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1 notablement
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2 notamment
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3 notamment
notamment [nɔtamɑ̃]adverb• toutes les grandes maisons d'édition, notamment HarperCollins all the big publishers, such as HarperCollins* * *nɔtamɑ̃1) ( entre autres) notably2) ( plus particulièrement) in particular, more particularly* * *nɔtamɑ̃ adv* * *notamment adv1 ( entre autres) notably; la Reine a visité la ville accompagnée notamment de… the Queen visited the town accompanied, among others, by…;2 ( plus particulièrement) in particular, more particularly.[nɔtamɑ̃] adverbeil y a certains avantages, notamment un abattement fiscal there are some advantages, notably tax deductions -
4 absent
absent, e [apsɑ̃, ɑ̃t]1. adjectiveb. ( = distrait) [air] vacant2. masculine noun, feminine noun( = élève) absentee (PROV) les absents ont toujours tort it's always the people who aren't there that get the blame* * *
1.
absente apsɑ̃, ɑ̃t adjectif1) ( éloigné longtemps) away (jamais épith) (de from); ( éloigné brièvement) out (jamais épith) (de of)2) (qui ne s'est pas présenté, ne participe pas) [élève, employé] absent (de from)3) ( inexistant) absent (de from)4) ( absorbé) absent-minded
2.
nom masculin, féminin absentee‘absents excusés...’ — ‘apologies for absence...’
••les absents ont toujours tort — Proverbe those who are absent always get the blame
* * *apsɑ̃, ɑ̃t absent, -e1. adj1) (personne) absent2) (objet, élément) missing, lacking3) (air, regard) vacant, faraway2. nm/f* * *A adj1 ( éloigné longtemps) away ( jamais épith) (de from); ( éloigné brièvement) out ( jamais épith) (de of); il est absent pour deux mois he's away for two months; je serai absent du bureau tout l'après-midi I'll be out of the office all afternoon;2 ( qui ne s'est pas présenté) [élève, employé, candidat] absent;3 ( qui ne participe pas) absent (de from); la France est absente des débats France is absent from the debates;4 ( inexistant) absent (de from); mon nom est absent de la liste my name is not on ou is absent from the list; cette espèce est absente de nos régions this species is not found in our region; l'humour était absent des débats the debates were lacking in humourGB;5 ( absorbé) absent-minded; elle répondit d'une voix absente she replied absent-mindedly.B nm,f1 gén, Scol absentee; ‘absents excusés…’ ‘apologies for absence…’; Pinchon, autre absent remarqué de la réunion… Pinchon, also notably absent from the meeting…; le grand absent du tournoi, Leconte, était tombé malade la veille notably absent from the tournament was Leconte, who had fallen ill the day before;2 ( défunt) liter absent one; il a eu une pensée émue pour les absents he thought with emotion of those no longer with him;3 Jur missing person.les absents ont toujours tort Prov those who are absent always get the blame.( féminin absente) [apsɑ̃, ɑ̃t] adjectif2. [inattentif] absent3. [chose] missing[sentiment] lacking————————, absente [apsɑ̃, ɑ̃t] nom masculin, nom féminin[du travail, de l'école] absentee[dans une famille] absent personon ne fait pas cours, il y a trop d'absents we're not having a lesson today, there are too many pupils missing ou away -
5 nommément
nommément [nɔmemɑ̃]adverba. ( = par son nom) by nameb. ( = spécialement) notably* * *nɔmemɑ̃adverbe specifically, by name* * *nɔmemɑ̃ adv[désigner, citer, accuser] by name* * *nommément adv specifically by name.[nɔmemɑ̃] adverbe1. [par le nom - citer, féliciter] by nameil est nommément mis en cause he, in particular, is implicatedles trois candidats, nommément Francis, Anne et Robert the three candidates, namely Francis, Anne and Robert -
6 notablement
nɔtabləmɑ̃adverbe significantly* * *nɔtabləmɑ̃ adv1) (= considérablement) noticeably2) (= de façon évidente) notably* * *notablement adv significantly.[nɔtabləmɑ̃] adverbe -
7 Fonction Publique, la
(see also Haut Fonctionnaire)The French civil service. Tenured state employees - all 1.75 million of them, including qualified teachers in the state education system - are called fonctionnaires; non-tenured employees are called " agents de la fonction publique" or " contractuels".. In 2005, state employees represented 22% of the workforce in France, more than in any other large European country. Recruitment, promotion and pension rights are all ordered according to arcane and complex rules, which successive governments have talked of modifying, though to little effect. President Sarkozy has promised major reforms of the French civil service, starting with a slimming down of the number of state employees, largely through the non-replacement of 50% of retiring civil servants. Faced with increasing shortfalls in the pensions budget, public sector pension rights are being slowly brought into line with those in the private sector.Jobs in the public sector have always been much sought after in France, notably on account of the job security of the tenured and other essential posts, and good retirement pension schemes. Tenured fonctionnaires have a job for life, and it is very unusual for a fonctionnaire to lose his job; this sanction is normally only applied in cases of serious professional misconduct. Within France, there is occasional animosity from private-sector workers towardsfonctionnaires, who are sometimes projected by the media as having a sheltered and relaxed working life - notably when there are public sector strikes.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Fonction Publique, la
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8 Gaulle , General Charles de
(1890-1970). Prime minister 1944-1946, President 1958-1969.De Gaulle was without doubt the most influential French politician of the twentieth century. Leader of the Free French forces in World War 2, General de Gaulle went on to become the instigator, and the first president, of France's fifth republic. He oversaw French decolonisation of Algeria and other colonies, but was also a strong nationalist, who believed in France's independent nuclear deterrent, and withdrew France from NATO's military command in a move to affirm France's independence with regard notably to the USA. He was one of the leading proponents of the European Economic Community, the EEC, precursor of the European Union, but memorably blocked Britain's application for membership in 1960, considering that Britain was too aligned with the USA.A firm believer in strong central power, he designed the constitution of the Fifth Republic to give very great powers to the President (far greater than in any other major western democracy), leaving the French Parliament as second fiddle. He also sought to model the European Community in the same way, concentrating power in the hands of the Commission, and opposing the extension of the powers of the European Parliament.Notwithstanding, de Gaulle remains an iconic figure in the life of modernFrance, and a point of reference for politicians, notably those on the right. For over thirty years, French conservative political parties have vied with each other to portray themselves as the true bearers of Gaullist values; but with the passing of time, de Gaulle's influence on French politics, and the emblematic value of his name, are declining. The modern UMP party, the party of Presient Sarkozy, may be descended in direct lineage from de Gaulle's RFP and UDR parties, and may define itself as being "gaullist", but the meaning of the word, in that case, has changed.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Gaulle , General Charles de
