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  • 61 cámara

    f.
    1 camera, photographic camera.
    2 chamber, empty chamber.
    3 chamber, hall, room, saloon.
    4 chamber.
    5 camera, television transmitting camera.
    6 camera, motion-picture camera.
    7 cameraman, cinematographer, cinematographist.
    8 House.
    9 inner tube of the tire.
    * * *
    1 (sala, pieza) chamber, room
    2 (institución) chamber
    3 (para el grano) granary
    5 (de rueda) inner tube
    6 TÉCNICA chamber
    7 (fotográfica, de cine) camera
    8 ANATOMÍA cavity
    1 (hombre) cameraman; (mujer) camerawoman
    1 (diarrea) diarrhoea sing (US diarrhea)
    \
    a cámara lenta in slow motion
    cámara acorazada strongroom
    cámara alta PLÍTICA upper house
    cámara baja PLÍTICA lower house
    cámara de aire air chamber
    cámara de cine cine camera, (US movie camera)
    cámara de comercio chamber of commerce
    cámara de gas gas chamber
    Cámara de los Comunes House of Commons
    Cámara de los Diputados Chamber of Deputies
    Cámara de los Lores House of Lords
    cámara frigorífica cold-storage room
    cámara mortuoria funeral chamber
    cámara nupcial bridal suite
    * * *
    noun f.
    •
    - cámara fotográfica
    * * *
    1. SF
    1) [de fotos, televisión] camera
    chupar 1., 1)
    2) † (=habitación) chamber

    cámara acorazada — [de archivo] strongroom, vaults pl ; [de banco] vaults pl

    cámara de gas — [de ejecución] gas chamber

    cámara frigorífica — cold-storage room, refrigerated container

    3) (Pol) house, chamber

    Cámara Alta — Upper House, Upper Chamber

    Cámara Baja — Lower House, Lower Chamber

    4) ( Hist) [de palacio] royal chamber
    ayuda 2.
    5) (Náut) (=camarote) cabin; [de oficiales] wardroom
    6) [de neumático] (inner) tube

    cubierta sin cámara — tubeless tyre, tubeless tire (EEUU)

    7) (Mec)
    8) (Anat) cavity
    9) pl cámaras (Med) † diarrhoea sing, diarrhea sing (EEUU)
    2.
    SMF camera operator, cameraman/camerawoman
    * * *
    1) (arc) ( aposento) chamber (frml)
    2) (Gob, Pol) house
    3) (Com, Fin) association
    4) ( aparato) camera

    en or (Esp) a cámara lenta — in slow motion

    5) cámara masculino y femenino (Esp) ( camarógrafo) (m) cameraman; (f) camerawoman
    6)
    a) (Fís, Mec) chamber
    b) ( de un arma) chamber
    7) ( de un neumático) inner tube
    * * *
    1) (arc) ( aposento) chamber (frml)
    2) (Gob, Pol) house
    3) (Com, Fin) association
    4) ( aparato) camera

    en or (Esp) a cámara lenta — in slow motion

    5) cámara masculino y femenino (Esp) ( camarógrafo) (m) cameraman; (f) camerawoman
    6)
    a) (Fís, Mec) chamber
    b) ( de un arma) chamber
    7) ( de un neumático) inner tube
    * * *
    cámara1
    1 = vault, chamber, house.
    Nota: De congreso, parlamento u otro organismo de gobierno.

    Ex: Film and videotape are stored on the premises in vaults situated at the back of the library and are air conditioned to ensure a constant temperature.

