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  • 81 '4. Сложные слова

    1. Слова, образованные на уровне словосочетания (некоторые из них авторские, т. е. впервые в статьях, романах). Модель: a go-go – дискотека.
    across-the-board-agreement – всеобъемлющее соглашение
    all-or-none – категоричный
    all-time-favourite – длительно популярный
    also-ran – проигравший (участник соревнования)
    any-old-how – любым способом
    (an) anything-goes-attitude (approach) – нетребовательность, неразборчивость
    apple-pie-virtues – традиционные американские добродетели
    (a) Battle-of-Britain-pilot – летчик, участвовавший в боях за Британию во II мировой войне
    be-all, (and) end-all – наваждение
    bright-eyed and bushy-tailed – живой, готовый к действию, подвижный (как белка)
    coffee-table-book – подарочное издание
    doc(s)-in-a-box – медпункт при торговом центре
    do-or-die – стараться изо всех сил
    do-re-mi (do-re-me) – деньги
    do's and don't's – правила (ср. рус. «... льзя и нельзя»)
    (the) drink-drive-breath-test – проверка дыхания на алкоголь для допуска к вождению машины
    (the) eat-and-thrust side (of the Parliamentary debate) – опыт (парламентских дебатов), предполагающий умение «пожирать противника» и наносить удары
    edge-of-the-chair-suspense – нетерпение читателя, читающего приключенческий роман (novel of suspense), узнать о развитии событий
    go-getting – уверенный в победе
    go-no-go – нерешительный
    (a) gone-to-ruin (farmhouse) – развалившийся, запущенный (фермерский дом)
    high-rise-flat – квартира в высотном доме
    home-beautifuls – домашний наряд (халат и туфли)
    kiss-and-tell – мемуары о частной жизни
    least-worst – выбираемый как наименьшее зло
    loadsamoney – огромное, бросающееся в глаза богатство
    meat-and-potatoes – самое важное
    (a) must-see-film – фильм, который обязательно надо посмотреть
    nickel-in-the-slot-machine – торговый автомат
    once-over-lightly – работа «спустя рукава», беглое ознакомление
    over-the-toppery – броскость в одежде и поведении
    pay-your-way – хозрасчетный
    peace-and-order officers – блюстители порядка
    broam-a-phone – портативный телефон
    small-tooth-comb – тщательное расследование, «прочесывание»
    stick-to-it-ive – настойчивый, неотвязный
    warts-and-all – приемлемо, несмотря на все недостатки
    with-it – современный
    wrongo – неприемлемый, нежелательный; человек из преступного мира
    2. Слова, образованные на уровне предложения (часто авторские или сленговые). Модель: do-it-yourself-er – 'умелец' (сделай сам).
    don't-call-us-we'll-call-you manner – обращение к претенденту на вакантную должность в конце интервью с работодателем (не звоните, вам позвонят)
    hug-me-tight – плотно прилегающая шерстяная кофточка
    Johnny-be-good – полицейский, блюститель закона
    Johnnie-come-lately – недавно поступивший на работу сотрудник
    (a kind of) know-it-all snicker – насмешливое хихиканье всё знающего человека
    (the) papa-knows-best-in-all-matters theory – теория о том, что отец лучше всех во всем разбирается
    wannabee (want to be) – желающий походить на своего кумира
    whatsis (what's his name) – как его там (как его зовут)
    whatsisface – как там его
    whatchamacallit – как мне это (его) называть
    whereitat – центр деятельности, самое главное место
    whodunit (who has done it) – детективный роман

    English-Russian word-building patterns > '4. Сложные слова

  • 82 '4. Сложные слова

    1. Слова, образованные на уровне словосочетания (некоторые из них авторские, т. е. впервые в статьях, романах). Модель: a go-go – дискотека.
    across-the-board-agreement – всеобъемлющее соглашение
    all-or-none – категоричный
    all-time-favourite – длительно популярный
    also-ran – проигравший (участник соревнования)
    any-old-how – любым способом
    (an) anything-goes-attitude (approach) – нетребовательность, неразборчивость
    apple-pie-virtues – традиционные американские добродетели
    (a) Battle-of-Britain-pilot – летчик, участвовавший в боях за Британию во II мировой войне
    be-all, (and) end-all – наваждение
    bright-eyed and bushy-tailed – живой, готовый к действию, подвижный (как белка)
    coffee-table-book – подарочное издание
    doc(s)-in-a-box – медпункт при торговом центре
    do-or-die – стараться изо всех сил
    do-re-mi (do-re-me) – деньги
    do's and don't's – правила (ср. рус. «... льзя и нельзя»)
    (the) drink-drive-breath-test – проверка дыхания на алкоголь для допуска к вождению машины
    (the) eat-and-thrust side (of the Parliamentary debate) – опыт (парламентских дебатов), предполагающий умение «пожирать противника» и наносить удары
    edge-of-the-chair-suspense – нетерпение читателя, читающего приключенческий роман (novel of suspense), узнать о развитии событий
    go-getting – уверенный в победе
    go-no-go – нерешительный
    (a) gone-to-ruin (farmhouse) – развалившийся, запущенный (фермерский дом)
    high-rise-flat – квартира в высотном доме
    home-beautifuls – домашний наряд (халат и туфли)
    kiss-and-tell – мемуары о частной жизни
    least-worst – выбираемый как наименьшее зло
    loadsamoney – огромное, бросающееся в глаза богатство
    meat-and-potatoes – самое важное
    (a) must-see-film – фильм, который обязательно надо посмотреть
    nickel-in-the-slot-machine – торговый автомат
    once-over-lightly – работа «спустя рукава», беглое ознакомление
    over-the-toppery – броскость в одежде и поведении
    pay-your-way – хозрасчетный
    peace-and-order officers – блюстители порядка
    broam-a-phone – портативный телефон
    small-tooth-comb – тщательное расследование, «прочесывание»
    stick-to-it-ive – настойчивый, неотвязный
    warts-and-all – приемлемо, несмотря на все недостатки
    with-it – современный
    wrongo – неприемлемый, нежелательный; человек из преступного мира
    2. Слова, образованные на уровне предложения (часто авторские или сленговые). Модель: do-it-yourself-er – 'умелец' (сделай сам).
    don't-call-us-we'll-call-you manner – обращение к претенденту на вакантную должность в конце интервью с работодателем (не звоните, вам позвонят)
    hug-me-tight – плотно прилегающая шерстяная кофточка
    Johnny-be-good – полицейский, блюститель закона
    Johnnie-come-lately – недавно поступивший на работу сотрудник
    (a kind of) know-it-all snicker – насмешливое хихиканье всё знающего человека
    (the) papa-knows-best-in-all-matters theory – теория о том, что отец лучше всех во всем разбирается
    wannabee (want to be) – желающий походить на своего кумира
    whatsis (what's his name) – как его там (как его зовут)
    whatsisface – как там его
    whatchamacallit – как мне это (его) называть
    whereitat – центр деятельности, самое главное место
    whodunit (who has done it) – детективный роман

