-
41 Nixus
1.nītor, nīsus and nixus ( inf. nitier, Lucr. 1, 1059; old form of the part. perf.: gnitus et gnixus a genibus prisci dixerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.), 3, v. dep. n. [from gnitor; root gnic- or gnig-; cf.: nico, conivere], to bear or rest upon something.I.Lit.(α).With abl.: ambae te obsecramus genibus nixae, we implore thee upon our knees, i. e. kneeling, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 33:(β).stirpibus suis niti,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:herbescens viriditas, quae nixa fibris stirpium sensim adulescit,
id. Sen. 15, 51:hastili nixus,
id. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:mulierculā nixus,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 86:juvenis, qui nititur hastā,
Verg. A. 6, 760:paribus nitens Cyllenius alis Constitit,
id. ib. 4, 252:nixus baculo,
Ov. P. 1, 8, 52.—With in and acc.:(γ).nixus in hastam,
Verg. A. 12, 398.—With de:(δ).de quā pariens arbore nixa dea est,
Ov. H. 21, 100.—With gen. of place:(ε).humi nitens,
Verg. A. 2, 380.—Absol.: Sisiphu' versat Saxum sudans nitendo, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:B.niti modo ac statim concidere,
to strive to rise, Sall. J. 101, 11.—Transf.1.To make one's way with an effort, to press forward, advance; and, with respect to the goal, to mount, climb, fly, etc. (mostly poet.):2.quaedam serpentes ortae extra aquam simul ac primum niti possunt, aquam persequuntur,
Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 124:nituntur gradibus,
Verg. A. 2, 442:in altas rupes,
Luc. 4, 37:ad sidera,
Verg. G. 2, 427:in aëra,
Ov. P. 2, 7, 27:in adversum,
id. M. 2, 72:sursum nitier,
Lucr. 1, 1059.—Of violent bodily motion:niti corporibus et ea huc illuc, quasi vitabundi aut jacientes tela agitare,
to struggle, Sall. J. 60, 4.—To strain in giving birth, to bring forth, Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 107 (al. eniti):3.nitor,
I am in labor, Ov. M. 9, 302; Pseud.-Ov. Her. 21, 100.—To strain for a stool, Suet. Vesp. 20.—II.Trop.A.To strive, to exert one's self, make an effort, labor, endeavor:2.moderatio modo virium adsit et tantum, quantum potest, quisque nitatur,
Cic. Sen. 10, 33; Nep. Att. 15, 2:nisurus contra regem,
Caes. B. C. 2, 37; Sall. C. 38, 2:pro aliquo,
Liv. 35, 10; cf.:pro libertate summā ope niti,
Sall. J. 31, 17:nitebantur, ne gravius in eum consuleretur,
Sall. J. 13, 8; cf.:unus Miltiades maxime nitebatur, ut, etc.,
Nep. Milt. 4, 2. — Inf.:summā vi Cirtam irrumpere nititur,
Sall. J. 25, 9:patriam recuperare niti,
Nep. Pelop. 2:ingenio nitor non periisse meo,
Ov. P. 3, 5, 34; id. M. 8, 694.— Absol., of soldiers hard pressed in battle:tamen virtute et patientia nitebantur atque omnia vulnera sustinebant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 45.—To strive after a thing:3.ad immortalitatem gloriae niti,
Cic. Sen. 23, 82:ad summa, Quint. prooem. § 20: in vetitum,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 17.—To try to prove, contend in argument, argue, with acc. and inf.:B.nitamur igitur nihil posse percipi,
Cic. Ac. 2, 21, 68.—To rest, rely, depend upon a thing.(α).With in and abl.:(β).nixus in nomine inani,
Lucr. 5, 909:conjectura in quā nititur divinatio,
Cic. Div. 2, 26, 55:ea, in quibus causa nititur,
id. Cael. 10, 25:cujus in vitā nitebatur salus civitatis,
id. Mil. 7, 19.—With abl.:(γ).spe niti,
Cic. Att. 3, 9, 2:consilio atque auctoritate alicujus,
id. Off. 1, 34, 122; id. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2:si quis hoc uno nititur quod sit ignobilis,
id. Clu. 40, 112.—With ubi:2.quo confugies? ubi nitere?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 155.—Hence, P. a., as subst., Nixus, i, m., only plur., Nixi, ōrum, m., three guardian deities of women in labor, the statues of whom, representing them in a kneeling posture, stood on the Capitol before the chapel of Minerva, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Müll.:magno Lucinam Nixosque patres clamore vocabam,
Ov. M. 9, 294.nĭtor, ōris, m. [niteo], brightness, splendor, lustre, sheen.I.Lit.:B.nitor exoriens aurorae,
Lucr. 4, 538:diurnus,
the daylight, Ov. H. 18, 78:herbarum viridis,
Lucr. 5, 783:argenti et auri,
Ov. P. 3, 4, 23:eboris,
Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 64:materiae,
of the wood, id. 16, 40, 79, § 215:speculi,
id. 11, 37, 64, § 170:gladii,
id. 2, 25, 22, § 89:nigerrimus gemmae,
id. 37, 10, 69, § 184:nitorem cutis facit sal,
id. 31, 7, 41, § 84.— Plur.:nitores splendoresque auri,
Gell. 2, 6, 4.—Transf.1.Sleekness, plumpness, good looks, beauty:2.nitor corporis,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 10:urit me Glycerae nitor,
Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:Liparei nitor Hebri,
id. ib. 3, 12, 6:nullus totā nitor in cute,
Juv. 9, 13.—Neatness, elegance, brilliancy of external appearance:3.si quem... aliquid offendit, si purpurae genus, si amicorum catervae, si splendor, si nitor,
Cic. Cael. 31, 77:habitus,
Juv. 3, 180:oppidum praecipui nitoris,
Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 85.—In gen., color, Lucr. 2, 819:II.ludis et externo tincta nitore caput,
Prop. 2, 14, 26 (3, 11, 2).—Trop., of speech, splendor, elegance, grace of style. —With gen.:B.adhibendus erit in eis explicandis quidam orationis nitor,
Cic. Or. 32, 115:domesticus eloquii,
Ov. P. 2, 2, 51:nitor et cultus descriptionum,
Tac. Or. 20:translationum,
Quint. 12, 10, 36.— Absol.:sublimitas et magnificentia et nitor,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:eruditione ac nitore praestare,
id. 10, 1, 98:scripsit non sine cultu ac nitore,
id. 10, 1, 124.—Of character, dignity, excellence:generis,
Ov. P. 2, 9, 17; splendid liberality, Stat. S. 3, 3, 149. -
42 agō
agō ēgī, āctus (old inf pass. agier), ere [1 AG-], to put in motion, move, lead, drive, tend, conduct: bos Romam acta, L.: capellas, V.: pecus visere montīs, H.: ante se Thyum, N.: in exsilium, L.: Iris nubibus acta, borne on, V.: alqm in crucem, to crucify: Illum aget Fama, will carry, H.: quo hinc te agis? whither are you going? T.: se primus agebat, strode in front, V.: capellas potum, V.—Prov.: agas asellum, i. e. if you can't afford an ox, drive an ass. — Pass., to go, march: quo multitudo agebatur, L.: citius agi vellet agmen, march on quicker, L.: raptim agmine acto, L.— Esp., to drive away, carry off, steal, rob, plunder: pecoris praedas, S.; freq. with ferre, to rob, plunder: ferre agere plebem plebisque res, L.: res sociorum ferri agique vidit, L.—To chase, pursue, hunt: apros, V.: cervum, V. — Fig.: dum haec crimina agam ostiatim, track out from house to house: ceteros ruerem, agerem, T.: palantīs Troas, V.—To move, press, push forward, advance, bring up: multa undique portari atque agi, Cs.: vineis ad oppidum actis, pushed forward, Cs.: moles, Cu.: cloaca maxima sub terram agenda, to be carried under ground, L.: cuniculos ad aerarium, drive: per glaebas radicibus actis, O.: pluma in cutem radices egerit, struck deep root, O.: vera gloria radices agit: tellus Fissa agit rimas, opens in fissures, O.: in litus navīs, beached, L.: navem, to steer, H.: currūs, to drive, O.: per agmen limitem ferro, V.: vias, make way, V.: (sol) amicum Tempus agens, bringing the welcome hour (of sunset), H.—To throw out, stir up: spumas ore, V.: spumas in ore: se laetus ad auras Palmes agit, shoots up into the air, V.—Animam agere, to expire: nam et agere animam et efflare dicimus; cf. et gestum et animam ageres, i. e. exert yourself in gesturing and risk your life. — Fig., to lead, direct, guide: (poëmata), animum auditoris, H.— To move, impel, excite, urge, prompt, induce, rouse, drive: quae te Mens agit in facinus? O.: ad illa te, H.: eum praecipitem: viros spe praedae diversos agit, leads astray, S.: bonitas, quae nullis casibus agitur, N.: quemcunque inscitia veri Caecum agit, blinds, H.: quibus actus fatis, V.: seu te discus agit, occupies, H.: nos exquirere terras, V.: desertas quaerere terras agimur, V. — To pursue for harm, persecute, disturb, vex, attack, assail: reginam stimulis, V.: agentia verba Lycamben, H.: diris agam vos, H.: quam deus ultor agebat, O.