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only-in-chain

  • 61 length

    [leŋθ]
    n

    In what length must the rails be? They can be made any length. — Какой длины должны быть рельсы? Их можно сделать любой длины.

    We need more than one length of the pipe. — Одного отрезка трубы нам не хватит.

    The length of the room is twice its width. — Длина этой комнаты вдвое больше, чем ширина.

    - average length
    - considerable length
    - radio wave length
    - shoulder length hair
    - knee length skirt
    - length of a dress
    - short length of a steel chain
    - five inch length of rope
    - total length of the field
    - length of a train
    - length of march
    - of equal length
    - of the same length
    - at arm's length
    - over the whole length of the course
    - along the length of the shore
    - cut smth into equal lengths
    - cut into half-inch lengths
    - extend one's arm to its full length
    - extend to the length of twenty miles
    - go the length of the street
    - grow to reach a length of three or four metres
    - keep at arm's length
    - keep smb at arm's lenghth
    - lie on the ground at full length
    - measure one's sleeve length
    - stretch one's legs at full length
    - travel the length of the island
    - cut the speech to half its length
    - river is navigable for the whole of its length

    He was away for some length of time. — Его довольно долго не было здесь.

    He spoke for a length of time. — Он долго говорил.

    He would go to any length to get his own way. — Он не остановится ни перед чем, чтобы достичь своего.

    He went to great length to please her. — Он шел на все, чтобы угодить ей.

    Once he makes up his mind he would go to all length. — Уж если он что-либо решит, его ничем не остановишь.

    - hour's length
    - length of a holiday
    - length of a lifetime
    - length of service
    - length of a lease
    - length of a vowel
    - length of days
    - length of time required to do the job
    - length and the breadth of the place
    - stay of some length
    - in length of time
    - cut the report to half its length
    - do smth at length
    - report events at length
    - see a friend after a length of absence
    - speak at great length on the subject
    - at length he came to understand it
    - at length we convinced him
    - day arrived

    A book is not judged only by its length. — О книге судят не только по ее размеру/объему.

    It would require a length of text beyond the scope of a single volume. — Это потребует объема текста, выходящего за пределы одного тома.

    - dress length
    - length of a book
    - length of the examination paper
    - length of a film
    - length of cloth
    - length of wood
    - portrait at full length
    USAGE:
    (1.) Русское устойчивое словосочетание во всю длину соответствует английскому at full length: to stretch one's legs at full length вытянуть ноги во всю длину; to fall on the ground at full length упасть на землю/растянуться во всю длину. (2.) See depth, n; USAGE (1.), (2.). (3.) See height, n; USAGE (1.), (2.).

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > length

  • 62 an ass between two bundles of hay

    (an ass between two bundles (или bottles) of hay (тж. Buridan's ass))
    буриданов осёл (о человеке, не решающемся сделать выбор) [этим. фр. l'âne de Buridan; французскому философу XIV в. Буридану приписывается рассказ об осле, умершем от голода, так как он не решался сделать выбор между двумя одинаковыми охапками сена]

    In his quieter moods he thought often of Katha and Margaret and the curious chain of circumstances which had brought him to this unsatisfactory dangling between two women, one now almost a dream, the other only too palpably near. He felt like Buridan's ass, which starved between the two bundles of hay. (R. Aldington, ‘All Men Are Enemies’, part II, ch. VI) — В более спокойные минуты он часто думал о Кате и Маргарет и о том странном стечении обстоятельств, приведшем его к этому метанью между двумя женщинами, из которых одна стала теперь уже почти мечтой, а другая - увы! - слишком ощутимо близкой. Он чувствовал себя в положении буриданова осла, умиравшего с голоду между двумя охапками сена.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > an ass between two bundles of hay

  • 63 Cashmere Shawls

    French woollen manufacturers make a fabric on jacquard looms in many coloured effects from fine worsted and woollen yarns that they term cashmere shawls. At the best they are only imitations. ———————— The natives of Kashmir and Tibet have made these shawls for centuries, and they are, perhaps, the finest textiles known. They are made on hand looms from hand spun yarns of Pashmina wool. Either plain or twill weave, one or more colours, in numerous gorgeous designs and often being embroidered. A doubled warp yarn and single weft is usual, the weft being wound on small sticks to use as shuttles. There are numerous varieties, of which the most esteemed are Doshalla, Kussaba, Jamewar and Ulwan. The fabric is also used for gowns and dress purposes (see kasabeh, jamawar). The ornaments of the shawls are denoted by different names, viz: - Pala - The whole of the embroidery at the two ends. Hashia - The border, one at each side. Zanjir (or Chain) - Runs above and also below the principal mass of the Pala and confines it. Dhour (or Running Ornament) - Situated to the inside in regard to the Hashia and the Zanjir enveloping the whole field. Kunjbutha - A cornet ornament of clustered flowers. Mitton - The field or ground within the borders. Matton - The decorated part of the field. Butha - Generic term for flowers, especially the cone-like ornaments (see butha)