    English-Russian word-building patterns > '4. Сложные слова

  • 83 Article 125

    1. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation consists of 19 judges.
    2. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation upon requests of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, one fifth of the members of the Council of the Federation or of the deputies of the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, the bodies of legislative and executive power of the subjects of the Russian Federation shall consider cases on the correspondence to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of:
    a) the federal laws, normative acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation;
    b) the constitutions of republics, charters, and also the laws and other normative acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation adopted on the issues under the jurisdiction of the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation or under the joint jurisdiction of the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation; c) the treaties concluded between the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the treaties concluded between the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation; d) international treaties and agreements of the Russian Federation which have not come into force.
    3. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation shall resolve disputes on jurisdiction matters:
    a) between the federal bodies of state authority;
    b) between the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation; c) between the higher bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
    4. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation, upon complaints about violations of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens and upon court requests shall check, according to the rules fixed by the federal law, the constitutional of a law applied or subject to be applied in a concrete case.
    5. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation, upon the requests of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the bodies of the legislative power of the subjects of the Russian Federation, shall give its interpretation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. 6. Acts or their certain provisions recognized as unconstitutional shall become invalid; international treaties and agreements not corresponding to the Constitution of the Russian Federation shall not be liable for enforcement and application. 7. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation, upon the request of the Council of the Federation, shall provide a conclusion on the observance of the fixed procedure for advancing charges of treason or of another grave crime against the President of the Russian Federation. __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 125[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 125[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 125[/ref]>

    The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 125

  • 84 know which side one's bread is buttered

    (know (или see) (on) which side one's bread is buttered (тж. know или see which side one's bread is buttered on))
    "знать, с какой стороны хлеб намазан маслом", понимать свою выгоду, не упускать своего; быть себе на уме, знать, что к чему

    Bosinney looked clever, but he had also - and it was one of his great attractions - an air as if he did not quite know on which side his bread were buttered; he should be easy to deal with in money matters. (J. Galsworthy, ‘The Man of Property’, part I, ch. IV) — Босини на вид очень толковый малый, но, помимо всего прочего, у него есть особенность - чрезвычайно привлекательная: внешность его говорит о том, что в деловом отношении он несомненный простачок, - денежный вопрос с ним будет нетрудно уладить.

    The judges of the lower and superior courts know on which side their bread was buttered. They would strain a point in favor of the highest political opinion of the day... (Th. Dreiser, ‘The Financier’, ch. XXXVII) — Судьи всех инстанций не забывают своих интересов. Они немного по-иному осветят дело в угоду тем, кто в данный момент стоит у власти...

    ‘Sure, you're a fool,’ she said slowly, getting up. ‘You're that perfect you can't see what side your bread's buttered on.’ (A. J. Cronin, ‘Three Loves’, book II, ch. 7) — - Вы же дура, - сказала Полли, медленно поднимаясь. - Вы такая безнадежная дура, что даже не понимаете своей выгоды.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > know which side one's bread is buttered

  • 85 put the cart before the horse

    "ставить телегу перед лошадью"; делать шиворот-навыворот; ставить с ног на голову

    But when these factors are declared to be the explanation of Indian poverty then the cart is put before the horse. (R. P. Dutt, ‘India Today’, ch. III) — Утверждать, что бедность в Индии можно объяснить этими факторами, - значит принимать следствие за причину.

    Matters were made worse because what Rick was trying to do was to put the cart before the horse... Rickover could not wait for the AEC's horse to be born, so he jumped directly to the Navy's cart. In the process Rick also jumped from captain to admiral... (R. E. Lapp, ‘Atoms and People’, ch. XI) — Положение осложнилось еще тем, что Рик пытался "поставить телегу перед лошадью"... Риковеру было некогда ждать, пока лошадь комиссии по атомной энергии появится на свет; поэтому он сразу же вскочил на телегу военно-морского флота. При этом сам Рик выскочил из капитанов в адмиралы...

    To learn to dive before learning to swim well seems to me to be putting the cart before the horse. (HAI) — Тот, кто пытается нырять, не научившись хорошо плавать, поступает, как мне кажется, вопреки здравому смыслу.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > put the cart before the horse

  • 86 the broad arrow

    английское правительственное клеймо (в виде стрелы с широким наконечником; ставится на правительственных складах и т. п.; первонач. ставилось на одежде арестантов)

    Remarkable man that grandfather of Ernie's. His father wore the Broad Arrow. Not that that matters. (D. Cusack, ‘Picnic Races’, ch. 23) — Удивительный человек этот Эрнин дедушка. Его отец был каторжанином. Но это, разумеется, не имеет никакого значения.

    ...the broad arrow has been used in Convict Prisons... for more than 80 years and was also used in Australia. (OED) —...клеймо в виде стрелы с широким наконечником применяется в тюрьмах уже 80 лет. Его используют и в Австралии.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > the broad arrow

  • 87 Coal Tar Colours

    A large class of colouring matters obtained from aniline, naphthalene, phenol, and other distillates of coal tar. Also known as aniline dyes since aniline was the first to be discovered.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Coal Tar Colours

  • 88 Extract Styles

    A system of cloth printing in which mordants and colouring matters are mixed together and printed on the cloth. The colour is developed afterwards by steaming. This is a popular method of printing and fairly simple, as the developing of the colour is done by the action of the hot moist vapour in the steaming apparatus. The system is also termed " Steam styles."

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Extract Styles

  • 89 Cortes

       Under the Portuguese monarchy, an assembly of the three estates (clergy, nobility, commoners) of the kingdom. While historians debate its historical origins, its earliest form as an assembly that was more than a royal council was present before 1211. At first only clerical and noble groups were represented, and later representatives from the towns. Its business was to discuss fiscal matters (taxes), and it was convened by the Portuguese monarch. The Cortes's powers and functions varied, but its golden age of prestige coincided with the 14th and 15th centuries. As the monarchy acquired more independent wealth from the overseas expansion and empire, it depended less on the Cortes for revenue. Under King João III, as the monarchy garnered greater power and control, the Cortes was seldom consulted, and the king was asked to call the Cortes to meet at least every 10 years. While it met during the 17th century, it did not meet at all during the reigns of the absolutist kings João V (1689-1750) and José I (1750-77). The last Cortes met in 1828, in order to acclaim King Miguel I (1828-64) as an absolutist monarch. Later, under the subsequent constitutional monarchy (1834-1910), the Cortes came to be elective and was given different names: Congress, National Assembly, Assembly of the Republic.
        See also Filipe I, king; Legislatures.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Cortes

