
42 command
командование (организационная единица, лица руководящего состава), управление; соединение; объединение; группа войск; военный округ; команда, приказание; превосходство; контроль; топ. превышение; командовать; управлять; подавать командыData Services (and Administrative) Systems command — командование [управление] статистических (и административно-управленческих) информационных систем
major command, NATO forces — верховное [стратегическое] командование ОВС НАТО
UN command,Rear — командование тыла сил ООН
US Army Forces, Readiness command — СВ командования войск готовности ВС США
— RAF Transportation command— vest command in -
43 test
испытание; тест, проверка; экзамен; проверять; испытывать; испытательный; пробный; контрольный, проверочный; см. тж. testingnuclear (weapon) test (in the atmosphere, space, underground, underwater) — испытание ЯО (в атмосфере, космосе, под землей, под водой)
— developmental tests— end-of-cycle proficiency test— hands-on skill test -
44 facility
объект; сооружение; установка; средство; оборудование; пункт; предприятие; учреждение; полигонC2 facility — орган [средство] руководства и управления, орган [средство] оперативного управления
C3 facility — орган [средство] руководства, управления и связи, орган [средство] оперативного управления и связи
rapid deployable C3 facility — быстроразвертываемый центр [пункт] руководства, управления и связи [оперативного управления и связи]
rapid reaction C3 facility — быстроразвертываемый центр [пункт] руководства, управления и связи [оперативного управления и связи]
— hardened facility— logistical facility— testing facility -
45 team
расчет; команда; экипаж, группа; отряд; ( рабочая) бригада; взаимодействие; см. тж. detachment, group, party, crewAlfa team (Special Forces) — команда «Альфа» (войск специального назначения)
Delta team (Special Forces) — команда «Дельта» (войск специального назначения)
Special Forces team, Atlantic Fleet — группа сил специального назначения Атлантического флота
Special Forces team, Pacific Fleet — группа сил специального назначения Тихоокеанского флота
technical assistance (field) team — (полевая) группа оказания военно-технической помощи "
underwater demolition (swimmers) team — группа [команда] боевых пловцов-подрывников
— air-ground combat team— CIA team— FA team— FAC team— gas team— medical support team— NBC team— radiation detection team— raiding team— sniper spotter-firer team* * *• команда -
46 support
поддержка; обеспечение; тыловое обеспечение; материально-техническое обеспечение; МТО; обслуживание; головной отряд ( авангарда) ; сторожевая застава; второй эшелон ( в обороне) ; тыловой отряд; поддерживать; обеспечивать; обслуживать;C3 support — обеспечение средствами оперативного управления и связи; обеспечение органов руководства, управления и связи
nuclear (weapons) logistical support — тыловое обеспечение [МТО] применения ЯО
nuclear (weapons) logistics support — тыловое обеспечение [МТО] применения ЯО
— chemical corps support— cryptologistics support— logistical support— munitions logistic support— transportation support -
47 marketing
сущ.1) эк. торговля, реализация, продажа, сбыт (процесс передачи товаров от производителей промежуточным или конечным потребителям)ATTRIBUTES: cooperative, direct 1. 3), domestic 1. 2) а), global 1. 1) а), local 1. 1) а), mass 3. 1) а), national 1. 1) а), regional
See:cooperative marketing 2), direct marketing 2), domestic marketing 2), global marketing 2), 1), local marketing 2), mass marketing 2), national marketing 2), regional marketing 2) marketing authority, marketing behaviour 2), marketing board, marketing contract, marketing facilities 1), marketing level 2), marketing outlet 2), marketing permit, marketing position 2), marketing potential 2), marketing quota, marketing territory, marketing transaction 2), marketing year, usual marketing requirements, advertising, selling, merchandising2) марк. маркетинг (система методов и средств продвижения товаров или услуг от производителя к потребителю; включает анализ рынка, дизайн, разработку упаковки, разработку системы сбыта, рекламу и т. д.)marketing director — маркетинговый директор, директор по маркетингу
marketing expert — маркетинговый эксперт, эксперт в области маркетинга
marketing expertise — маркетинговая экспертиза, экспертная оценка в области маркетинга
Do we need to improve marketing or simply drop a particular product? — Нужно ли нам улучшить маркетинг или лучше отказаться от какого-л. продукта?
