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on+his+own+field

  • 41 שָׁטַף

    שָׁטַף(b. h.; cmp. טוּף, טָפַף II) 1) to wash, rinse. Zeb.XI, 6 (94b) ושוֹטְפוֹ, v. מָרַק; Tosef. ib. X, 13 ושוֹטְפָן. Tosef.Ḥull.X, 4 השוֹטֵף רחיליו חייבוכ׳ if one washes his lambs (in place of clipping), he is bound to give the priests share of the wool (that they shed); Ḥull.137a; a. fr.Part. pass. שָׁטוּף. Sabb.99a (ref. to Ex. 35:26) ש׳ בעזים וטווו בעוים Ms. M. (ed. מן העזים) the hair was washed on the goats and spun on the goats; ib. 74b; Yalk. Ex. 370. 2) to flood, carry off, drown. B. Mets.VIII, 5 ש׳ נהר זיתיווכ׳ if a stream carried off ones olive-trees and deposited them in a neighbors field. B. Kam. X, 4 (115b) ש׳ נהר חמזדווכ׳ (Bab. ed. נחל) if a stream (ravine) carried off his own and his neighbors ass … and he let go his own and saved his neighbors. Ib. 5 (117b) שְׁטָפָהּ נהר if the river washed it (the unlawfully taken field) away. Yoma 78a נחל שוֹטֵף a swiftly running brook. Y.Shek.I, 46a ירד שֶׁטֶף … ושְׁטָפוֹ a rain shower came down and washed it (the mark on the grave) off. Y.B. Mets.VIII, end, 11d בששְׁטָפָן (not בששטן), v. גּוּש. Ex. R. s. 24 נתמלא … ובקש לשוֹטְפָן the genius of the sea became wroth against them, and wanted to drown them. Num. R. s. 199> ויצאו מים רבים ושָׁטְפוּ כלוכ׳ many waters came forth, and flooded all those who murmured; Midr. Till. to Ps. 78:20 (corr. acc.); a. fr.V. שָׁטוּף. Hif. הִשְׁטִיף same. Taan.6a ומַשְׁטִיף את הזרעים (Ms. M. ששוֹטַף, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) it (the heavy rain) washes the seeds away; Yalk. Joel 535 ומְשַׁטֵּף (Pi.).Part. pass. מוּשְׁטָף; pl. מוּשְׁטָפִים carried off, floating. Ex. R. l. c. לפי שראו … מ׳ על פני המים because they saw the bodies … floating on the water. Nif. נִשְׁטַף, Hithpa. הִשְׁתַּטֵּף, Nithpa. נִשְׁתַּטֵּף 1) to be washed, showered upon; to take a shower bath. Sabb.40a ויוצא ומִשְׁתַּטַּףוכ׳ and goes out (of the steam-room), and takes a shower bath in the outer room. Ib. b ובלבד שלא יִשְׁתַּטֵּףוכ׳ but he must not have a cold shower bath and then warm himself Tosef. ib. III (IV), 4; a. fr. 2) to be swept away, drowned. Sifré Deut. 307 מה ראו … שנִשְׁטְפוּ במים why were the men of the flood drowned in water?; Yalk. ib. 942 שיִשָּׁטְפוּ; Sifré l. c. מה … להִשְׁתַּטֵּף באשוכ׳ why were the men of Sodom … swept away by fire and sulphur?; Yalk. l. c. להִשָּׁטֵף; a. e.Trnsf. to be carried away by passion. Num. R. s. 917>; Sifré Num. 12 הרבה קידמוך ונִשְׁטְפוּ many women before thee have been carried away (into infidelity).

    Jewish literature > שָׁטַף

  • 42 camino

    m.
    1 path, track (sendero).
    camino de Santiago Milky Way; (astronomy) = pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela (religion)
    camino trillado well-trodden path
    2 way.
    el camino de la estación the way to the station
    camino de on the way to
    está camino de la capital it's on the way to the capital
    a estas horas ya estarán en camino they'll be on their way by now
    me pilla de camino it's on my way
    en el o de camino on the way
    por este camino this way
    3 journey (viaje).
    nos espera un largo camino we have a long journey ahead of us
    ponerse en camino to set off
    4 road, footpath, pathway, track.
    5 cart track, cart road.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: caminar.
    * * *
    1 (vía) path, track
    2 (ruta) way, route
    3 (viaje) journey
    \
    a medio camino half-way
    abrir camino to clear the way (a, for)
    abrir el camino to clear the way (a, for)
    abrirse camino to make one's way
    abrirse camino en la vida to get on in life
    coger de camino / pillar de camino to be on the way
    estar en camino to be on the way
    ir camino de to be on one's way to
    ir por (el) buen/mal camino figurado to be on the right/wrong track
    llevar buen camino to be on the right track
    llevar camino de to be on the way to, be heading for, look set to
    ponerse en camino to set off (on a journey)
    camino de herradura bridle path
    camino forestal forest track
    el camino del éxito figurado the road to success
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) road, path, track
    2) way
    * * *
    SM
    1) [sin asfaltar] track; (=sendero) path; (=carretera) road

    Caminos, Canales y Puertos — (Univ) Civil Engineering

    camino de ingresos, camino de peaje — toll road

    camino de rosas, la vida no es ningún camino de rosas — life's no bed of roses

    camino forestal — forest track; [para paseos] forest trail

    = Camino de Santiago

    camino trillado, caminos turísticos no trillados — tourist routes that are off the beaten track

    experimentan con nuevas técnicas, huyen de los caminos trillados — they are experimenting with new techniques and avoiding conventional approaches o the well-trodden paths

    este escritor ha recorrido los caminos trillados de sus antecesores — this writer has been down the well-trodden paths followed by his predecessors

    2) (=ruta)
    a) (lit) way, route; (=viaje) journey

    ¿sabes el camino a su casa? — do you know the way to his house?

    ¿cuánto camino hay de aquí a San José? — how far is it from here to San José?

    • abrirse camino entre la multitud — to make one's way through the crowd

    • de camino a, lo puedo recoger de camino al trabajo — I can collect it on my way to work

    • echar camino adelante — to strike out

    • en el camino — on the way, en route

    tienen dos niños, y otro en camino — they have two children, and another on the way

    • a medio camino — halfway (there)

    a medio camino paramos para comer — halfway there, we stopped to eat

    • se quedaron a mitad de camino — they only got halfway (there)

    b) (fig) (=medio) path, course

    • el camino a seguir, yo te explico el camino a seguir — I'll tell you the way o route

    allanar el camino —

    ir camino de —

    traer a algn por buen camino — (=orientar) to put sb on the right track o road; (=desengañar) to set sb straight

    quedarse en el camino —

    un 70% sacó el diploma y el resto se quedó en el camino — 70 per cent of them got the diploma, the rest didn't make it

    no me fijo en mis rivales, yo sigo por mi camino — I don't take any notice of what my rivals are doing, I just do my own thing

    3) (Inform) path
    4) And, Cono Sur (=alfombra, tapete) runner, strip of carpet o matting
    CAMINO DE SANTIAGO The Camino de Santiago is a medieval pilgrim route stretching from the Pyrenees to Santiago de Compostela in northwest Spain, where tradition has it that the body of Saint James the Apostle (Spain's patron saint) is buried. Those who had made the long, dangerous journey returned proudly wearing on their hat or cloak the venera or concha (scallop shell) traditionally associated with this pilgrimage - Saint James' body had reportedly been found covered in scallops. Today this symbolic shell can still be seen all along the Camino de Santiago, carved on ancient buildings and painted on modern-day road signs marking the historic route for the benefit of tourists and pilgrims. In astronomy the Camino de Santiago is another name for the Vía Láctea (Milky Way), hence the title of Buñuel's famous satirical film about the route to Compostela.
    * * *
    1) ( de tierra) track; ( sendero) path; ( en general) road

    abrir nuevos caminos — to break new o fresh ground

    allanar or preparar or abrir el camino — to pave the way, prepare the ground

    el camino trillado — the well-worn o well-trodden path

    la vida no es un camino de rosas — life is no bed of roses

    tener el camino trillado: tenía el camino trillado he'd had the ground prepared for him; todos los caminos llevan or conducen a Roma — all roads lead to Rome

    2)
    a) (ruta, dirección) way

    me salieron al camino — asaltantes they blocked my path o way; amigos/niños they came out to meet me

    el camino a la fama — the road o path to fame

    se me fue por mal camino or por el otro camino — it went down the wrong way

    abrir camino a algo — to clear the way for something

    abrirse camino — to make one's way

    buen/mal camino: este niño va por mal camino or lleva mal camino this boy's heading for trouble; ibas por or llevabas buen camino pero te equivocaste you were on the right track but you made a mistake; las negociaciones van por or llevan muy buen camino the negotiations are going extremely well; llevar a alguien por mal camino to lead somebody astray; cruzarse en el camino de alguien: superó todos los obstáculos que se le cruzaron en el camino he overcame all the problems that arose; errar el camino to be in the wrong job o the wrong line of work; tirar por el camino de en medio — to take the middle path

    b) (trayecto, viaje)

    llevamos 300 kms/una hora de camino — we've done 300 kms/been traveling for an hour

    todavía estamos a o nos quedan dos horas de camino — we still have two hours to go

    paramos a mitad de camino or a medio camino — we stopped halfway

    cortar o acortar camino — to take a shortcut

    a mitad de or a medio camino — halfway through

    camino de/a: me encontré con él camino del or al mercado I ran into him on the o on my way to the market; ya vamos camino del invierno winter's on the way o on its way; llevar or ir camino de algo: una tradición que va camino de desaparecer a tradition which looks set to disappear; de camino on the way to; pilla de camino it's on the way; me queda de camino I pass it on my way; de camino a on the way; está de camino a la estación it is on the way to the station; en el camino or de camino al trabajo on my/his/her way o the way to work; en camino on the way; tiene un niño y otro en camino she has one child and another on the way; deben estar ya en camino they must be on their way already; por el camino — on the way

    •
    * * *
    = avenue, path, road, route, footpath, lane, pathway, way.
    Ex. In the attempt to match the above criteria, there are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.
    Ex. It can be in only one place, unless duplicates are used; one has to have rules as to which path will locate it, and the rules are cumbersome.
    Ex. Use of Woolston Library has declined slightly: the area is isolated by the River Itchen, a busy main road, and a natural escarpment.
    Ex. Each packet includes the address of the final destination, and the packets travel separately, perhaps taking different routes through the network.
    Ex. Equivalence relationships normally imply the selection of one form as the preferred term, as we have seen, so we make a cross-reference pointing from the non-preferred term to the preferred term: footpaths See Trails; Bovines USE Cattle.
    Ex. The title of the article is 'Changing lanes on the information superhighway: academic libraries and the Internet'.
    Ex. This system automates the scientific task of determining the pathway of steps underlying a chemical reaction.
    Ex. He has chosen self-denial and altruism as the way to follow.
    ----
    * abrir camino a = make + way (for).
    * abrir nuevos caminos = break + new ground, push + Nombre + into new latitudes, break + ground, blaze + trail.
    * abrirse camino = plough through, elbow + Posesivo + way into, elbow into, foist + Posesivo + way into, make + Posesivo + way in the world.
    * abrirse camino (a empujones) = push + Posesivo + way across/into.
    * abrirse camino en el mundo = make + Posesivo + way in the world.
    * abrirse camino en la vida = get on in + life.
    * abrir un camino = chart + direction.
    * al borde del camino = at the roadside.
    * alto en el camino = stopover.
    * a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....
    * andar camino trillado = tread + well-worn ground.
    * apartarse del buen camino = go off + the rails, stray from + the straight and narrow.
    * apartarse del camino de la verdad = stray from + the straight and narrow.
    * apartarse de los caminos principales = go + off-road.
    * borde del camino = roadside, wayside.
    * buen camino, el = straight and narrow (path), the.
    * buscar el camino = wind + Posesivo + way.
    * cambiar de opinión a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.
    * cambiar de parecer a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.
    * cambiar de política a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.
    * camino apartado = byway.
    * camino a seguir, el = way forward, the.
    * camino correcto, el = way forward, the.
    * camino de acceso = approach path.
    * camino definido = charted route.
    * camino de herradura = bridle path, bridleway.
    * camino de la verdad, el = straight and narrow (path), the.
    * camino de tierra = dirt track, dirt road.
    * camino elevado = causeway.
    * camino hacia el estrellato = road to stardom.
    * camino hacia la fama = road to stardom.
    * camino largo y difícil = long haul.
    * camino largo y tortuoso = long and winding road.
    * camino lleno de baches = bumpy road.
    * camino más fácil, el = path of least resistance, the.
    * camino muy largo = circuitous route.
    * camino pecuario = cattle lane.
    * camino por recorrer, el = road ahead, the.
    * camino rural = country lane, country road.
    * camino seguro al desastre = blueprint for disaster.
    * camino seguro al éxito = blueprint for success.
    * camino seguro al fracaso = blueprint for failure.
    * camino sin rumbo = the road to nowhere.
    * camino trillado = worn path, beaten road.
    * camino vecinal = country road, minor road, back road.
    * construcción de caminos = road construction.
    * continuar + Posesivo camino = continue on + Posesivo + way.
    * cruce de caminos = crossroads, fork in the road.
    * cruzar en el camino de Alguien = cross + Posesivo + path.
    * cruzársele a Uno en el camino = come + Posesivo + way.
    * de camino = on the way, while we're at it.
    * de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.
    * descanso en el camino = rest stop.
    * desviarse del buen camino = go off + the rails.
    * detener en el camino = waylay.
    * detenerse en el camino = stop along + the way.
    * detenerse en el lado del camino = pull over.
    * el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.
    * el camino correcto = the way ahead, the way to go.
    * el camino hacia + Nombre + está lleno de + Nombre = the road (to/towards) + Nombre + is paved with + Nombre.
    * el camino hacia + Nombre + está plagado de + Nombre = the road (to/towards) + Nombre + is paved with + Nombre.
    * el camino por recorrer = the way ahead.
    * el camino que lleva a = a/the doorway to.
    * el camino recorrido = the road travelled so far.
    * el camino se hace andando = actions speak louder than words.
    * elegir el camino más fácil = take + the path of least resistance.
    * en camino = on the way.
    * encontrar el camino = wayfinding.
    * encontrar el camino de vuelta = find + Posesivo + way back.
    * en el camino = along the way, en route, in the process.
    * estar a medio camino entre... y... = lie + midway between... and....
    * estar de camino a = be on the road to.
    * estar en camino de = be on the way to.
    * fuera de los caminos trillados = off the beaten track.
    * hacerse camino = foist + Posesivo + way into.
    * hacer una parada en el camino = stop along + the way.
    * hallar el camino de la verdad = think + Posesivo + way to the truth.
    * indicar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.
    * indicar el camino a seguir para = point + the way to.
    * indicar el camino correcto = point + Nombre + in the right direction.
    * ingeniería de caminos = civil engineering.
    * ingeniero de caminos = civil engineer.
    * ir por buen camino = be on the right track.
    * ir por el buen camino = be right on track.
    * ir por mal camino = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.
    * junto al camino = by the roadside.
    * lado del camino = wayside.
    * ¡la vida no es un camino de rosas! = the course of true love never did run smooth!.
    * llevar camino de enfrentamiento con = be on a collision course with.
    * llevar por el camino de = lead + Pronombre + down the road to.
    * llevar por el mal camino = lead + astray.
    * llevar por mal camino = mislead.
    * mantener Algo en el buen camino = keep + Nombre + on track.
    * marcar el camino correcto = point + Nombre + in the right direction.
    * mostrar el camino = blaze + the way, light + the way.
    * mostrar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.
    * mostrar el camino para = point + the way to, show + the way to.
    * no apartarse del buen camino = keep on + the right track.
    * parada en el camino = rest stop, stop along the way.
    * parapeto del camino = road bank.
    * pararse en el lado del camino = pull over.
    * perderse por los caminos secundarios = go + off-road.
    * por buen camino = a step in the right direction.
    * por caminos apartados = off-road.
    * por mal camino = astray.
    * preparar el camino = set + the scene, smooth + the way, open + the way, set + the stage, pave + the path (for/towards/to), pave + the way (for/towards/to), pave + the road (for/towards/to).
    * preparar el camino para = smooth + the path of.
    * quedarse en el camino = fall by + the wayside.
    * retomar el camino = get back on + Posesivo + path.
    * retomar su camino = get back on + track.
    * seguir el buen camino = keep on + the right track, keep on + the straight and narrow.
    * seguir el camino de la verdad = keep on + the straight and narrow.
    * seguir el camino más ético = take + the high ground, take + the high road.
    * seguir este camino = go along + this road.
    * seguir por el buen camino = keep out of + trouble, keep on + the right track.
    * seguir un camino = take + path, take + direction, tread + path, walk + path.
    * seguir un camino diferente = strike out on + a different path.
    * tener mucho camino que recorrer = have + a long way to go.
    * un alto en el camino = a stop on the road, a pit stop on the road.
    * un camino largo y difícil = a long haul.
    * volver a su camino = get back on + track, get back on + Posesivo + path.
    * * *
    1) ( de tierra) track; ( sendero) path; ( en general) road

    abrir nuevos caminos — to break new o fresh ground

    allanar or preparar or abrir el camino — to pave the way, prepare the ground

    el camino trillado — the well-worn o well-trodden path

    la vida no es un camino de rosas — life is no bed of roses

    tener el camino trillado: tenía el camino trillado he'd had the ground prepared for him; todos los caminos llevan or conducen a Roma — all roads lead to Rome

    2)
    a) (ruta, dirección) way

    me salieron al camino — asaltantes they blocked my path o way; amigos/niños they came out to meet me

    el camino a la fama — the road o path to fame

    se me fue por mal camino or por el otro camino — it went down the wrong way

    abrir camino a algo — to clear the way for something

    abrirse camino — to make one's way

    buen/mal camino: este niño va por mal camino or lleva mal camino this boy's heading for trouble; ibas por or llevabas buen camino pero te equivocaste you were on the right track but you made a mistake; las negociaciones van por or llevan muy buen camino the negotiations are going extremely well; llevar a alguien por mal camino to lead somebody astray; cruzarse en el camino de alguien: superó todos los obstáculos que se le cruzaron en el camino he overcame all the problems that arose; errar el camino to be in the wrong job o the wrong line of work; tirar por el camino de en medio — to take the middle path

    b) (trayecto, viaje)

    llevamos 300 kms/una hora de camino — we've done 300 kms/been traveling for an hour

    todavía estamos a o nos quedan dos horas de camino — we still have two hours to go

    paramos a mitad de camino or a medio camino — we stopped halfway

    cortar o acortar camino — to take a shortcut

    a mitad de or a medio camino — halfway through

    camino de/a: me encontré con él camino del or al mercado I ran into him on the o on my way to the market; ya vamos camino del invierno winter's on the way o on its way; llevar or ir camino de algo: una tradición que va camino de desaparecer a tradition which looks set to disappear; de camino on the way to; pilla de camino it's on the way; me queda de camino I pass it on my way; de camino a on the way; está de camino a la estación it is on the way to the station; en el camino or de camino al trabajo on my/his/her way o the way to work; en camino on the way; tiene un niño y otro en camino she has one child and another on the way; deben estar ya en camino they must be on their way already; por el camino — on the way

    •
    * * *
    = avenue, path, road, route, footpath, lane, pathway, way.

    Ex: In the attempt to match the above criteria, there are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.

    Ex: It can be in only one place, unless duplicates are used; one has to have rules as to which path will locate it, and the rules are cumbersome.
    Ex: Use of Woolston Library has declined slightly: the area is isolated by the River Itchen, a busy main road, and a natural escarpment.
    Ex: Each packet includes the address of the final destination, and the packets travel separately, perhaps taking different routes through the network.
    Ex: Equivalence relationships normally imply the selection of one form as the preferred term, as we have seen, so we make a cross-reference pointing from the non-preferred term to the preferred term: footpaths See Trails; Bovines USE Cattle.
    Ex: The title of the article is 'Changing lanes on the information superhighway: academic libraries and the Internet'.
    Ex: This system automates the scientific task of determining the pathway of steps underlying a chemical reaction.
    Ex: He has chosen self-denial and altruism as the way to follow.
    * abrir camino a = make + way (for).
    * abrir nuevos caminos = break + new ground, push + Nombre + into new latitudes, break + ground, blaze + trail.
    * abrirse camino = plough through, elbow + Posesivo + way into, elbow into, foist + Posesivo + way into, make + Posesivo + way in the world.
    * abrirse camino (a empujones) = push + Posesivo + way across/into.
    * abrirse camino en el mundo = make + Posesivo + way in the world.
    * abrirse camino en la vida = get on in + life.
    * abrir un camino = chart + direction.
    * al borde del camino = at the roadside.
    * alto en el camino = stopover.
    * a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....
    * andar camino trillado = tread + well-worn ground.
    * apartarse del buen camino = go off + the rails, stray from + the straight and narrow.
    * apartarse del camino de la verdad = stray from + the straight and narrow.
    * apartarse de los caminos principales = go + off-road.
    * borde del camino = roadside, wayside.
    * buen camino, el = straight and narrow (path), the.
    * buscar el camino = wind + Posesivo + way.
    * cambiar de opinión a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.
    * cambiar de parecer a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.
    * cambiar de política a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.
    * camino apartado = byway.
    * camino a seguir, el = way forward, the.
    * camino correcto, el = way forward, the.
    * camino de acceso = approach path.
    * camino definido = charted route.
    * camino de herradura = bridle path, bridleway.
    * camino de la verdad, el = straight and narrow (path), the.
    * camino de tierra = dirt track, dirt road.
    * camino elevado = causeway.
    * camino hacia el estrellato = road to stardom.
    * camino hacia la fama = road to stardom.
    * camino largo y difícil = long haul.
    * camino largo y tortuoso = long and winding road.
    * camino lleno de baches = bumpy road.
    * camino más fácil, el = path of least resistance, the.
    * camino muy largo = circuitous route.
    * camino pecuario = cattle lane.
    * camino por recorrer, el = road ahead, the.
    * camino rural = country lane, country road.
    * camino seguro al desastre = blueprint for disaster.
    * camino seguro al éxito = blueprint for success.
    * camino seguro al fracaso = blueprint for failure.
    * camino sin rumbo = the road to nowhere.
    * camino trillado = worn path, beaten road.
    * camino vecinal = country road, minor road, back road.
    * construcción de caminos = road construction.
    * continuar + Posesivo camino = continue on + Posesivo + way.
    * cruce de caminos = crossroads, fork in the road.
    * cruzar en el camino de Alguien = cross + Posesivo + path.
    * cruzársele a Uno en el camino = come + Posesivo + way.
    * de camino = on the way, while we're at it.
    * de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.
    * descanso en el camino = rest stop.
    * desviarse del buen camino = go off + the rails.
    * detener en el camino = waylay.
    * detenerse en el camino = stop along + the way.
    * detenerse en el lado del camino = pull over.
    * el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.
    * el camino correcto = the way ahead, the way to go.
    * el camino hacia + Nombre + está lleno de + Nombre = the road (to/towards) + Nombre + is paved with + Nombre.
    * el camino hacia + Nombre + está plagado de + Nombre = the road (to/towards) + Nombre + is paved with + Nombre.
    * el camino por recorrer = the way ahead.
    * el camino que lleva a = a/the doorway to.
    * el camino recorrido = the road travelled so far.
    * el camino se hace andando = actions speak louder than words.
    * elegir el camino más fácil = take + the path of least resistance.
    * en camino = on the way.
    * encontrar el camino = wayfinding.
    * encontrar el camino de vuelta = find + Posesivo + way back.
    * en el camino = along the way, en route, in the process.
    * estar a medio camino entre... y... = lie + midway between... and....
    * estar de camino a = be on the road to.
    * estar en camino de = be on the way to.
    * fuera de los caminos trillados = off the beaten track.
    * hacerse camino = foist + Posesivo + way into.
    * hacer una parada en el camino = stop along + the way.
    * hallar el camino de la verdad = think + Posesivo + way to the truth.
    * indicar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.
    * indicar el camino a seguir para = point + the way to.
    * indicar el camino correcto = point + Nombre + in the right direction.
    * ingeniería de caminos = civil engineering.
    * ingeniero de caminos = civil engineer.
    * ir por buen camino = be on the right track.
    * ir por el buen camino = be right on track.
    * ir por mal camino = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.
    * junto al camino = by the roadside.
    * lado del camino = wayside.
    * ¡la vida no es un camino de rosas! = the course of true love never did run smooth!.
    * llevar camino de enfrentamiento con = be on a collision course with.
    * llevar por el camino de = lead + Pronombre + down the road to.
    * llevar por el mal camino = lead + astray.
    * llevar por mal camino = mislead.
    * mantener Algo en el buen camino = keep + Nombre + on track.
    * marcar el camino correcto = point + Nombre + in the right direction.
    * mostrar el camino = blaze + the way, light + the way.
    * mostrar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.
    * mostrar el camino para = point + the way to, show + the way to.
    * no apartarse del buen camino = keep on + the right track.
    * parada en el camino = rest stop, stop along the way.
    * parapeto del camino = road bank.
    * pararse en el lado del camino = pull over.
    * perderse por los caminos secundarios = go + off-road.
    * por buen camino = a step in the right direction.
    * por caminos apartados = off-road.
    * por mal camino = astray.
    * preparar el camino = set + the scene, smooth + the way, open + the way, set + the stage, pave + the path (for/towards/to), pave + the way (for/towards/to), pave + the road (for/towards/to).
    * preparar el camino para = smooth + the path of.
    * quedarse en el camino = fall by + the wayside.
    * retomar el camino = get back on + Posesivo + path.
    * retomar su camino = get back on + track.
    * seguir el buen camino = keep on + the right track, keep on + the straight and narrow.
    * seguir el camino de la verdad = keep on + the straight and narrow.
    * seguir el camino más ético = take + the high ground, take + the high road.
    * seguir este camino = go along + this road.
    * seguir por el buen camino = keep out of + trouble, keep on + the right track.
    * seguir un camino = take + path, take + direction, tread + path, walk + path.
    * seguir un camino diferente = strike out on + a different path.
    * tener mucho camino que recorrer = have + a long way to go.
    * un alto en el camino = a stop on the road, a pit stop on the road.
    * un camino largo y difícil = a long haul.
    * volver a su camino = get back on + track, get back on + Posesivo + path.