  • 90 Education

       In Portugal's early history, education was firmly under the control of the Catholic Church. The earliest schools were located in cathedrals and monasteries and taught a small number of individuals destined for ecclesiastical office. In 1290, a university was established by King Dinis (1261-1325) in Lisbon, but was moved to Coimbra in 1308, where it remained. Coimbra University, Portugal's oldest, and once its most prestigious, was the educational cradle of Portugal's leadership. From 1555 until the 18th century, primary and secondary education was provided by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). The Catholic Church's educational monopoly was broken when the Marquis of Pombal expelled the Jesuits in 1759 and created the basis for Portugal's present system of public, secular primary and secondary schools. Pombal introduced vocational training, created hundreds of teaching posts, added departments of mathematics and natural sciences at Coimbra University, and established an education tax to pay for them.
       During the 19th century, liberals attempted to reform Portugal's educational system, which was highly elitist and emphasized rote memorization and respect for authority, hierarchy, and discipline.
       Reforms initiated in 1822, 1835, and 1844 were never actualized, however, and education remained unchanged until the early 20th century. After the overthrow of the monarchy on the Fifth of October 1910 by Republican military officers, efforts to reform Portugal's educational system were renewed. New universities were founded in Lisbon and Oporto, a Ministry of Education was established, and efforts were made to increase literacy (illiteracy rates being 80 percent) and to resecularize educational content by introducing more scientific and empirical methods into the curriculum.
       Such efforts were ended during the military dictatorship (192632), which governed Portugal until the establishment of the Estado Novo (1926-74). Although a new technical university was founded in Lisbon in 1930, little was done during the Estado Novo to modernize education or to reduce illiteracy. Only in 1964 was compulsory primary education made available for children between the ages of 6 and 12.
       The Revolution of 25 April 1974 disrupted Portugal's educational system. For a period of time after the Revolution, students, faculty, and administrators became highly politicized as socialists, communists, and other groups attempted to gain control of the schools. During the 1980s, as Portuguese politics moderated, the educational system was gradually depoliticized, greater emphasis was placed on learning, and efforts were made to improve the quality of Portuguese schools.
       Primary education in Portugal consists of four years in the primary (first) cycle and two years in the preparatory, or second, cycle. The preparatory cycle is intended for children going on to secondary education. Secondary education is roughly equivalent to junior and senior high schools in the United States. It consists of three years of a common curriculum and two years of complementary courses (10th and 11th grades). A final year (12th grade) prepares students to take university entrance examinations.
       Vocational education was introduced in 1983. It consists of a three-year course in a particular skill after the 11th grade of secondary school.
       Higher education is provided by the four older universities (Lisbon, Coimbra, Oporto, and the Technical University of Lisbon), as well as by six newer universities, one in Lisbon and the others in Minho, Aveiro, Évora, the Algarve, and the Azores. There is also a private Catholic university in Lisbon. Admission to Portuguese universities is highly competitive, and places are limited. About 10 percent of secondary students go on to university education. The average length of study at the university is five years, after which students receive their licentiate. The professoriate has four ranks (professors, associate professors, lecturers, and assistants). Professors have tenure, while the other ranks teach on contract.
       As Portugal is a unitary state, the educational system is highly centralized. All public primary and secondary schools, universities, and educational institutes are under the purview of the Ministry of Education, and all teachers and professors are included in the civil service and receive pay and pension like other civil servants. The Ministry of Education hires teachers, determines curriculum, sets policy, and pays for the building and upkeep of schools. Local communities have little say in educational matters.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Education

  • 91 Judicial and Legal System

       The 1976 Constitution and 1982 revisions provide for three fundamental courts, each with different functions, as well as other special courts, including a military court. The three principal courts are the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court of Justice, and Supreme Court of Administration. The Constitutional Court determines whether legislative acts (laws) are legal and constitutional. In addition, it ascertains the physical ability of the president of the Republic to perform duties of office, as well as to determine the constitutionality of international agreements. Ten of this court's members are selected by the Assembly of the Republic.
       The Supreme Court of Justice, the highest court of law, heads the court system and tries civil and criminal cases. It includes first courts to try cases and courts of appeal. The Supreme Court of Administration examines the administrative and fiscal conduct of government institutions. All matters concerning judges, including the power to discipline judges whose conduct does not comply with the law, are overseen by the Higher Council of the Bench and the Superior Council of the Administrative and Fiscal Courts. There is also an Ombudsman, elected for a four-year term by the Assembly of the Republic, who serves as chief civil and human rights officer of the country. This officer receives 3,000-4,000 complaints a year from citizens who dispute acts of the judicial and legal system.
       Portugal's system of laws is based on Roman civil law and has been shaped by the French legal system. Unlike common law in the American and British legal systems, Portugal's system of laws is based on a complete body of law so that judicial reason is deductive. Legal precedent, then, has little influence. Portuguese judges are viewed as civil servants simply applying the law from codes, not as a judiciary who interpret law. While the post-1974 judicial and legal system is freer and fairer than that under the Estado Novo dictatorship, it has received criticism on the grounds of being very slow, cumbersome, overburdened with cases, and sometimes corrupt. There has been a backlog of untried cases and long delays before trial because of vacant judgeships and inefficient operations.
       Under Portuguese criminal law, preventive detention for a maximum of four months is legal. Much longer preventive detention terms occur due to the trial backlog. Memories persist of legal abuses under the Estado Novo system, when suspects convicted of crimes against the state could be detained legally for periods of from six months to three years. Media sensationalism and the cited problems of the judicial system exacerbated tensions in recent high-profile trials, including the 2004-05 trial of a child prostitution and pedophile ring, tried in Lisbon, with suspects including a celebrated television personality and a former diplomat.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Judicial and Legal System

  • 92 Embrace

    v. trans.
    P. and V. ἀσπάζεσθαι, V. περιπτύσσειν (Plat. also but rare P.), προσπτύσσειν (or mid.), ἀμφιβάλλειν, περιβάλλειν, ἀμπίσχειν, Ar. and P. περιλαμβάνειν.
    Cling to: P. and V. ἔχεσθαι (gen.), ἀντέχεσθαι (gen.), λαμβάνεσθαι (gen.), ἀντιλαμβάνεσθαι (gen.).
    Clasp in one's arms: V. ὑπαγκαλίζεσθαι.
    met., embrace (opportunity, etc.): P. and V. λαμβάνειν.
    Embrace ( the cause of some one): P. and V. φρονεῖν τά (τινος).
    Practise: see Practise.
    Include: P. and V. ἔχειν, συλλαμβάνειν, P. περιέχειν, περιλαμβάνειν; see Include.
    So they embraced all these matters in one decree: P. διόπερ ἅπαντα ταῦτα εἰς ἓν ψήφισμα συνεσκεύεσαν (Dem. 358).
    ——————
    subs.
    V. ἀσπάσματα, τά, ἀμφιπτυχαί, αἱ, περιπτυχαί, αἱ, P. and V. περιβολαί, αἱ (Xen.).
    O sweet embrace: V. ὦ γλυκεῖα προσβολή (Eur., Med. 1074).
    Lying in each other's embrace: V. ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἀμφικείμενοι (Soph., O.C. 1620).

    Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Embrace

  • 93 Settle

    v. trans.
    Establish: P. and V. καθιστάναι, ἱστάναι; see Establish.
    Plant, make to dwell: P. and V. οἰκίζειν, ἱδρύειν, καθιδρύειν, κατοικίζειν.
    Settle ( a person) in a place: P. and V. ἐγκαθιστάναι (τινά τινι).
    Settle (colonies, etc.): P. and V. κατοικίζειν, οἰκίζειν, κτίζειν; see Found.
    Confirm: P. and V. κυροῦν. ἐπικυροῦν, P. and V. βεβαιοῦν; see Confirm.
    Bring to an end: P. and V. παύειν, περαίνειν; see End.
    Decide determine: P. and V. διαγιγνώσκειν; see Decide.
    Settle ( differences): P. and V. εὖ or καλῶς τιθέναι (or mid.), P. λύεσθαι, κατατίθεσθαι, διαλύεσθαι, Ar. and P. καταλύεσθαι.
    Settle ( matters) to one's liking: V. τιθέναι κατὰ γνώμην (Eur., And. 737).
    Put in order: Ar. and P. διατιθέναι, P. διακοσμεῖν.
    Reduce to order by force of arms: P. and V. κάταστρέφεσθαι.
    Settle ( an account), pay: P. διαλύειν.
    V. intrans. Become settled: Ar. and P. καθίστασθαι.
    Establish oneself: P. and V. ἱδρύεσθαι, κατοικίζεσθαι, καθιδρύεσθαι; see Dwell.
    Settle in a place: P. ἐνοικίζεσθαι (mid.) (absol.).
    The disease settled on the stomach: P. ἡ νόσος εἰς τὴν καρδίαν ἐστήριξε (Thuc. 2, 49).
    The poison of hatred settling on the heart: V. δυσφρὼν ἰὸς καρδίαν προσήμενος (Æsch., Ag. 834). Of a bird or insect, etc.: P. ἵζειν, Ar. and V. ἕζεσθαι. Settle on. P. ἐνίζειν (dat.), V. προσιζάνειν (πρός, acc.), προσίζειν (dat.), Ar. ἐφέζεσθαι (dat.).
    Sink to the bottom, subside: P. ἱζάνειν, ἵζεσθαι.
    met., come to an agreement: P. and V. συμβαίνειν, συντίθεσθαι.
    It is settled: V. ἄραρε.
    I have settled, resolved: P. and V. δοκεῖ μοι, δέδοκταί μοι.
    Settle down: use settle.
    Grow calm: P. and V. ἡσυχάζειν.
    Greece was still subject to migrations and colonisations so that it was unable to settle down and increase: P. ἡ Ἑλλὰς ἔτι μετανίστατό τε καὶ κατῳκίζετο ὥστε μὴ ἡσυχάσασα αὐξηθῆναι (Thuc. 1, 12).
    They settled down to a state of war: P. καταστάντες ἐπολέμουν (Thuc. 2, 1).
    Settle on: see under Settle.
    Agree upon: P. and V. συντίθεσθαι (acc.).
    Settle with, agree with: P. and V. συντίθεσθαι (dat.).
    Pay off: P. διαλύειν (acc.) (Dem. 866).
    It is natural to suppose that he settled with Aphobus in the presence of these same witnesses: P. εἰκὸς... τοῦτον... τῶν αὐτῶν τούτων παρόντων διαλύσασθαι πρὸς Ἄφοβον (Dem. 869, cf. also 987).

    Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Settle

  • 94 help

    A n
    1 ( assistance) aide f ; ( in an emergency) secours m ; to need some help with the cooking/gardening avoir besoin d'aide pour faire la cuisine/le jardin ; with the help of à l'aide de [stick, knife] ; avec l'aide de [person] ; can I be of help (to you)? puis-je faire quelque chose pour vous? ; to be of help to sb [person] rendre service à qn ; [information, map] être utile à qn ; the information was of little help to us l'information ne nous a pas été d'un grand secours or ne nous a pas été très utile ; she was a great help to us elle nous a beaucoup aidés, elle nous a été d'un grand secours ; you're a great help! iron tu es vraiment d'un grand secours! ; to come to sb's help venir au secours de qn, venir en aide à qn ; to go to sb's help aller au secours de qn, prêter secours or assistance à qn ; to cry ou shout for help appeler à l'aide or au secours ; he is beyond help, he is past (all) help on ne peut plus rien pour lui ; it's a help if you can speak the language ça aide de parler la langue ; a degree would be a help un diplôme aiderait bien ; the tablets were no help les comprimés n'ont pas servi à grand-chose ; there's no help for it il n'y a rien à faire ; she needs (professional) help gen elle devrait consulter un professionnel ; ( from psychiatrist) elle devrait voir un psychiatre ;
    2 ( also daily help) ( cleaning woman) femme f de ménage ;
    3 ¢ ( staff) domestiques mpl ; ( on farm) ouvriers mpl agricoles ; they need extra help in the bar ils ont besoin d'aide supplémentaire au bar.
    B excl au secours! ; help! I've got nothing to wear for tonight! hum mince alors ○ ! je n'ai rien à mettre pour ce soir!
    C vtr
    1 ( assist) aider (to do à faire) ; ( more urgently) secourir ; we got the children to help us nous nous sommes fait aider par les enfants ; we must all help each other nous devons tous nous entraider or nous aider les uns les autres ; she helped them with the decorations elle les a aidés pour les décorations ; can you help me with this sack please? est-ce que tu peux m'aider à porter ce sac s'il te plaît? ; can I help you? ( in shop) vous désirez? ; ( on phone) j'écoute ; ( at reception desk) je peux vous aider? ; to help sb across/down/out aider qn à traverser/ descendre/sortir ; I helped him to his feet je l'ai aidé à se lever ; to help sb on/off with aider qn à mettre/enlever [garment, boot] ; she helped him through some difficult times elle l'a aidé à traverser des moments difficiles ;
    2 ( improve) améliorer [situation, problem] ; he didn't help matters by writing that letter il n'a rien arrangé en écrivant cette lettre ; getting drenched didn't help my cold le fait de me faire tremper jusqu'aux os n'a pas arrangé mon rhume ;
    3 ( contribute) to help to do contribuer à faire ; her article helped (to) increase public awareness of the problem son article a contribué à sensibiliser le public à ce problème ; the injection should help (to) ease the pain la piqûre devrait soulager la douleur ; these flowers will help (to) brighten the room ces fleurs devraient égayer la pièce ; this policy helps (to) keep prices down cette politique favorise la baisse des prix ;
    4 ( serve) to help sb to offrir [qch] à qn [food, wine] ;
    5 ( prevent) it can't be helped! on n'y peut rien!, tant pis! ; she can't help the way she was brought up elle ne peut rien changer à la façon dont elle a été élevée ; I can't help the way I feel je n'y peux rien ; he can't help being awkward/stupid! ce n'est pas de sa faute s'il est maladroit/stupide! ; I can't help it if the car breaks down! je n'y peux rien or ce n'est pas de ma faute si la voiture tombe en panne! ; I'm sorry I slammed the door-I couldn't help it excusez-moi d'avoir claqué la porte-je ne l'ai pas fait exprès ; not if I can help it! sûrement pas! ; he won't win if I can help it je vais faire tout mon possible pour l'empêcher de gagner ; don't tell her any more than you can help ne lui dis pas plus qu'il n'en faut ; try not to change gear more often than you can help essayez de changer de vitesse le moins (souvent) possible ; she never works harder than she can help elle travaille toujours le strict minimum ; I can't help that je n'y peux rien ; you can't help but pity him on ne peut pas s'empêcher d'avoir pitié de lui.
    D vi
    1 ( assist) aider ; I was only trying to help! je voulais seulement aider! ; he never helps with the cooking/housework il n'aide jamais à faire la cuisine/le ménage ; they offered to help with the expenses ils ont offert d'aider à payer les frais or de participer aux frais ; this map doesn't help much cette carte n'est pas d'un grand secours or ne sert pas à grand-chose ; will it help if I give you a clue? est-ce que ça t'aiderait si je te donnais un indice? ; every little helps ( when donating money) tous les dons sont les bienvenus ; ( when saving) les petits ruisseaux font les grandes rivières ;
    2 ( be an improvement) would it help if I turned the light off? est-ce que ce serait mieux si j'éteignais? ; it might help if we knew where they lived ça nous arrangerait de savoir où ils habitent, ça serait déjà quelque chose si on savait où ils habitent ; she tried going to bed earlier, but it didn't help much elle a commencé à se coucher plus tôt, mais ça n'a pas servi à grand-chose.
    1 ( serve) to help oneself se servir ; I helped myself from the fruit bowl je me suis servi dans la coupe de fruits ; help yourselves! servez-vous! ; help yourselves to coffee/cigarettes prenez du café/des cigarettes ; help yourselves to some more cake reprenez un peu de gâteau ;
    2 to help oneself to ( pinch) piquer ○ ; he has been helping himself to the till il a piqué ○ (de l'argent) dans la caisse ;
    3 ( prevent) to help oneself s'en empêcher ; I tried not to laugh, but I couldn't help myself j'ai essayé de ne pas rire, mais je n'ai pas pu m'en empêcher or c'était plus fort que moi.
    ▶ help [sb] along aider [qn] à marcher [infirm person] ;
    ▶ help [sth] along faire avancer [process, negotiations, project].
    ■ help out:
    ▶ help out aider, donner un coup de main ○ ;
    ▶ help [sb] out gen aider, donner un coup de main ○ à ; ( financially) dépanner ○ ; ( in crisis) tirer [qn] d'embarras [person] ; his parents help him out with the rent ses parents l'aident à payer le loyer.