—To pursue, carry on, think, reflect, deliberate, treat, represent, exhibit, exercise, practise, act, perform, deliver, pronounce: nihil, to be idle: omnia per nos, in person: agendi tempus, a time for action: industria in agendo: apud primos agebat, fought in the van, S.: quae continua bella agimus, are busy with, L.: (pes) natus rebus agendis, the metre appropriate to dramatic action, H.: Quid nunc agimus? what shall we do now? T.: quid agam, habeo, i. e. I know what to do, T.: quid agitur? how are you? T.: quid agis, dulcissime rerum? i. e. how are you? H.: vereor, quid agat Ino, what is to become of: quid agis? what do you mean? nihil agis, it is of no use, T.: nihil agis, dolor, quamvis, etc.: cupis abire, sed nihil agis, usque tenebo, you cannot succeed, H.: ubi blanditiis agitur nihil, O.—Esp., hoc or id agere, to give attention to, mind, heed: hocine agis, an non? are you attending? T.: id quod et agunt et moliuntur, their purpose and aim: qui id egerunt, ut gentem conlocarent, etc., aimed at this: sin autem id actum est, ut, etc., if it was their aim: summā vi agendum esse, ut, etc., L.: certiorem eum fecit, id agi, ut pons dissolveretur, it was planned, N.: Hoc age, ne, etc., take care, H.: alias res agis, you are not listening, T.: aliud agens ac nihil eius modi cogitans, bent on other plans: animadverti eum alias res agere, paid no attention: vides, quam alias res agamus, are otherwise occupied: populum aliud nunc agere, i. e. are indifferent.—To perform, do, transact: ne quid negligenter: suum negotium, attend to his own business: neque satis constabat, quid agerent, what they were at, Cs.: agentibus divina humanaque consulibus, busy with auspices and affairs, L.: per litteras agere, quae cogitas, carry on, N.: (bellum) cum feminis, Cu.: conventum, to hold an assize: ad conventūs agendos, to preside at, Cs.: census actus eo anno, taken, L.— Of public transactions, to manage, transact, do, discuss, speak, deliberate: quae (res) inter eos agi coeptae, negotiations begun, Cs.: de condicionibus pacis, treat, L.: quorum de poenā agebatur, L.— Hence, agere cum populo, of magistrates, to address the people on a law or measure (cf. agere ad populum, to propose, bring before the people): cum populo de re p.—Of a speaker or writer, to treat, discuss, narrate: id quod agas, your subject: bella per quartum iam volumen, L.: haec dum agit, during this speech, H.—In law, to plead, prosecute, advocate: lege agito, go to law, T.: causam apud iudices: aliter causam agi, to be argued on other grounds: cum de bonis et de caede agatur, in a cause relating to, etc.: tamquam ex syngraphā agere cum populo, to litigate: ex sponso egit: agere lege in hereditatem, sue for: crimen, to press an accusation: partis lenitatis et misericordiae, to plead the cause of mercy: ii per quos agitur, the counsel: causas, i. e. to practise law: me agente, while I am counsel: ii apud quos agitur, the judges; hence, of a judge: rem agere, to hear: reos, to prosecute, L.: alqm furti, to accuse of theft. —Pass., to be in suit, be in question, be at stake: non capitis eius res agitur, sed pecuniae, T.: aguntur iniuriae sociorum, agitur vis legum.—To represent, act, perform, of an orator: cum dignitate.—Of an actor: fabulam, T.: partīs, to assume a part, T.: Ballionem, the character of: gestum agere in scena, appear as actors: canticum, L. — Fig.: lenem mitemque senatorem, act the part of, L.: noluit hodie agere Roscius: cum egerunt, when they have finished acting: triumphum, to triumph, O.: de classe populi R. triumphum, over, etc.: ex Volscis et ex Etruriā, over, etc., L.: noctu vigilias, keep watch: alta silentia, to be buried in silence, O.: arbitria victoriae, to exercise a conqueror's prerogative, Cu.: paenitentiam, to repent, Cu.: oblivia, to forget, O.: gratias (poet. grates) agere, to give thanks, thank: maximas tibi gratias: alcui gratias quod fecisset, etc., Cs.: grates parenti, O. — Of time, to spend, pass, use, live through: cum dis aevom: securum aevom, H.: dies festos, celebrate: ruri vitam, L.: otia, V.: quartum annum ago et octogesimum, in my eightyfourth year: ver magnus agebat orbis, was experiencing, V.— Pass: mensis agitur hic septimus, postquam, etc., going on seven months since, T.: bene acta vita, well spent: tunc principium anni agebatur, L.: melior pars acta (est) diei, is past, V. — Absol, to live, pass time, be: civitas laeta agere, rejoiced, S.—Meton., to treat, deal, confer, talk with: quae (patria) tecum sic agit, pleads: haec inter se dubiis de rebus, V.: Callias quidam egit cum Cimone, ut, etc., tried to persuade C., N.: agere varie, rogando alternis suadendoque coepit, L.—With bene, praeclare, male, etc., to deal well or ill with, treat or use well or ill: praeclare cum eis: facile est bene agere cum eis.— Pass impers., to go well or ill with one, be well or badly off: intelleget secum esse actum pessime: in quibus praeclare agitur, si, etc., who are well off, if, etc.—Poet.: Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur, will be treated, V.— Pass, to be at stake, be at hazard, be concerned, be in peril: quasi mea res minor agatur quam tua, T.: in quibus eorum caput agatur: ibi rem frumentariam agi cernentes, L.: si sua res ageretur, if his interests were involved: agitur pars tertia mundi, is at risk, O.: non agitur de vectigalibus, S.—Praegn., to finish, complete, only pass: actā re ad fidem pronius est, after it is done, L.: iucundi acti labores, past: ad impediendam rem actam, an accomplished fact, L.— Prov.: actum, aiunt, ne agas, i. e. don't waste your efforts, T.: acta agimus: Actum est, it is all over, all is lost, T.: iam de Servio actum rati, L.: acta haec res est, is lost, T.: tantā mobilitate sese Numidae agunt, behave, S.: ferocius agunt equites, L.: quod nullo studio agebant, because they were careless, Cs.: cum simulatione agi timoris iubet, Cs.—Imper. as interj, come now, well, up: age, da veniam filio, T.: en age, rumpe moras, V.: agite dum, L.: age porro, tu, cur, etc.? age vero, considerate, etc.: age, age, iam ducat: dabo, good, T.: age, sit ita factum.* * *agere, egi, actus Vdrive, urge, conduct; spend (time w/cum); thank (w/gratias); deliver (speech) -
43 pēs
pēs pedis, m [PED-], a foot: nudus, T.: pedibus aeger, S.: si pes condoluit: pede tellurem pulsare, i. e. dance, H.: cycnum pedibus uncis Sustulit, talons, V.: pedum digiti, toes, O.: numquam huc tetulissem pedem, would have come hither, T.: Nusquam pedem (sc. feram), I won't stir a step, T.: pedem ferre, go, V.: si in fundo pedem posuisses, set foot: profugum referre pedem, return, O.: magis pedem conferre, come to closer quarters: ut prope conlato pede gereretur res, almost hand to hand, L.: votis malignum Opponit nostris pedem, sets her foot against (of Fortune), O.: retrahitque pedem simul unda relabens, V.: ego me in pedes (dedi), took to my heels, T.— Abl plur. (rarely sing.), of motion, afoot, on foot, marching, walking: pedibus vincere, in running, O.: cum ingressus iter pedibus sit: pedibus compensari pecuniam, i. e. the long walk to the property makes up for its cheapness: ut omnes pedibus mererent, serve as infantry, L.: cum illud iter pedibus confici soleat, by land: quod flumen pedibus transiri potest, be forded, Cs.: in quam sententiam cum pedibus iretur, i. e. when a division was taken on this question, L.: cum omnes in sententiam eius pedibus irent, voted for his resolution, L.: Quo bene coepisti, sic pede semper eas, O.: tua dexter adi pede sacra secundo, expressive of favor, V.: Ripa felici tacta sit pede, propitious, O.: quid tam dextro pede concipis, etc., auspiciously (the right foot being associated with good omens), Iu.— Acc plur. with ad: ad pedes descensum ab Romanis est, the Romans dismounted, L.: magnā ex parte ad pedes pugna venerat, mainly an infantry fight, L.: ad pedes omnium singillatim accidente Clodio, supplicating each: vos ad pedes lenonis proiecistis: cui cum se maesta turba ad pedes provolvisset, L.— In expression of subjection or inferiority: servus a pedibus, footman: Omnia sub pedibus vertique regique, under their sway, V.: duas urbīs sub pedibus tuis relinquemus, L.: Sub pedibus timor est, is spurned, O.