    Ex: In the central chamber about 100 sheets (130 litres) of A4 paper can be treated so as to imitate and accelerate their exposure to highly polluted air.
    Ex: The first committee involving both houses of Congress in the new capital of Washington, D.C., was the Joint Committee on the Library of Congress, founded in 1802.
    * ayuda de cámara = valet.
    * cámara al vacío = vacuum chamber.
    * cámara de combustión = combustion chamber.
    * cámara de comercio = chamber of commerce.
    * Cámara de Delegados = House of Delegates.
    * cámara de gas = gas chamber.
    * Cámara de los Comunes, la = House of Commons, the.
    * Cámara de los Lores, la = House of Lords, the.
    * Cámara de Representantes = House of Representatives.
    * cámara de seguridad = storage vault.
    * cámara de tortura = torture chamber.
    * cámara de vapor = steam chamber.
    * cámara frigorífica = cold vault, cool vault.
    * cámara humidificadora = humidity chamber, humidifying chamber.
    * música de cámara = chamber music.
    * orquesta de cámara = chamber orchestra.
    * pared con cámara de aire = cavity wall.
    * rueda sin cámara = tubeless tyre.

    cámara2
    2 = camera, cam.

    Ex: The true meaning of the cliche 'A picture is worth more than ten thousand words,' is never more evident than when students first see themselves on camera after simulating reference interviews in the classroom.

    Ex: They were seen posing on cam showing their boobies and wearing gee-strings.
    * cámara de rodar películas = movie camera.
    * cámara de seguridad = security camera, surveillance camera.
    * cámara digital = digital camera.
    * cámara fotográfica = photographic camera.
    * cámara lenta = slow motion.
    * cámara oculta = hidden camera.
    * móvil con cámara = cameraphone.

    cámara3

    Ex: Film, a new medium of communication 100 years ago, developed into an art form for directors, cinematographers, and a new breed of actors.

    * * *
    A ( arc) (aposento) chamber ( frml)
    Compuestos:
    strongroom, vault
    funeral chamber
    strongroom, vault
    isolation room
    gas chamber
    ( Méx) cold store
    torture chamber
    cold store
    funeral chamber
    (CS) septic tank
    B ( Gob, Pol) house
    Compuestos:
    ● cámara alta/baja
    upper/lower house
    House of Commons
    Chamber of Deputies
    House of Lords
    House of Representatives
    Senate
    ( Arg) Federal Appeal Court
    C ( Com, Fin) association
    Compuestos:
    ● cámara agraria or agrícola
    farmers' union
    chamber of commerce
    clearing house
    audit commission
    chamber of tourism
    D (aparato) camera
    filmar/pasar una secuencia en or ( Esp) a cámara lenta to film/show a sequence in slow motion
    chupar cámara ( fam); to get media attention ( colloq)
    Compuestos:
    camera, film camera
    film camera
    speed camera
    disk camera
    ● cámara de televisión/video or ( Esp) vídeo
    television/video camera
    CCTV camera
    ● cámara de vigilancia o de seguridad
    video surveillance; CCTV
    infrared camera
    digital camera
    pinhole camera
    camera
    reflex camera
    webcam
    E
    ( feminine) camerawoman
    F
    1 ( Fís, Mec) chamber
    2 (de un arma) chamber
    Compuestos:
    air chamber
    combustion chamber
    compression chamber
    decompression chamber
    oxygen tent
    vacuum chamber
    G
    * * *

     

    cámara sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (arc) ( aposento) chamber (frml)

    b) ( recinto): cámara acorazada or blindada strongroom, vault;


    cámara de gas gas chamber;
    cámara frigorífica cold store
    2 (Gob, Pol):

    Ccámara de los Comunes/de los Lores House of Commons/of Lords;
    Ccámara de Representantes House of Representatives
    3 (Com, Fin) association;