    Big English-French dictionary > help

  • 95 state

    A n
    1 ( condition) état m ; state of health/mind état de santé/d'esprit ; look at the state of the kitchen! regarde un peu l'état de la cuisine! ; what state is the car in? dans quel état est la voiture? ; she left the house in a terrible state (untidy, dirty) elle a laissé la maison dans un état épouvantable ; the present state of affairs l'état actuel des choses ; my financial state ma situation financière ; a shocking/odd state of affairs une situation scandaleuse/très étrange ; to be in a good/bad state être en bon/mauvais état ; in a good/bad state of repair bien/mal entretenu ; in a poor state of health en mauvaise santé ; he's in a confused state of mind il ne sait plus où il en est ; to be in no state to do ne pas être en état de faire ; he's not in a fit state to drive il n'est pas en état de conduire ; in a liquid/solid state à l'état liquide/solide ; a state of alert/emergency/siege/war un état d'alerte/d'urgence/de siège/de guerre ; a state of chaos/crisis/shock un état chaotique/de crise/de choc ; to be in a state of despair être au désespoir ; what's the state of play? gen où en êtes-vous? ; ( in match) où en est le match? ; ( in negotiations) où en sont les négociations? ;
    2 Pol ( nation) ( also State) État m ; the State of Israel l'État d'Israël ; the Baltic States les États baltes ; to be a state within a state former un État dans l'État ;
    3 Admin, Geog (region, area) État m ; the state of Kansas l'État du Kansas, le Kansas ;
    4 Pol ( government) État m ; the State l'État ; matters ou affairs of state les affaires de l'État ; Church and State l'Église et l'État ;
    5 ( ceremonial) pompe f ; in state en grande pompe, en grand apparat ; to live in state mener grand train ; she will lie in state sa dépouille sera exposée au public ; robes of state tenue f d'apparat ;
    6 ‡( social class) rang m.
    B States npl the States les États-Unis mpl ; to go to the States aller aux États-Unis ; to live in the States vivre aux États-Unis.
    1 ( government) [school, sector] public/-ique ; [enterprise, pension, radio, TV, university, railways, secret] d'État ; [budget, spending, subsidy] de l'État ; [army, tax] national ; state aid aide f de l'État or étatique ; state election ( at a national level) élection f nationale ; US élection f au niveau d'un État ;
    2 ( ceremonial) [coach, occasion, opening] d'apparat ; [banquet] de gala ; [funeral] national ; [visit] officiel/-ielle ; to go on a state visit to Tokyo se rendre en visite officielle à Tokyo.
    D vtr
    1 (express, say) exposer [fact, opinion, position, truth, view] ; ( provide information) indiquer [age, income] ; to state that [person] déclarer que ; ‘I have no intention of resigning’ he stated ‘je n'ai pas l'intention de démissionner’ a-t-il déclaré ; applicants must state where they live les candidats doivent indiquer où ils habitent ; the document states clearly the conditions necessary for acceptance le document présente or indique clairement les conditions requises pour l'acceptation ; to state the obvious énoncer une évidence ; to state one's case gen exposer son cas ; Jur présenter son dossier ; as stated above/below comme mentionné ci-dessus/ci-dessous ;
    2 ( specify) spécifier [amount, conditions, place, time, terms] ; exprimer [preference] ; the stated time/amount, the time/amount stated l'heure/la somme spécifiée ; at stated times/intervals à dates/intervalles fixes ; on stated days à jours fixes.
    to be in/get oneself into a state être/se mettre dans tous ses états.