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9 Indivision
legal term defining the status of property, notably land and buildings, owned jointly by the heirs of a deceased owner. French inheritance laws provide for the obligatory sharing of the estate of a deceased person among his or her direct descendants (children). When, as often, a person does not formally divide up their property among their heirs before death, all their estate passes jointly to their children or nearest family. Until such time as these heirs agree on how the estate will be divided among them, the estate remains in "indivision"; this means that no property can be sold off without the agreement of all the heirs. When one or more of these heirs is out of contact, or deliberately uncooperative, this can lead to a situation where property, notably buildings, remain empty and unsaleable for years on end. However, since 2007, the law has been modified to allow heirs representing at least 2/3 of the rights of ownership to apply to the courts for permission to sell a property; in other words, if two out of three children wish to sell a property, and the third does not, the courts can now prevent the third one from blocking the sale. The heir who does not wish to sell retains the right to buy out the shares of the other heirs. Note that property for which a surviving spouse has a right of usufruct cannot be sold off.Shares in an undivided estate can be sold by any heir who wishes to do so; but the purchaser remains bound by the rules of indivision.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Indivision
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10 Rhône
1) One of the major rivers in France, and the largest French river flowing into the Mediterranean. The Rhône rises in the canton of Valais, in the Swiss Alps, and flows through Lake Geneva, and the city of Geneva itself, before entering France just south west of the city. It then zigzags in a westerly direction through the Bugey area of France, as far as the city of Lyon. At Lyon, where the river is met by its biggest tributary, the Saône, it turns due south, and flows down to the Mediterranean. The mouth of the Rhone is a delta in the area of the Camargue, a short distance to the west of Marseilles. The Total length of the Rhone is 813 km. just over 500 miles. The river is navigable - with canals in places - from the Mediterranean as far as Lyon, and is a major shipping route. However the river flows relatively fast through the steep valley to the south of Lyon, and navigation is not always easy, notably when the river is in spate. The lower valley of the Rhône is a famed wine producing area, with a number of AOC vineyards, most notably the vineyards of Côtes du Rhone2) The name of the French department, no. 69, whose capital is Lyon, the second city in France, population 1.8 million.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Rhône
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11 Soixante-huit
, or 68the milestone year in French life and politics in the second half of the 20th century, when protests by students and workers almost brought down the French government, and led to sweeping changes in French society. The events of 68 were inspired and led by the young generation of the time, wishing to break out of the rather stuffy and conventional society of the time. They coincided with, though initially took a different form to, the 'youth revolution' in Britain and the USA; but while the UK's youth revolution was essentially social and cultural, and led by pop music and op art, France's revolution was political and cultural, a protest against the weight of the Gaullist state.The events of May 68 started on the drab concrete campus of the sprawling university of Nanterre in the northern suburbs of Paris, and quickly spread to other universities, notably the Sorbonne. Student leaders, among them DanielCohn- Bendit and Alain Krivine, called for radical change and the end of the 'bourgeois state'; students erected barricades in the Latin Quarter, and were soon joined by workers, notably from the huge Renault plant at Boulogne Billancourt in the Paris suburbs. Though political, the movement sidelined all existing political parties, including the Communists, considered by the new left-wing as being an 'obsolete' political force.Faced with turmoil on the streets and a partial collapse of French society, President de Gaulle fled to Germany on 29th May, before returning and promising new elections. But by the time the elections took place, theGrenelle agreements had been negotiated with the trade unions, the heat had died down, and many French people had become seriously alarmed by the turn of events. In the June elections, the Gaullist majority was returned to power with an increased majority.The events nevertheless marked the beginning of the end for de Gaulle. In 1969 he organised a referendum on decentralisation, promising to step down if the referendum failed. To a certain extent, de Gaulle's vision of decentralisation was not that wanted by the voters; but in addition, the referendum became seen as a plebiscite on the Gaullist system, rather than on decentralisation. The referendum proposal was rejected by 52.4% of voters, and de Gaulle stepped down.It is certain that a new France, less hide-bound, more emancipated and more free, emerged in the aftermath of 68. Whether this would have happened anyway, and whether the means justified the end, are questions about which there is still considerable debate in France to this day.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Soixante-huit
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12 Verts, les
the French Green Party, founded in 1984 from the amalgamation of two ecology parties. The French Green Party has deputies in the National Assembly, Eurodeputies (MEPs), and also a strong presence in local government in France, notably in towns or other authorities where the Greens are allied with the Socialists. As allies of the Socialists, the Greens even had two ministers in the first Jospin government from 1997 to 2002, in particular the most prominent of their leaders, madame Dominique Voynet.The Greens came to prominence in the1990s, when "red-green" alliances with the Socialists in local politics and national politics led to the election of deputies, of a number of Green mayors, and to the appointment of a number of Greens as deputy mayors in many French cities, notably including Paris. After the 2008 municipal elections, the Greens officially controlled 42 municipalities in France; however, their place in the political landscape of France was weaker than it was a decade earlier, and with the environmental issue being seized by most of France's mainstream political parties, the party faced an uncertain future as a force in French politics. However, under the inspiration of Daniel Cohn Bendit, the French Greens surged back in the 2009 european elections, coming third, just a few thousand votes behind the socialist Party.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Verts, les
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13 CROUS
