-
61 известно, что
•It is common knowledge that light carries energy.
•* * *Известно, чтоIt is known [...] that the NDTT can be increased rather dramatically with neutron irradiation in some cases.Once-through cooling is known to be one of the most effective methods for condensing cooling. (Известно, что прямоточное охлаждение...)Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > известно, что
-
62 że
z, ze Ⅰ praep. 1. (przed określeniami miejsca) from (czegoś sth); (o pomieszczeniu, pojemniku) from, out of (czegoś sth); (o powierzchni) off (czegoś sth)- z Polski/ze Szkocji from Poland/Scotland- pamiątka z Japonii a souvenir from Japan- św. Franciszek z Asyżu St Francis of Assisi- jechać z Berlina do Warszawy to go from Berlin to Warsaw- wyszedł z domu o trzeciej he left home at three- wyjął pieniądze z portfela he took some money out of his wallet- zjechał na sankach z górki he went down the hill on a sledge- gwóźdź wystający z deski a nail sticking out of a plank- zdjął obraz ze ściany he took the picture off the wall- sprzątnęła brudne naczynia ze stołu she cleared the dirty dishes off the table- podniósł coś z podłogi he picked something up off the floor- zsiadł z konia he got off the horse2. (określający kierunek, stronę) from (czegoś sth)- hałasy dochodzące z góry noises coming from upstairs- widok z wieży kościoła the view from the church tower- z każdej strony a. ze wszystkich stron from all sides, from every side- z lewej/prawej strony (znajdować się) on a. to the left/right; (zbliżać się) from the left/right- z mojej lewej/prawej strony (tuż obok) by my left/right side; (nieco dalej) to my left/right- z tamtej strony brzeg jest bagnisty on the other side the shore is marshy- z przodu/tyłu at the front/back3. (określający źródło, pochodzenie) from (czegoś sth)- informacje pochodzące z dziennika telewizyjnego information from the TV News- dane z rocznika statystycznego data from a statistical yearbook- wiadomość z pewnej gazety information from a certain newspaper- znał jej adres z książki telefonicznej he knew her address from the telephone directory- wiem o tym z doświadczenia I know it from experience- z badań rynkowych wynika, że… from market research it emerges that…- dyrektor z wyboru/nominacji an elected/a nominated director- towary z importu imported goods- odrzuty z eksportu export rejects- znalazł sobie pracę z ogłoszenia he found a job through an ad4. (z określeniami czasu) from, of (czegoś sth)- zamek z XV wieku a castle (dating) from the 15th century- fotografie z lat szkolnych photographs from one’s school days- jego list z 12 maja his letter of 12 May- to jest rachunek za telefon z ubiegłego miesiąca this is the phone bill for a. from last month- z rana in the morning- z samego rana first thing in the morning5. (wskazuje na podstawę, wzór) from (czegoś sth)- rysunek z natury a drawing from nature- odpis z oryginału a duplicate of the original- wyrecytować coś z pamięci to recite sth from memory- przepisał dane z tablicy he copied down the data from the board6. (wskazuje na surowiec) of, from (czegoś sth)- z drzewa/ze stali of a. from wood/steel- zasmażka z mąki i wywaru a roux of a. from flour and stock- z czego to jest zrobione? what is it made of a. from?- wiązanka z czerwonych róż a bunch of red roses- sok z wiśni/malin cherry/raspberry juice- sałatka z pomidorów/selera a tomato/celery salad- dom wybudowany z cegieł a brick-built house7. (wskazuje na zbiór) of (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)- któryś z nich/nas one of them/us- jeden z uczniów one of the pupils- żaden z nauczycieli none of the teachers- najstarszy/najmłodszy z nich the oldest/youngest of them- czy któryś z was go zna? do any of you know him?