marmor

marmor, ŏris (also marmur; plur. marmura, Antonius Gripho ap. Quint. 1, 6, 23; abl. marmori, Corp. Inscr. L. 1012; m., Plin. Val. 3, 14), n. [root mar-, gleam, glimmer (v. mare), the white or gleaming stone; cf. margarita, = marmaros], marble.

Lit.:

in omni marmore,

Cic. Div. 2, 21, 48:

Parium marmor,

Quint. 2, 19, 3; 5, 11, 30:

tu secanda marmora Locas,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 17:

templum de marmore ponam,

Verg. G. 3, 13; cf.:

vivos ducent de marmore vultus,

id. A. 6, 848:

parietes crusta marmoris operire totius domus,

Plin. 36, 6, 7, § 48:

A MARMORIBVS,

one whose office it was to superintend the purchasing and working of marble, Inscr. Grut. 593, 7:

marmora,

kinds of marble, Sen. Ep. 100, 5; Plin. 36, 7, 11, § 54; 36, 16, 25, § 126; but blocks or pieces of marble, Hor. l. l.; Luc. 10, 114; Plin. 24, 17, 102, § 160; 36, 1, 1, § 2; Quint. 5, 11, 30; Mart. 5, 22, 8; v. infra.—

Transf.

Pulverized marble, marble-dust, Cato, R. R. 2, 3; Col. 12, 20 fin.; Plin. 14, 19, 24, § 120; 23, 1, 24, § 45.—

A marble, i. e.,

A piece of wrought marble, marble statue, etc.:

Praxiteles marmore nobilitatus est Gnidiaque Venere,

Plin. 7, 38, 39, § 127; Hor. C. 4, 8, 13; Ov. M. 5, 234; 12, 487:

duo marmora,

id. ib. 7, 790; cf.:

lacrimas marmora manant,

id. ib. 6, 312; so plur., Sen. Ep. 90, 26; Plin. 12, 1, 5, § 9; 33, 7, 40, § 122; Stat. Silv. 1, 3, 36; Juv. 1, 12; 14, 40 et saep.—

A building of marble, Mart. 8, 3, 6; 10, 63, 1.—

In plur., a marble pavement, Mart. 10, 2, 9; 12, 60, 12; Claud. ap. Eutr. 2, 360; Juv. 6, 430.—

A mile-stone of marble:

rus marmore tertio notatum,

i. e. three miles from town, Mart. 7, 31, 10.—

A marble slab upon a sideboard, Juv. 3, 205.—

A hard, stony tumor in the joints of the horse:

plerumque in genibus aut phlegmon oritur, aut marmora,

Veg. Vet. 2, 48, 1:

tumor obduratione convertitur in marmor,

id. ib. 2, 48, 10.—

Stone in gen., Ov. M. 5, 214; 11, 404:

flumen inducit marmora rebus,

incrusts, id. ib. 15, 314.—

Poet., the bright level surface of the sea; hence, the surface of the sea, the sea in gen.: verrunt extemplo placide mare marmore flavo, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 26, 21 (Ann. v. 377 Vahl.); Lucr. 2, 767:

lento luctantur marmore tonsae,

Verg. A. 7, 28; id. G. 1, 254:

Libycum,

id. A. 7, 718:

spumant vada marmore verso,

id. ib. 10, 208:

marmora pelagi,

Cat. 63, 88:

infidum,

Sil. 14, 464:

medium,

the surface of a lake, Val. Fl. 6, 568.

* * *

marmor, ŏris (also marmur; plur. marmura, Antonius Gripho ap. Quint. 1, 6, 23; abl. marmori, Corp. Inscr. L. 1012; m., Plin. Val. 3, 14), n. [root mar-, gleam, glimmer (v. mare), the white or gleaming stone; cf. margarita, = marmaros], marble.