—In the phrase, pedibus trahi, to be dragged by the heels, go to the dogs: trahantur per me pedibus omnes rei.—In the phrase, ante pedes, before the feet, in plain view, evident: quod ante pedes est, Videre, T.: eos ante pedes suos iugulari coëgit.—In phrases with caput: tuas res ita contractas, ut nec caput nec pedes (habeant), i. e. neither beginning nor end: ut nec pes nec caput uni Reddatur formae, i. e. the several parts, H.—In the phrase, manibus pedibus, with might and main: Conari manibus pedibus noctīsque et dies, T.—Meton., of a couch or table, a foot, leg, prop: Lectuli pedes, T.: mensae, O.: grabati, a handle, Ct.—In navigation, a sheet, sail-rope: pede labitur aequo, i. e. before the wind, O.: pedibus aequis: unā omnes fecere pedem, i. e. let out the sheet, V.—In verse, a foot: herous: pedibus claudere verba, to make verses, H.: Musa per undenos emodulanda pedes, in hexameters and pentameters, O.: extremum seu trahat pedem, i. e. limps (of the choliambus), O.— A kind of verse, measure: Et pede, quo debent acria bella geri, O.: Lesbius, H. —As a measure, a foot: intervallum pedum duorum, Cs.: pedem discessisse: pede suo se metiri, by his own foot-rule, i. e. by his own abilities, H.* * * -
44 aura
aura, ae ( gen. sing. aurāï, Verg. A. 6, 747; v. Neue, Formenl. I. p. 11; also, auras, like familias, custodias, terras, etc.; Servius gives this in Verg. A. 11, 801; still all the MSS. give aurae, and so Rib.), f., = aura [AÔ, auô, to blow].I.The air, as in gentle motion, a gentle breeze, a breath of air (syn.:II.aër, ventus, spiritus): agitatus aër auram facit,
Isid. Orig. 13, 11, 17: semper aër spiritu aliquo movetur;frequentius tamen auras quam ventos habet,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 5:flatus, qui non aura, non procella, sed venti sunt,
Plin. 2, 45, 45, § 116:et me... nunc omnes terrent aurae,
now every breeze terrifies me, Verg. A. 2, 728:Concutiat tenerum quaelibet aura,
Ov. A. A. 2, 650.— Hence,Transf.A.In gen., a breeze, a wind (even when violent):B.Et reserata viget genitabilis aura Favoni,
Lucr. 1, 11; cf.: Aura parit flores tepidi fecunda Favoni. Cat. 64, 282:omnes, Aspice, ventosi ceciderunt murmuris aurae,
Verg. E. 9, 58:aurae Vela vocant,
id. A. 3, 356:aura post meridiem,
Vulg. Gen. 3, 8:aura tenuis,
ib. 3 Reg. 19, 12:lenis, ib. Job, 4, 16: petulans,
Lucr. 6, 111:ignarae,
brutish, Cat. 64, 164, ubi v. Ellis:rapida,
Ov. M. 3, 209:stridens,
Val. Fl. 2, 586:violentior,
Stat. Th. 6, 157:aurae flatus,
Vulg. Act. 27, 40:omnes eos tollet aura,
ib. Isa. 57, 13 et saep.—Also breath:flammas exsuscitat aura,
Ov. F. 5, 507.—Trop.: dum flavit velis aura secunda meis, while a favorable breeze breathed on my sails, i. e. so long as I was in prosperity, Ov. P. 2, 3, 26:C.totam opinionem parva non numquam commutat aura rumoris,
Cic. Mur. 17:tenuis famae aura,
Verg. A. 7, 646:quem neque periculi tempestas neque honoris aura potuit umquam de suo cursu aut spe aut metu demovere,
Cic. Sest. 47 fin.:levi aurā spei objectā,
Liv. 42, 39, 1:sperat sibi auram posse aliquam adflari in hoc crimine voluntatis defensionisque eorum, quibus, etc.,
token of favor, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13:nescius aurae (sc. amoris) Fallacis,
Hor. C. 1, 5, 11:incerta Cupidinis aura,
Ov. Am. 2, 9, 33.—Hence freq. aura popularis, the popular breeze, popular favor, Cic. Har. Resp. 20 fin.; Liv. 3, 33, 7; 30, 45, 6 al.; Hor. C. 3, 2, 20; Quint. 11, 1, 45 (cf.:ventus popularis,
Cic. Clu. 47, 130); so,aura favoris popularis,
Liv. 22, 26, 4.—Also in plur.:nimium gaudens popularibus auris,
Verg. A. 6, 816; and absol.:adliciendo ad se plebem jam aurā non consilio ferri,
Liv. 6, 11, 7.—1.. The air (mostly poet. and plur.):2.cum Nubila portabunt venti transversa per auras,
Lucr. 6, 190:Tenvis enim quaedam moribundos deserit aura,
id. 3, 232:Aurarumque leves animae calidique vapores,
id. 5, 236:(anima) discedit in auras,
id. 3, 400; 6, 1129 et saep.—Hence, aurae aëris or aëriae aurae freq. in Lucr.: (res) Aëris in teneras possint proferrier auras, 1, 207; 1, 783; 1, 801; 1, 803; 1, 1087; 2, 203; 3, 456; 3, 570; 3, 591;4, 693: liquidissimus aether Atque levissimus aërias super influit auras,
id. 5, 501; 1, 771; 4, 933:Nulla nec aërias volucris perlabitur auras,
Tib. 4, 1, 127:Qui tamen aërias telum contorsit in auras,
Verg. A. 5, 520.—Esp., the vital air:3.Vivit et aetherias vitalīs suscipit auras,
breathes a breath of ethereal air, Lucr. 3, 405;imitated by Verg.: haud invisus caelestibus auras Vitales carpis, A. 1, 387: vesci vitalibus auris, i. e. vivere,
Lucr. 5, 857; imitated by Verg., A. 1, 546, and 3, 339; so,haurire auram communem,
Quint. 6, prooem. §12: captare naribus auras,
to snuff the air, Verg. G. 1, 376.— Trop.: libertatis auram captare, to catch at the air of freedom, i. e. to seize upon any hope of liberty, Liv 3, 37, 1.—Meton.a.The upper air, Heaven, on high:b.assurgere in auras,
Verg. G. 3, 109; so id. A. 4, 176:dum se laetus ad auras Palmes agit,
id. G. 2, 363:ad auras Aetherias tendit,
id. ib. 2, 291; so id. A. 4, 445: stat ferrea turris ad auras, poet. for ad alta, rises high, id. ib. 6, 554: Sorbet in abruptum fluctus, rursusque sub auras Erigit alternos, id. ib. 3, 422; 7, 466; 2, 759; 5, 427 al.; cf. Wagner, Quaest. Verg. X. 1.—In opp. to the lower world, the upper world (cf. aether, I. B. 3.):D.Eurydice superas veniebat ad auras,
Verg. G. 4, 486; so id. A. 6, 128:Ortygiam, quae me superas eduxit prima sub auras,
Ov. M. 5, 641; 10, 11 (cf. Verg. A. 6, 481: ad superos);so of childbirth: pondus in auras expulit,
Ov. M. 9, 704.—In gen. for publicity, daylight:ferre sub auras,
i. e. to make known, Verg. A. 2, 158:reddere ad auras,
to restore, id. ib. 2, 259: fugere auras, to seclude or hide one ' s self, id. ib. 4, 388.—Transf. to other atmospheric objects which exert an influence on bodies, as light, heat, sound, vapor, etc.1.A bright light, a gleam, glittering (cf. phaeos aütmê, Callim. Hymn. Dian. 117):2.discolor unde auri per ramos aura refulsit,
Verg. A. 6, 204 (splendor auri, Serv.).—The warmth of sunlight: solis calidior visa est aura, Varr. ap. Non. p. 275, 25.—3.Sound, tone, voice, echo:4.Si modo damnatum revocaverit aura puellae,
Prop. 3, 23, 15:at illi Nomen ab extremis fontibus aura refert,
id. 1, 20, 50.—Vapor, mist, odor, exhalation:inolentis olivi Naturam, nullam quae mittat naribus auram,
Lucr. 2, 851:at illi Dulcis compositis spiravit crinibus aura,
a sweet odor exhaled, Verg. G. 4, 417; so Mart. 3, 65; Val. Fl. 5, 589; cf. Heins. ad Ov. M. 15, 394:si tantum notas odor attulit auras,
Verg. G. 3, 251:pingues ab ovilibus aurae,
Stat. Th. 10, 46. -
45 momentum
mōmentum, i, n. [for movimentum, from moveo], a movement, motion (as an indwelling force; cf.: motio, motus; class.).I.Lit.:II.astra forma ipsa figuraque sua momenta sustentant,
Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 117:pisces levi caudae in utrumque momento velocitatem suam flectunt,
Sen. Ep. 90, 24:utque leves tactus momentaque parva sequantur,
Ov. M. 4, 180.—Transf.A.An alteration, change, disturbance, movement, revolution:B.cetera populi Romani vectigalia, perlevi saepe momento fortunae, inclinatione temporis pendere,
Cic. Agr. 2, 29, 80:nullum momentum annonae facere,
to effect no alteration in the price of corn, Liv. 4, 12:animi,
id. 39, 5:provincias magnis momentis concusserat,
Vell. 2, 78, 1:sine momento rerum, partisque ruinā cadere,
Luc. 7, 118.—A particle sufficient to turn the scales:b.momentum staterae,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 15; id. Sap. 11, 23; hence, a particle, a part, a point:myrrhae momentum,
Plin. 30, 10, 27, § 87:quibus (regnis) pro ignobili momento erat accessura Macedonia,
a make-weight, Just. 7, 3, 1:sol cotidie ex alio caeli momento, quam pridie, oritur,
a point, part, Plin. 18, 34, 77, § 333:corpus orationis in parva momenta diducendo consumere,
Quint. 3, 11, 23; to lose the main subject in minute divisions:ordo rerum tribus momentis consertus est,
id. 5, 10, 71:officiorum,
parts, Cic. Mur. 2, 3. —In partic.(α).Of time, a short time, brief space, moment (syn. punctum):(β).parvis momentis multa natura affingit,