    4 ( aparato) camera;
    en or (Esp) a cámara lenta in slow motion;

    cámara de video or (Esp) vídeo video camera;
    cámara fotográfica camera
    cámara
    I sustantivo femenino
    1 Fot TV camera
    2 (habitación, reservado) room, chamber
    cámara acorazada, vault
    cámara de gas, gas chamber
    3 (refrigerador industrial) cold-storage room
    4 Pol Chamber, House
    cámara alta, (senado) upper house
    cámara baja, (congreso) lower house
    Cámara de los Diputados, Chamber of Deputies
    5 Com Cámara de Comercio, Chamber of Commerce
    cámara de compensación, clearing house
    6 Auto (de un neumático) inner tube
    7 Mús música de cámara, chamber music
    II sustantivo masculino y femenino (hombre) cameraman
    (mujer) camerawoman
    ♦ Locuciones: a cámara lenta, in slow motion
    ' cámara' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    boquete
    - descompresión
    - enfocar
    - enseñar
    - frigorífica
    - frigorífico
    - lord
    - operador
    - operadora
    - orquesta
    - resonancia
    - rollo
    - simple
    - sumergible
    - traerse
    - visor
    - cargar
    - espía
    - mover
    English:
    camcorder
    - camera
    - cameraman
    - chamber
    - chamber music
    - Chamber of Commerce
    - common
    - crew
    - damage
    - face
    - focus
    - gas chamber
    - house
    - House Lords
    - House of Commons
    - House of Representatives
    - loaded
    - lord
    - photo finish
    - representative
    - saloon
    - slow-motion
    - speaker
    - strap
    - strongroom
    - train
    - tube
    - Upper House
    - valet
    - vault
    - cinecamera
    - Commons
    - digital
    - gas
    - inner
    - movie camera
    - pan
    - slow motion
    - steady
    - strong
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [de fotos, cine] camera
    cámara cinematográfica movie o Br cine camera;
    cámara digital digital camera;
    cámara lenta slow motion;
    también Fig
    a cámara lenta in slow motion;
    si miras la repetición de la jugada a cámara lenta podrás fijarte en todos los detalles if you watch the slow-motion replay, you'll be able to see all the details;
    TV cámara oculta candid camera;
    cámara oscura camera obscura;
    cámara réflex reflex o SLR camera;
    cámara de televisión television camera;
    cámara de vídeo o Am video [profesional] video camera;
    [de aficionado] camcorder;
    cámara web web camera
    2. [sala] chamber
    cámara acorazada strongroom, vault;
    cámara de gas gas chamber;
    cámara mortuoria funeral chamber;
    cámara de torturas torture chamber
    3. [receptáculo] chamber;
    cámara (de aire) [de balón] bladder;
    [de neumático] inner tube cámara de combustión combustion chamber;
    cámara de descompresión decompression chamber;
    cámara frigorífica cold-storage room;
    un camión con cámara frigorífica a refrigerated Br lorry o US truck;
    Fís cámara de niebla cloud chamber;
    cámara de resonancia echo chamber;
    RP cámara séptica septic tank;
    cámara de vacío vacuum chamber
    4. [de arma] chamber, breech
    5. [asamblea] chamber
    cámara alta upper house; Esp cámara autonómica autonomous regional parliament;
    cámara baja lower house;
    Cámara de los Comunes House of Commons;
    cámara legislativa legislative chamber;
    Cámara de los Lores House of Lords;
    Cámara de Representantes House of Representatives;
    cámara territorial = chamber of parliament where members represent a region, rather than electoral constituencies of roughly equal size
    6. Com [entidad, organismo] chamber
    cámara agrícola farmers' association;
    cámara de Comercio Chamber of Commerce;
    cámara de compensación clearing house;
    cámara de la propiedad property owners' association
    7.
    de cámara [del rey] court, royal;
    pintor de cámara court painter
    ♦ nmf
    [persona] cameraman, f camerawoman
    * * *
    I f
    1 FOT, TV camera;
    TV hog the limelight fam ;
    a cámara lenta in slow motion
    2 ( sala) chamber;
    de cámara MÚS chamber atr
    II m/f cameraman; mujer camerawoman
    * * *
    1) : camera
    2) : chamber, room
    3) : house (in government)
    4) : inner tube
    * * *
    1. (fotográfica, de televisión) camera
    2. (persona) cameraman [pl. cameramen]
    3. (de bicicleta) inner tube