Lit.:

in omni marmore,

Cic. Div. 2, 21, 48:

Parium marmor,

Quint. 2, 19, 3; 5, 11, 30:

tu secanda marmora Locas,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 17:

templum de marmore ponam,

Verg. G. 3, 13; cf.:

vivos ducent de marmore vultus,

id. A. 6, 848:

parietes crusta marmoris operire totius domus,

Plin. 36, 6, 7, § 48:

A MARMORIBVS,

one whose office it was to superintend the purchasing and working of marble, Inscr. Grut. 593, 7:

marmora,

kinds of marble, Sen. Ep. 100, 5; Plin. 36, 7, 11, § 54; 36, 16, 25, § 126; but blocks or pieces of marble, Hor. l. l.; Luc. 10, 114; Plin. 24, 17, 102, § 160; 36, 1, 1, § 2; Quint. 5, 11, 30; Mart. 5, 22, 8; v. infra.—

Transf.

Pulverized marble, marble-dust, Cato, R. R. 2, 3; Col. 12, 20 fin.; Plin. 14, 19, 24, § 120; 23, 1, 24, § 45.—

A marble, i. e.,

A piece of wrought marble, marble statue, etc.:

Praxiteles marmore nobilitatus est Gnidiaque Venere,

Plin. 7, 38, 39, § 127; Hor. C. 4, 8, 13; Ov. M. 5, 234; 12, 487:

duo marmora,

id. ib. 7, 790; cf.:

lacrimas marmora manant,

id. ib. 6, 312; so plur., Sen. Ep. 90, 26; Plin. 12, 1, 5, § 9; 33, 7, 40, § 122; Stat. Silv. 1, 3, 36; Juv. 1, 12; 14, 40 et saep.—

A building of marble, Mart. 8, 3, 6; 10, 63, 1.—

In plur., a marble pavement, Mart. 10, 2, 9; 12, 60, 12; Claud. ap. Eutr. 2, 360; Juv. 6, 430.—

A mile-stone of marble:

rus marmore tertio notatum,

i. e. three miles from town, Mart. 7, 31, 10.—

A marble slab upon a sideboard, Juv. 3, 205.—

A hard, stony tumor in the joints of the horse:

plerumque in genibus aut phlegmon oritur, aut marmora,

Veg. Vet. 2, 48, 1:

tumor obduratione convertitur in marmor,

id. ib. 2, 48, 10.—

Stone in gen., Ov. M. 5, 214; 11, 404:

flumen inducit marmora rebus,

incrusts, id. ib. 15, 314.—

Poet., the bright level surface of the sea; hence, the surface of the sea, the sea in gen.: verrunt extemplo placide mare marmore flavo, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 26, 21 (Ann. v. 377 Vahl.); Lucr. 2, 767:

lento luctantur marmore tonsae,

Verg. A. 7, 28; id. G. 1, 254:

Libycum,

id. A. 7, 718:

spumant vada marmore verso,

id. ib. 10, 208:

marmora pelagi,

Cat. 63, 88:

infidum,

Sil. 14, 464:

medium,

the surface of a lake, Val. Fl. 6, 568.

A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

Quint. 1, 5, 61.

The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.

In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.

Short a is changed,

, into long a —

In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,

In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).

In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)

Short a is changed into é or ē—

Into é.

Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).

Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.

In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).

Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).

Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)

before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —

Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).

ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.

Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.

In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.

Short a is changed into short or long o.

Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).

Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).

Short a is changed into ŭ —

In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).

In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.

ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).

Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.

Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.

Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)

Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.

The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).

Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.

ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.

The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.

In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.

ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.

The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.

Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.

In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.

Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).

Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—

Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.

Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.

Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.

Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.

Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.

Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.

Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.

As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

so also A. A. A.,

ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.

a, prep.=ab, v. ab.

ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

Quint. 1, 5, 61.

The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.

In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.

Short a is changed,

, into long a —

In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,

In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).

In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)

Short a is changed into é or ē—

Into é.

Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).

Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.

In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).

Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).

Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)

before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —

Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).

ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.

Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.

In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.

Short a is changed into short or long o.

Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).

Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).

Short a is changed into ŭ —

In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).

In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.

ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).

Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.

Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.

Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)

Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.

The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).

Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.

ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.

The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.

In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.

ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.

The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.

Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.

In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.

Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).

Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—

Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.

Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.

Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.

Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.

Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.

Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.

Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.

As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

so also A. A. A.,

ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.

a, prep.=ab, v. ab.

ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

Cărystŏs and - us, i, f., = karustos.

A very ancient town on the south coast of Eubœa, famous for its marble, now Karysto or Castel Rosso, Mel. 2, 7, 9; Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 64; Liv. 32, 17; Tib. 3, 3, 14 al. —

Derivv.

Cărystēus, a, um, adj., of Carystos, Carystian:

vada,

Ov. F. 4, 282:

marmor,

Isid. Orig. 6, 11, 2; 16, 5, 15. —

Cărystĭus, a, um, adj., the same:

marmor,

Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 64; 36, 6, 7, § 48:

columellae,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 36:

LAPIDICINAE,

Inscr. Orell. 2964.—In plur. subst.: Căry-stĭi, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Carystos, Liv. 32, 16, 8.—

A town in Liguria, now Carosio, Liv. 42, 7, 3.

Cărystŏs and - us, i, f., = karustos.

A very ancient town on the south coast of Eubœa, famous for its marble, now Karysto or Castel Rosso, Mel. 2, 7, 9; Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 64; Liv. 32, 17; Tib. 3, 3, 14 al. —

Derivv.

Cărystēus, a, um, adj., of Carystos, Carystian:

vada,

Ov. F. 4, 282:

marmor,

Isid. Orig. 6, 11, 2; 16, 5, 15. —

Cărystĭus, a, um, adj., the same:

marmor,

Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 64; 36, 6, 7, § 48:

columellae,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 36:

LAPIDICINAE,

Inscr. Orell. 2964.—In plur. subst.: Căry-stĭi, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Carystos, Liv. 32, 16, 8.—

A town in Liguria, now Carosio, Liv. 42, 7, 3.

Cărystŏs and - us, i, f., = karustos.

A very ancient town on the south coast of Eubœa, famous for its marble, now Karysto or Castel Rosso, Mel. 2, 7, 9; Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 64; Liv. 32, 17; Tib. 3, 3, 14 al. —

Derivv.

Cărystēus, a, um, adj., of Carystos, Carystian:

vada,

Ov. F. 4, 282:

marmor,

Isid. Orig. 6, 11, 2; 16, 5, 15. —

Cărystĭus, a, um, adj., the same:

marmor,

Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 64; 36, 6, 7, § 48:

columellae,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 36:

LAPIDICINAE,

Inscr. Orell. 2964.—In plur. subst.: Căry-stĭi, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Carystos, Liv. 32, 16, 8.—

A town in Liguria, now Carosio, Liv. 42, 7, 3.

Cărystŏs and - us, i, f., = karustos.

A very ancient town on the south coast of Eubœa, famous for its marble, now Karysto or Castel Rosso, Mel. 2, 7, 9; Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 64; Liv. 32, 17; Tib. 3, 3, 14 al. —

Derivv.

Cărystēus, a, um, adj., of Carystos, Carystian:

vada,

Ov. F. 4, 282:

marmor,

Isid. Orig. 6, 11, 2; 16, 5, 15. —

Cărystĭus, a, um, adj., the same:

marmor,

Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 64; 36, 6, 7, § 48:

columellae,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 36:

LAPIDICINAE,

Inscr. Orell. 2964.—In plur. subst.: Căry-stĭi, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Carystos, Liv. 32, 16, 8.—

A town in Liguria, now Carosio, Liv. 42, 7, 3.

Cărystŏs and - us, i, f., = karustos.

A very ancient town on the south coast of Eubœa, famous for its marble, now Karysto or Castel Rosso, Mel. 2, 7, 9; Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 64; Liv. 32, 17; Tib. 3, 3, 14 al. —

Derivv.