    * * *
    camino Camino de Santiago (↑ camino a1)
    A (de tierra) track; (sendero) path; (en general) road
    sigan por ese camino continue along that path ( o road etc)
    han abierto/hecho un caminito a través del bosque they've opened up/made a path o little track through the wood
    están todos los caminos cortados all the roads are blocked
    abrir nuevos caminos to break new o fresh ground
    allanar or preparar or abrir el camino to pave the way, prepare the ground
    el camino trillado the well-worn o well-trodden path
    la vida no es un camino de rosas life is no bed of roses, life isn't a bowl of cherries
    tener el camino trillado: tenía el camino trillado he'd had the ground prepared for him
    todos los caminos llevan or conducen a Roma: por todos los caminos se va a Roma all roads lead to Rome
    el camino del infierno está empedrado de buenas intenciones the road to hell is paved o strewn with good intentions
    Compuestos:
    bridle path
    towpath
    ( Hist) highway
    ● Caminos, Canales y Puertos
    civil engineering ingeniero
    B
    1 (ruta, dirección) way
    tomamos el camino más corto we took the shortest route o way
    ¿sabes el camino para ir allí? do you know how to get there?, do you know the way there?
    me salieron al camino «asaltantes» they blocked my path o way;
    «amigos/niños» they came out to meet me
    afrontaron todas las dificultades que se les presentaron en el camino they faced up to all the difficulties in their path
    éste es el mejor camino a seguir en estas circunstancias this is the best course to follow in these circumstances
    por ese camino no vas a ninguna parte you won't get anywhere that way o like that
    al terminar la carrera cada cual se fue por su camino after completing their studies they all went their separate ways
    sigue caminos muy diferentes de los trazados por sus predecesores he is taking very different paths from those of his predecessors
    se me fue por mal caminoor por el otro camino it went down the wrong way
    abrir(le) camino (a algo/algn) to clear the way (for sth/sb)
    los vehículos que abrían camino a los corredores the vehicles that were clearing the way for the runners
    abrirse camino to make one's way
    se abrió camino entre la espesura/a través de la multitud she made her way through the dense thickets/through the crowds of people
    no es fácil abrirse camino en esa profesión it's not easy to carve a niche for oneself in that profession
    estas técnicas se están abriendo camino entre nuestros médicos these techniques are gaining ground o are beginning to gain acceptance with our doctors
    tuvo que luchar mucho para abrirse camino en la vida he had to fight hard to get on in life
    buen/mal camino: este niño va por mal caminoor lleva mal camino this boy's heading for trouble
    ya tiene trabajo, va por buen camino he's found a job already, he's doing well
    ibas por or llevabas buen camino pero te equivocaste aquí you were on the right track o lines, but you made a mistake here
    las negociaciones van por or llevan muy buen camino the negotiations are going extremely well o very smoothly
    llevar a algn por mal camino to lead sb astray
    cruzarse en el camino de algn: la mala suerte se cruzó en su camino he ran up against o came up against some bad luck
    supo superar todos los obstáculos que se le cruzaron en el camino he was able to overcome all the problems which arose o which he came across
    errar el camino to be in the wrong job o the wrong line of work
    2
    (trayecto, viaje): emprendimos el camino de regreso we set out on the return journey
    se me hizo muy largo el camino the journey seemed to take forever
    lo debí perder en el camino de casa al trabajo I must have lost it on my o on the way to work
    se pusieron en camino al amanecer they set off at dawn
    llevamos ya una hora de camino we've been traveling for an hour now, we've been on the road for an hour now
    estamos todavía a dos horas de camino we still have two hours to go o two hours ahead of us
    paramos a mitad de caminoor a medio camino a descansar we stopped halfway to rest
    por aquí cortamos or acortamos camino we can take a shortcut this way o this way's shorter
    hizo todo el camino a pie he walked the whole way, he did the whole journey on foot
    se ha avanzado mucho en este campo, pero queda aún mucho camino por recorrer great advances have been made in this field, but there's still a long way to go
    el camino será largo y difícil, pero venceremos the road will be long and difficult, but we shall be victorious
    quedarse a mitad de or a medio camino: iba para médico, pero se quedó a mitad de camino he was studying to be a doctor, but he never completed the course o he gave up halfway through the course
    el programa de remodelación se quedó a medio camino the renovation project was left unfinished
    no creo que terminemos este año, ni siquiera estamos a mitad de camino I don't think we'll finish it this year, we're not even half way through yet
    3 ( en locs):
    camino de/a: me encontré con él camino del or al mercado I ran into him on the o on my way to the market
    ya vamos camino del invierno winter's coming o approaching, winter's on the way o on its way
    llevar or ir camino de algo: un actor que va camino del estrellato an actor on his way o on the road to stardom, an actor heading for stardom, an actor who looks set for stardom
    van camino de la bancarrota they are on the road to o heading for bankruptcy, they look set to go bankrupt
    una tradición que va camino de desaparecer a tradition which looks set to disappear
    de camino: tu casa me queda de camino I pass your house on my way, your house is on my way
    ve por el pan y, de camino, compra el periódico go and get the bread and buy a newspaper on the way o your way
    de camino a: íbamos de camino a Zacatecas we were on our way o the way to Zacatecas
    está de camino a la estación it is on the way to the station
    en el caminoor de camino al trabajo paso por tres bancos I pass three banks on my way o the way to work
    en camino: deben estar ya en camino they must be on the o on their way already
    tiene un niño y otro en camino she has one child and another on the way
    por el camino on the way
    te lo cuento por el camino I'll tell you on the way
    Compuestos:
    Inca trail
    el Camino de Santiago ( Hist, Relig) the pilgrims' road to Santiago;
    ( Astron) the Milky Way
    * * *

     

    Del verbo caminar: ( conjugate caminar)

    camino es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    caminó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    caminar    
    camino
    caminar ( conjugate caminar) verbo intransitivo
    1 ( andar) to walk;

    podemos ir caminando we can walk, we can go on foot;
    camino hacia algo ‹hacia meta/fin› to move toward(s) sth
    2 (AmL) [reloj/motor] to work;

    verbo transitivo ‹ distancia› to walk
    camino sustantivo masculino
    1 ( en general) road;
    ( de tierra) track;
    ( sendero) path;

    2
    a) (ruta, dirección) way;


    me salieron al camino [ asaltantes] they blocked my path o way;

    [ amigos] they came out to meet me;

    el camino a la fama the road o path to fame;
    se abrió camino entre la espesura she made her way through the dense thickets;
    abrirse camino en la vida to get on in life;
    buen/mal camino: este niño va por mal camino this boy's heading for trouble;
    ibas por buen camino pero te equivocaste you were on the right track but you made a mistake;
    llevar a algn por mal camino to lead sb astray
    b) (trayecto, viaje):


    se pusieron en camino they set off;
    todavía nos quedan dos horas de camino we still have two hours to go
    c) ( en locs)

    ◊ camino de/a … on my/his/her way to …;

    ir camino de algo: una tradición que va camino de desaparecer a tradition which looks set to disappear;
    de camino on the way;
    pilla de camino it's on the way;
    me queda de camino I pass it on my way;
    de camino a la estación on the way to the station;
    en camino on the way;
    deben estar ya en camino they must be on their way already;
    por el camino on the way;
    a mitad de or a medio camino halfway through
    caminar
    I verbo intransitivo to walk
    II verbo transitivo (recorrer a pie) to cover,walk: camino un par de kilómetros diarios, I walk two kilometres every day
    camino sustantivo masculino
    1 (estrecho, sin asfaltar) path, track
    (en general) road
    2 (itinerario, ruta) route, way
    3 (medio, modo) way
    ♦ Locuciones: coger o pillar de camino, to be on the way
    estar en camino, to be on the way
    ir camino de, to be going to
    figurado ir por buen/mal camino, to be on the right/wrong track
    ponerse en camino, to set off
    a medio camino, halfway: lo deja todo a medio camino, she drops everything she starts halfway through
    figurado una casa de turismo rural es un sitio a medio camino entre un hotel y una casa de labranza, a rural tourism house is something halfway between a hotel and a farmhouse
    de camino a, on the way to
    ' camino' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abrirse
    - acceso
    - ahorrar
    - andar
    - baja
    - bajo
    - bifurcación
    - borde
    - caminar
    - como
    - conducir
    - cruzarse
    - desbloquear
    - desviarse
    - dificultosa
    - dificultoso
    - división
    - empinada
    - empinado
    - enderezar
    - enfilar
    - enrevesada
    - enrevesado
    - enseñar
    - entorpecer
    - escultórica
    - escultórico
    - franca
    - franco
    - ir
    - guiar
    - horqueta
    - indicar
    - interponerse
    - intersectarse
    - intrincada
    - intrincado
    - lado
    - marcha
    - margen
    - media
    - mitad
    - mostrar
    - obstáculo
    - orientar
    - orilla
    - paso
    - pillar
    - por
    - promedio
    English:
    astray
    - blaze
    - bridle path
    - circuitous
    - claw
    - concrete
    - devious
    - dirt road
    - drive
    - driveway
    - en route
    - fight
    - footpath
    - guide
    - half-way
    - lane
    - midway
    - passable
    - path
    - pathway
    - pave
    - road
    - rocky
    - rough
    - set off
    - set out
    - show
    - signpost
    - sloping
    - stray
    - strike out
    - struggle on
    - thrust aside
    - towpath
    - track
    - up
    - uphill
    - wade through
    - way
    - wayside
    - weave
    - wind
    - winding
    - work
    - work up to
    - bound
    - by
    - continue
    - direct
    - do
    * * *
    camino nm
    1. [sendero] path, track;
    [carretera] road;
    han abierto un camino a través de la selva they've cleared a path through the jungle;
    acorté por el camino del bosque I took a shortcut through the forest;
    Univ
    Caminos(, Canales y Puertos) [ingeniería] civil engineering;
    la vida no es un camino de rosas life is no bed of roses;
    todos los caminos llevan a Roma all roads lead to Rome
    camino de acceso access road; Fam Fig camino de cabras rugged path;
    camino forestal forest track;
    camino de grava gravel path;
    camino de herradura bridle path;
    camino de hierro railway, US railroad;
    Am camino de mesa table runner; Hist camino real king's highway;
    Camino de Santiago Rel = pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela;
    Astron Milky Way;
    camino de sirga towpath;
    Fig camino trillado well-trodden path; Fig
    tiene el camino trillado the hard work has already been done for him;
    camino vecinal country lane
    2. [ruta, vía] way;
    el camino de la estación the way to the station;
    equivocarse de camino to go the wrong way;
    indicar el camino a alguien to show sb the way;
    no recuerdo el camino de vuelta I can't remember the way back;
    iremos por el camino más corto we'll go by the shortest route, we'll go the quickest way;
    está camino de la capital it's on the way to the capital;
    me encontré a Elena camino de casa I met Elena on the way home;
    de camino [de paso] on the way;
    ve a comprar el periódico, y de camino sube también la leche go for the newspaper and bring the milk up while you're at it;
    me pilla de camino it's on my way;
    a estas horas ya estarán en camino they'll be on their way by now;
    en el camino on the way;
    por este camino this way
    3. [viaje] journey;
    nos espera un largo camino we have a long journey ahead of us;
    se detuvieron tras cinco horas de camino they stopped after they had been on the road for five hours;
    estamos casi a mitad de camino we're about halfway there;
    pararemos a mitad de camino we'll stop halfway;
    hicimos un alto en el camino para comer we stopped (along the way) to have a bite to eat;
    también Fig
    todavía nos queda mucho camino por delante we've still got a long way to go;
    ponerse en camino to set off
    4. [medio] way;
    el camino para conseguir tus propósitos es la honestidad the way to get what you want is to be honest
    5. Comp
    abrir camino a to clear the way for;
    el hermano mayor ha abierto camino a los pequeños the older brother cleared the way for the younger ones;
    dos jinetes abrían camino a la procesión two people rode ahead to clear a path for the procession;
    abrirse camino to get on o ahead;
    se abrió camino entre la maraña de defensas he found a way through the cluster of defenders;
    abrirse camino en el mundo to make one's way in the world;
    le costó mucho abrirse camino, pero ahora tiene una buena posición it wasn't easy for him to get on, but he's got a good job now;
    allanar el camino to smooth the way;
    atravesarse o [m5] cruzarse o [m5] interponerse en el camino de alguien to stand in sb's way;
    no permitiré que nadie se cruce en mi camino I won't let anyone stand in my way;
    Fam
    tienen un bebé en camino they've got a baby on the way;
    ir por buen camino to be on the right track;
    ir por mal camino to go astray;
    con su comportamiento, estos alumnos van por mal camino the way they are behaving, these pupils are heading for trouble;
    fueron cada cual por su camino they went their separate ways;
    van camino del desastre/éxito they're on the road to disaster/success;
    va o [m5] lleva camino de convertirse en estrella she's on her way to stardom;
    a medio camino halfway;
    siempre deja todo a medio camino she always leaves things half-done;
    estar a medio camino to be halfway there;
    está a medio camino entre un delantero y un centrocampista he's somewhere between a forward and a midfielder;
    quedarse a medio camino to stop halfway through;
    el proyecto se quedó a medio camino por falta de presupuesto the project was left unfinished o was abandoned halfway through because the funds dried up;
    iba para estrella, pero se quedó a mitad de camino she looked as if she would become a star, but never quite made it;
    traer a alguien al buen camino to put sb back on the right track
    CAMINO DE SANTIAGO
    The Galician city of Santiago de Compostela in northwestern Spain, traditionally held to be the burial site of the Apostle St James, was one of the most important Christian pilgrimage centres in Europe during the Middle Ages, second only to Rome. Countless pilgrims made the journey from different parts of Europe to Santiago along recognized pilgrimage routes. The main one crosses the north of Spain from the Pyrenees to Galicia and is known as the Camino de Santiago. Although its religious significance has declined, it has become a popular tourist route attracting a wide range of travellers: nature lovers on day trips, hikers and cyclists, and even latter-day pilgrims, whether solitary walkers or on package tours. Many of them avail themselves of the free or low-cost accommodation provided along the way by local councils and religious institutions.
    * * *
    m
    1 ( senda) path;
    no es (todo) un camino de rosas it isn’t all a bed of roses
    2 INFOR path
    3 ( ruta) way;
    a medio camino halfway;
    de camino a on the way to;
    por el camino on the way;
    camino de on the way to;
    abrirse camino fig make one’s way;
    estar en camino be on the way;
    abrirse camino en la vida get on;
    ir por buen/mal camino fig be on the right/wrong track;
    abrir camino hacia algo fig pave the way for sth;
    mitad de camino fig leave sth half finished
    * * *
    camino nm
    1) : path, road
    2) : journey
    ponerse en camino: to set off
    3) : way
    a medio camino: halfway there
    * * *
    1. (sendero) path
    2. (ruta, medio) way
    camino de on the way / on your way
    ponerse en camino to set off [pt. & pp. set]

