nomen+nescio

1. citō, Compar. citius, Superl. citissimē, Adv. (v. citus, a, um), I) schnell, rasch (Ggstz. tarde), cito tollere alqd, Cato: c. discere alqd, Cic. – aut citius insistere aut longius procedere, Cic.: duobus mensibus citius, Liv.: citius supremā die, Hor.: dicto citius, Hor. u. Verg., dicto prope citius, Liv.: solito citius, Ov.: serius aut citius, früh oder spät, Ov.: tardius an citius, Sen.: vel citius vel tardius, Augustin. – se in currus citissime recipere, Caes.: citissime crescere, Plin. – II) übtr.: a) mit einer Negation = non facile, nicht leicht, haud cito, Ter.: non tam cito, quam etc., Cic. – c) Komparat. citius quam, eher od. leichter als, vielmehr als, Plaut., Cic. u. Liv.: bes. citius diceres, dixerim, quam od. quam ut, Cic. u. Liv.; vgl. Fabri Liv. 24, 3, 12.

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2. cito, āvi, ātum, āre (Frequ. v. cio = cieo), rege machen, sich rühren machen, I) = immer od. rasch in Bewegung setzen od. erhalten, 1) Lebl.: alumen fossile in foramen coniectum dentem citat, macht wackeln (locker), Cels.: medicamentum, quod umorem illuc citat, die krankhaften Säfte dorthin ableitet, Cels. – 2) leb. Wesen, u. zwar durch den Ruf der Stimme herbeirufen, anrufen, aufrufen, a) übh.: rogitare citatos nautas, Prop.: noto quater ore citari, Ov.: reliquique Graeci, qui hoc anapaesto citantur, Cic.: iube istos omnes ad nomen citari, Sen.: citari ex proximo, Frontin. – b) als t. t.: α) v. Präko u. v. Magistrat durch den Präko, wohin laden, einladen, vorladen, vorbescheiden, vorfordern, zu erscheinen, sich zu stellen, aufrufen, αα) den Senat zur Versammlung: patres in curiam, Liv.: senatum in forum, Liv.: patres in curiam per praeconem ad regem Tarquinium citari iussit, Liv.: postquam citati (patres) non conveniebant, dimissi circa domos apparitores, Liv.: lex a sexagesimo anno senatorem non citat, Sen. – u. Feldherren zur Versammlung, cum praeco, exceptis qui nominatim citarentur, adire (regiam) prohiberet, Curt. – ββ) das Volk zum Votieren, in campo Martio centuriatim populum, Liv. – γγ) bei od. noch dem Zensus, sowohl die Ritter bei der Musterung, cum praeco cunctaretur citare ipsum censorem »Cita«,

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inquit Nero, »M. Livium«, Liv.: senio insignibus permisit, praemisso in ordine equo, ad respondendum, quotiens citarentur, pedibus venire, Suet. – als auch die alten u. neuaufgenommenen Senatoren, c. senatum eo ordine, qui ante censores App. Claudium et C. Plautium fuerat, Liv. – δδ) die kriegspflichtigen Bürger zur Enrollierung u. Ablegung des Fahneneides (Ggstz. respondere, non respondere), iuniores nominatim, Liv.: tribus urbanas ad sacramentum, Suet.: citari nominatim unum ex iis, qui etc., Liv.: primum nomen urnā extractum citari iubet, den ersten, dessen Name aus der Urne gezogen wurde, Val. Max.: nec citatus in tribu civis respondisset, Liv.: citati milites nominatim apud tribunos militum in verba P. Scipionis iuraverunt, Liv. – εε) vor Gericht (Ggstz. respondere, adesse, excusar i), sowohl die Richter, quo quidem die primum, iudices, citati in hunc reum consedistis etc., Cic.: si Lysiades citatus iudex non responderit excuseturque, Cic. – als den Ankläger, den Prozeßführer, den Beklagten, in publicis certe iudiciis vox illa praeconis praeter patronos ipsum qui egerit citat, Quint: mane Kal. Decembr., ut edixerat, Sthenium citari iubet, Cic.: citat reum, non respondet; citat accusatorem, citatus accusator, M. Pacilius, nescio quo casu non respondit, non adfuit, Cic.: u. so bes. den Beklagten, tota denique rea citaretur Etruria, Cic.: canes citati non respondent, Phaedr.: citari de

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tribunali, Cic., od. pro tribunali, Suet.: citare alqm ad tribunal, Flor.: citari ad causam dicendam, Suet.: u. Pseud. At tu cita. Calid. Immo ego tacebo; tu istinc ex cera cita, Plaut. Pseud. 31 sq. – dies tamen dicta ad quam non adfuerat, absens citatus, Liv.: nec per triduum per singulos dies ter citatus reus damnatur, Papin. dig. – mit Ang. des Verbrechens, weswegen? oder der Strafe, worauf? man vorladet (anklagt) im Genet., reus citatur audaciae, Ps. Cic. prid. quam iret in exs. 6: omnes ii...abs te capitis C. Rabirii nomine citantur, Cic. Rab. perd. 31: übtr., ne proditi mysterii reus a philosophis citaretur, Lact. 3, 16, 5. – als auch Zeugen, in hanc rem te, Naevi, testem citabo, Cic.: cum datis testibus alii tamen citarentur, Cic.: cum scorta citari adversus se et audiri pro testimonio videret, Suet.: u. übtr., c. alqm testem rerum a se gestarum, Liv.: falso numina magna Iovis, Ov.: poëtas ad testimonium, Petr.: auctores ipsos ad veri probationem testes, Lact.: magistratuum libros linteos auctores, Liv.: quamvis citetur Salamis clarissimae testis victoriae, Cic. – u. endlich die Verurteilten, praeconis audita vox citantis nomina damnatorum, der die Namen der V. = die Verurteilten beim Namen vorforderte, Liv. – ζζ) einen Sieger aufrufen, damit er den Preis entgegennimmt, victorem Olympiae citari, Nep. praef. § 5. – β) v. Konsul, die Senatoren zur Abgabe ihrer Meinung aufrufen, auffordern, haec

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illi, quo quisque ordine citabantur, Plin. ep. 9, 13, 18. – γ) vom Sklavenaufseher, mancipia ergastuli cotidie per nomina, mit Namen aufrufen, verlesen, Col. 11, 1, 22. – δ) eine Gottheit zur Hilfeleistung aufrufen, anrufen, alqm falso, Ov. fast. 5, 683: alqm ad suum munus, Catull. 61, 42. – II) = etw. rasch zur Erscheinung bringen, 1) übh.: a) durch äußere od. innere Anregung, körperlich, erregen, hervortreiben, teils als mediz. t. t., alvum, Durchfall verursachen (v. Kräutern), Col.: pituitam, Schleimabsonderung bewirken (v. Husten), Cels.: pus, Eiterung erregen (v. Heilmitteln), Cels.: sanguinem, Blutung bewirken, Cels.: urinam, die Absonderung (Sekretion) des Urins befördern (Ggstz. tardare; v. Speisen), Cels. – als t. t. des Landbaues, Gewächse, radices, palmitem, Col., virgam e duro, Col.: fructum e duro, Pallad. – b) durch die Stimme, fort u. fort anstimmen, immer hören lassen, immer ausrufen, paeanem, Cic. de or. 1, 251: ab ovo usque ad mala »io Bacche!« Hor. sat. 1, 3, 7: ithyphallica, Ter. Maur. 1845. – 2) prägn., einen Zustand erregen, bewirken, hervorrufen, omnibus risus, Lampr. Heliog. 29, 3: isque (animi) motus aut boni aut mali opinione citatur, Cic. Tusc. 3, 24. – ⇒ Parag. Infin. Praes. Pass. citarier, Catull. 61, 42.

1. ex-cido, cidī, ere (ex u. cado), heraus-, herabfallen, entfallen, I) eig.: A) im allg.: sol excidisse mihi e mundo videtur, Cic.: omnes illi nefarii gladii de manibus crudelissimis exciderunt, Cic.: excidit tabella mihi, Ov.: exc. lacertis, Hor.: exc. equo, Sen.: volvae (vulvae) excidunt, fallen vor, Plin. – poet., vinclis excidet, wird entkommen, entschlüpfen, Verg. georg. 4, 410. – mit Angabe wohin? sagitta excidit in pedem, Plin.: elephanti excidunt in flumen, Liv. – B) insbes.: 1) beim Losen = herauskommen, ut cuiusque sors exciderat, Liv. 21, 42, 3: quod primum sorte nomen excidit, Liv. 23, 3, 7. – 2) aus-, entfallen, verloren gehen, v. Geld, Plaut.: v. Zähnen, Plaut.: excidunt cornua cervis, Cic. fr.: litteras (Brief) excidisse in via, Cic. – II) übtr., A) im allg.: ut quodammodo victoria e manibus excideret, entschtüpfte, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 10, 2. – mit Angabe wohin? versus qui in breves (syllabas) excidunt, abfallen, ausgehen, Quint.: in vitium libertas excidit, sinkt herab, artet aus, Hor. – B) insbes.: 1) entfallen, entwischen, entschlüpfen (= von ungefähr od. wider Willen gesagt od. getan werden), verbum ex ore alcis od. bl. alci excidit, Cic.: vox horrenda per auras excidit, fiel aus den Lüften, Verg.: nefas excidit ore, Verg.: libellus me invito excidit, Cic.: quomodo exciderit (oratio), nescio, Cic. ep. – 2) entschwinden, vergehen, verloren gehen, a) übh.:

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vultus, oratio, mens denique excidit, Cic.: vera virtus, cum semel excidit etc., Hor.: omnis luctus excidit, Ov.: posse fame vinci spes excidit, Ov. – excidit illa metu, verlor die Besinnung, Ov. art. am. 1, 539: excidere sibi, aufhören bei sich selbst zu sein, die Gewalt über sich od. die Besinnung verlieren, Sen. de ira 3, 14, 1. Sen. Phaedr. (Hippol.) 598. – b) insbes., dem Gedächtnisse entfallen, entschwinden = vergessen werden, memoria arcis excidit, Liv.: exciderunt praecepta dictatoris, Liv.: cogitatio mihi non excidit, Cic.: nomen tuum mihi excidit, Ov.: so auch ex omnium animis, Liv.: exc. animo, Verg., Quint. u.a.: excidere de memoria, Liv. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., excidit vobis eundem Democritum invenisse, quemadmodum etc., Sen. ep. 90, 33: non excidit mihi scripsisse me, ich habe nicht vergessen, Quint. 2, 3, 10; vgl. 11, 3, 130: m. folg. ut u. Konj., excidit, ut peterem iuvenes quoque protinus annos, Ov. met. 14, 139. – übtr., auf die Pers., excidens, einer, der etw. vergessen hat, vergeßlich, palam moneri excidentis est, zeugt von Vergeßlichkeit, Quint. 11, 3, 132; vgl. 11, 2, 19. – 3) wie εκπίπτειν, a) um etwas kommen, etwas einbüßen, einer Sache verlustig gehen, sie verlieren, ex familia, Plaut. Men. 667: de regno, Liv. epit. 29. – gew. m. bl. Abl., uxore, Ter.: regno, Curt.: primo aevo, Prop.: praeturā et vitā, Sen.: formulā, den Prozeß verlieren, Sen. u. Suet. – dah. b) etwas ver-

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fehlen (= in etwas nicht glücklich sein), magnis ausis, Ov.: fine (des Zweckes), Quint. – 4) von jmd. = von jmds. Meinung abgehen, abweichen, ab Arciloco, Lucil. 698.

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2. ex-cīdo, cīdī, cīsum, ere (ex u. caedo), heraushauen, -schneiden, ausschneiden, abhauen, abschneiden, I) eig.: A) im allg.: exc. lapides e terra, Cic.: exc. columnas rupibus, Verg.: excisa in immensam altitudinem saxa, Sen.: arbor excisa, non evulsa, Cic.: haec tibi excidenda est lingua; quā evulsā etc., Cassius b. Cic.: exc. caput, Plin.: alci caput, Vulc. Cass. (u. caput eius excisum, Capit.): exc. partum mulieri, Marcell. dig.: exc. os, testiculum, Cels. – B) insbes.: 1) verschneiden, kastrieren, exc. genitalia, Sen.: virilitatem, Quint.: exc. alqm, Mart. u. ICt.: exc. se, Ov. – 2) prägn.: a) aushauen, aushöhlen = aushauend hohl machen od. durchbrechen, saxum, Cic.: montem, Suet.: latus rupis in (zu) antrum, Verg. – u. = aushauend, aushöhlend bereiten, peltam, Verg.: stagnum in petra, Col.: obeliscum, Plin.: vias inter montes, Plin.: bildl., Quint. 2, 4, 7. – b) einhauen, zertrümmern, zerstören, verwüsten (s. Bünem. Lact. 1, 18, 8. Beier u. Gernh. Cic. de off. 1, 76), α) eine Örtl.: portas, sprengen, Caes.: domos, Cic.: moenia, Flor.: murum, Hor.: urbem, Cic.: Antium, Vell.: Corinthum, Suet.: Germaniam, Vell.: agros, Vell. – β) eine Pers., vernichten, aufreiben, vertilgen, ihr den Untergang bereiten, exercitum, Vell.: gentem Teutonum, Vell.: hostem in aeternum, Tac.: Francorum vires penitus, Eumen. pan. – II) übtr.: a) tilgen, strei-

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chen, alqm numero civium, Plin. ep. 8, 18, 6. – b) ausrotten, gänzlich verbannen, mit der Wurzel vertilgen, vernichten, gänzlich zerrütten, zugrunde richten, α) eig., silvas, Vell. – β) übtr., illud tristissimum tempus ex animo, Cic.: iram animis, Sen.: vitium irae, Hor.: iram penitus, Lact.: veritatem penitus, Lact.: illud malum, Brut. in Cic. ep. ad Brut.: causas bellorum, Tac.: multorum status (Wohlstand), Tac.: bis terrores rei publicae, Vell.

littera, ae, f. (lino), der Buchstabe, I) eig.: A littera, Cic., u. littera A, Vitr.: U et O litterae, Quint.: verba ac litterae legis, der B. des G. (Ggstz. sententia voluntasque), Cic. – nescius litterarum, der nicht schreiben kann, Varro: ignarus litterarum et carminum, Tac.: lenis appellatio litterarum, Cic.: litterarum ductus, Züge der B., Quint.: prima litterarum elementa, das ABC, Alphabet, Quint.: litterae figura, Plin.: litterarum formae, Cic., Quint. u. Tac.: Graecae litterae imago, quae delta dicitur, Mela (vgl. Delta, quod nomen a similitudine litterae accepit, Auct. b. Alex.): litterarum inventores, Tac.: miraculum litterarum (der B. = der Schreibkunst), Liv.: litterarum u. priscarum litterarum notae (Schriftzeichen), Cic.: litterarum nomina, Vib. Sequ.: litterarum nomina et contextus, Quint.: litterarum ordo, Plin. u. Suet.: series litterarum, Amm.: scientia litterarum, Schreibkunst, Paul. dig. 29, 2, 93. § 1 (vesch. von unten no. II, B, 2, c): litterarum simulacra, Sen.: homo trium litterarum, d.i. FUR, der Dieb, Plaut.: is (magister pastorum) sine litteris (ohne lesen u. schreiben zu können) idoneus non est, Varro. – litterae argenteae, Cic., aureae, Tac.: unius et viginti litterarum formae aureae, Cic.: littera (die Schriftzüge AI) communis pueroque viroque, Ov.: litterae cruentae, Cic.: eburneae litterarum formae, Quint.: littera finalis, Endbuchstabe, Macr.: fu-

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nesta (die Schriftzüge der Totenklage AI), Ov.: litterae grandes, Unzial-, Versalbuchstaben, Cic.: littera Graeca, Cic. u.a.: quattuor atque viginti Graecae litterae, Aur. Vict.: litterae inanes (tote), Liv. 3, 56, 13 u. 33, 31, 2 (versch. von unten no. II, B, 2, b): lapidariae, Steinschrift, Lapidarschrift, Petron.: Latinae, Cic. u. Tac.: lepidae, Plaut.: littera longa, Plaut.: litterae maximae, Unzialbuchstaben, Cic.: minutae, Plaut. u. Cic.: minutulae, Vopisc., minutissimae, Suet.: littera quadrata, Unzialschrift, Petron.: litterae oblitteratae, Tac.: priscae, Cic. u. Liv.: littera salutaris (das A als Abkürzung von absolvo), Ggstz. littera tristis (das C als Abkürzung von condemno), Cic. Mil. 15: littera sanguinolenta, Ov.: litterae veterrimae Graecorum, Tac. – tres litteras adicere (sc. Latinis litteris), Tac.: obscenius concurrunt litterae, Cic.: Helvetiorum tabulae litteris Graecis confectae, Caes.: epistula Graecis conscripta litteris, Caes.: tabula conscripta litteris verbisque Graecis, Suet.: alqd litteris consignare od. custodire, etw. schriftlich aufzeichnen, Cic.: hinc liber non parum continet litterarum, ist schon ausführlich genug geworden, Cic.: eos versus in litteras dare, niederschreiben, Macr.: digerere in litteram, alphabetisch ordnen, Sen.: litteras discere, das Alphabet lernen, Plaut.: litterarum nomina et contextum prius quam formas discere, Quint.: apud alqm litteras discere, bei jmd. lesen lernen, Cic.: litte-

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ra pro verbis, quam pes in pulvere duxit, Schriftzeichen, die der Fuß im St. zog, Ov.: reliquas gemmas per litterarum ordinem (in alphabetischer Ordnung) explicare, Plin.: nulla quae possit exstat littera Nasonis sanguinolenta legi, Ov.: ne illi sit cera, ubi facere possit litteras (schreiben könne), Plaut.: ne litteram quidem ullam focimus (habe geschrieben) nisi forensem, Cic.: ex se facere litteram longam (ein I), sich aufhängen, Plaut.: eius diei senatus consulta aureis litteris figere in curia, in goldener Schrift an der Kurie anbringen, Tac.: littera fundit se (zerfließt auf dem Papier), Plin.: haerere circa litterarum formas, noch beim Buchstabieren stehen, Quint.: rostro humi A litteram imprimere (v. Schwein), Cic.: litteras incīdere in lignum, Gell.: grandibus litteris nomen incīdere, Cic.: foedus litteris incīdere, Liv.: in basi statuarum maximis litteris incisum esse, Cic.: de alqa re littera nulla in eorum scriptis invenitur, Cic.: legere (lesen können) litteras minutulas, Vopisc.: alqd litteris mandare, niederschreiben, Cic. u. Caes.: ad me litteram numquam misit, Cic. (u. so ellipt., neque ullam litteram ad me, verst. misit, Cic.): alqm (= alcis vitam) in litteras mittere, jmds. Leben niederschreiben, Vopisc.: vellem nescirem litteras! u. quam vellem nescire litteras! o daß ich doch nicht schreiben könnte! Sen. de clem. 2, 1, 2 u. Suet. Ner. 10, 2 (versch. von unten no. II, B, 2, c): litteris parcere,

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das Papier schonen, Cic.: nullam litteram pupillo, nullam matri eius, nullam tutoribus reddidit, gab dafür keinen B., Cic.: vitam alcis in litteras referre, niederschreiben, Vopisc.: sedecim litterarum formas repperisse, Tac.: litteram nullam reliquisse (hinterlassen haben), Cic.: littera alia aliam scandit, Plaut.: scire litteras, die B. kennen = lesen od. schreiben können, Plaut. truc. 735. Cornif. rhet. 3, 30. Vitr. 1, 1, 4; dah. auch = die Buchführung verstehen, Cic. de rep. 5, 5 (versch. von unten no. II, B, 2, c): si unam litteram Graecam scisset (verstanden hätte), Cic. Verr. 4, 127: lapidarias litteras scire, die Lapidarschrift kennen, Petron. 58, 7: nullam litteram scripsisse (schriftlich aufgezeichnet haben, v. einem Dichter), Cic.: has (litteras) gallina scripsit, Plaut.: super (oben über der Tür) quadratā litterā scriptum CAVE CANEM, Petron.: lex vetusta est, priscis litteris verbisque scripta, Liv.: litterarum ductus sequi, Quint.: sonos vocis paucis litterarum notis terminare, auf nur w. B. beschränken = mit nur w. B. bezeichnen, Cic.: locum (eine Stelle aus einem Buche) ad litteras subicere, buchstäblich unten anführen, Ouint.: ut plerique in litteras tradunt, schriftlich überliefern, Spart.: in reliquis rebus Graecis litteris uti, Caes.: suis litteris perverse uti, von der Rechten zur Linken schreiben (von den Ägyptern), Mela.

II) meton.: A) Sing. littera, 1) die Schriftzüge, die

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Handschrift jmds., Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae, weil sie deinen Schriftzügen so ganz ähnlich war, Cic. ad Att. 7, 2, 3.

2) poet. statt Plur. litterae, das Geschriebene, die Aufzeichnung, a) das Schreiben, der Brief, Ov. her. 3, 1; 5, 2; 6, 9; 12, 114; amor. 1, 12, 2; met. 9, 515 u.a. Tibull. 3, 2, 27. Mart. 10, 73, 1. Vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ 1, 685. – b) eine Handschrift = eine Schuldverschreibung, ein Schuldschein, littera poscetur, Ov. art. am. 1, 428. – c) eine Grabschrift, in sepulchro si non urna, tamen iunget nos littera, Ov. met. 11, 706. – d) die Literaturrichtung, Ov. trist. 5, 3, 54.

B) Plur. litterae, das Geschriebene, 1) im allg., die schriftliche Aufzeichnung, quod parvae et rarae per eadem tempora litterae fuere, Liv. 6, 1, 2: rarae per ea tempora litterae erant, Liv. 7, 3, 6: eos, qui discunt, litteris confisos minus memoriae studere, Caes. b. G. 6, 14, 4 (versch. litteris confidere unten no. II, B, 2, c aus Vitr. 1, 1, 2): sed, quod litteris exstet (soweit die schr. Aufz. reicht), Pherecydes Syrius primus dixit animos esse hominum sempiternos, Cic. Tusc. 1, 38: sed propria legis et ea, quae scripta sunt, et ea, quae sine litteris (ohne geschrieben zu sein) aut gentium iure aut maiorum more retinentur, Cic. part. or. 130.