- czy coś z tego rozumiesz? do you understand any of that?8. (wskazuje na przyczynę stanu) out of, from (czegoś sth)- z radości/ze strachu out of joy/fear- z konieczności (out) of necessity- zemdleć z wyczerpania to faint from exhaustion- umrzeć z głodu die of starvation- wyszła za mąż z miłości she married for love a. out of love- udusił się z braku powietrza he suffocated through lack of air9 (wskazuje na stan początkowy) from (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)- z nasion/pąków from seeds/buds- wyrosła z niej śliczna dziewczyna she grew into a very pretty girl- z majora awansował na pułkownika he was promoted from major to colonel- inflacja spadła z 10 do 8 procent inflation went down from 10 to 8 per cent- z niewinnej sprzeczki zrobiła się wielka awantura an innocent tiff turned into a big row pot.10 (wskazuje na cechę) znany/słynny z czegoś well-known/famous for sth- miasto słynie z zabytkowych budowli the town is famous for its historic buildings- z oczu jest podobna do matki her eyes are like her mother’s- ze sposobu bycia przypominał ojca he resembled his father in manner11 (wskazuje na natężenie) z całego serca with all one’s heart- ze wszystkich sił with all one’s might- z całą dokładnością with the utmost accuracy- podkreślić z całą mocą to emphasize most strongly- z grubsza roughly- z lekka lightly- z rzadka rarely, seldom- z uwagą attentively- z wysiłkiem with (an) effort12 (wskazuje na element całości) with (kimś/czymś sb/sth)- kawa z mlekiem coffee with milk- dom z ogrodem a house with a garden- dziewczyna z niebieskimi oczami a girl with blue eyes- matka z dzieckiem na ręku a mother carrying a. with a baby in her arms- samolot ze stu osobami na pokładzie a plane with a hundred people on board- chleb z masłem bread and butter- mieszkanie z umeblowaniem a furnished flat- sklep z używaną odzieżą a second-hand clothes shop- deszcz ze śniegiem sleet- podróżowała z mężem i dwojgiem dzieci she travelled with her husband and two children- dyskutował z synem he was arguing with his son- rozstał się ze swą przyjaciółką he parted with his girlfriend- zaprzyjaźniła się z nim dwa lata temu she became friendly with him two years ago- pójdziesz z nami do kina? are you going to the cinema with us?- wyszedł na spacer z psem he took the dog for a walk- porozmawiam z nim o tym jutro I’ll talk to him about it tomorrow13 (wskazuje na sposób) with (czymś sth)- z niedowierzaniem/ze zdumieniem in a. with disbelief/astonishment- okno zamknęło się z trzaskiem the window closed with a bang- obudził się z bólem głowy he woke up with a headache- leżał na trawie z rękami pod głową he was lying on the grass with his hands behind his head- płynąć z wiatrem/prądem to sail with the wind/current14 (wskazuje na cel) pójść do kogoś z prośbą o radę to go to sb to request advice- pośpieszyć komuś z pomocą to go to sb’s aid- pojechał do Niemiec z wykładami he went to Germany on a lecture tour15 (wskazuje na współzależność) with (czymś sth)- z wiekiem with age- wraz ze wzrostem ciśnienia with the growth of a. in pressure- z czasem with a. in time- z upływem czasu with the passing of time- z każdym dniem/rokiem with each passing day/year16 (z określeniami pory) with (czymś sth)- z końcem/początkiem sierpnia at the end/beginning of August- z nadejściem lata with the approach of summer17 (eliptyczne) about (kimś/czymś sb/sth)- co z artykułem? what about the article?- co się z tobą działo? what have you been doing with yourself?- co zrobić z tymi szmatami? what shall I do with these rags?- z babcią jest źle, znowu miała atak Granny’s not well, she’s had another seizure18 (w przysłówkach) literatura zwana z angielska science fiction literature known by the English name of science fiction- ubrany z niemiecka dressed in German style- mówił trochę z cudzoziemska he spoke with a slight foreign accentⅡ part. around, about- zajęło mi to z godzinę it took me around an hour- miał ze czterdzieści lat he was around forty* * ** * *I.że1conj.1. ( wprowadza zdanie podrzędne rozwijające treść) that; ona mówi, że on nie przyjdzie she says (that) he won't come; wiem, że to niemożliwe I know (that) it's impossible.2. (wprowadza zdanie podrzędne wyrażające przyczynę, uzasadnienie) as, because, for; nie zrobię tego dlatego, że już ci nie wierzę I won't do it because I don't trust you anymore.3. ( wprowadza zdanie podrzędne wyrażające skutek) so... that; był tak zmęczony, że ledwie szedł he was so tired that he could hardly walk.4. ( w związkach wyrazowych) mimo że l. tyle że despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that; nadal był zdrów, tyle że się postarzał he was still in good health, except (for the fact) that he grew old.II.