instants, moments, Cic. Div. 1, 52, 118:momentis certis dimensis,
at certain fixed times, Plin. Ep. 4, 30, 3:non cunctandum ratus Hannibal, totis viribus adgressus urbem momento cepit,
Liv. 21, 14, 3:momento temporis,
in a moment, id. 21, 33; 35, 11, 13:momento horae,
in quick lapse of time, Hor. S. 1, 1, 7; cf.:momento unius horae,
Curt. 9, 6, 21:horae momento,
Liv. 5, 7, 3; 9, 16:Maecenati triennio supremo nullo horae momento contigit somnus,
could not sleep a single hour, Plin. 7, 51, 52, § 172:brevi horarum momento,
in a few hours, Just. 2, 14, 9:ut momentum horae pereat,
that a short hour be lost, Phaedr. 3 prol. 5:momento fit cinis diu silva,
in a moment, Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 3:in momento, in ictu oculi,
Vulg. 1 Cor. 15, 52:in momento indignationis,
id. Isa. 54, 8:pruna stomacho non utilissima, sed brevi momento,
are hurtful, but only for a short time, Plin. 23, 7, 66, § 132:quantum quoquo momento temporis adiciatur,
Gai. Inst. 2, 70:hoc fit dicis gratia uno momento,
id. ib. 1, 141.—Transf., of space, distance, a little way:2.parvo momento antecedere,
Caes. B. C. 2, 6:visūs nostri tarditas non subsequitur momenta currentis (sc. stellae), sed videt simul et unde exsilierit et quo pervenerit,
does not trace the successive points of its course, but sees the whole at once, Sen. Q. N. 1, 14, 4.—Trop., a cause, a circumstance; weight, influence, importance, moment:minimis momentis maximae inclinationes temporum fiunt,
from the slightest causes spring the greatest changes, Cic. Phil. 5, 10, 26:momenta omnia observare,
all the circumstances, id. Fam. 6, 10, 5:unamquamque rem momento suo ponderare,
according to its importance, id. Font. 6, 21; cf.:ut omnia verborum momentis, non rerum ponderibus examinet,
id. Rep. 3, 8, 12:ita parvae res magnum in utramque partem momentum habuerunt,
influence, Caes. B. C. 3, 70:quorum adventus hoc tamen momenti fecit, ut Scipio abscederet inde, etc.,
Liv. 29, 35:nullum momentum in dando adimendoque regno habere,
no decisive influence, id. 1, 47, 6:momenti aliquid apud Magnetas ad repetendam societatem Romanam facere,
id. 35, 39, 3:cave quidquam habeat momenti gratia,
weight, influence, Cic. Mur. 30, 62:magno ad persuadendum momento esse,
id. Inv. 2, 26, 77:potentia,
motives, Ov. M. 11, 285:Leonis (sideris),
influence, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 16:praebe nostrae momenta saluti,
promote, Ov. P. 4, 13, 49:erant octo cohortes... tum discordiā temporum a legione digressae, prout inclinassent, grande momentum sociae aut adversae,
Tac. H. 1, 59:levi momento aestimare aliquid,
to consider of little moment, to prize lightly, Caes. B. G. 7, 39:nullius momenti aliquid putare,
of no moment, unimportant, Cic. Vatin. 1, 1: nullius momenti apud exercitum futurum, Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:quod (oppidum) per se parvum magni momenti locum obtinuit,
Tac. H. 3, 8:id est maximi momenti et ponderis,
of the greatest moment, Cic. Vatin. 4, 19:exponunt, se tentāsse etiam haud magni momenti finitimarum gentium auxilia,
Liv. 10, 16, 5:sed in bello nihil tam leve est, quod non magnae interdum rei momentum faciat,
id. 25, 18, 3; 28, 17, 10; 27, 45, 5:inpensam in rem maximi ad omnia momenti facere,
id. 43, 23, 8:nullā in re nisi in virtute propensionem ne minimi quidem momenti esse ad, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 4, 17, 47:omnino nihil habere momenti,
id. ib. 2, 12, 38. -
46 silentium
sĭlentĭum, ii, n. [sileo].I.Lit.A.In gen., a being still or silent, noiselessness, stillness, silence (freq. and class.; cf.B.taciturnitas): otium et silentium est, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 35: et ipse conticuit et ceteris silentium fuit,
Cic. de Or. 3, 35, 143; cf. id. ib. 1, 35, 160; id. Rep. 2, 38, 64:auditus est magno silentio,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:silentio auditus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19, 3:huic facietis Fabulae silentium,
Plaut. Am. prol. 15:fac silentium,
id. Pers. 4, 3, 50; cf. Cic. Div. 1, 28, 59:nec longa silentia feci,
kept silence, Ov. F. 1, 183: silentio facto, silence being obtained, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 10; Liv. 24, 7 fin.; Petr. 14 fin.; Quint. 2, 5, 6 al.; also with the signif. to make or procure silence:Fabius cum silentium classico fecisset,
Liv. 2, 45; Tac. H. 3, 20; Curt. 10, 6, 3; Phaedr. 5, 5, 15:facere silentia majestate manūs,
Pers. 4, 7:tribuni plebis, cum inviti silentium tenuissent,
Liv. 5, 9, 4; so,tenere silentium,
id. 1, 16, 2; 1, 28, 8; 9, 38, 14:silentium obtinere,
id. 1, 16, 2; cf.:obstinatum silentium obtinuit,
id. 9, 38, 14:tenuere silentia cuncti,
Ov. M. 1, 206:se silentium fieri jussisse,
Cic. Div. 1, 28, 59; Luc. 1, 298:silentium imperare,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 7; Tac. G. 11:silentium significare,
to give a signal for silence, Cic. Brut. 84, 290:cum silentio animadvertite,
Ter. Eun. prol. 44:Athenienses cum silentio auditi sunt,
Liv. 38, 10, 4:cum silentio ad aliquem convenire,
id. 7, 35, 1; so,cum silentio,
id. 25, 9, 15:agere per silentium,
Ter. Heaut. prol. 36; cf. id. Hec. prol. alt. 21; id. Phorm. prol. 30:per silentium noctis,
Liv. 3, 42, 3; Tac. A. 4, 53; id. Agr. 3:ego illas omnes res egi silentio,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 12, 29; cf.:ut nulla fere pars orationis silentio praeteriretur,
in silence, without applause, id. Brut. 22, 88;more freq.: praeterire silentio,
to pass over in silence, to say nothing about, id. Sull. 21, 62; id. Part. Or. 23, 82; id. Phil. 13, 6 Orell. N. cr.; Plin. Ep. 5, 20, 6;for which: silentio transire,
Cic. Att. 2, 19, 3; Quint. 2, 3, 1; 5, 12, 23:periculosissimum locum silentio sum praetervectus,
Cic. Phil. 7, 3, 8:transmittere aliquem,
Tac. A. 1, 13 fin. al.; cf.:cum M. Tullius de omnibus (oratoribus) aetatis suae silentium egerit,
keeps silence, is silent, Quint. 10, 1, 38:tenere se intra silentium,
Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 8; 7, 6, 6:de Partho silentium est,
nothing is said, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4:ut laudem eorum a silentio vindicarem,
i. e. obscurity, id. de Or. 2, 2, 7; Sen. Ep. 21, 5; Plin. Ep. 9, 14, 1:gravissimas plagas ferre silentio,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 20, 46:quam maximum silentium haberi jubet,
Sall. J. 99, 1:lacrimae omnibus obortae, et diu maestum silentium tenuit,
prevailed, Liv. 40, 8, 20.— Poet.: fer opem furtoque silentia deme, remove silence from, i. e. tell of, disclose, Ov. M. 2, 700.—Of the stillness, silence, dead of night:silentio noctis Caesar ex castris egressus,
Caes. B. G. 7, 36:in silentio noctis,
id. ib. 7, 26; cf.:se vocem noctis silentio audisse clariorem humanā,
Liv. 5, 32:paulo ante mediam noctem silentio ex oppido egressi,
Caes. B. G. 7, 11; cf. id. ib. 7, 18; 7, 60; Liv. 8, 23, 9, 38.— Poet., in plur.:silentia noctis,
Lucr. 4, 461; Stat. Th. 1, 441:quid me alta silentia cogis Rumpere,
Verg. A. 10, 63; Ov. M. 7, 184:taciturna silentia,
Lucr. 4, 585:torquent illum furibunda silentia,
Stat. Th. 10, 890.— The stillness, quietness of the fields:nactus silentia ruris,
Ov. M. 1, 232; cf.:vidit desolatas agere alta silentia terras,
id. ib. 1, 349.—Of wood that makes no noise, does not snap, Plin. 16, 16, 28, § 70.—In partic., in augural lang., freedom from disturbance; hence, faultlessness, perfectness in the taking of auspices:II.id silentium dicimus in auspiciis, quod omni vitio caret, etc.,
Cic. Div. 2, 34, 71; cf. Fest. p. 348 Müll.; s. v. sinistrum, p. 351 ib.; and v. Becker, Antiq. vol. 2, pars 3, p. 76 sq.—Transf., a standstill (opp. to motion or activity); cessation, repose, inaction, tranquillity, etc. (rare but class.): mundus caeli vastus constitit silentio, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 2 med.:silentium perpetuum judiciorum ac fori,
Cic. Pis. 14, 32; cf. Tac. Agr. 39:vitam silentio transire,
Sall. C. 1, 1:silentium otiumque inter armatos,
Liv. 2, 45: biduum deinde silentium [p. 1699] fuit neutris transgredientibus amnem, id. 37, 38:idem praeturae tenor et silentium,
Tac. Agr. 6:quantum distant a morte silentia vitae?