Cărystēus, a, um, adj., of Carystos, Carystian:

vada,

Ov. F. 4, 282:

marmor,

Isid. Orig. 6, 11, 2; 16, 5, 15. —

Cărystĭus, a, um, adj., the same:

marmor,

Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 64; 36, 6, 7, § 48:

columellae,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 36:

LAPIDICINAE,

Inscr. Orell. 2964.—In plur. subst.: Căry-stĭi, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Carystos, Liv. 32, 16, 8.—

A town in Liguria, now Carosio, Liv. 42, 7, 3.

Prŏconnēsus, i, f., = Prokonnêsos, an island in the Propontis, abounding in wine and marble, now Marmora, Mel. 2, 7, 4; Plin. 5, 32, 44, § 151.—Hence,

Prŏ-connensis, e, adj., of Proconnessus, Proconnessian:

marmor,

Sol. 37 med. —

Prŏconnēsĭus, a, um, adj., Proconnessian:

ancilla,

Plin. 7, 11, 9, § 49:

marmor,

id. 36, 6, 6, § 47; 37, 10, 70, § 185; Vitr. 2, 8.

Prŏconnēsus, i, f., = Prokonnêsos, an island in the Propontis, abounding in wine and marble, now Marmora, Mel. 2, 7, 4; Plin. 5, 32, 44, § 151.—Hence,

Prŏ-connensis, e, adj., of Proconnessus, Proconnessian:

marmor,

Sol. 37 med. —

Prŏconnēsĭus, a, um, adj., Proconnessian:

ancilla,

Plin. 7, 11, 9, § 49:

marmor,

id. 36, 6, 6, § 47; 37, 10, 70, § 185; Vitr. 2, 8.

Prŏconnēsus, i, f., = Prokonnêsos, an island in the Propontis, abounding in wine and marble, now Marmora, Mel. 2, 7, 4; Plin. 5, 32, 44, § 151.—Hence,

Prŏ-connensis, e, adj., of Proconnessus, Proconnessian:

marmor,

Sol. 37 med. —

Prŏconnēsĭus, a, um, adj., Proconnessian:

ancilla,

Plin. 7, 11, 9, § 49:

marmor,

id. 36, 6, 6, § 47; 37, 10, 70, § 185; Vitr. 2, 8.

* * *

ăd-huc, adv.

Prop., of place, to this place, hitherto, thus far (designating the limit, inclusive of the whole space traversed: hence often joined with usque; cf.

ad, A. 1. B.): conveniunt adhuc utriusque verba,

thus far, to this point, the statements of both agree, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 20:

adhuc ea dixi, causa cur Zenoni non fuisset,

Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 44; cf. Auct. Her. 1, 9, 16:

his oris, quas angulo Baeticae adhuc usque perstrinximus,

Mel. 3, 6, 1.—Hence, in the desig. of measure or degree, so far, to such a degree:

et ipse Caesar erat adhuc impudens, qui exercitum et provinciam invito senatu teneret,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 4; so Liv. 21, 18, 4; Quint. 2, 19, 2; 8, 5, 20.—More frequently,

Transf.

Of time, until now, hitherto, as yet (designating the limit, together with the period already passed; cf.

ad, 1. B.): res adhuc quidem hercle in tuto est,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 48:

celabitur itidem ut celata adhuc est,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 20:

sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur,

Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 6:

ille vidit non modo, quot fuissent adhuc philosophorum de summo bono, sed quot omnino esse possent sententiae,

id. Fin. 5, 6, 16:

haec adhuc (sc. acta sunt): sed ad praeterita revertamur,

id. Att. 5, 20; so ib. 3, 14 fin.; 5, 17, 46; id. Agr. 3, 1, 1:

Britanni, qui adhuc pugnae expertes,

Tac. Agr. 37; so Curt. 7, 7, 8 al.—With usque or semper:

usque adhuc actum est probe,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 107; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 14; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; id. Ad. 4, 4, 23; 5, 4, 5; id. Hec. 4, 1, 29; Cic. Rep. 2, 20:

quod adhuc semper tacui et tacendum putavi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119.—With dum in subordinate propositions, for the purpose of more accurate desig. of time:

quae adhuc te carens, dum hic fui, sustentabam,

what I have endured during the whole time that I have been here, until now, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 4:

adhuc dum mihi nullo loco deesse vis, numquam te confirmare potuisti,

Cic. Fam. 16, 4; so ib. 18.—Hence the adverbial expression (occurring once in Plautus): adhuc locorum, until now, hitherto: ut adhuc locorum feci, faciam sedulo, Capt. 2, 3, 25.— Adhuc denotes not merely a limitation of time in the present, but also, though more rarely, like usque eo and ad id tempus, and the Engl. as yet, in the past:

adhuc haec erant, ad reliqua alacri tendebamus animo,

Cic. Div. 2, 2, 4:

Abraham vero adhuc stabat,

Vulg. Gen. 18, 22:

unam adhuc a te epistulam acceperam,

Cic. Att. 7, 2:

cum adhuc sustinuisset multos dies,

Vulg. Act. 18, 18:

scripsi etiam illud quodam in libello... disertos me cognōsse nonnullos, eloquentem adhuc neminem,

id. de Or. 1, 21:

una adhuc victoria Carus Metius censebatur,

Tac. Agr. 45.—

Adhuc non, or neque adhuc, not as yet, not to this time: nihil adhuc, nothing as yet, or not at all as yet: numquam adhuc, never as yet, never yet:

cupidissimi veniendi maximis injuriis affecti, adhuc non venerunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27, 65:

me adhuc non legisse turpe utrique nostrum est,

id. Fam. 7, 24, 7; so id. 3, 8, 25; 6, 14; 14, 6, 2; Mart. 7, 89, 10:

cui neque fulgor adhuc nec dum sua forma recessit,

Verg. A. 11, 70:

nihil adhuc peccavit etiam,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 78:

nihil adhuc est, quod vereare,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 1:

sed quod quaeris, quando, qua, quo, nihil adhuc scimus,

Cic. Fam. 9, 7, 4; so 9, 17, 7; Caes. B. C. 3, 57; Nep. Milt. 5:

numquam etiam quicquam adhuc verborum est prolocutus perperam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 92; cf. id. Capt. 5, 2, 7.—

For etiam nunc, yet, still; to denote continuance (apparently not used by Cic.):

stertis adhuc?

are you still snoring? Pers. 3, 58;

adhuc tranquilla res est,

it is still quiet, Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 15; so id. Ad. 1, 2, 42:

Ephesi regem est consecutus fluctuantem adhuc animo,

Liv. 33, 49, 7; so 21, 43, 14; Tac. A. 1, 8, 17; id. H. 2, 44, 73; 4, 17; id. Germ. 28; Suet. Aug. 56, 69; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 1; Curt. 8, 6, 18: quinque satis fuerant; nam sex septemve libelli est nimium: quid adhuc ludere, Musa, juvat? why play still, still more, or further? Mart. 8, 3; so id. 4, 91.—

Hence also to denote that a thing is still remaining or existing:

at in veterum comicorum adhuc libris invenio,

I yet find in the old comic poets, Quint. 1, 7, 22:

quippe tres adhuc legiones erant,

were still left, Tac. H. 3, 9; so id. G. 34; id. Ann. 2, 26; Mart. 7, 44, 1.—With vb. omitted:

si quis adhuc precibus locus, exue mentem,

Verg. A. 4, 319.—

To denote that a thing has only reached a certain point, now first, just now: cum adhuc ( now for the first time) naso odos obsecutus es meo, da vicissim meo gutturi gaudium, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 9:

gangraenam vero, si nondum plane tenet, sed adhuc incipit, curare non difficillimum est,

Cels. 5, 26, 34; so Mart. 13, 102.—Hence, with deinde or aliquando following:

quam concedis adhuc artem omnino non esse, sed aliquando,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 246:

senatus priusquam edicto convocaretur ad curiam concurrit, obseratisque adhuc foribus, deinde apertis, tantas mortuo gratias agit, etc.,

