laita

1 vocative particle "O" in a vanimar "O beautiful ones" LotR3:VI ch. 6, translated in Letters:308; also attested repeatedly in VT44:12 cf. 15: A Hrísto *"o Christ", A Eruion*"o God the son/son of God", a Aina Fairë *"o Holy Spirit", a aina Maria *"o holy Mary". 2 conj. "and", a variant of ar occurring in Fíriel's Song that also has ar; a seems to be used before words in f-, but contrast ar formenna *”and northwards” in a late text, VT49:26. According to PE17:41, “Old Quenya” could have the conjunction a as a variant of ar before n, ñ, m, h, hy, hw f is not mentioned, PE17:71 adding ty, ny, hr, hl, ñ, l, r,þ, s. See ar \#1. It may be that the a or the sentence nornë a lintieryanen “he ran with his speed” i.e. as quickly as he could is to be understood as this conjunction, if the literal meaning is *“he ran and did so with his speed” PE17:58. 3, also á, imperative particle. An imperative with “immediate time reference” is expressed by á in front of the verb or “occasionally after it, sometimes before and after for emphasis”, with the verb following in “the simplest form also used for the uninflected ‘aorist’ without specific time reference past or present or future” PE17:93. Cf. a laita te, laita te! "o bless them, bless them!", á vala Manwë! "may Manwë order it!", literally *"o rule Manwë!" see laita, vala for reference; cf. also á carë *“do!”, á ricë “try!”, á lirë “sing!”, á menë “proceed!”, a norë “run!” PE17:92-93, notice short a in this example, á tula *"come!" VT43:14. In the last example, the verb tul- “come” receives an ending -a that probably represents the suffixed form of the imperative particle, this apparently being an example of the imperative element occurring both “before and after” the verbal stem “for emphasis” PE17:93. This ending may also appear on its own with no preceding a/á, as in the command queta “speak!” PE17:138. Other examples of imperatives with suffixed -a include cena and tira VT47:31, see cen-, tir-; the imperatives of these same verbs are however also attested as á tirë, á cenë PE17:94 with the imperative particle remaining independent and the following verb appearing as an uninflected aorist stem. This aorist can be plural to indicate a 3rd person pl. subject: á ricir! “let them try!” PE17:93. Alyë VT43:17, VT44:9 seems to be the imperative particle a with the pronominal suffix -lyë "you, thou" suffixed to indicate the subject who is to carry out the command; attested in the phrase alyë anta *"give thou" elided aly' in VT43:11, since the next word begins in e-: aly' eterúna me, *"do thou deliver us"; presumably other pronominal suffixes could likewise be added. The particle a is also present in the negative imperatives ala, \#ála or áva, q.v.

yks.nom. syrjä; yks.gen. syrjän; yks.part. syrjää; yks.ill. syrjään; mon.gen. syrjien syrjäin; mon.part. syrjiä; mon. ill. syrjiinsyrjä, kylki бок syrjä, piennar обочина syrjä, sivu сторона syrjä, särmä ребро syrjä (laita, reuna) край syrjä (laita, reuna) кромка

syrjä, särmä ребро särmä: särmä ребро, грань särmä (mat) ребро (мат.) särmä (puuteoll) грань, кромка, кант

край ~ кромка ~ ребро ~ обочина ~ бок ~ сторона

e‹ 1. noun 2. verb - edgy
- edgily
- edginess
- have the edge on/over
- on edge

1. noun 2. adjective - - sided
- sidelong
- sideways
- sideburns
- side effect
- sidelight
- sideline
- sidelines
- side road
- sidestep
- side-street
- sidetrack
- sidewalk
- from all sides
- on all sides
- side by side
- side with
- take sides

manya- (“sc. either to afford grace or help or to wish it”, VT49:41), laita- (praise) (Imperative a laita and future \#laituva are attested, the latter with pronominal endings: laituvalmet, "we shall praise [or bless] them".) The continuative form mánata (*”is blessing”) does according to Carl F. Hostetter imply an aorist stem *manta (VT49:52). The passive participle aistana "blessed" (see below) argues the existence of a verbal stem \#aista- "to bless", but this verb seems etymologically connected to airë "holy" and should probably only be used with reference to more or less "divine" persons (aistana refers to the Virgin Mary in the source), who are "blessed" in the sense of having their holiness recognized and respected.

(vb) laita- (bless) (Imperative a laita and fut \#laituva are attested, the latter with pronominal endings: laituvalmet, "we shall praise them") PRAISE (noun) \#laitalë (isolated from Erulaitalë "Praise of Eru") –LotR:989 cf Letters:308, UT:436

