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lawful-oath

Толкование Перевод

1 EIÐR

(-s, -ar), m. oath; vinna, sverja eið, to take (swear) an oath; rjúfa eið, to break an oath; ganga til eiða, to proceed to the taking of oaths; eigi verðr einn eiðr alla, a single oath does not clear all men.

* * *

m. [Ulf. aiþs; A. S. að; Engl. oath; North. E. aith; Swed. ed; Dan. eed; Germ. eid]

I. an oath; vinna eið, but also sverja eið, to take an oath, to swear, Glúm. 387, Nj. 36, Grág., Sdm. 23; ganga til eiða, to proceed to the taking an oath, Nj., Grág.; eiðar, orð ok særi, Vsp. 30; fullr e., a full, just oath, Grett. 161; rjúfa eið, to break an oath (eið-rofi); perjury is mein-særi, rarely mein-eiðr (Swed.-Dan. men-ed, Germ. mein-eid); eiðar úsærir, false, equivocal oaths, Sks. 358; hence the proverb, lítið skyldi í eiði úsært, with the notion that few oaths can bear a close scrutiny, Grett. 161; trúnaðar-e., hollustu-e., an oath of fealty, allegiance: cp. the curious passages in Sturl. i. 66 and iii. 2, 3; dýr eiðr, a solemn oath; sáluhjálpar-e., sverja dýran sáluhjálpar-eið, to swear an oath of salvation (i. e. as I wish to be saved). In the Norse law a man was discharged upon the joint oath of himself and a certain number of men (oath-helpers, compurgators, or oath-volunteers); oaths therefore are distinguished by the number of compurgators,—in grave cases of felony (treason etc.), tylptar-e., an oath of twelve; in slighter cases of felony, séttar-e., an oath of six, (in N. G. L. i. 56, ch. 133, ‘vj á hvára hönd’ is clearly a false reading instead of ‘iij,’ three on each side, cp. Jb. Þb. ch. 20); grímu-eiðr, a mask oath, a kind of séttar-e.; lýrittar-e., an oath of three; and lastly, ein-eiði or eins-eiði, an oath of one, admissible only in slight cases, e. g. a debt not above an ounce; whence the old law proverb, eigi verðr einn eiðr alla, a single oath is no evidence for all ( cases), Sighvat, Fms. iv. 375, v. l., Bjarn. 22, Nj. 13: other kinds of oaths, dular-e., an oath of denial; jafnaðar-e., an oath of equity, for a man in paying his fine had to take an oath that, if he were plaintiff himself, he would think the decision a fair one: vide N. G. L. i. 56, 254–256, 394, Jb. and Js. in many passages. In the Icel. law of the Commonwealth, oaths of compurgators are hardly mentioned, the kviðr or verdict of neighbours taking their place; the passage Glúm. ch. 24, 25 is almost unique and of an extraordinary character, cp. Sir Edmund Head’s remarks on these passages in his notes to the Saga, p. 119, cp. also Sturl. iii. 2; but after the union with Norway the Norse procedure was partly introduced into Icel.; yet the Js. ch. 49 tries to guard against the abuse of oaths of compurgators, which led men to swear to a fact they did not know. As to the Icel. Commonwealth, it is chiefly to be noticed that any one who had to perform a public duty (lög-skil) in court or parliament, as judge, pleader, neighbour, witness, etc., had to take an oath that he would perform his duty according to right and law (baug-eiðr ring-oath, bók-eiðr gospel-oath, lög-eiðr lawful-oath), the wording of which oath is preserved in Landn. (Mantissa) 335, cp. Þórð. S. (Ed. 1860) p. 94, Band. (MS.)

COMPDS: eiðabrigði, eiðafullting, eiðakonur, eiðalið, eiðamál, eiðasekt, eiðatak.

II. a pr. name, Landn.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > EIÐR
2 lög-eiðr

m. a lawful oath, an oath as ordered by law, Grág., Nj. passim:—a nickname, Lög-Eiðr, Bárð.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > lög-eiðr
3 laga-eiðr

m. a lawful oath, Fms. vii. 307.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > laga-eiðr
4 lagaeiðr

m. lawful oath, = lögeiðr.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > lagaeiðr
5 lögeiðr

m. lawful oath.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > lögeiðr
6 AT

I) prep.

A. with dative.

I. Of motion;

1) towards, against;

Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;

hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;

2) close atup to;

Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;

þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;

3) to, at;

koma at landi, to come to land;

ganga at dómi, to go into court;

4) along (= eptir);

ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;

dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;

refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;

5) denoting hostility;

renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;

gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;

6) around;

vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;

bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;

7) denoting business, engagement;

ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;

fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.

II. Of position, &c.;

1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;

at kirkju, at church;

at dómi, in court;

at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;

2) denoting participation in;

vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;

vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;

3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;

kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;

var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;

4) with proper names of places (farms);

konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;

biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;

at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;

5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;

at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;

at Marðar, at Mara’s home;

at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;

at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).

III. Of time;

1) at, in;

at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;

at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;

at páskum, at Easter;

at kveldi, at eventide;

at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;

at fjöru, at the ebb;

at flœðum, at the floodtide;

2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;

at ári komanda, next year;

at vári, er kemr, next spring;

generally with ‘komanda’ understood;

at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;

3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;

at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;

at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;

at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;

at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;

at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;

at honum önduðum, after his death;

4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;

hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;

skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;

at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.

IV. fig. and in various uses;

1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;

brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;

verða at ormi, to become a snake;

2) for, as;

gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;

eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;

3) by;

taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;

draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;

kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;

4) as regards as to;

auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;

vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;

5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;

ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;

6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;

faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);

aðili at sök = aðili sakar;

7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;

hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;

mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;

tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;

kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;

8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;

Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);

þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;

hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;

9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);

at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;

at landslögum, by the law of the land;

at vánum, as was to be expected;

at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;

10) in adverbial phrases;

gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;

bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;

at fullu, fully;

at vísu, surely;

at frjálsu, freely;

at eilífu, for ever and ever;

at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;

at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;

at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.

B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);

sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;

eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;

at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;

connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;

at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.

II)

1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;

at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;

2) in an objective sense;

hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;

gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;

3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).

III)

1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;

hón grét at meir, she wept the more;

þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;

þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;

2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);

þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;

sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.

IV)

conj., that;

1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;

þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;

vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;

2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;

svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;

3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);

4) since, because, as (= því at);

5) connected with þó, því, svá;

þó at (with subj.), though, although;

því at, because, for;

svá at, so that;

6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;

þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;

þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;

áðr at (= á. en), before;

7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;

Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;

in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.