Internet marketing is not as difficult as it sounds. — Маркетинг в интернет не так сложен, как может показаться.
ATTRIBUTES: affinity, agricultural, ambush, back end, bank, bench, brand, business site, business-to-business, buzz, catalogue, cause-related, celebrity, circulation, competitive, concentrated 1) а), consumer goods, consumer, consumer-oriented, convergent, conversion, cooperative, corporate, counter, cross, customized, database, data-driven, developing, differentiated, dimensional, direct mail, direct, direct response, divergent, domestic 2) а), door-to-door, electronic, enlightened, ethnic, event, exponential, export 3. 2) а), farm 1. 1) а), financial 1. 2) а), foreign 1. 1) б), fraudulent, front end, full-scale, generic, geodemographic, global 1. 1) б), grassroots, green, grey, health care, housing, idea, incentive, industrial 1. 1) а), а, innovative, integrated, interactive, international, Internet, joint, knowledge-based, leveraged, list, local 1. 1) а), mass, media, multichannel, multilevel, multisegment, multistep, national 1. 1) а), negative option, network, niche, non-profit, one-step, one-to-one, on-line, operational, opt-in, opt-out, organic, organizational, permission, person, personal, personnel, place, product, product-differentiated, product-oriented, promotion, promotional, referral, regional, request, retail, scientific, segmented, sense-of-mission, service 1. 2) а), shopper, social, societal, sports, stimulating, strategic, structure, supporting, symbiotic, synchro, tactical, target 3. 2) а), targeted, telephone, television, test, trade, undifferentiated, unsegmented, vacation, value, vendor, video, viral, world
See:affinity marketing, agricultural marketing, agrimarketing, ambush marketing, back end marketing, back-end marketing, bank marketing, benchmarketing, brand marketing, business site marketing, business-to-business marketing, buzz marketing, catalogue marketing, cause-related marketing, celebrity marketing, circulation marketing, comarketing, co-marketing, competitive marketing, concentrated marketing, consumer goods marketing, consumer marketing, consumer-oriented marketing, convergent marketing, conversion marketing, cooperative marketing 1), corporate marketing, countermarketing, counter-marketing, cross-marketing, customized marketing, database marketing, data-driven marketing, demarketing, developing marketing, differentiated marketing, dimensional marketing, direct mail marketing, direct marketing 1), direct response marketing, direct-mail marketing, divergent marketing, domestic marketing 1), door-to-door marketing, electronic marketing, e-marketing, enlightened marketing, ethnic marketing, event marketing, events marketing, exponential marketing, export marketing, farm marketing, financial marketing, foreign marketing, fraudulent marketing, front end marketing, front-end marketing, full-scale marketing, generic marketing, geodemographic marketing, global marketing 1), grassroots marketing, green marketing, grey marketing, health care marketing, housing marketing, idea marketing, incentive marketing, industrial marketing, innovative marketing, integrated marketing, interactive marketing, international marketing, 2), joint marketing, knowledge-based marketing, leveraged marketing, list marketing, local marketing 1), macromarketing, mass marketing 1), media marketing, megamarketing, micromarketing, micro-marketing, multilevel marketing, multisegment marketing, multistep marketing, multi-step marketing, national marketing 1), negative option marketing, network marketing, niche marketing, non-profit marketing, one-step marketing, one-to-one marketing, on-line marketing, operational marketing, opt-in marketing, opt-out marketing, organic marketing, organizational marketing, permission marketing, person