CROUS [kʀus]masculine noun( = centre régional des œuvres universitaires et scolaires) students' welfare office* * *kʀusnom masculin (abbr = Centre régional d'œuvres universitaires et sociales) French student welfare organization* * *kʀus abr nmCentre régional des œuvres universitaires et scolaires students' representative body* * *CROUS nm (abbr = Centre régional d'œuvres universitaires et sociales) French student welfare organization.ⓘ CROUS The student welfare organization attached to each university. As well as carrying out administration relating to student scholarships and subsistence expenses, running the restaurants universitaires and the cités universitaires or halls of residence, the CROUS organizes social events and trips notably for foreign nationals studying in France.nom propre masculin,Crous nom propre masculin [krus] (abréviation de Centre régional des œuvres universitaires et scolaires)student representative body dealing with accommodation, catering etc. -
14 Dreyfus
[drɛfys] nom propreCaptain Alfred Dreyfus was wrongly convicted of passing military secrets to the Germans in 1894. His innocence was gradually established, notably by Zola's letter J'accuse published in l'Aurore. The affair, exacerbated by the fact that Dreyfus was Jewish, crystallized the opposition between left- and right-wing parties. The nation was divided between dreyfusards, calling for justice and favouring reformist and socialist trends, and the anti-Semitic anti-dreyfusards. -
15 archives
archives [aʀ∫iv]plural feminine noun* * *aʀʃivnom féminin pluriel archives, recordsje vais fouiller dans mes archives — hum I'll go through my (old) papers
* * *archives nfpl archives, records; archives communales parish records; classé aux archives filed in the archives; fouiller dans les archives to go through the archives; je vais fouiller dans mes archives hum I'll go through my (old) papers.archives sonores sound archives.[arʃiv] nom féminin pluriel1. [documents] archives, records2. [lieu] record officeles Archives nationales the French Historical Archives ≃ the Public Record Office (UK), ≃ the National Archives (US)————————d'archives locution adjectivalelibrary (modificateur)The French Historical Archives, which house all legal documents concerning the history of France, were created in 1789. They are open to the public and located in the Marais in Paris.The Archives départementales collect and make available documents issued by the local administration, notably registry documents from communes. They can be consulted by genealogists, historians, students and anybody interested. -
16 plus
c black plus [ply]━━━━━━━━━4. conjunction━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque plus fait partie d'une locution comme d'autant plus, non... plus, reportez-vous aussi à l'autre mot.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. <► ne... plus not any more• je ne reviendrai plus/plus jamais I won't/I'll never come back again• elle n'est plus très jeune she's not as young as she used to be► plus de + nom2. <a. (avec verbe) more━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'adjectif ou l'adverbe est court (une ou deux syllabes), son comparatif se forme généralement avec la terminaison er.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'adjectif se termine par y, son comparatif est formé avec ier.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'adjectif n'a qu'une syllabe brève et se termine par une seule consonne, cette consonne est doublée.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Les mots de deux syllabes se terminant en ing, ed, s, ly forment leur comparatif avec more plutôt qu'en ajoutant la terminaison er.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Attention aux comparatifs irréguliers.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'adjectif ou l'adverbe est long (au moins trois syllabes), son comparatif se forme généralement avec more plutôt qu'en ajoutant la terminaison er.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━d. (locutions)• il y aura plus de 100 personnes there will be more than or over 100 people• il roulait à plus de 100 km/h he was driving at more than or over 100km per hour► à plus ! (inf) see you later!► plus que + adjectif ou adverbe• j'en ai plus qu'assez ! I've had more than enough of this!► de plus ( = en outre) (en tête de phrase) moreover• c'est dangereux, de plus c'est illégal it's dangerous, and what's more, it's illegal• vous n'avez pas une chaise en plus ? you wouldn't have a spare chair?• en plus de cela on top of that► en plus + adjectif• il ressemble à sa mère, mais en plus blond he's like his mother only fairer• je cherche le même genre de maison en plus grand I'm looking for the same kind of house only bigger► ... et plus• il est compétent, mais ni plus ni moins que sa sœur he's competent, but neither more nor less so than his sister► plus... moins the more... the less• plus on le connaît, moins on l'apprécie the more you get to know him, the less you like him► plus... plus the more... the more• plus il en a, plus il en veut the more he has, the more he wants► plus ou moins ( = à peu près, presque) more or less• ils utilisent cette méthode avec plus ou moins de succès they use this method with varying degrees of success► qui plus est moreover3. <a. ► le plus + verbe mostb. ► le plus + adjectif ou adverbe court━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'adjectif ou l'adverbe est court (une ou deux syllabes), son superlatif se forme avec la terminaison est.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'adjectif se termine par y, son superlatif se forme avec la terminaison iest.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'adjectif n'a qu'une syllabe brève et se termine par une seule consonne, cette consonne est doublée.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Les mots de deux syllabes se terminant en ing, ed, s, ly forment leur superlatif avec most plutôt qu'en ajoutant la terminaison est.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque la comparaison se fait entre deux personnes ou deux choses, on utilise le comparatif au lieu du superlatif.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━c. ► le plus + adjectif ou adverbe long━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'adjectif ou l'adverbe est long (au moins trois syllabes), son superlatif se forme avec the most plutôt qu'en ajoutant la terminaison est.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque la comparaison se fait entre deux personnes ou deux choses, on utilise le comparatif au lieu du superlatif.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━d. ► le plus de + nom the moste. (locutions)► le plus... possible• ça vaut 100 € au plus it's worth 100 euros at the most• il a trente ans, tout au plus he's thirty at most• rappelle-moi au plus vite call me back as soon as possible► des plus + adjectif4. <• tous les voisins, plus leurs enfants all the neighbours, plus their children5. <c black b. ( = avantage) plus• ici, parler breton est un plus indéniable being able to speak Breton is definitely a plus here━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━✦ The s of plus is never pronounced when used in negatives, eg il ne la voit plus. When used in comparatives the s is generally pronounced s, eg il devrait lire plus, although there are exceptions, notably plus preceding an adjective or adverb, eg plus grand, plus vite. Before a vowel sound, the comparative plus is pronounced z, eg plus âgé.* * *
I
1. ply, plys, plyz8 plus 3 égale 11 — 8 and ou plus 3 equals 11
plus 10° — plus 10°
2.