    Spanish-English dictionary > camino

  • 43 trabajo1

    1 = employment, endeavour [endeavor, -USA], job, labour [labor, -USA], leg work, occupation, task, work, working environment, workload [work load], pursuit, workmanship, footwork, handwork, professional position, working practice, pursuit in life, handiwork, lifework, line of business, toil, industry.
    Ex. Under WOMEN -- EMPLOYMENT, for instance, are listed works on the health and safety hazards of employment, the wages of employment, the problems of mothers, married and/or single women and employment, and so on.
    Ex. Eventually, it came to be recognized that the Classification Research Group's endeavours might be pertinent to the problem of alphabetical indexing.
    Ex. To ease the cataloguer's job and save him the trouble of counting characters, DOBIS/LIBIS uses a special function.
    Ex. An editor is a person who prepares for publication an item not his own and whose labour may be limited to the preparation of the item for the manufacturer.
    Ex. DOBIS/LIBIS may replace the typewriter, the catalog card, and much leg work, but it cannot replace the decision-making capabilities of the library staff.
    Ex. Headings such as SALESMEN AND SALESMANSHIP and FIREMEN, since they are assigned to works covering the activities of both men and women in these occupations, are not specific.
    Ex. Further, menu screens will be necessary until the user has specified the task that he wishes executed or the information that he wishes to retrieve sufficiently for execution or retrieval to be effected.
    Ex. The Classification Research Group (CRG) has been a major force in the development of classification theory, and has made a major contribution towards work on a new general classification scheme.
    Ex. This article examines the various features now available on copiers and comments on the usefulness in a working environment.
    Ex. Each of these changes, if we were to deal with them in an adequate manner, create severe workload problems for the cataloging department.
    Ex. What is more arguable is whether or not it is a bibliographical pursuit at all since it bears little relationship to the physical nature of the book.
    Ex. William R Lethaby, the architect who had Westminster Abbey in his charge for over twenty years, once said 'Art is thoughtful workmanship'.
    Ex. If we decide to take on making up a subject file there'd be a lot of footwork even if we use that list as a basis = Si decidimos aceptar crear un fichero ordenado por materias habría mucho trabajo incluso si usamos esta lista como base.
    Ex. The newspaper's suppression after the first issue was not, as some historians have declared, the handwork of Massachusetts' Puritan clergy = La supresión del periódico después de su primer número no fue, como algunos historiadores han declarado, por la intervención del clero puritano de Massachussetts.
    Ex. In virtually all of her professional positions she has been involved with the handling of documents.
    Ex. While many believe that print on paper will never die, new formats are already changing working practice in many spheres.
    Ex. People who are blind, regardless of their pursuit in life, will not have access to current information, books, learning, or education opportunities unless all libraries and blindness organizations agree to work together.
    Ex. Rather than bringing in butchers to do the handiwork of his dissections, Vesalius himself worked on the human cadavers and said that students of medicine should do the same.
    Ex. This is an eloquent, moving testament to the lifework of a major artist of unimpeachable technique and passion.
    Ex. The computer people are muscling in on our line of business and we can't stop them.
    Ex. Furthermore, the computer can be used, and is already being used, to eliminate drudgery, busywork, and useless toil in library systems.
    Ex. In fact, the terms of the contrast are highly ambivalent: order vs. anarchy, liberty vs. despotism, or industry vs. sloth, and also dissimulation vs. honesty.
    ----
    * acoso en el trabajo = workplace mobbing.
    * agenda de trabajo = work agenda.
    * agobiado de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.
    * ahorrar el trabajo de = save + effort in.
    * almuerzo de trabajo = work luncheon.
    * ámbito de trabajo = field of endeavour.
    * amor al trabajo = love of work.
    * ansiedad en el trabajo = job anxiety, work anxiety.
    * anterior al trabajo = pre-service.
    * anuncio de trabajo = help wanted ad, help wanted notice.
    * anuncios de trabajo = help-wanted advertising.
    * año de trabajo = man year.
    * ascender en el trabajo = step up + the career ladder.
    * ascenso en el trabajo = job promotion.
    * aspirar a un puesto de trabajo = aspire to + position.
    * asunto relacionado con el trabajo = work-related issue.
    * avanzar en + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work, advance + Posesivo + work.
    * basado en el trabajo en equipo = team-based.
    * bibliografía de trabajo = working bibliography.
    * biblioteconomía especializada en el trabajo de referencia = reference librarianship.
    * bolsa de trabajo = labour exchange, job opportunities, employment bureau, employment centre, employment opportunity, job centre, job pool.
    * borrador de trabajo = working paper.
    * buscador de trabajo = job applicant, job seeker.
    * buscar trabajo = seek + employment.
    * buscar trabajo en la calle = work + the streets.
    * campo de trabajo = field of endeavour.
    * campo de trabajos forzados = labour camp, forced labour camp.
    * cantidad de trabajo = workload [work load].
    * carga de trabajo = workload [work load].
    * centro de trabajo = workplace.
    * cobrar en un trabajo = job + pay.
    * comenzar el turno de trabajo = go on + duty.
    * comida de trabajo = business meal, professional meal.
    * compañero de trabajo = co-worker [coworker], male colleague, work colleague, fellow worker.
    * complementos del trabajo = fringe benefits, fringes.
    * conciliación del trabajo y la familia = reconciliation of work and family.
    * con demasiado trabajo = overworked.
    * condiciones del contrato de trabajo = terms of employment.
    * condiciones de trabajo = working conditions.
    * con mucho trabajo = painfully.
    * conseguir un puesto de trabajo = obtain + position.
    * conseguir un trabajo = enter + job, land + job.
    * con trabajo = in post.
    * contratar al primero que solicita el trabajo = hire on a first-come, first-take basis.
    * contrato de trabajo = contract position.
    * conversación de trabajo = shop talk.
    * costar mucho trabajo = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.
    * costar trabajo = have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre.
    * cualquier trabajo temporal = casual job.
    * cubrir un puesto de trabajo = fill + position.
    * cuestión relacionada con el trabajo = work-related issue.
    * dar permiso en el trabajo = give + time off work.
    * dar trabajo = present + burden.
    * dedicar trabajo = expend + effort.
    * definición de trabajo = working definition.
    * dejar a Alguien sin trabajo = put + Nombre + out of work.
    * dejar el puesto de trabajo = resign from + Posesivo + post.
    * dejar el trabajo = resign from + Posesivo + post, quit + Posesivo + job, jump + ship.
    * dejar sin trabajo = put + Nombre + out of work.
    * dejar un puesto de trabajo = resign from + Posesivo + position.
    * dejar un trabajo = quit, resign + Posesivo + post.
    * denominación del puesto de trabajo = job title, occupational title.
    * dentro del mismo trabajo = intraoccupational.
    * derecho del trabajo = employment law.
    * desarrollar + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work.
    * desarrollar un plan de trabajo = develop + agenda.
    * descripción del puesto de trabajo = job description, position description, job profile.
    * desempeñar un trabajo = exercise + work.
    * despedir del trabajo = make + redundant.
    * después del horario de trabajo = after hours [after-hours].
    * de trabajo = working.
    * día del trabajo = Labour Day.
    * día de trabajo = working day.
    * día internacional del trabajo = Labour Day.
    * diario automático de trabajo = time log.
    * dignidad del trabajo = dignity of work.
    * dinámica de trabajo = workflow [work flow].
    * distribución del trabajo = workflow [work flow].
    * distribuir el trabajo = spread + the load.
    * división del trabajo = division of labour.
    * documento de trabajo = working document, working draft.
    * eficacia en el trabajo = quality of service.
    * elaborar un plan de trabajo = develop + agenda.
    * eliminar puestos de trabajo = shed + jobs, axe + jobs, cut + jobs.
    * empresa de trabajo = industrial affiliation.
    * encomendar un trabajo a Alguien = assign + job.
    * encontrar trabajo = find + a job.
    * encontrar trabajo en una biblioteca = join + library.
    * en el horario de trabajo = on company time.
    * en el trabajo = on-the-job, at work.
    * enseñanza antes de empezar el trabajo = pre-service education.
    * enseñanza en el trabajo = in-service education.
    * entorno de trabajo = working environment, work environment.
    * entrevista de trabajo = job interview.
    * equipo de trabajo = study team, project team, work team.
    * esclavo del trabajo = workaholic.
    * escribir un trabajo = write + essay.
    * espacio de trabajo = workspace.
    * específico de un trabajo concreto = job-specific.
    * estación de trabajo = workstation [work station], desktop workstation.
    * estación de trabajo remota = outstation.
    * estadía de trabajo = work visit.
    * estar mareado de tanto trabajo = be reeling.
    * estar relacionado con el trabajo = be work related.
    * estar saturado de trabajo = work to + capacity.
    * estar sin trabajo = stay out of + work.
    * estrategia que ahorra trabajo = labour saver.
    * estrés en el trabajo = job stress.
    * evaluar el rendimiento en el trabajo = evaluate + work performance.
    * excedencia en el trabajo = leave of absence.
    * ficha de trabajo = worksheet, project worksheet.
    * formación continua en el trabajo = workplace training, workplace learning.
    * formación en el trabajo = in-service training, in-service education, in-service, on-the-job training, in-service support.
    * funciones del puesto de trabajo = position + entail + duty.
    * grupo de trabajo = study group, study team, task force, working party, task group, research group, working group, project team.
    * grupo de trabajo por tema de interés = breakout group.
    * guía de trabajo = working guide.
    * hábito de trabajo = work habit, working habit.
    * hablar del trabajo = talk + shop.
    * hacer + Posesivo + trabajo = get on with + Posesivo + work.
    * hacer (todo) el trabajo pesado = do (all) + the donkey work.
    * hacer un buen trabajo = do + a good job.
    * hacer un trabajo = do + work, do + job.
    * hacer un trabajo sobre = do + a project about.
    * hasta aquí de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.
    * hasta el cuello de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.
    * herramienta de trabajo = tool, tool.
    * hora de trabajo = man-hour.
    * horario de trabajo = hours of operation, working hours, work hours.
    * horario intenso de trabajo = long hours, the.
    * horarios de trabajo demasiado cargados = over-long hours.
    * igualdad de oportunidad en el trabajo = equal employment opportunity.
    * igualdad de retribución por un trabajo de valor comparable = equal pay for comparable work.
    * igualdad de retribución por un trabajo de igual valor = equal pay for equal work.
    * incentivo en el trabajo = work incentive, labour incentive.
    * indicador del trabajo realizado = workload indicator.
    * intercambio de puestos de trabajo = job exchange.
    * jornada de trabajo = workshop.
    * liberar del exceso de trabajo = relieve + overload.
    * liberar de trabajo = relieve + pressure.
    * línea de trabajo = line of work.
    * llamar al trabajo para excusarse por enfermedad = call in + sick.
    * llegar tarde al trabajo = be late for work.
    * lugar de trabajo = affiliation, institutional affiliation, working environment, workplace, place of work, worksite [work site], home institution.
    * lugar de trabajo del autor = author affiliation.
    * magistratura del trabajo = industrial tribunal.
    * marco de trabajo = framework.
    * medida de seguridad e higiene en el trabajo = health and safety standard.
    * memoria de trabajo = working memory.
    * mercado de trabajo = labour market, job market.
    * mercado de trabajo, el = employment market, the.
    * mesa de trabajo = desk, study table.
    * método de trabajo = working method.
    * Ministerio de Trabajo = Department of Labor.
    * modelo de trabajo = working model, business model.
    * mucho trabajo = hard graft.
    * negligente en el trabajo = malpractitioner.
    * neurosis producida por el trabajo = occupational neurosis.
    * NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).
    * no perder el trabajo = stay in + work.
    * norma de trabajo = working rule.
    * no tener trabajo = be unemployed.
    * obtener un puesto de trabajo = obtain + position.
    * ocupar un puesto de trabajo = assume + position, take up + post, hold + post.
    * oferta de trabajo = job advertisement, job offer, help wanted ad, help wanted notice.
    * ofertas de trabajo = help-wanted advertising.
    * oportunidad de trabajo = career opportunity.
    * organización del trabajo = workflow [work flow], working arrangement.
    * paquete de trabajo = workpackage.
    * para trabajos pesados = heavy-duty.
    * pérdida de puestos de trabajo = squeeze on jobs.
    * permiso de trabajo = work permit.
    * permuta de trabajo = job exchange.
    * persona encargada de hacer los trabajos sucios = hatchetman.
    * persona obsesiva con el trabajo = workoholic [workholic], workaholic.
    * persona que asigna el trabajo = assigner.
    * persona que deja un trabajo = leaver.
    * persona que reparte el trabajo = assigner.
    * personas sin trabajo remunerado, los = unwaged, the.
    * plan de trabajo = research agenda, work plan, working plan, work schedule.
    * política de trabajo = policy.
    * postura exigida por el trabajo = work posture.
    * proceso de trabajo = work process.
    * programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).
    * programa de trabajo = work schedule.
    * programa de trabajo como interno residente = residency.
    * promoción en el trabajo = job promotion.
    * propuesta de trabajo = project proposal.
    * proyecto de trabajo = work project.
    * puente de trabajo = catwalk.
    * puesto de trabajo = appointment, position, post, opening, career path, professional position, position held.
    * puesto de trabajo de libre designación = line position.
    * puesto de trabajo ocupado = position held.
    * puestos de trabajo ocupados = positions held.
    * quitar puestos de trabajo = shed + jobs, axe + jobs, cut + jobs.
    * realizar el trabajo = get + Posesivo + work done.
    * realizar + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work.
    * realizar un trabajo = perform + work, undertake + work.
    * realizar un trabajo monótono = have + Posesivo + nose to the grindstone.
    * red de trabajo = peer-to-peer network.
    * relacionado con el trabajo = job-related, work-related.
    * relación de trabajo = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.
    * relativo al trabajo = occupational.
    * rendimiento en el trabajo = work performance.
    * reunión de trabajo = business meeting, business session.
    * ropa de trabajo = work clothes.
    * rutina de trabajo = work process.
    * sala de trabajo = workroom.
    * salir del trabajo = clock off + work.
    * salud en el trabajo = occupational health.
    * satisfacción en el trabajo = job satisfaction, work satisfaction.
    * segregación en el trabajo = job segregation, employment segregation.
    * seguridad en el trabajo = safety at work, occupational safety.
    * sesión de trabajo = work session, working session.
    * sicología del trabajo = occupational psychology.
    * sin trabajo = jobless.
    * sobrecargado de trabajo = overworked.
    * sociología del trabajo = sociology of work.
    * soliciante de trabajo = job applicant.
    * solicitud de trabajo = job application.
    * superficie de trabajo = working surface, work surface.
    * taller de trabajo = workshop, study school.
    * taller de trabajo esclavo = sweatshop.
    * taller de trabajo sobre composición = writing workshop.
    * tener trabajo para rato = have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre.
    * tener un segundo trabajo = moonlight, work + a second job.
    * tener un trabajo = hold down + job.
    * tener un trabajo remunerado = be gainfully employed.
    * tener un trabajo retribuido = be gainfully employed.
    * tensión en el trabajo = job stress.
    * tensión producida por el trabajo = occupational stress.
    * terminar turno de trabajo = come off + duty.
    * toda una vida de trabajo = a lifetime of work.
    * tomarse excedencia en el trabajo = take + leave from + employment.
    * tomarse + Expresión Temporal + de permiso en el trabajo = take + Expresión Temporal + off, have + Expresión Temporal + off work.
    * tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off work.
    * tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off, take + time out.
    * trabajo académico = academic work.
    * trabajo a destajo = piecework.
    * trabajo a distancia = telecommuting, teleworking, telework.
    * trabajo administrativo de apoyo = clerical work.
    * trabajo a medias = job share.
    * trabajo artesanal = craftsmanship.
    * trabajo a tiempo parcial = part-time work, part-time employment, part-time job.
    * trabajo atípico = atypical work.
    * trabajo autónomo = self-employment.
    * trabajo bibliográfico = bibliographic work.
    * trabajo bibliotecario = library work.
    * trabajo burocrático = paper-keeping.
    * trabajo científico = scientific work, scholarly work.
    * trabajo compartido = job sharing.
    * trabajo complicado = major exercise.
    * trabajo con documentación automatizada = computer-based information work.
    * trabajo conjunto = interworking.
    * trabajo con ordenador = computer work.
    * trabajo cotidiano = daily work.
    * trabajo creativo = creative work.
    * trabajo de alfabetización = literacy work.
    * trabajo de apoyo = escort work.
    * trabajo de calidad = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].
    * trabajo de campo = fieldwork [field work].
    * trabajo de catalogación = cataloguing work.
    * trabajo de chinos = fiddly [fiddlier -comp., fiddliest -sup.].
    * trabajo de clase = term paper, coursework [course work], term project, homework.
    * trabajo de detective = sleuthing.
    * trabajo de escolta = escort work.
    * trabajo de impresión = bookwork.
    * trabajo de impresión de material efímero = ephemeral jobbing.
    * trabajo de información y de las bibliotecas = library and information work.
    * trabajo de investigación = investigative work, research paper, research work.
    * trabajo de la casa = housework.
    * trabajo de menores = child labour.
    * trabajo de poca monta = odd-job.
    * trabajo de préstamo de servicios = service job.
    * trabajo de referencia = reference work.
    * trabajo desinteresado = labour of love.
    * trabajo detectivesco = sleuthing.
    * trabajo de toda una vida = life's work, lifework.
    * trabajo diario = day's work, daily work.
    * trabajo doméstico = domestic duty, domestic work, domestic task.
    * trabajo duro = hard labour, thirsty work, hard work.
    * trabajo duro, mucho trabajo = hard graft.
    * trabajo editorial = editorship.
    * trabajo en archivística = archives work.
    * trabajo en colaboración = interworking.
    * trabajo en común = interworking.
    * trabajo en curso = work in progress.
    * trabajo en equipo = teamwork, collaborative teamwork, team management.
    * trabajo en red = networking.
    * trabajo en sucio = rough work.
    * trabajo entre manos, el = work at hand, the.
    * trabajo eventual = jobbing.
    * trabajo físico = physical work.
    * trabajo improductivo = busywork.
    * trabajo individual = independent study, self-study.
    * trabajo infantil = child labour, child work.
    * trabajo ininterrumpido = continuous work.
    * trabajo manual = craft, craft activity, handiwork, manual labour.
    * trabajo monótono = drudge work, drudgery.
    * trabajo + no faltar = have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre.
    * trabajo no remunerado = unpaid work, unremunerated work.
    * trabajo pesado = grind, grinding, donkey work.
    * trabajo por cuenta propia = self-employment.
    * trabajo por libre = freelance [free-lance].
    * trabajo por + Posesivo + cuenta = freelance [free-lance].
    * trabajo por turnos = shift work.
    * trabajo práctico = fieldwork [field work], practical work.
    * trabajo preliminar = groundwork, legwork, spadework [spade work].
    * trabajo previo = groundwork, spadework [spade work].
    * trabajo remunerado = work-for-hire, paid work, paid labour.
    * trabajo rutinario = chore, routine work, mundane task.
    * trabajos = life's work.
    * trabajos de impresión de material efímero = jobbing work.
    * trabajos de rescate = rescue work.
    * trabajos forzados = forced labour, hard labour.
    * trabajo social = social work.
    * trabajo sucio = dirty work.
    * trabajo sumergido = informal work.
    * trabajo temporal = temporary job, casual job.
    * trabajo urgente = hurried work, rush job.
    * trabajo y esfuerzo = toil and trouble.
    * turno de trabajo de atención al usuario = desk duty.
    * un trabajo bien hecho = a job well done.
    * uso compartido de mesas de trabajo = hot desking.
    * útil de trabajo = tool.
    * vida en el trabajo = job life.
    * visita de trabajo = field trip.

    Spanish-English dictionary > trabajo1

  • 44 Sopwith, Sir Thomas (Tommy) Octave Murdoch

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 18 January 1888 London, England
    d. 27 January 1989 Stockbridge, Hampshire, England
    [br]
    English aeronautical engineer and industrialist.
    [br]
    Son of a successful mining engineer, Sopwith did not shine at school and, having been turned down by the Royal Navy as a result, attended an engineering college. His first interest was motor cars and, while still in his teens, he set up a business in London with a friend in order to sell them; he also took part in races and rallies.
    Sopwith's interest in aviation came initially through ballooning, and in 1906 he purchased his own balloon. Four years later, inspired by the recent flights across the Channel to France and after a joy-ride at Brooklands, he bought an Avis monoplane, followed by a larger biplane, and taught himself to fly. He was awarded the Royal Aero Society's Aviator Certificate No. 31 on 21 November 1910, and he quickly distinguished himself in flying competitions on both sides of the Atlantic and started his own flying school. In his races he was ably supported by his friend Fred Sigrist, a former motor engineer. Among the people Sopwith taught to fly were an Australian, Harry Hawker, and Major Hugh Trenchard, who later became the "father" of the RAF.
    In 1912, depressed by the poor quality of the aircraft on trial for the British Army, Sopwith, in conjunction with Hawker and Sigrist, bought a skating rink in Kingston-upon-Thames and, assisted by Fred Sigrist, started to design and build his first aircraft, the Sopwith Hybrid. He sold this to the Royal Navy in 1913, and the following year his aviation manufacturing company became the Sopwith Aviation Company Ltd. That year a seaplane version of his Sopwith Tabloid won the Schneider Trophy in the second running of this speed competition. During 1914–18, Sopwith concentrated on producing fighters (or "scouts" as they were then called), with the Pup, the Camel, the 1½ Strutter, the Snipe and the Sopwith Triplane proving among the best in the war. He also pioneered several ideas to make flying easier for the pilot, and in 1915 he patented his adjustable tailplane and his 1 ½ Strutter was the first aircraft to be fitted with air brakes. During the four years of the First World War, Sopwith Aviation designed thirty-two different aircraft types and produced over 16,000 aircraft.
    The end of the First World War brought recession to the aircraft industry and in 1920 Sopwith, like many others, put his company into receivership; none the less, he immediately launched a new, smaller company with Hawker, Sigrist and V.W.Eyre, which they called the H.G. Hawker Engineering Company Ltd to avoid any confusion with the former company. He began by producing cars and motor cycles under licence, but was determined to resume aircraft production. He suffered an early blow with the death of Hawker in an air crash in 1921, but soon began supplying aircraft to the Royal Air Force again. In this he was much helped by taking on a new designer, Sydney Camm, in 1923, and during the next decade they produced a number of military aircraft types, of which the Hart light bomber and the Fury fighter, the first to exceed 200 mph (322 km/h), were the best known. In the mid-1930s Sopwith began to build a large aviation empire, acquiring first the Gloster Aircraft Company and then, in quick succession, Armstrong-Whitworth, Armstrong-Siddeley Motors Ltd and its aero-engine counterpart, and A.V.Roe, which produced Avro aircraft. Under the umbrella of the Hawker Siddeley Aircraft Company (set up in 1935) these companies produced a series of outstanding aircraft, ranging from the Hawker Hurricane, through the Avro Lancaster to the Gloster Meteor, Britain's first in-service jet aircraft, and the Hawker Typhoon, Tempest and Hunter. When Sopwith retired as Chairman of the Hawker Siddeley Group in 1963 at the age of 75, a prototype jump-jet (the P-1127) was being tested, later to become the Harrier, a for cry from the fragile biplanes of 1910.
    Sopwith also had a passion for yachting and came close to wresting the America's Cup from the USA in 1934 when sailing his yacht Endeavour, which incorporated a number of features years ahead of their time; his greatest regret was that he failed in his attempts to win this famous yachting trophy for Britain. After his retirement as Chairman of the Hawker Siddeley Group, he remained on the Board until 1978. The British aviation industry had been nationalized in April 1977, and Hawker Siddeley's aircraft interests merged with the British Aircraft Corporation to become British Aerospace (BAe). Nevertheless, by then the Group had built up a wide range of companies in the field of mechanical and electrical engineering, and its board conferred on Sopwith the title Founder and Life President.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1953. CBE 1918.
    Bibliography
    1961, "My first ten years in aviation", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (April) (a very informative and amusing paper).
    Further Reading
    A.Bramson, 1990, Pure Luck: The Authorized Biography of Sir Thomas Sopwith, 1888– 1989, Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens.
    B.Robertson, 1970, Sopwith. The Man and His Aircraft, London (a detailed publication giving plans of all the Sopwith aircraft).
    CM / JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Sopwith, Sir Thomas (Tommy) Octave Murdoch

  • 45 hablar

    v.
    1 to speak.
    hablar en voz alta/baja to speak loudly/softly
    hablar claro to speak clearly
    Ella habla la verdad She speaks the truth.
    2 to talk.
    necesito hablar contigo I need to talk o speak to you, we need to talk
    hablar con alguien por teléfono to speak to somebody on the phone
    hablar de algo to talk about something
    La viejita habla mucho The little old lady talks a lot.
    3 to talk.
    4 to speak (idioma).
    5 to discuss (asunto).
    es mejor que lo hables con él it would be better if you talked to him about it
    6 to talk to, to speak to.
    Ella le habla a Ricardo She talks to Richard.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to speak, talk
    2 (mencionar) to talk, mention
    3 (murmurar) to talk
    4 (dar un tratamiento) to call (de, -)
    5 figurado (salir) to go out
    1 (idioma) to speak
    2 (tratar) to talk over, discuss
    1 (uso recíproco) to speak, talk
    \
    es como hablar a la pared figurado it's like talking to a brick wall
    eso es hablar now you're talking
    estar hablando (cuadro etc) to be almost alive
    hablar a solas to talk to oneself
    hablar alto to speak loud
    ■ ¿puedes hablar más alto? can you speak up, please?
    hablar bajo to speak softly
    hablar bien de alguien to speak well of somebody
    hablar claro to speak plainly
    hablar como un libro (expresarse muy bien) to speak very well, express oneself very clearly 2 (hablar con afectación) to speak affectedly
    hablar con el corazón to speak from the heart
    hablar en broma to be joking
    hablar en cristiano familiar to talk plainly
    hablar en nombre de alguien to speak on somebody's behalf
    hablar mal de alguien to speak badly of somebody
    hablar por hablar to talk for the sake of talking
    hablar por los codos familiar to be a chatterbox
    no hablarse con alguien not to be on speaking terms with somebody
    no hay más que hablar there's nothing more to be said
    no se hable más de ello and that's that
    ¡quién fue a hablar! look who's talking!
    se habla de que... it is said that...
    'Se habla inglés' "English spoken"
    sin hablar de not to mention
    sin hablar palabra without saying a word
    * * *
    verb
    2) talk
    * * *
    1.
    VI to speak, talk (a, con to) (de about, of)

    acabamos de hablar del premio — we were just talking o speaking about the prize

    ¡mira quién fue a hablar! — look who's talking!

    que hable él — let him speak, let him have his say

    ¡hable!, ¡puede hablar! — (Telec) you're through!, go ahead! (EEUU)

    ¿quién habla? — (Telec) who's calling?, who is it?

    • hablar alto — to speak o talk loudly

    • hablar bajo — to speak o talk quietly, speak o talk in a low voice

    • hablar claro — (fig) to speak plainly o bluntly

    • dar que hablar a la gente — to make people talk, cause tongues to wag

    • hablaba en broma — she was joking

    ¿hablas en serio? — are you serious?

    • hacer hablar a algn — to make sb talk

    • hablar por hablar — to talk for talking's sake, talk for the sake of it

    hablamos por teléfono todos los días — we speak on the phone every day, we phone each other every day

    • hablar solo — to talk o speak to o.s.

    ¡ni hablar! —

    -¿vas a ayudarle en la mudanza? -¡ni hablar! — "are you going to help him with the move?" - "no way!" o - "you must be joking!"

    cristiano, plata
    2. VT
    1) [+ idioma] to speak

    habla bien el portugués — he speaks good Portuguese, he speaks Portuguese well

    "se habla inglés" — "English spoken"

    2) (=tratar de)

    • no hay más que hablar — there's nothing more to be said about it

    3) Méx (Telec) to (tele)phone
    3.
    See:
    HABLAR ¿"Speak" o "talk"? ► Se traduce por speak cuando hablar tiene un sentido general, es decir, hace referencia a la emisión de sonidos articulados: Estaba tan conmocionado que no podía hablar He was so shocked that he was unable to speak Su padre antes tartamudeaba al hablar Her father used to stutter when he spoke ► También se emplea speak cuando nos referimos a la capacidad de hablar un idioma: Habla francés y alemán She speaks French and German ► Cuando hablar implica la participación de más de una persona, es decir, se trata de una conversación, una charla, o un comentario, entonces se traduce por talk. Es una de esas personas que no para de hablar He's one of those people who won't stop talking ► Para traducir la construcción hablar con alguien podemos utilizar talk to ( talk with en el inglés de EE.UU.) o, si el uso es más formal, se puede emplear speak to ( speak with en el inglés de EE.UU.): Vi a Manolo hablando animadamente con un grupo de turistas I saw Manolo talking o speaking animatedly to o with a group of tourists ► Si queremos especificar el idioma en que se desarrolla la conversación, se puede emplear tanto talk como speak, aunque este último se usa en un lenguaje más formal: Me sorprendió bastante verla hablar en francés con tanta soltura I was surprised to see her talking o speaking (in) French so fluently Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( articular palabras) to speak

    hablar en voz baja — to speak o talk quietly

    2) ( expresarse) to speak

    déjalo hablar — let him speak, let him have his say (colloq)

    hablar claro — ( claramente) to speak clearly; ( francamente) to speak frankly

    mira quién habla or quién fue a hablar — (fam) look o hark who's talking (colloq)

    hablar por hablar — to talk for the sake of it

    quien mucho habla mucho yerra — the more you talk, the more mistakes you'll make

    3)
    a) ( conversar) to talk

    tengo que hablarte or que hablar contigo — I need to speak to you o have a word with you

    hablando se entiende la gente — (fr hecha) the way to work things out is by talking

    hablar con alguien — to speak o talk to somebody

    ni hablar: de eso ni hablar that's totally out of the question; ni hablar! no way! (colloq), no chance! (colloq); nos castigaron por hablar en clase — we were punished for talking in class

    b) ( murmurar) to talk

    dar que hablar — to start people talking

    ¿quién habla? — who's speaking o calling?