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2) insbes.: a) die Schrift, das Schriftstück, der Aufsatz, das Dokument, die Urkunde, die Verfügung, der Kontrakt, meae litterae, Cic.: litterae divinae, sanctae, heilige Schrift, Bibel, Lact.: dass. litterae sacrae, Augustin.: Graecae de philosophia litterae, Cic.: priscae Graecorum litterae, Cic.: litterae ad sacra pertinentes, Ritualbücher, Lact.: litterae publicae (Urkunden), Cic.: litterae imperatorum, Schriftstücke, Dokumente, Tac.: hanc scientiam pluribus et illustrioribus litteris (Werke) explicare, Cic.: cedo mihi eiusdem praetoris litteras (Schriften, Protokolle) et rerum decretarum et frumenti imperati, Cic.: eos libros omnes litterasque deferre, Bücher u. Schriften (Weissagebücher, Gebetsformeln, Ritualbücher), Liv.: heres eius venit eo, ubi non modo res (das Vermögen) erat, sed ratio (Rechnungen) quoque omnis et omnes litterae (alle darauf bezüglichen Schriftstücke), Cic.: litteras (schriftliche Beweise) conquirere, Cic.: sanctae litterae docent (in der Bibel steht), m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Lact.: quas ego litteras (Urkunden) obsignandas publico signo et deportandas (hierher bringen) curavi, Cic.: cum ab omnibus (civitatibus Siciliae) mandata, legatos, litteras (Urkunden) testimoniaque sumpsissem (angenommen hatte), Cic.: hic propter magnitudinem furti sunt, ut opinor, litterae factae, ist ein Kaufbrief (Kaufkontrakt) angefertigt worden, Cic.: litteras (das Ernennungsschreiben, Di-

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plom) revocavit, Suet.

b) der Brief, das Schreiben, auch ein amtliches, der Bericht, der Erlaß, die Botschaft, Depesche, der Auftrag (vgl. epistula), litterae ab alqo, Caes.: litterae ad alqm, Cic.: litterae in (gegen) alqm, Tac. ann. 6, 9: ecce tuae litterae de Varrone, Cic. – nuntii litteraeque, litterae nuntiique, Caes. – litterae regis, Liv.: litterae Caesaris, Caes.: litterae grates agentes, Danksagungsschreiben, Tac.: litterae commendantium, Empfehlungsschreiben, Fronto: litterae paucorum versuum (Zeilen), Liv. – res dignae litteris nostris, die verdienen, daß ich sie dir mitteile, Cic.: ad litteras scribendas pigerrimus, Cael. in Cic. ep.: tempus mutum a litteris, Cic. – fasciculus litterarum, Cic.: libri (Faszikel) allatarum (angekommener) u. missarum (abgegangener) litterarum, Cic.: vicissitudo litterarum, Briefwechsel, Hieron. epist. 8 in. – tanta auctoritas litterarum, so wichtige Briefe, Cic.: brevitas tuarum litterarum, Cic.: tanta erat crebritas litterarum, Cic.: nullus delectus litterarum, Cic.: litterarum tuarum accuratissima diligentia, Cic.: exemplum (Abschrift) Caesaris litterarum, Cic.: humanitas litterarum tuarum, Cic.: inconstantia mearum litterarum, Cic.: inopia testium ac litterarum, Cic.: intermissio litterarum tuarum, Cic.: si intervallum longius erit mearum litterarum, Cic.: litterarum multitudine alci molestiorem esse, Cic.: litterarum neglegentia,

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Saumseligkeit im Briefschreiben, Cic.: prudentia litterarum tuarum valde mihi grata est, Cic.: iucundus est mihi sermo litterarum tuarum, Cic. – litterae acerbae, acerbissimae, Cic.: satis aculeatae, Cic.: amabiles, Cic.: antemeridianae, am Vormittag eingetroffene od. empfangene (Ggstz. postmeridianae od. vespertinae), Cic.: antiquiores litterae, von früherem Datum, Cic.: ardentes in alqm litterae, Cic.: litterae argutissimae, Cic.: atrocissimae (entsetzlicher), Cic.: breves, Cic.: commendaticiae, Empfehlungsschreiben, Cic. u. ICt.: binae continuae, Cic.: commendatoriae, Empfehlungsschreiben, Sidon.: consolatoriae, Trostschreiben, Cic.: contrariae, Erlasse, die Widersprüche enthalten, Cic.: crebrae, Cic.: crebrae Pompei, Caes.: crebriores litterae nuntiique, Caes.: litterae dignae Ap. Claudio, Cic.: disertae, mit rednerischer Kunst geschriebener, Cic.: domesticae, Familienbriefe, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: exitiales, Liv.: exspectatissimae, Cic.: falsae, Cic. u. Liv.: frigidae et inconstantes Lepidi, Cic.: gratissimae, Cic.: gratulatoriae, Glückwunsch, Augustin.: litterae tuae mirabiliter gratae sunt senatui, Cic.: litterae humanissimae, Cic.: litterae illitteratissimae, Cic.: improbissimae, Cic.: Bibuli impudentissimae, Cic.: inanes (inhaltleere), Cic. ep. 6, 22, 1 (versch. von oben no. I): incorruptae, Cic.: iniquae, Unbilligkeiten enthaltende Erlasse, Cic.: inusitatae, etwas Ungewöhnliches enthaltende Erlasse,

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Cic.: iucundae mihi tuae de Britannia litterae, Cic.: laureatae litterae, Siegesnachrichten, Liv. (vgl. laureatus): litterae in Antonium admodum lenes, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: litterae paulo liberiores, Cic.: matutinae, am Morgen eingetroffene od. empfangene, Cic.: minaces et acerbae, Cic.: mordacissimae, Hieron.: novae, Cic.: odiosae, Cic.: Annali pergratae litterae tuae fuerunt, Cic.: litterae plenae amoris et officii, Cic.: plenae humanitatis, officii, dignitatis, Cic.: litterae alcis plenissimae amoris, humanitatis, officii, diligentiae, Cic.: litterae pomeridianae (postmeridianae), am Nachmittag eingetroffene od. empfangene, Cic.: litterae proximae (der letzte), Cic.: rarae, Cic.: publicae (amtliches), Cic.: recentissimae, Cic.: litterae Caesaris refertae omni officio, diligentiā, suavitate, Cic.: litterae superiores (vorige), Cic.: stomachosiores, Cic.: suaves, Cic.: tumultuosiores (beunruhigendes), Suet.: tristes, Cic.: tuae et unae et alterae litterae, Cic.: litterae uberiores, uberrimae, Cic.: litterae magnificis verbis, rerum vacuae, Tac.: litterae vehementes, Cic.: verbosiores alcis litterae, Nep.: litterae vespertinae, am Abend eingetroffene od. erhaltene (Ggstz. antemeridianae), Cic.: tuae litterae iam nimis veteres sunt, Cic.: Cassii litterae victrices, Siegesberichte, Siegesbotschaften, Cic.: litterae a scriba vitiatae, Liv. – ab alqo litteras accipere, Cic.: litteras Romae accipere, Cic.: accepisse alcis litteras a. d. quintum Terminalia

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Laodiceae, Cic.: litterae, quas proxime acceperam, Cic.: litteras adiungere (beischließen), Cic.: litteras afferre (überbringen), zB. is qui litteras attulit, der Überbringer des Br., Cic.: litterae afferuntur, treffen ein, zB. nimium raro nobis abs te litterae afferuntur, Cic.: alci afferuntur ex Asia cotidie litterae, Cic.: litterae allatae ab urbe, Liv.: libri (Faszikel) allatarum litterarum (Ggstz. libri missarum litterarum), Cic.: litterae tuae mihi somnum attulerunt, Cic.: litteras aperire, Cic.: alqm crebris litteris appellare, Cic.: litteras approbare (als den seinigen anerkennen), Cic. ep. ad Brut.: quod antiquior dies (älteres Datum) in tuis fuisset ascripta litteris quam in Caesaris, Cic.: assentiri litteris regis, Cic.: crebro illius litterae ab aliis ad nos commeant, Cic.; vgl. cum litterae per milites commearent (übermittelt wurden), Tac.: litteris Labieni certiorem fieri m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Caes.: cognoscere ex litteris, Cic., ex nuntiis litterisque, Caes.: per litteras tecum quam saepissime colloquor, Cic.: committere alqd litteris, Cic.: litteras temere committere non audere, Cic.: alci paulo liberiores litteras committere non audere, Cic.: litteras componere ad alqm, Tac. (vgl. litterae a Graccho compositae, Tac.): si sciant, quid litterarum et cuius generis conficiam, Cic.: hae litterae vehementer confirmabant (ermutigte) mentes oppidanorum, Auct. b. Hisp.: conquiescent litterae, nisi quid novi exstiterit, Cic.: dare litteras

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alci, einhändigen, zur Bestellung mitgeben, Cic.: ebenso dare alci litteras ad alqm (an jmd.), Cic.: aber dare litteras ad alqm, an jmd. ausfertigen, mit jmd. korrespondieren, an jmd. schreiben, Cic.: ebenso ad alqm accuratissimas litteras dare, Cic.: satis aculeatas ad Dolabellam litteras dedi, Cic.: u. nihil ad alqm dare litterarum, Cic.: inde has litteras postridie ante lucem dedi, Cic.: binas a te accepi litteras Corcyrae datas, Cic.: litterae datae Idibus Nov., mit dem Datum vom 13. Nov., Cic.: dedere alci litteras, einhändigen, zur Bestellung mitgeben, Cic.: litteras deferre ad alqm, Cic.: Leonidae litterae me non satis delectarunt, Cic.: vehementer delector tuis litteris, Cic.: describere alqd litteris, Cael. in Cic. ep.: desiderare alcis litteras, Cic.: elicere alcis litteras, Cic., alcis verbosiores litteras, Nep.: elicere alias ab alqo litteras, Cic.: exanimatus tuis litteris, Cic.: exarare litteras inter cenam, Cic. fr., ad alqm harum litterarum exemplum in codicillis, Cic.: litteras excĭdisse in via, seien unterwegs verloren gegangen, Cic.: alcis litteras exspectare, avide od. vehementer exspectare, cotidie exspectare, Cic.: statim extrudere (hinausjagen = in aller Eile abschicken) tabellarios litterasque ad Ciceronem, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: flagitare ab alqo promissa per litteras, Cic.: inde ad Antonium fratrem litteras facere (ausfertigen), Iustin. 27, 2, 6 (vgl. heri effeci epistulam ad Caesarem, Cic. ad Att. 13, 26, 2): gratu-

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lari alci litteris, Cic.: abs te proximas (letzten) litteras habebam Epheso a. d. V. Idus Sextil. datas, Cic.: impetrare alqd litteris paucorum versuum, Liv.: in ipsum discessum senatus incĭdisse credo meas litteras, Cic.: litterae incĭdunt in alienum, fallen in fremde Hand, Cic.: quantum ex tuis litteris intellegere potui, Cic.: litteras alcis intercipere, Cic. u.a.: litterae intereunt (gehen verloren), Cic.: invito eum per litteras, ut apud me deversetur, Cic.: alcis litteras legere, Cic., legisse libentissime, Cic.: aber legere (vorlesen) alci litteras, Tac.: tuae litterae planius loquebantur et uberius quam volgi sermo, Cic.: alci per litteras magnopere mandare, ne etc., Caes.: alci minari in litteris, Cic.: mittere alcis litteras ad alqm, Cic.: mittere ad alqm litteras, an jmd. einen Brief abgehen lassen = an jmd. schreiben, zB. confestim ad Caesarem, Caes.: domum ad se, Cic.: ad senatum populumque Rom. de rebus a se gestis, Liv.: Cn. Pompei litterae ad Hvpsaeum et Hypsaei ad Pompeium missae, Cic.: so auch litteras mittere (einen Brief schicken mit der Meldung, brieflich melden) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Auct. b. Hisp. 28, 2: litteras mittere ad alqm (den Auftrag schicken) mit folg. ut u. Konj., Hirt. b. G. 8, 6, 3 u.a. Caes. b. c. 1, 9, 3. Auct. b. Alex. 42, 5 u. 44, 2: ebenso litteras mittere alci, ut etc., Auct. b. Hisp. 4. § 4: u. litteras mittere ad alqm mit folg. bl. Konj., Caes. b. c. 3, 23, 3. Auct. b. Alex. 59, 3: litte-

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ras (schriftliche Aufforderung) nuntiosque ad alqm mittere mit folg. ne u. Konj., Caes. b. G. 1, 26, 6: queri apud alqm per litteras mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic.: lex litteras iudicum signis obsignari iubet, Cic.: obstrepere alcis litteris, Cic.: litteras perferre, richtig bestellen, Caes.: ad me mihi exspectatissimae litterae perferuntur, Cic.: unis litteris totius aestatis res gestas perscribere, Cic.: praemisit mihi odiosas litteras hoc exemplo, Cic.: recitare alcis litteras, Cic.: recitatis litteris per (von) Xenarchum praetorem, Liv.: reddere alci litteras, einhändigen, Cic. u.a.: crebro regustare alcis litteras, Cic.: litteras Caesari remittit (er berichtet an C. zurück) m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, Caes. b. G. 5, 47, 5: requirere alcis litteras, einen Br. von jmd. verlangen, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: litteras resignare, Cic.: rescribere ad eas litteras, ad eas ei litteras nihil, Cic.: alcis litteris respondere, brevi respondere, Cic.: litterae eorum decretis decumanorum remotae sunt, sind beiseite geschafft worden, Cic.: litteras alcis scindere (zerreißen), Cic.: litterae falsae, signo adulterino T. Quinctii signatae, Liv.: non nihil significabant (enthielt leise Andeutungen) tuae litterae m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic. ep. 2, 13, 2: scribere litteras, Caes., ad alqm, Cic.: extemplo scribere litteras Romam, Liv.: de alqo ad alqm humanissimas litteras scribere, Cic.: litterae tam accurate scriptae, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: moderate et benigne scriptas esse censentes litteras, Liv.:

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ita sunt litterae humaniter scriptae, Cic. fr.: litterae scriptae humanissime, Cic.: Vettius testatur litteris tuum impudentissimum furtum, Cic.: ad tuas venio litteras, ich komme nun auf deinen Br., Cic.: a te litterae non venerunt (sind angekommen), Cael. in Cic. ep.: dum tibi litterae meae veniant, Cic.: litterae Capuam ad Pompeium volare dicebantur, es hieß, ein Kurier mit einer Depesche sei nach K. zu P. geeilt, Cic. c) wissenschaftliche Kenntnisse od. Bildung, Wissenschaften, Gelehrsamkeit, wissenschaftliche Beschäftigung, wissenschaftliche Studien, Sprachstudium, Sprachwissenschaft, Literatur, litterarum cognitio et poëtarum, Cic.: litterarum scientia, Cic.: litterarum studium, Cic.: Graecarum litterarum doctor, Nep.: gymnasium litterarum, Sidon. epist. 1, 6, 2: civitas litterarum, Cassiod. var. 5, 22, 1. – litterae altiores, Plin.: communes (gewöhnliche w. K.), Cic.: domesticae, theoretische, wissensch. Bestrebungen (Ggstz. forenses artes, die praktischen auf dem Forum), Cic.: elementariae, Elementarkenntnisse, Capit.: Graecae, Latinae, Cic.: interiores, Cael. in Cic. ep.: interiores et reconditae, Cic.: oratoriae, Lact.: Graecorum penitissimae, Macr.: serviles, Sen.: vulgares, Cic. – cupidissimus litterarum, Nep.: litteris omnibus a pueritia deditus, Cic.: doctus Graecis litteris, Cic.: Graecis litteris eruditus, Cic.: eruditissimus et Graecis litteris et Latinis, Cic.: Graecarum litte-

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rarum expers od. rudis, Nep.: communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis expers, Cic.: ignarus etiam servilium litterarum, der nicht einmal so viel Wissenschaften kennt wie ein Sklave, Sen.: litteris elementariis et calculo imbutus, im Lesen u. Schreiben u. im Rechnen unterrichtet, Capit.: perfectus in litteris, wissenschaftlich ausgebildet, Cic.: in primis studiosus litterarum, Nep.: litteris tinctus, einen Anstrich von wissensch. Bildung besitzend, Cic.: alter litterator fuit, alter litteras sciens, ein wissensch. gebildeter Mann, ein wirklicher Gelehrter, Gell. – abdere se litteris od. in litteras, Cic.: abest historia litteris nostris (unserer Literatur), Cic.: abhorrere a litteris, ab humanitate, für einen wirklich durchgebildeten Menschen sich nicht ziemen, Cic.: litteras amare, Nep.: litterarum studium arripere, sich auf die Beschäftigung mit den Wissenschaften werfen, Nep.: litteris confidere, sich bloß auf wissensch. Studien stützen, Vitr. 1, 1, 2 (vgl. oben no. II, B, 1): se per litteras consolari, Cic.: sine litteris contendere, ohne wissensch. Studium sich bemühen, Vitr.: illae scilicet litterae conticuerunt forenses et senatoriae, Cic.: dare se huic etiam generi litterarum, Cic.: huic studio litterarum penitus se dedere, Cic.: dedere se litteris, Cic.: dedere se litteris sermonique Persarum, Nep.: dedere se ad litteras memoriasque veteres, Gell.: delectari in litteris, Cic.: Graecas litteras (das Griechische) in se-

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nectute didicisse, Cic.: in Bithynia oratorias litteras docere, Lact.: id litterae docent, das lernen wir durch die Sprachwissenschaft, Cic.: de Graecorum penitissimis litteris hanc historiam eruisse, Macr.: explicare alcis litteras, jmds. Studium betreiben, Cic.: philosophiam Latinis litteris illustrare, Cic.: litteris se involvere, Cic.: alqd Latinis litteris mandare, in die lat. Sprache od. Literatur übertragen, Cic. de fin. 1, 1. – nescire litteras, ohne gelehrte Kenntnisse (wissenschaftliche Bildung) sein, Cic. Brut. 259 (versch. von oben no. I): non eā re litteras quoque alias nescio, so bin ich doch deshalb sonst nicht ohne wissenschaftliche Bildung, Gell. 4, 1, 13: neque ullos versus neque ullas litteras nosse, irgend etwas Wissenschaftliches verstehen, Cic.: nunc mihi nihil libri, nihil litterae, nihil doctrina (Philosophie) prodest, Cic.: scire litteras, wissenschaftliche Kenntnisse besitzen, Cic. de fin. 2, 12 (versch. von oben no. I): u. so litterarum admodum nihil sciebat, wissenschaftl. Bildung besaß er gar nicht, Cic. Brut. 210: studere litteris, Cic.: aut litteris Graecis aut sermoni studere, Iustin.: erant in eo plurimae litterae nec eae vulgares, sed interiores quaedam et reconditae, Cic.: litteris sustentari et recreari, Cic.: omnia reliqua tempora litteris tribuere, Nep.: non nihil temporis tribuere litteris, Nep.: aut possem vivere, nisi in litteris viverem? Cic.: litteras vorare cum alqo, Cic. – ⇒ Die Schreibung

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littera gew. in den besten Hdschrn. u. in Inschrn. (zB. Corp. inscr. Lat. 4, 1891; 5, 532, 2, 1; 6, 1751. Edict. Diocl. 7, 66; vgl. Brambach Hilfsb. S. 46); doch auch litera, s. Fleckeisen im Rhein. Mus. 8, 229.

re-fero, rettulī, relātum, ferre, I) zurücktragen, zurückbringen, zurückschaffen, oft m. rursus (rursum), retro, iterum verb., 1) wieder an Ort und Stelle: a) übh. zurücktragen, tragend zurückbringen, tegulas, Liv.: candelabrum, Cic.: arma, aus dem Kriege, Plaut., aus der Mitte der Feinde, Ov.: pallam domum, Plaut.: anulum ad alqm, Plaut.: pecunias in templum, Caes.: aquilam a moriente signifero traditam suis umeris in castra, Flor.: corpus patris familiae in monumentum (Grab), Petron.: rursus enses vaginae, wieder in die Sch. stecken, Sil. – persönl. Obj., lecticae impositum ref. domum, Suet.: alqm in Palatium, Suet. – collapsa membra thalamo, Verg. – so bes. Verwundete aus dem Kampfe zurücktragen, corpora sua, Tac.: umero saucium in armis, Flor.: alqm in castra, Liv.: impositum scuto Pallantem, Verg. – b) Geliehenes, Geraubtes zurückerstatten, wieder zustellen, wiedergeben, wieder erstatten, scyphos, Plaut.: alci argentum, Plaut.: pannum, Hor.: pateram, Cic.: pretium suum (domino), Suet.: v. Boden, ibi caespite terra fecundo dominici seminis puritate centeno fructu refert, trägt hundertfältig, Hieron. epist. 15, 1. – bildl., ad equestrem ordinem iudicia, Cic. Verr. 3, 223. – c) wieder von sich geben, zurückgeben, α) wieder ausspeien, cum sanguine mixta vina, Verg. Aen. 9, 350. – β) wieder von sich zurücktönen-, zu-