    Big English-French dictionary > state

  • 96 tie

    tie
    A n
    1 ( piece of clothing) ( also neck tie) cravate f ; regimental/school tie GB cravate d'un régiment/d'une école ; ⇒ old school tie ;
    2 ( fastener) (for bags, plants) attache f ; Constr entretoise f ; Rail traverse f ;
    3 ( bond) ( gén pl) lien m ; family ties liens mpl familiaux ; to strengthen/sever ties with resserrer/rompre les liens avec ;
    4 ( constraint) contrainte f ; pets can be a tie les animaux familiers peuvent être une contrainte ;
    5 ( draw) Sport match m nul ; to end in a tie [game] se terminer sur un score nul ; there was a tie for second place il y a eu ex-aequo pour la deuxième place ; there was a tie between the candidates les candidats ont obtenu le même nombre de voix ;
    6 Sport ( arranged match) match m ; cup/first round tie match m de coupe/de premier tour ;
    7 Mus liaison f.
    1 (attach, fasten closely) attacher [label, animal, prisoner] (to à) ; ligoter [hands, ankles] (with avec) ; ficeler [parcel, chicken] (with avec) ; tie the apron round your waist attache-toi le tablier autour de la taille ;
    2 ( join in knot) nouer [scarf, cravate] ; attacher [laces] ; tie a bow in the ribbon fais un nœud avec le ruban ; tie a knot in the string fais un nœud à la ficelle ;
    3 fig ( link) associer ; to tie sb/sth to sth associer qn/qch à qch ; to be tied to ( linked to) être lié à [belief, growth, activity] ; Fin être indexé sur [inflation, interest rate] ; ( constrained by) [person] être lié par des obligations à [party, group] ; [person] être sous contrat à [company] ; être rivé à [job] ; être cloué à [house] ; [person, business] être soumis à [limitations, market forces] ;
    4 Mus lier [notes].
    C vi ( p prés tying)
    1 ( fasten) s'attacher ; the ribbons tie at the back les rubans s'attachent derrière ; the laces/rope won't tie il n'y a pas moyen d'attacher les lacets/la corde ;
    2 Sport, gen ( draw) ( in match) faire match nul (with avec) ; ( in race) être ex aequo (with avec) ; ( in vote) [candidates] obtenir le même nombre de voix ; to tie for second/third place être deuxième/troisième ex aequo ; to tie on 20 points être ex aequo 20 à 20.
    D v refl ( p prés tying) to tie oneself to lit s'attacher à [railings, etc] ; fig s'astreindre à [job, commitment].
    my hands are tied j'ai les mains liées.
    ■ tie back:
    ▶ tie [sth] back, tie back [sth] nouer [qch] derrière [hair] ; attacher [qch] sur le côté [curtain].
    ■ tie down:
    ▶ tie [sb/sth] down, tie down [sb/sth] ( hold fast) amarrer [hot air balloon] ; immobiliser [hostage] ; she feels tied down fig elle a l'impression d'être clouée ; to tie sb down to sth ( limit) imposer qch à qn ; to tie sb down to an exact date/price arriver à soutirer une date/une prix exacte à qn ; to tie oneself down s'astreindre (to à).
    ▶ tie in with [sth]
    1 ( tally) concorder avec [fact, event] ; it all ties in with what we've been saying tout cela concorde avec ce que nous venons de dire ;
    2 ( have link) être en rapport avec ; does this fact tie in with the murder? est-ce que cet élément est en rapport avec le meurtre? ;
    ▶ tie [sth] in with sth, tie in [sth] with sth
    1 ( combine) combiner [qch] avec qch ;
    2 ( connect) relier [qch] avec qch [fact, information].
    ■ tie on:
    ▶ tie [sth] on, tie on [sth] attacher [label, ribbon, bauble].
    ▶ tie together [facts, information] s'enchaîner ;
    ▶ tie [sth] together, tie together [sth] attacher [bundles, objects] ; we tied his hands together on lui a attaché les mains.
    ■ tie up:
    ▶ tie [sb/sth] up, tie up [sb/sth]
    1 ( secure) ligoter [prisoner] ; ficeler [parcel] ; fermer [sack] ; attacher [animal] ; amarrer [boat] ;
    2 Fin ( freeze) immobiliser [capital] (in dans) ; bloquer [shares] ;
    3 ( finalize) régler [details, matters] ; conclure [deal] ; to tie up the loose ends régler les derniers détails ;
    4 ( hinder) bloquer [procedure] ; US bloquer [traffic, route] ; US suspendre [production] ; to get tied up [traffic, route] se bloquer ; [production] être suspendu ; [person] être pris ;
    ▶ to be tied up ( be busy) être pris ; he's tied up in a meeting/with a client il est pris par une réunion/avec un client ; I'm a bit tied up right now je suis assez pris.