marketing, personal marketing, personnel marketing, place marketing, political candidate marketing, political marketing, pre-emptive marketing, premarketing, pre-marketing, product marketing, product-differentiated marketing, product-oriented marketing, promotion marketing, promotional marketing, referral marketing, regional marketing 1), remarketing, request marketing, retail marketing, scientific marketing, segmented marketing, sense-of-mission marketing, services marketing, shopper marketing, social marketing, societal marketing, sports marketing, stimulating marketing, strategic marketing, structure marketing, supporting marketing, symbiotic marketing, synchro marketing, synchromarketing, tactical marketing, target marketing, targeted marketing, telemarketing, telephone marketing, television marketing, test marketing, trade marketing, undifferentiated marketing, unsegmented marketing, vacation marketing, value marketing, vendor marketing, video marketing, viral marketing, world marketing, marketing action, marketing administration, marketing agency, marketing agreement, marketing analysis, marketing analyst, marketing appeal, marketing approach, marketing area, marketing arithmetic, marketing audit, marketing auditor, marketing behaviour 1), marketing bill, marketing budget, marketing campaign, marketing capability, marketing career, marketing chain, marketing channel, marketing communications, marketing company, marketing concept, marketing consultant, marketing control, marketing cooperation, marketing cooperative, marketing cost, marketing database, marketing decision, marketing department, marketing editor, marketing effectiveness, marketing efficiency, marketing environment, marketing ethics, marketing evaluation, marketing event, marketing expenditure, marketing expense, marketing expense-to-sales analysis, marketing experiment, marketing facilities 2), marketing feasibility, marketing firm, marketing function, marketing image, marketing implications, marketing information system, marketing instrument, marketing intelligence, marketing intermediary, marketing launch, marketing level 1), marketing logistics, marketing man, marketing management, marketing manager, marketing margin, marketing media, marketing medium, marketing middleman, marketing mix, marketing model, marketing myopia, marketing niche, marketing offer, marketing opportunity, marketing organization, marketing orientation, marketing outlet 1), marketing overkill, marketing performance, marketing plan, marketing planning, marketing position 1), marketing positioning, marketing potential 1), marketing productivity, marketing representative, marketing research, marketing response, marketing risk, marketing science, marketing scientist, marketing segmentation, marketing service, marketing specialist, marketing spread, marketing stimulus, marketing strategy, marketing strength, marketing support, marketing system, marketing tactics, marketing technique, marketing tool, marketing transaction 1), marketing value, marketing warfare, marketing weakness, advertising, pricing, promotion, product line, ICC / ESOMAR International Code of Marketing and Social Research Practice, ICC Guidelines / Code on Advertising and Marketing on the Internet, ICC International Codes of Marketing and Advertising Practices, Journal of Marketing, Marketing Society, American Marketing Association, British Institute of Marketing, Chartered Institute of Marketing, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation3) торг. покупка продуктов (как правило, на рынке), закупка провизииI could prove that any male could do the weekly marketing at our local Ding Dong faster than any Mom. — Могу сказать с уверенностью, что любой мужчина может закупать провизию в нашем местном "Динг-Донге" быстрее домохозяйки.