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rückschallen (widerhallen) lassen, im Passiv = wieder zurücktönen, zurückschallen, widerhallen, quod (tectum) resonando mutum flebiles voces refert, Acc. tr. bei Cic. Tusc. 2, 33: voces refert (spricht nach) iteratque quod audit (v. der Fama), Ov.: ex tortuosis locis et inclusis soni referuntur ampliores, Cic.: theatri natura ita resonans, ut usque Romam signilicationes vocesque referantur, Cic. – d) wohin zurücktragen = zurückkehren lassen, α) v. der Rückkehr: sed nescio quomodo οικος φίλος (behaglich lebt man doch nur zu Haus): itaqua me referunt pedes in Tusculanum, ziehen mich meine Füße nach dem T. wieder hin, zuckt mir's in den Füßen, auf mein T. zurückzuwandern, Cic. ad Att. 15, 16. litt. b.: unde aliquoties in altum provectum cum venti adversi rettulissent (zurückverschlagen hatten), Liv. fr. 50 (bei Sen. suas. 6, 17). – bes. ref. pedem od. ref. se od. Passiv referri medial, sich zurückwenden, sich zurückbegeben, sich wieder begeben, zurückkehren, zurückziehen, heimkehren, pedem retro, pedem ad alqm, Plaut.: pedes dextros, glücklich zurückkehren, Petron.: vestigia retro, Verg.: u. bildl., spes retro refertur, Verg. – se de Britannis ovantem, Tac.: se ab Argis, Verg.: se e pastu (v. Tieren), Verg.: se iterum Romam, Cic.: se domum ad porci catinum, Hor.: se ad urbem, Verg.: cubiculo (Dat.) te refer, Apul.: u. v. Lebl., causam affert, cur se sol referat (umkehre) nec

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longius progrediatur, Cic.: u. (im Bilde) ut eo, unde egressa est, se referat oratio, Cic. – u. classem relatam nuntio, sei zurückgekehrt, wieder gelandet, Verg. Aen. 1, 390. – übtr., αα) eine Zeit zurückkehren lassen, zurückführen, zurückbringen, o mihi praeteritos referat si Iuppiter annos! Verg.: nec Coae tibi referunt purpurae tempora, quae etc., Hor.: dies siccos (v. der Sonne), Hor.: festas luces (v. neuen Jahrhundert), Hor.: hiems cecĭdit (ist verschwunden), referent illam sui menses, Sen. ep. 36, 11. – ββ) Blicke, Geist, Tätigkeit auf einen Ggstd. zurückwenden, wieder hinwenden, wieder hinrichten, oculos animumque ad alqm, Cic.: animum ad studia, Cic.: animum ad veritatem (Wirklichkeit, das wirkliche Leben), Cic.: se a scientiae delectatione ad efficiendi utilitatem, Cic.: se ad philosophiam, Cic. – γγ) in einen Zustand zurückwenden, animum ad firmitudinem, dem Geiste wieder eine feste Haltung geben, Tac.: multa in melius, wieder zum Besseren wenden (v. der Zeit), Verg.: consilia in melius, die bösen Gedanken (böse Gesinnung) wieder in günstige umändern (von der Juno), Verg. – δδ) als gerichtl. t. t., wieder vor Gericht bringen, rem iudicatam, Cic. de domo 78. – εε) einen Ggstd. auf etw. zurückführen, nach etw. bemessen, richten, beurteilen, auf etw. beziehen, einer Sache zuschreiben, omnia ad voluptatem, Cic.: omnia consilia atque facta ad dignitatem et ad virtu-

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tem, Ehre und T. zum Prinzip alles Denkens und Handelns machen, Cic.: alienos mores ad suos, Nep.: cuncta ad rem publicam referri, richte sich nach dem Staate, Tac. ann. 2, 33. – quidquid ubique magnificum est, in claritatem Herculis ref., auf den weltberühmten H. zurückführen, Tac. – cuius adversa pravitati ipsius, prospera ad fortunam referebat (schrieb zu), Tac. ann. 14, 38 extr.: Romanae rei publicae clades in religionem nostram, Augustin. de civ. dei 1, 36. – tuum est, quid mihi nunc animi sit, ad te ipsum referre, wie mir jetzt zumute ist, von dir selbst abzunehmen, Cic. Dei. 7: quisquis ad se rettulerit (richte doch jeder an sich selbst die Frage), quotiens ipse in suspicionem falsam incĭderit, Sen. de ira 2, 28, 6: quo referentes, worauf bezugnehmend, uns stützend, Lucr. 1, 424; vgl. 1, 699. – absol., referens ad fructum, wer Rücksicht nimmt auf usw., Varro r. r. 1, 40, 6. – β) v. Rückzuge = zurückziehen, castra, zurückverlegen, Liv.: u. so ad Tyneta rursus castra, Liv. – bes. ref. pedem oder vestigia oder gradum (gradus) u. refl. se ref. u. Passiv referri medial = sich zurückziehen, eine rückgängige Bewegung machen, zurückweichen, ref. pedem, Ov. u. Curt.: pedem retro, Phaedr.: vestigia retro Verg.: u. (im Bilde) vestigia in decimum annum, sich verziehen, sich verzögern (v. einem Siege), Verg.: gradus, Ov. – bes. als milit. t. t. (Ggstz. insistere), paulatim cedere ac pedem referre,

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Caes.: pedem ref. et loco excedere, Caes.: tum primum referri pedem atque inclinari rem in fugam apparuit, Liv.: r. gradum, Liv.: u. se huc, se in castra, Caes.: a prima acie ad triarios sensim referri, Liv.: penitus datis referri habenis, Verg. – γ) als naut. t. t., zurückführen, zurückverschlagen, aestus alqm in portum refert, Plaut.: auster adversus maximo flatu me ad tribules tuos Regium rettulit, Cic.: auster alqm in Italiam refert, Cic.: ut naves eodem, unde erant profectae, referrentur, Caes.

2) v. einem Orte als Fund, Errungenschaft, Geschenk, Siegesbeute usw. zurückbringen, mit zurücknehmen, davontragen, a) übh.: tabulas repertas ad Caesarem, Caes.: pro re certa falsam spem domum, Cic.: in domum non repulsam solum, sed ignominiam et calamitatem, Cic.: qui ad convivium magnum invitantur, apophoreta secum referre consueverunt, Ambros. exhort. virg. 1. – bes. als milit. t. t., opima spolia, Liv.: signa militaria sex, Caes.: signa militaria ex proelio ad Caesarem CLXXX et aquilas VIIII, Caes.: victoriam potius ex Volscis quam pacem infidam, Liv.: non incruentam victoriam, Liv.: victoriam, Frontin.: gloriosam victoriam et speciosa spolia, Val. Max.: serum veteremque triumphum, Ov.: navalem triumphum ex Poenis, Val. Max.: regi aut victoriam de Romanis aut aequas pacis condiciones, Iustin.: hoc proelio servati civis decus, Tac. – b) mündlich mit

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zurückbringen, mit zurücknehmen, zurückmelden, als Rückmeldung hinterbringen, alcis orationem domum, Caes.: hanc legationem (Erfolg der Gesandtschaft) Romam, Liv.: trepidum nuntium, Iustin.: responsum, responsa, Cic.: atrox od. triste responsum, Liv.: mandata alci od. ad alqm, Caes.: responsa ad alqm, Caes.: rumores Africanos excipere et celeriter ad alqm referre, Cic. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., imminere Volscum bellum, Liv.: m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, equites expeditos mittendos (esse), qui referant, quae fortuna consulum atque exercituum sit, Liv.

3) gegen etw. als Entgelt zurückbringen, zurückerstatten, dagegenbringen, wiedergeben, erwidern, vergelten, a) übh.: par pari, Gleiches mit Gleichem vergelten, Ter.: carmen carmini, mit einem Gedichte auf ein Gedicht antworten, Aur. Vict.: vicem, Ov.: alci plurimam salutem, Cic. – b) mündlich erwidern, entgegnen, versetzen, alcis defensioni, Cic.: ego tibi refero m. folg. direkter Rede, Cic.: u. so et referret aliquis, Cic.: Anna refert, Verg.: tandem pauca refert, Verg.: cum talia rettulit hospes, Ov.

4) rückwärts-, nach hinten bringen, a) Körperteile zurückbewegen, zurückwenden, zurückziehen, ad nomen (bei Nennung des N.) caput, Ov.: in alqm ora, oculos, Verg.: oculos ad terram identidem, Cic.: os in se (in sich), Ov.: manus, Ov.: parvulas manus ad ora, Petr. poët.: manus ad capulum, an der Seite

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an den D. legen, Tac. u. Petron.: digitos ad se, Quint.: digitos saepe ad frontem, Ov. – b) eine Örtl. od. eine Zeit zurückverlegen, α) eine Örtl.: fines benignitatis introrsus ref., die Gr. der W. beengen, Sen. de ben. 1, 15, 2: Seleucia... ab mari relata, entlegen, Plin. 5, 93. – β) eine Zeit (Ggstz. proferre), diem, Ulp. dig. 4, 8, 33: diem prodictam, Fest. 289 (a), 21.

5) wiederholend zurückbringen, zurückführen, wiederholen, erneuern, wiederherstellen, a) übh. (zuw. verb. referre ac renovare, repetere ac referre): fabulam iterum, noch einmal auf die Bühne bringen, wiederholen, Ter.: consuetudinem antiquam, Suet.; vgl. haec maiorum consuetudo longo intervallo repetita ac relata, Cic.: ref. antiquum morem, ut etc., Suet. (u. so relatus olim inconditae vitae mos, ut etc., Sall. fr.): hunc morem cursus, Verg.: eandem totius caeli descriptionem, Cic.: eas artes, Tac.: mysteria, Cic.: quasdam caerimonias ex magno intervallo, Liv.: idem responsum, Liv. – b) der Beschaffenheit, dem Wesen nach zurückführen, wiedergeben, abspiegeln, das Ebenbild sein von etw. od. jmd., maiorum vultus vocesque comasque, Lucr.: mores, os vultumque patris, Plin. ep.: alqm ore, Verg.: alqm sermone vultuque, Tac.: nomine avum, animo manibusque parentes, Verg.: matrem reddit ac refert nobis, Plin. ep.

II) von sich weggebend darbringen, 1) für jmd. Bestimmtes, jmdm. Gebührendes überbringen, ab-

————

liefern, überliefern, frumentum omne ad se referri iubet, Caes.: als publiz. t. t., hanc ex fenore pecuniam populo, ans Volk, an die Staatskasse, Cic.: pecuniam in aerarium, in publicum, Liv. (s. Drak. Liv. 37, 57, 12): u. so mille et ducenta talenta in publicum, Nep.: pecuniam venditorum ad fiscum, Eutr.: rationes ad aerarium, Cic.: u. so bl. rationes, Cic. ep. 5, 20, 1 sqq.: ad Caesarem publicas cum fide rationes, Caes.: senatus consulta falsa (sc. in aerarium), Cic. ep. 12, 1, 1 (vgl. aerarium unter aerarius, Bd. 1. S. 197). – So nun bes.: a) abtragen, entrichten, octonos referentes Idibus aeris, jeder seine acht As Schulgeld, Hor. sat. 1, 6, 75: bes. ref. gratiam s. gratia, no. I, B, 2, Band 1. S. 2965. – b) als Opfer, Weihgeschenk darbringen, weihen, variis tumulo sollemnia Iudis, Verg.: lauream Capitolino Iovi, Suet.: opima de eo spolia Iovi Feretrio, Val. Max. – c) jmdm. zuwenden, übertragen, consulatum ad patrem suum, Cic. de fin. 2, 62. – d) durch Rede od. Schrift überbringen, überliefern, berichten, angeben, melden, mitteilen, certorum hominum sermones ad alqm, Cic.: capitum numerum ad alqm milium LIII, Caes.: nihil ad eum, ut solebat, referre coepit, teilte ihm nun nichts mehr mit, Iustin.: ad se explorata, Liv.: haec mandata Caesari, Caes.: ref. in epistulis haec Bruti verba, Quint.: paternos maiores suos a Cyro Darioque, Iustin.: hanc cladem, Lampr. – alqm in deorum numero, unter den

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G. aufführen, Cic. de nat. deor. 1, 29. – se ex ea civitate oriundum, Iustin. – de quibus referam, de quo rettuli, Suet.: cuius de virtutibus maxime dilucide Q. Hortensius in annalibus suis rettulit, Vell. – mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., referunt Suebos ad extremos fines se recepisse, Caes.: scribe, quaeso, quid referat Celer egisse Caesarem cum candidatis, Cic.: haec eum dixisse refert, Suet.: consuli referunt excessum (esse) urbe, Liv.: quem ovasse de Britannis rettuli, Tac. – absol., refero ad Scaptium, Cic.: ut M. Brutus refert, Suet. – impers., in quo saepe aliter est dictum, aliter ad nos relatum, Cic.: im Supin. incredibilia relatu, Sen. nat. quaest. 7, 16, 1. – e) vor jmd. zur Beurteilung, zur Beschlußnahme bringen, jmdm. etw. vorlegen, vortragen, eine Anfrage oder einen Antrag stellen, consultationem ad amicos, Iustin.: omnia ad oracula, Nep.: ad Apollinem semper publice de maioribus rebus, Cic.: ad C. Aquilium (als Rechtsgelehrten), Cic. – ad consilium (Kriegsrat) de alqo, Nep.: de signo Concordiae dedicando ad pontificum collegium, Cic. – id ad populum, Cic. Clu. 137 (vgl. dazu Classen S. 196). – m. folg. Fragesatz, referre se, quid etc., Liv. 34, 24, 6: refero ad vos, utrum... an etc., Liv. 34, 22, 10. – bes. referre ad senatum u. im Zshg. bl. referre, etwas vor den Senat bringen, an den Senat eine Anfrage, einen Antrag stellen, rem od. rem ex integro ad senatum, Sall. u. Liv.: ad senatum

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de legibus abrogandis, Cic.: refer ad senatum, Cic. – de ea re postulant ut referatur, Sall.: referre de legatis ad Cn. Marcium coëgit, Liv.: abnuentibus consulibus ea de re relatum, Tac.: consul convocato senatu refert, quid de his fieri placeat, Sall.: rettulit, quid de nexis fieri placeret, Liv.: petendum a consulibus, ut referrent, an etc., Plin. ep. 6, 5, 2: nemo refert, quod Italia externae opis indiget, niemand berührt in seinem Antrage die Tatsache, daß usw., Tac. ann. 3, 54. – 2) etw. eintragen, aufnehmen, einschreiben, vormerken, buchen, iudicium in tabulas publicas, Cic.: r. in tabulas, nomen in tabulas, in codicem, Cic.: r. in censum (in die Zensuslisten), Liv.: r. in album, Cic. u. Liv.: alqd in commentarium, in libellum, Cic.: alqd in annales, Capit.: r. epistulas in volumina, aufnehmen, Cic.: orationem in Origines, Cic.: alqm ex quaestura in iudices, Liv.: alqm in deos od. inter divos, Suet. u. Eutr.: alqm in reos, Cic. u. Auct. b. Alex.: alqm in proscriptos, Cic., od. inter proscriptos, Suet. – bes. ins Rechnungsbuch eintragen, buchen, verrechnen, acceptas pecunias, Auct. b. Alex.: pecuniam multae nomine, Auct. b. Afr.: pecuniam operi publico, unter der Rubrik »für ein öffentliches Gebäude« eintragen, verrechnen, Cic.: illam pecuniam nominatim Flacco datam, als namentlich dem Fl. ausgezahlt verrechnen, Cic.: alqd in acceptum referre u. alqd (alci) acceptum referre, s. accipio no. I, A, a, α (Bd. 1.

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S. 61). – übtr., r. alqm (alqd) in m. Akk., jmd. (etw.) worunter rechnen, zählen, alqm in oratorum numerum, Cic.: alqm in numerum deorum, Suet.: terram et caelum in deos, Cic. – eodem Q. Caepionem referre, in dieselbe Gattung bringen, Cic. Brut. 223.

⇒ Perf. rettuli, nicht retuli, s. Elendt zu Cic. de or. 2, 100 not. cr., auch in Inschriften, zB. Corp. inscr. Lat. 9, 2628 u. 10, 1786. lin. 14/15. – Partiz. rellatus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 200, 81. Ter. Phorm. prol. 21. – Partiz. Fut. Pass. arch. auch referundus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 203, 7; 1, 206, 14 u. ö. Plaut. Pers. 428. Sall. Cat. 50, 4.

alter, tĕra, tĕrum, adj. (the measure of the gen. sing. āltĕrĭŭs as paeon primus is supported in good Latin only by examples from dactylic verse (but see alterĭus in trochaic measure, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 56), in which īpsĭŭs, īllĭŭs, īstĭŭs, ūnĭŭs, etc., are used as dactyls; on the contr., the regular measure āltĕrīŭs, as ditrochaeus, is sufficiently confirmed by the foll. verses of Enn., Ter., and Ter. Maur.: mox cum alterīus abligurias bona, Enn. ap. Donat. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. 29 Vahl.):

alterīus sua comparent commoda? ah!

Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:

nec alter[imacracute]us indigéns opís veni,

Ter. Maur. p. 2432 P.;

and sescupló vel una víncet alter[imacracute]us singulum,

id. ib. p. 2412 ib.; Prisc. p. 695 ib.; alterius is also commonly used as the gen. of alius, as alīus is little used (v. h. v. fin.).— Dat. sing. f.:

alterae,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 30; Caes. B. G. 5, 27; Nep. Eum. 1, 6; Col. 5, 11, 10) [a comp. form of al-ius; cf. Sanscr. antara = alius; Goth. anthar; Lith. antras = secundus; Germ. ander; Gr. heteros; Engl. either, other; also Sanscr. itara = alius], the other of two, one of two, the other, ho heteros.

Lit.

In gen.:

nam huic alterae patria quae sit, profecto nescio,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45:

necesse est enim sit alterum de duobus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

altera ex duabus legionibus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20: mihi cum viris ambobus est amicitia;

cum altero vero magnus usus,

Cic. Clu. 42, 117:

alter consulum,

Liv. 40, 59:

alter ex censoribus,

id. 40, 52:

in alterā parte fluminis legatum reliquit,

on the other side, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; id. B. C. 3, 54:

si quis te percusserit in dexteram maxillam tuam, praebe illi et alteram,

Vulg. Matt. 5, 39; 28, 1.—Hence: alter ambove, one or both; commonly in the abbreviation:

A. A. S. E. V. = alter ambove si eis videretur: utique C. Pansa, A. Hirtius consules alter ambove S. E. V. rationem agri habeant,

Cic. Phil. 5 fin. Wernsd.; cf. id. ib. 8, 11; 9, 7 fin.; 14, 14 fin.; cf.

Brison. Form. pp. 218 and 219: absente consulum altero ambobusve,

Liv. 30, 23: ambo alterve, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100 fin. —

Esp.

a.. In distributive clauses: alter... alter, the one... the other (cf. alius, II. A.): ho heteros... ho heteros:

Si duobus praefurniis coques, lacunā nihil opus erit. Cum cinere eruto opus erit, altero praefurnio eruito, in altero ignis erit,

Cato, R. R. 38, 9:

alteram ille amat sororem, ego alteram,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 68; id. Am. 1, 2, 19; 1, 2, 20; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 50:

quorum alter exercitum perdidit, alter vendidit,

Cic. Planc. 35; so id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16: namque alterā ex parte Bellovaci instabant;

alteram Camulogenus tenebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 59 Herz.:

conjunxit alteram (cortinam) alteri,

Vulg. Exod. 36, 10; 36, 22; ib. Joan. 13, 14; ib. Rom. 12, 5.—

In same sense, unus... alter, one... the other, as in later Gr. heis men... heteros de: vitis insitio una est per ver, altera est cum uva floret;

ea optima est,

Cato, R. R. 41, 1: Phorm. Una injuria est tecum. Chrem. Lege agito ergo. Phorm. Altera est tecum, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 90: uni epistolae respondi;

venio ad alteram,

Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6:

nomen uni Ada, et nomen alteri Sella,

Vulg. Gen. 4, 19; ib. Matt. 6, 24:

Erant duae factiones, quarum una populi causam agebat, altera optimatium,

Nep. Phoc. 3, 1; Liv. 31, 21:

consules coepere duo creari, ut si unus malus esse voluisset, alter eum coërceret,

Eutr. 1, 8:

Duo homines ascenderunt in templum, unus pharisaeus et alter publicanus,

Vulg. Luc. 18, 10 al. —

Sometimes a subst., or hic, ille, etc., stands in the place of the second alter:

Epaminondas... Leonidas: quorum alter, etc... Leonidas autem, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; so Vell. 2, 71, 3:

alter gladiator habetur, hic autem, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

quorum alteri Capitoni cognomen est, iste, qui adest, magnus vocatur,

id. ib.:

alterum corporis aegritudo, illum, etc.,

Flor. 4, 7.—Sometimes

one alter is entirely omitted (cf. alius, II. A.; heteros, L. and S. I. 2.):

duae turmae haesere: altera metu dedita hosti, pertinacior (sc. altera), etc.,

Liv. 29, 33:

hujus lateris alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13; or

the form changed:

dialecticam adjungunt et physicam, alteram quod habeat rationem.... Physicae quoque etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 72, and 3, 22, 73. —Sometimes a further distributive word is added:

alter adulescens decessit, alter senex, aliquis praeter hos infans,

Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

alter in vincula ducitur, alter insperatae praeficitur potestati, alius etc.,

Amm. 14, 11.—

In plur.: nec ad vivos pertineat, nec ad mortuos;

alteri nulli sunt, alteros non attinget,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:

alteri dimicant, alteri victorem timent,

id. Fam. 6, 3: binas a te accepi litteras; quarum alteris mihi gratulabare... alteris dicebas etc., in one of which,... in the other, id. ib. 4, 14:

quorum alteri adjuvabant, alteri etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17: duplices similitudines, unae rerum, alterae verborum, Auct. ad Her. 3, 20. —

The second alter in a different case:

alter alterius ova frangit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49:

uterque numerus plenus, alter alterā de causā habetur,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 2:

qui noxii ambo, alter in alterum causam conferant,

Liv. 5, 11:

alteri alteros aliquantum attriverant,

Sall. J. 79, 4; so id. ib. 42, 4;

53, 7 al. —Also with alteruter: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet,

Nep. Dion. 4, 1.—With unus:

quom inter nos sorderemus unus alteri,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 30:

dicunt unus ad alterum,

Vulg. Ez. 33, 30:

ne unus adversus alterum infletur pro alio,

ib. 1 Cor. 4, 6.—With uterque:

uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 4:

utrique alteris freti finitimos sub imperium suum coëgere,

Sall. J. 18, 12.—With nemo, nullus, neuter:

ut nemo sit alteri similis,

Quint. 2, 9, 2:

cum tot saeculis nulla referta sit causa, quae esset tota alteri similis,

id. 7, prooem. 4:

neutrum eorum contra alterum juvare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3:

ut neutra alteri officiat,

Quint. 1, 1, 3.—After two substt., the first alter generally refers to the first subst., and the second to the second:

Philippum rebus gestis superatum a filio, facilitate video superiorem fuisse. Itaque alter semper magnus, alter saepe turpissimus,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 21; Brem. ad Suet. Claud. 20.—Sometimes the order is reversed: contra nos (summa gratia et eloquentia) raciunt in hoc tempore;

quarum alteram (i. e. eloquentiam) vereor, alteram (i. e. gratiam) metuo,

Cic. Quinct. 1; so id. Off. 3, 18; 1, 12; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 9, 2, 6.—

As a numeral = secundus, the second, the next, o heteros:

primo die, alter dies, tertius dies, deinde reliquis diebus etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7:

proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus non intermittebas etc.,

id. Phil. 1, 13 Wernsd.:

quadriennio post alterum consulatum,

id. Sen. 9:

die altero,

Vulg. Jos. 10, 32: alteris Te mensis adhibet deum, i. e. at the dessert (= mensā secundā), Hor. C. 4, 5, 31.—So, alterā die, the next day, têi allêi hêmerai, têi heterai:

se alterā die ad conloquium venturum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 19; Vulg. Gen. 19, 34; ib. Matt. 27, 62:

die altero,

ib. Num. 11, 32; ib. Jos. 5, 11 al.—So in comparative sense:

alterā die quam a Brindisio solvit, in Macedoniam trajecit,

Liv. 31, 14; Suet. Vit. 3:

intermittere diem alterum quemque oportet,

every other day, Cels. 3, 23; 3, 13; 4, 12:

Olea non continuis annis, sed fere altero quoque fructum adfert,

Col. R. R. 5, 8.—With prepp.:

qui (Ptolemaeus) tum regnabat alter post Alexandream conditam,

next after, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; so, fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, the second or next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49:

alter ab undecimo jam tum me ceperat annus,

id. ib. 8, 39.—Hence,

Also with tens, hundreds, etc.:

accepi tuas litteras, quas mihi Cornificius altero vicesimo die reddidit,

on the twenty-second day, Cic. Fam. 12, 25 Manut.:

anno trecentesimo altero quam condita Roma erat,

in the three hundred and second year, Liv. 3, 33:

vicesima et altera laedit,

Manil. 4, 466.—

So of a number collectively:

remissarios pedum XII., alteros pedum X.,

a second ten, Cato, R. R. 19, 2:

ad Brutum hos libros alteros quinque mittemus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:

basia mille, deinde centum, dein mille altera, dein secunda centum,

Cat. 5, 7.—So with the numeral understood: aurea mala decem misi;

cras altera (sc. decem) mittam,

a second ten, Verg. E. 3, 71.—Hence,

Unus et alter, unus atque alter, unus alterque, the one and the other.