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Cashmere Shawls

  • 64 sure

    sure, US [transcription][SU\\@r]
    A adj
    1 ( certain) sûr (about, of de) ; I feel sure that… je suis sûr que… ; I'm quite sure (that) I'm right je suis tout à fait sûr que j'ai raison or d'avoir raison ; ‘are you sure?’-‘yes, I'm sure’ ‘en es-tu sûr?’-‘oui, j'en suis sûr’ ; I'm not sure when he's coming/how old he is je ne sais pas trop quand il viendra/quel âge il a ; I'm not sure if ou whether he's coming or not je ne sais pas trop s'il va venir ou pas ; I'm not sure that he'll be able to do it je ne suis pas sûr qu'il puisse le faire ; (are you) sure you're all right? t'es sûr que ça va? ; to be sure of one's facts être sûr de son fait ; you can be sure of a warm welcome/of succeeding vous pouvez être sûr d'être bien accueilli/de réussir ; she'll be on time, of that you can be sure elle sera à l'heure, tu peux en être sûr ; one thing you can be sure of… une chose est sûre… ; I couldn't be sure I had locked the door je n'étais pas vraiment sûr d'avoir fermé la porte ; ‘did you lock it?’-‘I'm not sure I did’ ‘tu l'as fermé?’-‘je n'en suis pas sûr’ ; I'm sure I don't know, I don't know I'm sure je n'en ai pas la moindre idée ; we can never be sure on n'est jamais sûr de rien ; I wouldn't be so sure about that! ça m'étonnerait! ; I won't invite them again, and that's for sure ! une chose est sûre, je ne les inviterai plus! ; we 'll be there next week for sure! on y sera la semaine prochaine sans faute! ; we can't say for sure nous n'en sommes pas vraiment sûrs ; nobody knows for sure personne ne (le) sait au juste ; there' s only one way of finding out for sure il n'y a qu'une seule façon de s'en assurer or d'en avoir la certitude ; he is, to be sure, a very charming man c'est certes un homme très charmant ; to make sure that ( ascertain) s'assurer que (+ indic) ; ( ensure) faire en sorte que (+ subj) ; make sure all goes well fais en sorte que tout se passe bien ; make sure you phone me n'oublie pas de m'appeler ; be ou make sure to tell him that… surtout n'oublie pas de lui dire que… ; she made sure to lock the door behind her elle a fait bien attention de fermer la porte derrière elle ; in the sure and certain knowledge of/that avec la profonde conviction de/que ; he's a sure favourite (to win) Sport c'est le grand favori ;
    2 ( bound) he's sure to fail il va sûrement échouer ; she' s sure to be there elle y sera sûrement ; if I am in the shower, the phone is sure to ring si je suis sous la douche, le téléphone va sûrement se mettre à sonner ;
    3 ( confident) sûr ; to be/feel sure of oneself être/se sentir sûr de soi ; I never feel quite sure of her je me méfie toujours un peu d'elle ;
    4 ( reliable) [friend] sûr ; [method, remedy] infaillible ; the surest route to success le moyen le plus sûr de réussir ; the surest way to do le moyen le plus efficace de faire ; she was chain-smoking, a sure sign of agitation elle fumait sans arrêt, ce qui montrait bien qu'elle était agitée ; to have a sure eye for detail/colour avoir l'œil pour les détails/la couleur ;
    5 ( steady) [hand, footing] sûr ; with a sure hand d'une main sûre ; to have a sure aim bien viser.
    B adv
    1 ( yes) bien sûr ; ‘you're coming?’-‘sure!’ ‘tu viens?’-‘bien sûr!’ ;
    2 ( certainly) it sure is cold ça oui, il fait froid ; ‘is it cold?’-‘it sure is!’ ‘fait-il froid?’-‘ça oui !’ ; that sure smells good ! US qu'est-ce que ça sent bon ! ;
    3 sure enough effectivement ; I said he'd be late and sure enough he was! j'ai dit qu'il serait en retard et effectivement il l'était!
    as sure as eggs is eggs , as sure as fate, as sure as I'm standing here aussi sûr que deux et deux font quatre ; sure thing ! US d'accord! ; to be sure! certes!

    Big English-French dictionary > sure

  • 65 watch

    A n
    1 ( timepiece) montre f ; my watch is slow/fast ma montre retarde/avance ; by my watch it's three o'clock à ma montre il est trois heures ; to set one's watch mettre sa montre à l'heure ; you can set your watch by him vous pouvez vous régler sur lui ;
    2 (lookout, surveillance) gen, Mil surveillance f (on sur) ; to keep watch [sentry, police, watcher] monter la garde ; to keep (a) watch on sb/sth lit, fig surveiller qn/qch ; keep a close watch on expenditure surveillez les dépenses de près ; to keep watch over sb/sth monter la garde auprès de qn/près de qch ; to be on the watch être sur ses gardes ; to be on the watch for sb/sth lit guetter qn/qch ; fig être à l'affût de qn/qch ; to set a watch on sb/sth tenir qn/qch à l'œil ; badger/fox watch observation f des blaireaux/renards ; tornado watch Meteorol surveillance f des cyclones ;
    3 Naut ( time on duty) quart m ; ( crew on duty) ( one person) homme m de quart ; ( several) quart m ; the port/starboard watch les bâbordais mpl/tribordais mpl ; to be/go on watch être de quart/prendre le quart ; to come off watch rendre le quart ;
    4 Mil, Hist ( patrol) the watch le guet.
    B modif [chain, spring, strap] de montre.
    C vtr
    1 lit ( look at) regarder [event, entertainment, object, sport, television] ; ( observe) observer [behaviour, animal] ; she watches three hours of television a day elle regarde la télévision trois heures par jour ; is there anything worth watching on television? y a-t-il quelque chose à voir à la télévision? ; I watched them with binoculars je les ai observés avec des jumelles ; he watched them run ou running il les a regardés courir ; she's a pleasure to watch c'est un vrai plaisir de la regarder ; the match, watched by a huge crowd… le match, suivi par une foule immense… ; I've watched these children grow up j'ai vu grandir ces enfants ;
    2 fig ( monitor) suivre [career, progress, development] ; surveiller [situation] ; a young artist/a name to watch un jeune artiste/un nom à suivre ; we had to sit by and watch the collapse of all our hopes nous avons dû assister impuissants à l'effondrement de tous nos espoirs ;
    3 lit ( keep under surveillance) surveiller [building, suspect, troublemaker, movements] ; we're having him watched nous le faisons surveiller ; to watch the clock fig surveiller la pendule ; watch the local press/this noticeboard for further details lire la presse locale/ce panneau d'affichage pour plus de détails ;
    4 ( pay attention to) faire attention à [dangerous object, obstacle, unreliable person, thing] ; surveiller [language, manners, money, weight] ; watch that car/that child! (fais) attention à cette voiture/cet enfant! ; watch your arm/your big feet! fais attention à ton bras/tes grands pieds! ; are you watching the time? est-ce que tu surveilles l'heure? ; watch you don't spill it fais attention à ne pas le renverser ; watch that she doesn't go out alone veille à ce qu'elle ne sorte pas seule ; watch where you're going! regarde devant toi! ; watch where you put that paint-brush! ne mets pas ce pinceau n'importe où! ; watch it ! fais gaffe ! ; to watch one's step lit, fig regarder où on met les pieds ; watch your back ! lit attention devant! ; fig surveille tes arrières! ;
    5 ( look after) garder [property, child, dog].
    D vi
    1 ( look on) regarder (from de) ; as she watched the plane exploded alors qu'elle regardait l'avion a explosé ; they are watching to see what will happen next ils attendent pour voir ce qui va se passer maintenant ; he could only watch helplessly as the disease advanced il ne pouvait que suivre impuissant le progrès de la maladie ;
    2 ( keep vigil) veiller.
    1 lit (on film, TV) se regarder ;
    2 fig ( be careful) faire attention.
    in the long watches of the night littér durant les longues heures de la nuit.
    watch for:
    watch for [sb/sth] guetter [person, event, chance, moment] ; surveiller l'apparition de [symptom, phenomenon, risk] ; watch for the scene where… regardez bien la scène où…
    watch out ( be careful) faire attention (for à) ; ( keep watch) guetter ; watch out! attention! ; to watch out for faire attention à [features, events] ; guetter [person, development, problem] ; I'll watch out for her when I'm in town je guetterai si je la vois quand je serai en ville ; watch out for trouble! gare aux ennuis! ; watch out for our next issue! ne ratez pas notre prochain numéro!
    watch over [sb/sth] veiller sur [person] ; veiller à [interests, rights, welfare].