adverbe de comparaison1) ( modifiant un verbe) ( comparatif) more; ( superlatif)je ne peux pas faire plus — I can do no more, I can't do any more
plus j'y pense, moins je comprends — the more I think about it, the less I understand
qui plus est — furthermore, what's more
2) ( modifiant un adjectif) ( comparatif) more; ( superlatif) mostc'est le même modèle en plus petit — it's the same model, only smaller
3) ( modifiant un adverbe) ( comparatif) more; ( superlatif) mosttrois heures plus tôt/tard — three hours earlier/later
plus tu te coucheras tôt, moins tu seras fatigué — the earlier you go to bed, the less tired you'll be
3.
adverbe de négationelle ne fume plus — she doesn't smoke any more ou any longer, she no longer smokes
plus besoin de se presser — (colloq) there's no need to hurry any more
il n'y a plus d'œufs — there are no more eggs, there aren't any eggs left
j'entre dans le garage, plus de voiture! — I went into the garage, the car was gone!
plus que trois jours avant Noël! — only three days left ou to go until Christmas!
4.
plus de déterminant indéfini1) ( avec un nom dénombrable)plus tu mangeras de bonbons, plus tu auras de caries — the more sweets GB ou candy US you eat, the more cavities you'll have
il y en a plus d'un qui voudrait être à sa place — quite a few people would like to be in his/her position
je n'ai pas pris plus de crème que toi — I didn't take any more cream than you did, I took no more cream than you did
3) ( avec un numéral)il était déjà bien plus de onze heures — it was already well past ou after eleven o'clock
5.
au plus locution adverbiale at the most
6.
de plus locution adverbiale1) ( en outre) furthermore, moreover, what's more2) ( en supplément)une fois de plus — once more, once again
9% de plus — 9% more
7.
en plus locutionle même modèle avec le toit ouvrant en plus — the same model, only with a sunroof
les taxes en plus — plus tax, tax not included
II plysnom masculin invariable1) Mathématique plus2) (colloq) ( avantage) plus (colloq)
••
plus/le plus used in comparison (meaning more/the most) is pronounced [ply] before a consonant and [plyz] before a vowel. It is pronounced [plys] when at the end of a clause. In the plus de and plus que structures both [ply] and [plys] are generally usedplus used in ne plus (meaning no longer/not any more) is always pronounced [ply] except before a vowel, in which case it is pronounced [plyz]: il n'habite plus ici [plyzisi]1 adjectifs et adverbes courtsEn règle générale on ajoute ‘-er’ à la fin de l'adjectif/adverbe: plus grand/petit/simple = taller/smaller/simpler; plus longtemps/vite = longer/faster- pour certains mots dont l'unique voyelle est une voyelle brève, on double la consonne finale: big/bigger, sad/sadder, dim/dimmer, wet/wetter etc- attention aux adjectifs en ‘y’: sunny devient sunnier, pretty/prettier, happy/happier etc2 adjectifs et adverbes longsOn ajoute more devant le mot: plus beau/compétent/intéressant = more beautiful/competent/interesting; plus facilement/sérieusement = more easily/seriously- certains mots de deux syllabes admettent les deux formes: simple peut produire simpler ou more simple, handsome/handsomer ou more handsome etc- certains mots de deux syllabes n'admettent que la forme avec more: callous/more callous, cunning/more cunning- les adverbes se terminant par ‘-ly’ n'admettent que la forme avec more: quickly/more quickly, slowly/more slowly etc1 adjectifs et adverbes courtsEn règle générale on ajoute ‘(e)st’ à la fin du mot: le plus grand/petit/simple = the tallest/smallest/simplest; le plus longtemps/vite = the longest/fastest- pour certains mots dont l'unique voyelle est une voyelle brève, on double la consonne finale: big- the biggest, sad- the saddest, dim- the dimmest etc- attention aux adjectifs en ‘y’: sunny devient the sunniest, pretty/the prettiest, happy/the happiest etc2 adjectifs et adverbes longsOn ajoute the most devant le mot: le plus beau/compétent/intéressant = the most beautiful/competent/interesting; le plus facilement/sérieusement = the most easily/seriously- certains mots de deux syllabes admettent les deux formes: simple/the simplest ou the most simple, clever/the cleverest ou the most clever etc- certains mots de deux syllabes n'admettent que la forme avec the most: callous/the most callous, cunning/the most cunning etc- les adverbes en ‘-ly’ n'admettent que la forme avec the most: quickly/the most quickly, slowly/the most slowly etcAttention: lorsque la comparaison ne porte que sur deux éléments on utilise la forme du comparatif: le plus doué des deux = the more gifted of the two; la voiture la plus rapide des deux = the faster carL'expression le plus possible est traitée avec possibleOn trouvera ci-contre exemples et exceptions illustrant les différentes fonctions de plus. On trouvera également des exemples de plus dans les notes d'usage. Voir l'index* * *ply, plys1. adv1) (négation)ne... plus — no longer, not... any more
Il ne travaille plus ici. — He's no longer working here., He doesn't work here any more.