For two (as in Gr. heis kai heteros):

unus et alter dies intercesserat,

Cic. Clu. 26:

adductus sum tuis unis et alteris litteris,

id. Att. 14, 18:

et sub eā versus unus et alter erunt,

Ov. H. 15, 182; so Suet. Tib. 63; id. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 12 (cf. id. Gram. 24: unum vel alterum, vel, cum plurimos, tres aut quattuor admittere).—

More freq. of an indef. number, one and another; and: unusalterve, one or two:

Unus et item alter,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:

mora si quem tibi item unum alterumve diem abstulerit,

Cic. Fam. 3, 9; so id. Clu. 13, 38; 13, 26:

versus paulo concinnior unus et alter,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 74; so id. S. 1, 6, 102; 2, 5, 24; id. A. P. 15:

ex illis unus et alter ait,

Ov. F. 2, 394; id. Am. 2, 5, 22; Petr. 108; Plin. Pan. 45 Schwarz; cf. id. ib. 52, 2; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Galb. 14 al.:

paucis loricae, vix uni alterive cassis aut galea,

Tac. G. 6.—

Alterum tantum, as much more or again, twice as much (cf. Gr. heteron tosouton or hetera tosauta):

etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam potius quam sinam, etc.,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81; so id. Bacch. 5, 2, 65:

altero tanto aut sesqui major,

Cic. Or. 56, 188:

altero tanto longior,

Nep. Eum. 8, 5; so Dig. 28, 2, 13:

numero tantum alterum adjecit,

Liv. 1, 36; so id. 10, 46; Auct. B. Hisp. 30; Dig. 49, 14, 3 al.—

Alteri totidem, as many more:

de alteris totidem scribere incipiamus,

Varr. L. L. 8, 24 Müll. —

To mark the similarity of one object to another in qualities, etc., a second, another (as in English, a second father, my second self, and the like). So,

With a proper name, used as an appellative (cf. alius, II. G.):

Verres, alter Orcus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50:

alterum se Verrem putabat,

id. ib. 5, 33 fin.:

Hamilcar, Mars alter,

Liv. 21, 10.—

With a com. noun:

me sicut alterum parentem observat,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8:

altera patria,

Flor. 2, 6, 42 al. —

Alter ego, a second self, of very intimate friends (in the class. per. perh. only in Cic. Ep.; cf. ho hetairos, heteros egô, Clem. Al. 450):

vide quam mihi persuaserim te me esse alterum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5:

me alterum se fore dixit,

id. Att. 4, 1:

quoniam alterum me reliquissem,

id. Fam. 2, 15; Aus. praef. 2, 15.—

Alter idem, a second self, like heteroi hautoi, Arist. Eth. M. 8, 12, 3 (on account of the singularity of the expression, introduced by tamquam):

amicus est tamquam alter idem,

Cic. Lael. 21, 82.—

The one of two, either of two, without a more precise designation, for alteruter:

non uterque sed alter,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

fortasse utrumque, alterum certe,

id. Att. 11, 18:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrūm vivemus,

Liv. 1, 13:

nec rogarem, ut mea de vobis altera amica foret,

Ov. A. A. 3, 520:

ex duobus, quorum alterum petis, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 3:

ex duobus (quorum necesse est alterum verum), etc.,

Quint. 5, 10, 69:

ac si necesse est in alteram errare partem, maluerim etc.,

id. 10, 1, 26; 1, 4, 24; 9, 3, 6 al.—Once also with a negative, neither of two: hos, tamquam medios, [p. 98] nec in alterius favorem inclinatos, miserat rex, Liv. 40, 20, 4.—

Transf.

Another of a class = alius (as opp. to one's self, to another); subst., another, a neighbor, a fellow-creature, ho pelas (so sometimes heteros, Xen. Cyr. 2, 3, 17); cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 90 and 458 (alter designates the similarity of two objects; alius a difference in the objects contrasted): SI. INIVRIAM. FAXIT. ALTERI., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1:

qui alterum incusat probri, eum ipsum se intueri oportet,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 58; id. Am. prol. 84: mox dum alterius abligurias bona, quid censes dominis esse animi? Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25:

ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 3: qui alteris exitium paret, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39:

qui nihil alterius causā facit et metitur suis commodis omnia,

Cic. Leg. 1, 14:

ut aeque quisque altero delectetur ac se ipso,

id. Off. 1, 17, 56; 1, 2, 4:

scientem in errorem alterum inducere,

id. ib. 3, 13, 55 et saep.:

cave ne portus occupet alter,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 32 Schmid.:

nil obstet tibi, dum ne sit te ditior alter,

id. S. 1, 1, 40; 1, 5, 33:

canis parturiens cum rogāsset alteram, ut etc.,

Phaedr. 1, 19:

nec patientem sessoris alterius (equum) primus ascendit,

Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58:

in quo judicas alterum, te ipsum condemnas,

Vulg. Rom. 2, 1:

nemo quod suum est quaerat, sed quod alterius,

ib. 1 Cor. 10, 24;

14, 17: sic in semet ipso tantum gloriam habebit et non in altero,

ib. Gal. 6, 4 al. —Hence, alter with a neg., or neg. question and comp., as an emphatic expression (mostly ante-class.; cf.

alius, II. H.): scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 22:

scelestiorem in terrā nullam esse alteram,

id. Cist. 4, 1, 8:

qui me alter audacior est homo?

id. Am. 1, 1, 1; id. Ep. 1, 1, 24.—

The other, the opposite:

alterius factionis principes,

the leaders of the opposite party, Nep. Pelop. 1, 4 (cf. id. ib. 1, 2:

adversariae factioni): studiosiorem partis alterius,

Suet. Tib. 11. —

In gen., different:

quotiens te speculo videris alterum,

Hor. C. 4, 10, 6: abeuntes post carnem alteram (Gr. heteros, q. v. L. and S. III.), Vulg. Jud. 7.—

In the lang. of augury, euphem. for infaustus, unfavorable, unpropitious, Fest. p. 6 (v. L. and S. Gr. Lex. s. v. heteros, III. 2.).

alterius commonly serves as gen. of alius instead of alīus, Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 1; 1, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 1; Sall. C. 52, 8; Liv. 21, 13, 3; 22, 14, 4; 26, 8, 2; 28, 37, 6 al.; Col. 8, 17, 2; 11, 2, 87; 12, 22, 2; Sen. Ep. 72, 10; 102, 3; id. Ben. 4, 3, 1; id. Ot. Sap. 4, 1; id. Brev. Vit. 16, 2; id. Q. N. 2, 34, 1 al.; Quint. 7, 9, 8; 8, 3, 73 al.; Tac. A. 15, 25; id. H. 2, 90; Plin. Ep. 10, 114, 2; Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58 al.; Gell. 2, 28 al.—It also stands as correlative to alius:

alius inter cenandum solutus est, alterius continuata mors somno est,

Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

cum inventum sit ex veris (gemmis) generis alterius in aliud falsas traducere,

Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 197; Plin. Pan. 2, 6 (Neue, Formenl. II. p. 216).

[alter], for alias, acc. to Paul. ex. Fest. p. 27 Müll.

alter, tĕra, tĕrum, adj. (the measure of the gen. sing. āltĕrĭŭs as paeon primus is supported in good Latin only by examples from dactylic verse (but see alterĭus in trochaic measure, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 56), in which īpsĭŭs, īllĭŭs, īstĭŭs, ūnĭŭs, etc., are used as dactyls; on the contr., the regular measure āltĕrīŭs, as ditrochaeus, is sufficiently confirmed by the foll. verses of Enn., Ter., and Ter. Maur.: mox cum alterīus abligurias bona, Enn. ap. Donat. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. 29 Vahl.):

alterīus sua comparent commoda? ah!

Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:

nec alter[imacracute]us indigéns opís veni,

Ter. Maur. p. 2432 P.;

and sescupló vel una víncet alter[imacracute]us singulum,

id. ib. p. 2412 ib.; Prisc. p. 695 ib.; alterius is also commonly used as the gen. of alius, as alīus is little used (v. h. v. fin.).— Dat. sing. f.:

alterae,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 30; Caes. B. G. 5, 27; Nep. Eum. 1, 6; Col. 5, 11, 10) [a comp. form of al-ius; cf. Sanscr. antara = alius; Goth. anthar; Lith. antras = secundus; Germ. ander; Gr. heteros; Engl. either, other; also Sanscr. itara = alius], the other of two, one of two, the other, ho heteros.

Lit.

In gen.:

nam huic alterae patria quae sit, profecto nescio,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45:

necesse est enim sit alterum de duobus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

altera ex duabus legionibus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20: mihi cum viris ambobus est amicitia;

cum altero vero magnus usus,

Cic. Clu. 42, 117:

alter consulum,

Liv. 40, 59:

alter ex censoribus,

id. 40, 52:

in alterā parte fluminis legatum reliquit,

on the other side, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; id. B. C. 3, 54:

si quis te percusserit in dexteram maxillam tuam, praebe illi et alteram,

Vulg. Matt. 5, 39; 28, 1.—Hence: alter ambove, one or both; commonly in the abbreviation:

A. A. S. E. V. = alter ambove si eis videretur: utique C. Pansa, A. Hirtius consules alter ambove S. E. V. rationem agri habeant,

Cic. Phil. 5 fin. Wernsd.; cf. id. ib. 8, 11; 9, 7 fin.; 14, 14 fin.; cf.

Brison. Form. pp. 218 and 219: absente consulum altero ambobusve,

Liv. 30, 23: ambo alterve, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100 fin. —

Esp.

a.. In distributive clauses: alter... alter, the one... the other (cf. alius, II. A.): ho heteros... ho heteros:

Si duobus praefurniis coques, lacunā nihil opus erit. Cum cinere eruto opus erit, altero praefurnio eruito, in altero ignis erit,

Cato, R. R. 38, 9:

alteram ille amat sororem, ego alteram,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 68; id. Am. 1, 2, 19; 1, 2, 20; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 50:

quorum alter exercitum perdidit, alter vendidit,

Cic. Planc. 35; so id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16: namque alterā ex parte Bellovaci instabant;

alteram Camulogenus tenebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 59 Herz.:

conjunxit alteram (cortinam) alteri,

Vulg. Exod. 36, 10; 36, 22; ib. Joan. 13, 14; ib. Rom. 12, 5.—

In same sense, unus... alter, one... the other, as in later Gr. heis men... heteros de: vitis insitio una est per ver, altera est cum uva floret;

ea optima est,

Cato, R. R. 41, 1: Phorm. Una injuria est tecum. Chrem. Lege agito ergo. Phorm. Altera est tecum, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 90: uni epistolae respondi;

venio ad alteram,

Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6:

nomen uni Ada, et nomen alteri Sella,

Vulg. Gen. 4, 19; ib. Matt. 6, 24:

Erant duae factiones, quarum una populi causam agebat, altera optimatium,

Nep. Phoc. 3, 1; Liv. 31, 21:

consules coepere duo creari, ut si unus malus esse voluisset, alter eum coërceret,

Eutr. 1, 8:

Duo homines ascenderunt in templum, unus pharisaeus et alter publicanus,

Vulg. Luc. 18, 10 al. —

Sometimes a subst., or hic, ille, etc., stands in the place of the second alter:

Epaminondas... Leonidas: quorum alter, etc... Leonidas autem, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; so Vell. 2, 71, 3:

alter gladiator habetur, hic autem, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

quorum alteri Capitoni cognomen est, iste, qui adest, magnus vocatur,

id. ib.:

alterum corporis aegritudo, illum, etc.,

Flor. 4, 7.—Sometimes

one alter is entirely omitted (cf. alius, II. A.; heteros, L. and S. I. 2.):

duae turmae haesere: altera metu dedita hosti, pertinacior (sc. altera), etc.,

Liv. 29, 33:

hujus lateris alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13; or

the form changed:

dialecticam adjungunt et physicam, alteram quod habeat rationem.... Physicae quoque etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 72, and 3, 22, 73. —Sometimes a further distributive word is added:

alter adulescens decessit, alter senex, aliquis praeter hos infans,

Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

alter in vincula ducitur, alter insperatae praeficitur potestati, alius etc.,

Amm. 14, 11.—

In plur.: nec ad vivos pertineat, nec ad mortuos;

alteri nulli sunt, alteros non attinget,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:

alteri dimicant, alteri victorem timent,

id. Fam. 6, 3: binas a te accepi litteras; quarum alteris mihi gratulabare... alteris dicebas etc., in one of which,... in the other, id. ib. 4, 14:

quorum alteri adjuvabant, alteri etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17: duplices similitudines, unae rerum, alterae verborum, Auct. ad Her. 3, 20. —

The second alter in a different case:

alter alterius ova frangit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49:

uterque numerus plenus, alter alterā de causā habetur,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 2:

qui noxii ambo, alter in alterum causam conferant,

Liv. 5, 11:

alteri alteros aliquantum attriverant,

Sall. J. 79, 4; so id. ib. 42, 4;

53, 7 al. —Also with alteruter: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet,

Nep. Dion. 4, 1.—With unus:

quom inter nos sorderemus unus alteri,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 30:

dicunt unus ad alterum,

Vulg. Ez. 33, 30:

ne unus adversus alterum infletur pro alio,

ib. 1 Cor. 4, 6.—With uterque:

uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 4:

utrique alteris freti finitimos sub imperium suum coëgere,

Sall. J. 18, 12.—With nemo, nullus, neuter:

ut nemo sit alteri similis,

Quint. 2, 9, 2:

cum tot saeculis nulla referta sit causa, quae esset tota alteri similis,

id. 7, prooem. 4:

neutrum eorum contra alterum juvare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3:

ut neutra alteri officiat,

Quint. 1, 1, 3.—After two substt., the first alter generally refers to the first subst., and the second to the second:

Philippum rebus gestis superatum a filio, facilitate video superiorem fuisse. Itaque alter semper magnus, alter saepe turpissimus,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 21; Brem. ad Suet. Claud. 20.—Sometimes the order is reversed: contra nos (summa gratia et eloquentia) raciunt in hoc tempore;

quarum alteram (i. e. eloquentiam) vereor, alteram (i. e. gratiam) metuo,

Cic. Quinct. 1; so id. Off. 3, 18; 1, 12; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 9, 2, 6.—

As a numeral = secundus, the second, the next, o heteros:

primo die, alter dies, tertius dies, deinde reliquis diebus etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7:

proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus non intermittebas etc.,

id. Phil. 1, 13 Wernsd.:

quadriennio post alterum consulatum,

id. Sen. 9:

die altero,

Vulg. Jos. 10, 32: alteris Te mensis adhibet deum, i. e. at the dessert (= mensā secundā), Hor. C. 4, 5, 31.—So, alterā die, the next day, têi allêi hêmerai, têi heterai:

se alterā die ad conloquium venturum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 19; Vulg. Gen. 19, 34; ib. Matt. 27, 62:

die altero,

ib. Num. 11, 32; ib. Jos. 5, 11 al.—So in comparative sense:

alterā die quam a Brindisio solvit, in Macedoniam trajecit,

Liv. 31, 14; Suet. Vit. 3:

intermittere diem alterum quemque oportet,

every other day, Cels. 3, 23; 3, 13; 4, 12:

Olea non continuis annis, sed fere altero quoque fructum adfert,

Col. R. R. 5, 8.—With prepp.:

qui (Ptolemaeus) tum regnabat alter post Alexandream conditam,

next after, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; so, fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, the second or next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49:

alter ab undecimo jam tum me ceperat annus,

id. ib. 8, 39.—Hence,

Also with tens, hundreds, etc.:

accepi tuas litteras, quas mihi Cornificius altero vicesimo die reddidit,

on the twenty-second day, Cic. Fam. 12, 25 Manut.:

anno trecentesimo altero quam condita Roma erat,

in the three hundred and second year, Liv. 3, 33:

vicesima et altera laedit,

Manil. 4, 466.—

So of a number collectively:

remissarios pedum XII., alteros pedum X.,

a second ten, Cato, R. R. 19, 2:

ad Brutum hos libros alteros quinque mittemus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:

basia mille, deinde centum, dein mille altera, dein secunda centum,

Cat. 5, 7.—So with the numeral understood: aurea mala decem misi;

cras altera (sc. decem) mittam,

a second ten, Verg. E. 3, 71.—Hence,

Unus et alter, unus atque alter, unus alterque, the one and the other.

For two (as in Gr. heis kai heteros):

unus et alter dies intercesserat,

Cic. Clu. 26:

adductus sum tuis unis et alteris litteris,

id. Att. 14, 18:

et sub eā versus unus et alter erunt,

Ov. H. 15, 182; so Suet. Tib. 63; id. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 12 (cf. id. Gram. 24: unum vel alterum, vel, cum plurimos, tres aut quattuor admittere).—

More freq. of an indef. number, one and another; and: unusalterve, one or two:

Unus et item alter,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:

mora si quem tibi item unum alterumve diem abstulerit,

Cic. Fam. 3, 9; so id. Clu. 13, 38; 13, 26:

versus paulo concinnior unus et alter,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 74; so id. S. 1, 6, 102; 2, 5, 24; id. A. P. 15:

ex illis unus et alter ait,

Ov. F. 2, 394; id. Am. 2, 5, 22; Petr. 108; Plin. Pan. 45 Schwarz; cf. id. ib. 52, 2; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Galb. 14 al.:

paucis loricae, vix uni alterive cassis aut galea,

Tac. G. 6.—

Alterum tantum, as much more or again, twice as much (cf. Gr. heteron tosouton or hetera tosauta):

etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam potius quam sinam, etc.,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81; so id. Bacch. 5, 2, 65:

altero tanto aut sesqui major,

Cic. Or. 56, 188:

altero tanto longior,

Nep. Eum. 8, 5; so Dig. 28, 2, 13:

numero tantum alterum adjecit,

Liv. 1, 36; so id. 10, 46; Auct. B. Hisp. 30; Dig. 49, 14, 3 al.—

Alteri totidem, as many more:

de alteris totidem scribere incipiamus,

Varr. L. L. 8, 24 Müll. —

To mark the similarity of one object to another in qualities, etc., a second, another (as in English, a second father, my second self, and the like). So,

With a proper name, used as an appellative (cf. alius, II. G.):

Verres, alter Orcus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50:

alterum se Verrem putabat,

id. ib. 5, 33 fin.:

Hamilcar, Mars alter,

Liv. 21, 10.—

With a com. noun:

me sicut alterum parentem observat,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8:

altera patria,

Flor. 2, 6, 42 al. —

Alter ego, a second self, of very intimate friends (in the class. per. perh. only in Cic. Ep.; cf. ho hetairos, heteros egô, Clem. Al. 450):

vide quam mihi persuaserim te me esse alterum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5:

me alterum se fore dixit,

id. Att. 4, 1:

quoniam alterum me reliquissem,

id. Fam. 2, 15; Aus. praef. 2, 15.—

Alter idem, a second self, like heteroi hautoi, Arist. Eth. M. 8, 12, 3 (on account of the singularity of the expression, introduced by tamquam):

amicus est tamquam alter idem,

Cic. Lael. 21, 82.—

The one of two, either of two, without a more precise designation, for alteruter:

non uterque sed alter,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

fortasse utrumque, alterum certe,

id. Att. 11, 18:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrūm vivemus,

Liv. 1, 13:

nec rogarem, ut mea de vobis altera amica foret,

Ov. A. A. 3, 520:

ex duobus, quorum alterum petis, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 3:

ex duobus (quorum necesse est alterum verum), etc.,

Quint. 5, 10, 69:

ac si necesse est in alteram errare partem, maluerim etc.,

id. 10, 1, 26; 1, 4, 24; 9, 3, 6 al.—Once also with a negative, neither of two: hos, tamquam medios, [p. 98] nec in alterius favorem inclinatos, miserat rex, Liv. 40, 20, 4.—

Transf.