    ¿con quién hablo? — who am I speaking with (AmE) o (BrE) speaking to?

    4) (tratar, referirse a)

    hablar de algo/alguien — to talk about something/somebody

    hablar de negocios — to talk (about) o discuss business

    lo dejamos en 10.000 y no se hable más (de ello) — let's say 10,000 and be done with it

    el viaje en tren sale caro, y no hablemos ya del avión — going by train is expensive, and as for flying...

    hablar sobre or acerca de algo — to talk about something

    5) ( bajo coacción) to talk
    6)
    a) ( dar discurso) to speak

    el rey habló a la nación — the king spoke to o addressed the nation

    b) ( dirigirse a) to speak

    háblale de tú — use the `tú' form with him

    7)

    hablar de + inf — to talk of -ing, talk about -ing

    b) ( rumorear)

    se habla de que va a renunciar — it is said o rumored that she's going to resign

    8) (Méx) ( por teléfono) to call, phone
    2.
    hablar vt
    1) < idioma> to speak
    2) ( tratar)

    háblalo con ella — speak o talk to her about it

    3) (fam) ( decir)

    no hables disparates or tonterías — don't talk nonsense

    3.
    hablarse v pron

    no se habla con ella — he's not speaking o talking to her, he's not on speaking terms with her

    * * *
    = speak, talk, share + Posesivo + view, speak up, chat.
    Ex. If, however, you wish to speak another language with DOBIS/LIBIS, enter the name of that language in this field by typing over the language displayed.
    Ex. The philosophy was that every computer on the network would talk, as a peer, with any other computer.
    Ex. The aim is to encourage children to read more and to share their views on the books they read.
    Ex. 'When you've been here a while, you'll see that it's hard to avoid run-ins with her,' Lehmann spoke up.
    Ex. The guest might be better employed seeing small groups half a dozen or so for quarter of an hour, when they could chat about anything that crops up.
    ----
    * conseguir hablar con = catch up with.
    * dar de qué hablar = raise + eyebrows, fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * dar que hablar = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours, raise + eyebrows.
    * del que estamos hablando = in question.
    * empezar a hablar de = make + noises about, make + a noise about.
    * estar hablando del tema = be on the topic.
    * estrictamente hablando = strictly speaking.
    * extasiarse hablando de Algo = wax + lyrical, wax + rapturous.
    * forma de hablar = manner of speaking.
    * hablando de Roma, por la puerta asoma = speak of the devil, talk of the devil.
    * hablando en plata = crudely put.
    * hablando en términos muy generales = crudely put.
    * hablando figuradamente = figuratively speaking.
    * hablando por teléfono = on the line.
    * hablando sinceramente = straight talk.
    * hablando sin rodeos = crudely put.
    * hablando sin tapujos = straight talk.
    * hablar a = speak to.
    * hablar a calzón quitado = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * hablar a favor de = speak up for.
    * hablar alto = be loud.
    * hablar al unísono = speak with + one voice.
    * hablar antes de tiempo = speak too soon.
    * hablar bajo = speak + low.
    * hablar ceceando = lisp.
    * hablar claro = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * hablar como una cotorra = talk + Posesivo + socks off.
    * hablar con = check with, speak with, talk with, speak to.
    * hablar con diplomacia = say + the right thing.
    * hablar con entusiasmo = gush about.
    * hablar con la boca llena = speak with + Posesivo + mouth full, talk with + Posesivo + mouth full.
    * hablar con la nariz = talk through + Posesivo + nose.
    * hablar con lengua de serpiente = talk with + a twisted tongue, speak with + a twisted tongue, speak with + a split tongue, speak with + a forked tongue.
    * hablar con ritmo y rima = rap about.
    * hablar de = be on about, talk about, tell of.
    * hablar de boquilla = pay + lip service.
    * hablar del asunto con = take + the matter + up with.
    * hablar del mismo modo = talk + alike.
    * hablar del trabajo = talk + shop.
    * hablar despectivamente = speak + disparagingly.
    * hablar efusivamente = gush about.
    * hablar emotivamente y con efusividad = gush about.
    * hablar en contra de = speak against.
    * hablar en falso = speak with + a split tongue, speak with + a forked tongue, speak with + a twisted tongue.
    * hablar en favor de = put + a word in for.
    * hablar en lengua desconocida = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.
    * hablar en plata = put + it crudely.
    * hablar en público = public speaking, speak in + public.
    * hablar entre dientes = mumble, mutter.
    * hablar entre dientes sin ser entendido = mumble.
    * hablar en voz alta = talk in + a loud voice.
    * hablar en voz baja = whisper, speak + low.
    * hablar explícitamente = speak out.
    * hablar hasta por los codos = talk + Posesivo + socks off.
    * hablar hasta reventar = talk + Reflexivo + blue in the face.
    * hablar incoherentmente = babble.
    * hablar mal de = speak against, speak out against, speak + ill of, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, slate, diss.
    * hablar maravillas de = praise.
    * hablar más de la cuenta = shoot + Posesivo + mouth off.
    * hablar muy bien de = rave about, rant and rave.
    * hablar pestes = trash, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, rubbish.
    * hablar por hablar = waffle, talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * hablar por la nariz = talk through + Posesivo + nose.
    * hablar por los codos = talk + Posesivo + socks off, talk + Reflexivo + blue in the face.
    * hablar por Uno mismo = speak for + Reflexivo.
    * hablarse = on speaking terms.
    * hablarse bien de Algo o Alguien = be well spoken of.
    * hablar sin decir nada = waffle.
    * hablar sin parar = burble on.
    * hablar sin pensar = shoot from + the hip.
    * hablar sin ser entendido = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.
    * hablar sin ton ni son = talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * llevar a hablar de una cuestión = bring up + issue.
    * loro viejo no aprende a hablar = you can't teach an old dog new tricks, you can't teach an old dog new tricks.
    * ¡mira quién habla! = look who's talking!.
    * ¡ni hablar! = no dice!.
    * ¡ni hablar del caso! = no dice!.
    * persona que sólo habla una lengua = monoglot.
    * que habla en voz baja = quietly spoken.
    * saber de lo que Uno estar hablando = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * ser como hablar con la pared = be like talking to a brick wall.
    * volver a hablar innecesariamente = belabour [belabor, -USA].
    * ya hemos hablado bastante de = so much for.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( articular palabras) to speak

    hablar en voz baja — to speak o talk quietly

    2) ( expresarse) to speak

    déjalo hablar — let him speak, let him have his say (colloq)

    hablar claro — ( claramente) to speak clearly; ( francamente) to speak frankly

    mira quién habla or quién fue a hablar — (fam) look o hark who's talking (colloq)

    hablar por hablar — to talk for the sake of it

    quien mucho habla mucho yerra — the more you talk, the more mistakes you'll make

    3)
    a) ( conversar) to talk

    tengo que hablarte or que hablar contigo — I need to speak to you o have a word with you

    hablando se entiende la gente — (fr hecha) the way to work things out is by talking

    hablar con alguien — to speak o talk to somebody

    ni hablar: de eso ni hablar that's totally out of the question; ni hablar! no way! (colloq), no chance! (colloq); nos castigaron por hablar en clase — we were punished for talking in class

    b) ( murmurar) to talk

    dar que hablar — to start people talking

    ¿quién habla? — who's speaking o calling?

    ¿con quién hablo? — who am I speaking with (AmE) o (BrE) speaking to?

    4) (tratar, referirse a)

    hablar de algo/alguien — to talk about something/somebody

    hablar de negocios — to talk (about) o discuss business

    lo dejamos en 10.000 y no se hable más (de ello) — let's say 10,000 and be done with it

    el viaje en tren sale caro, y no hablemos ya del avión — going by train is expensive, and as for flying...

    hablar sobre or acerca de algo — to talk about something

    5) ( bajo coacción) to talk
    6)
    a) ( dar discurso) to speak

    el rey habló a la nación — the king spoke to o addressed the nation

    b) ( dirigirse a) to speak

    háblale de tú — use the `tú' form with him

    7)

    hablar de + inf — to talk of -ing, talk about -ing

    b) ( rumorear)

    se habla de que va a renunciar — it is said o rumored that she's going to resign

    8) (Méx) ( por teléfono) to call, phone
    2.
    hablar vt
    1) < idioma> to speak
    2) ( tratar)

    háblalo con ella — speak o talk to her about it

    3) (fam) ( decir)

    no hables disparates or tonterías — don't talk nonsense

    3.
    hablarse v pron

    no se habla con ella — he's not speaking o talking to her, he's not on speaking terms with her

    * * *
    = speak, talk, share + Posesivo + view, speak up, chat.

    Ex: If, however, you wish to speak another language with DOBIS/LIBIS, enter the name of that language in this field by typing over the language displayed.

    Ex: The philosophy was that every computer on the network would talk, as a peer, with any other computer.
    Ex: The aim is to encourage children to read more and to share their views on the books they read.
    Ex: 'When you've been here a while, you'll see that it's hard to avoid run-ins with her,' Lehmann spoke up.
    Ex: The guest might be better employed seeing small groups half a dozen or so for quarter of an hour, when they could chat about anything that crops up.
    * conseguir hablar con = catch up with.
    * dar de qué hablar = raise + eyebrows, fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * dar que hablar = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours, raise + eyebrows.
    * del que estamos hablando = in question.
    * empezar a hablar de = make + noises about, make + a noise about.
    * estar hablando del tema = be on the topic.
    * estrictamente hablando = strictly speaking.
    * extasiarse hablando de Algo = wax + lyrical, wax + rapturous.
    * forma de hablar = manner of speaking.
    * hablando de Roma, por la puerta asoma = speak of the devil, talk of the devil.
    * hablando en plata = crudely put.
    * hablando en términos muy generales = crudely put.
    * hablando figuradamente = figuratively speaking.
    * hablando por teléfono = on the line.
    * hablando sinceramente = straight talk.
    * hablando sin rodeos = crudely put.
    * hablando sin tapujos = straight talk.
    * hablar a = speak to.
    * hablar a calzón quitado = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * hablar a favor de = speak up for.
    * hablar alto = be loud.
    * hablar al unísono = speak with + one voice.
    * hablar antes de tiempo = speak too soon.
    * hablar bajo = speak + low.
    * hablar ceceando = lisp.
    * hablar claro = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * hablar como una cotorra = talk + Posesivo + socks off.
    * hablar con = check with, speak with, talk with, speak to.
    * hablar con diplomacia = say + the right thing.
    * hablar con entusiasmo = gush about.
    * hablar con la boca llena = speak with + Posesivo + mouth full, talk with + Posesivo + mouth full.
    * hablar con la nariz = talk through + Posesivo + nose.
    * hablar con lengua de serpiente = talk with + a twisted tongue, speak with + a twisted tongue, speak with + a split tongue, speak with + a forked tongue.
    * hablar con ritmo y rima = rap about.
    * hablar de = be on about, talk about, tell of.
    * hablar de boquilla = pay + lip service.
    * hablar del asunto con = take + the matter + up with.
    * hablar del mismo modo = talk + alike.
    * hablar del trabajo = talk + shop.
    * hablar despectivamente = speak + disparagingly.
    * hablar efusivamente = gush about.
    * hablar emotivamente y con efusividad = gush about.
    * hablar en contra de = speak against.
    * hablar en falso = speak with + a split tongue, speak with + a forked tongue, speak with + a twisted tongue.
    * hablar en favor de = put + a word in for.
    * hablar en lengua desconocida = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.
    * hablar en plata = put + it crudely.
    * hablar en público = public speaking, speak in + public.
    * hablar entre dientes = mumble, mutter.
    * hablar entre dientes sin ser entendido = mumble.
    * hablar en voz alta = talk in + a loud voice.
    * hablar en voz baja = whisper, speak + low.
    * hablar explícitamente = speak out.
    * hablar hasta por los codos = talk + Posesivo + socks off.
    * hablar hasta reventar = talk + Reflexivo + blue in the face.
    * hablar incoherentmente = babble.
    * hablar mal de = speak against, speak out against, speak + ill of, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, slate, diss.
    * hablar maravillas de = praise.
    * hablar más de la cuenta = shoot + Posesivo + mouth off.
    * hablar muy bien de = rave about, rant and rave.
    * hablar pestes = trash, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, rubbish.
    * hablar por hablar = waffle, talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * hablar por la nariz = talk through + Posesivo + nose.
    * hablar por los codos = talk + Posesivo + socks off, talk + Reflexivo + blue in the face.
    * hablar por Uno mismo = speak for + Reflexivo.
    * hablarse = on speaking terms.
    * hablarse bien de Algo o Alguien = be well spoken of.
    * hablar sin decir nada = waffle.
    * hablar sin parar = burble on.
    * hablar sin pensar = shoot from + the hip.
    * hablar sin ser entendido = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.
    * hablar sin ton ni son = talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * llevar a hablar de una cuestión = bring up + issue.
    * loro viejo no aprende a hablar = you can't teach an old dog new tricks, you can't teach an old dog new tricks.
    * ¡mira quién habla! = look who's talking!.
    * ¡ni hablar! = no dice!.
    * ¡ni hablar del caso! = no dice!.
    * persona que sólo habla una lengua = monoglot.
    * que habla en voz baja = quietly spoken.
    * saber de lo que Uno estar hablando = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * ser como hablar con la pared = be like talking to a brick wall.
    * volver a hablar innecesariamente = belabour [belabor, -USA].
    * ya hemos hablado bastante de = so much for.

    * * *
    hablar [A1 ]
    ■ hablar (verbo intransitivo)
    A articular palabras
    B
    1 expresarse
    2 hablar + complemento
    C
    1 conversar
    2 charlar
    3 murmurar
    4 en conversaciones telefónicas
    D tratar, referirse a
    E bajo coacción
    F
    1 dar un discurso
    2 dirigirse a
    G
    1 anunciar un propósito
    2 rumorear
    H recordar
    I tener relaciones
    J México: por teléfono
    ■ hablar (verbo transitivo)
    A hablar: idioma
    B tratar, consultar
    C decir
    ■ hablarse (verbo pronominal)
    vi
    hablar en voz baja to speak o talk quietly, to speak o talk in a low voice
    habla más alto speak up
    habla más bajo don't speak so loudly, keep your voice down
    habla con un deje andaluz she speaks with a slight Andalusian accent, she has a slight Andalusian accent
    quítate la mano de la boca y habla claro take your hand away from your mouth and speak clearly
    es muy pequeño, todavía no sabe hablar he's still a baby, he hasn't started to talk yet o he isn't talking yet
    no hables con la boca llena don't talk with your mouth full
    hablar por la nariz to have a nasal voice, to talk through one's nose
    es una réplica perfecta, sólo le falta hablar it's a perfect likeness, you almost expect it to start talking
    B
    1 (expresarse) to speak
    déjalo hablar a él ahora let him speak now, let him have his say now ( colloq)
    no hables hasta que no se te pregunte don't speak until you're spoken to
    habla claro ¿cuánto quieres? tell me straight, how much do you want? ( colloq)
    ha hablado la voz de la experiencia there speaks the voice of experience, he speaks from experience
    las cifras hablan por sí solas the figures speak for themselves
    no sabe de qué va el tema, el caso es hablar he doesn't know what it's all about but he just has to have his say
    en fin, mejor no hablar anyway, I'd better keep my mouth shut
    ¡así se habla! that's what I like to hear!
    hablo en mi nombre y en el de mis compañeros I speak for myself and for my colleagues
    tú no hables or no hace falta que hables ( fam); you're a fine one to talk! ( colloq), you've got no room to talk! ( colloq), you can talk! ( colloq)
    mira quién habla or quién fue a hablar ( fam); look o hark who's talking ( colloq)
    hablar por hablar: no sabe nada del tema, habla por hablar he doesn't know anything about the subject, he just likes the sound of his own voice o he just talks for the sake of it
    hacer hablar a algn: ve a hacerte la cama y no me hagas hablar go and make your bed, and don't let me have to tell you twice o tell you again
    quien mucho habla mucho yerra the more you talk, the more mistakes you'll make
    2 (+ complemento) to speak
    ¿en qué idioma hablan en casa? what language do you speak at home?
    hablar por señas to use sign language
    no sabe hablar en público she's no good at speaking in public
    aunque no coincido con sus ideas, reconozco que habla muy bien even though I do not share his views, I accept that he is a very good speaker
    (el) hablar bien no cuesta dinero being polite never hurt anybody
    C
    1 (conversar) to talk
    está hablando con el vecino de arriba he's talking o speaking to the man from upstairs
    se pasaron toda la noche hablando they spent the whole night talking o ( colloq) chatting
    estaba hablando conmigo mismo I was talking to myself
    lo conozco de vista, pero nunca he hablado con él I know him by sight, but I've never actually spoken to him
    tú y yo tenemos que hablar you and I must have a talk, you and I have to talk
    ¿podemos hablar a solas un momento? can I have a word with you in private?, can I talk to you alone for a moment?
    no te vayas, tengo que hablarte or tengo que hablar contigo don't go, I need to speak to you o have a word with you
    para hablar con el director hay que solicitar entrevista you have to get an appointment if you want to speak to o see the director
    habla tú con él, quizás a ti te escuche you talk to him, maybe he'll listen to you
    es como si estuviera hablando con las paredes it's like talking to a brick wall
    hablar por teléfono/por el celular ( AmL) or el móvil ( Esp) to talk on the phone/cell phone ( AmE) o mobile ( BrE)
    hablando se entiende la gente ( fr hecha); if you/they talk it over you'll/they'll sort it out
    ni hablar: pretende que cargue con su trabajo y de eso ni hablar he wants me to do his work but there's no way that I'm going to
    ¿estarías dispuesto a hacerlo? — ¡ni hablar! would you be willing to do it? — no way o not likely o no chance! ( colloq)
    2 (charlar) to talk
    nos castigaron por hablar en clase we were punished for talking in class
    se pasó el día habla que te habla she talked nonstop the whole day ( colloq)
    3 (murmurar) to talk
    no hagas caso, a la gente le gusta mucho hablar don't take any notice, people just like to talk o gossip
    dar que hablar: si sigues actuando de esa manera, vas a dar que hablar if you carry on like that, people will start talking o tongues will start to wag
    4
    (en conversaciones telefónicas): ¿quién habla? who's speaking o calling?
    ¿con quién hablo? who am I speaking with ( AmE) o ( BrE) speaking to?
    D (tratar, referirse a) hablar DE algo/algn to talk ABOUT sth/sb
    ¿de qué están hablando? what are you talking about?
    hay muchas cosas de las que no puedo hablar con ella there are a lot of things I can't talk to her about
    tú y yo no tenemos nada de que hablar you and I have nothing to say to each other o nothing to discuss
    se pasaron toda la tarde hablando de negocios they spent the whole evening talking (about) o discussing business
    precisamente hablábamos de ti we were just talking about you
    estaban hablando de él a sus espaldas they were talking about him behind his back
    siempre está hablando mal de su suegra he never has anything good o a good word to say about his mother-in-law
    lo dejamos en 10.000 y no se hable más (de ello) let's say 10,000 and be done with it
    el viaje en tren sale caro, y no hablemos ya del avión going by train is expensive, and as for flying …
    en su libro habla de un tiempo futuro en el que … in his book he writes about o speaks of a time in the future when …
    hablar SOBREor ACERCA de algo to talk ABOUT sth
    ya hablaremos sobre ese tema en el momento oportuno we'll talk about that when the time comes
    hablar DE algo/algn to talk ABOUT sth/sb
    tengo que hablarte de algo importante there's something important I have to talk to you about
    háblame de tus planes para el futuro tell me about your plans for the future
    no sé de qué me estás hablando I don't know what you're talking about
    me han hablado mucho de ese restaurante I've heard a lot about that restaurant
    me han hablado muy bien de él people speak very highly of him, I've heard a lot of nice o good things about him
    Laura me ha hablado mucho de ti Laura's told me a lot about you
    hablemos de usted let's talk about you
    le he hablado al director de tu caso I've mentioned your case to the director, I've spoken to the director about your case
    no lograron hacerlo hablar they couldn't get him to talk
    F
    esta noche hablará por la radio he will speak on the radio tonight
    el rey habló a la nación the king spoke to o addressed the nation
    2 (dirigirse a) to speak
    haz el favor de no hablarme en ese tono please don't talk o speak to me in that tone of voice, please don't use that tone of voice with me
    ¿qué manera es ésa de hablarle a tu madre? that's no way to speak to your mother!
    no le hables de tú don't use the `tu' form with o to him
    díselo tú porque a mí no me habla you tell him because he isn't talking o speaking to me
    lleva una semana sin hablarme he hasn't spoken to me for a week
    G
    1 (anunciar un propósito) hablar DE + INF to talk OF -ING, talk ABOUT -ING
    se está hablando de construir una carretera nueva they're talking of o about building a new road, there's talk of a new road being built
    mucho hablar de ahorrar y va y se compra esto all this talk of saving and he goes and buys this!
    2 (rumorear) hablar DE algo:
    se habla ya de miles de víctimas there is already talk of thousands of casualties
    se habla de que va a renunciar it is said o rumored that she's going to resign, they say o people say that she's going to resign
    H ( liter) (recordar) hablar DE algo:
    unos monumentos que hablan de la grandeza de aquella época monuments which tell of o reflect the grandeur of that era
    I ( ant) (tener relaciones) to court ( dated)
    J ( México) (por teléfono) to call, phone, ring ( BrE)
    te habló Laura Laura called o phoned o ( BrE) rang
    ■ hablar
    vt
    A ‹idioma› to speak
    habla el idioma con mucha soltura he speaks the language fluently
    [ S ] se habla español Spanish spoken
    B (tratar, consultar) to talk about, discuss
    háblalo con tu padre speak o talk to your father about it
    eso ya lo hablaremos más adelante we'll talk about that o discuss that later
    esto vamos a tener que hablarlo con más tiempo we're going to have to talk about o discuss this when we have more time
    ya está todo resuelto, no hay (nada) más que hablar it's all settled, there's nothing more to discuss o say
    C ( fam)
    (decir): no hables disparates or tonterías don't talk nonsense, don't talk garbage ( AmE colloq), don't talk rubbish ( BrE colloq)
    no habló ni una palabra en toda la reunión he didn't say a word throughout the whole meeting
    llevan meses sin hablarse they haven't spoken to each other for months
    ¿piensas seguir toda la vida sin hablarte con ella? are you never going to speak to her again?, aren't you ever going to talk to her again?
    * * *

     

    hablar ( conjugate hablar) verbo intransitivo
    1


    habla más bajo keep your voice down



    ( francamente) to speak frankly;

    un político que habla muy bien a politician who is a very good speaker;
    hablar por hablar to talk for the sake of it
    2


    tenemos que hablar we must (have a) talk;
    hablar con algn to speak o talk to sb;
    tengo que hablarte or que hablar contigo I need to speak to you o have a word with you;
    está hablando por teléfono he's on the phone;
    ¡ni hablar! no way! (colloq), no chance! (colloq)


    ◊ dar que hablar to start people talking

    d) ( rumorear):


    se habla de que va a renunciar it is said o rumored that she's going to resign

    ◊ ¿con quién hablo? who am I speaking with (AmE) o (BrE) speaking to?