Je ne veux plus le voir. — I don't want to see him any more., I no longer want to see him.
ne plus avoir de qch; Je n'ai plus d'argent. — I've got no more money., I've got no money left
Je n'ai plus de pain. — I've got no bread left., I've got no more bread.
2) (comparatif: devant un adjectif) moreIl fait un peu plus froid qu'hier. — It's a bit colder than yesterday.
Elle est plus grande que moi. — She's bigger than me.
Il est plus intelligent que son frère. — He's more intelligent than his brother.
3) (comparaison: non suivi d'un adjectif)Il travaille plus. — He works more.
Il travaille plus que moi. — He works more than me.
4)plus de; Il nous faut plus de pain. — We need more bread.
plus de 3 heures — more than 3 hours, over 3 hours
Il y avait plus de dix personnes. — There were more than 10 people.
plus de minuit — after midnight, past midnight
5)de plus; Il a 3 ans de plus que moi. — He's 3 years older than me.
Le voyage a pris trois heures de plus que prévu. — The journey took 3 hours longer than planned.
Il nous faut un joueur de plus. — We need one more player.
6)en plus; 3 kilos en plus — 3 kilos more
J'ai apporté quelques gâteaux en plus. — I brought a few more cakes.
en plus de; Deux personnes sont arrivées en plus de celles qui étaient déjà là. — Two more people came, in addition to those already there.
7)plus... plus... — the more... the more...
Plus il gagne d'argent, plus il en veut. — The more money he earns, the more he wants.
8)Il y a de plus en plus de touristes par ici. — There are more and more tourists round here.
de plus en plus (suivi d'un adjectif) Il fait de plus en plus chaud. — It's getting hotter and hotter.
9)ni plus ni moins — no more, no less
10) (superlatif)le plus; la plus; les plus — the most
C'est le plus grand de la famille. — He's the tallest in his family., (sans adjectif, modifiant un verbe)
C'est ce qu'elle aime le plus. — That's what she likes most.
de plus — what's more, moreover
en plus de cela... — what is more...
2. conjQuatre plus deux égalent six. — 4 plus 2 is 6.
3. nm(= avantage) plus* * *I.plus ⇒ Note d'usageA prép1 ( dans une addition) 8 plus 3 égale 11 8 and 3 equals 11, 8 plus 3 equals 11; on nous a servi du fromage, un dessert plus du café we were served cheese, a dessert and coffee (as well);2 ( pour exprimer une valeur) un jour il faisait moins 5°, le lendemain plus 10° one day it was minus 5°, the next plus 10°.B adv de comparaison1 ( modifiant un verbe) ( comparatif) more; ( superlatif) le plus the most; il mange/travaille plus (que moi) he eats/works more (than I do ou than me); tu devrais demander plus you should ask for more; je ne peux pas faire plus I can do no more, I can't do any more, I can't do more than that; elle en sait plus que lui sur le sujet she knows more about the subject than he does; c'est plus que je ne peux supporter it's more than I can bear; elle l'aime plus que tout she loves him/her more than anything; il est plus à plaindre qu'autre chose he's more to be pitied than anything else; c'est plus que bien it's more than just good; elle est plus que jolie she's more than just pretty; il a fait plus que l'embaucher, il l'a aussi formé he did more than just hire him, he also trained him; j'en ai plus qu'assez I've had more than enough; elle mange deux fois/trois fois plus que lui she eats twice/three times as much as he does; plus je gagne, plus je dépense the more I earn, the more I spend; plus j'y pense, moins je comprends the more I think about it, the less I understand; plus ça va as time goes on; qui plus est furthermore, what's more; c'est lui qui m'a le plus appris he's the one who taught me the most; quel pays aimes-tu le plus? which country do you like best?; de plus en plus more and more; il fume de plus en plus he smokes more and more;2 ( modifiant un adjectif) ( comparatif) more; ( superlatif) most; deux fois plus vieux/cher twice as old/expensive (que as); trois/quatre fois plus cher three/four times as expensive (que as); il n'est pas plus riche que moi he's no richer than I am ou than me, he isn't any richer than I am ou than me; c'est le même modèle en plus petit it's the same model, only smaller; il est on ne peut plus gentil/désagréable he's as nice/unpleasant as can be; il est plus ou moins fou he's more or less insane; il est plus ou moins artiste he's an artist of sorts; la cuisine était plus ou moins propre the kitchen wasn't particularly clean, the kitchen was clean after a fashion; il a été plus ou moins poli he wasn't particularly polite; ils étaient plus ou moins ivres they were a bit drunk; le plus heureux des hommes the happiest of men; la plus belle de toutes the most beautiful of all; mon vœu le plus cher my dearest wish; l'arbre le plus gros que j'aie jamais vu the biggest tree I've ever seen; son livre le plus court his shortest book; c'est ce qu'il y a de plus beau/important au monde it's the most beautiful/important thing in the world; un livre des plus intéressants a most interesting book; un individu des plus méprisables a most despicable individual; de plus en plus difficile more and more difficult; de plus en plus chaud hotter and hotter;3 ( modifiant un adverbe) ( comparatif) more; ( superlatif) most; trois heures plus tôt/tard three hours earlier/later; deux fois plus longtemps twice as long (que as); trois/quatre fois plus longtemps three/four times as long (que as); ils ne sont pas restés plus longtemps que nous they didn't stay any longer than we did ou than us; il l'a fait plus ou moins bien he didn't do it very well; de plus en plus loin further and further; plus tu te coucheras tard, plus tu auras de mal à te lever the later you go to bed, the harder it'll be for you to get up; plus tu te coucheras tôt, moins tu seras fatigué the earlier you go to bed, the less tired you'll be; c'est moi qui y vais le plus souvent I go there the most often; ça s'est passé le plus simplement/naturellement du monde it happened quite simply/naturally.C adv