że2particle1. ( rozpoczyna zdanie) że też o tym nie wiedziałam! I wish I had known; że już nie wspomnę... let alone...; że tak powiem so to say, so to speak; że już nie wspomnę o X never mind X, not to mention X.2. ( w składzie wyrażeń o charakterze spójnikowym lub modalnym) although, nevertheless; mimo że był chory, poszedł do szkoły although he was sick he went to school, he was sick, nevertheless he went to school; omalże almost; tylko że only.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > że
-
63 por
prep.1 because of (causa).por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me¿por qué? why?¿por qué lo dijo? why did she say it?¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?¿por? (informal) why?se enfadó por tu comportamiento she got angry because of your behaviorlo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love2 (in order) to.lo hizo por complacerte he did it to please youlo hice por ella I did it for her3 by (medio, modo, agente).por mensajero/fax/teléfono by courier/fax/telephoneestuvimos hablando por teléfono we were talking on the phonepor escrito in writinglo cogieron por el brazo they took him by the armel récord fue batido por el atleta the record was broken by the athlete4 through.vamos por aquí/allí let's go this/that wayiba paseando por el bosque/la calle she was walking through the forest/along the streetpasar por la aduana to go through customs5 for (a cambio de, en lugar de).lo ha comprado por poco dinero she bought it for very littlecambió el coche por la moto he exchanged his car for a motorbikeél lo hará por mí he'll do it for me6 per.80 céntimos por unidad 80 cents eachmil unidades por semana a thousand units a o per weekuno por uno one by one20 kms por hora 20 km an o per hour7 for.baja por tabaco go down to the shops for some cigarettes, go down to get some cigarettesa por forvino a por las entradas she came for the tickets8 times, multiplied by.* * *1 (gen) for2 (a través de) through, by3 (calle, carretera) along, down, up■ íbamos por la calle cuando... we were walking along the street when...4 (lugar aproximado) in, near, round5 (causa) because of6 (tiempo) at, for7 (medio) by8 (autoría) by9 (distribución) per10 (tras) by11 (con pasiva) by12 (a favor de) for, in favour of, US in favor of13 (en calidad de) as14 (en lugar de) instead of, in the place of15 (multiplicado por) times, multiplied by■ tres por cuatro, doce three fours are twelve, three times four is twelve■ por caro que sea, lo voy a comprar no matter how expensive it is I'm going to buy it■ por viejo que parezca funciona even though it looks old, it still works\estar por hacer to remain to be done, not to have been done yetpor aquí around herepor lo tanto thereforepor lo visto apparentlypor más que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how muchpor mucho que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how muchpor mí as far as I am concerned¿por qué? why?por supuesto of coursepor tanto therefore, so* * *prep.1) for2) during3) by4) through5) along6) around7) per8) from9) because of10) instead of•* * *PREPOSICIÓN1) [causa]a) + sustantivo because of•
por temor a — for fear ofb) + infinc) + adj2) [objetivo]a) + sustantivo forb) + infinpor no llegar tarde — so as not to arrive late, in order not to be late
3) (=en favor, defensa de) forhazlo por mí — do it for me, do it for my sake
4) [elección]5) [evidencia] judging by, judging frompor lo que dicen — judging by o from what they say
por la cara que pone no debe de gustarle — judging by o from his face I don't think he likes it
por las señas no piensa hacerlo — apparently he's not intending to do it, it doesn't seem like he's intending to do it
6) [medio]7) [agente] by"dirigido por" — "directed by"
8) [modo] by•
por orden alfabético — in alphabetical order9) [lugar]¿por dónde? — which way?