    Big English-French dictionary > watch

  • 66 side

    side [saɪd]
    côté1 (a)-(d), 1 (f)-(h) flanc1 (a), 1 (e) face1 (c) paroi1 (c) bord1 (d) part1 (f) camp, équipe, parti1 (h) page1 (k) chaîne1 (l) latéral2 (a), 2 (b) de côté2 (b) prendre parti3
    1 noun
    (a) (part of body → of person) côté m; (→ of animal) flanc m;
    lie on your side couchez-vous sur le côté;
    I've got a pain in my right/left side j'ai mal au côté droit/gauche;
    her fists were clenched at her sides ses poings étaient serrés le long de son corps;
    I sat down/stood at or by his side je me suis assis/j'étais debout à ses côtés ou à côté de lui;
    the child remained at her mother's side l'enfant restait à côté de sa mère;
    she was called to the president's side elle a été appelée auprès du président;
    figurative to get on sb's good/bad side s'attirer la sympathie/l'antipathie de qn
    (b) (as opposed to top, bottom, front, back) côté m;
    lay the barrel on its side mettez le fût sur le côté;
    her hair is cut short at the sides ses cheveux sont coupés court sur les côtés;
    there's a door at the side il y a une porte sur le côté;
    the bottle was on its side la bouteille était couchée;
    the car was hit from the side la voiture a subi un choc latéral
    (c) (outer surface → of cube, pyramid) côté m, face f; (inner surface → of bathtub, cave, stomach) paroi f; (of flat object → of biscuit, sheet of paper, cloth) côté m; (→ of coin, record, tape) côté m, face f;
    the sides of the crate are lined with newspaper l'intérieur de la caisse est recouvert de papier journal;
    printed on one side only imprimé d'un seul côté;
    write on both sides of the paper écrivez recto verso;
    grill for three minutes on each side passez au grill trois minutes de chaque côté;
    the right/wrong side of the cloth l'endroit m /l'envers m du tissu;
    the under/upper side of sth le dessous/le dessus de qch;
    the other side of the tape is blank l'autre face de la cassette est vierge;
    figurative the other side of the coin or picture le revers de la médaille;
    to know which side one's bread is buttered on savoir où est son intérêt
    (d) (edge → of triangle, lawn) côté m; (→ of road, pond, river, bed) bord m;
    there's a wall on three sides of the property il y a un mur sur trois côtés du terrain;
    she held on to the side of the pool elle s'accrochait au rebord de la piscine;
    a wave washed him over the side (of the ship) une vague l'emporta par-dessus bord;
    I sat on the side of the bed je me suis assis sur le bord du lit;
    I sat on or at the side of the road je me suis assis au bord de la route;
    she was kneeling by the side of the bed elle était agenouillée à côté du lit
    (e) (slope → of mountain, hill, valley) flanc m, versant m;
    the village is set on the side of a mountain le village est situé sur le flanc d'une montagne
    (f) (opposing part, away from centre) côté m;
    on the other side of the room/wall de l'autre côté de la pièce/du mur;
    on or to one side of the door d'un côté de la porte;
    you're driving on the wrong side! vous conduisez du mauvais côté!;
    on the left/right hand side à (main) gauche/droite;
    on the south side du côté sud;
    which side of the bed do you sleep on? de quel côté du lit dors-tu?;
    she got in on the driver's side elle est montée côté conducteur;
    the sunny side of the stadium le côté ensoleillé du stade;
    the dark side of the moon la face cachée de la lune;
    the Mexican side of the border le côté mexicain de la frontière;
    the lamppost leaned to one side le réverbère penchait d'un côté;
    he wore his hat on one side il portait son chapeau de côté;
    move the bags to one side écartez ou poussez les sacs;
    to jump to one side faire un bond de côté;
    to put sth on or to one side mettre qch de côté;
    to take sb on or to one side prendre qn à part;
    to stand on or to one side se tenir à l'écart ou à part;
    leaving that on one side for the moment… en laissant cela de côté pour l'instant…;
    Manhattan's Lower East Side le quartier sud-est de Manhattan;
    it's way on the other side of town c'est à l'autre bout de la ville;
    on both sides des deux côtés, de part et d'autre;
    on every side, on all sides de tous côtés, de toutes parts;
    they were attacked on or from all sides ils ont été attaqués de tous côtés ou de toutes parts;
    there were flames on every side il y avait des flammes de tous (les) côtés;
    from side to side d'un côté à l'autre;
    the ship rolled from side to side le bateau roulait;
    he's on the right/wrong side of forty il n'a pas encore/il a dépassé la quarantaine;
    stay on the right side of the law restez dans la légalité;
    he operates on the wrong side of the law il fait des affaires en marge de la loi;
    to get on the wrong side of sb prendre qn à rebrousse-poil;
    to get/keep on the right side of sb se mettre/rester bien avec qn;
    esp American to live on the right/wrong side of the tracks habiter un bon/mauvais quartier;
    esp American to come from the wrong side of the tracks être issu d'un milieu défavorisé;
    there's no other hotel this side of Reno il n'y a pas d'autre hôtel entre ici et Reno;
    these are the best beaches this side of Hawaii ce sont les meilleures plages après celles de Hawaii;
    I can't see myself finishing the work this side of Easter je ne me vois pas finir ce travail d'ici Pâques;
    it's a bit on the pricey/small side c'est un peu cher/petit
    (g) (facet, aspect → of problem, situation) aspect m, côté m; (→ of person) côté m;
    to examine all sides of an issue examiner un problème sous tous ses aspects;
    there are many sides to this issue c'est une question complexe;
    there are many sides to her character elle a bien des facettes à son caractère;
    there are two sides to every argument dans toute discussion il y a deux points de vue;
    he's told me his side of the story il m'a donné sa version de l'affaire;
    I could see the funny side of the situation je voyais le côté drôle de la situation;
    I can't see the funny side of that je ne vois pas ce qu'il y a de drôle là-dedans;
    he stressed the positive/humanitarian side il a souligné le côté positif/humanitaire;
    I've kept my side of the deal j'ai tenu mes engagements dans cette affaire;
    she's very good at the practical side of things elle est excellente sur le plan pratique;
    she has her good side elle a ses bons côtés;