Sil. 3, 145. -
47 aura
aura ae （āī, V.), f, αὔρα, the air (in motion), a breeze, breath of air, wind, blast: me... omnes terrent aurae, V.: ventosi murmuris aurae, V.: rapida, O.: flammas exsuscitat aura, the breath, O. —Fig., a breath of air, wind: rumoris: famae, V.: spei, L.: voluntatis defensionisque, influence: fallax, i. e. the fickle wind of favor, H.: popularis, popular favor, C., L., H.: aura favoris popularis, L.: gaudens popularibus auris, V.: aurā, non consilio ferri, the favor of the mob, L.: divinae particula aurae, i. e. the soul, H.—The air, atmosphere, vital air (poet.): auras Vitales carpis, V.: vesci aurā Aetheriā, to live, V.: captare naribus auras, to snuff the air, V.: libertatis auram captare, a hope, L.—Height, heaven, the upper air: adsurgere in auras, V.: telum contorsit in auras, upwards, V.: stat ferrea turris ad auras (poet. for ad alta), rises, V. — The upper world: Eurydice superas veniebat ad auras, V.: pondus ad auras Expulit, i. e. was delivered of, O.—Daylight, publicity: omnia ferre sub auras, to make known, V.: fugere auras, to hide, V.—An odor, exhalation: illi Dulcis compositis spiravit crinibus aura, V.: unde auri aura refulsit, splendor, V.* * *breeze, breath (of air), wind; gleam; odor, stench; vapor; air (pl.), heaven -
48 complector or conplector
complector or conplector plexus, ī, dep. [PARC-, PLEC-], to clasp, embrace, grasp: mulierem, T.: patrem: nepotes, V.: dextram euntis, V.: pedes, V.: membra lacertis, O.: inter nos: inter se, L.: Te comitem, V. — To grasp, clasp, seize, encircle, surround, compass, enclose: (vitis) claviculis quicquid est nacta complectitur: amaracus illum Floribus conplectitur, V.: spatium, to include (in fortifications), Cs.: Ruris quantum aratro Conplecti posses, i. e. plough around, O.: quoad stans complecti posset, grapple, N.: dextrā hostem, V.—Fig., of sleep, to seize upon, enfold: sopor complectitur artūs, V.: me somnus.—To grasp mentally, comprehend, understand: animum cogitatione: alqd: animo: cum conplector animo, reperio, etc.: genus iudiciorum: formam animi, to consider, Ta. — To comprise, express, describe, represent, explain, include, sum up, comprehend: facta oratione: hoc uno complector omnia: causas ipsā sententiā, sum up in the motion itself.— Poet.: est talīs complexa preces, summed up her wishes in, O. — In philos., to draw a conclusion, make an inference, C.—To embrace, value, honor, care for: eum beneficio: te benevolentiā: caritate civīs, L.: cunctam rem p. res tuae gestae complexae sunt, have extended to.—To embrace, include: omnīs omnium caritates patria una complexa est: quo uno maleficio scelera omnia complexa esse videantur.—To seize, lay hold of, take possession of: (philosophiae) vis cum est idoneam complexa naturam. -
49 effero
1.ef-fĕro or ecfĕro (cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 766), extŭli, ēlatum, efferre or ecferre, v. a., to bring or carry out, to bring forth (very freq. and class.).I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.ex navi,
Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 82; cf.tela, etc., ex aedibus Cethegi,
Cic. Cat. 3, 3 fin.:argentum jubeo jam intus efferri foras,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 62; cf. id. ib. 4, 9, 127; id. Most. 2, 1, 58; id. Mil. 4, 8, 4:argentum ad aliquem,
id. Epid. 5, 1, 27; id. Truc. 3, 1, 16:machaeram huc,
id. Mil. 2, 5, 53; cf. id. Stich. 2, 2, 28:puerum extra aedes usquam,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 48:cistellam domo,
id. Eun. 4, 6, 15; cf.:cibaria sibi quemque domo,
Caes. B. G. 1, 5, 3:frumentum ab Ilerda,
id. B. C. 1, 78, 1:piscem de custodia,
Col. 8, 17 fin.:litteras,
Caes. B. G. 5, 45, 4:mucronem,
Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 2; cf.:vexilla, signa, arma (e castris, extra fines, etc.),
Liv. 10, 19; 27, 2; 29, 21; Tac. H. 3, 31 al.:ferrum a latere deripuit, elatumque deferebat in pectus,
id. A. 1, 35 fin.: Colchis pedem, Enn. ap. Non. 297, 20; so,pedem,
Verg. A. 2, 657; cf.pedem aedibus,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 19:pedem portā,
Cic. Att. 6, 8, 5; 7, 2, 6; Suet. Tib. 38:pedem quoquam,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 97:se hinc (ignis),
Lucr. 6, 89 and 385:se vallo (equus),
Tac. A. 15, 7:Furium longius extulit cursus,
Liv. 3, 5; cf.:Messium impetus per hostes extulit,
id. 4, 29.—In partic.1.Like the Gr. ekpherô, to carry out (of the house) for burial, to bear to the grave, to bury (cf.: cremo, humo, sepelio, prosequor): optumum'st Loces illum efferendum;b.nam jam credo mortuus est,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 32; id. Most. 4, 3, 8 sqq.; Ter. And. 1, 1, 90 Don. and Ruhnk.; 1, 1, 101; Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 80; Nep. Att. 17; Liv. 2, 33; 3, 18 fin.; Quint. 8, 5, 21; Suet. Aug. 99; Hor. S. 2, 5, 85; Vulg. Luc. 7, 12.—Transf.: meo unius funere elata populi Romani esset res publica, carried to burial, i. e. overthrown, destroyed, Liv. 28, 28; 24, 22; 31, 29.—2.Of a fruit-bearing soil, to bring forth, bear, produce:b.id, quod agri efferant,
Cic. Rep. 2, 4 fin.; id. Brut. 4, 16; cf. also id. Verr. 2, 3, 47 fin.; 86 al.—Transf.:3.ea, quae efferant aliquid ex sese, perfectiores habere naturas quam, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 33 fin.; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 109; poet.:(Italia) genus acre virum,
Verg. G. 2, 169.—Of motion in an upward direction (cf.: erigo and educo, II. B. 1.), to lift up, elevate, raise, exalt, Lucil. ap. Non. 297, 25:II.aliquem in murum,
Caes. B. G. 7, 47 fin.:pars operis in altitudinem turris elata,
id. B. C. 2, 8 fin.; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 103; and Suet. Calig. 32:corvus e conspectu elatus,
Liv. 7, 26:pulvis elatus,
id. 4, 33:elata super capita scuta,
Tac. H. 3, 27: jubar (luna), Petron. Poët. 89, 2, 54; poet.:caput Auctumnus agris extulit,
Hor. Epod. 2, 18.Trop.A.To set forth, spread abroad, utter, publish, proclaim:2.clamorem,
to raise, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73:quod neque in vulgum disciplinam efferri velint, neque, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 6, 14, 4; cf. Plin. 2, 12, 9:vocem ejus in vulgus,
Tac. A. 12, 21:tuum peccatum foras,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 65 Ruhnk.:hoc foras,
Cic. Phil. 10, 3; so,clandestina consilia,
Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 6:rem,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2:has meas ineptias,
Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:divinitus dicta,
id. ib. 3, 1 fin. et saep.—With a rel. clause:posteaquam in volgus militum elatum est, qua arrogantia in colloquio Ariovistus usus, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 4.—In partic., of speech, to utter, pronounce, express, declare:B.verbum de verbo expressum extulit,