Another of a class = alius (as opp. to one's self, to another); subst., another, a neighbor, a fellow-creature, ho pelas (so sometimes heteros, Xen. Cyr. 2, 3, 17); cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 90 and 458 (alter designates the similarity of two objects; alius a difference in the objects contrasted): SI. INIVRIAM. FAXIT. ALTERI., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1:

qui alterum incusat probri, eum ipsum se intueri oportet,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 58; id. Am. prol. 84: mox dum alterius abligurias bona, quid censes dominis esse animi? Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25:

ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 3: qui alteris exitium paret, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39:

qui nihil alterius causā facit et metitur suis commodis omnia,

Cic. Leg. 1, 14:

ut aeque quisque altero delectetur ac se ipso,

id. Off. 1, 17, 56; 1, 2, 4:

scientem in errorem alterum inducere,

id. ib. 3, 13, 55 et saep.:

cave ne portus occupet alter,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 32 Schmid.:

nil obstet tibi, dum ne sit te ditior alter,

id. S. 1, 1, 40; 1, 5, 33:

canis parturiens cum rogāsset alteram, ut etc.,

Phaedr. 1, 19:

nec patientem sessoris alterius (equum) primus ascendit,

Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58:

in quo judicas alterum, te ipsum condemnas,

Vulg. Rom. 2, 1:

nemo quod suum est quaerat, sed quod alterius,

ib. 1 Cor. 10, 24;

14, 17: sic in semet ipso tantum gloriam habebit et non in altero,

ib. Gal. 6, 4 al. —Hence, alter with a neg., or neg. question and comp., as an emphatic expression (mostly ante-class.; cf.

alius, II. H.): scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 22:

scelestiorem in terrā nullam esse alteram,

id. Cist. 4, 1, 8:

qui me alter audacior est homo?

id. Am. 1, 1, 1; id. Ep. 1, 1, 24.—

The other, the opposite:

alterius factionis principes,

the leaders of the opposite party, Nep. Pelop. 1, 4 (cf. id. ib. 1, 2:

adversariae factioni): studiosiorem partis alterius,

Suet. Tib. 11. —

In gen., different:

quotiens te speculo videris alterum,

Hor. C. 4, 10, 6: abeuntes post carnem alteram (Gr. heteros, q. v. L. and S. III.), Vulg. Jud. 7.—

In the lang. of augury, euphem. for infaustus, unfavorable, unpropitious, Fest. p. 6 (v. L. and S. Gr. Lex. s. v. heteros, III. 2.).

alterius commonly serves as gen. of alius instead of alīus, Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 1; 1, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 1; Sall. C. 52, 8; Liv. 21, 13, 3; 22, 14, 4; 26, 8, 2; 28, 37, 6 al.; Col. 8, 17, 2; 11, 2, 87; 12, 22, 2; Sen. Ep. 72, 10; 102, 3; id. Ben. 4, 3, 1; id. Ot. Sap. 4, 1; id. Brev. Vit. 16, 2; id. Q. N. 2, 34, 1 al.; Quint. 7, 9, 8; 8, 3, 73 al.; Tac. A. 15, 25; id. H. 2, 90; Plin. Ep. 10, 114, 2; Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58 al.; Gell. 2, 28 al.—It also stands as correlative to alius:

alius inter cenandum solutus est, alterius continuata mors somno est,

Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

cum inventum sit ex veris (gemmis) generis alterius in aliud falsas traducere,

Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 197; Plin. Pan. 2, 6 (Neue, Formenl. II. p. 216).

[alter], for alias, acc. to Paul. ex. Fest. p. 27 Müll.

incĭdo, cĭdi, cāsum, 3 ( fut. part. act. incasurus, Plin. 2, 27, 27, § 97; perf. scanned incĭdĕrunt, Lucr. 6, 1174), v. n. [in-cado], to fall into or upon a thing, to fall, light upon (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen., constr. with in and acc.; less freq. with other prepp., with the dat., or absol.

With in and acc.:

in foveam,

Cic. Phil. 4, 5, 12:

ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidit,

id. Fat. 3, 6:

e nubi in nubem vis incidit ardens fulminis,

Lucr. 6, 145; cf. id. 296:

in segetem flamma,

falls, Verg. A. 2, 305:

pestilentia in urbem,

Liv. 27, 23 fin.:

ut incideret luna tum in eam metam, quae esset umbra terrae, etc.,

entered, Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 22:

in oculos,

Plin. 20, 17, 73, § 187:

incidentibus vobis in vallum portasque,

Liv. 27, 13, 2:

in laqueos,

Juv. 10, 314.—

With other prepp.:

incidit ictus Ingens ad terram duplicato poplite Turnus,

Verg. A. 12, 926:

(turris) super agmina late incidit,

id. ib. 2, 467.—

With dat.:

incidere portis,

to rush into, Liv. 5, 11, 14; 5, 26, 8:

lymphis putealibus,

Lucr. 6, 1174:

caput incidit arae,

Ov. M. 5, 104: Sagunti ruinae nostris capitibus incident, Liv. 21, 10, 10:

ultimis Romanis,

id. 28, 13, 9:

jacenti,

Stat. Th. 5, 233:

hi duo amnes confluentes incidunt Oriundi flumini,

empty, fall into, Liv. 44, 31, 4:

modo serius incidis (sol) undis,

sink, Ov. M. 4, 198.—

Absol.:

illa (hasta) volans, umeri surgunt qua tegmina summa, incidit,

Verg. A. 10, 477: incidit Adriaci spatium admirabile rhombi, i. e. into the fisherman ' s net, Juv. 4, 39. —

In partic., to fall upon, meet, or come upon unexpectedly, fall in with a person or thing.

With in and acc.:

in aliquem incurrere atque incidere,

Cic. Planc. 7, 17:

cum hic in me incidit,

id. ib. 41, 99:

C. Valerius Procillus, cum in fuga catenis vinctus traheretur, in ipsum Caesarem incidit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 5:

in insidias,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 3; cf.:

in quos (milites), si qui ex acie fugerint, de improviso incidant,

id. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:

in manus alicujus,

id. Clu. 7, 21:

in vituperatores,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 6; 6, 1, 25.—

With inter:

inter catervas armatorum,

Liv. 25, 39.—

With dat.:

qui (oculi) quocumque inciderunt,

Cic. Mil. 1, 1; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 13; Quint. 11, 3, 50:

sane homini praeter opinionem improviso incidi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182:

incidit huic Appennicolae bellator filius Anni,

Verg. A. 11, 699.—

With acc. alone (late Lat.):

bene quod meas potissimum manus incidisti,

App. M. 6, p. 176, 24; id. ib. p. 179, 4:

fatales laqueos,

Vulc. Gall. Avid. Caes. 2, § 2.—

Transf., to fall upon, attack, assault: triarii consurgentes... in hostem incidebant. Liv. 8, 8, 13:

postquam acrius ultimis incidebat Romanus,

id. 28, 13, 9.

Trop.

In gen., to fall into any condition.

With in and acc.:

in morbum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 4: in febriculam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21 fin.:

in miserias,

id. Phil. 2, 10, 24; cf.:

qui inciderant (sc. in morbum) haud facile septimum diem superabant,

Liv. 41, 21, 5:

ut si in hujusmodi amicitias ignari casu aliquo inciderint,

Cic. Lael. 12, 42:

quodsi quis etiam a culpa vacuus in amicitiam ejus inciderat,

Sall. C. 14, 4:

in honoris contentionem,

Cic. Lael. 10, 34:

in imperiorum, honorum, gloriae cupiditatem,

id. Off. 1, 8, 26:

in furorem et insaniam,

Cic. Pis. 20, 46. —

With acc. alone:

caecitatem, Ambros. de Tobia, 2: iram,

Lact. Plac. Narr. Fab. 1, 10:

amorem,

id. ib. 14, 1.—

To fall upon, befall:

eo anno pestilentia gravis incidit in urbem agrosque,

Liv. 27, 23, 6:

tantus terror incidit ejus exercitui,

fell upon, Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 2; cf.:

ut nihil incidisset postea civitati mali, quod, etc.,

happened, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26.—

In partic.

To fall upon accidentally; to light upon, in thought or conversation:

non consulto, sed casu in eorum mentionem incidi,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 50; id. Lael. 1, 3; cf.:

fortuito in sermonem alicujus incidere,

id. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

in eum sermonem incidere, qui, etc.,

id. Lael. 1, 2:

in varios sermones,

id. Att. 16, 2, 4:

cum in eam memoriam et recordationem nuper ex sermone quodam incidissemus,

id. Brut. 2, 9:

iterum in mentionem incidimus viri,

Tac. H. 4, 5; Plin. Ep. 9, 33, 1.—

To come or occur to one's mind:

sapiens appeteret aliquid, quodcumque in mentem incideret et quodcumque tamquam occurreret,

come into his mind, Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 5; id. Heaut. 3, 1, 75:

redeunti, ex ipsa re mihi incidit suspicio,

id. And. 2, 2, 22; 3, 2, 21:

tanta nunc suspicio de me incidit,

id. Ad. 4, 4, 5:

dicam, verum, ut aliud ex alio incidit,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 37:

nihil te effugiet atque omne. quod erit in re occurret atque incidet,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 147:

potantibus his apud Sex. Tarquinium incidit de uxoribus mentio,

Liv. 1, 57, 6.—

To fall upon, happen in a certain time.

With in and acc.:

quod in id rei publicae tempus non incideris, sed veneris — judicio enim tuo, non casu in ipsum discrimen rerum contulisti tribunatum tuum—profecto vides, quanta vis, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 2:

quorum aetas in eorum tempora, quos nominavi, incidit,

Cic. Or. 12, 39; cf. id. Fam. 5, 15, 3:

quoniam in eadem rei publicae tempora incidimus,

id. ib. 5, 8, 3 fin.:

facies me in quem diem Romana incidant mysteria certiorem,

id. Att. 6, 1, 26:

cum in Kalendas Januarias Compitaliorum dies incidisset,

id. Pis. 4, 8:

quae (bella) in ejus aetatem gravissima inciderunt,

Quint. 12, 11, 16: in eum annum quo erat Hortensius consul futurus, incidere, to fall into, i. e. to extend the case until, etc., id. 6, 5, 4; cf.:

quintus annus cum in te praetorem incidisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139.—

With acc. alone (late Lat.):

ut menses... autumnale tempus inciderent,

Sol. 1, § 44.—

To fall out, happen, occur:

et in nostra civitate et in ceteris, multis fortissimis atque optimis viris injustis judiciis tales casus incidisse,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

si quid tibi durius inciderit,

Prop. 1, 15, 28; cf.: si casus inciderit, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6:

incidunt saepe tempora cum, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 10, 31:

eorum ipsorum, quae honesta sunt, potest incidere saepe contentio et comparatio,

id. ib. 1, 43, 152:

potest incidere quaestio,

Quint. 7, 1, 19:

verbum si quod minus usitatum incidat,

id. 2, 5, 4:

in magnis quoque auctoribus incidunt aliqua vitiosa,

id. 10, 2, 15; 11, 1, 70; Cels. 5, 27, 3: ea accidisse non quia haec facta sunt, arbitror;

verum haec ideo facta, quia incasura erant illa,

Plin. 2, 27, 27, § 97:

si quando ita incidat,

Quint. 2, 5, 5; cf.:

forte ita incidit, ut, etc.,

Liv. 26, 23, 2:

forte ita inciderat, ne, etc.,

id. 1, 46, 5.—

To fall in with, coincide, agree with, in opinion, etc.:

ne ipse incidat in Diodorum, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 8, 15.—

To stumble upon, undertake at random:

sic existumes non me fortuito ad tuam amplitudinem meis officiis amplectendam incidisse, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3.— Hence in part. pres.: incĭdentĭa, subst., occurrences, events, Amm. 14, 5, 4; 22, 9, 2 al.

incīdo, cīdi, cīsum, 3, v. a. [in-caedo], to cut into, cut through, cut open, cut up (class.).

Lit.:

teneris arboribus incisis atque inflexis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 17, 4:

arbores,

Plin. 12, 14, 30, § 54; 32, § 58:

inciditur vitro, lapide, osseisve cultellis,

id. 12, 25, 54, § 115; cf.:

palmes inciditur in medullam,

id. 14, 9, 11, § 84:

venam,

to open, id. 29, 6, 58, § 126; Cels. 2, 8; Tac. A. 16, 19; cf.:

incisi nervi,

Plin. 11, 37, 88, § 218:

circa vulnus scalpello,

Cels. 5, 27, 3:

pinnas,

to clip, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 5; so,

vites falce,

Verg. E. 3, 11:

pulmo incisus,

cut up, divided, Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85; cf.:

eupatoria foliis per extremitates incisis,

i. e. notched, indented, Plin. 5, 6, 29, § 65:

nos linum incidimus, legimus,

cut through, cut, Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10:

funem,

Verg. A. 3, 667: corpora mortuorum, to dissect, Cels. praef.:

nocentes homines vivos,

id. ib.:

quid habet haruspex cur pulmo incisus etiam in bonis extis dirimat tempus?

Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85:

si rectum limitem rupti torrentibus pontes inciderint,

cut through, broken through, Quint. 2, 13, 16:

squamisque incisus adaestuat amnis,

Stat. Th. 5, 517:

non incisa notis marmcra publicis,

engraved, Hor. C. 4, 8, 13:

tabula... his ferme incisa litteris fuit,

Liv. 6, 29 fin. —

Transf.

To cut in, to carve, engrave, inscribe on any thing; usually constr. with in and abl.; less freq. with in and acc., the dat., or absol.

With in and abl.:

id non modo tum scripserunt, verum etiam in aere incisum nobis tradiderunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65; cf.:

foedus in columna aenea incisum et perscriptum,

id. Balb. 23, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 63, § 154:

in qua basi grandibus litteris P. Africani nomen erat incisum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 34, §

74: nomina in tabula incisa,

id. Fam. 13, 36, 1:

notum est carmen incisum in sepulcro,

id. de Sen. 17, 61; id. Pis. 29, 72; id. Font. 14, 31:

incidens litteras in fago recenti,

Plin. 16, 9, 14, § 35:

indicem in aeneis tabulis,

Suet. Aug. 101:

quae vos incidenda in aere censuistis,

Plin. Pan. 75, 1.—

With in and acc.:

quae (acta) ille in aes incidit,

Plin. Pan. 1, 7, 16:

leges in aes incisae,

Liv. 3, 57 fin.:

lege jam in aes incisā,

Suet. Aug. 28 fin.:

quod ita erit gestum, lex erit, et in aes incidi jubebitis credo illa legitima: consules populum jure rogaverunt, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 26.—

With dat. ( poet. and post-Aug.):

verba ceris,

Ov. M. 9, 529:

amores arboribus,

Verg. E. 10, 53:

fastos marmoreo parieti,

Suet. Gramm. 17:

nomen non trabibus aut saxis,

Plin. Pan. 54, 7; cf.:

primum aliquid da, quod possim titulis incidere,

i. e. among your titles, Juv. 8, 69.—

Absol.:

incidebantur jam domi leges,

Cic. Mil. 32, 87; cf.:

tabula his litteris incīsa,

Liv. 6, 29, 9:

sine delectu morum quisquis incisus est,

inscribed, registered, Sen. Ben. 4, 28:

Victorem litteris incisis appellare,

Macr. S. 3, 6, 11.—

To make by [p. 921] cutting, to cut (rare):

ferroque incidit acuto Perpetuos dentes et serrae repperit usum,

Ov. M. 8, 245:

novas incide faces, tibi ducitur uxor,

Verg. E. 8, 29; Col. 2, 21, 3.

Trop.

To break off, interrupt, put an end to:

poëma ad Caesarem, quod institueram, incidi,

have broken off, stopped, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 11:

inciditur omnis jam deliberatio, si intellegitur non posse fieri,

id. de Or. 2, 82, 336; cf. Liv. 32, 37, 5:

tandem haec singultu verba incidente profatur,

Stat. Th. 9, 884:

novas lites,

Verg. E. 9, 14:

ludum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 36:

vocis genus crebro incidens,

broken, interrupted, Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 217.—

To cut off, cut short, take away, remove:

media,

to cut short, Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47:

qui mihi pinnas inciderant nolunt easdem renasci,

id. 4, 2, 5:

Tarquinius spe omni reditus incisā exsulatum Tusculum abiit,

cut off, Liv. 2, 15, 7:

spe incisā,

id. 3, 58, 6; 35, 31, 7; cf. id. 44, 6, 13; 44, 13, 3:

tantos actus,

Sil. 3, 78:

ipsam, quam promimus horam casus incidit,

Sen. Ep. 101:

testamentum,

to annul, invalidate, Dig. 28, 4, 3.—

In rhet., to make by cutting, to cut:

aequaliter particulas,

Cic. Or. 61, 205.— Hence,

incī-sum, i, n., rhet. t. t. for the Gr. komma, a section or division of a sentence, a clause: quae nescio cur, cum Graeci kommata et kôla nominent, nos non recte incisa et membra dicamus, Cic. Or. 62, 211 (for which:

incisiones et membra,

id. 64, 261):

incisum erit sensus non expleto numero conclusus, plerisque pars membri,

Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. ib. 22; 32; 44; 67; 123.—

incīsē, adv., in short clauses:

quo pacto deceat incise membratimve dici,

Cic. Or. 63, 212; cf. incisim.

incĭdo, cĭdi, cāsum, 3 ( fut. part. act. incasurus, Plin. 2, 27, 27, § 97; perf. scanned incĭdĕrunt, Lucr. 6, 1174), v. n. [in-cado], to fall into or upon a thing, to fall, light upon (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen., constr. with in and acc.; less freq. with other prepp., with the dat., or absol.

With in and acc.:

in foveam,

Cic. Phil. 4, 5, 12:

ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidit,

id. Fat. 3, 6:

e nubi in nubem vis incidit ardens fulminis,

Lucr. 6, 145; cf. id. 296:

in segetem flamma,

falls, Verg. A. 2, 305:

pestilentia in urbem,

Liv. 27, 23 fin.:

ut incideret luna tum in eam metam, quae esset umbra terrae, etc.,

entered, Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 22:

in oculos,

Plin. 20, 17, 73, § 187:

incidentibus vobis in vallum portasque,

Liv. 27, 13, 2:

in laqueos,

Juv. 10, 314.—

With other prepp.:

incidit ictus Ingens ad terram duplicato poplite Turnus,

Verg. A. 12, 926:

(turris) super agmina late incidit,

id. ib. 2, 467.—

With dat.:

incidere portis,

to rush into, Liv. 5, 11, 14; 5, 26, 8:

lymphis putealibus,

Lucr. 6, 1174:

caput incidit arae,

Ov. M. 5, 104: Sagunti ruinae nostris capitibus incident, Liv. 21, 10, 10:

ultimis Romanis,

id. 28, 13, 9:

jacenti,

Stat. Th. 5, 233:

hi duo amnes confluentes incidunt Oriundi flumini,

empty, fall into, Liv. 44, 31, 4:

modo serius incidis (sol) undis,

sink, Ov. M. 4, 198.—

Absol.:

illa (hasta) volans, umeri surgunt qua tegmina summa, incidit,

Verg. A. 10, 477: incidit Adriaci spatium admirabile rhombi, i. e. into the fisherman ' s net, Juv. 4, 39. —

In partic., to fall upon, meet, or come upon unexpectedly, fall in with a person or thing.

With in and acc.:

in aliquem incurrere atque incidere,

Cic. Planc. 7, 17:

cum hic in me incidit,

id. ib. 41, 99:

C. Valerius Procillus, cum in fuga catenis vinctus traheretur, in ipsum Caesarem incidit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 5:

in insidias,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 3; cf.:

in quos (milites), si qui ex acie fugerint, de improviso incidant,

id. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:

in manus alicujus,

id. Clu. 7, 21:

in vituperatores,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 6; 6, 1, 25.—

With inter:

inter catervas armatorum,

Liv. 25, 39.—

With dat.:

qui (oculi) quocumque inciderunt,

Cic. Mil. 1, 1; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 13; Quint. 11, 3, 50:

sane homini praeter opinionem improviso incidi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182:

incidit huic Appennicolae bellator filius Anni,

Verg. A. 11, 699.—

With acc. alone (late Lat.):

bene quod meas potissimum manus incidisti,

App. M. 6, p. 176, 24; id. ib. p. 179, 4:

fatales laqueos,

Vulc. Gall. Avid. Caes. 2, § 2.—

Transf., to fall upon, attack, assault: triarii consurgentes... in hostem incidebant. Liv. 8, 8, 13:

postquam acrius ultimis incidebat Romanus,

id. 28, 13, 9.

Trop.

In gen., to fall into any condition.