V)

negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.

VI)

n. an incited conflict or fight ( see etja);

odda at, Yggs at, battle.

* * *

1.

and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.

Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.

WITH DAT.

A. LOC.

I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:

1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.

2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.

3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)

4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.

5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.

β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.

6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.

β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.

γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.

7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.

β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.

8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.

β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.

II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.

2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.

3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:

α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.

β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.

γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.

4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.

5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.

6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.

β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.

γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.

7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.

B. TEMP.

I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.

II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.

β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.

III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:

1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,

2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.

IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:

1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.

2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.

3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.

V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.

2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.

C. METAPH. and in various cases:

I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:

α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.

β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.

II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.

2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.

III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.

IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.

2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)

3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.

4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.

5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.

6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.

β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.

V. denoting the source of a thing:

1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.

2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.

VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.

VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.

VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.

β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.

IX. following many words:

1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.

β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …

γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.

δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.

2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.

3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.

WITH ACC.

TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.

☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.

2.

and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.

I. it is used either,

1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,

2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.

β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).

3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.

II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:

α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.

β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.

γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.

δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.

ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.

ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.

η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.

θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.

3.

and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.

I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.

II. it is used,

1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.

2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.

β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.

γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.

III. used in connection with conjunctions,

1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.

α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.

β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.

γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.

2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.

IV. as a relat. conj.:

1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.

2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.

V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.

4.

and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.

5.

n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.

β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.

6.

the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT
7 MEÐ

prep. with dat. and acc.

I. with dat.

1) with, along with, together with (Unnr dóttir hans fór með honum; hón hafði á skipi m. sér sex tigi karla);

2) denoting help, assistance; leggja til m. e-m, to help one by word or deed; to give one advice; fá menn m. sér, to get followers;

3) by means of, with (verja sik með sverðum, skjöldum);

4) by, through, with, using (með harðfengi ok kappi); m. hlaupi, by running; m. einum bug, with one mind; m. sama hætti, in the same way;

5) including, inclusive of (hundrað manna m. nábúum); ok þat m., at, and besides (therewith) that; þann dag ok nóttina m., and the night too;

6) among, between (var fact um m. þeim brœðrum); þreyta e-t m. sér, to fight it out among themselves; koma m. e-m, to come among (maðr, er m. mörgum kemr);

7) denoting inward quality, in (hann hafði alla þá hluti m. sér, er konung prýða);

8) along (landit er viðast bygt með sjónum); esp. of direction, with an adv. denoting the direction (upp með, ofan með, fram með, inn með, út með, etc.); m. stöfnum, from stem to stern, all along the ship; biðja matar með bœjum, from house to house;

9) adverbial usages; m. öllu, altogether, quite; m. öllu skjótt, all of a sudden; m. því at, in case that (m. því at ek falla); as, because (m. því at menn vóru hraustir, þá komast þeir yfir ána);

10) with verbs; ganga m. barni, to go with child, mæla m., to recommend;

II. with acc.

1) with, with the notion of bearing, bringing, carrying (hann fór til Íslands m. konu sína ok börn); fara m. vápn, to carry a weapon; fig., fara með sök, mál, to conduct, manage a case; m. engi lögskil, in no lawful manner;

2) with, among; úsnotr m., es m. aldir kemr, a fool when he comes among men;

3) with an ordinal number; m. tólfta mann, with twelve men, including himself; with eleven others.

* * *

prep., also meðr, a form common in Stj. and in legendary writers, but not in the classical writers or in mod. speech or writing; [Ulf. meþ = σύν and μετά; A. S. and Chaucer, mid; it remains in Engl. only in ‘mid-wife,’ qs. ‘with-wife,’ cp. Icel. náveru-kona, nær-kona, yfirsetu-kona; Germ. mit; Dan. med; Gr. μετά]:—with, along with, a prep. with dat. and acc.; with dat. it has the notion of coming or going in company, with acc. of bringing or fetching; thus, hann kom með honum, he came along with, in company with him; but hann kom með hann, he brought him wilh him.

WITH DAT.

With, along with, together with; Þórólfr var með konungi, Eg. 29; hann var þar með Otkatli, Nj. 73; hann kvaddi hann til ferðar með sér, id.; hann stóð upp ok Kolskeggr með honum, 58; með honum var sá maðr Íslenzkr er …, 157; hann fór útan með honum, Eg. 196: Unnr dóttir hans fór með honum, Ld. 4; fara á fjall með húskörlum, Korm. 10; vera með goða, i. e. to be in his jurisdiction, Grág. i. 108; hón hafði á skipi með sér sextigi karla, i. e. with her, under her command, Landn. 109; brott með sér, Nj. 114, and in endless instances.

II. denoting assistance, help, with; til umráða með sér, Grág. i. 5; leggja til með e-m, to help one by word or deed, Nj. 7: to give one advice, Fms. xi. 81; sjá á með e-m, to look after, help, Nj. 113; vita e-t með e-m, to be privy to, an accomplice in a thing, 136; bætti hann þat með mér, he mended it for me, Fms. vii. 158; fá menn með sér, i. e. to get followers, opp. to mót, Nj. 180.

III. denoting instrumentality, by, with; með öxi, Fms. vi. 6; verja sik með sverðum, með skjöldum, Nj. 272; með atgeirinum, 120; skip skarat með skjöldum, Ld. 78; falda sér með motri, 202, and passim; or ellipt., the prep. being understood, an instrumental dative, höggva sverði, leggja spjóti, taka höndum, stíga fótum, and in endless similar instances.

IV. by, through, partly denoting means, partly accompaniment, by, through, with, using; með harðfengi ok kappi, Nj. 98; með mikilli snild, með fögrum orðum, Ld. 84; með hans ráði, 58; með ráði konungs, Eg. 35; með lögum, með úlögum, Nj. 106, 234; með ráni, by violence, 5; með vegsemd, blíðu, Fms. x. 235; með íllyrðum, Nj. 128; með vitsmunum mínum, 262; með hlaupi, by running, Eg. 12; með ( through) atgöngu Gunnlaugs, Ísl. ii. 210; með váttum, Nj. 101; með einum hug, with one mind, Edda 37; með gráti, Fms. x. 261; með gleði, 220; með reiði. Nj. 108: með hættu, Ld. 46; með sannyndum. forsooth, truly, Ó. H. 175; með sönnu, forsooth, Fms. vii. 158, Ld. 76; með sama hætti, in the same way, Nj. 272; með þessum hætti, Fms. x. 220; með nokkuru móti, Ld. 164: also freq. ellipt., mæla fögrum orðum, þegja þunnu hljóði, Hm., passim.