10) [aproximación]por aquí cerca — near o around here
por la feria — round about o around carnival time
11) [tiempo]por la mañana siempre tengo mucho trabajo — I always have a lot of work in o during the morning
12) [duración] for13) [sustitución, intercambio] (=a cambio de) for; (=en lugar de) instead ofhoy doy yo la clase por él — today I'm giving the class for him o in his place
14) [representación]hablo por todos — I speak on behalf of o for everyone
interceder por algn — to intercede on sb's behalf, intercede for sb
vino por su jefe — he came instead of o in place of his boss
15) [distribución]80km por hora — 80km per o an hour
tres dólares por persona — three dollars each, three dollars per person
16) [en multiplicaciones]cinco por tres, quince — five times three is fifteen, five threes are fifteen
17) (=en cuanto a)por mí no hay inconveniente — that's fine as o so far as I'm concerned
por mí, que se vaya — as o so far as I'm concerned he can go, for all I care he can go
por mí, como si quieres pasar una semana sin comer — I don't care if you want to go for a week without eating
si por mi fuera, tú estarías trabajando — if it were o was down to me, you'd be working
18) (=como)•
tomar a algn por esposo/esposa — to take sb to be one's husband/wife19) [concesión]+ subjunpor (muy) difícil que sea — however hard it is o may be
por mucho que lo quisieran — however much they would like to, much as they would like to
por más que lo intente — no matter how o however hard I try, try as I might
20) [acción inacabada]+ infin21) ir (a) por algo/algn (=en busca de) to go and get sth/sbvoy por el médico — I'll go and fetch o get the doctor
voy a por él — [a buscarle] I'll go and get him; [a atacarle] I'm going to get him
solo van a por las pelas — * they're only in it for the money
¡a por ellos! — get them!
22) [en preguntas]por qué why¿por? * why (do you ask)?¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?
* * *1) ( en relaciones causales) because ofpor falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money
si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...
por + inf — for -ing
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido — he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2) ( según)por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...
3) (en locs)¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?
por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try
por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is
5)a) ( en expresiones de modo)colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height
b) ( indicando el medio)por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road
me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend
lo intenté por todos los medios — I tried everything possible o every possible way
c) (Educ) from6)cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class
120 kilómetros por hora — 120 kilometers an o per hour
uno por uno — one by one; ciento II
b) ( en multiplicaciones)tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve
7)a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) forsu secretaria firmó por él — his secretary signed for him o on his behalf
yo puedo ir por ti — I can go for you o in your place
podrías pasar por inglesa — you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman
b) ( como)¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?
8) ( introduciendo el agente) by9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her
eso es hablar por hablar — that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it
por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him
10) (indicando consideración, favor) forpor mí no lo hagas — don't do it just for me o for my sake
11) (indicando inclinación, elección)12) ( en busca de)salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
13) ( en lo que respecta a)por mí no hay inconveniente — I don't mind
por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes
por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean
15) (esp AmL)estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)
16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?
¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?
¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?
17)¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?
¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?