    I've seen his cruel side je sais qu'il peut être cruel;
    to have a jealous side avoir un côté jaloux;
    she showed an unexpected side of herself elle a révélé une facette inattendue de sa personnalité
    (h) (group, faction) côté m, camp m; (team) équipe f; Politics (party) parti m;
    the winning side le camp des vainqueurs;
    to pick sides faire les équipes;
    whose side is he on? de quel côté est-il?, dans quel camp est-il?;
    he's on our side il est avec nous ou de notre côté;
    they fought on our side ils se sont battus à nos côtés;
    which side won the war? qui a gagné la guerre?;
    the rebel side les rebelles mpl;
    there is mistrust on both sides il y a de la méfiance dans les deux camps;
    there's still no concrete proposal on or from their side il n'y a toujours pas de proposition concrète de leur part;
    to go over to the other side, to change sides changer de camp;
    luck is on our side la chance est avec nous;
    time is on their side le temps joue en leur faveur;
    he has youth on his side il a l'avantage de la jeunesse;
    he really let the side down il nous/leur/ etc a fait faux bond;
    don't let the side down! nous comptons sur vous!;
    she tried to get the committee on her side elle a essayé de mettre le comité de son côté;
    to take sides prendre parti;
    he took Tom's side against me il a pris le parti de Tom contre moi;
    to be on the side of peace être pour la paix
    she's a Smith on her mother's side c'est une Smith par sa mère;
    he's Polish on both sides ses parents sont tous les deux polonais;
    my grandmother on my mother's/father's side ma grand-mère maternelle/paternelle;
    she gets her love for music from her mother's side of the family elle tient son goût pour la musique du côté maternel de sa famille;
    they are all blond on her father's side of the family ils sont tous blonds du côté de ou dans la famille de son père
    side of pork demi-porc m;
    side of bacon flèche f de lard;
    side of beef/lamb quartier m de bœuf/d'agneau
    I wrote ten sides j'ai écrit dix pages
    what's on the other side? qu'est-ce qu'il y a sur l'autre chaîne?
    (m) British (in snooker, billiards etc) effet m
    (n) British familiar (cheek) culot m; (arrogance) fierté f;
    to put on side se donner des airs ;
    there's no side to him c'est quelqu'un de très simple
    a pork chop with a side of fries une côte de porc avec des frites (servies à part)
    (a) (situated on one side → chapel, window) latéral
    (b) (directional → view) de côté, de profil; (→ elevation, kick) latéral;
    to do a side split (in dance) faire un grand écart latéral;
    Sport to put side spin on a ball donner de l'effet à une balle
    (c) (additional) en plus;
    would anyone like any side orders? (in restaurant) désirez-vous un plat d'accompagnement?;
    I'd like a side order of fries je voudrais aussi des frites
    to side with sb se ranger ou se mettre du côté de qn, prendre parti pour qn;
    it's in our interest to side with the majority nous avons intérêt à nous ranger du côté de la majorité;
    they all sided against her ils se sont tous mis contre elle
    to make a bit of money on the side (gen) se faire un peu d'argent en plus ou supplémentaire; (dishonestly) se remplir les poches;
    she's an artist but works as a taxi driver on the side elle est artiste mais elle fait le chauffeur de taxi pour arrondir ses fins de mois;
    a hamburger with salad on the side un hamburger avec une salade;
    American anything on the side, sir? (in restaurant) et avec cela, Monsieur?
    côte à côte;
    they were walking side by side ils marchaient côte à côte;
    to put two boxes side by side mettre deux boîtes l'une à côté de l'autre;
    the road and the river run side by side la route longe la rivière;
    the tribes lived peacefully side by side les tribus vivaient paisiblement côte à côte;
    we'll be working side by side with the Swiss on this project nous travaillerons en étroite collaboration avec les Suisses sur ce projet
    ►► side aisle (in church) bas-côté m; Theatre allée f latérale;
    Chemistry side chain chaîne f latérale;
    side chapel chapelle f latérale;
    side dish plat m d'accompagnement; (of vegetables) garniture f;
    with a side dish of spinach avec une garniture d'épinards;
    side door porte f latérale;
    figurative to enter a profession by the side door entrer dans une profession par la petite porte;
    side drum tambour m;
    side effect effet m secondaire;
    the drug was found to have harmful side effects on a découvert que le médicament avait des effets secondaires nocifs ou indésirables;
    consumers suffered the side effects of inflation les consommateurs ont subi les répercussions de l'inflation;
    side entrance entrée f latérale;
    side face profil m;
    side glance regard m oblique ou de côté; figurative (allusion) allusion f;
    side impact (between vehicles) choc m latéral;
    side issue question f secondaire;
    the side issues of a question les à-côtés mpl d'une question;
    American familiar side meat poitrine f fumée ;
    the side netting (of goal) le côté du filet;
    side plate petite assiette f (que l'on met à gauche de chaque convive);
    side pocket poche f extérieure;
    side rail (on bridge) garde-fou m; Nautical rambarde f;
    side road (minor road → in country) route f secondaire; (→ in town) petite rue f; (road at right angles) rue f transversale;
    the car was coming out of a side road la voiture débouchait d'une route transversale;
    side salad salade f (pour accompagner un plat);
    side street (minor street) petite rue f; (at right angles) rue f transversale;
    side table petite table f; (for dishes) desserte f; (beside bed) table f de chevet

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > side

  • 67 line management

    (U.K.) Gen Mgt, HR
    a hierarchical chain of command from executive to front-line level. Line management is the oldest and least complex management structure, in which top management have total and direct authority and employees report to only one supervisor. Managers in this type of organization structure have direct responsibility for giving orders to their subordinates. Line management structures are usually organized along functional lines, although they increasingly undertake a variety of cross-functional duties such as employee development or strategic direction. The lowest managerial level in an organization following a line management structure is supervisory management.