With in and acc.:

in morbum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 4: in febriculam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21 fin.:

in miserias,

id. Phil. 2, 10, 24; cf.:

qui inciderant (sc. in morbum) haud facile septimum diem superabant,

Liv. 41, 21, 5:

ut si in hujusmodi amicitias ignari casu aliquo inciderint,

Cic. Lael. 12, 42:

quodsi quis etiam a culpa vacuus in amicitiam ejus inciderat,

Sall. C. 14, 4:

in honoris contentionem,

Cic. Lael. 10, 34:

in imperiorum, honorum, gloriae cupiditatem,

id. Off. 1, 8, 26:

in furorem et insaniam,

Cic. Pis. 20, 46. —

With acc. alone:

caecitatem, Ambros. de Tobia, 2: iram,

Lact. Plac. Narr. Fab. 1, 10:

amorem,

id. ib. 14, 1.—

To fall upon, befall:

eo anno pestilentia gravis incidit in urbem agrosque,

Liv. 27, 23, 6:

tantus terror incidit ejus exercitui,

fell upon, Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 2; cf.:

ut nihil incidisset postea civitati mali, quod, etc.,

happened, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26.—

In partic.

To fall upon accidentally; to light upon, in thought or conversation:

non consulto, sed casu in eorum mentionem incidi,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 50; id. Lael. 1, 3; cf.:

fortuito in sermonem alicujus incidere,

id. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

in eum sermonem incidere, qui, etc.,

id. Lael. 1, 2:

in varios sermones,

id. Att. 16, 2, 4:

cum in eam memoriam et recordationem nuper ex sermone quodam incidissemus,

id. Brut. 2, 9:

iterum in mentionem incidimus viri,

Tac. H. 4, 5; Plin. Ep. 9, 33, 1.—

To come or occur to one's mind:

sapiens appeteret aliquid, quodcumque in mentem incideret et quodcumque tamquam occurreret,

come into his mind, Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 5; id. Heaut. 3, 1, 75:

redeunti, ex ipsa re mihi incidit suspicio,

id. And. 2, 2, 22; 3, 2, 21:

tanta nunc suspicio de me incidit,

id. Ad. 4, 4, 5:

dicam, verum, ut aliud ex alio incidit,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 37:

nihil te effugiet atque omne. quod erit in re occurret atque incidet,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 147:

potantibus his apud Sex. Tarquinium incidit de uxoribus mentio,

Liv. 1, 57, 6.—

To fall upon, happen in a certain time.

With in and acc.:

quod in id rei publicae tempus non incideris, sed veneris — judicio enim tuo, non casu in ipsum discrimen rerum contulisti tribunatum tuum—profecto vides, quanta vis, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 2:

quorum aetas in eorum tempora, quos nominavi, incidit,

Cic. Or. 12, 39; cf. id. Fam. 5, 15, 3:

quoniam in eadem rei publicae tempora incidimus,

id. ib. 5, 8, 3 fin.:

facies me in quem diem Romana incidant mysteria certiorem,

id. Att. 6, 1, 26:

cum in Kalendas Januarias Compitaliorum dies incidisset,

id. Pis. 4, 8:

quae (bella) in ejus aetatem gravissima inciderunt,

Quint. 12, 11, 16: in eum annum quo erat Hortensius consul futurus, incidere, to fall into, i. e. to extend the case until, etc., id. 6, 5, 4; cf.:

quintus annus cum in te praetorem incidisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139.—

With acc. alone (late Lat.):

ut menses... autumnale tempus inciderent,

Sol. 1, § 44.—

To fall out, happen, occur:

et in nostra civitate et in ceteris, multis fortissimis atque optimis viris injustis judiciis tales casus incidisse,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

si quid tibi durius inciderit,

Prop. 1, 15, 28; cf.: si casus inciderit, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6:

incidunt saepe tempora cum, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 10, 31:

eorum ipsorum, quae honesta sunt, potest incidere saepe contentio et comparatio,

id. ib. 1, 43, 152:

potest incidere quaestio,

Quint. 7, 1, 19:

verbum si quod minus usitatum incidat,

id. 2, 5, 4:

in magnis quoque auctoribus incidunt aliqua vitiosa,

id. 10, 2, 15; 11, 1, 70; Cels. 5, 27, 3: ea accidisse non quia haec facta sunt, arbitror;

verum haec ideo facta, quia incasura erant illa,

Plin. 2, 27, 27, § 97:

si quando ita incidat,

Quint. 2, 5, 5; cf.:

forte ita incidit, ut, etc.,

Liv. 26, 23, 2:

forte ita inciderat, ne, etc.,

id. 1, 46, 5.—

To fall in with, coincide, agree with, in opinion, etc.:

ne ipse incidat in Diodorum, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 8, 15.—

To stumble upon, undertake at random:

sic existumes non me fortuito ad tuam amplitudinem meis officiis amplectendam incidisse, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3.— Hence in part. pres.: incĭdentĭa, subst., occurrences, events, Amm. 14, 5, 4; 22, 9, 2 al.

incīdo, cīdi, cīsum, 3, v. a. [in-caedo], to cut into, cut through, cut open, cut up (class.).

Lit.:

teneris arboribus incisis atque inflexis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 17, 4:

arbores,

Plin. 12, 14, 30, § 54; 32, § 58:

inciditur vitro, lapide, osseisve cultellis,

id. 12, 25, 54, § 115; cf.:

palmes inciditur in medullam,

id. 14, 9, 11, § 84:

venam,

to open, id. 29, 6, 58, § 126; Cels. 2, 8; Tac. A. 16, 19; cf.:

incisi nervi,

Plin. 11, 37, 88, § 218:

circa vulnus scalpello,

Cels. 5, 27, 3:

pinnas,

to clip, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 5; so,

vites falce,

Verg. E. 3, 11:

pulmo incisus,

cut up, divided, Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85; cf.:

eupatoria foliis per extremitates incisis,

i. e. notched, indented, Plin. 5, 6, 29, § 65:

nos linum incidimus, legimus,

cut through, cut, Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10:

funem,

Verg. A. 3, 667: corpora mortuorum, to dissect, Cels. praef.:

nocentes homines vivos,

id. ib.:

quid habet haruspex cur pulmo incisus etiam in bonis extis dirimat tempus?

Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85:

si rectum limitem rupti torrentibus pontes inciderint,

cut through, broken through, Quint. 2, 13, 16:

squamisque incisus adaestuat amnis,

Stat. Th. 5, 517:

non incisa notis marmcra publicis,

engraved, Hor. C. 4, 8, 13:

tabula... his ferme incisa litteris fuit,

Liv. 6, 29 fin. —

Transf.

To cut in, to carve, engrave, inscribe on any thing; usually constr. with in and abl.; less freq. with in and acc., the dat., or absol.

With in and abl.:

id non modo tum scripserunt, verum etiam in aere incisum nobis tradiderunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65; cf.:

foedus in columna aenea incisum et perscriptum,

id. Balb. 23, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 63, § 154:

in qua basi grandibus litteris P. Africani nomen erat incisum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 34, §

74: nomina in tabula incisa,

id. Fam. 13, 36, 1:

notum est carmen incisum in sepulcro,

id. de Sen. 17, 61; id. Pis. 29, 72; id. Font. 14, 31:

incidens litteras in fago recenti,

Plin. 16, 9, 14, § 35:

indicem in aeneis tabulis,

Suet. Aug. 101:

quae vos incidenda in aere censuistis,

Plin. Pan. 75, 1.—

With in and acc.:

quae (acta) ille in aes incidit,

Plin. Pan. 1, 7, 16:

leges in aes incisae,

Liv. 3, 57 fin.:

lege jam in aes incisā,

Suet. Aug. 28 fin.:

quod ita erit gestum, lex erit, et in aes incidi jubebitis credo illa legitima: consules populum jure rogaverunt, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 26.—

With dat. ( poet. and post-Aug.):

verba ceris,

Ov. M. 9, 529:

amores arboribus,

Verg. E. 10, 53:

fastos marmoreo parieti,

Suet. Gramm. 17:

nomen non trabibus aut saxis,

Plin. Pan. 54, 7; cf.:

primum aliquid da, quod possim titulis incidere,

i. e. among your titles, Juv. 8, 69.—

Absol.:

incidebantur jam domi leges,

Cic. Mil. 32, 87; cf.:

tabula his litteris incīsa,

Liv. 6, 29, 9:

sine delectu morum quisquis incisus est,

inscribed, registered, Sen. Ben. 4, 28:

Victorem litteris incisis appellare,

Macr. S. 3, 6, 11.—

To make by [p. 921] cutting, to cut (rare):

ferroque incidit acuto Perpetuos dentes et serrae repperit usum,

Ov. M. 8, 245:

novas incide faces, tibi ducitur uxor,

Verg. E. 8, 29; Col. 2, 21, 3.

Trop.

To break off, interrupt, put an end to:

poëma ad Caesarem, quod institueram, incidi,

have broken off, stopped, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 11:

inciditur omnis jam deliberatio, si intellegitur non posse fieri,

id. de Or. 2, 82, 336; cf. Liv. 32, 37, 5:

tandem haec singultu verba incidente profatur,

Stat. Th. 9, 884:

novas lites,

Verg. E. 9, 14:

ludum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 36:

vocis genus crebro incidens,

broken, interrupted, Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 217.—

To cut off, cut short, take away, remove:

media,

to cut short, Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47:

qui mihi pinnas inciderant nolunt easdem renasci,

id. 4, 2, 5:

Tarquinius spe omni reditus incisā exsulatum Tusculum abiit,

cut off, Liv. 2, 15, 7:

spe incisā,

id. 3, 58, 6; 35, 31, 7; cf. id. 44, 6, 13; 44, 13, 3:

tantos actus,

Sil. 3, 78:

ipsam, quam promimus horam casus incidit,

Sen. Ep. 101:

testamentum,

to annul, invalidate, Dig. 28, 4, 3.—

In rhet., to make by cutting, to cut:

aequaliter particulas,

Cic. Or. 61, 205.— Hence,

incī-sum, i, n., rhet. t. t. for the Gr. komma, a section or division of a sentence, a clause: quae nescio cur, cum Graeci kommata et kôla nominent, nos non recte incisa et membra dicamus, Cic. Or. 62, 211 (for which:

incisiones et membra,

id. 64, 261):

incisum erit sensus non expleto numero conclusus, plerisque pars membri,

Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. ib. 22; 32; 44; 67; 123.—

incīsē, adv., in short clauses:

quo pacto deceat incise membratimve dici,

Cic. Or. 63, 212; cf. incisim.

rĕ-pĕto, īvi or ĭi, ītum, 3, v. a., to fall upon or attack again or anew, to strike again (syn. repercutio).

Lit. (in gen. not till after the Aug. per.):

regem repetitum saepius cuspide ad terram affixit,

after he had repeatedly attacked him, Liv. 4, 19; cf.:

mulam calcibus et canem morsu,

Sen. Ira, 3, 27, 1:

repetita per ilia ferrum,

Ov. M. 4, 733; 6, 562.— Absol.:

bis cavere, bis repetere,

to attack twice, Quint. 5, 13, 54:

signum erat omnium, Repete!

strike again, Suet. Calig. 58:

ad Nolam armis repetendam,

Liv. 9, 28:

repetitus toxico,

id. Claud. 44. —

In partic.

To prosecute again:

condicione propositā, ut, si quem quis repetere vellet, par periculum poenae subiret,

Suet. Aug. 32; id. Dom. 8 and 9; Dig. 48, 2, 3; 48, 16, 10; 15.—

To seek again; to go back to, return to, revisit a person or thing.

With acc.:

fratresque virumque,

Ov. H. 3, 143:

Nearchum,

Hor. C. 3, 20, 6:

Penates, ab orā Hispanā,

id. ib. 3, 14, 3:

viam, quā venisset,

to retrace, Liv. 35, 28; cf. id. 9, 2, 8:

castra,

id. 31, 21; Suet. Tib. 12:

domum,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 6; Ov. P. 4, 4, 41; id. M. 3, 204:

patriam,

id. H. 18, 123; Just. 32, 3, 7:

Africam,

Liv. 25. 27:

locum,

id. 3, 63:

retro Apuliam,

id. 22, 18; cf. id. 31, 45 fin.; 40, 58 fin.:

rursus Bithyniam,

Suet. Caes. 2:

urbem atque ordinem senatorium,

id. Vit. 1:

paludes,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 9:

cavum,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 33:

praesepia,

Verg. E. 7, 39:

urbem,

id. A. 2, 749:

Macedoniam,

Nep. Eum. 6, 1:

pugnam (shortly before, redire in pugnam),

Liv. 37, 43:

expeditionem,

Suet. Claud. 1.—

With prep.:

onerarias retro in Africam repetere,

Liv. 25, 25 fin. Drak.:

ad vada,

Verg. Cul. 104:

ad prima vestigia,

Grat. Cyn. 245.—

Absol.:

quid enim repetiimus (sc. patriam)?

Liv. 5, 51.—Freq. in medic. lang., to return, recur:

morbi repetunt,

Cels. 2, 1; 3, 22; 4, 4; 14 al. —

Transf. (class.).

To fetch, bring, or take back (cf. revoco).

Lit.:

filium istinc repetere,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 72:

repudiatus repetor,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 14:

Lysias est Atticus, quamquam Timaeus eum quasi Liciniā et Muciā lege repetit Syracusas,

Cic. Brut. 16, 63:

qui maxime me repetistis atque revocastis,

id. Dom. 57, 144:

navigo in Ephesum, ut aurum repetam ab Theotimo domum,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 7:

ad haec (impedimenta) repetenda,

Caes. B. C. 3, 76:

aliquid ab Urbe,

Suet. Calig. 39; cf.:

thoracem Magni Alexandri e conditorio ejus,

id. ib. 52 fin.:

partem reliquam copiarum continenti,

id. Aug. 16:

alii (elephanti) deinde repetiti ac trajecti sunt,

others were then brought and passed over, Liv. 21, 28:

ut alium repetat in eundem rogum,

Sen. Oedip. 61. —

Trop., in partic.

To take hold of or undertake again; to enter upon again; to recommence, resume, renew, repeat an action, a speech, etc. (cf.:

renovo, restauro): praetermissa repetimus, incohata persequimur,

Cic. Fin. 5, 19, 51:

longo intervallo haec studia repetentem,

id. Fat. 2, 4; id. Att. 15, 11, 1:

oratio carens hac virtute (sc. ordine) necesse est multa repetat, multa transeat,

Quint. 7, prooem. §

3: ad verbum repetita reddantur,

id. 11, 2, 39 et saep.:

eadem vetera consilia,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17:

hoc primus repetas opus, hoc postremus omittas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 48:

susurri Compositā repetantur horā,

id. C. 1, 9, 20:

relicta,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 97:

verba,

Ov. H. 20, 9:

audita,

id. ib. 20, 193:

repetitum Mulciber aevum Poscit,

id. M. 9, 422:

auspicia de integro,

Liv. 5, 17:

pugnam,

id. 10, 36 acrius bellum, Just. 12, 2, 13:

iter,

Ov. A. A. 3, 747:

sollemnia,

Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

spectacula ex antiquitate,

to restore, Suet. Claud. 21; cf.:

genera ignominiarum ex antiquitate,

id. Tib. 19:

legatum,

Dig. 30, 1, 32:

usum fructum,

ib. 7, 4, 3.— With de:

de mutatione litterarum nihil repetere hic necesse est,

Quint. 1, 7, 13.— With object-clause:

repetam necesse est, infinitas esse species,

Quint. 6, 3, 101; 46: ut repetam coeptum pertexere dictis, Lucr. 1, 418; cf.:

commemorare res,

id. 6, 936.— Poet.: rĕpĕtītus, a, um, as an adv., repeatedly, anew, again:

repetita suis percussit pectora palmis,

Ov. M. 5, 473; 12, 287:

robora caedit,

id. ib. 8, 769:

vellera mollibat longo tractu,

by drawing out repeatedly, id. ib. 6, 20; cf.:

haec decies repetita placebit,

Hor. A. P. 365. —

In discourse, to draw, deduce, derive from anywhere; to go back to, begin from anywhere (cf. deduco):

populum a stirpe,

Cic. Rep. 3, 12, 21:

repetere populi originem,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3:

ipsius juris ortum a fonte... stirpem juris a naturā,

id. Leg. 1, 6, 20:

usque a Corace nescio quo et Tisiā,

id. de Or. 1, 20, 91; 2, 2, 6:

ab ultimā antiquitate,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

brevis erit narratio, si non ab ultimo repetetur,

id. Inv. 1, 20, 28; Quint. 5, 10, 83:

aliquid a Platonis auctoritate,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 34:

ingressio non ex oratoriis disputationibus ducta sed e mediā philosophiā repetita,

id. Or. 3, 11:

res remotas ex litterarum monumentis,

id. Inv. 1, 1, 1: initia amicitiae ex parentibus nostris, Bithyn. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 16 init.:

verba ex ultimis tenebris, ex vetustate,

Quint. 8, 3, 25; 11, 1, 49; 1, 4, 4:

alte vero et, ut oportet, a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

tam longa et tam alte repetita oratio,

id. de Or. 3, 24, 91; id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

repetam paulo altius, etc.,

id. Clu. 24, 66:

altius omnem Expediam primā repetens ab origine famam,

Verg. G. 4, 286; so,

altius,

Quint. 5, 7, 27; 6, 2, 2; 11, 1, 62; Suet. Ner. 2:

transilire ante pedes posita et alia longe repetita sumere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 160; so,

longe,

id. Fam. 13, 29, 2; id. Div. 2, 58, 119:

longius,

id. Inv. 1, 49, 91; Quint. 5, 7, 17; 5, 11, 23:

repetitis atque enumeratis diebus,

reckoned backwards, Caes. B. C. 3, 105; so,

repetitis diebus ex die vulneris,

Dig. 9, 2, 51, § 2:

repetitā die,

ib. 10, 4, 9, § 6; 39, 2, 15, § 31; 43, 19, 1, § 10; 22, 4, 3.—

Repetere aliquid memoriā, memoriam rei, or (rarely without memoriā) aliquid, to call up again in the mind; to call to mind, recall, recollect (cf.:

revoco, recordor): cogitanti mihi saepenumero et memoriā vetera repetenti,

Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Fam. 11, 27, 2; id. Rep. 1, 8, 13; Verg. A. 1, 372:

repete memoriā tecum, quando, etc.,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 3, 3; cf. with object-clause: memoriā repeto, diem esse hodiernum, quo, etc., Scipio Afric. ap. Gell. 4, 18, 3; Quint. 1, 6, 10:

repete temporis illius memoriam,

Cic. Deiot. 7, 20; id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

memoriam ex annalibus,

Liv. 8, 18:

veteris cujusdam memoriae recordationem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 4.—Without memoriā:

reminisci quom ea, quae tenuit mens ac memoria, cogitando repetuntur,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 44 Müll.:

si omnium mearum praecepta litterarum repetes, intelleges, etc.,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7:

supra repetere et paucis instituta majorum disserere,

Sall. C. 5, 9:

unde tuos primum repetam, mea Cynthia, fastus,

Prop. 1, 18, 5:

cum repeto noctem, quā, etc.,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 3:

te animo repetentem exempla tuorum,

Verg. A. 12, 439.— With object-clause:

repeto, me correptum ab eo, cur ambularem,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 16; 7, 6, 7; 13; Suet. Gram. 4:

multum ante repetito, concordem sibi conjugem, etc.,

Tac. A. 3, 33.— Absol.:

inde usque repetens, hoc video,

Cic. Arch. 1, 1:

genitor mihi talia (namque Nunc repeto) Anchises fatorum arcana reliquit,

Verg. A. 7, 123; 3, 184.—

To ask, demand, or take again or back; to demand or claim what is due (syn. reposco).

In gen.

Lit.:

si quis mutuom quid dederit, fit pro proprio perditum, quom repetas,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 45; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 7:

suom,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 63:

neque repeto pro illā quidquam abs te pretii,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 11:

bona sua,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 13, § 32:

abs te sestertium miliens ex lege,

id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19:

ereptas pecunias,

id. ib. 5, 18; cf.:

quae erepta sunt,

id. Sull. 32, 89:

mea promissa,

id. Planc. 42, 101:

obsides,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

urbes bello superatas in antiquum jus,

Liv. 35, 16, 6:

Homerum Colophonii civem esse dicunt suum, Chii suum vindicant, Salaminii repetunt,

Cic. Arch. 8, 19:

Cicero Gallum a Verticone repetit, qui litteras ad Caesarem referat,

applied again for, Caes. B. G. 5, 49:

si forte suas repetitum venerit plumas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 18:

nec repetita sequi curet Proserpina matrem,

Verg. G. 1, 39:

Politorium rursus bello,

to retake, Liv. 1, 33, 3.—

Trop.: qui repetit eam, quam ego patri suo quondam spoponderim, dignitatem, Cic. Fl. 42, 106; cf.:

pro eo (beneficio) gratiam repetere,

Liv. 1, 47:

civitatem in libertatem,

id. 34, 22, 11:

parentum poenas a consceleratissimis filiis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 67:

ab isto eas poenas vi repetisse, aliquo,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 163:

ut ne mors quidem sit in repetendā libertate fugiendā,

in the effort to recover, id. Phil. 10, 10, 20:

libertatem per occasionem,

Liv. 3, 49; cf.:

dies ille libertatis improspere repetitae,

Tac. A. 1, 8:

beneficia ab aliquo,

Sall. J. 96, 2:

honores quasi debitos ab aliquo,

id. ib. 85, 37:

repete a me rempublicam,

take back from me, Suet. Caes. 78: repetitumque, duobus uti mandaretur consulum nomen imperiumque, it was demanded again, that, etc., Liv. 3, 33: se repetere, to recover one ' s self, Sen. Ep. 104, 6.—

In partic., publicists' and jurid. t. t.