    3
    a) (tratar, referirse a) hablar de algo/algn to talk about sth/sb;

    ◊ hablar de negocios to talk (about) o discuss business;

    siempre habla mal de ella he never has a good word to say about her;
    hablan muy bien de él people speak very highly of him;
    me ha hablado mucho de ti she's told me a lot about you;
    en tren sale caro, y no hablemos ya del avión going by train is expensive, and as for flying …;
    háblame de tus planes tell me about your plans;
    hablar sobre or acerca de algo to talk about sth


    háblale de tú use the `tú' form with him
    c) ( anunciar propósito) hablar de hacer algo to talk of doing sth;


    4 (Méx) ( por teléfono) to call, phone
    verbo transitivo
    1 ‹ idioma› to speak
    2 ( tratar):

    ya lo hablaremos más adelante we'll talk about o discuss that later
    hablarse verbo pronominal:

    no se habla con ella he's not speaking o talking to her, he's not on speaking terms with her
    hablar
    I verbo intransitivo
    1 to speak, talk: estaba hablando con Jorge, I was speaking to Jorge
    habla muy mal de su marido, she speaks badly of her husband
    2 (charlar) to talk, chat: le encanta hablar por teléfono, he loves chatting on the phone
    3 (tratar, versar) to talk about: este artículo habla de los extraterrestres, this article deals with aliens
    4 (referirse) no hablaba de ella, I wasn't talking about her
    habla de él como si de un dios se tratara, you would have thought she was talking about a god from the way she spoke about him
    II verbo transitivo
    1 (una lengua) to speak: habla francés, he speaks French
    2 (discutir, tratar) to talk over, discuss: háblalo con tu madre, talk it over with your mother
    no tengo nada que hablar contigo, I've nothing to say to you
    3 (decir) habla maravillas de su nuevo coche, he's raving on about his new car
    ♦ Locuciones: hablar en broma, to be joking
    familiar ¡mira tú quién fue a hablar!, look who's talking!
    ni hablar, certainly not

    ' hablar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abominar
    - acento
    - alquilar
    - alta
    - alto
    - ancha
    - ancho
    - balbucear
    - broma
    - caldo
    - callar
    - carrete
    - cascar
    - cerrada
    - cerrado
    - cerrarse
    - chistar
    - clara
    - claro
    - codo
    - como
    - contigo
    - correr
    - costar
    - dar
    - dejar
    - deshora
    - despepitarse
    - dialéctica
    - embalarse
    - en
    - enrollarse
    - extenderse
    - fanfarronear
    - gachó
    - gangosa
    - gangoso
    - habla
    - hablarse
    - impertinencia
    - imprudencia
    - íntima
    - íntimo
    - maravilla
    - murmurar
    - ni
    - palabra
    - parar
    - peluquín
    - permitir
    English:
    about
    - abruptly
    - admire
    - afraid
    - age
    - alone
    - approachable
    - babble
    - bitterly
    - blunt
    - bone
    - break off
    - breath
    - breathe
    - captivate
    - confidence
    - crack
    - croak
    - curt
    - delegation
    - directly
    - discuss
    - do
    - dog
    - drawl
    - drone
    - easy
    - evenly
    - fear
    - female
    - fluent
    - go on
    - gush
    - harp on
    - hear of
    - hot air
    - jabber
    - jaw
    - likely
    - male-dominated
    - mimic
    - mouth
    - mutter
    - nasally
    - need
    - nelly
    - nice
    - nonstop
    - oneself
    - pipe up
    * * *
    ♦ vi
    1. [emitir palabras] to speak;
    hablar en voz alta/baja to speak loudly/softly;
    el bebé ya habla the baby is talking already
    2. [expresarse, comunicarse] to speak;
    hablar claro to speak clearly;
    hablar en español/inglés to speak in Spanish/English;
    hablar por señas to use sign language;
    dejar hablar a alguien to let sb speak;
    déjame hablar a mí [como representante] let me do the talking;
    [en discusión] let me get a word in;
    hacer hablar a alguien [a tímido] to get sb talking;
    [en interrogatorio] to get sb to talk;
    hablar solo to talk to oneself;
    estos detalles hablan mucho del tipo de persona que es these small points say a lot about the sort of person she is;
    sus actos hablan por sí solos his actions speak for themselves;
    ¡así se habla! hear, hear!;
    ¡qué bien habla este político! this politician's a really good speaker;
    hablar por hablar to talk for the sake of talking;
    ¡mira quién habla o [m5] quién fue a hablar! look who's talking!
    3. [conversar] to talk ( con o Am a to), to speak ( con o Am a to);
    estaba hablando en broma I was only joking;
    ¿podemos hablar un momento? could I have a word with you?;
    estuvimos toda la noche hablando we talked all night, we spent all night talking;
    no debes hablar en clase you mustn't talk in class;
    necesito hablar contigo I need to talk o speak to you, we need to talk;
    hablé con ella ayer por la noche I spoke to her last night;
    ¿has hablado con él alguna vez? have you ever talked o spoken to him?;
    hablé con él por teléfono I spoke to him on the phone;
    está hablando por teléfono he's on the phone;
    ¡(de eso) ni hablar! no way!;
    4. [tratar]
    hablar de algo/alguien to talk o speak about sth/sb;
    hablar sobre o [m5] acerca de algo to talk o speak about sth;
    hablar bien/mal de to speak well/badly of;
    háblame de ti tell me about yourself;
    me han hablado muy bien de este restaurante I've heard a lot of good things about this restaurant, I've heard people speak very highly of this restaurant;
    mi hermano me ha hablado mucho de ti my brother's told me a lot about you;
    es mejor no hablar del tema it would be best if we didn't mention the subject;
    tenemos muy buenos tenistas, y no hablemos de futbolistas… we have very good tennis players, and as for footballers…
    5. [murmurar] to talk;
    hablar mal de alguien to criticize sb, to run sb down;
    siempre va hablando de los demás she's always going around saying things about o talking about other people;
    dar que hablar to make people talk
    6. [pronunciar un discurso] to speak;
    el presidente habló a las masas the president spoke to o addressed the masses
    7. [confesar] to talk;
    lo torturaron y al final habló they tortured him and in the end he talked
    8. [dar un tratamiento]
    me puedes hablar de tú you can address me as “tú”;
    ¡a mí no me hables así! don't you speak to me like that!
    ♦ vt
    1. [idioma] to speak;
    habla danés y sueco she can speak o she speaks Danish and Swedish;
    habla muy bien el portugués he speaks very good Portuguese
    2. [asunto] to discuss ( con with);
    es mejor que lo hables con el jefe it would be better if you talked to the boss about it;
    vamos a ir, y no hay nada más que hablar we're going, and that's that
    * * *
    v/i
    1 speak;
    hablar alto/bajo speak loudly/softly;
    hablar claro fig say what one means;
    hablar por sí solo fig speak for o.s.
    2 ( conversar) talk;
    hablar con alguien talk to s.o., talk with s.o.
    3
    :
    hablar de de libro etc be about, deal with
    4
    :
    ¡ni hablar! no way!;
    hablar por hablar talk for the sake of it;
    ¡mira quién habla! look who’s talking!;
    no me hagas hablar más I don’t want to have to say this again!;
    no se hable más (del asunto) I don’t want to hear anything more about it;
    por no hablar de … not to mention …
    * * *
    hablar vi
    1) : to speak, to talk
    hablar en broma: to be joking
    2)
    hablar de : to mention, to talk about
    3)
    dar que hablar : to make people talk
    hablar vt
    1) : to speak (a language)
    2) : to talk about, to discuss
    háblalo con tu jefe: discuss it with your boss
    * * *
    hablar vb
    1. (idiomas, por teléfono, dar un discurso) to speak [pt. spoke; pp. spoken]
    ¿hablas inglés? do you speak English?
    ¿puedo hablar con Javi? can I speak to Javi?
    2. (conversar) to talk
    ¡ni hablar! no way!

    Spanish-English dictionary > hablar

  • 46 Bramah, Joseph

    [br]
    b. 2 April 1749 Stainborough, Yorkshire, England
    d. 9 December 1814 Pimlico, London, England
    [br]
    English inventor of the second patented water-closet, the beer-engine, the Bramah lock and, most important, the hydraulic press.
    [br]
    Bramah was the son of a tenant farmer and was educated at the village school before being apprenticed to a local carpenter, Thomas Allot. He walked to London c.1773 and found work with a Mr Allen that included the repair of some of the comparatively rare water-closets of the period. He invented and patented one of his own, which was followed by a water cock in 1783. His next invention, a greatly improved lock, involved the devising of a number of special machine tools, for it was one of the first devices involving interchangeable components in its manufacture. In this he had the help of Henry Maudslay, then a young and unknown engineer, who became Bramah's foreman before setting up business on his own. In 1784 he moved his premises from Denmark Street, St Giles, to 124 Piccadilly, which was later used as a showroom when he set up a factory in Pimlico. He invented an engine for putting out fires in 1785 and 1793, in effect a reciprocating rotary-vane pump. He undertook the refurbishment and modernization of Norwich waterworks c.1793, but fell out with Robert Mylne, who was acting as Consultant to the Norwich Corporation and had produced a remarkably vague specification. This was Bramah's only venture into the field of civil engineering.
    In 1797 he acted as an expert witness for Hornblower \& Maberley in the patent infringement case brought against them by Boulton and Watt. Having been cut short by the judge, he published his proposed evidence in "Letter to the Rt Hon. Sir James Eyre, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas…etc". In 1795 he was granted his most important patent, based on Pascal's Hydrostatic Paradox, for the hydraulic press which also incorporated the concept of hydraulics for the transmission of both power and motion and was the foundation of the whole subsequent hydraulic industry. There is no truth in the oft-repeated assertion originating from Samuel Smiles's Industrial Biography (1863) that the hydraulic press could not be made to work until Henry Maudslay invented the self-sealing neck leather. Bramah used a single-acting upstroking ram, sealed only at its base with a U-leather. There was no need for a neck leather.
    He also used the concept of the weight-loaded, in this case as a public-house beer-engine. He devised machinery for carbonating soda water. The first banknote-numbering machine was of his design and was bought by the Bank of England. His development of a machine to cut twelve nibs from one goose quill started a patent specification which ended with the invention of the fountain pen, patented in 1809. His coach brakes were an innovation that was followed bv a form of hydropneumatic carriage suspension that was somewhat in advance of its time, as was his patent of 1812. This foresaw the introduction of hydraulic power mains in major cities and included the telescopic ram and the air-loaded accumulator.
    In all Joseph Bramah was granted eighteen patents. On 22 March 1813 he demonstrated a hydraulic machine for pulling up trees by the roots in Hyde Park before a large crowd headed by the Duke of York. Using the same machine in Alice Holt Forest in Hampshire to fell timber for ships for the Navy, he caught a chill and died soon after at his home in Pimlico.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1778, British patent no. 1177 (water-closet). 1784, British patent no. 1430 (Bramah Lock). 1795, British patent no. 2045 (hydraulic press). 1809, British patent no. 3260 (fountain pen). 1812, British patent no. 3611.
    Further Reading
    I.McNeil, 1968, Joseph Bramah, a Century of Invention.
    S.Smiles, 1863, Industrial Biography.
    H.W.Dickinson, 1942, "Joseph Bramah and his inventions", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 22:169–86.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Bramah, Joseph

  • 47 De Forest, Lee

    [br]
    b. 26 August 1873 Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA
    d. 30 June 1961 Hollywood, California, USA
    [br]
    American electrical engineer and inventor principally known for his invention of the Audion, or triode, vacuum tube; also a pioneer of sound in the cinema.
    [br]
    De Forest was born into the family of a Congregational minister that moved to Alabama in 1879 when the father became President of a college for African-Americans; this was a position that led to the family's social ostracism by the white community. By the time he was 13 years old, De Forest was already a keen mechanical inventor, and in 1893, rejecting his father's plan for him to become a clergyman, he entered the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. Following his first degree, he went on to study the propagation of electromagnetic waves, gaining a PhD in physics in 1899 for his thesis on the "Reflection of Hertzian Waves from the Ends of Parallel Wires", probably the first US thesis in the field of radio.
    He then joined the Western Electric Company in Chicago where he helped develop the infant technology of wireless, working his way up from a modest post in the production area to a position in the experimental laboratory. There, working alone after normal working hours, he developed a detector of electromagnetic waves based on an electrolytic device similar to that already invented by Fleming in England. Recognizing his talents, a number of financial backers enabled him to set up his own business in 1902 under the name of De Forest Wireless Telegraphy Company; he was soon demonstrating wireless telegraphy to interested parties and entering into competition with the American Marconi Company.
    Despite the failure of this company because of fraud by his partners, he continued his experiments; in 1907, by adding a third electrode, a wire mesh, between the anode and cathode of the thermionic diode invented by Fleming in 1904, he was able to produce the amplifying device now known as the triode valve and achieve a sensitivity of radio-signal reception much greater than possible with the passive carborundum and electrolytic detectors hitherto available. Patented under the name Audion, this new vacuum device was soon successfully used for experimental broadcasts of music and speech in New York and Paris. The invention of the Audion has been described as the beginning of the electronic era. Although much development work was required before its full potential was realized, the Audion opened the way to progress in all areas of sound transmission, recording and reproduction. The patent was challenged by Fleming and it was not until 1943 that De Forest's claim was finally recognized.
    Overcoming the near failure of his new company, the De Forest Radio Telephone Company, as well as unsuccessful charges of fraudulent promotion of the Audion, he continued to exploit the potential of his invention. By 1912 he had used transformer-coupling of several Audion stages to achieve high gain at radio frequencies, making long-distance communication a practical proposition, and had applied positive feedback from the Audion output anode to its input grid to realize a stable transmitter oscillator and modulator. These successes led to prolonged patent litigation with Edwin Armstrong and others, and he eventually sold the manufacturing rights, in retrospect often for a pittance.
    During the early 1920s De Forest began a fruitful association with T.W.Case, who for around ten years had been working to perfect a moving-picture sound system. De Forest claimed to have had an interest in sound films as early as 1900, and Case now began to supply him with photoelectric cells and primitive sound cameras. He eventually devised a variable-density sound-on-film system utilizing a glow-discharge modulator, the Photion. By 1926 De Forest's Phonofilm had been successfully demonstrated in over fifty theatres and this system became the basis of Movietone. Though his ideas were on the right lines, the technology was insufficiently developed and it was left to others to produce a system acceptable to the film industry. However, De Forest had played a key role in transforming the nature of the film industry; within a space of five years the production of silent films had all but ceased.
    In the following decade De Forest applied the Audion to the development of medical diathermy. Finally, after spending most of his working life as an independent inventor and entrepreneur, he worked for a time during the Second World War at the Bell Telephone Laboratories on military applications of electronics.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Institute of Electronic and Radio Engineers Medal of Honour 1922. President, Institute of Electronic and Radio Engineers 1930. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Edison Medal 1946.
    Bibliography
    1904, "Electrolytic detectors", Electrician 54:94 (describes the electrolytic detector). 1907, US patent no. 841,387 (the Audion).
    1950, Father of Radio, Chicago: WIlcox \& Follett (autobiography).
    De Forest gave his own account of the development of his sound-on-film system in a series of articles: 1923. "The Phonofilm", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 16 (May): 61–75; 1924. "Phonofilm progress", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 20:17–19; 1927, "Recent developments in the Phonofilm", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 27:64–76; 1941, "Pioneering in talking pictures", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 36 (January): 41–9.
    Further Reading
    G.Carneal, 1930, A Conqueror of Space (biography).
    I.Levine, 1964, Electronics Pioneer, Lee De Forest (biography).
    E.I.Sponable, 1947, "Historical development of sound films", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 48 (April): 275–303 (an authoritative account of De Forest's sound-film work, by Case's assistant).
    W.R.McLaurin, 1949, Invention and Innovation in the Radio Industry.
    C.F.Booth, 1955, "Fleming and De Forest. An appreciation", in Thermionic Valves 1904– 1954, IEE.
    V.J.Phillips, 1980, Early Radio Detectors, London: Peter Peregrinus.
    KF / JW

    Biographical history of technology > De Forest, Lee

  • 48 Fermi, Enrico

    [br]
    b. 29 September 1901 Rome, Italy
    d. 28 November 1954 Chicago, USA
    [br]
    Italian nuclear physicist.
    [br]
    Fermi was one of the most versatile of twentieth-century physicists, one of the few to excel in both theory and experiment. His greatest theoretical achievements lay in the field of statistics and his theory of beta decay. His statistics, parallel to but independent of Dirac, were the key to the modern theory of metals and the statistical modds of the atomic nucleus. On the experimental side, his most notable discoveries were artificial radioactivity produced by neutron bombardment and the realization of a controlled nuclear chain reaction, in the world's first nuclear reactor.
    Fermi received a conventional education with a chemical bias, but reached proficiency in mathematics and physics largely through his own reading. He studied at Pisa University, where he taught himself modern physics and then travelled to extend his knowledge, spending time with Max Born at Göttingen. On his return to Italy, he secured posts in Florence and, in 1927, in Rome, where he obtained the first Italian Chair in Theoretical Physics, a subject in which Italy had so far lagged behind. He helped to bring about a rebirth of physics in Italy and devoted himself to the application of statistics to his model of the atom. For this work, Fermi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1938, but in December of that year, finding the Fascist regime uncongenial, he transferred to the USA and Columbia University. The news that nuclear fission had been achieved broke shortly before the Second World War erupted and it stimulated Fermi to consider this a way of generating secondary nuclear emission and the initiation of chain reactions. His experiments in this direction led first to the discovery of slow neutrons.
    Fermi's work assumed a more practical aspect when he was invited to join the Manhattan Project for the construction of the first atomic bomb. His small-scale work at Columbia became large-scale at Chicago University. This culminated on 2 December 1942 when the first controlled nuclear reaction took place at Stagg Field, Chicago, an historic event indeed. Later, Fermi spent most of the period from September 1944 to early 1945 at Los Alamos, New Mexico, taking part in the preparations for the first test explosion of the atomic bomb on 16 July 1945. President Truman invited Fermi to serve on his Committee to advise him on the use of the bomb. Then Chicago University established an Institute for Nuclear Studies and offered Fermi a professorship, which he took up early in 1946, spending the rest of his relatively short life there.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Nobel Prize for Physics 1938.
    Bibliography
    1962–5, Collected Papers, ed. E.Segrè et al., 2 vols, Chicago (includes a biographical introduction and bibliography).
    Further Reading
    L.Fermi, 1954, Atoms in the Family, Chicago (a personal account by his wife).
    E.Segrè, 1970, Enrico Fermi, Physicist, Chicago (deals with the more scientific aspects of his life).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Fermi, Enrico

  • 49 Murdock (Murdoch), William

    [br]
    b. 21 August 1754 Cumnock, Ayrshire, Scotland
    d. 15 November 1839 Handsworth, Birmingham, England
    [br]
    Scottish engineer and inventor, pioneer in coal-gas production.
    [br]
    He was the third child and the eldest of three boys born to John Murdoch and Anna Bruce. His father, a millwright and joiner, spelled his name Murdock on moving to England. He was educated for some years at Old Cumnock Parish School and in 1777, with his father, he built a "wooden horse", supposed to have been a form of cycle. In 1777 he set out for the Soho manufactory of Boulton \& Watt, where he quickly found employment, Boulton supposedly being impressed by the lad's hat. This was oval and made of wood, and young William had turned it himself on a lathe of his own manufacture. Murdock quickly became Boulton \& Watt's representative in Cornwall, where there was a flourishing demand for steam-engines. He lived at Redruth during this period.
    It is said that a number of the inventions generally ascribed to James Watt are in fact as much due to Murdock as to Watt. Examples are the piston and slide valve and the sun-and-planet gearing. A number of other inventions are attributed to Murdock alone: typical of these is the oscillating cylinder engine which obviated the need for an overhead beam.
    In about 1784 he planned a steam-driven road carriage of which he made a working model. He also planned a high-pressure non-condensing engine. The model carriage was demonstrated before Murdock's friends and travelled at a speed of 6–8 mph (10–13 km/h). Boulton and Watt were both antagonistic to their employees' developing independent inventions, and when in 1786 Murdock set out with his model for the Patent Office, having received no reply to a letter he had sent to Watt, Boulton intercepted him on the open road near Exeter and dissuaded him from going any further.
    In 1785 he married Mary Painter, daughter of a mine captain. She bore him four children, two of whom died in infancy, those surviving eventually joining their father at the Soho Works. Murdock was a great believer in pneumatic power: he had a pneumatic bell-push at Sycamore House, his home near Soho. The pattern-makers lathe at the Soho Works worked for thirty-five years from an air motor. He also conceived the idea of a vacuum piston engine to exhaust a pipe, later developed by the London Pneumatic Despatch Company's railway and the forerunner of the atmospheric railway.
    Another field in which Murdock was a pioneer was the gas industry. In 1791, in Redruth, he was experimenting with different feedstocks in his home-cum-office in Cross Street: of wood, peat and coal, he preferred the last. He designed and built in the backyard of his house a prototype generator, washer, storage and distribution plant, and publicized the efficiency of coal gas as an illuminant by using it to light his own home. In 1794 or 1795 he informed Boulton and Watt of his experimental work and of its success, suggesting that a patent should be applied for. James Watt Junior was now in the firm and was against patenting the idea since they had had so much trouble with previous patents and had been involved in so much litigation. He refused Murdock's request and for a short time Murdock left the firm to go home to his father's mill. Boulton \& Watt soon recognized the loss of a valuable servant and, in a short time, he was again employed at Soho, now as Engineer and Superintendent at the increased salary of £300 per year plus a 1 per cent commission. From this income, he left £14,000 when he died in 1839.
    In 1798 the workshops of Boulton and Watt were permanently lit by gas, starting with the foundry building. The 180 ft (55 m) façade of the Soho works was illuminated by gas for the Peace of Paris in June 1814. By 1804, Murdock had brought his apparatus to a point where Boulton \& Watt were able to canvas for orders. Murdock continued with the company after the death of James Watt in 1819, but retired in 1830 and continued to live at Sycamore House, Handsworth, near Birmingham.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Royal Society Rumford Gold Medal 1808.
    Further Reading
    S.Smiles, 1861, Lives of the Engineers, Vol. IV: Boulton and Watt, London: John Murray.
    H.W.Dickinson and R.Jenkins, 1927, James Watt and the Steam Engine, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    J.A.McCash, 1966, "William Murdoch. Faithful servant" in E.G.Semler (ed.), The Great Masters. Engineering Heritage, Vol. II, London: Institution of Mechanical Engineers/Heinemann.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Murdock (Murdoch), William