    Big English-French dictionary > tie

  • 97 hand

    hand [hænd]
    main ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 1 (g) aiguille ⇒ 1 (h) écriture ⇒ 1 (i) paume ⇒ 1 (j) ouvrier ⇒ 1 (k) passer ⇒ 2 donner ⇒ 2
    1 noun
    ∎ to hold sb's hand tenir la main de qn;
    ∎ I held her hand je lui ai tenu la main;
    ∎ figurative she's asked me to go along and hold her hand elle m'a demandé de l'accompagner pour lui donner du courage;
    ∎ to hold hands se tenir par la main;
    ∎ to take sb's hand, to take sb by the hand prendre qn par la main, prendre la main de qn;
    ∎ to lead sb by the hand conduire qn par la main;
    ∎ he writes with his left hand il écrit de la main gauche;
    ∎ to put one's hands over one's eyes se couvrir les yeux de ses mains;
    ∎ to be on one's hands and knees être à quatre pattes;
    ∎ figurative to go down on one's hands and knees se mettre à genoux ou à plat ventre;
    ∎ to be good with one's hands être adroit de ses mains;
    ∎ my hands are full j'ai les mains occupées ou prises;
    ∎ figurative to have one's hands full avoir beaucoup à faire, avoir du pain sur la planche;
    ∎ I've got my hands full trying to cope as it is j'ai déjà assez à faire comme ça;
    ∎ to lay one's hands on sth (find) mettre la main sur qch;
    ∎ to get or to lay one's hands on sth (obtain) dénicher qch;
    ∎ to lay hands on sb faire violence à qn;
    ∎ figurative just wait till I get or lay my hands on her! attends un peu que je l'attrape!;
    ∎ to lift or to raise a hand to sb lever la main sur qn;
    ∎ figurative he never lifts a hand to help il ne lève jamais le petit doigt pour aider;
    ∎ hands off! bas les pattes!, pas touche!;
    ∎ hands off the unions/education system! pas touche aux syndicats/au système éducatif!;
    ∎ he can't keep his hands to himself il a la main baladeuse;
    ∎ I only have one pair of hands! je n'ai que deux mains!;
    ∎ look - no hands! (cyclist) sans les mains!;
    ∎ take your hands off me! ne me touche pas!;
    ∎ (put your) hands up! les mains en l'air!, haut les mains!;
    ∎ School hands up anyone who knows the answer que ceux qui connaissent la réponse lèvent le doigt ou la main;
    ∎ hands up all those who agree que ceux qui sont d'accord lèvent la main;
    ∎ to tie sb's hands attacher les mains de qn;
    ∎ they tied my hands behind my back ils m'ont lié ou attaché les mains dans le dos;
    ∎ I could do it with one hand tied behind my back je pourrais le faire sans aucun effort ou les doigts dans le nez;
    ∎ figurative my hands are tied j'ai les mains liées;
    ∎ figurative to sit on one's hands (applaud half-heartedly) applaudir sans enthousiasme; (do nothing) ne rien faire;
    ∎ to ask for sb's hand in marriage demander la main de qn, demander qn en mariage;
    ∎ at hand, near or close at hand (about to happen) proche; (nearby) à proximité;
    ∎ the hour is at hand l'heure est proche;
    ∎ to suffer at the hands of sb souffrir aux mains ou dans les mains de qn;
    ∎ to pass sth from hand to hand faire passer qch de mains en mains;
    ∎ hand in hand la main dans la main;
    ∎ figurative to go hand in hand (with sth) aller de pair (avec qch);
    ∎ to be hand in glove with sb travailler en étroite collaboration avec qn;
    ∎ to make money hand over fist gagner un argent fou;
    ∎ British familiar she doesn't do a hand's turn elle n'en fiche pas une;
    ∎ to live from hand to mouth tirer le diable par la queue;
    ∎ figurative to win hands down gagner haut la main;
    ∎ to beat sb hands down battre qn à plates couture(s);
    ∎ proverb many hands make light work = à beaucoup d'ouvriers la tâche devient aisée;
    ∎ on the one hand... but on the other hand... (used in the same sentence) d'un côté... mais de l'autre...;
    ∎ to give sb a hand (with sth) donner un coup de main à qn;
    ∎ to lend a hand mettre la main à la pâte;
    ∎ do you need a hand (with that)? as-tu besoin d'un coup de main?
    (c) (control, management)
    ∎ to need a firm hand avoir besoin d'être sérieusement pris en main;
    ∎ to rule with a firm hand diriger avec de la poigne;
    ∎ to take sb/sth in hand prendre qn/qch en main;
    ∎ to be out of hand (dog, child) ne rien écouter;
    ∎ to get out of hand (dog, child) devenir indocile; (meeting, situation) échapper à tout contrôle;
    ∎ the garden is getting out of hand le jardin à l'air d'une vraie jungle;
    ∎ to change hands (company, restaurant etc) changer de propriétaire;
    ∎ it's out of my hands cela ne m'appartient plus, ce n'est plus ma responsabilité ou de mon ressort;
    ∎ the matter is in the hands of the headmaster la question relève maintenant ou est maintenant du ressort du principal;
    ∎ I have put the matter in the hands of a lawyer j'ai confié l'affaire à un avocat;
    ∎ the answer lies in your own hands la solution est entre tes mains;
    ∎ to have too much time on one's hands avoir trop de temps à soi;
    ∎ to have sb/sth on one's hands avoir qn/qch sur les bras;
    ∎ now that that's off my hands à présent que je suis débarrassé de cela;
    ∎ it's out of my hands je ne peux (plus) rien y faire;
    ∎ to fall into the hands of the enemy tomber entre les mains de l'ennemi;
    ∎ to fall into the wrong hands (information, secret etc) tomber en de mauvaises mains;
    ∎ in the wrong hands this knowledge could be very dangerous si elles tombaient aux mains de personnes malintentionnées, ces connaissances pourraient être très dangereuses;
    ∎ in the right hands en de bonnes mains;
    ∎ to be in good or safe hands être en de bonnes mains;
    ∎ can I leave this in your hands? puis-je te demander de t'en occuper?;
    ∎ it leaves too much power in the hands of the police cela laisse trop de pouvoir à la police;
    ∎ to give sb a free hand donner carte blanche à qn;
    ∎ to take matters into one's own hands prendre les choses en main
    ∎ to give sb a (big) hand applaudir qn (bien fort)
    (e) (influence, involvement)
    ∎ to have a hand in sth avoir quelque chose à voir dans qch, être impliqué dans qch;
    ∎ I had no hand in it je n'avais rien à voir là-dedans, je n'y étais pour rien;
    ∎ I see or detect your hand in this j'y vois ta marque
    (f) (skill, ability)
    ∎ to have a light hand with pastry réussir une pâte légère;
    ∎ she can turn her hand to anything elle peut tout faire;
    ∎ to keep one's hand in garder la main;
    ∎ I was never much of a hand at it je n'ai jamais été très doué pour cela;
    ∎ to try one's hand at sth s'essayer à qch
    (g) (in cards → cards held) main f, jeu m; (→ round, game) partie f; (→ player) joueur(euse) m,f;
    ∎ to have a good hand avoir du jeu;
    ∎ first/fourth hand (player) premie(ère) m,f/dernier(ère) m,f en cartes;
    ∎ figurative to show or to reveal one's hand dévoiler son jeu;
    ∎ figurative to throw in one's hand jeter l'éponge
    (h) (of clock, watch) aiguille f; (of signpost, barometer) indicateur m;
    ∎ the little hand is pointing to three la petite aiguille est sur le trois
    (i) (handwriting) écriture f;
    ∎ to have a good hand avoir une belle écriture
    ∎ a horse fifteen hands high un cheval de quinze paumes
    (k) (worker) ouvrier(ère) m,f; (on ship) homme m, membre m de l'équipage;
    ∎ the ship was lost with all hands le navire a sombré corps et biens;
    ∎ old hand expert m, vieux m de la vieille;
    ∎ to be an old hand at sth avoir une vaste expérience de qch;
    ∎ also figurative all hands to the pump tout le monde à la rescousse
    (l) (of bananas) régime m;
    ∎ hand of pork jambonneau m
    passer, donner;
    ∎ to hand sth to sb, to hand sb sth passer ou donner qch à qn;
    ∎ to hand sb a letter/telegram remettre une lettre/un télégramme à qn;
    ∎ figurative to hand sth to sb on a plate apporter à qn qch sur un plateau;
    ∎ figurative you have to hand it to her, she IS a good mother c'est une bonne mère, il faut lui accorder cela
    (written) à la main; (made, knitted, sewn) (à la) main;
    ∎ to wash sth by hand laver qch à la main;
    ∎ to send sth by hand faire porter qch;
    ∎ to rear an animal by hand élever un animal au biberon
    (a) (available → money) disponible; (→ time) devant soi;
    ∎ British do we have any time in hand? avons-nous du temps devant nous?
    ∎ the matter is in hand on s'occupe de l'affaire;
    ∎ I have the situation well in hand j'ai la situation bien en main;
    ∎ to return to the matter in hand revenir à ses moutons;
    ∎ keep your mind on the job in hand concentre-toi sur l'affaire en cours
    (person) disponible
    (immediately) sur-le-champ
    (letter, information etc) sous la main;
    ∎ use what comes to hand prends ce que tu as sous la main;
    ∎ he took the first one that came to hand il a pris le premier qui lui est tombé sous la main;
    ∎ the first excuse to hand le premier prétexte venu
    ►► hand baggage (UNCOUNT) bagages mpl à main;
    hand controls commandes fpl manuelles;
    hand cream crème f pour les mains;
    Military hand grenade grenade f à main;
    hand lotion lotion f pour les mains;
    hand luggage (UNCOUNT) bagages mpl à main;
    hand microphone micro m portatif;
    Theatre hand puppet marionnette f;
    hand signal signal m de la main;
    ∎ hand signals only (on vehicle) = indique que les clignotants d'un véhicule ne fonctionnent pas;
    hand towel serviette f, essuie-mains m inv
    (distribute) distribuer
    (return) rapporter, rendre;
    ∎ she handed me back the bottle elle m'a repassé la bouteille;
    ∎ Radio & Television I now hand you back to the studio/Jon Snow je rends maintenant l'antenne au studio/à Jon Snow
    (a) (pass, give from high place) passer, donner;
    ∎ hand me down the hammer passe-moi ou donne-moi le marteau (qui est là-haut)
    (b) (heirloom, story) transmettre;
    ∎ the necklace/property has been handed down from mother to daughter for six generations le collier est transmis/la propriété est transmise de mère en fille depuis six générations;
    ∎ all her clothes had been handed down from her older sisters tous ses vêtements venaient de ses sœurs aînées
    (c) Law (decision, sentence) annoncer; (judgment) rendre;
    ∎ American to hand down the budget annoncer le budget
    (return, surrender → book) rendre; (→ ticket) remettre; (→ exam paper) rendre, remettre; (something found → to authorities, police etc) déposer, remettre;
    ∎ to hand in one's resignation donner ou remettre sa démission, demissioner
    Sport (in rugby) raffûter
    ∎ to hand sth on to sb passer qch à qn
    (b) = hand down (b)
    (distribute) distribuer;
    ∎ we hand out 200 free meals a day nous servons 200 repas gratuits par jour;
    ∎ he's very good at handing out advice il est très fort pour ce qui est de distribuer des conseils;
    ∎ he's fond of handing it out, but can't take it (criticism) il se permet de critiquer les autres mais il déteste qu'on le critique;
    ∎ the French boxer handed out a lot of punishment le boxeur français a frappé à coups redoublés
    (a) (pass, give → object) passer, donner;
    ∎ Radio & Television we now hand you over to the weather man/Bill Smith in Moscow nous passons maintenant l'antenne à notre météorologue/Bill Smith à Moscou;
    ∎ Telecommunications I'm handing him over now je te le passe tout de suite
    (b) (surrender → weapons, hostage) remettre; (→ criminal) livrer; (→ power, authority) transmettre; Law (→ property) céder;
    ∎ he was handed over to the French police il a été livré à la ou aux mains de la police française;
    ∎ hand it over! donne!
    ∎ to hand over to (government minister, chairman etc) passer le pouvoir à; (in meeting) donner la parole à; Telecommunications passer ou donner le combiné à
    (distribute) distribuer
    (pass, give from low place) passer, donner;
    ∎ hand me up the hammer passe-moi ou donne-moi le marteau (qui est là en bas)