Suet. Tit. 11; so Tac. A. 11, 23.—

To denote that a thing had reached a certain limit before another thing happened (in prose only after Livy), still, yet, while yet:

inconditam multitudinem adhuc disjecit,

he dispersed the multitude while yet unarranged, Tac. A. 3, 42.—

For etiam, insuper, praeterea, to denote that a thing occurs beside or along with another (belonging perhaps only to popular language, hence once in Plaut., and to the post-Aug. per.), besides, further, moreover:

addam minam adhuc istic postea,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 18:

unam rem adhuc adiciam,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 8:

sunt adhuc aliquae non omittendae in auro differentiae,

Plin. 33, 2, 10, § 37; so Quint. 2, 21, 6; 9, 4, 34; Val. Fl. 8, 429; Tac. A. 1, 17; id. Agr. 29; ib. 33; Flor. 1, 13, 17; Vulg. Amos, 4, 7; ib. Joan. 16, 12; ib. Heb. 11, 32.—

In later Lat. adhuc is used like etiam in the Cic. per., = eti, yet, still, for the sake of emphasis in comparisons; then, if it cnhances the comparative, it stands before it; but follows it, if that which the comp. expresses is added by way of augmentation; as, he has done a still greater thing, and he has still done a greater thing (this is the view of Hand, Turs. I. p. 166):

tum Callicles adhuc concitatior,

Quint. 2, 15, 28:

adhuc difficilior observatio est per tenores,

id. 1, 5, 22:

si marmor illi (Phidiae), si adhuc viliorem materiem obtulisses, fecisset, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 85, 34:

adhuc diligentius,

Plin. 18, 4: cui gloriae amplior [p. 36] adhuc ex opportunitate cumulus accessit, Suet. Tib. 17:

Di faveant, majora adhuc restant,

Curt. 9, 6, 23; so Quint. 10, 1, 99; Tac. G. 19; Suet. Ner. 10.

Adhuc sometimes = adeo, even (in the connection, et adhuc, -que adhuc; v. adeo, II.).

Ita res successit meliusque adhuc, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 18:

Tellurem Nymphasque et adhuc ignota precatur flumina,

Verg. A. 7, 137:

Nil parvum sapias et adhuc sublimia cures,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 15; so ib. 2, 2, 114; Liv. 22, 49, 10; Sen. Ep. 49, 4.—

Absol.:

gens non astuta nec callida aperit adhuc secreta pectoris licentiā joci,

Tac. G. 22:

cetera similes Batavis, nisi quod ipso adhuc terrae suae solo et caelo acrius animantur,

ib. 29, 3 (cf.: ipse adeo under adeo, II., and at the end); so Stat. S. 1, 2, 55.—See more upon this word, Hand, Turs. I. pp. 156-167.

Ancyra, ae, f., = Ankura.

A town in Galatia, now Angora, where was a marble temple of Augustus, built in his lifetime, Liv. 38, 24; Curt. 3, 1; Plin. 5, 32, 42, § 146; Claud. in Eutr. 2, 98.—

A town in Phrygia, Plin. 5, 32, 41, § 145.—Whence, Ancyrānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Ancyra, Claud. in Eutr. 2, 416: Marmor or Monumentum Ancyranum, a Latin inscription on the inside of the antœ of the temple of Augustus, containing a record of his deeds, being a copy of the bronze tablets placed in front of his Mausoleum; cf. Suet. Aug. 101, and Wolf, Suet. II. p. 369 sq.; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 286.

Ancyra, ae, f., = Ankura.

A town in Galatia, now Angora, where was a marble temple of Augustus, built in his lifetime, Liv. 38, 24; Curt. 3, 1; Plin. 5, 32, 42, § 146; Claud. in Eutr. 2, 98.—

A town in Phrygia, Plin. 5, 32, 41, § 145.—Whence, Ancyrānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Ancyra, Claud. in Eutr. 2, 416: Marmor or Monumentum Ancyranum, a Latin inscription on the inside of the antœ of the temple of Augustus, containing a record of his deeds, being a copy of the bronze tablets placed in front of his Mausoleum; cf. Suet. Aug. 101, and Wolf, Suet. II. p. 369 sq.; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 286.

argentum, i, n. [argêeis, argês, Dor. argas, white, like Tarentum, from Taras, Doed. Syn. III. p. 193; prop. white metal; cf. Sanscr. arǵunas = bright; raǵatam = silver; hence], silver, whose mineralogical description is found in Plin. 33, 6, 31, § 95.