  • 50 Д-286

    ПРОКЛАДЫВАТЬ/ПРОЛОЖИТЬ СЕБЕ ДО-РОГУ VP
    1. (subj: human or collect) (in refer, to physical movement) to push ahead aggressively, removing obstacles or overcoming opposition as one goes
    X проложил себе дорогу = X forced (made, fought) his way through.
    Растопчин рассказывал про то, как русские были смяты бежавшими австрийцами и должны были штыком прокладывать себе дорогу сквозь беглецов (Толстой 5). Rostopchin was describing how the Russians had been overwhelmed by fleeing Austrians, and had to force their way through them with bayonets (5a).
    2. (subj: human (to strive) to achieve a good position in some field, success in life
    X прокладывает себе дорогу = X is making (trying to make) his (own) way (in the world (in life))
    X is trying to get somewhere in life.
    В станкевичевском кругу только он и Боткин были достаточные и совершенно обеспеченные люди. Другие представляли самый разнообразный пролетариат... Вероятно, каждому из них отец с матерью, благословляя на жизнь, говорили - и кто осмелится упрекнуть их за это? - «Ну, смотри же, учись хорошенько а выучишься, прокладывай себе дорогу, тебе неоткуда ждать наследства...» (Герцен 2). In Stankevich's circle only he and Botkin were well-to-do and completely free from financial anxieties. The others made up a very mixed proletariat.... Probably the father and mother of each one of them when giving him their blessing had said—and who will presume to reproach them for it-"Come, mind you work hard at your books, and when you've done with your studying you must make your own way, there's nobody you can expect to leave you anything..." (2a).
    «Пётр Петрович и не скрывает, что учился на медные деньги, и даже хвалится тем, что сам себе дорогу проложил», - заметила Авдотья Романовна... (Достоевский 3). "Pyotr Petrovich makes it no secret that he had to scrape up pennies for his education, and even boasts of having made his own way in life," Avdotya Romanovna remarked... (3c).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Д-286

  • 51 прокладывать себе дорогу

    • ПРОКЛАДЫВАТЬ/ПРОЛОЖИТЬ СЕБЕ ДОРОГУ
    [VP]
    =====
    1. [subj: human or collect]
    ⇒ (in refer, to physical movement) to push ahead aggressively, removing obstacles or overcoming opposition as one goes:
    - X проложил себе дорогу≈ X forced (made, fought) his way through.
         ♦ Растопчин рассказывал про то, как русские были смяты бежавшими австрийцами и должны были штыком прокладывать себе дорогу сквозь беглецов (Толстой 5). Rostopchin was describing how the Russians had been overwhelmed by fleeing Austrians, and had to force their way through them with bayonets (5a).
    2. [subj: human]
    ⇒ (to strive) to achieve a good position in some field, success in life:
    - X прокладывает себе дорогу≈ X is making (trying to make) his (own) way (in the world < in life>);
    - X is trying to get somewhere in life.
         ♦ В станкевичевском кругу только он и Боткин были достаточные и совершенно обеспеченные люди. Другие представляли самый разнообразный пролетариат... Вероятно, каждому из них отец с матерью, благословляя на жизнь, говорили - и кто осмелится упрекнуть их за это? - "Ну, смотри же, учись хорошенько; а выучишься, прокладывай себе дорогу, тебе неоткуда ждать наследства..." (Герцен 2). In Stankevich's circle only he and Botkin were well-to-do and completely free from financial anxieties. The others made up a very mixed proletariat.... Probably the father and mother of each one of them when giving him their blessing had said - and who will presume to reproach them for it-"Come, mind you work hard at your books; and when you've done with your studying you must make your own way, there's nobody you can expect to leave you anything..." (2a).
         ♦ "Пётр Петрович и не скрывает, что учился на медные деньги, и даже хвалится тем, что сам себе дорогу проложил", - заметила Авдотья Романовна... (Достоевский 3). "Pyotr Petrovich makes it no secret that he had to scrape up pennies for his education, and even boasts of having made his own way in life," Avdotya Romanovna remarked... (3c).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > прокладывать себе дорогу

  • 52 проложить себе дорогу

    • ПРОКЛАДЫВАТЬ/ПРОЛОЖИТЬ СЕБЕ ДОРОГУ
    [VP]
    =====
    1. [subj: human or collect]
    ⇒ (in refer, to physical movement) to push ahead aggressively, removing obstacles or overcoming opposition as one goes:
    - X проложил себе дорогу≈ X forced (made, fought) his way through.
         ♦ Растопчин рассказывал про то, как русские были смяты бежавшими австрийцами и должны были штыком прокладывать себе дорогу сквозь беглецов (Толстой 5). Rostopchin was describing how the Russians had been overwhelmed by fleeing Austrians, and had to force their way through them with bayonets (5a).
    2. [subj: human]
    ⇒ (to strive) to achieve a good position in some field, success in life:
    - X прокладывает себе дорогу≈ X is making (trying to make) his (own) way (in the world < in life>);
    - X is trying to get somewhere in life.
         ♦ В станкевичевском кругу только он и Боткин были достаточные и совершенно обеспеченные люди. Другие представляли самый разнообразный пролетариат... Вероятно, каждому из них отец с матерью, благословляя на жизнь, говорили - и кто осмелится упрекнуть их за это? - "Ну, смотри же, учись хорошенько; а выучишься, прокладывай себе дорогу, тебе неоткуда ждать наследства..." (Герцен 2). In Stankevich's circle only he and Botkin were well-to-do and completely free from financial anxieties. The others made up a very mixed proletariat.... Probably the father and mother of each one of them when giving him their blessing had said - and who will presume to reproach them for it-"Come, mind you work hard at your books; and when you've done with your studying you must make your own way, there's nobody you can expect to leave you anything..." (2a).
         ♦ "Пётр Петрович и не скрывает, что учился на медные деньги, и даже хвалится тем, что сам себе дорогу проложил", - заметила Авдотья Романовна... (Достоевский 3). "Pyotr Petrovich makes it no secret that he had to scrape up pennies for his education, and even boasts of having made his own way in life," Avdotya Romanovna remarked... (3c).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > проложить себе дорогу

  • 53 Dancer, John Benjamin

    [br]
    b. 1812 England
    d. 1887 England
    [br]
    English instrument maker and photographer, pioneer of microphotography.
    [br]
    The son of a scientific instrument maker, Dancer was educated privately in Liverpool, where from 1817 his father practised his trade. John Benjamin became a skilled instrument maker in his own right, assisting in the family business until his father's death in 1835. He set up on his own in Liverpool in 1840 and in Manchester in 1841. In the course of his career Dancer made instruments for several of the leading scientists of the day, his clients including Brewster, Dalton and Joule.
    Dancer became interested in photography as soon as the new art was announced in 1839 and practised the processes of both Talbot and Daguerre. It was later claimed that as early as 1839 he used an achromatic lens combination to produce a minute image on a daguerreotype plate, arguably the world's first microphotograph and the precursor of modern microfilm. It was not until the introduction of Archer's wet-collodion process in 1851 that Dancer was able to perfect the technique however. He went on to market a long series of microphotographs which proved extremely popular with both the public and contemporary photographers. It was examples of Dancer's microphotographs that prompted the French photographer Dagron to begin his work in the same field. In 1853 Dancer constructed a binocular stereoscopic camera, the first practicable instrument of its type. In an improved form it was patented and marketed in 1856.
    Dancer also made important contributions to the magic lantern. He was the first to suggest the use of limelight as an illuminant, pioneered the use of photographic lantern slides and devised an ingenious means of switching gas from one lantern illuminant to another to produce what were known as dissolving views. He was a resourceful innovator in other fields of instrumentation and suggested several other minor improvements to scientific apparatus before his working life was sadly terminated by the loss of his sight.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Anon., 1973, "John Benjamin Dancer, originator of microphotography", British Journal of Photography (16 February): 139–41.
    H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London.
    JW

    Biographical history of technology > Dancer, John Benjamin

  • 54 машинное оборудование

    1. machinery

     

    машинное оборудование
    термин " машинное оборудование" означает:
    - сборочную единицу, состоящую из соединенных частей или компонентов, по крайней мере, одна из которых находится в движении, имеет соответствующие приводы, схему управления, цепь питания, и т.д., соединенные вместе с целью специального применения, в частности, для производства, обработки, перемещения или упаковки материала;
    - группу машин, которые для достижения той же цели организованы и управляется таким образом, что они функционируют как единое целое;
    - взаимозаменяемое оборудование, модифицирующее функции машины, которое отдельно поставляется на рынок и предназначено для установки на машине или на серии различных машин или на приводном устройстве самим оператором, при условии, что данное оборудование не является запасной частью или инструментом.
    [Директива 98/37/ЕЭС по машинному оборудованию]

    EN

    machinery
    ‘machinery’ means:
    — an assembly of linked parts or components, at least one of which moves, with the appropriate
    actuators, control and power circuits, etc., joined together for a specific application, in particular
    for the processing, treatment, moving or packaging of a material,
    — an assembly of machines which, in order to achieve the same end, are arranged and controlled so that they function as an integral whole,
    — interchangeable equipment modifying the function of a machine, which is placed on the market for the purpose of being assembled with a machine or a series of different machines or with a tractor by the operator himself in so far as this equipment is not a spare part or a tool
    [DIRECTIVE 98/37/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    3. The following are excluded from the scope of this Directive:

    3. Из области применения данной Директивы исключаются:

    — machinery whose only power source is directly applied manual effort, unless it is a machine used for lifting or lowering loads,

    - машинное оборудование, для которых источником энергии является исключительно непосредственное применение ручной силы, за исключением механизмов для подъема и опускания грузов;

    — machinery for medical use used in direct contact with patients,

    - медицинские приборы;

    — special equipment for use in fairgrounds and/or amusement parks,

    - специальное оборудование для использования в аттракционах и/или парках для развлечений;

    — steam boilers, tanks and pressure vessels,

    - паровые котлы, резервуары и сосуды под давлением;

    — machinery specially designed or put into service for nuclear purposes which, in the event of failure, may result in an emission of radioactivity,

    - машинное оборудование, специально сконструированное или используемое в атомной отрасли, которые в случае аварии могут привести к выделению радиоактивных веществ;

    — radioactive sources forming part of a machine,

    - радиоактивные источники, составляющие часть машин;

    — firearms,

    - стрелковое оружие;

    — storage tanks and pipelines for petrol, diesel fuel, inflammable liquids and dangerous substances,

    - емкости для хранения или трубопроводы для бензина, дизельного топлива, огнеопасных жидкостей и опасных веществ;

    — means of transport, i.e. vehicles and their trailers intended solely for transporting passengers by air or on road, rail or water networks, as well as means of transport in so far as such means are designed for transporting goods by air, on public road or rail networks or on water. Vehicles used in the mineral extraction industry shall not be excluded,

    - транспортные средства, т.е. средства перевозки и их прицепы, предназначенные исключительно для перевозки пассажиров по воздуху, автодороге, железной дороге, или водными путями, а также транспортные средства, сконструированные для транспортировки грузов по воздуху, по общедоступным дорогам, железным дорогам или водным путям. Средства транспортировки, используемые в горнодобывающей промышленности, не исключаются из области применения настоящей Директивы;

    — seagoing vessels and mobile offshore units together with equipment on board such vessels or units,

    - морские суда и мобильные береговые агрегаты вместе с оборудованием на борту, такие как танки или установки;

    — cableways, including funicular railways, for the public or private transportation of persons,

    - канатные дороги, включая фуникулерные железные дороги для общественного или частного пользования, предназначенные для транспортировки людей;

    — agricultural and forestry tractors, as defined in Article 1(1) of Directive 74/150/EEC (1),

    (1) Council Directive 74/150/EEC of 4 March 1974 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (OJ L 84, 28.3.1974, p. 10). Directive as last amended by Decision 95/1/EC, Euratom, ECSC (OJ L 1.1.1995, p. 1).

    -сельскохозяйственные и лесные тракторы, подпадающие под определение статьи 1 (1) Директивы Совета 74/150/ЕЭС(1);

    (1) Директива Совета 74/150/ЕЭС от 4 марта 1974 г. по сближению законодательных актов Государств-членов, относящихся к одобрению типов колесных сельскохозяйственных или лесных тракторов (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 84, 28.3.1974 г., стр.10). Директива, измененная последний раз Решением 95/1/ЕЭС, Евроатом, ECSC (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 1/1/1995 г., стр 1)

    — machines specially designed and constructed for military or police purposes,

    - машины, специально сконструированные и созданные для военных и полицейских целей;

    — lifts which permanently serve specific levels of buildings and constructions, having a car moving between guides which are rigid and inclined at an angle of more than 15 degrees to the horizontal and designed for the transport of:
    (i) persons;
    (ii) persons and goods;
    (iii) goods alone if the car is accessible, that is to say, a person may enter it without difficulty, and fitted with controls situated inside the car or within reach of a person inside,

    - лифты и подъемные устройства, постоянно обслуживающие определенные уровни зданий и конструкций, имеющие транспортную тележку, движущуюся между жесткими направляющими, которые имеют угол наклона более 15 градусов к горизонтальной поверхности и сконструированы для транспортировки:
    (i) людей;
    (ii) людей и имущества;
    (iii) только имущества, в том случае, если кабина лифта открыта, т.е. человек может легко войти в такое транспортное средство и манипулировать средствами управления, находящимися внутри кабины или в пределах досягаемости для человека;

    — means of transport of persons using rack and pinion rail mounted vehicles,

    - транспортные средства для перевозки людей, с использованием зубчатых или реечных рельс, по которым перемещается транспортные средства;

    — mine winding gear,

    - шахтные канатные подъемные устройства;

    — theatre elevators,

    - театральные подъемники;

    — construction site hoists intended for lifting persons or persons and goods.

    - строительные подъемники, предназначенные для подъема людей или людей и грузов.

    4. Where, for machinery or safety components, the risks referred to in this Directive are wholly or partly covered by specific Community Directives, this Directive shall not apply, or shall cease to apply, in the case of such machinery or safety components and of such risks on the implementation of these specific Directives.

    4. Когда для машинного оборудования и компонентов безопасности риски, определенные в настоящей Директиве, полностью или частично покрываются специальными Директивами Сообщества, настоящая Директива не применяется или прекращает свое действие, такое машинное оборудование и компоненты безопасности и такие риски подпадают под действие этих специальных Директив.

    5. Where, for machinery, the risks are mainly of electrical origin, such machinery shall be covered exclusively by Directive 73/23/EEC (2).

    (2) Council Directive 73/23/EEC of 19 February 1973 on the harmonisation of the laws of Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits (OJ L 77, 26.3.1973, p. 29). Directive as last amended by Directive 93/68/EEC (OJ L 220, 30.8.1993, p. 1).

    5. Когда риски применения машинного оборудования связаны с электрическими источниками, то такое оборудование охватываются исключительно Директивой 73/23/ЕЭС(2).

    (2) Директива Совета 73/23/ЕЭС/ от 19 февраля 1973 года о гармонизации законов Государств-Участников в отношении электрооборудования, предназначенного для использования в условиях определенных пределов напряжения (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 77, 26.03.1973, стр. 29). Директива с последней поправкой Директивой 93/68/ЕЭС (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 220, 30.08.1993, стр.1).

    Article 2
    1. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that machinery or safety components covered by this Directive may be placed on the market and put into service only if they do not endanger the health or safety of persons and, where appropriate, domestic animals or property, when properly installed and maintained and used for their intended purpose.

    Статья 2
    1. Государства - члены должны предпринимать все необходимые меры для обеспечения того, чтобы машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности, попадающие под действие настоящей Директивы, поставлялись на рынок и вводились в эксплуатацию, только если они не составляют угрозу для здоровья и безопасности людей и домашних животных, или имуществу при условии надлежащей установки и обслуживания, а также использования по прямому назначению.

    2. This Directive shall not affect Member States’ entitlement to lay down, in due observance of the Treaty, such requirements as they may deem necessary to ensure that persons and in particular workers are protected when using the machinery or safety components in question, provided that this does not mean that the machinery or safety components are modified in a way not specified in the Directive.

    2. Настоящая Директива не ограничивает права Государств - членов устанавливать при должном соблюдении Договора такие требования, которые они посчитают необходимыми для обеспечения защиты людей, особенно работников, при использовании машинного оборудования или компонентов безопасности, при условии, что модификация такого машинного оборудования и компонентов безопасности была произведена в соответствии с положениями настоящей Директивы.

    3. At trade fairs, exhibitions, demonstrations, etc., Member States shall not prevent the showing of machinery or safety components which do not conform to the provisions of this Directive, provided that a visible sign clearly indicates that such machinery or safety components do not conform and that they are not for sale until they have been brought into conformity by the manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community. During demonstrations, adequate safety measures shall be taken to ensure the protection of persons.

    3. На торговых ярмарках, выставках, демонстрациях и т.п. Государства - члены не должны препятствовать демонстрации машинного оборудования или компонентов безопасности, которые не соответствуют положениям настоящей Директивы, при условии, что видимый знак четко указывает, что такое машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности не соответствуют данной Директиве, и что они не предназначаются для продажи до тех пор, пока изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе не приведет их в полное соответствие с Директивой. Во время демонстраций должны приниматься адекватные меры для обеспечения безопасности граждан.

    Article 3
    Machinery and safety components covered by this Directive shall satisfy the essential health and safety requirements set out in Annex I.

    Статья 3
    Машинное оборудование, а также компоненты безопасности, относящиеся к области действия настоящей Директивы, должны полностью удовлетворять основным требованиям по обеспечению здоровья и безопасности, изложенным в Приложении 1.

    Article 4
    1. Member States shall not prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market and putting into service in their territory of machinery and safety components which comply with this Directive.

    Статья 4
    1. Государства - члены не должны запрещать, ограничивать или препятствовать поставке на рынок машинного оборудования, а также компонентов безопасности, которые соответствуют
    требованиям настоящей Директивы.

    2. Member States shall not prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market of machinery where the manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community declares in accordance with point B of Annex II that it is intended to be incorporated into machinery or assembled with other machinery to constitute machinery covered by this Directive, except where it can function independently.

    ‘Interchangeable equipment’, as referred to in the third indent of Article 1(2)(a), must in all cases bear the CE marking and be accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity referred to in Annex II, point A.

    2. Государства - члены не должны запрещать, ограничивать или препятствовать поставке на рынок машинного оборудования, если изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе заявляет в соответствии с Приложением II B, что они предназначены для включения в машинное оборудование или компоноваться с другим оборудованием, так, что в соединении они составят машинное оборудование, отвечающее требованиям настоящей Директивы, за исключением тех случаев, когда они могут функционировать независимо.

    "Взаимозаменяемое оборудование" в смысле третьего абзаца с черточкой в Статье 1 (2) (a) должно во всех случаях иметь маркировку "СЕ" и сопровождаться декларацией соответствия, определенной в Приложении II, пункте А.

    3. Member States may not prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market of safety components as defined in Article 1(2) where they are accompanied by an EC declaration of conformity by the manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community as referred to in Annex II, point C.

    3. Государства - члены не имеют права запрещать, ограничивать или препятствовать распространению на рынке компонентов безопасности, определенных Статьей 1 (2), если эти компоненты сопровождаются декларацией соответствия ЕС, заявленной изготовителем или его уполномоченным представителем в Сообществе, как определено в Приложении II, пункте С.

    Article 5
    1. Member States shall regard the following as conforming to all the provisions of this Directive, including the procedures for checking the conformity provided for in Chapter II:
    — machinery bearing the CE marking and accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity referred to in Annex II, point A,
    — safety components accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity referred to in Annex II, point C.

    Статья 5
    1. Государства - члены должны считать нижеследующее соответствующим всем положениям настоящей Директивы, включая процедуры проверки соответствия, предусмотренной в Главе II:
    - машинное оборудование, имеющее маркировку "СЕ" и сопровождаемое декларацией соответствия ЕС, как указано в Приложении II, пункте A;
    - компоненты безопасности, сопровождаемые декларацией соответствия ЕС, как указано в Приложении II, пункте C.

    При отсутствии гармонизированных стандартов Государства - члены должны предпринимать любые меры, которые они сочтут необходимыми, для привлечения внимания заинтересованных сторон к существующим национальным техническим стандартам и спецификациям, которые считаются важными или относятся к выполнению основных требований по обеспечению здоровья и безопасности в соответствии с Приложением 1.

    2. Where a national standard transposing a harmonised standard, the reference for which has been published in the Official Journal of the European Communities, covers one or more of the essential safety requirements, machinery or safety components constructed in accordance with this standard shall be presumed to comply with the relevant essential requirements.
    Member States shall publish the references of national standards transposing harmonised standards.

    2. В тех случаях, когда национальный стандарт, заменяющий гармонизированный стандарт, ссылка на который была опубликована в Официальном журнале Европейских сообществ, покрывает одно или несколько основных требований безопасности, машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности, сконструированные в соответствии с таким стандартом, должны считаться соответствующими основным требованиям.
    Государства - члены должны публиковать ссылки на национальные стандарты, заменяющие гармонизированные стандарты.

    3. Member States shall ensure that appropriate measures are taken to enable the social partners to have an influence at national level on the process of preparing and monitoring the harmonised standards.

    3. Государства - члены должны обеспечивать принятие необходимых мер для того, чтобы их социальные партнеры получали возможность влиять на национальном уровне на процессы подготовки и отслеживания гармонизированных стандартов.

    Article 6
    1. Where a Member State or the Commission considers that the harmonised standards referred to in Article 5(2) do not entirely satisfy the essential requirements referred to in Article 3, the Commission or the Member State concerned shall bring the matter before the committee set up under Directive 83/189/EEC, giving the reasons therefor. The committee shall deliver an opinion without delay.
    Upon receipt of the committee’s opinion, the Commission shall inform the Member States whether or not it is necessary to withdraw those standards from the published information referred to in Article 5(2).

    Статья 6
    1. В случае, если Государство - член или Комиссия считают, что гармонизированные стандарты, рассмотренные в Статье 5 (2), не полностью соответствуют основным требованиям, определенным в Статье 3, Комиссия или заинтересованное Государство - член должны поставить этот вопрос на рассмотрение комитета, созданного в соответствии с Директивой 83/189/ЕЭС, обосновав причины такого обращения. Комитет должен безотлагательно вынести решение.
    После получения такого решения комитета Комиссия должна информировать Государства – члены, необходимо или нет отозвать эти стандарты из опубликованной информации, определенной в Статье 5 (2).

    2. A standing committee shall be set up, consisting of representatives appointed by the Member States and chaired by a representative of the Commission.

    The standing committee shall draw up its own rules of procedure.

    Any matter relating to the implementation and practical application of this Directive may be brought before the standing committee, in accordance with the following procedure:

    The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of the measures to be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft, within a time limit which the chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter, if necessary by taking a vote.

    The opinion shall be recorded in the minutes; in addition, each Member State shall have the right to ask to have its position recorded in the minutes.
    The Commission shall take the utmost account of the opinion delivered by the committee.
    It shall inform the committee of the manner in which its opinion has been taken into account.

    2. Должен быть создан постоянно действующий комитет, состоящий из представителей, назначенных Государствами – членами, и возглавляемый представителем Комиссии.

    Постоянно действующий комитет будет сам устанавливать порядок действий и процедуры.