de négation elle ne fume plus she doesn't smoke any more ou any longer, she no longer smokes, she's given up smoking; il n'habite plus ici he no longer lives here, he doesn't live here any more ou any longer; le grand homme n'est plus the great man is no more; elle ne veut plus le voir she doesn't want to see him any more ou any longer, she no longer wants to see him; il a décidé de ne plus y aller he decided to stop going there; je ne veux plus en entendre parler I don't want to hear any more about it; il n'y est plus (jamais) retourné he never went back there (again); plus jamais ça! never again!; nous ne faisons plus ce modèle we no longer do this model, we don't do this model any more ou any longer; il n'a plus vingt ans ( il n'est plus très jeune) he's not twenty any more, he's no longer twenty; nous n'avons plus d'espoir we've no more hope, we no longer have any hope, we've given up hoping; plus besoin de se presser○ there's no longer any need to hurry, there's no more need to hurry, there's no need to hurry any more; il n'y a plus de pain/d'œufs there is no more bread/there are no more eggs, there isn't any bread left/there aren't any eggs left; je ne veux plus de vin I don't want any more wine; il n'y a plus rien there's nothing left; plus rien ne m'intéresse nothing interests me any more; je ne voyais plus rien I could no longer see anything, I couldn't see a thing any more; il n'y a plus personne dans la pièce there's nobody left in the room, there's no longer anybody in the room; il n'y a plus aucun crayon there aren't any pencils left, there are no more pencils; il n'y a plus aucun problème there's no longer any problem; ce n'est plus du courage, c'est de la folie it's no longer bravery, it's foolhardiness; j'entre dans le garage, plus de voiture○! I went into the garage, the car was gone○!; ce n'est plus qu'une question de jours it's only a matter of days now; il n'y a plus qu'une solution there's only one solution left; il ne restait plus que quelques bouteilles there were only a few bottles left, there was nothing left but a few bottles; il n'y a plus que lui qui puisse nous aider only he can help us now; plus que trois jours avant les vacances! only three days left ou to go until the vacation!; nous n'avons plus qu'à rentrer à la maison all we can do now is go home; il ne me reste plus qu'à vous remercier it only remains for me to thank you.D plus de dét indéf1 ( avec un nom dénombrable) trois/deux fois plus de livres/verres que three times/twice as many books/glasses as; c'est là que j'ai vu le plus de serpents that's where I saw the most snakes; c'est lui qui a le plus de livres he's got the most books; le joueur qui a le plus de chances de gagner the player who is most likely to win; les jeunes qui posent le plus de problèmes the young people who pose the most problems; c'est le candidat qui a remporté le plus de voix he's the candidate who won the most votes; plus tu mangeras de bonbons, plus tu auras de caries the more sweets GB ou candy US you eat, the more cavities you'll have; il y en a plus d'un qui voudrait être à sa place quite a few people would like to be in his/her position;2 ( avec un nom non dénombrable) je n'ai pas pris plus de crème que toi I didn't take any more cream than you did, I took no more cream than you did; il n'a pas plus d'imagination que sa sœur he has no more imagination than his sister, he hasn't got any more imagination than his sister; trois/deux fois plus de vin/talent three times/twice as much wine/talent (que as); le joueur qui a gagné le plus d'argent the player who won the most money;3 ( avec un numéral) elle ne possède pas plus de 50 disques she has no more than 50 records; une foule de plus de 10 000 personnes a crowd of more than ou over 10,000 people; il a plus de 40 ans he's over 40, he's more than 40 years old; les gens de plus de 60 ans people over 60; les plus de 60 ans the over-sixties; il était déjà bien plus de onze heures/midi it was already well past ou after eleven o'clock/midday.F de plus loc adv1 ( en outre) furthermore, moreover, what's more;2 ( en supplément) j'ai mangé deux pommes de plus qu'elle I ate two apples more than she did; donnez-moi deux pommes de plus give me two more apples; ça nous a pris deux heures de plus que la dernière fois it took us two hours longer than last time; j'ai besoin de deux heures de plus I need two more hours; il a trois ans de plus que sa sœur he's three years older than his sister; une fois de plus once more, once again; l'augmentation représente 9% de plus que l'année précédente the rise is 9% more than last year.G en plus loc en plus (de cela) on top of that; il est arrivé en retard et en plus (de cela) il a commencé à se plaindre he arrived late and what' s more ou on top of that he started complaining; c 'est le même modèle avec le toit ouvrant en plus it's the same model, only with a sunroof; c'est tout le portrait de son père, la moustache en plus he's the image of his father, only with a moustache GB ou mustache US; il a reçu 100 euros en plus de son salaire habituel he got 100 euros on top of his usual salary; en plus de son métier d'ingénieur il élève des tatous besides his job as an engineer, he breeds armadillos; les taxes en plus plus tax, tax not included; il s'est passé quelque chose en plus something else happened as well. A note on pronunciation: plus/le plus used in comparison (meaning more/the most) is pronounced [ply] before a consonant and [plyz] before a vowel. It is pronounced [plys] when at the end of a clause. In the plus de and plus que structures both [ply] and [plys] are generally used. plus used in ne plus (meaning no longer/not any more) is always pronounced [ply] except before a vowel, in which case it is pronounced [plyz]: il n'habite plus ici [plyzisi].II.plus nm1 Math plus; le signe plus the plus sign;2 ○( avantage) plus○; son expérience d'enseignant constitue un plus pour lui his teaching experience is a point in his favourGB ou is a plus○.