See:4) потр., редк. предметы торговли; купленные товары [продукты\]See:
* * *
маркетинг: система методов и средств продвижения товаров от производителя к потребителю; включает анализ рынка, дизайн, разработку упаковки, организацию сбыта, рекламу и т. д.* * *. система организации производственно-сбытовой деятельности предприятия, в основе которой лежит комплексное изучение рынка, оценка и учет всех условий производства и сбыта продукции, товаров, услуг в ближайшее и более отдаленной перспективе. Основными элементами М. выступают: маркетинговые исследования и сбор информации, планирование ассортимента продукции, реализация, реклама и стимулирование сбыта. . Словарь экономических терминов 1 .* * *маркетинг’процесс выявления, максимизации и удовлетворения потребительского спроса на изделия компании -
48 RIS
1) Компьютерная техника: Remote Installation Server2) Авиация: infectious substances (обозначение ИАТА)3) Медицина: Radiology Information System (DICOM)4) Военный термин: RADIAC instrument system, range information system, range instrumentation station, receiving inspection segment, regulatory information system, reports identification symbol, retail inventory system, rotating image scanner5) Техника: Receipt Inspection Segment, range instrumentation ship, reporting identification symbol, reservoir-induced seismicity, resistive gate-insulator-semiconductor, resonance ionization spectroscopy6) Грубое выражение: Ricky Is Sexy7) Сокращение: Radar Information Service, Rail Interface System, Range Instrumentation System, Reconnaissance Interface System, Reparto Informazioni e Sicurezza (Italian military operational intelligence organisation), Royal Imperial Society8) Физиология: Resistance, Immunity, Susceptibility9) Нефть: reliability information system, система сбора, обработки и хранения данных о надёжности (reliability information system)10) Онкология: Radiological Information System11) Космонавтика: Regional Information Service (ESCAP)12) Фирменный знак: Radiology Information Systems, Reliable Internet Systems, Reprographic Imaging Services13) Экология: Regulatory Impact Statement14) Деловая лексика: Regional Innovation And Strategy, Relocation Information Services, Retail Information System15) Сетевые технологии: Remote Installation Service16) Телефония: Real-time information server17) Океанография: River Information Services18) Макаров: resistor-insulator-semiconductor19) Нефть и газ: refinery information system20) Майкрософт: служба RIS21) НАСА: Research Information System22) Международная торговля: Regional Innovation Strategies, Regional Innovation Strategy23) Оргтехника: Raster Input Scanner -
49 MOS
1) Общая лексика: минимальная рабочая скорость (Minimum Operating Speed)2) Американизм: Mean Opinion Scoring, Member Of Opposite Sex, Military Occupational Specialties3) Военный термин: Maritime Operational Intelligence Summary, Military Occupational Specialty, Month Of Supply, maintenance and operations support, major operating system, management operating system, marking of overseas shipments, military observers, military overseas, minimum operating strip, missile on site, missile on stand, missile operations strategy, mission operations system4) Техника: maritime observation satellite, metal-oxide-silicon, МОП-структура, структура металл-оксид-полупроводник5) Химия: моно-олигосахариды6) Религия: Minions Of Satan, Music Of The Spirit7) Грубое выражение: Model Output Statistics, Mutual Orgasm Society, Sex8) Телекоммуникации: Mambo Open Source, Mean Opinion Score9) Сокращение: Meridian Ocean Systems (USA), Metal Oxide Semiconductor, Metal on silicone (type of integrated circuit), Metal-Oxide Semiconductor, Military Occupational Specialty (USA), Ministry of Supply, Monitor Only crew Station, manned orbital station, mosaic, Military Occupation Speciality10) Университет: My Own Science11) Электроника: Metal On Silicon12) Вычислительная техника: Metal Oxide Semiconductor (IC), Multiprogramming Operating System (OS, NCR), Minimum Operating System (OS, UNIVAC 9200, UNIVAC 9300), Master Operating System (OS, Varian), metal-oxide-semiconductor13) Генетика: зеркально ориентированная селекция14) Космонавтика: Marine Observation Satellite (Japan)15) Фирменный знак: Members Owners And Staff, My Own Store16) Экология: сообщество обитающих вместе организмов, не связанных мутуалистическими взаимоотношениями17) СМИ: Man On Street, Man On the Street18) Деловая лексика: Margin Of Success, Margin On Services, Money Order Sales, Mutual Offset System19) Бытовая техника: МОП20) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Maintenance override switch = bypass switch, maintenance override switch (bypass switch)21) Образование: Mohican Outdoor School22) Сетевые технологии: Media Object Server, Microsoft Online Service, Minimum Operable Segment23) Океанография: Marine Observation Satellite, Military Oceanography Subcommittee, Mountain Ocean Sunshine24) Сахалин Ю: manager of surveillance25) Сахалин А: maintenance override switch26) Расширение файла: Magneto-Optic Storage, Metal Oxide Silicon27) Имена и фамилии: Man Of Steel28) Должность: Make Over Specialist, Microsoft Office Specialist, Military Occupational Speciality, My Other Secretary30) Программное обеспечение: Mit Out Sound31) Единицы измерений: Month Or Months32) Международная торговля: Mercantile Office System33) Клинические исследования: Medical Outcomes Study -