V. including, inclusively; hundrað manna með nábúum Njáls, Nj. 208; ok eru þá tólf menn, ór fjórðungi hverjum með þeim, including themselves, Grág. i. 72: sjau vetr ok tuttugu með þeim enum fyrsta, including the first, Fms. x. 410; fimmtán menn með þeim fimm, er …, Nj. 266; þar var vinátta mikil með frændsemi, friendship as well as kin, Ísl. ii. 209; nótt með degi, both night and day, N. G. L. i, passim:—ok þat með ( therewith), at …, Nj. 5; þá, veit ek mesta orrostu-menn, ok þat með, at þeir hafa vápn svá góð, at …, 44; þann dag, ok nóttina með, and the night too, Barl. 207; sagði hann þetta meðr, he said this too, added this, Stj. 130.

VI. with, among, between, amidst; með þeim bræðrum, Fms. vii. 240; samðisk með þeim feðgum, Ísl. ii. 210; dró seint saman með þeim, Fb. ii. 259; þar varð íllla með þeim, Nj. 39; var fátt um með þeim bræðrum nokkura hríð, 2; þar skilr með þeim, there they parted, Grett. 75 new Ed.; þat var siðr með kaupmönnum, Eg. 265; með mönnum, among men, Ls. 46; eigi er þó kosta-munr með ykkr Njáli, Nj. 52; með þeim Ingjaldi, Ld. 44; skipta, deila með e-m, to share among, Eg. 311; deila víg með verum, Ls. 22, Hbl. 25; þeir skiptu ríki með sér, Fms. i. 108; þreyta e-t með sér, to fight it out among themselves, Nj. 31; ef engi væri túlkr með kaupmönnum, Ld. 76; var deila mikil með sonum hans, Eg. 367; var með þeim en kærsta vinátta, 2:—fara ( to travel) með úkunnum þjóðum, Edda 21; sízt ek með fólkum fór, Gm. 48; koma með e-m, to come among, Vþm. 30, 39; er með horskum kemr, Hm. 19, 63; maðr er með mörgum kemr, 62; er með snotrum sitr, 5, 23; þótt hann með grömum glami, 30.

VII. denoting inward quality, with, in; svá hefir hann nátturu mikla með sér, Nj. 44; öllum sem lifs-andi er meðr, Stj.; flesta hluti hefir hann þá með sér, er prýða máttu góðan höfðingja, Fms. x. 535; hann hafði alla þá, hluti með sér er konung prýðir, xi. 217; svá er mál með vexti, so shapen, Lv. 43; limaðr vel með höadum ok fótum, Ld. 20.

2. skip með gyltum höfðum, Fms. x. 2; dreginn á leo með gulli, Ld. 78; hross með söðlum, a horse with the saddle on, Nj. 253; skip með reiða, Eg. 35; klæði með mörgum litum, 517; með sínum lit hverr, Fas. i. 316; vera úti með sólsetrum, i. e. to be out (of a shepherd) with sunset, Lv. 43.

VIII. along, following, of direction, with an adverb, denoting the direction; upp með, ofan með, fram með, norðr með, út með, inn með; ofan með á, Lv. 43; upp með ánni, Nj. 253; upp með Rangá, 74; suðr með landi, Fms. i. 38, ii. 3: með endilöngu landi, ix. 33; hann gengr með reykinum, Nj. 58; með sjónum, Bs. ii. 5; með hafinu, along the sea, on the horizon, Fms. xi. 136; áin var leyst með löndum, Boll. 358; með eggju, Hkv. Hjörv. 9.

2. með stöfnum, from stem to stern, all along the ship, Bs. i. 16 (see kveyfa); var þá hroðit með stöfnum skipit, Grett. 81; með endum, from one end to another, Fagrsk. (in a verse): fara með húsum, to go from house to house, begging, Grág. i. 192; biðja matar með bæjum, Fas. ii. 271.

IX. adverbial usages; með öllu, altogether, quite, Ld. 4; með öllu skjótt, all of a sudden, Fms. x. 136; með því at, in case that, Ld. 44; með því at ek falla, in case I fall, Fms. vii. 274; en með því at yðr líki þetta, x. 261: as, because, in consequence of, en með því at menn vóru hraustir, þá komask þeir yfir ána, Ld. 46, passim: hér-með, herewith, farther; þar-með, therewith, id., Skíða R. 11.

X. with verbs; ganga með barni, to go with child; ganga með e-u, to confess; taka með, to accept; mæla með, to speak for, recommend; fara með, to treat, go with; gefa með, to give a fee of alimentation; leggjask með, to lie with; eiga barn með konu, to have a child in wedlock, and so on; see the verbs.

WITH ACC.

With, with the notion of bearing, bringing, carrying, treating, conducting; fara með vápn, to fare, go, carrying a weapon, Fms. vii. 240; hann fór suðr aptr með miklar vingjafir, id.; þeir fóru aptr með skip þat, er, Eg. 29; með lið sitt, 11; kom með horn fullt, 213; gékk at borðinu með handlaugar, Nj. 52; ganga út með dómendr sína, Grág. i. 37; fara brott með föt sín, 300; með þessa menn, Fas. i. 333; þeir hljópu á brott með konur þeirra, lausafé ok bátinn, Landn. 35; hann fór til Íslands með konu sína ok börn, 205; ef hann leitaði vestan um haf með her sinn, Fms. i. 26; fara með her á hendr e-m, 120; mjöðdrekku er hann fór með, Eg. 240; at þeir skyldu fara með sveit sína, 74; skip þat er hann fór með, id.; ef ek mætta með þik komask, Sturl. ii. 108; farina með erfðina, Nj. 7.

2. metaph., fara með sök, mál, etc., to conduct, manage a case, Nj. 86; fara af hljóði með þessa ráða-görð, 103; þeir fóru með þann hug, to carry that mind, intention, 99; með vátta, with witnesses; með eið, on oath, Grág. i. 20, 243 (but með váttum, Nj. 101): með hver skil, by what way of proceeding, id.: með engi lögskil, in no lawful manner, 296; þat varð með atburð, by accident, Fms. ii. 172: in regard to, ú-afskiptinn með mála-ferli, Lv. 73, (rare.)

II. with, among; kom með fróð regin, Vþm. 26; ú-snotr maðr er með aldir kömr, Hm. 21; sízt Hákon fór með heiðin goð, went among, took up his abode amongst the heathen gods, Hkm. 26.

III. with an ordinal number; með tólfta mann, with twelve men, including oneself, Eg. 180; með tíunda mann, Ld. 140; með fimmta mann, Ísl. ii. 266.