[ply(s)] adverbeA.[COMPARATIF DE SUPÉRIORITÉ]1. [suivi d'un adverbe, d'un adjectif]c'est plus loin it's further ou fartherc'est plus rouge qu'orange it's red rather than ou it's more red than orangec'est plus que gênant it's embarrassing, to say the leastelle a eu le prix mais elle n'en est pas plus fière pour ça she got the award, but it didn't make her any prouder for all thatje veux la même, en plus large I want the same, only biggerencore plus beau more handsome still, even more handsomecinq fois plus cher five times dearer ou as dear ou more expensive2. [avec un verbe] moreje m'intéresse à la question plus que tu ne penses I'm more interested in the question than you thinkB.[SUPERLATIF DE SUPÉRIORITÉ]1. [suivi d'un adverbe, d'un adjectif]le plus loin the furthest ou farthestc'est ce qu'il y a de plus original dans sa collection d'été it's the most original feature of his summer collection2. [précédé d'un verbe] mostc'est moi qui travaille le plus I'm the one who works most ou the hardestC.[ADVERBE DE NÉGATION]1. [avec 'ne']2. [tour elliptique]plus de glace pour moi, merci no more ice cream for me, thanks————————[ply(s)] adjectif————————[ply(s)] conjonction3 plus 3 égale 6 3 plus 3 is ou makes 6il fait plus 5º it's 5º above freezing, it's plus 5º2. [en sus de] plusle transport, plus le logement, plus la nourriture, ça revient cher travel, plus ou and accommodation, plus ou then food, (all) work out quite expensiveplus le fait que... plus ou together with the fact that...————————[ply(s)] nom masculinau plus locution adverbiale[au maximum] at the most ou outsideça coûtera au plus 30 euros it'll cost a maximum of 30 euros ou 30 euros at mostde plus locution adverbialemets deux couverts de plus lay two extra ou more placesil est content, que te faut-il de plus? he's happy, what more do you want?un mot/une minute de plus et je m'en allais another word/minute and I would have left10 euros de plus ou de moins, quelle différence? 10 euros either way, what difference does it make?2. [en trop] too manyen recomptant, je trouve trente points de plus on adding it up again, I get thirty points too manyde plus, il m'a menti what's more, he lied to mede plus en plus locution adverbiale[suivi d'un adverbe] more and morede plus en plus dangereux more and more ou increasingly dangerousça devient de plus en plus facile/compliqué it's getting easier and easier/more and more complicated2. [précédé d'un verbe]de plus en plus de locution déterminante[suivi d'un nom comptable] more and more, a growing number of[suivi d'un nom non comptable] more and morede plus en plus de gens more and more people, an increasing number of peopleil y a de plus en plus de demande pour ce produit demand for this product is increasing, there is more and more demand for this productdes plus locution adverbialeson attitude est des plus compréhensibles her attitude is most ou quite understandableen plus locution adverbiale1. [en supplément] extra (avant nom)les boissons sont en plus drinks are extra, you pay extra for the drinks10 euros en plus ou en moins, quelle différence? 10 euros either way, what difference does it make?[en trop] sparea. [à la fin du jeu] I've got one card left overb. [en distribuant] I've got one card too manyet vous emportez une bouteille de champagne en plus! and you get a bottle of Champagne as well ou on top of that ou into the bargain!elle a une excellente technique et en plus, elle a de la force her technique's first-class and she's got strength tooet elle m'avait menti, en plus! not only that but she'd lied to me (as well)!je ne tiens pas à le faire et, en plus, je n'ai pas le temps I'm not too keen on doing it, and besides ou what's more, I've no timeen plus de locution prépositionnelleen plus du squash, elle fait du tennis besides (playing) squash, she plays tenniset plus locution adverbiale45 kilos et plus over 45 kilos, 45 odd kilosni plus ni moins locution adverbialeje te donne une livre, ni plus ni moins I'll give you one pound, no more no lesstu t'es trompé, ni plus ni moins you were mistaken, that's allnon plus locution adverbialeje ne sais pas — moi non plus! I don't know — neither do I ou nor do I ou me neither!on ne peut plus locution adverbialeplus de locution déterminante1. [comparatif, suivi d'un nom] moreelle roulait à plus de 150 km/h she was driving at more than 150 km/h ou doing over 150 km/hil est plus de 5 h it's past 5 o'clock ou after 52. [superlatif, suivi d'un nom]les plus de 20 ans people over 20, the over-20splus... moins locution correlativethe more... the lessplus il vieillit, moins il a envie de sortir the older he gets, the less he feels like going outplus ça va, moins je la comprends I understand her less and less (as time goes on)plus... plus locution correlativethe more... the moreplus je réfléchis, plus je me dis que... the more I think (about it), the more I'm convinced that...plus ça va, plus il est agressif he's getting more and more aggressive (all the time)plus ça va, plus je me demande si... the longer it goes on, the more I wonder if...plus ou moins locution adverbialec'est plus ou moins cher, selon les endroits prices vary according to where you arequi plus est locution adverbialewhat's ou what is moresans plus locution adverbialec'était bien, sans plus it was nice, but nothing moretout au plus locution adverbialec'est une mauvaise grippe, tout au plus it's a bad case of flu, at the most -
17 timbre
timbre [tɛ̃bʀ]masculine nouna. ( = vignette) stamp• timbre à la nicotine or antitabac (inf) nicotine patchb. [d'instrument, voix] timbre* * *tɛ̃bʀnom masculin1) (vignette, marque, instrument) stamp; ( cachet de la poste) postmark2) (de voix, d'instrument) tone, timbre; ( de voyelle) timbretimbre chaud/riche — warm/rich tone