50 MOs
1) Общая лексика: минимальная рабочая скорость (Minimum Operating Speed)2) Американизм: Mean Opinion Scoring, Member Of Opposite Sex, Military Occupational Specialties3) Военный термин: Maritime Operational Intelligence Summary, Military Occupational Specialty, Month Of Supply, maintenance and operations support, major operating system, management operating system, marking of overseas shipments, military observers, military overseas, minimum operating strip, missile on site, missile on stand, missile operations strategy, mission operations system4) Техника: maritime observation satellite, metal-oxide-silicon, МОП-структура, структура металл-оксид-полупроводник5) Химия: моно-олигосахариды6) Религия: Minions Of Satan, Music Of The Spirit7) Грубое выражение: Model Output Statistics, Mutual Orgasm Society, Sex8) Телекоммуникации: Mambo Open Source, Mean Opinion Score9) Сокращение: Meridian Ocean Systems (USA), Metal Oxide Semiconductor, Metal on silicone (type of integrated circuit), Metal-Oxide Semiconductor, Military Occupational Specialty (USA), Ministry of Supply, Monitor Only crew Station, manned orbital station, mosaic, Military Occupation Speciality10) Университет: My Own Science11) Электроника: Metal On Silicon12) Вычислительная техника: Metal Oxide Semiconductor (IC), Multiprogramming Operating System (OS, NCR), Minimum Operating System (OS, UNIVAC 9200, UNIVAC 9300), Master Operating System (OS, Varian), metal-oxide-semiconductor13) Генетика: зеркально ориентированная селекция14) Космонавтика: Marine Observation Satellite (Japan)15) Фирменный знак: Members Owners And Staff, My Own Store16) Экология: сообщество обитающих вместе организмов, не связанных мутуалистическими взаимоотношениями17) СМИ: Man On Street, Man On the Street18) Деловая лексика: Margin Of Success, Margin On Services, Money Order Sales, Mutual Offset System19) Бытовая техника: МОП20) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Maintenance override switch = bypass switch, maintenance override switch (bypass switch)21) Образование: Mohican Outdoor School22) Сетевые технологии: Media Object Server, Microsoft Online Service, Minimum Operable Segment23) Океанография: Marine Observation Satellite, Military Oceanography Subcommittee, Mountain Ocean Sunshine24) Сахалин Ю: manager of surveillance25) Сахалин А: maintenance override switch26) Расширение файла: Magneto-Optic Storage, Metal Oxide Silicon27) Имена и фамилии: Man Of Steel28) Должность: Make Over Specialist, Microsoft Office Specialist, Military Occupational Speciality, My Other Secretary30) Программное обеспечение: Mit Out Sound31) Единицы измерений: Month Or Months32) Международная торговля: Mercantile Office System33) Клинические исследования: Medical Outcomes Study -
51 MoS
1) Общая лексика: минимальная рабочая скорость (Minimum Operating Speed)2) Американизм: Mean Opinion Scoring, Member Of Opposite Sex, Military Occupational Specialties3) Военный термин: Maritime Operational Intelligence Summary, Military Occupational Specialty, Month Of Supply, maintenance and operations support, major operating system, management operating system, marking of overseas shipments, military observers, military overseas, minimum operating strip, missile on site, missile on stand, missile operations strategy, mission operations system4) Техника: maritime observation satellite, metal-oxide-silicon, МОП-структура, структура металл-оксид-полупроводник5) Химия: моно-олигосахариды6) Религия: Minions Of Satan, Music Of The Spirit7) Грубое выражение: Model Output Statistics, Mutual Orgasm Society, Sex8) Телекоммуникации: Mambo Open Source, Mean Opinion Score9) Сокращение: Meridian Ocean Systems (USA), Metal Oxide Semiconductor, Metal on silicone (type of integrated circuit), Metal-Oxide Semiconductor, Military Occupational Specialty (USA), Ministry of Supply, Monitor Only crew Station, manned orbital station, mosaic, Military Occupation Speciality10) Университет: My Own Science11) Электроника: Metal On Silicon12) Вычислительная