IV. with verbs; tala með e-n, to speak with, Stj. 151, (Dan. tale med en); göra með e-n, to do, 143; lifa meðr brauð, to live on bread, 146; fæðask meðr mold, to live on earth, 37; eiga með e-t, to possess.

V. denoting materials, of; altaris-klæði með pell, Vm. 153; Máríu-skript með tönn, 22; kross með silfr, D. N.; kaðall görr með hár, kirkja með stein, of stone, id.; pílárr meðr kopar, Stj. 101.

2. til alls hagleiks með málm, Fms. xi. 427; hón samdi sik með örvar ok boga, Fas. i. 531; þeir grófu hana með fagran flúr, Skíða R. 200.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > MEÐ
8 tender

1. n

1) нянька, няня; сестра; доглядальниця

baby tender — няня

invalid tender — доглядальниця

2) сторож

tender of sheep — пастух (овець)

3) розм. помічник; офіціант

4) амер. механік, оператор

5) зал. тендер

6) мор. плавуча база

7) мор. допоміжне судно

8) пропозиція

tender of friendship — пропозиція дружби

9) боргова сума

10) буд. заявка на підряд

2. adj

1) ніжний, м'який, ласкавий; люблячий

tender mercies — бібл. милосердя

2) турботливий, уважний

tender of (for, on behalf of) smb. — уважний до когось

3) обережний

4) слабкий

tender health — слабке здоров'я

5) крихкий, ламкий

6) пухкий, м'який

tender ground — пухка земля

tender meat — ніжне (м'яке) м'ясо

7) незрілий, молодий

tender age — незрілий вік

tender knowledge — поверхові знання

8) чулий, чуйний

tender heart — добре (чуйне) серце

tender conscience — совісність

to take a tender interest in smth. — виявляти підвищений інтерес до чогось

9) хворобливий

10) уразливий, образливий

11) делікатний, тонкий

tender question — делікатне питання

12) приглушений, стишений, м'який (про звук, світло, колір)

tender blue — ніжно-блакитний колір

tender light — м'яке світло

13) розм. жалюгідний

14) мор. хиткий, малоостійний

3. v

1) переправляти на посильному судні

2) сплачувати (борг)

3) виконувати (зобов'язання)

4) пропонувати

to tender one's apology (one's thanks) — вибачатися (дякувати)

to tender one's resignation — подати у відставку

to tender an oath — а) присягатися; б) приводити до присяги

5) подавати заявку (на торгах)

6) подавати заявку про передплату (цінних паперів)

7) робити м'яким (ніжним); розм'якшувати

8) піклуватися, дбати; бути уважним

9) виявляти повагу

* * *
I n
1) нянька ( baby tender); сестра; доглядальниця; сторож

tender of sheep — пастух; дiaл. помічник; офіціант

2) aмep. механік, оператор

3) ж-д. тендер

4) мop. посильне судно; судно-матка; плавуча база; допоміжне судно
II v
переправляти на посильному судні
III n
1) пропозиція

2) юp. офіційна пропозиція ( сплатити борг або виплатити зобов'язання)

plea of tender — заява в суді про готовність задовольнити грошову вимогу позивача

3) сума, внесена до сплатиборгу

4) платіжний ресурс

legal /lawful, common/ tender — законний платіжний засіб

5) бyд. заявка на підряд

6) кoм. тендер, підряд (на весь комплекс робіт; tender contract)
IV v
1) надавати або вносити ( у рахунок боргу); сплачувати ( борг); виконати ( зобов'язання)

2) пропонувати; надавати; давати, приносити

to tender one's apology — приносити вибачення

to tender one's resignation — подати у Відставку

to tender an oath — присягати; приводити до присяги; влаштовувати

3) подавати заявку ( на торгах)

4) подавати заявку про підписку ( на цінні папери)

5) ( for) брати підряд ( на щось)
V a
1) ніжний, м'який, ласкавий; люблячий

tender mercies — peл. любов, милосердя; м'який, ненаполегливий; м'який, легкий; такий, що робить м'яким, ніжним

tender breeding — тепличне виховання

2) такий, від якого можна розчулитися; хвилюючий

3) турботливий, що піклується; чуйний, уважний

tender of /for, on behalf of/ smb — уважний до когось

4) обережний

5) слабкий

tender health — слабке здоров'я; тендітний, ламкий; м'який (м'ясо, земля)

6) незрілий; молодий

7) чуттєвий; чуйний

to take a tender interest in smth — виявляти підвищену цікавість до чогось; хворобливий; вразливий; уразливий; легко ранимий

8) тонкий, делікатний

9) м'який, приглушений (про колір, світло, звук)

10) дiaл. жалюгідний

tender sight — жалюгідне видовище

11) мop. хиткий, малостійкий
VI v; іст.
1) робити м'яким, ніжним; розм'якшувати

2) піклуватися; бути уважним; проявляти повагу

English-Ukrainian dictionary > tender
9 tender

I
1. [ʹtendə] n

1. 1) няня (тж. baby tender); сестра; сиделка

2) сторож

tender of sheep - пастух

3) диал. помощник; официант

2. амер. механик, оператор

3. ж.-д. тендер

4. мор.

1) посыльное судно

2) судно-матка

3) плавучая база

4) вспомогательное судно

2. [ʹtendə] v

переправлять на посыльном судне
II
1. [ʹtendə] n

1. предложение

tender of friendship [of marriage] - предложение дружбы [сватовство]

tender of a loan - предложение денег взаймы

2. юр. официальное предложение ( уплатить долг или выплатить обязательство)

plea of tender - заявление в суде о готовности удовлетворить денежное требование истца

3. сумма, вносимая в уплату долга

4. платёжное средство

legal /lawful, common/ tender - законное платёжное средство

5. стр. заявка на подряд

6. ком. тендер, договор-подряд ( на весь комплекс работ; тж. tender contract)

2. [ʹtendə] v

1. 1) предоставлять или вносить ( в счёт долга); оплачивать ( долг)

to tender a thousand dollars in full satisfaction of a debt - полностью оплатить долг размером в тысячу долларов

2) выполнять (обязательство и т. п.)

2. 1) предлагать; представлять; давать, приносить

to tender one's services - предлагать свои услуги

to tender one's apology [one's thanks] - приносить извинения [благодарность]

to tender one's resignation - подать в отставку

to tender an oath - а) присягать; б) приводить к присяге

to tender evidence - представить улики /доказательства/

I tender my congratulations - позвольте вас поздравить

2) устраивать

to tender an ovation to smb. - устроить овацию кому-л.