    Любой вопрос, относящийся к выполнению и практическому применению настоящей Директивы, может быть поставлен на рассмотрение постоянно действующего комитета, в соответствии со следующими правилами:

    Представитель Комиссии должен представить комитету проект предполагаемых к принятию мер. Комитет должен выразить свое мнение по проекту за время, установленное председателем в соответствии со срочностью вопроса, при необходимости определяемого путем голосования.

    Это мнение должно быть зафиксировано в протоколе; кроме того, каждое Государство - член имеет право потребовать отразить свою позицию в протоколе. Комиссия должна максимально учитывать мнение, вынесенное комитетом.
    Она должна проинформировать комитет, каким образом было учтено его мнение.

    Article 7
    1. Where a Member State ascertains that:
    — machinery bearing the CE marking, or
    — safety components accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity, used in accordance with their intended purpose are liable to endanger the safety of persons, and, where appropriate, domestic animals or property, it shall take all appropriate measures to withdraw such machinery or safety components from the market, to prohibit the placing on the market, putting into service or use thereof, or to restrict free movement thereof.

    Member States shall immediately inform the Commission of any such measure, indicating the reason for its decision and, in particular, whether non-conformity is due to:
    (a) failure to satisfy the essential requirements referred to in Article 3;
    (b) incorrect application of the standards referred to in Article 5(2);
    (c) shortcomings in the standards themselves referred to in Article 5(2).

    Статья 7
    1. Если Государство - член устанавливает, что:
    - машинное оборудование, имеющее маркировку "СЕ", либо
    - компоненты безопасности, сопровождаемые декларацией соответствия ЕС, используемые в соответствии с их назначением, могут нести угрозу безопасности людям, и, если это имеет место, домашним животным или собственности, оно должно принять все необходимые меры для изъятия такого машинного оборудования, либо компонентов безопасности с рынка, запретить их поставку на рынок, ввод в эксплуатацию или использование, либо ограничить их свободное обращение.

    Государства - члены должны немедленно информировать Комиссию о любых подобных мерах, указать причины такого решения и, в особенности, информировать о том, явилось ли это несоответствие результатом:
    a) неспособности удовлетворить основным требованиям, определенным в Статье 3;
    b) неправильного применения стандартов, определенных в Статье 5 (п.2);
    c) недостатков самих стандартов, определенных в Статье 5 (п. 2).

    2. The Commission shall enter into consultation with the parties concerned without delay. Where the Commission considers, after this consultation, that the measure is justified, it shall immediately so inform the Member State which took the initiative and the other Member States. Where the Commission considers, after this consultation, that the action is unjustified, it shall immediately so inform the Member State which took the initiative and the manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Community.

    Where the decision referred to in paragraph 1 is based on a shortcoming in the standards, and where the Member State at the origin of the decision maintains its position, the Commission shall immediately inform the committee in order to initiate the procedures referred to in Article 6(1).

    2. Комиссия должна безотлагательно провести консультацию с заинтересованными сторонами. В случае, если после проведения такой консультации, Комиссия полагает, что такая мера обоснована, она должна немедленно информировать об этом Государство - член, которое выдвинуло эту инициативу, а также остальные Государства - члены. Если Комиссия после проведения такой консультации полагает, что действия не были обоснованными, она немедленно извещает об этом Государство - член, проявившее инициативу, и изготовителя, либо его уполномоченного представителя в Сообществе.

    Если решение, указанное в параграфе 1, основано на недостатках в стандартах, и если Государство - член на основании такого решения сохраняет свои позиции, то Комиссия должна немедленно информировать комитет для того, чтобы начать процедуры, описанные в Статье 6 (п. 1).

    3. Where:
    — machinery which does not comply bears the CE marking,
    — a safety component which does not comply is accompanied by an EC declaration of conformity,
    the competent Member State shall take appropriate action against whom so ever has affixed the marking or drawn up the declaration and shall so inform the Commission and other Member States.

    3. Если:
    - машинное оборудование, не соответствующие требованиям, имеют маркировку "СЕ",
    - компоненты безопасности, не соответствующие требованиям, имеют декларацию соответствия ЕС,
    компетентное Государство - член должно начать соответствующие действия против любого, кто поставил маркировку, или составил декларацию, и должно проинформировать об этом Комиссию и другие Государства - члены.

    4. The Commission shall ensure that Member States are kept informed of the progress and outcome of this procedure.

    4. Комиссия должна обеспечить, чтобы Государства – члены были постоянно информированы о ходе и результатах данной процедуры.

    CHAPTER II
    CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
    Article 8
    1. The manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community must, in order to certify that machinery and safety components are in conformity with this Directive, draw up for all machinery or safety components manufactured an EC declaration of conformity based on the model given in Annex II, point A or C as appropriate.

    In addition, for machinery alone, the manufacturer or his authorised representatives established in the Community must affix to the machine the CE marking.

    Глава II
    Процедуры оценки соответствия
    Статья 8
    1. Для подтверждения того, что машинное оборудование, а также компоненты безопасности соответствуют положениям настоящей Директивы, изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе должен составить декларацию ЕС о соответствии на произведенное машинное оборудование и компоненты безопасности по образцу, приведенному в Приложении II, соответственно пунктам A или C.

    Корме того, на машинное оборудование изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе должен нанести маркировку "СЕ" в соответствии со Статьей 10.

    2. Before placing on the market, the manufacturer, or his authorised representative established in the Community, shall:
    (a) if the machinery is not referred to in Annex IV, draw up the file provided for in Annex V;
    (b) if the machinery is referred to in Annex IV and its manufacturer does not comply, or only partly complies, with the standards referred to in Article 5(2) or if there are no such standards, submit an example of the machinery for the EC type-examination referred to in Annex VI;
    (c) if the machinery is referred to in Annex IV and is manufactured in accordance with the standards referred to in Article 5(2):
    — either draw up the file referred to in Annex VI and forward it to a notified body, which will acknowledge receipt of the file as soon as possible and keep it,
    — submit the file referred to in Annex VI to the notified body, which will simply verify that the standards referred to in Article 5(2) have been correctly applied and will draw up a certificate of adequacy for the file,
    — or submit the example of the machinery for the EC type-examination referred to in Annex VI.

    2. Перед поставкой на рынок изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе должен:
    (a) в случае, если машинное оборудование не указано в Приложении IV, составить документацию, предусмотренную Приложением V;
    (b) если машинное оборудование указано в Приложении IV, и их изготовитель не выполняет, либо выполняет лишь частично требования стандартов, упомянутых в Статье 5 (2), либо, если таких стандартов не существует, то представить образец машинного оборудования для его испытания ЕС, определенного в Приложении VI;
    (c) если машинное оборудование указано в Приложении IV и изготовлено в соответствии со стандартами, определенными в Статье 5 (п. 2):
    - либо составить документацию, указанную в Приложении VI, и передать ее нотифицированному органу, который подтверждает получение документации в возможно короткие сроки, а также сохраняет ее;
    - представить документацию, указанную в Приложении VI, нотифицированному органу, который просто проверит, что стандарты, упомянутые в Статье 5 (2), были применены правильно и составит сертификат соответствия по этой документации;
    - либо представить образец машинного оборудования для испытания ЕС типового образца, определенного в Приложении VI.

    3. Where the first indent of paragraph 2(c) of this Article applies, the provisions of the first sentence of paragraphs 5 and 7 of Annex VI shall also apply.

    Where the second indent of paragraph 2(c) of this Article applies, the provisions of paragraphs 5, 6 and 7 of Annex VI shall also apply.

    3. В тех случаях, когда может быть применен первый абзац параграфа 2 (с) этой Статьи должны также применяться положения первого предложения параграфов 5 и 7 Приложения VI.

    В тех случаях, когда может быть применен второй абзац пункта 2 (с), должны также применяться положения параграфов 5, 6 и 7 Приложения VI.

    4. Where paragraph 2(a) and the first and second indents of paragraph 2(c) apply, the EC declaration of conformity shall solely state conformity with the essential requirements of the Directive.

    Where paragraph 2(b) and the third indent of paragraph 2(c) apply, the EC declaration of conformity shall state conformity with the example that underwent EC type-examination.

    4. В тех случаях, когда применяется параграф 2 (а) и первый и второй абзацы параграфа 2 (c), декларация ЕС о соответствии должна удостоверить соответствие основным требованиям настоящей Директивы.

    В случае, когда применяется параграф 2 (b) и третий абзац параграфа 2 (c), декларация ЕС о соответствии должна удостоверить соответствие образцу, прошедшему испытание ЕС типового образца.

    5. Safety components shall be subject to the certification procedures applicable to machinery pursuant to paragraphs 2, 3 and 4. Furthermore, during EC type-examination, the notified body shall verify the suitability of the safety component for fulfilling the safety functions declared by the manufacturer.

    5.Компоненты безопасности должны подвергаться процедурам сертификации, применимым к машинному оборудованию в соответствии с параграфами 2, 3, 4. Более того, во время испытания ЕС типового образца нотифицированный орган должен проверить пригодность компонентов безопасности для выполнения тех функций безопасности, которые заявлены изготовителем.

    6. (a) Where the machinery is subject to other Directives concerning other aspects and which also provide for the affixing of the CE marking, the latter shall indicate that the machinery is also presumed to conform to the provisions of those other Directives.
    (b) However, where one or more of those Directives allow the manufacturer, during a transitional period, to choose which arrangements to apply, the CE marking shall indicate conformity only to the Directives applied by the manufacturer. In this case, particulars of the Directives applied, as published in the Official Journal of the European Communities, must be given in the documents, notices or instructions required by the directives and accompanying such machinery.

    6. (a) В тех случаях, когда машинное оборудование подпадает под действие Директив по другим аспектам, которые также предусматривают нанесение маркировки "СЕ", последняя указывает, что такое машинное оборудование соответствуют положениям этих прочих директив.
    (b) Тем не менее, когда одна или несколько таких Директив позволяют изготовителям в течение переходного периода выбирать, какие из положений применить, маркировка "СЕ" будет указывать на соответствие только тем Директивам, которые применялись изготовителем. В этом случае подробная информация о примененных Директивах, опубликованных в Официальном журнале Европейских сообществ, должен приводиться в документах, аннотациях или инструкциях, требуемых в соответствии с Директивами, и сопровождать такое машинное оборудование.

    7. Where neither the manufacturer nor his authorised representative established in the Community fulfils the obligations of paragraphs 1 to 6, these obligations shall fall to any person placing the machinery or safety component on the market in the Community. The same obligations shall apply to any person assembling machinery or parts thereof or safety components of various origins or constructing machinery or safety components for his own use.

    7. Если ни изготовитель, ни его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе не выполнят своих обязательств по предыдущим параграфам, то эти обязательства должны быть выполнены любыми лицами, поставляющими машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности на рынок Сообщества. Такие же обязательства возлагаются на любые лица, осуществляющие сборку машинного оборудования, либо его частей или компонентов безопасности различного происхождения, либо создающие машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности для собственного пользования.

    8. The obligations referred to in paragraph 7 shall not apply to persons who assemble with a machine or tractor interchangeable equipment as provided for in Article 1, provided that the parts are compatible and each of the constituent parts of the assembled machine bears the CE marking and is accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity.

    8. Обязательства, изложенные в параграфе 7, не применяются к лицам, которые собирают с машиной, механизмом или транспортным средством взаимозаменяемое оборудование, указанное в Статье 1, при условии, что эти части совместимы, и каждая из частей машины в сборе имеет маркировку "СЕ" и Декларацию ЕС о соответствии.

    Article 9
    1. Member States shall notify the Commission and the other Member States of the approved bodies which they have appointed to carry out the procedures referred to in Article 8 together with the specific tasks which these bodies have been appointed to carry out and the identification numbers assigned to them beforehand by the Commission.
    The Commission shall publish in the Official Journal of the European Communities a list of the notified bodies and their identification numbers and the tasks for which they have been notified. The Commission shall ensure that this list is kept up to date.

    Статья 9
    1. Государства - члены должны уведомить Комиссию и другие Государства - члены об утвержденных органах, которые назначаются для выполнения процедур, описанных в Статье 8, также как и для различных особых задач, которые этим органам предназначено выполнять, и об идентификационных номерах, предварительно присвоенных им Комиссией.

    В Официальном журнале Европейских сообществ Комиссия должна публиковать список таких нотифицированных органов и их идентификационные номера, а также задачи, для решения которых они предназначены. Комиссия должна обеспечить своевременность обновления списка.

    2. Member States shall apply the criteria laid down in Annex VII in assessing the bodies to be indicated in such notification. Bodies meeting the assessment criteria laid down in the relevant harmonised standards shall be presumed to fulfil those criteria.

    2. Государства - члены должны применять критерии, изложенные в Приложении VII, для определения органов, которые будут указаны в таких назначениях. Органы, удовлетворяющие критериям, изложенным в соответствующих гармонизированных стандартах, считаются соответствующими критериям.

    3. A Member State which has approved a body must withdraw its notification if it finds that the body no longer meets the criteria referred to in Annex VII. It shall immediately inform the Commission and the other Member States accordingly.

    3. Государство - член, утвердившее такой орган, должно отменить его назначение, если оно обнаружит, что он больше не соответствует критериям, изложенным в Приложении VII. Государство - член должно немедленно известить об этом Комиссию и другие Государства - члены.

    CHAPTER III
    CE MARKING
    Article 10
    1. The CE conformity marking shall consist of the initials ‘CE’. The form of the marking to be used is shown in Annex III.

    ГЛАВА III
    МАРКИРОВКА "СЕ"
    Статья 10
    1. Маркировка "СЕ" состоит из заглавных букв "СЕ". Форма маркировки, которая будет использоваться, указана в Приложении III.

    2. The CE marking shall be affixed to machinery distinctly and visibly in accordance with point 1.7.3 of Annex I.

    2. Маркировка "СЕ" должна наноситься на машинное оборудование четко, на видном месте в соответствии с пунктом 1.7.3. Приложения I.

    3. The affixing of markings on the machinery which are likely to deceive third parties as to the meaning and form of the CE marking shall be prohibited. Any other marking may be affixed to the machinery provided that the visibility and legibility of the CE marking is not thereby reduced.

    3. Нанесение маркировок на машинное оборудование таким образом, что это может ввести в заблуждение относительно значения и формы маркировки "СЕ", запрещено. Любые другие маркировки могут быть нанесены на машинное оборудование таким образом, чтобы не мешать видимости и различимости маркировки "СЕ".

    4. Without prejudice to Article 7:
    (a) where a Member State establishes that the CE marking has been affixed unduly, the manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Community shall be obliged to make the product conform as regards the provisions concerning the CE marking and to end the infringement under the conditions imposed by the Member State;

    (b) where non-conformity continues, the Member State must take all appropriate measures to restrict or prohibit the placing on the market of the product in question or to ensure that it is withdrawn from the market in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 7.

    4. Без ограничения применения Статьи 7:
    (a) если Государство - член устанавливает, что маркировка "СЕ" была нанесена неправильно, изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе будет обязан привести продукцию в соответствии с положениями, касающимися маркировки "СЕ" и положить конец нарушениям на условиях, установленных Государством - членом;

    (b) если такое несоответствие будет продолжаться, то Государство - член должно принять все соответствующие меры для ограничения или запрещения поставки на рынок такой продукции, либо обеспечить изъятие ее с рынка в соответствии с процедурами, изложенными в Статье 7.

    CHAPTER IV
    FINAL PROVISIONS
    Article 11
    Any decision taken pursuant to this Directive which restricts the placing on the market and putting into service of machinery or a safety component shall state the exact grounds on which it is based. Such a decision shall be notified as soon as possible to the party concerned, who shall at the same time be informed of the legal remedies available to him under the laws in force in the Member State concerned and of the time limits to which such remedies are subject.

    ГЛАВА IV
    ЗАКЛЮЧИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ
    Статья 11
    Любое решение, принятое в исполнение настоящей Директивы, ограничивающее поставку на рынок и ввод в эксплуатацию машинного оборудования или компонентов безопасности, должно указывать точные причины, на которых оно основано. Такое решение должно быть по возможности быстро доведено до сведения заинтересованных сторон, их также следует проинформировать о законных мерах, которые могут быть предприняты по действующему законодательству в соответствующем Государстве - члене и о сроках, в которые данные меры применяются.

    Article 12
    The Commission will take the necessary steps to have information on all the relevant decisions relating to the management of this Directive made available.

    Статья 12
    Комиссия предпримет все необходимые шаги для получения информации по всем соответствующим решениям, касающимся применения и распространения настоящей Директивы.

    Article 13
    1. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the provisions of national law which they adopt in the field governed by this Directive.

    2. The Commission shall, before 1 January 1994, examine the progress made in the standardisation work relating to this Directive and propose any appropriate measures.

    Статья 13
    1. Государства - члены должны передать Комиссии тексты положений национальных законодательных актов, принимаемых в сфере, определяемой настоящей Директивой.

    2. Комиссия должна до 1 января 1994 г. изучить развитие работ по стандартизации, относящиеся к области действия настоящей Директивы и предложить любые целесообразные меры.

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > машинное оборудование

  • 55 יצא

    יָצָא(b. h.) 1) to go forth; to rise (of the sun); to go out. Gen. R. s. 39 אֵצֵא ויהיווכ׳ I shall leave (my fathers house), and they may desecrate Ib. י׳ לו מוניטון a medal was issued in his memory, v. מוֹנִיטוֹן. Ib. s. 6 בשעה שהוא יוצא when he (the sun) rises; בשעה שהיא יוֹצֵאת when she (the moon) rises. Snh.52a ארור שיָצָאת זו מחלציו (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) cursed is he from whose loins this woman went forth.Sabb.V, 1 במה … יוֹצְאָה what is an animal permitted to wear on going out (on the Sabbath)? Ib. VI, 1 לא תֵצֵאוכ׳ a woman must not wear on going out ; a. v. fr. 2) to end; to go to the end of, to live through. Y.Ber.VIII, 12b bot. כיון שיָצָת שבת when the Sabbath ended. Y.Shebi.VI, 36c top אינו יוצא שבתו ולא יָ׳וכ׳ he shall not live to the end of this week, and he did not arrive at the end of the week before he was dead; (Erub.63a הוציא שנתו, v. infra); a. e. 3) to be expended. Num. R. s. 14, end, v. הוֹצָאָה. 4) to be excluded; exempt; (rarely) to exclude, deduct. Y.Ned.II, beg.37b י׳ דבר של איסור this is to exclude a vow concerning a forbidden act; Bab. ib. 17a י׳ נשבע לבטלוכ׳ this excludes the case of one who makes oath that he will disregard a law. Y.Yeb.I, 2c top אשר תלד יָצְתָה זווכ׳ ‘whom she may bear (Deut. 25:6), herewith is excluded she (the אַיְילוֹנִית) who ; a. v. fr.Y. Ḥag.I, 76c top צֵא מהם שני ימים deduct from them two days; ib. צא שבת מהם deduct the Sabbath day.Esp. idiomatic uses: a) י׳ בן חורין, י׳ לחירות, or only י׳ to be freed. Peah III, 8; Gitt.42a. Kidd.24a יוצאבשןוכ׳ he is freed, when his master caused his loss of a tooth or an eye; a. v. fr.b) (of a wife) to be sent away, to be divorced. Keth.VII, 6 ואלו יוֹצְאוֹת שלא בכתובה the following wives have to leave without receiving their Kthubah. Ib. 7 תֵּצֵא̇ she must leave. Ib. X, 5; a. v. fr.c) י׳ ידי (or מִידֵי) to go out of the power of; to be released; to do justice to, be justified before. Shek. III, 2 לפי שאדם צריך לָצֵאת ידי הבריות … לָצֵאת ידי המקום because man must appear justified before men as well as before God; Ex. R. s. 51; a. fr.י׳ ידי חובתו, or י׳ to comply with the requirements of the law. Ber.8b. Ib. II, 1 אם כיון לבו י׳ if he read with attention, he has done his duty (which requires the reading of the Shma). Y.Shek.III, 47b bot. מהו לצאתוכ׳ is the law complied with when one uses wine ?Mekh. Bo, Pisḥa, s.6; a. v. fr.Gen. R. s. 39 לא יָצָאתָה ידי השבועה thou hast not redeemed thy oath; ib. s. 49; Lev. R. s. 10, beg.Makhsh. VI, 5; Tosef.Toh.X, 3 י׳ מידי שמן, v. מוֹחַלי׳ מידי פשוטו, v. מִקְרָא.d) י׳ מן הכלל or י׳ to be taken out of the general rule, to be specified (although being implied in the general rule). Sifra, introd. כל דבר שהיה בכלל וי׳ … לא ללמד על עצמו י׳וכ׳ whatever would have been implied in the general law and yet is specified again (in the Biblical text) in order to teach (something not mentioned before), has been specified not only to teach something new concerning the specific case, but to teach it concerning the whole class. Ib. י׳ לטעון, v. טָעַן I. Tem.I, 6 ולמה י׳ and for what purpose are tithes especially mentioned (Lev. 27:30, sq.)?; a. fr.e) כַּיּוֹצֵא ב־ like that which passes with it (in the same class), similar; in a similar way. Pes.III, 2 אם יש כי׳ בו שהחמיץ if there is a similar dough (started simultaneously with the one in question) which has begun to ferment. Ber.59b, sq. ואין לו כי׳ בו when he has no house like it; כי׳ בהם garments like them. Zeb.V, 6 המורם מהם כי׳ בהם what is taken of them for the priest, is like them (subject to the same laws). M. Kat. 16b כי׳ בדבר אתה אומרוכ׳ in a similar way (as something coming under the same category) yon read Sifré Num. 32; a. v. fr.f) י׳ שכרו בהפסדו its benefit is lost in its disadvantage; i. e. benefit and disadvantage are counterbalanced. Ab. V, 11, sq.g) (euphem.) to retire for human needs (v. Toh. X, 2). Ber.62a השכם וצֵאוכ׳ go out early in the morning Ex. R. s. 9 ואינו יוצא לנקביו and has no human needs. Ib. לא היה יוצא אלאוכ׳ he used to go out only to the water (to make believe he was a superhuman being); a. fr.h) to be proved, identified. Keth.II, 3 היה כתב ידם יוצא ממקום אחר if their signature can be identified otherwise (than by their own declaration); a. e. Hif. הוֹצִיא 1) to take out, to lead forth, bring forth; to release, discharge, send off. Ber.VI, I before eating bread one says, המוֹצִיא לחםוכ׳ (blessed be thou, O Lord) who hast brought forth bread out of the earth (v. ib. 38a as to המוציא or מוציא); ib. 37b; a. fr.Ab. Zar.41b, a. fr.; אין ספק מוציאוכ׳, v. וַדַּאי. B. Mets.37b לא זו הדרך מוֹצִיאָתוֹ מידי עבירה עדוכ׳ this is not the way that relieves him from sin (this is no full atonement), (he is not relieved) until he pays ; Yeb.XV, 7. Ib. 6, sq. אין זו דרך מוֹצִיאָתָהּוכ׳ she is not relieved from the possibility of sin, unless she is not permitted to marry again and forbidden to partake of Trumah.Ib. 36b יוֹצִיא (יוֹצִיאָהּ) בגט he dismisses her with a letter of divorce. Ib. ואם נשא יוציא and if he married her (against the law), he must dismiss her (divorce her); a. fr.Ab. II, 11, a. fr. מוֹצִיאִין את האדם מן העולם take a man out of the world, i. e. cause him to lose the true enjoyment of life. 2) to exclude. Y.Yeb.I, 2c top איילונית מטעם אחר הוֹצֵאתָהּ the aylonith thou dost (the law does) exclude for another reason (v. supra). Num. R. s. 14, end אוֹצִיא את ישראל let me exclude the Israelites, א׳ את הזקנים the elders; a. fr.להוֹצִיא (= ch. לאפוקי, v. אַפֵּק, or למעוטי, v. מעט) to the exclusion of. Succ.28a; Kidd.34a האזרח לה׳ את הנשים ‘ the native (Lev. 23:42) intimates the exemption of women (from the duty of dwelling in booths); a. v. fr. 3) to lead to the end, to live through. Erub.63a, v. supra. 4) to produce, present. Keth.XIII, 8 המוציא שטר חוב … והלהה׳וכ׳ if one produces a note of indebtedness against his neighbor, and the latter produces evidence that the claimant sold him a field (and paid him, which he would not have done, if he had a claim). Ib. 9. Ib. IX, 9 הוֹצִיאָה גט if she produces a letter of divorce; a. v. fr. 5) to spend, lay out. Ib. VIII, 5, v. הוֹצָאָה; a. fr.Esp. idiomatic uses: a) ה׳ ידי חוב־ or ה׳ (v. supra) to be the instrument of a persons complying with the law, e. g. to read a prayer and thus cause the listener to perform his duty as though he read it himself; to act in anothers behalf effectively. R. Hash. III, 5 אין מוֹצִיאִין את הרבים ידי חובתן they cannot act (blow the Shofar) in behalf of the assembled congregation. Ib. 29a אע״פ שיצא מוציא although he has done his duty (has read the prayer for himself), he may act in behalf of others. Ib. ולעצמו מוציא and can he (the half-slave and half-freedman) act in his own behalf?; a. fr.b) to collect, to claim. Keth.VIII, 1 הבעל מוציא מיד הלקוחות the husband can reclaim the property from those who bought it. B. Kam. III, 11 המוציא מחבירו עליו הראייה the claimant must produce evidence; a. v. fr.c) to utter. Arakh.5a, a. fr. אין אדם מוציא דבריו לבטלה no man utters his words for no purpose (he must have meant something).ה׳ לעז to slander, discredit. Sabb.97a, a. fr., v. לַעַז.d) to carry an object (on the Sabbath) out of a private to a public place, or from one private place to another, v. רָשוּת. Sabb.VII, 2, sq.; a. fr.e) to secrete. Sifré Num. 88 יש לך … שאין מוציאוכ׳ is there a woman-born being that does not discharge the food he eats?; a. e.f) ה׳ שבת to dismiss the Sabbath with prayer, opp. הכניס. Sabb.118b מוֹצִיאֵי שבתוכ׳ those who dismiss the Sabbath at Sepphoris.