техника: Metal Oxide Semiconductor (IC), Multiprogramming Operating System (OS, NCR), Minimum Operating System (OS, UNIVAC 9200, UNIVAC 9300), Master Operating System (OS, Varian), metal-oxide-semiconductor13) Генетика: зеркально ориентированная селекция14) Космонавтика: Marine Observation Satellite (Japan)15) Фирменный знак: Members Owners And Staff, My Own Store16) Экология: сообщество обитающих вместе организмов, не связанных мутуалистическими взаимоотношениями17) СМИ: Man On Street, Man On the Street18) Деловая лексика: Margin Of Success, Margin On Services, Money Order Sales, Mutual Offset System19) Бытовая техника: МОП20) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Maintenance override switch = bypass switch, maintenance override switch (bypass switch)21) Образование: Mohican Outdoor School22) Сетевые технологии: Media Object Server, Microsoft Online Service, Minimum Operable Segment23) Океанография: Marine Observation Satellite, Military Oceanography Subcommittee, Mountain Ocean Sunshine24) Сахалин Ю: manager of surveillance25) Сахалин А: maintenance override switch26) Расширение файла: Magneto-Optic Storage, Metal Oxide Silicon27) Имена и фамилии: Man Of Steel28) Должность: Make Over Specialist, Microsoft Office Specialist, Military Occupational Speciality, My Other Secretary30) Программное обеспечение: Mit Out Sound31) Единицы измерений: Month Or Months32) Международная торговля: Mercantile Office System33) Клинические исследования: Medical Outcomes Study -
52 mos
1) Общая лексика: минимальная рабочая скорость (Minimum Operating Speed)2) Американизм: Mean Opinion Scoring, Member Of Opposite Sex, Military Occupational Specialties3) Военный термин: Maritime Operational Intelligence Summary, Military Occupational Specialty, Month Of Supply, maintenance and operations support, major operating system, management operating system, marking of overseas shipments, military observers, military overseas, minimum operating strip, missile on site, missile on stand, missile operations strategy, mission operations system4) Техника: maritime observation satellite, metal-oxide-silicon, МОП-структура, структура металл-оксид-полупроводник5) Химия: моно-олигосахариды6) Религия: Minions Of Satan, Music Of The Spirit7) Грубое выражение: Model Output Statistics, Mutual Orgasm Society, Sex8) Телекоммуникации: Mambo Open Source, Mean Opinion Score9) Сокращение: Meridian Ocean Systems (USA), Metal Oxide Semiconductor, Metal on silicone (type of integrated circuit), Metal-Oxide Semiconductor, Military Occupational Specialty (USA), Ministry of Supply, Monitor Only crew Station, manned orbital station, mosaic, Military Occupation Speciality10) Университет: My Own Science11) Электроника: Metal On Silicon12) Вычислительная техника: Metal Oxide Semiconductor (IC), Multiprogramming Operating System (OS, NCR), Minimum Operating System (OS, UNIVAC 9200, UNIVAC 9300), Master Operating System (OS, Varian), metal-oxide-semiconductor13) Генетика: зеркально ориентированная селекция14) Космонавтика: Marine Observation Satellite (Japan)15) Фирменный знак: Members Owners And Staff, My Own Store16) Экология: сообщество обитающих вместе организмов, не связанных мутуалистическими взаимоотношениями17) СМИ: Man On Street, Man On the Street18) Деловая лексика: Margin Of Success, Margin On Services, Money Order Sales, Mutual Offset System19) Бытовая техника: МОП20) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Maintenance override switch = bypass switch, maintenance override switch (bypass switch)21) Образование: Mohican Outdoor School22) Сетевые технологии: Media Object Server, Microsoft Online Service, Minimum Operable Segment23) Океанография: Marine Observation Satellite, Military Oceanography Subcommittee, Mountain Ocean Sunshine24) Сахалин Ю: manager of surveillance25) Сахалин А: maintenance override switch26) Расширение файла: Magneto-Optic Storage, Metal Oxide Silicon27) Имена и фамилии: Man Of Steel28) Должность: Make Over Specialist, Microsoft Office Specialist, Military Occupational Speciality, My Other Secretary30) Программное обеспечение: Mit Out Sound31) Единицы измерений: Month Or Months32) Международная торговля: Mercantile Office System33) Клинические исследования: Medical Outcomes Study -
53 IOSS
1) Военный термин: Integrated Operational Support Study, Intelligence Organization Stationing Study, intelligence organization and stationing study2) Сокращение: Input/ Output Subsystem for Remote Bar Code System ( RBCS) including ISS, ICU, IPU, DSU, SCC, OSS, Intelligent Operation Support System3) Вычислительная техника: Input-Output Subsystem4) Сетевые технологии: подсистема ввода-вывода -
54 OASIS