    The ultimate business dictionary > line management

  • 68 Bulleid, Oliver Vaughan Snell

    [br]
    b. 19 September 1882 Invercargill, New Zealand
    d. 25 April 1970 Malta
    [br]
    New Zealand (naturalized British) locomotive engineer noted for original experimental work in the 1940s and 1950s.
    [br]
    Bulleid's father died in 1889 and mother and son returned to the UK from New Zealand; Bulleid himself became a premium apprentice under H.A. Ivatt at Doncaster Works, Great Northern Railway (GNR). After working in France and for the Board of Trade, Bulleid returned to the GNR in 1912 as Personal Assistant to Chief Mechanical Engineer H.N. Gresley. After a break for war service, he returned as Assistant to Gresley on the latter's appointment as Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London \& North Eastern Railway in 1923. He was closely associated with Gresley during the late 1920s and early 1930s.
    In 1937 Bulleid was appointed Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Southern Railway (SR). Concentration of resources on electrification had left the Southern short of up-to-date steam locomotives, which Bulleid proceeded to provide. His first design, the "Merchant Navy" class 4–6– 2, appeared in 1941 with chain-driven valve gear enclosed in an oil-bath, and other novel features. A powerful "austerity" 0−6−0 appeared in 1942, shorn of all inessentials to meet wartime conditions, and a mixed-traffic 4−6−2 in 1945. All were largely successful.
    Under Bulleid's supervision, three large, mixed-traffic, electric locomotives were built for the Southern's 660 volt DC system and incorporated flywheel-driven generators to overcome the problem of interruptions in the live rail. Three main-line diesel-electric locomotives were completed after nationalization of the SR in 1948. All were carried on bogies, as was Bulleid's last steam locomotive design for the SR, the "Leader" class 0−6−6−0 originally intended to meet a requirement for a large, passenger tank locomotive. The first was completed after nationalization of the SR, but the project never went beyond trials. Marginally more successful was a double-deck, electric, suburban, multiple-unit train completed in 1949, with alternate high and low compartments to increase train capacity but not length. The main disadvantage was the slow entry and exit by passengers, and the type was not perpetuated, although the prototype train ran in service until 1971.
    In 1951 Bulleid moved to Coras Iompair Éireann, the Irish national transport undertaking, as Chief Mechanical Engineer. There he initiated a large-scale plan for dieselization of the railway system in 1953, the first such plan in the British Isles. Simultaneously he developed, with limited success, a steam locomotive intended to burn peat briquettes: to burn peat, the only native fuel, had been a long-unfulfilled ambition of railway engineers in Ireland. Bulleid retired in 1958.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Bulleid took out six patents between 1941 and 1956, covering inter alia valve gear, boilers, brake apparatus and wagon underframes.
    Further Reading
    H.A.V.Bulleid, 1977, Bulleid of the Southern, Shepperton: Ian Allan (a good biography written by the subject's son).
    C.Fryer, 1990, Experiments with Steam, Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens (provides details of the austerity 0–6–0, the "Leader" locomotive and the peat-burning locomotive: see Chs 19, 20 and 21 respectively).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Bulleid, Oliver Vaughan Snell

  • 69 Diggle, Squire

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    fl. c.1845 England
    [br]
    English inventor of a mechanized drop box for shuttles on power looms.
    [br]
    Robert Kay improved his father John's flying shuttle by inventing the drop box, in which up to four shuttles could be stored one below the other. The weaver's left hand controlled levers and catches to raise or lower the drop box in order to bring the appropriate shuttle into line with the shuttle race on the slay. The shuttle could then be driven across the loom, leaving its particular type or colour of weft. On the earliest power looms of Edmund Cartwright in 1785, and for many years later, it was possible to use only one shuttle. In 1845 Squire Diggle of Bury, Lancashire, took out a patent for mechanizing the drop box so that different types or colours of weft could be woven without the weaver attending to the shuttles. He used an endless chain on which plates of different heights could be fixed to raise the boxes to the required height; later this would be operated by either the dobby or Jacquard pattern-selecting mechanisms. He took out further patents for improvements to looms. One, in 1854, was for taking up the cloth with a positive motion. Two more, in 1858, improved his drop box mechanism: the first was for actually operating the drop box, while the second was for tappet chains which operated the timing for raising the boxes.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1845, British patent no. 10,462 (mechanized drop box). 1854, British patent no. 1,100 (positive uptake of cloth) 1858, British patent no. 2,297 (improved drop-box operation). 1858, British patent no. 2,704 (tappet chains).
    Further Reading
    A.Barlow, 1878, The History and Principles of Weaving by Hand and by Power, London (provides drawings of Diggle's invention).
    C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    See also: Kay, John
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Diggle, Squire