3. подавать заявку ( на торгах)

4. подавать заявление о подписке ( на ценные бумаги)

5. (for) брать подряд (на что-л.)

to tender for the supply of smth. - брать подряд на поставку чего-л.
II
1. [ʹtendə] a

1. 1) нежный, мягкий, ласковый; любящий

tender look [love] - нежный взгляд [-ая любовь]

tender words - ласковые слова

tender message to a friend - тёплое послание /письмо/ другу

tender mercies - библ. любовь, милосердие

2) мягкий, ненастойчивый

tender resignation - мягкая покорность /уступчивость/

3) мягкий, лёгкий

tender touch - лёгкое прикосновение

4) делающий мягким, нежным

tender breeding - тепличное воспитание

5) такой, от которого можно расчувствоваться

tender recollections - волнующие воспоминания

2. заботливый, заботящийся; чуткий, внимательный

tender care - заботливый уход

tender of /for, on behalf of/ smb. - внимательный к кому-л.

he was tender of hurting my feelings - он старался не обидеть меня /не задеть моих чувств/

the law is very tender of their rights - закон стоит на страже их прав

3. осторожный

tender of appearing anywhere - боящийся показаться где-л.

tender of praise - скупой на похвалу

4. 1) слабый

tender health - слабое здоровье

2) хрупкий, ломкий

tender skin - нежная кожа

tender structure - непрочное сооружение

tender plant - нежное растение

tender porcelain - хрупкий фарфор

the tender green of the first leaves - нежная зелень первых листьев

tenderer human values - образн. более хрупкие человеческие ценности

3) мягкий

tender meat - мягкое /нежное/ мясо

tender ground - рыхлая /мягкая/ земля

5. незрелый; молодой

tender age /years/ - юные годы; незрелый /нежный/ возраст

tender knowledge - поверхностные знания

6. 1) чувствительный; отзывчивый, чуткий

tender heart - доброе /отзывчивое/ сердце

tender conscience - совестливость; чуткая /больная/ совесть

tender to the spur - чуткий к шпорам ( о лошади)

to take a tender interest in smth. - проявлять повышенный интерес к чему-л.

2) болезненный; уязвимый

tender spot /place/ - уязвимое место

tender wound - незажившая рана

my leg is still tender where I bruised it - ≅ к ушибленному месту на ноге всё ещё больно прикасаться

3) обидчивый; легко ранимый

7. щекотливый, деликатный

tender topic /subject/ - щекотливая тема

tender question - щекотливый вопрос

tender situation - щекотливая ситуация, тонкое дело

8. мягкий, приглушённый (о цвете, свете, звуке)

tender light - мягкий свет

tender blue - нежно-голубой цвет

9. диал. жалкий

tender sight - жалкое зрелище

10. мор. валкий, малоостойчивый

2. [ʹtendə] v уст.

1. делать мягким, нежным; размягчать

2. 1) заботиться; быть внимательным

2) оказывать уважение

НБАРС > tender
10 tender

I n
1) нянька ( baby tender); сестра; доглядальниця; сторож

tender of sheep — пастух; дiaл. помічник; офіціант

2) aмep. механік, оператор

3) ж-д. тендер

4) мop. посильне судно; судно-матка; плавуча база; допоміжне судно
II v
переправляти на посильному судні
III n
1) пропозиція

2) юp. офіційна пропозиція ( сплатити борг або виплатити зобов'язання)

plea of tender — заява в суді про готовність задовольнити грошову вимогу позивача

3) сума, внесена до сплатиборгу

4) платіжний ресурс

legal /lawful, common/ tender — законний платіжний засіб

5) бyд. заявка на підряд

6) кoм. тендер, підряд (на весь комплекс робіт; tender contract)
IV v
1) надавати або вносити ( у рахунок боргу); сплачувати ( борг); виконати ( зобов'язання)

2) пропонувати; надавати; давати, приносити

to tender one's apology — приносити вибачення

to tender one's resignation — подати у Відставку

to tender an oath — присягати; приводити до присяги; влаштовувати

3) подавати заявку ( на торгах)

4) подавати заявку про підписку ( на цінні папери)

5) ( for) брати підряд ( на щось)
V a
1) ніжний, м'який, ласкавий; люблячий

tender mercies — peл. любов, милосердя; м'який, ненаполегливий; м'який, легкий; такий, що робить м'яким, ніжним

tender breeding — тепличне виховання

2) такий, від якого можна розчулитися; хвилюючий

3) турботливий, що піклується; чуйний, уважний

tender of /for, on behalf of/ smb — уважний до когось

4) обережний

5) слабкий

tender health — слабке здоров'я; тендітний, ламкий; м'який (м'ясо, земля)

6) незрілий; молодий

7) чуттєвий; чуйний

to take a tender interest in smth — виявляти підвищену цікавість до чогось; хворобливий; вразливий; уразливий; легко ранимий

8) тонкий, делікатний

9) м'який, приглушений (про колір, світло, звук)

10) дiaл. жалюгідний

tender sight — жалюгідне видовище

11) мop. хиткий, малостійкий
VI v; іст.
1) робити м'яким, ніжним; розм'якшувати

2) піклуватися; бути уважним; проявляти повагу

English-Ukrainian dictionary > tender
11 FESTA

fix

* * *

I)

(-sta, -str), v.

1) to make fast, fasten (festa skip, bát, hval);

2) to hang up (= festa upp);

festa á gálga, to hang on the gallows;

festa út til þerris, to hang out for drying;

festa e-t við e-t, to fasten to a thing;

3) in various fig. phrases,

festa trúnað á e-t, to believe in;

festa hug við e-t, to fix the mind upon;

festa yndi, to feel happy (in a place);

festa e-t í minni, to fix in the memory;

also absol., festa kvæði, to learn a poem by heart;

4) to settle, stipulate;

festa sátt mál, to make a settled agreement;

festa járn, to pledge oneself to the ordeal of red-hot iron;

5) to betroth (festa e-m dóttur sína);

6) impers. to cleave, stick fast (spjótit festi í skildinum);

eld festir, the fire catches, takes hold;

bein (acc.) festir, the bone unites (after a fracture);

7) refl., festast, to grow to, stick fast to (nafnit festist við hann);

bardagi festist, the battle closes up fast.

II)

f. bail, pledge (svardagi ok festa).

* * *

t, [fastr], to fasten; lím er festir allart vegginn, Rb. 390.

2. to fasten with a cord, to fasten a thing afloat; festa skip, to make a ship fast, moor it, Eg. 161, Fms. vii. 314; þeir festu sik aptr við lyptingina, they made the ship fast, ii. 327; festa hval, Grág. ii. 337; festa við, of drift-timber, id.