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > hand

  • 98 Cadbury Report

    Fin
    the report of the Cadbury Committee (conducted in December 1992) on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance. It was established to consider the following issues in relation to financial reporting and accountability, and to make recommendations on good practice: the responsibilities of executive and nonexecutive directors for reviewing and reporting on performance to shareholders and other financially interested parties; and the frequency, clarity, and form in which information should be provided; the case for audit committees of the board, including their composition and role; the principal responsibilities of the auditors and the extent and value of the audit; the links between shareholders, boards, and auditors; and any other relevant matters. The report established a Code of Best Practice, and has been influential in the United Kingdom and overseas.

    The ultimate business dictionary > Cadbury Report

  • 99 Abel, John Jacob

    SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology
    [br]
    b. 19 May 1857 near Cleveland, Ohio, USA
    d. 26 May 1938 Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    [br]
    American pharmacologist and physiologist, proponent of the "artificial kidney" and the isolator of pure insulin.
    [br]
    Born of German immigrant farming stock, his early scientific education at the University of Michigan, where he graduated PhB in 1883, suffered from a financially dictated interregnum of three years. In 1884 he moved to Leipzig and worked under Ludwig, moving to Strasbourg where he obtained his MD in 1888. In 1891 he was able to return to the University of Michigan as Lecturer in Materia Medica and Therapeutics, and in 1893 he was offered the first Chair of Pharmacology at Johns Hopkins University, a position he occupied until 1932. He was a pioneer in emphasizing the importance of chemistry, in its widest sense, in medicine and physiology. In his view, "the investigator must associate himself with those who have laboured in fields where molecules and atoms rather than multi-cellular tissues or even unicellular organisms are the units of study".
    Soon after coming to Baltimore he commenced work on extracts from the adrenal medulla and in 1899 published his work on epinephrine. In later years he developed an "artificial kidney" which could be used to remove diffusible substances from the blood. In 1913 he was able to demonstrate the existence of free amino-acids in the blood and his investigations in this field foreshadowed not only the developments of blood and plasma transfusion but also the possibility of the management of renal failure.
    From 1917 to 1924 he moved to a study of the hormone content of pituitary extracts, but in 1924 he suddenly transferred his attention to the study of insulin. In 1925 he announced the discovery of pure crystalline hormone. This work at first failed to gain full acceptance, but as late as 1955 the full elucidation of the protein structure of insulin proved the final culmination of his studies.
    Abel's dedication to laboratory research and his disdain for matters of administration may explain the relative paucity of worldy honours awarded to such an outstanding figure.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS.
    Bibliography
    1913, "On the removal of diffusible substances from the circulating blood by means of dialysis", Transactions of the Association of American Physiologists.
    Further Reading
    1939, Obituary Notices, Fellows of the Royal Society, London: Royal Society.
    1946, Biographical Memoir: John Jacob Abel. 1857–1938, Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.
    MG

    Biographical history of technology > Abel, John Jacob

  • 100 Beau de Rochas, Alphonse Eugène

    [br]
    b. 1815 France
    d. 1893 France
    [br]
    French railway engineer, patentee of a four-stroke cycle engine.
    [br]
    Renowned more for his ideas on technical matters than his practical deeds, Beau de Rochas was a prolific thinker. Within a few years he proposed a rail tunnel beneath the English Channel, a submarine telegraph, a new kind of drive for canal boats, the use of steel for high-pressure boilers and a method of improving the adhesion of locomotive wheels travelling the Alps.
    The most notable of Beau de Rochas's ideas occurred in 1862 when he was employed as Ingenieur Attaché to the Central de Chemins. With remarkable foresight, he expressed the theoretical considerations for the cycle of operations for the now widely used four-stroke cycle engine. A French patent of 1862 lapsed with a failure to pay the annuity and thus the proposals for a new motive power lapsed into obscurity. Resurrected some twenty years later, the Beau de Rochas tract figures prominently in patent litigation cases. In 1885, a German court upheld a submission by a German patent lawyer that Otto's four-stroke engine of 1876 infringed the Beau de Rochas patent. It remains a mystery why Beau de Rochas never emerged at any time to defend his claims. In France he is regarded as the inventor of the four-stroke cycle engine.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale, prize of 3000 francs, 1891.
    Bibliography
    1885, The Engineer 60:441 (an English translation of the Beau de Rochas tract).
    Further Reading
    B.Donkin, 1900, The Gas, Oil and Air Engine, London: p. 467.
    See also: Langen, Eugen
    KAB

    Biographical history of technology > Beau de Rochas, Alphonse Eugène

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