(3rd person pl. and dual forms): As the pronominal ending for “they”, Tolkien hesitated between -ltë and -ntë. For instance, a verb like “they do” is attested both as cariltë and carintë (VT49:16, 17). In one text, the ending -ltë is marked as archaic or poetic (VT49:17), but in other paradigms no such qualification occurs (VT49:51). The alternative form -nte- occurs in UT:317, with a second pronominal marker (-s “it”, denoting the object) following: Tiruvantes "they will keep it". General considerations of euphony may favour -ltë rather than -ntë (e.g. *quenteltë rather than *quententë for “they spoke” – in the past tense, many verbs end in -ntë even before any pronominal endings are supplied, like quentë “spoke” in this example). The ending -ltë (unlike -ntë) would also conform with the general system that the plural pronominal endings include the plural marker l (VT48:11). – In Tolkien’s early material, the ending -ltë appears as -lto instead (e.g. tulielto “they have come”, LT1:270). – A simple plural verb (with ending -r) can have “they” as its implied subject, as in the example quetir en “they still say” (PE17:167). – In the independent pronouns, distinct forms of may be used depending on whether “they, them” refers to living beings (persons, animals or even plants) or to non-living things or abstracts. The “personal” independent pronoun is te, which may have a long vowel when stressed (té, VT49:51). It is also attested in object position (laita te “bless them”, LotR:989 cf. Letters:308, VT43:20). It can receive case endings, e.g. dative ten (VT49:14; variant forms téna and tien, VT49:14, VT43:12, 21). As the “impersonal” they, them referring to non-living things, Tolkien in some sources used ta (VT43:20; 8, 9), but this apparently caused dissatisfaction because he also wanted ta to be the singular pronoun “that, it”. According to VT49:32, the form tai was introduced as the word for impersonal or inanimate “they, them” (in some places changed to te, apparently suggesting that Tolkien considered using te for both personal and impersonal “they/them”, abandoning the distinction). Another source (VT49:51) lists sa as the pl. impersonal form, but all other published sources use this pronoun for singular impersonal “it”, not pl. “they”. – The object “them” can also be expressed by the ending -t following another pronominal suffix (laituvalmet, “we shall bless [or praise] them", LotR:989 cf Letters:308). Presumably this ending -t makes no distinction between personal and impersonal forms. – Quenya also possesses special dual forms of “they, them”, used where only two persons or things are referred to (none of these pronouns distinguish between personal and impersonal forms). In VT49:16, the old ending for dual “they” is given as -stë (marked as archaic or poetic), but this would clash with the corresponding 2nd person ending. According to VT49:51, this ending was changed (also within the imaginary world) from -stë to -ttë, which seems the better alternative (*carittë, “the two of them do”). The independent dual pronoun is given as tú (ibid.) However, it may also be permissible to use te for “they, them” even where only two persons are involved (te is seemingly used with reference to Frodo and Sam in one of the examples above, laita te “bless them”). – Genitive forms, see THEIR; reflexive pronoun, see THEMSELVES.

laivan ahtausmaksu плата за погрузку судна, плата за стивидорные работы, плата за стивидорские работы laivan ahtausmaksu плата за погрузку судна, плата за стивидорные работы, плата за стивидорские работы

laivan ankkuri корабельный якорь

laivan hylky обломки судна, обломки корабля, корабельные обломки (мн.ч.)

laivan isännistö судовладельцы

laivan isäntä владелец судна, судовладелец

laivan kansallisuus-todistus национальное судовое свидетельство, национальное приписное свидетельство

laivan kansallisuustodistus судовое свидетельство, приписное свидетельство laivan kansallisuustodistus судовое свидетельство, приписное свидетельство

laivan kansi палуба, корабельная палуба

laivan kapteeni капитан корабля, капитан судна laivan: laivan päällikkö, laivan kapteeni капитан корабля, капитан судна

laivan keula нос корабля, нос судна, корабельный нос

laivan korjaus ремонт судна, ремонт корабля

laivan kuljetussopimus чартер-партия laivan kuljetussopimus чартер-партия

laivan kulku tyhjänä балластный пробег судна laivan kulku tyhjänä балластный пробег судна laivan kulku tyhjänä балластный пробег судна

laivan kylki борт судна, борт корабля, корабельный борт

laivan laita борт судна, борт корабля

laivan lasti груз судна, судовой груз, корабельный груз laivan lasti судовой карго, судовой груз laivan lasti судовой карго, судовой груз

laivan lastiluettelo спецификация судового груза, декларация судового груза, декларация карго laivan lastiluettelo спецификация судового груза, декларация судового груза, декларация карго

laivan lähtöselvitys декларирование судна перед выходом из порта laivan lähtöselvitys декларирование судна перед выходом из порта

laivan lääkäri судовой врач, корабельный врач

laivan masto мачта судна, мачта корабля, корабельная мачта

laivan muona судовой провиант, корабельный провиант, судовая провизия

laivan osan rahtaus фрахтование части корабля, фрахтование части судна, частичное фрахтование судна, частичное фрахтование корабля laivan osan rahtaus фрахтование части корабля, фрахтование части судна, частичное фрахтование судна, частичное фрахтование корабля

laivan ottaja фрахтователь, наниматель судна laivan ottaja фрахтователь, наниматель судна

laivan perä корма корабля, корма судна, корабельная корма

laivan pohja днище судна, днище корабля, корабельное днище

laivan päällikkö, laivan kapteeni капитан корабля, капитан судна laivan päällikkö командир корабля

laivan päällystö, laivapäällystö командный состав корабля

laivan radioasema судовая радиостанция, корабельная радиостанция

laivan rahtausmääräys ордер на фрахтование судна laivan rahtausmääräys ордер на фрахтование судна

laivan runko остов судна, каркас судна

laivan sähköttäjä корабельный радист, судовой радист

laivan ulkolaidatus, laivan ulkolaita наружная обшивка судна

laivan ulkolaidatus, laivan ulkolaita наружная обшивка судна

laivan ylikuorma перегруженность судна

laivan päällystö, laivapäällystö командный состав корабля

veneen keulaosa передняя часть лодки, бак

veneen kokka нос лодки

veneen laita борт лодки

veneen omistaja владелец лодки

veneen perä корма лодки

veneen pohja днище лодки, дно лодки

veneen runko остов лодки, корпус лодки