  • 70 Ewart, Peter

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 14 May 1767 Traquair, near Peebles, Scotland
    d. September 1842 London, England
    [br]
    Scottish pioneer in the mechanization of the textile industry.
    [br]
    Peter Ewart, the youngest of six sons, was born at Traquair manse, where his father was a clergyman in the Church of Scotland. He was educated at the Free School, Dumfries, and in 1782 spent a year at Edinburgh University. He followed this with an apprenticeship under John Rennie at Musselburgh before moving south in 1785 to help Rennie erect the Albion corn mill in London. This brought him into contact with Boulton \& Watt, and in 1788 he went to Birmingham to erect a waterwheel and other machinery in the Soho Manufactory. In 1789 he was sent to Manchester to install a steam engine for Peter Drinkwater and thus his long connection with the city began. In 1790 Ewart took up residence in Manchester as Boulton \& Watt's representative. Amongst other engines, he installed one for Samuel Oldknow at Stockport. In 1792 he became a partner with Oldknow in his cotton-spinning business, but because of financial difficulties he moved back to Birmingham in 1795 to help erect the machines in the new Soho Foundry. He was soon back in Manchester in partnership with Samuel Greg at Quarry Bank Mill, Styal, where he was responsible for developing the water power, installing a steam engine, and being concerned with the spinning machinery and, later, gas lighting at Greg's other mills.
    In 1798, Ewart devised an automatic expansion-gear for steam engines, but steam pressures at the time were too low for such a device to be effective. His grasp of the theory of steam power is shown by his paper to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society in 1808, On the Measure of Moving Force. In 1813 he patented a power loom to be worked by the pressure of steam or compressed air. In 1824 Charles Babbage consulted him about automatic looms. His interest in textiles continued until at least 1833, when he obtained a patent for a self-acting spinning mule, which was, however, outclassed by the more successful one invented by Richard Roberts. Ewart gave much help and advice to others. The development of the machine tools at Boulton \& Watt's Soho Foundry has been mentioned already. He also helped James Watt with his machine for copying sculptures. While he continued to run his own textile mill, Ewart was also in partnership with Charles Macintosh, the pioneer of rubber-coated cloth. He was involved with William Fairbairn concerning steam engines for the boats that Fairbairn was building in Manchester, and it was through Ewart that Eaton Hodgkinson was introduced to Fairbairn and so made the tests and calculations for the tubes for the Britannia Railway Bridge across the Menai Straits. Ewart was involved with the launching of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway as he was a director of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce at the time.
    In 1835 he uprooted himself from Manchester and became the first Chief Engineer for the Royal Navy, assuming responsibility for the steamboats, which by 1837 numbered 227 in service. He set up repair facilities and planned workshops for overhauling engines at Woolwich Dockyard, the first establishment of its type. It was here that he was killed in an accident when a chain broke while he was supervising the lifting of a large boiler. Engineering was Ewart's life, and it is possible to give only a brief account of his varied interests and connections here.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1843, "Institution of Civil Engineers", Annual General Meeting, January. Obituary, 1843, Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society Memoirs (NS) 7. R.L.Hills, 1987–8, "Peter Ewart, 1767–1843", Manchester Literary and Philosophical
    Society Memoirs 127.
    M.B.Rose, 1986, The Gregs of Quarry Bank Mill The Rise and Decline of a Family Firm, 1750–1914, Cambridge (covers E wart's involvement with Samuel Greg).
    R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester; R.L.Hills, 1989, Power
    from Steam, Cambridge (both look at Ewart's involvement with textiles and steam engines).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Ewart, Peter

  • 71 Wozniak, Stephen G.

    [br]
    b. 1950 Sunnyvale, California, USA
    [br]
    American computer engineer who with Steven Jobs built the first home computer.
    [br]
    Bored by school at Sunnyvale, the young Wozniak became interested in computers and at the age of only 13 years he constructed a transistorized calculator that won a prize at the Bay Area Science Fair. After high school, he went to the University of Colorado, but he left the following year to study at the De Anza College in Cupertino, California, finally dropping out of formal education altogether and working as a programmer for a small computer company. In 1971 he made another attempt at studying for a degree in engineering, this time at the University of California at Berkeley, but he again dropped out and went to work for Hewlett-Packard, where he met 16-year-old Steve Jobs. Joining the Homebrew Computer Club, and with Jobs's help, he built a home computer based on the MOS Technology 8-bit, 6502 microprocessor chip. With 4 K of random access memory (RAM) and the first BASIC interpreter written by Wozniak himself, he demonstrated the computer to Hewlett-Packard management, but they showed little interest in taking it up. With Jobs he therefore founded Apple Company, and with assembly in Jobs's home they found an interested buyer in the shape of Paul Terrill, owner of the newly established Byte Shop chain store, who ordered 100 boards at US$500 each. As a result, with the support of a backer, Mike Markkula, Wozniak in 1976 designed a second computer, the Apple II, which had 16 K of RAM and was offered for sale (without a monitor) at $1195. This was an immediate success and sales rose from $775,000 in 1977 to $335 million in 1981 and $983 million in 1983. In the meantime, however, Wozniak was seriously injured in a plane crash in 1980. He recovered slowly from his injuries and in 1982 returned to college to complete his degree course, after which he spent much of his time with his family. Eventually he became increasingly unhappy with the chaotic management at Apple, and he left the company in 1985, subsequently forming his own computer company, Cloud 9.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    First National Technology Medal (with Jobs) 1985.
    Further Reading
    M.Moritz, 1984, The Little Kingdom. The Private Story of Apple Computers.
    J.S.Young, 1988, Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward: Scott Foreman \& Co.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Wozniak, Stephen G.

  • 72 Buridan's ass

       буpидaнoв ocёл (o чeлoвeкe, нe peшaющeмcя cдeлaть выбop) [этим. фр.; фpaнцузcкoму филocoфу XIV B. Буpидaну пpипиcывaeтcя paccкaз oб ocлe, умepшeм oт гoлoдa, тaк кaк oн нe peшaлcя cдeлaть выбop мeжду двумя oдинaкoвыми oxaпкaми ceнa]
        In his quieter moods he thought often of Katha and Margaret and the curious chain of circumstances which had brought him to this unsatisfactory dangling between two women, one now almost a dream, the other only too palpably near. He felt like Buridan's ass, which starved between the two bundles of hay (R. Aldington)

    Concise English-Russian phrasebook > Buridan's ass

  • 73 gear

    1. распределительный щит
    2. распределительное устройство
    3. оборудование
    4. инструменты
    5. входить в сцепление
    6. аппаратура

     

    аппаратура
    -
    [Интент]

    FR


    Тематики

    • аппарат, изделие, устройство...

    EN

     

    входить в сцепление
    приводить в движение механизм


    [ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

     

    оборудование
    Совокупность связанных между собой частей или устройств, из которых по крайней мере одно движется, а также элементы привода, управления и энергетические узлы, которые предназначены для определенного применения, в частности для обработки, производства, перемещения или упаковки материала. К термину «оборудование» относят также машину и совокупность машин, которые так устроены и управляемы, что они функционируют как единое целое для достижения одной и той же цели.
    [ГОСТ ЕН 1070-2003]

    оборудование
    -

    [IEV number 151-11-25 ]

    оборудование
    Оснащение, материалы, приспособления, устройства, механизмы, приборы, инструменты и другие принадлежности, используемые в качестве частей электрической установки или в соединении с ней.
    [ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60204-1-2007]