    Spanish-English dictionary > cámara

  • 62 empresa

    f.
    1 company.
    pequeña y mediana empresa small and medium-sized business
    libre empresa free enterprise
    empresa conjunta joint venture
    empresa filial subsidiary
    empresa matriz parent company
    empresa privada private company
    la empresa privada the private sector
    empresa pública public sector firm
    la empresa pública the public sector
    2 enterprise, undertaking.
    se embarcó en una peligrosa empresa he embarked on a risky enterprise o undertaking
    * * *
    1 (compañía) firm, company
    2 (dirección) management
    3 (acción) undertaking, venture
    \
    empresa filial subsidiary company
    empresa matriz parent company
    empresa multinacional multinational company
    empresa naviera shipping company
    libre empresa free enterprise
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) company, corporation, firm, business
    2) undertaking, venture
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=tarea) enterprise
    2) (Com, Econ) (=compañía) firm, company

    empresa funeraria — undertaker's, mortician's (EEUU)

    3) (=dirección) management

    la empresa lamenta que... — the management regrets that...

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( compañía) company, firm (BrE)
    b) ( dirección) management
    2) (tarea, labor) venture, undertaking
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( compañía) company, firm (BrE)
    b) ( dirección) management
    2) (tarea, labor) venture, undertaking
    * * *
    empresa1
    1 = business [businesses, -pl.], commercial firm, company, corporation, firm, business enterprise, outfit, business interest, business firm, industrial firm, commercial enterprise, operating company.

    Ex: To a small or mid-sized business, information is critical for effective planning, growth and development.