OASIS, operational applications of special intelligence systems————————OASIS, operational automatic scheduling information systemавтоматическая оперативная система сбора и обработки планирующей информации————————OASIS, optimized air-to-surface IR seekerоптимизированный вариант ИК ГСН ракеты класса "воздух - поверхность"English-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > OASIS
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55 Memory
To what extent can we lump together what goes on when you try to recall: (1) your name; (2) how you kick a football; and (3) the present location of your car keys? If we use introspective evidence as a guide, the first seems an immediate automatic response. The second may require constructive internal replay prior to our being able to produce a verbal description. The third... quite likely involves complex operational responses under the control of some general strategy system. Is any unitary search process, with a single set of characteristics and inputoutput relations, likely to cover all these cases? (Reitman, 1970, p. 485)[Semantic memory] Is a mental thesaurus, organized knowledge a person possesses about words and other verbal symbols, their meanings and referents, about relations among them, and about rules, formulas, and algorithms for the manipulation of these symbols, concepts, and relations. Semantic memory does not register perceptible properties of inputs, but rather cognitive referents of input signals. (Tulving, 1972, p. 386)The mnemonic code, far from being fixed and unchangeable, is structured and restructured along with general development. Such a restructuring of the code takes place in close dependence on the schemes of intelligence. The clearest indication of this is the observation of different types of memory organisation in accordance with the age level of a child so that a longer interval of retention without any new presentation, far from causing a deterioration of memory, may actually improve it. (Piaget & Inhelder, 1973, p. 36)4) The Logic of Some Memory Theorization Is of Dubious Worth in the History of PsychologyIf a cue was effective in memory retrieval, then one could infer it was encoded; if a cue was not effective, then it was not encoded. The logic of this theorization is "heads I win, tails you lose" and is of dubious worth in the history of psychology. We might ask how long scientists will puzzle over questions with no answers. (Solso, 1974, p. 28)We have iconic, echoic, active, working, acoustic, articulatory, primary, secondary, episodic, semantic, short-term, intermediate-term, and longterm memories, and these memories contain tags, traces, images, attributes, markers, concepts, cognitive maps, natural-language mediators, kernel sentences, relational rules, nodes, associations, propositions, higher-order memory units, and features. (Eysenck, 1977, p. 4)The problem with the memory metaphor is that storage and retrieval of traces only deals [ sic] with old, previously articulated information. Memory traces can perhaps provide a basis for dealing with the "sameness" of the present experience with previous experiences, but the memory metaphor has no mechanisms for dealing with novel information. (Bransford, McCarrell, Franks & Nitsch, 1977, p. 434)7) The Results of a Hundred Years of the Psychological Study of Memory Are Somewhat DiscouragingThe results of a hundred years of the psychological study of memory are somewhat discouraging. We have established firm empirical generalisations, but most of them are so obvious that every ten-year-old knows them anyway. We have made discoveries, but they are only marginally about memory; in many cases we don't know what to do with them, and wear them out with endless experimental variations. We have an intellectually impressive group of theories, but history offers little confidence that they will provide any meaningful insight into natural behavior. (Neisser, 1978, pp. 12-13)A schema, then is a data structure for representing the generic concepts stored in memory. There are schemata representing our knowledge about all concepts; those underlying objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions and sequences of actions. A schema contains, as part of its specification, the network of interrelations that is believed to normally hold among the constituents of the concept in question. A schema theory embodies a prototype theory of meaning. That is, inasmuch as a schema underlying a concept stored in memory corresponds to the mean ing of that concept, meanings are encoded in terms of the typical or normal situations or events that instantiate that concept. (Rumelhart, 1980, p. 34)Memory appears to be constrained by a structure, a "syntax," perhaps at quite a low level, but it is free to be variable, deviant, even erratic at a higher level....Like the information system of language, memory can be explained in part by the abstract rules which underlie it, but only in part. The rules provide a basic competence, but they do not fully determine performance. (Campbell, 1982, pp. 228, 229)When people think about the mind, they often liken it to a physical space, with memories and ideas as objects contained within that space. Thus, we speak of ideas being in the dark corners or dim recesses of our minds, and of holding ideas in mind. Ideas may be in the front or back of our minds, or they may be difficult to grasp. With respect to the processes involved in memory, we talk about storing memories, of searching or looking for lost memories, and sometimes of finding them. An examination of common parlance, therefore, suggests that there is general adherence to what might be called the spatial metaphor. The basic assumptions of this metaphor are that memories are treated as objects stored in specific locations within the mind, and the retrieval process involves a search through the mind in order to find specific memories....However, while the spatial metaphor has shown extraordinary longevity, there have been some interesting changes over time in the precise form of analogy used. In particular, technological advances have influenced theoretical conceptualisations.... The original Greek analogies were based on wax tablets and aviaries; these were superseded by analogies involving switchboards, gramophones, tape recorders, libraries, conveyor belts, and underground maps. Most recently, the workings of human memory have been compared to computer functioning... and it has been suggested that the various memory stores found in computers have their counterparts in the human memory system. (Eysenck, 1984, pp. 79-80)Primary memory [as proposed by William James] relates to information that remains in consciousness after it has been perceived, and thus forms part of the psychological present, whereas secondary memory contains information about events that have left consciousness, and are therefore part of the psychological past. (Eysenck, 1984, p. 86)Once psychologists began to study long-term memory per se, they realized it may be divided into two main categories.... Semantic memories have to do with our general knowledge about the working of the world. We know what cars do, what stoves do, what the laws of gravity are, and so on. Episodic memories are largely events that took place at a time and place in our personal history. Remembering specific events about our own actions, about our family, and about our individual past falls into this category. With amnesia or in aging, what dims... is our personal episodic memories, save for those that are especially dear or painful to us. Our knowledge of how the world works remains pretty much intact. (Gazzaniga, 1988, p. 42)The nature of memory... provides a natural starting point for an analysis of thinking. Memory is the repository of many of the beliefs and representations that enter into thinking, and the retrievability of these representations can limit the quality of our thought. (Smith, 1990, p. 1)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Memory
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56 OASIS
1. Oak Ridge automated safeguards information system - автоматизированная информационная система по средствам защиты АЭС Окриджской национальной лаборатории;2. ocean all-source information system - океанская комплексная информационная система;3. operational applications of special intelligence systems - оперативное использование специальных разведывательных систем;4. optimized air-to-surface infrared seeker - оптимизированная инфракрасная головка самонаведения для ракет класса "воздух-поверхность" -
57 equipment
имущество; снаряжение; обмундирование; материальная часть; ( боевая) техника; аппаратура; технические средства; приборы; см. тж. set782 equipment — усл. личное военное снаряжение (МП)
test, measurement and diagnostic equipment — комплекс испытательно-измерительной и диагностической аппаратуры
— engineering equipment— gasoline dispensing equipment— material s-handling equipment— multichannel communications equipment— water supply equipment -
58 OICS
Военный термин: operational intelligence collection system -
59 OISS
Военный термин: Operational Intelligence Support System -
60 система сбора оперативных разведывательных данных
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > система сбора оперативных разведывательных данных
См. также в других словарях:
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