    EN

    equipment
    single apparatus or set of devices or apparatuses, or the set of main devices of an installation, or all devices necessary to perform a specific task
    NOTE – Examples of equipment are a power transformer, the equipment of a substation, measuring equipment.
    [IEV number 151-11-25 ]

    equipment
    material, fittings, devices, components, appliances, fixtures, apparatus, and the like used as part of, or in connection with, the electrical equipment of machines
    [IEC 60204-1-2006]

    FR

    équipement, m
    matériel, m
    appareil unique ou ensemble de dispositifs ou appareils, ou ensemble des dispositifs principaux d'une installation, ou ensemble des dispositifs nécessaires à l'accomplissement d'une tâche particulière
    NOTE – Des exemples d’équipement ou de matériel sont un transformateur de puissance, l’équipement d’une sous-station, un équipement de mesure.
    [IEV number 151-11-25]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

     

    распределительное устройство
    Распределительным устройством (РУ) называется электроустановка, служащая для приема и распределения электроэнергии и содержащая сборные и соединительные шины, коммутационные аппараты, вспомогательные устройства (компрессорные, аккумуляторные и др.), а также устройства защиты, автоматики и измерительные приборы.
    [РД 34.20.185-94]

    распределительное устройство

    Электроустановка, предназначенная для приема и распределения электрической энергии на одном напряжении и содержащая коммутационные аппараты и соединяющие их сборные шины [секции шин], устройства управления и защиты.
    Примечание. К устройствам управления относятся аппараты и связывающие их элементы обеспечивающие контроль, измерение, сигнализацию и выполнение команд.
    [ ГОСТ 24291-90]
    [ ГОСТ Р 53685-2009]

    электрическое распределительное устройство
    распределительное устройство
    Устройство, предназначенное для приема и распределения электроэнергии на одном напряжении и содержащее коммутационные аппараты и соединяющие их сборные соединительные устройства.
    Примечание. В состав распределительного устройства дополнительно могут входить устройства защиты и управления
    [ОСТ 45.55-99]

    распределительное устройство
    Электроустановка, служащая для приема и распределения электроэнергии и содержащая коммутационные аппараты, сборные и соединительные шины, вспомогательные устройства (компрессорные, аккумуляторные и др.), а также устройства защиты, автоматики и измерительные приборы.
    [ПОТ Р М-016-2001]
    [РД 153-34.0-03.150-00]

    устройство распределительное
    Совокупность аппаратов и приборов для приёма и распределения электроэнергии одного напряжения, вырабатываемой электростанцией или преобразуемой подстанцией
    [Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]

    EN

    switching substation
    a substation which includes switchgear and usually busbars, but no power transformers
    [IEV number 605-01-02]

    FR

    poste de sectionnement
    poste de coupure

    poste comprenant des organes de manoeuvre et généralement des jeux de barres, à l'exclusion de transformateurs de puissance
    [IEV number 605-01-02]

    В качестве РУ 6—10 кВ используется сборка высокого напряжения с однополюсными разъединителями и вертикальным расположением фаз одного присоединения и одна камера КСО с выключателем нагрузки и предохранителями для подключения трансформатора. Для РУ 0,4 кВ применяются сборки низкого напряжения с предохранителями и вертикальным расположением фаз одного присоединения.
    На ПС применяются открытые (ОРУ), закрытые (ЗРУ) или комплектные (КРУ) распределительные устройства.

    [ http://energy-ua.com/elektricheskie-p/klassifikatsiya.html]


    КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ

    В общем случае ПС и РУ являются составной частью электроустановок, которые различаются:

    • по назначению:
      • генерирующие,
      • преобразовательно-распределительные,
      • потребительские.

        Генерирующие электроустановки служат для выработки электроэнергии, преобразовательно-распределительные электроустановки преобразуют электроэнергию в удобный для передачи и потребления вид, передают ее и распределяют между потребителями;

     Шкала номинальных напряжений ограничена сравнительно небольшим числом стандартных значений, благодаря чему изготавливается небольшое число типоразмеров машин и оборудования, а электросети выполняются более экономичными. В установках трехфазного тока номинальным напряжением принято считать напряжение между фазами (междуфазовое напряжение). Согласно ГОСТ 29322—92 установлена следующая шкала номинальных напряжений:

    для электросетей переменного тока частотой 50 Гц междуфазовое напряжение должно быть: 12, 24, 36, 42, 127, 220, 380 В; 3, 6, 10, 20, 35, 110, 150, 220, 330, 500, 750 и 1150 кВ;
    для электросетей постоянного тока: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 110, 220, 440, 660, 825, 3000 В и выше.

    Тупиковые ПС получают питание по одной или двум тупиковым ВЛ.

    Ответвительные ПС присоединяются ответвлением к одной или двум проходящим ВЛ с односторонним или двухсторонним питанием.

    Проходные ПС включаются в рассечку одной или двух проходящих ВЛ с односторонним или двухсторонним питанием.

    Узловые ПС кроме питающих имеют отходящие радиальные или транзитные ВЛ.

    • по способу управления ПС могут быть:
      • только с телесигнализацией,
      • телеуправляемыми с телесигнализацией,
      • с телесигнализацией и управлением с общеподстанционного пункта управления (ОПУ).


    Подстанции оперативно обслуживаются постоянным дежурным персоналом на щите управления, дежурными на дому или оперативно-выездными бригадами (ОВБ). Ремонт ПС осуществляется специализированными выездными бригадами централизованного ремонта или местным персоналом подстанции.

    В РУ напряжением до 1000 В провода, шины, аппараты, приборы и конструкции выбирают как по нормальным условиям работы (напряжению и току), так и по термическим и динамическим воздействиям токов коротких замыканий (КЗ) или предельно допустимой отключаемой мощности.

    В РУ и ПС напряжением выше 1000 В расстояния между электрооборудованием, аппаратами, токоведущими частями, изоляторами, ограждениями и конструкциями устанавливаются так, чтобы при нормальном режиме работы электроустановки возникающие физические явления (температура нагрева, электрическая дуга, выброс газов, искрение и др.) не могли привести к повреждению оборудования и КЗ.

    [ http://energy-ua.com/elektricheskie-p/klassifikatsiya.html]
     



    Several different classifications of switchgear can be made:

    A single line-up may incorporate several different types of devices, for example, air-insulated bus, vacuum circuit breakers, and manually operated switches may all exist in the same row of cubicles.

    Ratings, design, specifications and details of switchgear are set by a multitude of standards. In North America mostly IEEE and ANSI standards are used, much of the rest of the world uses IEC standards, sometimes with local national derivatives or variations.