Ter. Ad. prol. 11:ut verba inter se ra tione conjuncta sententiam efferant,
Varr. L. L. 8, § 1 Müll.:si graves sententiae inconditis verbis efferuntur,
Cic. Or. 44, 150; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 13:quae incisim aut membratim efferuntur, ea, etc.,
Cic. Or. 67; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 33; 8, 3, 40; 10, 2, 17: pleraque utroque modo efferuntur, luxuriatur, luxuriat, etc., id. 9, 3, 7; cf. id. 1, 5, 16; 64; 2, 14, 2.—In the pass., qs. to be carried out of one's self by passions, feelings, etc.; to be carried away, transported, hurried away: usque adeo studio atque odio illius efferor ira, Lucil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 21 fin.; so,C.studio,
Cic. de Sen. 23, 83; id. Att. 1, 8, 2; id. N. D. 1, 20 fin.; Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 2; cf.cupiditate,
Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49:vi naturae atque ingenii,
id. Mur. 31, 65:laetitia,
id. Deiot. 9, 26 (cf. act.:comitia ista praeclara, quae me laetitia extulerunt,
id. Fam. 2, 10):incredibili gaudio,
id. Fam. 10, 12, 2; cf. id. Rep. 3, 30; Suet. Caes. 22:voluptate canendi ac saltandi,
id. Calig. 54:popularitate,
id. Ner. 53.—(Acc. to I. B. 3.) To raise, elevate, exalt:2.pretia alicujus rei,
Varr. R. R. 3, 6 fin.:quorum animi altius se extulerunt,
Cic. Rep. 3, 3:aliquem ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus,
id. Cat. 1, 11, 28; cf.:aliquem supra leges,
Tac. A. 2, 34; and:aliquem geminatis consulatibus,
id. ib. 1, 3; cf. also id. ib. 4, 40:aliquem pecunia aut honore,
Sall. J. 49, 4:patriam demersam extuli,
Cic. Sull. 31, 87; cf. Nep. Dion. 6; Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 34:aliquem maximis laudibus,
id. Off. 2, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 87:aliquem summis laudibus ad caelum,
Cic. Fam. 9, 14; cf. Nep. Dion. 7 fin.:aliquid maximis laudibus,
Cic. Lael. 7, 24:aliquem laudibus,
Tac. A. 3, 72:aliquem verbis,
Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:aliquid versibus,
id. Rep. 1, 14;and simply aliquid,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 56; Tac. A. 2, 63:aliquem in summum odium,
id. H. 4, 42; cf.:rem in summam invidiam,
Quint. 8, 4, 19.—In partic., with se, to raise, elevate one's self; to rise, advance (cf.:b.appareo, eluceo, exsisto): cum (virtus) se extulit et ostendit suum lumen,
Cic. Lael. 27; cf.so with a figure borrowed from the heavenly bodies: qua in urbe (Athenis) primum se orator extulit,
id. Brut. 7, 26:volo se efferat in adolescente fecunditas,
id. de Or. 2, 21.—In a bad sense, with se, or in the [p. 629] pass., to lift up one's self, to carry one's self high; to be puffed up, haughty, proud on account of any thing (the figure being borrowed from a prancing horse; cf. Liv. 30, 20; and Quint. 10, 3, 10):D.nec cohibendo efferentem se fortunam, quanto altius elatus erat, eo foedius corruit (Atilius),
Liv. 30, 30:quod aut cupias ardenter aut adeptus ecferas te insolenter,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39:qui enim victoria se ecferunt, quasi victos nos intuentur,
id. Fam. 9, 2, 2; cf.:se altius et incivilius,
Flor. 1, 26, 8:sese audacia, scelere atque superbia,
Sall. J. 14, 11:hic me magnifice effero,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 31:(fortunati) efferuntur fere fastidio et contumacia,
Cic. Lael. 15, 54:se efferre in potestate,
to be insolent in office, id. de Or. 2, 84, 342.—Esp. freq. in the part. perf.:stulta ac barbara arrogantia elati,
Caes. B. C. 3, 59, 3:recenti victoria,
id. B. G. 5, 47, 4:spe celeris victoriae,
id. ib. 7, 47, 3:gloria,
id. B. C. 3, 79, 6:elatus et inflatus his rebus,
Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:secunda fortuna magnisque opibus,
Nep. Alcib. 7, 3; id. Milt. 7, 2:elatus ad vanam fiduciam,
Curt. 3, 19, 10;but also: ad justam fiduciam,
Liv. 27, 8, 7 et saep.—In the act. (rare, and with a fig. perh. borrowed from the wind): is demum vir erit, cujus animum nec prospera (fortuna) flatu suo efferet ( elates, inflates), nec adversa infringet, Liv. 45, 8 fin. —Ante-class. and very rare, to carry out to the end, to support, endure: laborem, Att. ap. Cic. Sest. 48; cf.: malum patiendo, to get rid of, do away with, Cic. Poët. Tusc. 4, 29, 63 (but not in Lucr. 1, 141, where the better reading is sufferre).—Hence, ēlā-tus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B. 3. and II. C. 2.), exalted, lofty, high (rare; cf.: superbus, insolens, arrogans, etc.).A.Lit.:B.modo in elatiora modo in depressiora clivi,
Col. 2, 4, 10:elatissimae lucernae,
Tert. Apol. 53.—Trop.:2.animus magnus elatusque,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 96:verba,
high-sounding, id. Or. 36, 124;hoc casu elatior Julianus,
Amm. 21, 4, 7; Vulg. Rom. 1, 30:insula opibus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 2. — Adv.: ēlāte, loftily, proudly:elate et ample loqui, opp. humiliter demisseque sentire,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 9:dicere (opp. summisse),
id. Opt. Gen. 4, 10.— Comp.:se gerere,
Nep. Paus. 2, 3:elatius et arrogantius praefatur,
Gell. 9, 15, 4.ef-fĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [ex-ferus], to make wild, savage, fierce (class.; most freq. since the Aug. per.).I.Physically:II.terram immanitate beluarum efferari,
Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99:speciem oris,
Liv. 2, 23; cf.vultum,
Suet. Calig. 50:efferantia sese ulcera,
becoming aggravated, malignant, Plin. 26, 14, 87, § 146.— Poet.:Mars efferat aurum,
i. e. works up into weapons, Stat. Achill. 1, 425; cf.:homo qui magnae artis subtilitate tantum efferavit argentum,
i. e. wrought into the figures of beasts, App. M. 5, p. 159, 14.—Mentally:gentes sic immanitate efferatae,
Cic. N. D. 1, 23; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32:militem dux ipse efferavit,
Liv. 23, 5; cf. id. 2, 29:animos,
id. 1, 19; 25, 26:ingenia,
Curt. 8, 2; 9, 19:efferavit ea caedes Thebanos omnes ad exsecrabile odium Romanorum,
exasperated, Liv. 33, 29; cf. Vulg. Dan. 8, 7.—Hence, effĕrātus, a, um, P. a., wild, savage, fierce:sunt enim multa ecferata et immania, quaedam autem humanitatis quoque habent primam speciem,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 14, 32:vultus,
Petr. 82, 1:animi,
Vulg. 2 Macc. 5, 11.— Comp.:mores ritusque,
Liv. 34, 24.— Sup.:effectus,
Sen. Ep. 121, 4:canes in homines,
Jul. Val. Rer. Gest. Alex. M. 3, 18.— Adv.: effĕrāte, fiercely:saevire,
Lact. 5, 20, 10. -
50 fuga
fŭga, ae (archaic gen. sing. fugaï, Lucr. 1, 1047; 4, 713), f. [Sanscr. bhug'-, bend; Gr. pheugô, phugê, flight, phuza, terror; Germ. biegen, bend. On fugere and flectere, AngloSax. būgan and fleon; Germ. biegen and fliehen, v. Grimm, Deutsch. Wörterb. 1, 1814], a fleeing, flight, a running away (cf.: effugium, exsilium).I.Lit.A.In gen.: quove nunc Auxilio aut exili aut fugae freta sim? Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 113 Vahl.):2.mittam illa, fugam ab urbe turpissimam,