A.. Lit.:

argenti metalla,

Plin. 33, 6, 33, § 101:

argenti aerisque metalla,

Vulg. Exod. 35, 24:

argenti vena,

Plin. 33, 6, 31, § 95: argenti fodina, v. argenti-fodina;

argenti scoria,

id. 3, 6, 5, § 105:

spuma argenti,

id. 33, 6, 35, § 106:

argenti duae differentiae (sunt),

id. 33, 10, 44, § 127:

argentum candidum, rufum, nigrum,

id. ib.:

argentum infectum,

unwrought silver, Liv. 26, 47; Dig. 34, 2, 19:

argenti montes,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 73: argentum purum, Foedus ap. Gell. 6, 5:

argento circumcludere cornua,

Caes. B. G. 6, 28:

Concisum argentum in titulos faciesque minutas,

Juv. 14, 291:

quod usquam est Auri atque argenti,

id. 8, 123:

argentum et aurum,

Tac. G. 5; id. A. 2, 60, id. H. 4, 53; Vulg. Gen. 24, 35:

aurum argentumque,

Tac. H. 2. 82:

aurum et argentum,

Vulg. Gen. 13, 2.—

Meton.

Wrought silver, things made of silver; silver-plate, silver-work:

tu argentum eluito,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 29:

nec domus argento fulget auroque renidet,

Lucr. 2, 27; so,

ridet argento domus,

Hor. C. 4, 11, 6:

argenti quod erat solis fulgebat in armis,

Juv. 11, 109:

argentumque expositum in aedibus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15:

navis plena argenti facti atque signati,

full of wrought and stamped silver, id. ib. 2, 5, 25; so Liv. 34, 25 and 26:

argentum caelatum,

Cic. Verr. 4, 23, 52; id. Tusc. 5, 21, 61:

apponitur cena in argento puro et antiquo,

Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9:

argentum et marmor vetus aeraque et artīs Suspice,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 17; so id. ib. 1, 16, 76; 2, 2, 181; id. S. 1, 4, 28:

argenti vascula puri,

Juv. 9, 141; 10, 19:

vasa omnia ex argento,

Vulg. Num. 7, 85; ib. Act. 17, 29:

leve argentum,

Juv. 14, 62:

argentum paternum,

id. 6, 355:

argentum vetus,

id. 1, 76:

argentum mittere,

id. 12, 43:

Empturus pueros, argentum, murrina, villas,

id. 7, 133 et saep.—

Silver as weighed out for money, or money coined from silver, silver, silver money; and, as the most current coin, for money in gen.:

appendit pecuniam, quadringentos siclos argenti,

Vulg. Gen. 23, 16: Ratio quidem hercle adparet; argentum oichetai, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 15 sq. (quoted by Cic., Pis. 25 fin.):

expetere,

id. Cist. 4, 2, 73:

adnumerare,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 15; so id. Heaut. 4, 4, 15; id. Ad. 3, 3, 56; 4, 4, 20; 5, 9, 20 al.:

argenti sitis famesque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 23; id. S. 1, 1, 86:

quis audet Argento praeferre caput,

Juv. 12, 49:

tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

id. 9, 31:

hic modium argenti,

id. 3, 220:

venter Argenti gravis capax,

id. 11, 41:

Argentum et aurum non est mihi,

Vulg. Act. 3, 6; 20, 35 et saep.—

Argentum vivum, quicksilver, Plin. 33, 6, 32, § 100; Vitr. 7, 8, 1 sqq.; so,

argentum liquidum,

Isid. Orig. 16, 19, 2.