    Ex: Difficulties over access to these can arise when research project has been financed by a scientific organization or commercial firm who have an interest in maintaining security.
    Ex: Among the companies offering 'Mice' are Microsoft, Vision and Apple, but more are anticipated.
    Ex: The main form of knowledge transfer and the basis for decision making within corporations has not been a paper, a document or a detailed report, but a set of overhead slides and the discussions around them.
    Ex: The European Development Fund finances projects in overseas countries for which European-based firms can supply equipment and know-how.
    Ex: The 'Books at work' project in Kalmar in southern Sweden is the result of collaboration between trade unions, business enterprises and the public library.
    Ex: The author compares the advantages and disadvantages of buying from the larger established companies and smaller outfits.
    Ex: As an example, the University of Hawaii libraries have installed an online catalogue on which they will hang a special assortment of databases that are needed by Hawaii and Pacific business interests.
    Ex: Collection and preservation of records is an expensive pursuit and the task of persuading cost conscious business firms that they ought to preserve their records is an unenviable one.
    Ex: In libraries serving industrial firms, for example, the cost of not finding information may be high; this is why 'hard headed businessmen' add to their overheads by paying for extensive library services.
    Ex: Some commercial enterprises subsidise satellite communications for academic institutions.
    Ex: In the future, these files will be made readily accessible to other Glaxo operating companies through the use of computers.
    * a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.
    * administración de empresas = business administration.
    * admnistrador de empresa = firm administrator.
    * archivo de empresa = business archives.
    * biblioteca de empresa = commercial library, industrial library, corporate library, company library, business library.
    * bibliotecario de empresa = industrial librarian.
    * comida de empresa = company dinner.
    * como las empresas = business-like.
    * conglomerado de empresas = conglomerate.
    * contratación de personal cualificado de otras empresas = lateral hiring.
    * curso mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich course.
    * dejar la empresa = jump + ship.
    * de la propia empresa = company-owned.
    * de toda la empresa = systemwide.
    * director de empresa = company director.
    * directorio de empresas en base de datos = corporate directory database, company directory database.
    * documentación de empresas = business record.
    * empresa afiliada = sister company.
    * empresa comercial = commercial agency, commercial vendor, commercial business, business firm.
    * empresa con solera = established player.
    * empresa consolidada = established player.
    * empresa constructora = property developer.
    * empresa consumada = established player.
    * empresa de búsqueda personalizada de ejecutivos = headhunter.
    * empresa de cobro de deudas = debt collection agency.
    * empresa de contabilidad = accounting firm.
    * empresa dedicada a la venta por correo = mail order company.
    * empresa dedicada al desarrollo de productos = product developer.
    * empresa dedicada a los sondeos de opinión = polling firm, polling agency.
    * empresa dedicada al proceso del cereal = corn processor.
    * empresa de grandes derroches = high roller.
    * empresa de investigación = research firm.
    * empresa de la limpieza = cleaning firm.
    * empresa de liempza = cleaning business.
    * empresa de limpieza = janitorial business.
    * empresa de medios de comunicación = media company.
    * empresa de mudanzas = mover.
    * empresa de nuestro grupo = sister company, sister organisation.
    * empresa de nueva creación = this sort of thing, startup [start-up].
    * empresa de ordenadores = computer company.
    * empresa de reparto de paquetes = package delivery company.
    * empresa de seguridad = security firm.
    * empresa de servicios = service organisation, service agency, service company.
    * empresa de servicios de información = information broker, broker, information broking.
    * empresa de servicio social = social utility.
    * empresa de servicios públicos = public utility, utility company.
    * empresa de solera = established player.
    * empresa de telecomunicaciones = computer bureau.
    * empresa de trabajo = industrial affiliation.
    * empresa de un grupo = operating company.
    * empresa de viajes = travel company.
    * empresa en la que sólo pueden trabajar empleados que pertenezcan a un sindic = close shop.
    * empresa farmacéutica = drug company.
    * empresa filial = subsidiary company.
    * empresa hipotecaria = mortgage company.
    * empresa industrial = industrial firm.
    * empresa organizadora de congresos = conference organiser.
    * empresa privada = private vendor, private company, private business, private firm.
    * empresa pública = civilian employer, public firm.
    * empresas americanas, las = corporate America.
    * empresa sindicada = union shop.
    * empresa televisiva = television company.
    * empresa transportadora = shipper, shipping agent.
    * en toda la empresa = company-wide, systemwide.
    * específico de las empresas = company-specific.
    * fusión de empresas = consolidation.
    * gasto de empresa = business expense.
    * gestión de empresas = business management.
    * grupo de empresas = business group.
    * guardería de la empresa = workplace crêche.
    * información sobre empresas = business intelligence.
    * intranet de empresa = corporate intranet.
    * libro de empresa = organisation manual.
    * mercado de la empresa = corporate market.
    * mundo de la empresa = business world.
    * mundo de la empresa, el = corporate world, the.
    * mundo de las empresas = business environment.
    * página web de empresa = business site, corporate site.
    * para toda la empresa = company-wide, enterprise-wide.
    * partícipe en la empresa = corporate insider.
    * patrocinado por la propia empresa = company-sponsored.
    * pequeña empresa = small business.
    * persona de la propia empresa = insider.
    * programa de prácticas en la empresa = internship program(me), internship.
    * programa mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich programme.
    * propiedad de la empresa = company-owned.
    * PYME (Pequeña y Mediana Empresa) = SME (Small and Medium Sized Enterprise).
    * que afecta a toda la empresa = enterprise-wide.
    * sitio web de empresa = business site, corporate site.
    * trabajador cualificado contratado de otra empresa = lateral hire.
    * ya parte de la empresa = on board.

    empresa2
    2 = enterprise, scheme, venture, quest, operation, undertaking.

    Ex: Only those who have attempted to edit the proceedings of a conference can appreciate the magnitude and scope of such an enterprise.

    Ex: There are forty-six centres in twenty-five countries participating in the scheme.
    Ex: However rudimentary or advanced the system, and no matter what the age of the children involved, certain matters should be considered before setting out on the venture.
    Ex: It is a quest without a satisfactory conclusion - a holy grail of librarianship.
    Ex: When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.
    Ex: Since the file from 1966-1975 contains some 2,500,000 references, a search of the complete data base is a fairly large-scale undertaking.
    * empresa descabellada = fool's errand.
    * empresa próspera = success story.