Of the fetiales: repetere res, to demand back from the enemy things which they had taken as booty; hence, in gen., to demand satisfaction:

(fetiales) mittebantur antequam conciperetur (bellum), qui res repeterent,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 86 Müll.; Liv. 1, 32; 4, 30; 7, 6; 32; Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36:

jure gentium res repeto,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 17 Dietsch:

amissa bello repetere,

Just. 6, 6, 7; cf. clarigatio and clarigo. —

In jurid. lang.: res repetere, to demand back or reclaim one ' s property before a court:

in iis rebus repetendis, quae mancipi sunt,

Cic. Mur. 2, 3.— Hence, transf., in gen., to seek to obtain, to reclaim: non ex jure manum consertum, sed magi' ferro Rem repetunt, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 277 Vahl.).—

Pecuniae repetundae, or simply repetundae, money or other things extorted by a provincial governor, and that are to be restored (at a later period, referring to any bribed officer):

L. Piso legem de pecuniis repetundis primus tulit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195; 2, 4, 25, § 56; id. Brut. 27, 106; id. Off. 2, 21, 75:

quorum causā judicium de pecuniis repetundis est constitutum,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:

clames te lege pecuniarum repetundarum non teneri,

id. Clu. 53, 148:

pecuniarum repetundarum reus,

Sall. C. 18, 3:

oppugnatus in judicio pecuniarum repetundarum,

id. ib. 49, 2:

quā lege a senatore ratio repeti solet de pecuniis repetundis,

Cic. Clu. 37, 104:

accusare de pecuniis repetundis,

id. Rab. Post. 4, 9; id. Clu. 41, 114:

cum de pecuniis repetundis nomen cujuspiam deferatur,

id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 10:

de pecuniis repetundis ad recuperatores itum est,

Tac. A. 1, 74 fin. —With ellipsis of pecuniis:

repetundarum causae, crimen, lex,

Quint. 4, 2, 85; 5, 7, 5; 4, 2, 15; Tac. A. 4, 19; 13, 43; 12, 22; 13, 33; id. H. 1, 77; 4, 45; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 3:

repetundarum reus,

Val. Max. 9, 12, 7:

repetundarum argui,

Tac. A. 3, 33:

accusare,

Suet. Dom. 8:

postulari,

Tac. A. 3, 66; Suet. Caes. 4:

absolvi,

Tac. A. 13, 30:

convinci,

Suet. Caes. 43:

damnari,

Tac. A. 3, 70; 14, 28:

teneri,

id. ib. 11, 7: Pilius de repetundis eum postulavit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 2 (for which, §

3, de pecuniis repetundis): neque absolutus neque damnatus Servilius de repetundis,

id. ib. §

3: damnatum repetundis consularem virum,

Suet. Oth. 2 fin.

tum, adv. demonstr., of time [pronom. demonstr. stems to-, ta-; Gr. to, seen in ita, tam, etc.; cf. quom or cum], then.

Referring to a time previously specified.

To a definite past time.

To a period of time in which something was or happened (opp. later periods) = illis temporibus:

is dictu'st ollis popularibus olim Qui tum vivebant homines,

Enn. Ann. v. 308 Vahl.:

quod tum erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, i. e. Romuli temporibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16:

cum illi male dicerent, quod tum fieri licebat, i. e. Periclis temporibus,

id. de Or. 3, 34, 138:

erat omnino tum mos ut faciles essent in suum cuique tribuendo,

id. Brut. 21, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:

vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant,

Liv. 1, 4, 6; 2, 6, 8; 3, 29, 3; 4, 6, 12; 42, 62, 11;

44, 9, 4: ut tum erant tempora,

Nep. Att. 1, 2; 12, 3; Liv. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 4; 2, 7, 4; 2, 9, 8; 2, 50, 2; 2, 63, 6;

39, 6, 7 and 9.—With illis temporibus: nam jam tum illis temporibus fortius... loquebantur quam pugnabant,

Nep. Thras. 2, 4.—

Referring to a point of time, then, at that time:

insigneita fere tum milia militum octo Duxit,

Enn. Ann. v. 336 Vahl.: ut jacui exsurgo;

ardere censui aedis: ita tum confulgebant,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 15:

jam duo restabant fata tum,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 35; id. Cist. 1, 3, 14: quot eras annos gnatus tum, quom, etc.? Me Septuennis, nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum, id. Men. 5, 9, 56; id. Merc. prol. 66; id. Most. 1, 2, 49; id. Am. 2, 1, 56; Ter. And. 1, 1, 82: sic igitur tum se levis ac diffusilis aether... undique flexit. Lucr. 5, 467; 5, 837; 5, 911; 5, 432;

5, 942: atque huic anno proximus Sulla consule et Pompejo fuit. Tum P. Sulpicii in tribunatu, cottidie contionantis, totum genus dicendi cognovimus,

Cic. Brut. 89, 306; id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:

scribit Eudemum Pheras venisse, quae erat urbs in Thessalia tum admodum nobilis,

id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:

hi tum in Asia rhetorum principes,

id. Brut. 91, 316; id. Sest. 11, 26; id. Planc. 37, 90; id. Quint. 61, 170; id. Fam. 9, 21, 2:

hoc tum veritus Caesar Pharum prehendit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

eodem anno a Campanis Cumae, quam Graeci tum urbem tenebant, capiuntur,

Liv. 4, 44, 13; 1, 7, 14; 2, 9, 5;

2, 37, 7: praetores tum duos Latium habebat,

id. 8, 3, 9:

Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant, dictatorem dixit,

id. 8, 12, 13; 5, 8, 4; 22, 46, 6;

1, 7, 12: tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt,

Vell. 1, 8, 3:

tum Cimbri et Teutoni transcendere Rhenum,

id. 2, 8, 3; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3; Tac. H. 4, 49; 3, 57:

non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit,

Curt. 3, 11, 5:

Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat,

Nep. Pelop. 3, 2; id. Phoc. 3, 3.—With in eo tempore: eum quem virile secus tum in eo tempore habebat, Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 5.—Repeated by anaphora:

quae nox omnium temporum conjurationis acerrima fuit. Tum Catilinae dies exeundi, tum ceteris manendi condicio, tum descriptio... constituta est, tum tuus pater, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 18, 52; cf. Lucr. 5, 1377; 5, 1399.—

Esp., referring to a former state, implying that it no longer exists:

quaesivit ex lege illa Cornelia quae tum erat,

Cic. Clu. 20, 55:

cum sententias Oppianicus, quae tum erat potestas, palam ferri velle dixisset,

id. ib. 27, 75:

Caere, opulento tum oppido,

Liv. 1, 2, 3; 3, 52, 3:

praetores aerarii (nam tum a praetoribus tractabatur aerarium), etc.,

Tac. H. 4, 9.—

Expressly opposed to present time (hodie, nunc, hoc tempore, etc.; class. and very freq.; but in post-Aug. writers tunc is regularly used): prius non is eras qui eras;

nunc is factu's qui tum non eras,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 138:

tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopia?

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 25; id. Hec. 3, 3, 48:

quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revulsa, nunc a me tamen reportata est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112:

tum imperator populi Romani deos patrios reportabat, nunc praetor ejusdem populi eosdem illos deos... auferebat,

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; 2, 5, 20, § 51; id. Clu. 31, 86; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Quint. 22, 71; id. Phil. 14, 8, 21; id. Leg. 2, 22, 57; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Liv. 5, 3, 5; 6, 15, 11; 10, 9, 6.—

Opposed to another time specified:

itaque tum eos exire jussit. Post autem e provincia litteras ad conlegium misit, se, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

itaque ut tum carere rege, sic pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat,

id. Rep. 2, 30, 53; id. Mil. 21, 55:

sicut legatorum antea, ita tum novorum colonorum caede imbutis armis,

Liv. 4, 31, 7; 39, 22, 10; 9, 36, 1; 2, 52, 7; 4, 2, 10; 4, 57, 11;

21, 17, 1: et tum sicca, prius celeberrima fontibus, Ide,

Ov. M. 2, 218; Verg. A. 11, 33; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Ham. 11, 7.—

In the historians in applying general statements or truths to the state of affairs spoken of: communi enim fit vitio naturae ut invisis atque incognitis rebus... vehementius exterreamur;

ut tum accidit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 4; 3, 68; id. B. G. 7, 3; 2, 6; id. B. C. 1, 80:

foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt. Tum ita factum accepimus,

Liv. 1, 24, 4; 1, 32, 14; 21, 31, 12.—

Denoting coincidence or inner connection with an action before mentioned = a temporal clause (tum = cum hoc fieret), then, on that occasion:

quis tum non ingemuit?

Cic. Vatin. 13, 31:

ne tum quidem hominum venustatem et facetias perspicere potuisti? i. e. cum coronam auream imponebant,

id. Fl. 31, 76: apud imperitos tum illa dicta sunt;

nunc agendum est subtilius,

id. Fin. 4, 27, 74:

itaque tum Stajenus condemnatus est,

i. e. in that trial, id. Clu. 36, 101; id. Sen. 7, 22:

M. Porcius Cato qui, asper ingenio, tum lenem mitemque senatorem egit,

Liv. 45, 25; Val. Max. 8, 3, 3:

sed tum supplicia dis... decernuntur,

Tac. A. 3, 64; 3, 72:

Graecia tum potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri,

Ov. M. 14, 474.—

With the occasion referred to specified in the same clause: Manlius... ex petulanti scurra in discordiis civitatis ad eam columnam tum suffragiis populi pervenerat,

Cic. Clu. 13, 39:

emisti tum in naufragio hujus urbis... tum, inquam, emisti ut, etc.,

id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7.—Repeated by anaphora: et Capitolinis injecit sedibus ignes. Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra deorum, Romulusque et Remus cum altrice belua vi fulminis icti conciderunt, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45;

so repeated seven times,

id. Rep. 1, 40, 62.—

Redundant, the time of the action being clear without it (esp. in Cic.):

atque hoc tum judicio facto... tamen Avitus Oppianicum reum statim non facit,

Cic. Clu. 20, 56:

itaque tum ille inopia et necessitate coactus ad Caepasios confugit,

id. ib. 20, 57; id. Brut. 23, 90; 39, 145; 43, 161; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51, where tum redundant occurs six times successively.—

In oblique discourse, referring to the time of the speaker, = nunc in direct discourse:

quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore?

if they were not now so, Liv. 3, 62, 1:

(dixit Sempronius)... nec tum agrum plebi, sed sibi invidiam quaeri,

id. 4, 44, 9; 4, 57, 4:

moenia eos tum transcendere non Italiae modo, sed etiam urbis Romanae,

id. 21, 35, 9; 5, 21, 7 (in this use nunc is also freq.).—

Referring to indefinite time.

Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc., at such a season:

tum denique tauros in gregem redigo (after Lyra rises),

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; 1, 35 fin.; Col. 11, 2, 87.—

With the force of an indefinite temporal clause, at such a time, in such circumstances, i. e. when such a thing happens as has happened:

qui (porci) a partu decimo die habentur puri, ab eo appellantur sacres, quod tum ad sacrificium idonei habentur primum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 16; 2, 7, 13:

deinde cibum sequitur somnus... quia plurima tum se corpora conturbant (i. e. cum cibum ceperunt),

Lucr. 4, 957; 3, 599; 4, 892; 4, 919;

4, 1030: quam regionem cum superavit animus... finem altius se efferendi facit. Tum enim sui similem et levitatem et calorem adeptus... nullam in partem movetur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; 1, 31, 75; 3, 23, 55; 4, 24, 54; Tac. Dial. 7.—

With the force of a conditional clause, then, in this instance, if so: immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis. Ph. Tum tu igitur, qua causa missus es ad portum, id expedi (i. e. si ita est), Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 39; id. Most. 5, 1, 55; id. As. 1, 1, 93; 2, 2, 64; 3, 3, 36; id. Aul. 3, 6, 31; id. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 2, 78: non potitus essem;

fuisset tum illos mi aegre aliquot dies,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 7; id. Eun. 2, 2, 50; 5, 1, 23; id. Hec. 3, 5, 12:

ego C. Caesaris laudibus desim, quas, etc.? Tum hercule me confitear non judicium aliquod habuisse,

Cic. Planc. 39, 93: scribant aliquid Isocrateo more...;

tum illos existimabo non desperatione formidavisse genus hoc,

id. Or. 70, 235; id. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39); id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; Ov. H. 18 (19), 81: vellem tam ferax saeculum haberemus...;

tum ego te primus hortarer, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 8.—

Referring to future time.

To a definite time before mentioned:

ut sit satius perdere Quam aut nunc manere tam diu, aut tum persequi,

i. e. after my future return, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27:

jam nunc mente prospicio quae tum studia hominum, qui concursus futuri sint,

Cic. Div. in Caecin. 13, 42; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; 1, 10, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 17; id. Marcell. 9, 30:

tum meae... Vocis accedet bona pars,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 45.—

With the force of a conditional clause (cf. 3. b, supra), then, in this instance, if so: specta, tum scies. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 100; cf.:

quom videbis, tum scies,

id. ib. 1, 2, 37: tuom incendes genus;

Tum igitur aquae erit tibi cupido, etc.,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 50; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17:

confer sudantes, ructantes, refertos epulis... tum intelleges, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 100; id. Planc. 18, 45; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115:

agedum, dictatorem creemus... Pulset tum mihi lictorem qui sciet, etc.,

Liv. 2, 29, 12; Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6; id. Or. 23, 78; 71, 235; Liv. 4, 22, 11; 5, 16, 10; 9, 11, 4.—

Referring to a time subsequent to a time mentioned, then, thereupon.

Simple sequence in time.

Time proper (only of an immediate sequence;

otherwise deinde, postea, etc., are used): tum cum corde suo divum pater atque hominum rex Effatur, etc.,

Enn. Ann. 179:

dico ei quo pactod eam viderim erilem nostram filiam sustollere. Extimuit tum illa,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 58: tum ille egens forte adplicat Primum ad Chrysidis patrem se. Ter. And. 5, 4, 21; id. Eun. 3, 1, 17; Cato, R. R. 48 (49); 135 (136); so id. ib. 112 (113): equos quinto anno... amittere binos (dentes);

tum renascentes eis sexto anno impleri,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2 sq.: collo [p. 1909] cari jussit hominem in aureo lecto, abacosque complures ornavit... Tum ad mensam eximia forma pueros jussit consistere, eosque, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61:

dixerat hoc ille, cum puer nuntiavit venire ad eum Laelium... Tum Scipio e cubiculo est egressus, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Div. 2, 66, 135; id. Clu. 14, 40; id. Cat. 3, 5, 10; id. Ac. 2, 5, 13; id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

hostes suos ab oppugnatione reduxerunt. Tum suo more conclamaverunt ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 26; cf. id. ib. 7, 64; 5, 43 fin.;

5, 48: adsurgentem ibi regem cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tum spolia caputque abscisum spiculo gerens... hostes fudit,

Liv. 4, 19, 5; 5, 21, 1; 1, 26, 9; 1, 18, 10; 1, 20, 1; 1, 22, 6; 1, 28, 4; 1, 28, 9; 2, 24, 4;

3, 8, 11, etc.: tum Caesar cum exercitu Thessaliam petit,

Vell. 2, 52, 1; Val. Max. 5, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 3, 7; Tac. A. 3, 28; 11, 35; id. H. 4, 84; Ov. M. 2, 122; 4, 80; 7, 121; 10, 481; 14, 386; Flor. 1, 13, 12; Gell. 1, 19, 5; 1, 23, 5.—

In partic., foll. by an abl. absol.:

tum, prope jam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Verginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit,

Liv. 3, 11, 9; 8, 32, 1; 10, 29, 12:

tum omni spe perdita, Meherdates dolo ejus vincitur, traditurque victori,

Tac. A. 12, 15; 12, 16:

tum, ferro extracto, confestim exanimatus est,

Nep. Epam. 9, 4.—

Implying a connection between two events, hence, under these circumstances, accordingly, thereupon:

at pater omnipotens ira tum percitus acri... Phaethonta... Deturbavit in terram,

Lucr. 5, 399:

madefactum iri Graeciam sanguine... tum neque te ipsum non esse commotum, Marcumque Varronem et M. Catonem... vehementer esse perterritos,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 76; Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf. id. ib. 5, 49; 5, 51;

7, 59: quippe quibus nec domi spes prolis, nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,

Liv. 1, 9, 2; 3, 26, 1; 3, 31, 7; 4, 45, 7.—

Enumeration of a series of events; the co-ordinate clauses introduced by tum... tum, or primum (primo)... deinde... tum, etc.

Succession of time proper:

ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Jove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; 1, 27, 57; 2, 28, 58 sq.:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; 5, 23, 65; id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:

primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; 3, 3, 6: primum colonos inde Romanos expulit: inde in Latinam viam transgressus, etc., inde Lavinium recepit; tum deinceps Corbionem, Vitelliam;

postremum, etc.,

Liv. 2, 39, 4:

primi consules sub jugum missi, tum ut quisque gradu proximus erat, tum deinceps singulae legiones,

id. 9, 6, 1:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

id. 21, 22, 8; id. praef. 9; 3, 28, 8: 5, 39, 7;

23, 23, 6: deinde... deinde... Tum... post quas, etc.,

Curt. 3, 3, 24: primum... deinde... deinde... tum... postea, Masur. Gabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5; Gai. Inst. 4, 60.—

So in partic.: tum (also hic, et;

not deinde or postea), to denote the succession of speakers in dialogue: immo duas dabo, inquit adulescens... Tum senex ille: Si vis, inquit, quattuor sane dato,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 46 dub.:

tum Piso... inquit, etc. Tum Quintus... inquit, etc. Hic ego... inquam, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Piso... inquit, etc. Et ille ridens... inquit, etc. Tum Piso exorsus est, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sqq.:

tum Atticus... inquit, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Brutus, etc. Tum ille, etc. Tum Atticus, etc. Tum Pomponius... inquit, etc.,

id. Brut. 3, 11 sqq., and through the whole treatise; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 4; 1, 3, 9; 1, 4, 13; 1, 12, 43 and 44; 2, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 sqq.; id. Rep. 1, 13, 19 sqq.; Liv. 7, 10, 2 sqq.; 23, 12, 8; Tac. Dial. 3; 15; 25; 42; Gell. 3, 1, 11 sqq.; 18, 1, 9 sqq.; Ov. M. 14, 594.—

Transf., of sequence or succession of thought, passing into mere co-ordination (v. C. 2. b, g), then... again... furthermore:

qui mi in cursu obstiterit, faxo vitae is obstiterit suae. Prius edico ne quis, etc. Tum pistores scrofipasci qui, etc. Tum piscatores.... Tum lanii autem qui, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 28; 4, 2, 34; 4, 2, 39: (res familiaris) primum bene parta sit, tum quam plurimis se utilem praebeat, deinde augeatur ratione, diligentia, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Ac. 2, 47, 146; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68 sq.; 5, 40, 117; id. Ac. 2, 10, 30; id. de Or. 1, 42, 190; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; id. Agr. 1, 2, 5; id. Clu. 2, 6; Liv. 3, 26, 11.—

Hence, as co-ordinating conjunction, introducing an additional assertion, or thought.

Alone, = praeterea, and then, besides, also, moreover, on the other hand (freq. in ante-class. style and in Cic.;

rare in Livy and post-Aug. prose): argenti aurique advexit multum, lanam purpuramque multam... tum Babylonica peristromata, etc.,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 10; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 71; 4, 8, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 78; id. Aul. 1, 2, 6; 1, 3, 16; id. Men. 5, 5, 41; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 3; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; 1, 2, 21; 2, 3, 7; id. Eun. prol. 4; 5, 6, 15; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; Lucr. 4, 680; cf. id. 1, 494; 4, 1152:

magnum ingenium L. Luculli, magnumque optimarum artium studium, tum omnis ab eo percepta doctrina... caruit omnino rebus urbanis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 1; 2, 14, 43; id. Div. 1, 24, 50; 1, 42, 94; id. de Or. 1, 46, 201; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fin. 1, 6, 21; 2, 16, 53; id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; 1, 9, 26; id. Rab. Post. 14, 40; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26:

altera ex parte Bellovaci instabant, alteram Camulogenus tenebat: tum legiones a praesidio interclusas maximum flumen distinebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 59; id. B. C. 3, 49: naves convenerunt duae Punicae quinqueremes;

duae ab Heraclea triremes... tum quinque Rhodiae quadriremes,

Liv. 42, 56, 6; 1, 40, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 4; Just. 5, 10, 3.—Sometimes connecting two terms of the same clause, with the force of cum... tum (v. infra, 3. d.):

quot me censes homines jam deverberasse, hospites tum civis?

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14:

faciendum est igitur nobis ut... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus... confirmetur,

Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 28, 43, 1 (in co-ordination often with etiam, autem, and sometimes with praeterea and porro; v. III. infra).—

Tum as correlative of a preceding tum.

With an added assertion or thought: ita est haec hominum natio: voluptarii atque potatores, Tum sycophantae... plurimi In urbe habitant;

tum meretrices mulieres Nusquam perhibentur blandiores gentium,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 100; 3, 1, 102.—

Tum... tum = nunc... nunc (modo... modo), sometimes... sometimes, now... now, at one time... at another (freq. in Cic., not in Caes., rare in Liv., and very rare in postAug. writers):

tum huc, tum illuc inretitos impedit piscis,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17:

tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 134:

mihi... tum hoc tum illud probabilius videtur,

id. Off. 3, 7, 33; so id. Am. 4, 13; id. Sen. 13, 45; id. Top. 7, 31; id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

(alvus) tum restringitur, tum relaxatur,

id. ib. 2, 54, 136; id. Rep. 3, 13 (14), 23; id. Leg. 2, 7, 16; id. Or. 63, 212; id. Sen. 3, 7; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66:

dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites,

Liv. 8, 39, 4; Suet. Ner. 1; Gell. 1, 11, 15.—Tum may be repeated several times:

plerique propter voluptatem tum in morbos graves, tum in damna, tum in dedecora incurrunt,

Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47; 3, 7, 26;

so three times,

id. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 1, 14, 37; 1, 15, 39; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Or. 3, 45, 177; id. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 2, 17, 43; id. Top. 25, 96;

four times,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120; 2, 20, 52; 2, 39, 101; id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75;

five times,

id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; 1, 41, 76; id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94;

six times,

id. ib. 1, 53, 120;

seven times,

Quint. 9, 4, 133;

nine times,

Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 51.—And in chronological order (to be distinguished from the instances B. 2. a and g):

Atheniensium (rem publicam constituerunt) tum Theseus, tum Draco, tum Solo, tum Clisthenes, tum multi alii,

at different times, successively, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 2.—

Preceded or followed by other co-ordinate words (alias, modo, aliquando, aut... aut, nunc... nunc):

ex quo intellegitur qualis ille sit quem tum moderatum, alias modestum, tum temperantem, alias constantem continentemque dicimus,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36:

tum... tum... aliquando,

id. Div. 2, 2, 6:

tum... tum... aut... aut,

id. Or. 61, 204:

modo... tum autem,

id. N. D. 2, 40, 142:

nunc... nunc... tum... tum,

Flor. 1, 17, 5.—

Tum... tum = et... et, both... and, not only... but also, partly... partly, without regard to time, the second term being frequently strengthened by etiam (mostly post-Aug.):

Milo Compsam oppugnans, ictusque lapide tum Clodio, tum patriae, quam armis petebat, poenas dedit,

Vell. 2, 68, 3:

Muciam et Fulviam, tum a patre, tum a viro utramque inclitam,

Val. Max. 9, 1, 8:

Caesar Pompejo tum proprias, tum etiam filiae lacrimas reddidit,

id. 5, 1, 10; Quint. 7, 3, 18; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; id. Clem. 1, 19, 2; Front. Aquaed. 1; Tac. A. 12, 33; Suet. Tit. 3; Nep. praef. 8;

and with etiam,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8; 5, 9, 1; 7, 6 prooem.; Nep. Them. 2, 3.—

As correlative with a preceding cum, introducing particular after a universal or a stronger or more important assertion after a weaker or less important.