Cic. Att. 7, 21, 1:desperata,
id. Phil. 5, 11, 30:dant sese in fugam milites,
take flight, id. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 95; so,in fugam se conferre,
id. Caecin. 8, 22:se conicere,
id. Cael. 26, 63:fugam capere,
Caes. B. G. 7, 26, 3:petere,
id. ib. 2, 24, 1:parare,
Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:fugae sese mandare,
Caes. B. G. 2, 24, 2:hostes dare in fugam,
to put to flight, id. ib. 2, 23, 2; 5, 51 fin.;for which: convertere aciem in fugam,
id. ib. 1, 52, 6:conicere hostes in fugam,
id. ib. 6, 8, 6;7, 70, 3: impellere in fugam,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 22: facere fugam, to make or cause flight, put to flight, Liv. 1, 56, 4; 21, 5, 16 Drak.; 21, 52, 10; 22, 24, 8; 26, 4, 8; but also to take flight, to flee, Sall. J. 53, 3; 58, 4; Liv. 8, 9, 12; cf.in Verg., dare fugam, under B.: esse in fuga,
Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2; 7, 24:reprimere fugam,
to prevent, id. ib. 7, 26, 1; Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 1:spem fugae tollere,
id. ib. 1, 25: exercitum fuga, formidine terroreque complere, Ser. Samm. ap. Macr. S. 3, 9, 9.— Plur. (mostly poet.):quantae in periculis fugae proximorum,
Cic. Mil. 26, 69:celeres fugae,
Hor. C. 4, 8, 15:notusque fugarum Vertit terga Has drubal,
Sil. 17, 148; cf.:fugas servorum ri det,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 121.—In partic., flight from one's native land, expatriation, exile, banishment:B.sibi exsilium et fugam deprecari,
Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 9; id. Off. 2, 6, 20; cf. id. Rep. 1, 3; Ov. P. 2, 8, 68:latā fugā damnari,
Amm. 19, 12, 9.—In plur.:quoties fugas et caedes jussit princeps,
Tac. A. 14, 64:exsilia et fugae,
id. Agr. 45.—Transf., in gen., a flying, swift course or motion, speed ( poet.):2.qualis equos Threissa fatigat Harpalyce volucremque fugā praevertitur Hebrum,
Verg. A. 1, 317:cui cesserit incitus amnis: Tanta fuga est,
Sil. 3, 307:latumque fuga superabitis amnem,
Grat. Cyn. 378:exspectet facilemquo fugam ventosque ferentes,
a swift voyage, Verg. A. 4, 430; cf.: (Neptunus) fugam dedit et praeter [p. 788] vada fervida vexit, gave a swift passage, id. ib. 7, 24;but different: fugam dant nubila caelo,
hasten away, flee away, id. ib. 12, 367:fuga temporum,
a fleeing away, flight, Hor. C. 3, 30, 5:quaere fugam morbi,
seek the removal of the disorder, id. Ep. 1, 6, 29:nobilis hic (equus), cujus clara fuga ante alios,
Juv. 8, 61.—In plur., they who flee, runaways:3.signa fugarum, Col. poët. 10, 125: plane fugae merae,
Petr. 45 fin. —A place of banishment or refuge, Ov. H. 6, 158; id. P. 1, 2, 130.—II.Trop., a fleeing from, avoiding, escape from an evil; disinclination, aversion (class.):simili sunt in culpa, qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga,
Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 33:fuga laboris desidiam coarguit,
id. Mur. 4, 9:turpitudinis (opp. appetentia honestatis),
id. Rep. 1, 2:hanc ignominiam, vel exsilio vel morte, si alia fuga honoris non esset, vitassem,
Liv. 3, 67, 2:culpae,
Hor. A. P. 31:leti,
id. S. 2, 6, 95:paupertatis,
id. Ep. 1, 18, 24:pericli,
Verg. A. 8, 251:ipsius lucis (with taedium),
Quint. 1, 3, 66:quomodo enim vester Axilla Ala factus est, nisi fugā litterae vastioris?
Cic. Or. 45, 153. -
51 verto
verto ( vorto), ti, sum, 3 ( inf. vortier, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 48; Lucr. 1, 710; 2, 927; 5, 1199 al.), v. a. and n. [Sanscr. root vart-, to apply one's self, turn; cf. vart-ukas, round].I. A.Lit.:B.(luna) eam partem, quaecumque est ignibus aucta, Ad speciem vertit nobis,
Lucr. 5, 724:speciem quo,
id. 4, 242:ora huc et huc,
Hor. Epod. 4, 9:terga,
Ov. Tr. 3, 5, 6:gradu discedere verso,
id. M. 4, 338:verso pede,
id. ib. 8, 869:pennas,
i. e. to fly away, Prop. 2, 24, 22 (3, 19, 6):cardinem,
Ov. M. 14, 782:fores tacito cardine,
Tib. 1, 6, 12: cadum, to turn or tip up, Hor. C. 3, 29, 2:versā pulvis inscribitur hastā,
inverted, Verg. A. 1, 478:verte hac te, puere,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 29; cf.:verti me a Minturnis Arpinum versus,
Cic. Att. 16, 10, 1:cum haesisset descendenti (virgini) stola, vertit se et recollegit,
Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 9:ante tuos quotiens verti me, perfida, postes,
Prop. 1, 16, 43:Pompeiani se verterunt et loco cesserunt,
turned about, wheeled about, fled, Caes. B. C. 3, 51; cf.:vertere terga,
to turn one's back, run away, betake one's self to flight, id. B. G. 1, 53; 3, 21; id. B. C. 1, 47; 3, 63 fin.; Liv. 1, 14, 9; cf.also: hostem in fugam,
to put to flight, rout, id. 30, 33, 16;Auct. B. Afr. 17: iter retro,
Liv. 28, 3, 1:hiems (piscis) ad hoc mare,
Hor. Epod. 2, 52: fenestrae in viam versae, turned or directed towards, looking towards, Liv. 1, 41, 4; cf.:mare ad occidentem versum,
id. 36, 15, 9:Scytharum gens ab oriente ad septentrionem se vertit,
Curt. 7, 7, 3:(Maeander) nunc ad fontes, nunc in mare versus,
Ov. M. 8, 165: terram aratro, to turn up or over, to plough, etc., Hor. S. 1, 1, 28:ferro terram,
Verg. G. 1, 147:glaebas (aratra),
Ov. M. 1, 425; 5, 477:solum bidentibus,
Col. 4, 5:agros bove,
Prop. 3, 7, 43 (4, 6, 43):collem,
Col. 3, 13, 8:freta lacertis (in rowing),
Verg. A. 5, 141:ex illā pecuniā magnam partem ad se vortit,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57.—Mid.: vertier ad lapidem, to turn or incline one's self towards, Lucr. 5, 1199:congressi... ad caedem vertuntur,
Liv. 1, 7, 2; so,versi in fugam hostes,
Tac. H. 2, 26; cf.:Philippis versa acies retro,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 26:sinit hic violentis omnia verti Turbinibus,
to whirl themselves about, Lucr. 5, 503:magnus caeli si vortitur orbis,
id. 5, 510:vertitur interea caelum,
revolves, Verg. A. 2, 250:squamarum serie a caudā ad caput versā,
reaching, Plin. 28, 8, 30, § 119.—Trop.1.In gen., to turn:2.ne ea, quae reipublicae causa egerit, in suam contumeliam vertat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8:in suam rem litem vertendo,
Liv. 3, 72, 2:usum ejus (olei) ad luxuriam vertere Graeci,
Plin. 15, 4, 5, § 19; cf.:aliquid in rem vertere,
turn to account, make profitable, Dig. 15, 3, 1 sqq.:edocere, quo sese vertant sortes,
Enn. Trag. v. 64 Vahl.; Verg. A. 1, 671:ne sibi vitio verterent, quod abesset a patriā,
Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1:idque omen in Macedonum metum verterunt Tyrii,
Curt. 4, 2, 13:in religionem vertentes comitia biennic habita,
making a matter of religious scruple, Liv. 5, 14, 2:aquarum insolita magnitudo in religionem versa,
id. 30, 38, 10; cf. id. 26, 11, 3:id ipsum quod iter belli esset obstructum, in prodigium et omen imminentium cladium vertebatur,
Tac. H. 1, 86 fin.:vertere in se Cotyi data,
to appropriate, id. A. 2, 64:perii! quid agam? quo me vertam?