    * * *
    A
    1 (compañía) company, firm ( BrE)
    empresa filial subsidiary company
    mediano, pequeño1 (↑ pequeño (1))
    2 (dirección) management
    la empresa no se hace responsable de … the management cannot accept liability for …
    libre1 (↑ libre (1))
    Compuestos:
    start-up
    public utility company, public utility
    sponsors (pl) ( of an artistic event)
    private sector company
    public sector company
    raider
    masculine and feminine (Ur) self-employed person, sole trader ( BrE)
    B (tarea, labor) venture, undertaking
    nos hemos embarcado en una arriesgada empresa we've undertaken a risky venture
    pereció en la empresa ( liter); she perished in the attempt ( liter)
    * * *

     

    empresa sustantivo femenino
    1 ( compañía) company, firm (BrE);

    2 (tarea, labor) venture, undertaking
    empresa sustantivo femenino
    1 Com Ind company, firm
    empresa pública, state-owned company
    2 (proyecto, tarea) undertaking, task: es una empresa muy arriesgada, it's a very risky venture
    ' empresa' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    administración
    - ámbito
    - amenaza
    - asegurar
    - bacalao
    - casa
    - CEPYME
    - compañía
    - constructor
    - constructora
    - contabilidad
    - contrata
    - dar
    - decorar
    - deficitaria
    - deficitario
    - definitivamente
    - departamento
    - depurar
    - dirección
    - dirigir
    - diversificarse
    - económica
    - económico
    - ejecutiva
    - ensalzar
    - entablar
    - escala
    - escáner
    - espaldarazo
    - estatal
    - estructuración
    - forjar
    - gestión
    - hipotecar
    - hostelería
    - imagen
    - imposición
    - inspección
    - juez
    - lanzamiento
    - ligarse
    - llevar
    - mecánica
    - nacional
    - negocio
    - negrera
    - negrero
    - patrón
    - patrona
    English:
    administration
    - amount to
    - association
    - audit
    - backbone
    - bankrupt
    - base
    - be
    - being
    - boss
    - branch out
    - builder
    - business
    - by-law
    - carrier
    - climb down
    - cock-up
    - collapse
    - come in
    - company
    - creativity
    - credit bureau
    - dark horse
    - deal with
    - department
    - developer
    - disorganized
    - division
    - do
    - down-market
    - effective
    - engineer
    - enter
    - enterprise
    - equal
    - established
    - exploit
    - firm
    - fixture
    - float
    - flourish
    - go down
    - go under
    - head
    - house
    - in-house
    - insider
    - intimidate
    - launch
    - launching
    * * *
    1. [sociedad] company;
    pequeña y mediana empresa small and medium-sized business;
    prohibido fijar carteles: responsable la empresa anunciadora [en letrero] post o stick no bills: advertisers will be held liable
    empresa común joint venture;
    empresa conjunta joint venture;
    empresa filial subsidiary;
    empresa funeraria undertaker's;
    empresa júnior junior enterprise, = firm set up and run by business studies students;
    empresa libre, libre empresa free enterprise;
    empresa matriz parent company;
    empresa mixta mixed company;
    empresa privada private company;
    empresa pública public sector firm;
    empresa punto com dot.com (company);
    empresa de seguridad security firm;
    empresa de servicio público public utility, US public service corporation;
    empresa de servicios service company;
    empresa de trabajo temporal Br temping o US temp agency;
    empresa de transportes Br haulage o US trucking firm;
    Urug empresa unipersonal sole trader, one person business
    2. [dirección] management;
    las negociaciones con la empresa the negotiations with management
    3. [acción] enterprise, undertaking;
    se embarcó en una peligrosa empresa he embarked on a risky enterprise o undertaking
    * * *
    f
    1 company;
    gran empresa large company;
    pequeña empresa small business;
    mediana empresa medium-sized business
    2 fig
    venture, undertaking
    * * *
    1) compañía, firma: company, corporation, firm
    2) : undertaking, venture
    * * *
    1. (entidad) company [pl. companies]
    2. (negocio) business [pl. businesses]