    [Robert W. Smeaton (ed) Switchgear and Control Handbook 3rd Ed., Mc Graw Hill, new York 1997]
    [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_voltage_switchgear]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    DE

    FR

     

    распределительный щит
    Комплектное устройство, содержащее различную коммутационную аппаратуру, соединенное с одной или более отходящими электрическими цепями, питающееся от одной или более входящих цепей, вместе с зажимами для присоединения нейтральных и защитных проводников.
    [ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

    щит распределительный
    Электротехническое устройство, объединяющее коммутационную, регулирующую и защитную аппаратуру, а также контрольно-измерительные и сигнальные приборы
    [Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]

    распределительный щит

    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    EN

    distribution board
    assembly containing different types of switchgear and controlgear associated with one or more outgoing electric circuits fed from one or more incoming electric circuits, together with terminals for the neutral and protective conductors.
    [IEV number 826-16-08]

    FR

    tableau de répartition, m
    ensemble comportant différents types d'appareillage associés à un ou plusieurs circuits électriques de départ alimentés par un ou plusieurs circuits électriques d'arrivée, ainsi que des bornes pour les conducteurs neutre et de protection.
    [IEV number 826-16-08]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    Distribution switchboards, including the Main LV Switchboard (MLVS), are critical to the dependability of an electrical installation. They must comply with well-defined standards governing the design and construction of LV switchgear assemblies

    A distribution switchboard is the point at which an incoming-power supply divides into separate circuits, each of which is controlled and protected by the fuses or switchgear of the switchboard. A distribution switchboard is divided into a number of functional units, each comprising all the electrical and mechanical elements that contribute to the fulfilment of a given function. It represents a key link in the dependability chain.

    Consequently, the type of distribution switchboard must be perfectly adapted to its application. Its design and construction must comply with applicable standards and working practises.

    [Schneider Electric]

    Распределительные щиты, включая главный распределительный щит низкого напряжения (ГРЩ), играют решающую роль в обеспечении надежности электроустановки. Они должны отвечать требованиям соответствующих стандартов, определяющих конструкцию и порядок изготовления НКУ распределения электроэнергии.

    В распределительном щите выполняется прием электроэнергии и ее распределение по отдельным цепям, каждая из которых контролируется и защищается плавкими предохранителями или автоматическими выключателями.
    Распределительный щит состоит из функциональных блоков, включающих в себя все электрические и механические элементы, необходимые для выполнения требуемой функции. Распределительный щит представляет собой ключевое звено в цепи обеспечения надежности.

    Тип распределительного щита должен соответствовать области применения. Конструкция и изготовление распределительного щита должны удовлетворять требованиям применимых стандартов и учитывать накопленную практику применения.

    [Перевод Интент]

     

    5654

    Рис. Schneider Electric

    With Prisma Plus G you can be sure to build 100% Schneider Electric switchboards that are safe, optimised:

    > All components (switchgear, distribution blocks, prefabricated connections, etc.) are perfectly rated and coordinated to work together;

    > All switchboard configurations, even the most demanding ones, have been tested.

    You can prove that your switchboard meets the current standards, at any time.

    You can be sure to build a reliable electrical installation and give your customers full satisfaction in terms of dependability and safety for people and the installation.

    Prisma Plus G with its discreet design, blends harmoniously into all tertiary and industrial buildings, including in entrance halls and passageways.

    With Prisma Plus G you can build just the right switchboard for your customer, sized precisely to fit costs and needs.

    With this complete, prefabricated and tested system, it's easy to upgrade your installation and still maintain the performance levels.

    > The wall-mounted and floor-standing enclosures combine easily with switchboards already in service.

    > Devices can be replaced or added at any time.

    [Schneider Electric]

    С помощью оболочек Prisma Plus G можно создавать безопасные распределительные щиты, на 100 % состоящие из изделий Schneider Electric:

    > все изделия (коммутационная аппаратура, распределительные блоки, готовые заводские соединения и т. д.) полностью совместимы механически и электрически;

    > все варианты компоновки распределительных щитов, в том числе для наиболее ответственных применений, прошли испытания.

    В любое время вы можете доказать, что ваши распределительные щиты полностью соответствуют требованиям действующих стандартов.

    Вы можете быть полностью уверены в том, что создаете надежные электроустановки, удовлетворяющие всем требованиям безопасности для людей и оборудования

    Благодаря строгому дизайну, распределительные щиты Prisma Plus G гармонично сочетаются с интерьером любого общественного или промышленного здания. Они хорошо смотрятся и в вестибюле, и в коридоре.

    Применяя оболочки Prisma Plus G можно создавать распределительные щиты, точно соответствующие требованиям заказчика как с точки зрения технических характеристик, так и стоимости.

    С помощью данной испытанной системы, содержащей все необходимые компоненты заводского изготовления можно легко модернизировать существующую электроустановку и поддерживать её уровни производительности.

    > Навесные и напольные оболочки можно легко присоединить к уже эксплуатируемым распределительным щитам.

    > Аппаратуру можно заменять или добавлять в любое время.

    [Перевод Интент]

     

    The switchboard, central to the electrical installation.

    Both the point of arrival of energy and a device for distribution to the site applications, the LV switchboard is the intelligence of the system, central to the electrical installation.

    [Schneider Electric]

    Распределительный щит – «сердце» электроустановки.

    Низковольтное комплектное устройство распределения является «сердцем» электроустановки, поскольку именно оно принимает электроэнергию из сети и распределяет её по территориально распределенным нагрузкам.

    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    EN

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    FR

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > gear

  • 74 refuse-sludge compost

    1. компост из сточного ила и отходов

     

    компост из сточного ила и отходов

    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    refuse-sludge compost
    Compost derived by the biodegradation of the organic constituents of solid wastes and wastewater sludges. The major public health issues associated with composting using solid wastes mixed with sewage sludge are pathogens, heavy metal, and odors. The heat generated during composting, as a result of the activities of thermophilic organisms, is capable of killing bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths present in sewage sludge. The metallic elements in sludge of greatest concern to human health are cadmium, lead, arsenic, selenium, and mercury. Only cadmium is normally found in sewage sludge at levels which, when applied to soils, can be absorbed by plants, and accumulate in edible parts, thereby entering the food chain. (Source: CORBIT)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > refuse-sludge compost

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