    Jewish literature > יצא

  • 56 יָצָא

    יָצָא(b. h.) 1) to go forth; to rise (of the sun); to go out. Gen. R. s. 39 אֵצֵא ויהיווכ׳ I shall leave (my fathers house), and they may desecrate Ib. י׳ לו מוניטון a medal was issued in his memory, v. מוֹנִיטוֹן. Ib. s. 6 בשעה שהוא יוצא when he (the sun) rises; בשעה שהיא יוֹצֵאת when she (the moon) rises. Snh.52a ארור שיָצָאת זו מחלציו (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) cursed is he from whose loins this woman went forth.Sabb.V, 1 במה … יוֹצְאָה what is an animal permitted to wear on going out (on the Sabbath)? Ib. VI, 1 לא תֵצֵאוכ׳ a woman must not wear on going out ; a. v. fr. 2) to end; to go to the end of, to live through. Y.Ber.VIII, 12b bot. כיון שיָצָת שבת when the Sabbath ended. Y.Shebi.VI, 36c top אינו יוצא שבתו ולא יָ׳וכ׳ he shall not live to the end of this week, and he did not arrive at the end of the week before he was dead; (Erub.63a הוציא שנתו, v. infra); a. e. 3) to be expended. Num. R. s. 14, end, v. הוֹצָאָה. 4) to be excluded; exempt; (rarely) to exclude, deduct. Y.Ned.II, beg.37b י׳ דבר של איסור this is to exclude a vow concerning a forbidden act; Bab. ib. 17a י׳ נשבע לבטלוכ׳ this excludes the case of one who makes oath that he will disregard a law. Y.Yeb.I, 2c top אשר תלד יָצְתָה זווכ׳ ‘whom she may bear (Deut. 25:6), herewith is excluded she (the אַיְילוֹנִית) who ; a. v. fr.Y. Ḥag.I, 76c top צֵא מהם שני ימים deduct from them two days; ib. צא שבת מהם deduct the Sabbath day.Esp. idiomatic uses: a) י׳ בן חורין, י׳ לחירות, or only י׳ to be freed. Peah III, 8; Gitt.42a. Kidd.24a יוצאבשןוכ׳ he is freed, when his master caused his loss of a tooth or an eye; a. v. fr.b) (of a wife) to be sent away, to be divorced. Keth.VII, 6 ואלו יוֹצְאוֹת שלא בכתובה the following wives have to leave without receiving their Kthubah. Ib. 7 תֵּצֵא̇ she must leave. Ib. X, 5; a. v. fr.c) י׳ ידי (or מִידֵי) to go out of the power of; to be released; to do justice to, be justified before. Shek. III, 2 לפי שאדם צריך לָצֵאת ידי הבריות … לָצֵאת ידי המקום because man must appear justified before men as well as before God; Ex. R. s. 51; a. fr.י׳ ידי חובתו, or י׳ to comply with the requirements of the law. Ber.8b. Ib. II, 1 אם כיון לבו י׳ if he read with attention, he has done his duty (which requires the reading of the Shma). Y.Shek.III, 47b bot. מהו לצאתוכ׳ is the law complied with when one uses wine ?Mekh. Bo, Pisḥa, s.6; a. v. fr.Gen. R. s. 39 לא יָצָאתָה ידי השבועה thou hast not redeemed thy oath; ib. s. 49; Lev. R. s. 10, beg.Makhsh. VI, 5; Tosef.Toh.X, 3 י׳ מידי שמן, v. מוֹחַלי׳ מידי פשוטו, v. מִקְרָא.d) י׳ מן הכלל or י׳ to be taken out of the general rule, to be specified (although being implied in the general rule). Sifra, introd. כל דבר שהיה בכלל וי׳ … לא ללמד על עצמו י׳וכ׳ whatever would have been implied in the general law and yet is specified again (in the Biblical text) in order to teach (something not mentioned before), has been specified not only to teach something new concerning the specific case, but to teach it concerning the whole class. Ib. י׳ לטעון, v. טָעַן I. Tem.I, 6 ולמה י׳ and for what purpose are tithes especially mentioned (Lev. 27:30, sq.)?; a. fr.e) כַּיּוֹצֵא ב־ like that which passes with it (in the same class), similar; in a similar way. Pes.III, 2 אם יש כי׳ בו שהחמיץ if there is a similar dough (started simultaneously with the one in question) which has begun to ferment. Ber.59b, sq. ואין לו כי׳ בו when he has no house like it; כי׳ בהם garments like them. Zeb.V, 6 המורם מהם כי׳ בהם what is taken of them for the priest, is like them (subject to the same laws). M. Kat. 16b כי׳ בדבר אתה אומרוכ׳ in a similar way (as something coming under the same category) yon read Sifré Num. 32; a. v. fr.f) י׳ שכרו בהפסדו its benefit is lost in its disadvantage; i. e. benefit and disadvantage are counterbalanced. Ab. V, 11, sq.g) (euphem.) to retire for human needs (v. Toh. X, 2). Ber.62a השכם וצֵאוכ׳ go out early in the morning Ex. R. s. 9 ואינו יוצא לנקביו and has no human needs. Ib. לא היה יוצא אלאוכ׳ he used to go out only to the water (to make believe he was a superhuman being); a. fr.h) to be proved, identified. Keth.II, 3 היה כתב ידם יוצא ממקום אחר if their signature can be identified otherwise (than by their own declaration); a. e. Hif. הוֹצִיא 1) to take out, to lead forth, bring forth; to release, discharge, send off. Ber.VI, I before eating bread one says, המוֹצִיא לחםוכ׳ (blessed be thou, O Lord) who hast brought forth bread out of the earth (v. ib. 38a as to המוציא or מוציא); ib. 37b; a. fr.Ab. Zar.41b, a. fr.; אין ספק מוציאוכ׳, v. וַדַּאי. B. Mets.37b לא זו הדרך מוֹצִיאָתוֹ מידי עבירה עדוכ׳ this is not the way that relieves him from sin (this is no full atonement), (he is not relieved) until he pays ; Yeb.XV, 7. Ib. 6, sq. אין זו דרך מוֹצִיאָתָהּוכ׳ she is not relieved from the possibility of sin, unless she is not permitted to marry again and forbidden to partake of Trumah.Ib. 36b יוֹצִיא (יוֹצִיאָהּ) בגט he dismisses her with a letter of divorce. Ib. ואם נשא יוציא and if he married her (against the law), he must dismiss her (divorce her); a. fr.Ab. II, 11, a. fr. מוֹצִיאִין את האדם מן העולם take a man out of the world, i. e. cause him to lose the true enjoyment of life. 2) to exclude. Y.Yeb.I, 2c top איילונית מטעם אחר הוֹצֵאתָהּ the aylonith thou dost (the law does) exclude for another reason (v. supra). Num. R. s. 14, end אוֹצִיא את ישראל let me exclude the Israelites, א׳ את הזקנים the elders; a. fr.להוֹצִיא (= ch. לאפוקי, v. אַפֵּק, or למעוטי, v. מעט) to the exclusion of. Succ.28a; Kidd.34a האזרח לה׳ את הנשים ‘ the native (Lev. 23:42) intimates the exemption of women (from the duty of dwelling in booths); a. v. fr. 3) to lead to the end, to live through. Erub.63a, v. supra. 4) to produce, present. Keth.XIII, 8 המוציא שטר חוב … והלהה׳וכ׳ if one produces a note of indebtedness against his neighbor, and the latter produces evidence that the claimant sold him a field (and paid him, which he would not have done, if he had a claim). Ib. 9. Ib. IX, 9 הוֹצִיאָה גט if she produces a letter of divorce; a. v. fr. 5) to spend, lay out. Ib. VIII, 5, v. הוֹצָאָה; a. fr.Esp. idiomatic uses: a) ה׳ ידי חוב־ or ה׳ (v. supra) to be the instrument of a persons complying with the law, e. g. to read a prayer and thus cause the listener to perform his duty as though he read it himself; to act in anothers behalf effectively. R. Hash. III, 5 אין מוֹצִיאִין את הרבים ידי חובתן they cannot act (blow the Shofar) in behalf of the assembled congregation. Ib. 29a אע״פ שיצא מוציא although he has done his duty (has read the prayer for himself), he may act in behalf of others. Ib. ולעצמו מוציא and can he (the half-slave and half-freedman) act in his own behalf?; a. fr.b) to collect, to claim. Keth.VIII, 1 הבעל מוציא מיד הלקוחות the husband can reclaim the property from those who bought it. B. Kam. III, 11 המוציא מחבירו עליו הראייה the claimant must produce evidence; a. v. fr.c) to utter. Arakh.5a, a. fr. אין אדם מוציא דבריו לבטלה no man utters his words for no purpose (he must have meant something).ה׳ לעז to slander, discredit. Sabb.97a, a. fr., v. לַעַז.d) to carry an object (on the Sabbath) out of a private to a public place, or from one private place to another, v. רָשוּת. Sabb.VII, 2, sq.; a. fr.e) to secrete. Sifré Num. 88 יש לך … שאין מוציאוכ׳ is there a woman-born being that does not discharge the food he eats?; a. e.f) ה׳ שבת to dismiss the Sabbath with prayer, opp. הכניס. Sabb.118b מוֹצִיאֵי שבתוכ׳ those who dismiss the Sabbath at Sepphoris.

    Jewish literature > יָצָא

  • 57 campo de actuación

    (n.) = purview, scope, sphere of interest
    Ex. This article discusses the fact that no library is able to acquire all published material within its subject purview.
    Ex. Subject field definition arises from the scope of the information service or system that the indexing language is expected to serve.
    Ex. The members of these cabinets are agricultural specialists who read and recommend new publications, each in his own sphere of interest.
    * * *
    (n.) = purview, scope, sphere of interest

    Ex: This article discusses the fact that no library is able to acquire all published material within its subject purview.

    Ex: Subject field definition arises from the scope of the information service or system that the indexing language is expected to serve.
    Ex: The members of these cabinets are agricultural specialists who read and recommend new publications, each in his own sphere of interest.

    Spanish-English dictionary > campo de actuación

  • 58 especificar

    v.
    to specify.
    María concretó sus planes ante ellos Mary specified her plans before them.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ SACAR], like link=sacar sacar
    1 to specify
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    VT [+ cantidad, modelo] to specify; [en una lista] to list, itemize
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to specify
    * * *
    = detail, make + statement, qualify, specify, structure, make + the point that, spell out, narrow down.
    Ex. In May 1973 a paper was sent to all universities detailing the norms for university library accommodation, whereby the accommodation entitlements were further reduced to about one in five.
    Ex. Subject field to be covered must be determined by making explicit statements concerning the limits of topic coverage, and the depth in which various aspects of the subject are to be treated.
    Ex. Common facets may be listed anywhere in the schedule order, because they are facets that, although only listed once can be applied anywhere in the citation order, as required to qualify the concept to which they apply.
    Ex. In a SDI service the user specifies his own individual interest in detail, and these are then expressed in terms of a user interest profile.
    Ex. The large cataloguing record data bases are structured according to a format known as the MARC format.
    Ex. However, they do make the very important point that the notation is not an essential part of the scheme.
    Ex. Certain obligations of public and university libraries and publicly supported library networks often are also spelled out in statutory form.
    Ex. By specifying the fields to be searched, the user can narrow down the search in a very convenient way.
    ----
    * no especificar = leave + undefined.
    * permanecer sin especificar = remain + undefined.
    * sin especificar = unspecified.
    * volver a especificar = respecify.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to specify
    * * *
    = detail, make + statement, qualify, specify, structure, make + the point that, spell out, narrow down.

    Ex: In May 1973 a paper was sent to all universities detailing the norms for university library accommodation, whereby the accommodation entitlements were further reduced to about one in five.

    Ex: Subject field to be covered must be determined by making explicit statements concerning the limits of topic coverage, and the depth in which various aspects of the subject are to be treated.
    Ex: Common facets may be listed anywhere in the schedule order, because they are facets that, although only listed once can be applied anywhere in the citation order, as required to qualify the concept to which they apply.
    Ex: In a SDI service the user specifies his own individual interest in detail, and these are then expressed in terms of a user interest profile.
    Ex: The large cataloguing record data bases are structured according to a format known as the MARC format.
    Ex: However, they do make the very important point that the notation is not an essential part of the scheme.
    Ex: Certain obligations of public and university libraries and publicly supported library networks often are also spelled out in statutory form.
    Ex: By specifying the fields to be searched, the user can narrow down the search in a very convenient way.
    * no especificar = leave + undefined.
    * permanecer sin especificar = remain + undefined.
    * sin especificar = unspecified.
    * volver a especificar = respecify.

    * * *
    vt
    to specify
    no especifica cuánto se necesita it doesn't specify o say how much you need
    especificó todos los detalles del proyecto she spelled out all the details of the project
    especifique el modelo que desea specify which model you require
    * * *

     

    especificar ( conjugate especificar) verbo transitivo
    to specify
    especificar verbo transitivo to specify
    ' especificar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    determinar
    - de
    - hora
    - puntualizar
    English:
    for
    - some
    - specify
    - they
    * * *
    to specify;
    la guía no especifica nada sobre el tema the guide doesn't say anything specific on the subject;
    no especificó las razones de su dimisión she didn't specify her reasons for resigning;
    ¿podría usted especificar un poco más? could you be a little more specific?;
    por favor, especifique claramente el modo de pago please state clearly the method of payment
    * * *
    v/t specify
    * * *
    especificar {72} vt
    : to specify
    * * *
    especificar vb to specify

    Spanish-English dictionary > especificar

  • 59 evaluar

    v.
    1 to assess, to evaluate.
    Ricardo evalúa los procedimientos Richard evaluates the procedures.
    Ricardo evalúa el producto final Richard evaluates=grades the final product.
    2 to assess, to test (education) (pupil).
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ ACTUAR], like link=actuar actuar
    1 to evaluate, assess
    * * *
    verb
    to evaluate, assess
    * * *
    VT
    1) (=valorar) [+ datos] to evaluate; [+ daños, pérdidas] to assess
    2) (Escol) to assess
    * * *
    verbo transitivo <pérdidas/situación> to assess; < datos> to evaluate; < alumno> to assess
    * * *
    = appraise, assess, evaluate, judge, rate, gauge, take + stock of, size up.
    Ex. Historical archives may be briefly be defined as that portion of the total mass of records which, being no longer current, have been appraised and selected for permanent preservation.
    Ex. Without such guidelines each document would need to be assessed individually, and inconsistencies would be inevitable.
    Ex. A critical abstract evaluates a document and the work that it records.
    Ex. Nevertheless, whatever the basis for the major enumerative schemes they must be judged for their suitability for application in current libraries.
    Ex. A questionnaire sought to determine which selection aids were rated as being important and which were seldom used.
    Ex. The 2nd 'Think Tank' held in Dallas, June 89, focused on gauging what breakthrough issues are occurring in the field that directly concern libraries and merit consideration.
    Ex. The conference took stock of development within information technology, outlined new ways for its use and presented projects.
    Ex. A brief but representative passage read aloud is better than a lot of talk about the book and how much one liked it, for then each child has a chance to size up the book for himself, letting his own antennae tell him whether it is something for him or not.
    ----
    * evaluar anónimamente por pares = double-blind review.
    * evaluar anónimante = blind review.
    * evaluar el éxito de Algo = gauge + the success of.
    * evaluar el rendimiento en el trabajo = evaluate + work performance.
    * evaluar la eficacia de Algo = gauge + the effectiveness of.
    * evaluar las implicaciones de Algo = gauge + the implications of.
    * evaluar las necesidades económicas = means test.
    * evaluar los ingresos = means test.
    * evaluar los resultados = assess + results.
    * evaluar muy positivamente según unos criterios establecidos = rate + Nombre + high on + criteria.
    * evaluar por comparación = benchmark.
    * evaluar por expertos = referee.
    * evaluar por expertos doblemente = double referee.
    * sin evaluar = unevaluated.
    * sin ser evaluado por expertos = unrefereed.
    * volver a evaluar = reassess [re-assess], reevaluate [re-evaluate], reappraise.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo <pérdidas/situación> to assess; < datos> to evaluate; < alumno> to assess
    * * *
    = appraise, assess, evaluate, judge, rate, gauge, take + stock of, size up.

    Ex: Historical archives may be briefly be defined as that portion of the total mass of records which, being no longer current, have been appraised and selected for permanent preservation.

    Ex: Without such guidelines each document would need to be assessed individually, and inconsistencies would be inevitable.
    Ex: A critical abstract evaluates a document and the work that it records.
    Ex: Nevertheless, whatever the basis for the major enumerative schemes they must be judged for their suitability for application in current libraries.
    Ex: A questionnaire sought to determine which selection aids were rated as being important and which were seldom used.
    Ex: The 2nd 'Think Tank' held in Dallas, June 89, focused on gauging what breakthrough issues are occurring in the field that directly concern libraries and merit consideration.
    Ex: The conference took stock of development within information technology, outlined new ways for its use and presented projects.
    Ex: A brief but representative passage read aloud is better than a lot of talk about the book and how much one liked it, for then each child has a chance to size up the book for himself, letting his own antennae tell him whether it is something for him or not.
    * evaluar anónimamente por pares = double-blind review.
    * evaluar anónimante = blind review.
    * evaluar el éxito de Algo = gauge + the success of.
    * evaluar el rendimiento en el trabajo = evaluate + work performance.
    * evaluar la eficacia de Algo = gauge + the effectiveness of.
    * evaluar las implicaciones de Algo = gauge + the implications of.
    * evaluar las necesidades económicas = means test.
    * evaluar los ingresos = means test.
    * evaluar los resultados = assess + results.
    * evaluar muy positivamente según unos criterios establecidos = rate + Nombre + high on + criteria.
    * evaluar por comparación = benchmark.
    * evaluar por expertos = referee.
    * evaluar por expertos doblemente = double referee.
    * sin evaluar = unevaluated.
    * sin ser evaluado por expertos = unrefereed.
    * volver a evaluar = reassess [re-assess], reevaluate [re-evaluate], reappraise.

    * * *
    vt
    1 ‹daños/pérdidas/situación› to assess; ‹datos› to evaluate
    2 ‹alumno› to assess
    * * *

     

    evaluar ( conjugate evaluar) verbo transitivo ‹pérdidas/situación› to assess;
    ‹ datos› to evaluate;
    ‹ alumno› to assess
    evaluar verbo transitivo to evaluate, assess
    ' evaluar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    calcular
    English:
    appraise
    - assess
    - evaluate
    - size up
    - weigh up
    - gauge
    - judge
    - size
    - test
    - weigh
    * * *
    1. [valorar] to evaluate, to assess;
    [daños, pérdidas, riesgos] to assess
    2. Educ [alumno] to assess, to test;
    [examen] Br to mark, US to grade
    * * *
    v/t assess, evaluate
    * * *
    evaluar {3} vt
    : to evaluate, to assess, to appraise
    * * *
    evaluar vb to assess

    Spanish-English dictionary > evaluar

  • 60 Wratten, Frederick Charles Luther

    [br]
    b. 1840 England
    d. 8 April 1926 London, England
    [br]
    English inventor and manufacturer, founder of one of the first successful gelatine dry-plate companies.
    [br]
    He started his working life as a schoolteacher, but in his early twenties he moved to London to become a clerk with a photographic wholesaler, Soloman. There Wratten became interested in photography, and on the announcement of the new gelatine dry-plate processes he began to conduct his own experiments. In 1876 he devised a means of drying gelatine emulsions and removing excess silver with alcohol, and published details in 1877 and 1878. It was during this period that he formed a partnership with Henry Wainwright to manufacture and sell photographic materials. The mass production of gelatine dry plates was a British invention and monopoly, and the new firm of Wratten \& Wainwright was one of the first in the field and soon proved to be amongst the most successful. The business exported extensively to Europe, introducing a succession of plates of increasing sensitivity. Wratten continued to trade under the same name when his partner Wainwright died in 1882. His success continued, and in 1890 he moved the company to a newly equipped factory in Croydon, near London. Six years later Wratten incorporated as co-owners of the business his son, S.H.Wainwright and a young graduate from London University, C.E.Kenneth Mees. The newly constituted company soon introduced the first British panchromatic plates and filters. The introduction of Lumiere's Autochrome plates in 1907 prompted Wratten and Mees to take out a patent on a colour screen plate process of their own. The company also found work coating plates for other similar innovations. In 1912 the business was finally sold to George Eastman and Wratten and Mees joined Kodak Ltd at Harrow.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Wratten's early work on the action of alcohol on gelatine emulsions was described in a series of articles: 1877, Photographic News: 390, 49.
    1878, Photographic News: 121–3.
    1878, British Journal of Photography: 124–5.
    Further Reading
    E.J.Wall, 1925, Three Colour Photography.
    C.E.K.Mees, 1961, From Dry Plates to Ektachrome Film, New York.
    JW

    Biographical history of technology > Wratten, Frederick Charles Luther

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