    Spanish-English dictionary > empresa

  • 63 difusión


    difusión sustantivo femenino (de noticia, rumor) spreading; (de ideas, doctrina, cultura) spreading, diffusion (frml);
    difusión sustantivo femenino
    1 (de noticias, rumores) spreading, circulation: la difusión de su teoría es nula, his theory is not widely known
    2 Rad TV broadcasting
    3 Fís Quím diffusion ' difusión' also found in these entries: Spanish: extensión - generalización - nacional English: democracy - spread

    English-spanish dictionary > difusión

  • 64 Национальное радио Испании

    adj

    Diccionario universal ruso-español > Национальное радио Испании

  • 65 общенациональная газета

    adj

    Diccionario universal ruso-español > общенациональная газета

  • 66 QUESO

    сущ.
    нога(ступня), чулок или носок 1) человек вызывающе наглый, достающий всех этим 2) национальный бюджет
    Pie, media o zoquete; persona insulsa, aburrida. Presupuesto nacional.

    Diccionario español-ruso de la jerga > QUESO

  • 67 bandera

    f
    1) знамя, стяг

    alzar (arbolar, izar) la bandera — поднять (водрузить) флаг

    3) флажок (сигнальный и т.п.)
    4) войско, батальон ( сражающиеся под знаменем)
    6) уст. толпа
    - levantar bandera
    - arriar la bandera
    - arriar bandera
    ••

    a banderas desplegadas — свободно, открыто

    batir banderas, rendir la bandera воен. — склонить знамёна ( в знак приветствия)

    dar a uno la bandera — признать своё поражение; уступить пальму первенства

    militar debajo de la bandera de uno, seguir la bandera de uno — выступать (сражаться) под чьими-либо знамёнами

    salir con banderas desplegadas ист. воен. — покинуть крепость с развёрнутыми знамёнами, сдаться на почётных условиях

    Universal diccionario español-ruso > bandera

  • 68 Chronology

      15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.
      400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.
      202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.
      137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.
      410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.
      714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.
      1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.
      1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.
      1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.
      1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.
      1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).
      1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.
      1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.
      1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.
      1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.
      1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.
      1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.
      1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.
      1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.
      1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.
      1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.
      1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.
      1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.
      1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.
      1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.
      1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.
      1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.
      1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).
      1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.
      1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.
      1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.
      1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.
       King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.
       King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.
      1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.
      1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.
      1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.
       Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.
       Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.
       Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.
      1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.
      1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.
      1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.
      1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.
      1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.
      1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.
      1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.
      1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.
      1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.
      1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.
      1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.
      1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.
      1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.
      1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.
      1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.
      1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.
      1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.
      1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.
      1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.
      1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.
      1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.
      1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.
      1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.
      1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.
      1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.
       Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.
       King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.
      1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of
       Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.
       Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.
       King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.
      1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.
      1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.
      1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.
      1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.
      1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.
      1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.
       January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.
       Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.
      1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.
      1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.
      1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.
      1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.
      1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.
       May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.
       March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.
       Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.
      1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.
      1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January
      1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.
      1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."
       28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.
       February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.
       April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.
      1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.
      1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."
      1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.
       6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.
       8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.
      1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.
      1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.
      1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
       January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.
      1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.
      1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.
      1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.
       March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.
       March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.
      1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July
      1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.
      1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).
      1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.
      1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.
       January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.
       January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.
       November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.
       October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.
       January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.
       May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.
       October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.
       January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).
       United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.
       January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.
       1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
       May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.
       June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.
       February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.
       January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.
       July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.
      2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology

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