Connecting complete sentences with different predicates, cum... tum = as... so, while... (tum being not translated; ante-class. cum always with indic.; class. with subj. or indic.):

quom antehac te amavi, et mihi amicam esse crevi... tum id mihi hodie aperuisti,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 2; id. Truc. 4, 1, 6:

quom id mihi placebat, tum uno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:

quae cum res tota ficta sit pueriliter, tum ne efficit quidem quod vult,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 13; id. Fam. 13, 16, 1; and so with subj., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Brut. 39, 145; 11, 250:

cum omnium rerum simulatio est vitiosa, tum amicitiae repugnat maxime,

id. Lael. 25, 91; id. Div. 2, 27, 58; and so with indic., id. Planc. 33, 80; id. Tull. 4, 8; id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 65; id. Sest. 1, 2; id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:

haec cum merito ejus fieri intellegebat, tum magni interesse arbitrabatur, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 4; 3, 16; id. B. C. 1, 58; Liv. 3, 34, 1; 4, 53, 4.—

Clauses with the same predicate, which is placed after the first clause (always with indic.):

nam mihi, cum multa eximie divineque videntur Athenae tuae peperisse, tum nihil melius illis mysteriis quibus, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42; id. Phil. 2, 5, 12; Liv. 4, 46, 10; 6, 38, 10.—

Clauses with a common predicate placed before both co-ordinate terms, cum... tum = not only, but also; as... so especially:

visa est Arcesilae cum vera sententia, tum honesta et digna sapiente,

Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 77; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; 2, 35, 119; 3, 1, 3:

movit patres conscriptos cum causa tum auctor,

Liv. 9, 10, 1; 4, 57, 2; Suet. Ner. 46 init. —

With a common predicate after both co-ordinate terms:

quom virum tum uxorem, di vos perdant,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 103:

luxuria cum omni aetati turpis tum senectuti foedissima est,

Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Clu. 59, 161; id. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 86; id. N. D. 1, 21, 57; id. Deiot. 9, 26; id. Clu. 16, 46:

concitatos animos flecti quam frangi putabat cum tutius tum facilius esse,

Liv. 2, 23, 15; 6, 9, 8; 1, 57, 1; 10, 26, 13; Tac. Dial. 5.—With tum several times repeated:

quem pater moriens cum tutoribus et propinquis, tum legibus, tum aequitati magistratuum, tum judiciis vestris commendatum putavit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 151; cf. esp. id. Planc. 40, 95. —

Tum, in this construction, is freq. strengthened,

By vero:

cum haec sunt videnda, tum vero illud est hominis magni, etc.,

in particular, Cic. Clu. 58, 159; id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Phil. 3, 5, 12; 7, 3, 9; cf. id. Or. 1, 23, 106; 3, 16, 60; Liv. 34, 39, 9; Quint. 12, 1, 25.—

By maxime, above all, most of all, especially, chiefly:

cum omnibus in rebus temeritas in adsentando turpis est, tum in eo loco maxime in quo ju dicandum est quantum, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; 5, 12, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 69:

cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 56; Sall. J. 43, 5; Liv. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Claud. 30; Quint. 6, 1, 29.—

By praecipue, especially, chiefly, above all:

cum omnium sociorum provinciarumque rationem diligenter habere debetis, tum praecipue Siciliae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2; id. Fam. 13, 11, 3:

fortuna quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus, tum praecipue in bello,

Caes. B. C. 3, 68; Liv. 22, 43, 11; 1, 40, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 13; 5, 10, 106; Plin. Ep. 4, 3, 2.—

By inprimis, chiefly, principally:

cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; id. Fam. 12, 22, 3.—

By cumprimis, chiefly, principally: quapropter bene cum superis de rebus habenda Nobis est ratio... tum cumprimis Unde anima atque animi constet [p. 1910] natura videndum, Lucr. 1, 131.—

By certe, especially, at least, assuredly:

at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis,

Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13; id. Fam. 7, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 1, 10.—

By nimirum, assuredly, undoubtedly:

cum plurimas... commoditates amicitia contineat, tum illa nimirum praestat omnibus quod, etc.,

Cic. Am. 7, 23. —

By etiam, besides, as well:

cum omnes omnibus ex terris homines improbos audacesque collegerat, tum etiam multos fortes viros et bonos... tenebat,

Cic. Cael. 6, 14; id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

quos tu cum memoriter, tum etiam erga nos amice et benevole collegisti,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

cum sua virtute, tum etiam alienis vitiis,

id. Leg. 23, 67; id. Fin. 2, 12, 38; id. N. D. 2, 37, 95; id. de Or. 3, 60, 225; Liv. 1, 21, 2; 7, 23, 6; 7, 32, 10; Val. Max. 7, 2, 3; 3, 2, 10; 9, 6, 3; Quint. 9, 1, 20; 9, 4, 143.—

By quoque, also, besides, as well:

cum potestas major, tum vir quoque potestati par hostes trans Anienem submovere,

Liv. 4, 17, 11; 1, 22, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 72.—

By et, also, besides, too:

cujus mortem cum luctus civitatis, tum et dictaturae undecim insignem fecere,

Just. 19, 1, 7.—

By praeterea, moreover, besides:

dicimus C. Verrem cum multa libidinose fecerit, tum praeterea quadringentiens sestertium ex Sicilia abstulisse,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56.

Tum as correlative of dependent clauses (freq. in ante - class. writings and Cic., rare in post-Aug. writings).

With temporal clauses, introduced by cum, = at the time when, at a time when.

Referring to definite past time.

Tum as antecedent of cum:

jam tum cum primum jussit me ad se arcessier, Roget quis, Quid tibi cum illa?

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:

qui (Hercules) tum dolore frangebatur cum immortalitatem ipsa morte quaerebat,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20:

bene apud majores nostros senatus tum cum florebat imperium decrevit ut, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 41, 91; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; id. Clu. 33, 89; id. Verr. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 2, 7; 23, 89; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 2, 24, 64; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 3, 4, 11:

tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret,

Liv. 45, 3, 7:

tum cum Vipereos sparsi... dentes,

Ov. M. 4, 572; id. H. 3, 23; Val. Max. 6, 1, 12.—After pluperf.:

nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant scimus Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; Val. Max. 3, 6, 1; 2, 8, 15 fin. —Tum inserted in the temporal clause:

cum Davo egomet vidi jurgantem ancillam... quom ibi me adesse neuter tum praesenserat,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 20.—

Tum, introducing the apodosis of the temporal clause (generally not transl. in Engl.).

Of coincident events, cum... tum = while: quom genui tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. Rel. v. 361 Vahl.); Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 18:

cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,

Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Cael. 26, 63; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

cum pavida mulier nullam opem videret, tum Tarquinius fateri amorem, orare, etc.,

Liv. 1, 58, 3; 5, 11, 4. —

Tum = deinde, usu. after a pluperf.:

id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Brut. 92, 319; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; 2, 3, 15; id. Fin. 1, 8, 26; id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; 2, 2, 7; id. Rep. 2, 25, 47; Liv. 21, 11, 8; cf. id. 1, 26, 7; 23, 22, 4.—Inserted in the apodosis:

cum jam humanae opes egestae a Veis essent, amoliri tum deum dona,

Liv. 5, 22, 3.—

Referring to definite present time:

quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis. Cum enim miserum esse dicis, tum eum qui non sit, dicis esse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12.—

Referring to indefinite time.

As antecedent of the clause, = at the time when, at a time when, whenever: hominum inmortalis est infamia;

etiam tum vivit quom esse credas mortuam,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28; id. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7; Cato, R. R. 31:

nec sibi enim quisquam tum se vitamque requirit Cum pariter mens et corpus sopita quiescunt,

Lucr. 3, 919; 4, 444; 4, 455;

4, 1166: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adjungitur,

Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, Ov. H. 5, 109; Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44; 2, 27, 88; id. Fin. 4, 8, 20; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20; 5, 26, 73; id. N. D. 1, 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 27, 93.—Tum maxime... cum plurimum = eo magis quo magis:

eam (partem animi) tum maxime vigere cum plurimum absit a corpore,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; so, cum maxime... tum maxime; v. b. a foll.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

As coincident:

quom amamus, tum perimus,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 94:

ulmus, cum folia cadunt, tum iterum tempestiva est,

Cato, R. R. 17; so id. ib. 155 (156):

cum ea quae quasi involuta fuerunt, aperti sunt, tum inventa dicuntur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; 1, 17, 57; id. N. D. 2, 52, 129; 1, 19, 49; id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15.—Cum maxime... tum maxime = quo magis eo magis:

nam quom pugnabant maxume, ego tum fugiebam maxume,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45:

quamobrem omnes, cum secundae res sunt maxume, tum maxume Meditari secum oportet, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 30 poet. —

As subsequent:

ad legionem quom itum, adminiculum eis danunt tum jam aliquem cognatum suum,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 47:

eo cum accessit ratio argumentique conclusio... tum et perceptio eorum omnium apparet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; 2, 41, 128; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24; 1, 20, 69; 5, 15, 41; id. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 1, 24, 58; 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; id. Div. 2, 19, 44.—

Referring to future time.

Tum as antecedent of cum:

quom mi haec dicentur dicta, tum tu, furcifer, quasi mus in medio pariete vorsabere,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 51; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 20:

non committam ut tum haec res judicetur cum haec frequentia Roma discesserit,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54; id. Agr. 2, 17, 44; 2, 25, 67; id. Fin. 4, 22, 62; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Liv. 23, 13, 4; 41, 10, 7; Ov. M. 2, 651; id. H. 15, 293; Nep. Them. 6, 5.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

quom videbis, tum scies,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; 4, 6, 30:

de quo cum perpauca dixero, tum ad jus civile veniam,

Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Clu. 2, 6; 4, 9; Liv. 3, 56, 10.—

With temporal clause, introduced by ubi.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

vitem novellam resecare tum erit tempus ubi valebit,

Cato, R. R. 33:

tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, ubi erit locata virgo in matrimonium?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Referring to definite past time (tum always = deinde):

ubi eorum dolorem majorem quam ceterorum cognovi, tum meum animum in illos, tum mei consilii causam proposui, tum eos hortatus sum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Sall. J. 94, 3:

ubi illuxit, et Romanis Punica et Gallica arma cognita, tum dubitationem exemere,

Liv. 25, 10, 5; 1, 9, 10; 4, 57, 3; 9, 43, 16; 21, 25, 12; 23, 11, 4.—

Referring to indefinite time:

post ubi tempust promissa jam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: Cato, R. R. 3 init.; 17:

ubi jam morbi se flexit causa... Tum quasi vaccillans primum consurgit,

Lucr. 3, 503; 6, 129; 6, 526.—

Referring to future time:

otium ubi erit, tum tibi operam ludo et deliciae dabo,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Stich. 4, 2, 14:

ubi tu voles, Ubi tempus erit, sat habet si tum recipitur,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 32; Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 18; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 72; id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 3, 2, 27:

ut ubi id interrogando argumentis firmavero, tum testes ad crimen accommodem,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:

ubi haerere jam aciem videris, tum terrorem equestrem infer,

Liv. 6, 12, 10; 22, 55, 8.—

With a temporal clause introduced by postquam.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

Flaminius qui ne quieto quidem hoste ipse quieturus erat, tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc.,

Liv. 22, 3, 7; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 (v. infra, III. A. 2. a. b).—

Tum introducing the apodosis (always = deinde).

Referring to definite past time:

posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40 (al. tunc):

postquam satis virium collectum videbat, tum ex suis unum sciscitatum Romam ad patrem misit,

Liv. 1, 54, 5; 3, 66, 5; 6, 13, 4; 22, 48, 4; 25, 10, 6; Gell. 5, 3, 6.—

Referring to indefinite time: postquam vero commoditas quaedam... dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitia pervertere urbes adsuevit, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 3.—

With a temporal clause introduced by ut.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

tum vero ingentem gemitum dat Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici... conspexit,

Verg. A. 1, 485; cf. id. ib. 12, 218.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Of definite past time:

nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum... tum mi, puto, prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46:

sed ut intellectum est quantam vim haberet accurata... oratio, tum etiam magistri dicendi multi subito exstiterunt,

Cic. Brut. 8, 30; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Liv. 24, 44, 10; id. 21, 54, 9; 23, 34, 6.—

Referring to future time:

neque ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 146:

traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum, si eam Romanus rite emisisset, victoriam de Vejentibus dari (= si quando),

Liv. 5, 15, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.—

With a temporal clause introduced by quando.

Tum as antecedent of the clause.

Of definite past time:

auctoritatem senatus exstare sentio, tum, quando Alexandro mortuo, legatos Tyrum misimus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41.—

Of future time:

at scire tum memento quando id quod voles habebis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 41; id. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Most. 3, 1, 136; id. Men. 5, 7, 57:

utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Of indefinite time (quando = whenever):

quando esurio tum crepant (intestina),

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; id. Ps. 4, 7, 85:

quando mulier dotem marito dabat, tum quae ex suis bonis retinebat reciperare dicebatur,

Gell. 17, 6, 6; 7 (6), 14, 4.—

Of future time:

at tu, quando habebis, tum dato,

Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 23:

quando ab eadem parte sol eodemque tempore iterum defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad principium revocatis, expletum annum habeto,

Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

quando mihi usus venerit, tum quaeram ex te atque discam,

Gell. 6 (7), 17, 4.—

In the apodosis after simul ac:

an simul ac nubes successere, ipse in eas tum Descendit (Juppiter), prope ut hinc teli determinet ictus?

Lucr. 6, 402.—

With a temporal clause introduced by dum.

Tum as antecedent:

sanctius visum est nomen Augusti, ut scilicet jam tum dum colit terras, ipso numine ac titulo consecretur,

Flor. 2, 33, 66 (4, 12, 66).—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

dum habeat, tum amet,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23:

dum se glomerant... tum pondere turris Procubuit,

Verg. A. 9, 540.—

As antecedent of quamdiu:

qui cum tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quamdiu tecum in provincia fuerit, verum etiam nunc sit cum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58.—

Denoting a logical consequence after quando and cum:

quando ergo erga te benignus fui... tum te mihi benigne itidem addecet... referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 35:

cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo nefarius in eorum locum... substituere coepit cives Romanos,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72.—

After relative clauses denoting time: qua tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis junxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis jam fere ad pariendum mensibus, Poet. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 219 (Trag. Rel. p. 246 Rib.).—

With conditional clauses.

With a conditional clause introduced by si, sin, ni (not nisi).

Tum as antecedent of clause:

tum pol ego interii, homo si ille abiit,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 6; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 40:

si tenuis causa est, tum etiam argumentandi tenue filum,

Cic. Or. 36, 124; id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; 2, 9, 15; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 13; id. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:

tum vero ego nequiquam Capitolium servaverim si civem in servitutem duci videam,

Liv. 6, 14, 4; 3, 9, 11; 6, 14, 4; 7, 34, 14; Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14; Gell. 2, 12, 1 sq.; 4, 13, 1; 14, 2, 21.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

si triduum hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Rud. 5, 2, 59; 3, 4, 49; id. As. 1, 3, 89; id. Rud. 1, 3, 13; id. Ps. 4, 1, 1; 4, 1, 48 (39); Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64; 3, 1, 17; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 19; Cato, R. R. 26; cf. id. ib. 27:

quod si, ut spero, cepero, tum vero litteras publice mittam,

Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf. id. Ac. 2, 10, 32; id. Fin. 2, 4, 79; id. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: id. [p. 1911] Rosc. Am. 49, 142:

si dimicandum erit, tum tu in novissimos te recipito,

Liv. 7, 40, 13; 8, 10, 12; Hor. S. 1, 2, 97; Ov. M. 7, 32.—

Esp., denoting the consequences of perjury in ancient formulas of oaths: si ego injuste illos homines dedier mihi exposco, tum patriae compotem me numquam siris esse,

Liv. 1, 32, 7; 1, 24, 8; 22, 53, 11; hence, quid si falles? Me. Tum Mercurius Sosiae iratus siet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 239; 3, 2, 52; id. Aul. 4, 10, 50; cf. also Liv. 3, 64, 10.—

With a condition contrary to fact.

Tum, antecedent of clause:

tum esset ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,

Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:

tum id audirem si tibi soli viveres,

id. Marcell. 8, 25; id. Fin. 4, 13, 33; id. Div. 2, 35, 73.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 56:

quodsi omnia nobis quae ad victum pertinent. suppeditarentur, tum optimo quisque ingenio, totum se in cognitione et scientia collocaret,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 158. —

After an abl. absol.

With perfect participles (= postquam or cum... tum), mostly with denique, vero, demum.

Referring to definite past time:

ut morte ejus nuntiata tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur,

Cic. Mur. 16, 34:

sed confecto proelio tum vero cerneres quanta vis animi fuisset in exercitu Catilinae,

Sall. C. 61, 1:

ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello deque republica dictator rettulit,

Liv. 22, 11, 1; 2, 29, 1; 2, 29, 3; 3, 56, 1; 5, 50, 8; Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68.—

Referring to indefinite time:

hisce omnibus rebus consideratis, tum denique id quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,

Cic. Or. 2, 77, 315.—

Referring to future time (the abl. absol. = a fut. perf.):

ita prope XL. diebus interpositis tum denique se responsuros esse arbitrantur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31; 1, 18, 54; id. Fin. 4, 13, 32; id. Scaur. Fragm. 10, 22.—

With pres. participles (post-class.):

tacentibus cunctis, tum ipse (dixit), etc.,

Just. 12, 15, 6.

Particular connections.

With other particles of time.

Jam tum, already at that time, i. e. earlier than might be anticipated:

jam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 58; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 34:

quippe etenim jam tum divom mortalia saecla Egregias animo facies vigilante videbant,

Lucr. 5, 1169; 5, 1037:

ut mihi jam tum divinasse ille (Romulus) videatur hanc urbem sedem aliquando summo esse imperio praebituram,

Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; 2, 7, 12; id. Div. 2, 57, 118; id. Tusc. 4, 2, 4:

jam tum in Palatio monte Lupercal hoc fuisse ludicrum ferunt,

Liv. 1, 5, 1; 1, 7, 16; 1, 41, 7; 10, 21, 14;

24, 49, 1: ut jam tum qualis futurus esset ostenderet,

Suet. Dom. 1; Curt. 4, 6, 29.—

Tum demum and tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, i. e. later than might be expected, implying delayed action.

Tum demum.

In gen.:

adversisque in rebus noscere qui sit. Nam verae voces tum demum pectore ab imo Eiciuntur,

Lucr. 3, 58:

tum demum Liscus, oratione Caesaris adductus, quod antea tacuerat proponit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 5, 33; Sall. J. 46, 1:

nec ante in campum degressi sunt quam, etc. Tum demum castra Etruscorum pro moenibus Fidenarum posita,

Liv. 4, 17, 12; 45, 12, 6; 2, 20, 11; 5, 39, 2; 23, 19, 15 et saep.; Val. Max. 1, 6, 10; 1, 7, 4; Curt. 3, 12, 12; Tac. A. 3, 18; 3, 47.—

In partic., referring to clauses introduced by cum, ubi, si, or abl. absol. (v. II. A. B. L. M.), denoting absolute restriction to the terms of the clause:

imo etiam ubi expolivero, magis hoc tum demum dices,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 60:

tum demum mihi procax Academia videbitur si aut consenserint omnes, aut, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 13:

cum is Casilini eo die mansurum dixisset, tum demum cognitus est error,

Liv. 22, 13, 8; Vell. 2, 115, 4; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 fin.; 7, 2, 4; Curt. 3, 11, 6; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7.—

Sometimes = nunc demum (anteclass.): victus es, Chaline. St. Tum nos demum vivere. Olympio. Gaudeo, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 65.—

Tum denique.

In gen.:

tum denique tauros in gregem redigo,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5:

injecta glaeba tumulus is (locus) ubi humatus est vocatur, ac tum denique multa religiosa jura complectitur,

Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 76; id. Tusc. 3, 26, 61: nequiquam temptati ut tum denique desisterent impediendo bello, Liv. 4, 55, 5; Ov. M. 4, 519; 7, 857; 10, 664.—

Referring to clauses with cum, etc. (v. II. A. B. L. M.):

tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona quom quae in potestate habuimus ea amisimus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 3, 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 4, 10; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so,

tum denique si,

id. Fam. 14, 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:

indicandum primum fuisse, dein petendum praesidium, postremo ni impetraretur, tum denique querendum,

Liv. 23, 43, 2; Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126 (for tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9, v. II. D. 2. a).—