3) ( sonnette) bell4) Médecine patch•Phrasal Verbs:* * *tɛ̃bʀ nm1) (timbre-poste) stamp2) [voix, instrument] timbre, tone3) (= tampon) stamp4) (= sonnette) bell* * *timbre nm1 ( vignette) stamp; timbre tarif rapide/tarif lent first-class/second-class stamp; timbre à 46 centimes (d’euro) 46-cent stamp; timbre premier jour first-day cover;3 ( instrument) stamp; timbre sec/humide embossing/ink stamp;4 ( sonorité) gén tone; Mus timbre; ( de voyelle) timbre; voix au timbre voilé husky voice; timbre chaud/riche warm/rich tone; voix sans timbre toneless voice;6 Méd patch; timbre à la nicotine nicotine patch; timbre tuberculinique test square (for tuberculin patch test).timbre dateur date stamp; timbre fiscal stamp affixed to official document e.g. passport.[tɛ̃br] nom masculinA.1. → link=timbre-poste timbre-poste2. [vignette - au profit d'une œuvre] sticker (given in exchange for a donation to charity) ; [ - attestant un paiement] stamp (certifying receipt of payment)3. [sceau, marque] stamp4. [instrument marqueur] stamp5. DROIT6. MÉDECINEB.1. ACOUSTIQUE [qualité sonore - d'un instrument] tone, timbre, colour ; [ - d'une voix] tone, resonanceun beau timbre de voix beautiful mellow tones, a beautiful rich voice2. [sonnette] bell[de porte] doorbell3. MUSIQUE [instrument] (small) bellThese stamps are sold at most tobacconists and are used to pay fees due for obtaining official documents (driving licence, passport etc) and to pay fines (notably for driving and parking offences). -
18 Appellation contrôlée
(or AOC)Quality label used to given to certain types of food or drink (notably wines and cheeses) that come from a specific geographic area, and are produced according to specific quality and quantity criteria. Since 2009, AOC labels are in the process of becoming AOP labels, Appellation d'Origine Protégée, following a shake up in wine classification affecting the whole European Union.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Appellation contrôlée
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19 Arrondissement
The word used to define the administrative districts of the major French cities, notably Paris, Lyon and Marseilles. The city of Paris (that is Paris within the limits of the old walls and the modern boulevard périphérique) is divided into 20 arrondissements, numbered clockwise and in concentric circles from the centre. Probably the two most famous arondissements are the fifth, containing the Latin quarter and the Sorbonne, and the sixteenth, the most affluent district of central Paris. Each arrondissement has its local council and its mayor, as well as its town hall orhotel de ville.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Arrondissement
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20 Balladur, Edouard
(born 1929)Conservative politician, and Prime Minister of France from 1993 to 1995. Minister of the Economy in the first "Cohabitation" government of Jacques Chirac during the first Mitterrand presidency, he was appointed Prime Minister by Mitterrand at the start of his second term in office. While Chirac incarnated the traditional Gaullist wing of the conservative RPR party, Balladur was seen as more modern, more libéraland more European in his outlook - but also rather aloof and patrician. In 1995, he ran against Chirac for the presidency, and was at one time tipped as favourite, but lost out in the first round. Divisions in the RPR between the Chiraquiens and the Balladurians lasted for several years after this, notably with the sidelining by Chirac of an up-and-coming young minister, NicolasSarkozy.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Balladur, Edouard
См. также в других словарях:
Notably — Not a*bly, adv. In a notable manner. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
notably — index particularly Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
notably — [adv] especially conspicuously, distinctly, exceedingly, exceptionally, extremely, greatly, highly, hugely, markedly, noticeably, outstandingly, particularly, prominently, remarkably, reputably, signally, strikingly, uncommonly, very; concept 569 … New thesaurus
notably — ► ADVERB 1) in particular. 2) in a notable way … English terms dictionary
notably — [[t]no͟ʊtəbli[/t]] 1) ADV GRADED: ADV group/cl You use notably to specify an important or typical example of something that you are talking about. The divorce would be granted when more important problems, notably the fate of the children, had… … English dictionary
notably — no|ta|bly [ noutəbli ] adverb FORMAL ** 1. ) especially: A few issues remain, notably the question of whether the companies should be nationalized. most notably: Some subjects are very popular, most notably the sciences. 2. ) in a way that is… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
notably */*/ — UK [ˈnəʊtəblɪ] / US [ˈnoʊtəblɪ] adverb formal 1) especially: used for introducing a good example of something A few issues remain, notably the question of whether the companies should be nationalized. most notably: Some subjects are very popular … English dictionary
notably — no|ta|bly W3 [ˈnəutəbli] adv 1.) used to say that a person or thing is a typical example or the most important example of something = ↑especially, in particular ↑in particular ▪ Some early doctors, notably Hippocrates, thought that diet was… … Dictionary of contemporary English
notably — adverb Date: 14th century 1. in a notable manner ; to a high degree < was notably impressed > 2. especially, particularly < other powers, notably Britain and the United States C. A. Fisher > … New Collegiate Dictionary
notably — adverb 1 particularly; especially: Some early doctors, notably Hippocrates, thought that diet and hygiene were important. 2 in a way that is noticeably different, important, or unusual: Emigration has notably increased … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
notably — adverb 1) other countries, notably the USA Syn: in particular, particularly, especially, primarily, principally 2) these are notably short lived birds Syn: remarkably, especially, exceptionally, singularly, particu … Synonyms and antonyms dictionary