β. to hang up; festa út til þerris, to hang out for drying, Ld. 290; ef maðr festir upp vápn sitt þar er sjálft fellr ofan, Grág. ii. 65; festa á gálga, to hang on the gallows, Am. 55, Hðm. 22, Fms. i. 89; festa upp, to hang up, Nj. 9, Fær. 188, Fms. vi. 273, ix. 410; festa í stagl, to make fast to the rack, 656 C. 38; cp. stagl-festa, 623. 51.

II. metaph. in many phrases; festa trúnað, to fix one’s faith on, to believe in, Eg. 59, Fms. i. 100; festa yndi, to feel happy in a place, 135; festa hug við e-t, to fix the mind upon a thing, hence hug-fastr; festa bygð, stað, to fix one’s abode (stað-fastr, steadfast); festa ráð, to make one’s mind up, iv. 149; festa e-t í minni, to fix in the memory, Edda (pref.), Fms. iv. 116, hence minnis-fast; also absol., festa kvæði, to fix a poem in the memory, learn it by heart; Síðan orti Egill alla drápuna, ok hafði fest, svá at hann mátti kveða um morguninn, Eg. 421.

2. in law phrases, to settle, stipulate; festa mál, sáttmál, to make a settled agreement, Eg. 34, Fms. x. 355; festa grið, to make a truce, Grág. ii. 194; festa kaup, verð, to wake a bargain, 399; festa fé, to give bail, Gþl. 482, N. G. L. i. 23, Fms. vii. 290; festa eið, to pledge oneself to take an oath, Gþl. 539; festa járn, to pledge oneself to the ordeal of red-hot iron, Fms. vii. 230; festa dóm e-s, or f. e-m dóm, iv. 227, vii. 311, Hkr. i. 168, N. G. L. i. 23; festa eindæmi, q. v., Sturl. ii. 22; festa e-t í dóm e-s, id., Fms. vii. 302; festa e-t á dóm e-s, id., iv. 327; festa lög fyrir e-t (= lög-festa), to claim a thing as one’s lawful property, and thus forbid another any use of it, K. Á. 184, N. G. L. i. 154, Gþl. 333, Jb. 151–249 (passim), cp. Vídal. Skýr. s. v. festa: absol. to pledge oneself, Eysteinn konungr festi at gjalda hálfan fimta tög marka gulls, Fms. vii. 290.

β. to bind in wedlock; Ásgrímr festi Helga dóttur sína, Asgrim (the father) bound his daughter in wedlock to Helgi (dat.), betrothed her to him, Nj. 40; létu þeir nú sem fyrr, at hón festi sik sjálf, she should bind herself, 49: also of the bridegroom, the bride in acc. as the bargain stipulated, festi Þorvaldr Hallgerði, 17; nú festir maðr sér konu, N. G. L. i. 350, Glúm. 351, cp, Grág. F. Þ. passim.

III. impers. in a pass. sense, to cleave, stick fast to; spjótið (acc.) festi í skildinum, Nj. 43, 262; kemr í skjöldinn svá at festi, 70; rekr hann (acc.) ofan á vaðit ok festi þar á steini, stuck fast on a stone, of a thing floating, 108; við eðr hval festir í vatns-bökkum, timber or whales aground in the shoals, Grág. ii. 355; ef við rekr at ám ofan, ok festir í eyrum, and sticks on the gravel banks, id.; nema festi í miðju vatninu, id.; eld festir, the fire catches, takes hold, Fms. i. 128.

β. medic., bein (acc.) festir, a bone joins (after a fracture); fót festir, the leg grows firm, Bs. i. 743, cp. Eb. 316 and Bs. 5. 424.

IV. reflex. to grow to, stick fast to; nafnið festisk við hann, Ld. 52, Fas. i. 86; ryðr festisk, rust sticks to it, it grows rusty, 519; festask í landi, ríki, absol. to get a fast footing in the land, Fms. i. 32, xi. 343: the milit. phrase, bardagi, orrosta festisk, the battle closes up fast, when all the ranks are engaged, Sturl. iii. 63, Fms. ii. 313.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FESTA
12 LAG

layer

* * *

n.

1) stratum, layer;

2) due place, right position;

leggja stýri í lag, to ship the rudder;

ganga ór lagi, to go wrong;

fóru nú brýnn hans í lag, his brows became smooth and straight;

koma lagi á e-t, to put to rights, get a thing into order;

komast vel í lag, to fall into good order;

3) companionship, fellowship;

leggja (binda) saman lag sitt, to enter into fellowship;

4) living together (hann réðst til lags við Beru);

5) cohabitation;

eiga lag við konu, to cohabit;

6) market price, tax;

leggja lag á varning manna, to set or regulate the market price;

7) thrust, stab (with a knife, sword, or spear);

8) air, tune;

9) adverbial phrases:

í tvennu lagi, in two parts, double;

í öllu lagi, in every respect, quite;

í sumu (mörgu) lagi, in same (many) respects;

with compar. or superl., denoting degree;

í meira lagi, considerably, rather;

í fyrra lagi, rather early, among the earliest;

í verra lagi, among the worst;

í hljóðara lagi, rather silent;

í nærra lagi, rather close;

þann dag svaf Unnr í lengra lagi, U. slept that day longer than she was wont;

Helias var í fyrsta lagi spámanna, H. was one of the first of prophets;

í elzta lagi sona hans, among the oldest of his sons;

minnsta lag, the least share.

* * *

n. [leggja], a stratum, layer; vóru þá Varbelgir at taka af þau lög sem eptir vóru brúarinnar, Fms. ix. 512: freq. in mod. usage, e. g. lag í vegg, a layer or course of masonry.

II. metaph. shape, Lat. forma:

1. a laying in order, due place, right position; leggja stýri í lag, to ship the rudder in its place, hook it on, Fms. vii. 47; leggja stýri ór lagi, to unship the rudder, Al. 67; ganga ór lagi, to be displaced, get wrong, Fms. viii. 291; fóru nú brýnn hans í lag, his brows became smooth and straight, of a man frowning, Eg. 306; koma lagi á e-t, to make a thing right, get a thing into order, Fms. xi. 28; hann kvaðsk eigi lagi mundu á koma fyrir næstu vetrnætr, 67; fylkingar hans komask vel í lag, his ranks fell into good order, Al. 142; brugðit er nú lagi ór því sem vant er, i. e. matters go wrong, not as they were wont to go, Grett. 183 new Ed.; nærri lagi, pretty well.