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 1:quo se verteret, non habebat,
Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 74; id. Div. 2, 72, 149:Philippus totus in Persea versus,
inclined towards him, Liv. 40, 5, 9:toti in impetum atque iram versi,
id. 25, 16, 19:si bellum omne eo vertat,
id. 26, 12, 13:di vortant bene, Quod agas,
cause to turn out well, prosper, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 121; cf. infra, II. B.; so,in melius somnia,
Tib. 3, 4, 95.—In partic.a.To turn, i. e. to change, aller, transform (syn. muto):b.Juppiter In Amphitruonis vortit sese imaginem,
Plaut. Am. prol. 121:in anginam ego nunc me velim vorti,
id. Most. 1. 3, 61:omnes natura cibos in corpora viva Vertit,
Lucr. 2, 880: vertunt se fluvii frondes et pabula laeta In pecudes; vertunt pecudes [p. 1978] in corpora nostra Naturam, id. 2, 875 sq.; cf.:cum terra in aquam se vertit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 12, 31:verte omnis tete in facies,
Verg. A. 12, 891:ego, quae memet in omnia verti,
id. ib. 7, 309:tot sese vertit in ora,
id. ib. 7, 328:inque deum de bove versus erat,
Ov. F. 5, 616:Auster in Africum se vertit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 26 fin.; cf. Liv. 30, 24, 7:semina malorum in contrarias partes se vertere,
Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33:omnia versa et mutata in pejorem partem,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 103:cur nunc tua quisquam Vertere jussa potest,
Verg. A. 10, 35:hic continentiam et moderationem in superbiam ac lasciviam vertit,
Curt. 6, 6, 1; cf.:fortuna hoc militiae probrum vertit in gloriam,
id. 9, 10, 28:versus civitatis status,
Tac. A. 1, 4:versis ad prospera fatis,
Ov. H. 16, 89: solum, to change one's country, i. e. to emigrate or go into exile, Cic. Balb. 11, 28; Amm. 15, 3, 11 et saep.; v. solum. —With abl. (rare and poet.):nullā tamen alite verti Dignatur,
Ov. M. 10, 157; cf.muto.—Prov.: in fumum et cinerem vertere,
to turn into smoke, dissipate, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 39.—Mid.:omnia vertuntur: certe vertuntur amores,
Prop. 2, 8, 7 (9):saevus apertam In rabiem coepit verti jocus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 149.—To exchange, interchange: nos divitem istum meminimus adque iste pauperes nos;c.vorterunt sese memoriae,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 11; cf.:vorsis gladiis depugnarier,
id. Cas. 2, 5, 36.—Of literary productions, to turn into another language, to translate (syn.:d. e.transfero, interpretor, reddo): Philemo scripsit, Plautus vortit barbare,
Plaut. Trin. prol. 19:si sic verterem Platonem, ut verteruntnostri poëtae fabulas,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7:verti etiam multa de Graecis,
id. Tusc. 2, 11, 26:annales Acilianos ex Graeco in Latinum sermonem vertit,
Liv. 25, 39, 12.—In partic., like our to turn upside down, i. e. to overturn, overthrow, subvert, destroy (= everto):f.Callicratidas cum multa fecisset egregie, vertit ad extremum omnia,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84:agerent, verterent cuncta,
Tac. H. 1, 2; id. A. 2, 42; 3, 36:Cycnum Vi multā,
Ov. M. 12, 139:fluxas Phrygiae res fundo,
Verg. A. 10, 88; 1, 20; 2, 652:vertere ab imo moenia Trojae,
id. ib. 5, 810:Ilion fatalis incestusque judex... vertit in pulverem,
Hor. C. 3, 3, 20:proceras fraxinos,
id. ib. 3, 25, 16:ab imo regna,
Sen. Hippol. 562:Penates,
id. Troad. 91:puppem,
Luc. 3, 650:fortunas,
Amm. 28, 3, 1.—Mid., from the idea of turning round in a place, to be engaged in, to be in a place or condition; also to turn, rest, or depend upon a thing:g.jam homo in mercaturā vortitur,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 109:res in periculo vortitur,
id. Merc. 1, 2, 12; Phaedr. 2, 8, 19; so,res vertitur in majore discrimine,
Liv. 6, 36, 7:ipse catervis Vertitur in mediis,
Verg. A. 11, 683:omnia in unius potestate ac moderatione vertentur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 20; so,spes civitatis in dictatore,
Liv. 4, 31, 4:totum id in voluntate Philippi,
id. 37, 7, 8:causa in jure,
Cic. Brut. 39, 145:hic victoria,
Verg. A. 10, 529:cum circa hanc consultationem disceptatio omnis verteretur,
Liv. 36, 7, 1:puncto saepe temporis maximarum rerum momenta verti,
id. 3, 27, 7.— Impers.:vertebatur, utrum manerent in Achaico concilio Lacedaemonii, an, etc.,
Liv. 39, 48, 3.—To ascribe, refer:h.quae fuerunt populis magis exitio quam fames morbique, quaeque alia in deum iras velut ultima malorum vertunt,
Liv. 4, 9, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:cum omnium secundorum adversorumque in deos verterent,
id. 28, 11, 1.—= considero; exercitum majorum more vortere, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 408 dub. (Sall. H. inc. 51 Dietsch ad loc.).II. A.Lit.:B.depulsi aemulatione alio vertunt,
Tac. A. 1, 18:eoque audaciae provectum ut verteret, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 10:utinam mea vocula dominae vertat in auriculas!
Prop. 1, 16, 28:versuros extemplo in fugam omnes ratus,
Liv. 38, 26, 8 (but in Lucr. 5, 617 the correct read. is cancri se ut vortat).—Trop., to turn, change, etc.:b.jam verterat fortuna,
Liv. 5, 49, 5:libertatem aliorum in suam vertisse servitutem conquerebantur,
id. 2, 3, 3:totae solidam in glaciem vertere lacunae,
Verg. G. 3, 365: verterat pernicies in accusatorem, Tac. A. 11, 37:quod si esset factum, detrimentum in bonum verteret,
Caes. B. C. 3, 73 fin.:ea ludificatio veri in verum vertit,
Liv. 26, 6, 16: talia incepta, ni in consultorem vertissent, reipublicae pestem factura, against, Sall. H. inc. 89 Dietsch:neque inmerito suum ipsorum exemplum in eos versurum,
Liv. 7, 38, 6:si malus est, male res vortunt, quas agit,
turn out badly, Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 5; so,quae res tibi vertat male,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 37:quod bene vertat, castra Albanos Romanis castris jungere jubet (= cum bonis omnibus),
Liv. 1, 28, 1; 3, 62, 5; 3, 35, 8:quod bene verteret,
Curt. 5, 4, 12; 7, 11, 14:hos illi (quod nec vertat bene), mittimus haedos,
Verg. E. 9, 6.—Annus, mensis vertens, the course or space of a year, of a month:(β).anno vertente sine controversiā (petisses),
Cic. Quint. 12, 40; so,anno vertente,
id. N. D. 2, 20, 53; Nep. Ages. 4, 4; cf.:apparuisse numen deorum intra finem anni vertentis,
Cic. Phil. 13, 10, 22:tu si hanc emeris, Numquam hercle hunc mensem vortentem, credo, servibit tibi,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 76; Macr. S. 1, 14.—Pregn.: annus vertens, the great year or cycle of the celestial bodies (a space of 15,000 solar years), Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24.—Hence, ver-sus ( vors-), or (much less freq.) ver-sum ( vors-), adv., turned in the direction of, towards a thing; usu. after the name of a place to which motion is directed (orig. a part., turned towards, facing, etc., and so always in Livy; cf. Liv. 1, 18, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.; 1, 41, 4; 9, 2, 15).A.Form versus (vors-).1.After ad and acc.:2.T. Labienum ad Oceanum versus... proficisci jubet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33: ad Alpes versus, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2:ad Cercinam insulam versus, Auct. B. Afr. 8, 3: ad Cordubam versus, Auct. B. Hisp. 11: modo ad Urbem, modo in Galliam versus,
Sall. C. 56, 4. —After in and acc.:3.in agrum versus,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 10:in forum versus,
Cic. Lael. 25, 96:in Arvernos versus,
Caes. B. G. 7, 8: si in urbem versus venturi erunt, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78 (82), 3.—After acc. alone (class. only with names of towns and small islands):4.verti me a Minturnis Arpinum versus,
Cic. Att. 16, 10, 1:Brundisium versus,
id. Fam. 11, 27, 3:Ambraciam versus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 36:Massiliam versus,
id. ib. 2, 3:Narbonem versus,
id. B. G. 7, 7.—After other advv.:B.deorsum versus,
Cato, R. R. 156, 4:sursum versus,
Cic. Or. 39, 135:dimittit quoquo versus legationes,
Caes. B. G. 7, 4:ut quaedam vocabula utroque versus dicantur,
Gell. 5, 12, 10; cf. the adverbs deorsum, sursum, etc.—Form versum (vors-).1.After ad and acc.:2.animadvertit fugam ad se versum fieri,
Sall. J. 58, 4.—After other advv.:► Versus is said by many lexicons to be also a prep.cunas rursum vorsum trahere,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 60 (63):lumbis deorsum versum pressis,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 5:vineam sursum vorsum semper ducito,
Cato, R. R. 33, 1:cum undique versum circumfluat,
Gell. 12, 13, 20:utroque vorsum rectum est ingenium meum,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 8., but no ancient authority can be safely cited for this use. The true readings are:in Italiam versus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 1:adversus aedem,
Liv. 8, 20, 8:in forum versus,
Plin. 10, 43, 60, § 121; and perh. in oppidum, Auct. B. Hisp. 21.
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