2. companionship, fellowship, in an enterprise of peace or war; leggja saman lag sitt, to enter into fellowship, Orkn. 88; þeir áttu mikit lag við Þveræinga, Lv. 73; bundu þeir jarl lag sitt saman, Fms. i. 20; kom til lags við Sigurð jarl sá maðr er hét Rauðr, 194; þá réðsk til lags með honum Einarr þambarskelfir, v. 4; taka e-n til lags ok félagsskapar, x. 202; hann fór til lags með Sörkvi Karli ok herjaði, Nj. 183: of living together, hann réðsk til lags við Beru, Gullþ. 13; fé-lag, q. v.: cohabitation, eiga lag við konu, to cohabit, Karl. 47, Þiðr. 247, Ver. 27, H. E. i. 247, Fms. vi. 122; taka konu til lags, Bs. i. 852; fylgja e-m at lagi (i. e. not in wedlock), Sturl. i. 94, 97; fá lag konu, Þiðr. 299.

3. market price, tax, as e. g. in Icel. the godi of a district had to ‘lay,’ i. e. set or regulate the market price, Hænsaþ. S. ch. 2; gjalda allt at því lagi sem þar gengr, Grág. i. 213; leggja lag á mjöl, ii. 404; leggja lag á varning manna, Ísl. ii. 126; sagði þann vanda at hann legði lag á varning manna, id.; hundraðs-lag, B. K. 53; fjár-lag, tax, Grág. i. 500.

4. a thrust, stab, Nj. 97, 253, Eg. 231, 379, Orkn. 450, Fms. ii. 94, and passim; see leggja.

5. regular time; árar-lag (q. v.), a boating term, time, stroke; hafðu lagið, keep time! hafa seint, fljótt lagið, kunna ekki árarlagið: so in the saying, allt vill lagið hafa, all things require time and tact, or require to be done in a due manner; ó-lag, disorder; það er allt í ólagi, það er ólag á því:—naut., lag is the lull between the breakers, the nick of time for landing; but ólag, the wrong time, when the breakers are dashing against the shore; one of these waves is called dauða-lag, see the interesting passage in Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 660.

6. [Engl. lay], an air, tune; hétu þeir er bundnir vóru á hinn heilaga Thorlák biskup, at þeir skyldi lausir verða, lögum nokkrum (söngum, v. l.), Sturl. ii. 33: freq. in mod. usage, esp. of hymns, hymna-lag, a hymn-tune, of the Ambrosian hymns; sálma-lag, a psalm-tune; vísna-lag, a song-tune; rímna-lag, a ballad-air: also used of metres, in old metric, Haðar-lag, Edda (Ht.) 140; Togdrápu-lag, 137; tog-lag, 138; Fornyrða-lag, 142; Bálkar-lag, id.; Galdra-lag, 143; Flagða-lag, 245; it is possible that songs composed in these metres were a kind of ‘airs’ accompanied by singing.

II. adverb. in layers; í tvennu lagi, in two layers, double, Fms. i. 156; í öllu lagi, in every respect, in everything, quite, Band. 6 new Ed.; í mörgu lagi, in many respects, Fms. vi. 133, Fs. 123; í sumu lagi, in some respects, Fms. vi. 207.

2. with compar. or superl., denoting degree; í meira lagi, considerably, rather, Þiðr. 80; í fyrra lagi, rather early, among the earlier, Ísl. ii. 126; minnsta lag, the least share, Sturl. iii. 238; í verra lagi, among the worst, Hrafn. 9; í hljóðara lagi, rather silent, Sks. 370; í fastara lagi, Str. 9; í lengra lagi, þann dag svaf Unnr í lengra lagi, U. slept that day longer than she was wont, Ld. 14; í lægra lagi, Stj. 107; í hærra lagi, í fremra, síðara lagi, passim; í mesta lagi, very greatly; sá er í mesta lagi strauma þeirra er á Breiðafirði eru, Ld. 56, Stj. 156; í heldra lagi, Fms. ii. 72, Al. 92; Helias var í fyrsta lagi spámanna, H. was one of the first of prophets, Ver. 29; í elzta lagi sona hans, among the oldest of his sons, Fagrsk. 12; í nærra lagi, rather close, Konr. 3; í flesta lagi, very numerous, Gísl. 26:—sér í lagi, laid by itself, apart, D. N. ii. 93; meðallagi (q. v.), average.

COMPDS: lagskona, lagsmaðr.

B. Lög, only in plur., [prop. what is ‘laid,’ cp. Germ. gesetz, Gr. θεσμός; the Engl. law seems to be a Scandin. word, for Germ. and Saxon use other words; Dan. lov; Swed. lag]:—law; proverbs, með lögum skal land byggja en með ólögum eyða, Nj. 106; svo eru lög sem hafa tog, Kveldv. i. 45: various law phrases, segja lög, to say the law, tell what is law, esp. technically used of the law-speaker who had to read the law in public, and who, in cases of dispute, had to say what was the law; svá er mælt at sá maðr skal vera nokkorr ávallt á landi óru er skyldr sé til þess at segja lög mönnum, ok heitir sá lögsögu-maðr, Grág. i. 1; biskup skal lög segja en eigi leikmenn, Bs. i. 720; hlýðir þat hvergi at hafa eigi lög í landi, Nj. 149; sem ek veit sannast ok réttast ok helzt at lögum, in the oath formula, 232; leiða í lög, to introduce a law; eptir þat leiddi Skapti Þóroddsson í lög fimmtardóm ok allt þat er upp var talit, 151; þú hefir þó mest at gört, segir Gestr, þótt öðrum verði auðit í lög at leiða, 163; taka e-t í lög, id., Bs. i. 158; leggja lög á e-t, id.; dæma e-m lög, Eg. ch. 57; mæla lög, Fms. vii. 142; ræna e-n lögum, Ld. 102; bjóða, festa lög fyrir sik, N. G. L. passim; setja lög, Fms. xi. 75, Fb. ii. 48; halda vel log sín, 76.

II. law community, communion, as also a law-district; þyki mér sem málum várum sé komit í únýtt efni, ef eigi hafa ein lög allir, en ef sundr-skipt er lögunum þá mun sundr-skipt friðinum, Nj. 164; í hverri þessi deild landsins er sitt lögþing ok sín lög, yfir hverjum lögum er lögmaðr, Ó. H. 65; þrælar mínir eru ekki í lögum eðr landsrétt við aðra menn, id.; kaupeyri mun ek fá þér svá mikinn at þú megir ganga í hraustra manna lög, Ld. 254; þóat menn vildi þangat ráðask er eigi vóru í þessum lögum, Fms. xi. 76; sögðusk hvárir ór lögum við aðra, Nj. 164; leiða e-n í lög, to introduce a person as a lawful citizen, naturalise, Grág. i. 357; eru þeir nú leiddir í lög með þeim Jómsvíkingum, Fms. xi. 80; lendum mönnum ok sýslumönnum í hverjum lögum ( law community) sem þeir sjá at bezt ber ok hæfir, Gþl. 56; innan laga várra, N. G. L. i. 7; ef maðr kemr ór lögum várum í fylki annat með bú sitt, 98; en þat görðisk þar, at annarr maðr at öðrum nefndi sér vátta ok sögðusk hvárir ór lögum við aðra enir Kristnu menn ok enir heiðnu, Bs. i. 22: in a geographical sense, almost as a local name, Gulaþings-lög, Eiðsævis-lög, Þrænda-lög, passim:—in nicknames of great lawyers, Laga-Eiðr, Bárð. new Ed.; Laga-Ulfljótr, Þórð. (1860) 94.

COMPDS: lagaafbrigði, lagabeiðsla, lagaboð, lagaboðorð, lagabók, lagabrjótr, lagabrot, Lagabætir, lagadeilur, lagadómr, lagaeiðr, lagaflækjur, lagafrestr, lagafrétt, lagagipt, lagagrein, lagagæzla, lagahald, lagahellur, lagahlýðni, lagakaup, lagakefli, lagakvánfang, lagalauss, lagaleiga, lagalyriti, lagalöstr, lagamaðr, lagamál, lagaorð, lagapróf, lagarefsing, lagarétting, lagaréttr, lagaripting, lagasetning, lagaskilnaðr, lagaskilorð, lagaskipan, lagaskipti, lagasnápr, lagasókn, lagastefna, lagatak, Lagatíð, lagaundanfærsla, lagaúrskurðr, lagavápn, lagavegr.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > LAG
13 witness

1) свидетель; понятой

2) свидетельство, свидетельское показание | давать свидетельские показания; свидетельствовать; подписывать в качестве свидетеля

•

witness against a defendant — свидетель истца или обвинения;

witness against an accused — свидетель обвинения;

witness against a plaintiff — свидетель ответчика;

availability as [of] a witness — возможность ( фактическая) допросить лицо в качестве свидетеля;

witness by the accused — свидетель, выставленный обвиняемым;

witness by the court — свидетель, вызванный судом;

witness by the defence — свидетель, выставленный защитой;

witness by the defendant — свидетель, выставленный ответчиком или подсудимым;

witness by the plaintiff — свидетель, выставленный истцом;

witness by the prosecution — свидетель, выставленный обвинением;

witness for an accused — свидетель защиты;

witness for the Commonwealth — свидетель обвинения ( в судах некоторых штатов);

witness for the Crown — англ. свидетель обвинения;

witness for the defence — свидетель защиты;

witness for the defendant — свидетель ответчика или защиты;

witness for the Government — амер. свидетель обвинения ( в федеральных судах);

witness for the People — свидетель обвинения ( в судах некоторых штатов);

witness for the prisoner — свидетель защиты;

witness for the prosecution — свидетель обвинения;

witness for the State — свидетель обвинения ( в судах штатов);

witness in attendance — свидетель в суде;

witness in the box — свидетель перед судом;

in witness whereof — в подтверждение чего... ;

witness on oath — свидетель под присягой;

witness on the stand — свидетель перед судом;

witness produced — выставленный свидетель;

witness produced against an accused — свидетель обвинения;

witness produced for the accused — свидетель защиты;

to witness against self — свидетельствовать против самого себя;

to witness a line-up — присутствовать в качестве понятого на опознании;

to witness an arrest — присутствовать в качестве понятого при аресте;

to witness an inquest on a body — присутствовать в качестве понятого при производстве дознания в отношении человеческого трупа;

witness to an overt act — очевидец;

to witness a search — присутствовать в качестве понятого при обыске;

to witness a seizure — присутствовать в качестве понятого при выемке;

to break down a witness — 1. опорочить свидетеля или данные свидетелем показания 2. опровергнуть свидетельское показание;

to check on a witness — контролировать, сдерживать свидетеля;

to coach a witness — "натаскивать" свидетеля;

witness under examination — свидетель на допросе

- witness of arrest
- witness of inquest of a body
- witness of line-up
- witness of search
- witness of seizure
- admissible witness
- adverse witness
- alibi witness
- arrest witness
- attesting witness
- auricular witness
- character witness
- chief witness
- coached witness
- Commonwealth's witness
- compellable witness
- compelled witness
- competent witness
- complaining witness
- compulsory witness
- consistent witness
- contemptuous witness
- contradicting witness
- contumacious witness
- coroner's witness
- court's witness
- credible witness
- Crown witness
- defence witness
- defendant's witness
- direct witness
- documentary witness
- ear-witness

- expert witness
- extra witness
- eye-witness

- false witness
- friendly witness
- further witness
- future witness
- going witness
- Government's witness
- hearsay witness
- hostile witness
- human witness
- identified witness
- identifying witness
- impeachable witness
- impeached witness
- impeaching witness
- impugned witness
- impugning witness
- inadmissible witness
- incompetent witness
- inconsistent witness
- independent witness
- indirect witness
- inquest-on-a-body witness
- interested witness
- irrelevant witness
- key witness
- late-endorsed witness
- lawful witness
- lay witness
- line-up witness
- material witness
- military witness
- non-compellable witness
- opening witness
- ordinary witness
- partial witness
- People's witness
- perjurious witness
- plaintiff's witness
- police witness
- previous witness
- primary witness
- prisoner's witness
- prosecuting witness
- prospective witness
- psychiatric witness
- qualified witness
- recalled witness
- relevant witness
- satisfactory witness
- scientific witness
- search witness
- seizure witness
- skilled witness
- star witness
- State witness
- subscribing witness
- succeeding witness
- surprise witness
- suspended witness
- swift witness
- sworn witness
- treacherous witness
- turncoat witness
- turned away witness
- ultroneous witness
- uncompellable witness
- unfavourable witness
- unimpeachable witness
- unreliable witness
- veracious witness
- zealous witness
- contradictory witness
- principal witness
- prosecution witness
- satisfying witness

Англо-русский юридический словарь > witness
14 tender

1. n

1) (деловое) предложение; заявка на подряд; тендер, конкурсная заявка; подписной лист; торги

- auction by tender

2) юр. официальное предложение (уплатить долг или выполнить обязательство)

•

- tender invitation

- lawful tender

- legal tender

2. v

1) предлагать; подавать (заявление и т.п.)

- tender one's resignation

- tender an oath

2) подавать заявку (на торгах)

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > tender

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