por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere
voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15
c) ( indicando extensión)viajamos por el norte de Francia — we travelled around o in the North of France
pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc
18) ( expresando tiempo aproximado)por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time
19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for20) ( durante) forpor el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche
* * *= across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.Ex. This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.Ex. I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.Ex. This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.Ex. A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.Ex. Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.Ex. Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.Ex. The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.Ex. There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.Ex. Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.Ex. Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.Ex. AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.Ex. Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.Ex. The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.Ex. 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.Ex. One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.Ex. Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.Ex. Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.Ex. But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.Ex. This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.----* actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.* búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.* coger por sorpresa = catch out.* Día + por la tarde = late + Día.* digamos por ejemplo = let us say.* dominar por completo = sweep + the board.* encontrar por casualidad = come across.* encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.* error por omisión = omission failure.* estar por delante de = be ahead of.* hecho por encargo = bespoke.* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.* leer por encima = browse.* llamar por teléfono = call up.* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.* Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.* ordenado por fecha = in date order.* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.* pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.* por accidente = accidentally.* por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].* por ahí = out there.* por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.* por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.* por algún tiempo = for sometime.* por allí = nearby [near-by].* por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por analogía = by analogy.* por anticipado = in advance (of).* por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.* por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.* por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.* por aquí y por allí = hanging about.* por así decir = as it were.* por boca de = by word of mouth.* por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.* por buen camino = a step in the right direction.* por cabeza = per person.* por cable = wireline, corded.* por caminos apartados = off-road.* por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.* por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).* por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.* por coincidencia = by coincidence.* por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por completo = fully.* por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.* por consideración a = out of respect for.* por consideración a = out of consideration for.* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.* por contra = in contrast.* por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por correo = by post, mailed.* por cortesía de = courtesy of.* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.* por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.* por cuanto que = because.* por cuenta ajena = vicariously.* por cuenta de uno = privately.* por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.* por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.* por curiosidad = out of curiosity.* por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.* por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.* por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.* por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.* por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.* por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].* por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.* por décadas = ten-yearly.* por decidir = to be decided.* por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.* por decisión propia = by choice.* por defecto = by default, default.* por deferencia a = in deference to.* por definición = by definition.* por delante = ahead.* por delante de = ahead of.* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.* por delante y por detrás = front and back.* por dentro = inwardly.* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.* por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.* ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.* ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por divertirse = for kicks.* por doquier = all around.* por dos años = two-year.* por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.* por (el) amor a = for the love of.* ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.* por el cual = whereby, whereupon.* por el detalle = for detail.* por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.* por el día o por la noche = day or night.* por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.* por elección propia = by choice.* por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.* por el gobierno federal = federally.* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.* por el hombre = humanly.* por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.* por el modo = by the way.* por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.* por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.* por el receptor = at the receiving end.* por el sexo = gendered.* por encargo = custom, bespoke.* por encima = overhead, cursorily.* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.* por encima de eso = beyond that.* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.* por encima de la media = above average.* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.* por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.* por enfado = out of anger.* por enojo = out of anger.* por error = by mistake.* por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.* por escrito = in writing, in print, written.* por eso = on that score, therefore.* por eso que = hence.* por esta razón = for this reason.* por esta única razón = for this reason alone.* por este motivo = for this reason.* por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.* por etapas = staged.* por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.* por exceso = excessively, to excess.* por explotar = untapped.* por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.* por extensión = by extension.* por extenso = in full, at length.* por falta de = for want of, for lack of.* por fases = staged.* por favor = please.* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].* por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.* por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).* por frustración = out of frustration.* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.* por grupos = in batches.* por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por hora = hourly.* por horas = on an hourly basis.* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).* por imitación = copycat.* por incremento gradual = incremental.* por incrementos graduales = incrementally.* por individuo = per capita, per person.* por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.* por instinto = instinctively.* por interés = out of interest.* por interés personal = self-interested.* por investigar = unresearched.* por invitación = invitational.* por invitación de = at the invitation of.* por la borda = overboard.* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.* por la forma = by the way.* por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.* por la fuerza = forcibly.* por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.* por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.* por la manera = by the way.* por la mañana = in the morning.* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.* por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.* por la presente = hereby.* por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.* por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.* por las nubes = soaring.* por la tarde = in the evening.* por ley = mandated.* por libre = freelance.* por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.* por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.* por lo pronto = for the time being.* por lo que = so.* por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.* por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.* por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.* por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.* por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.* por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.* por los suelos = in tatters.* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por lo visto = apparently, apparently.* por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.* por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.* por mal camino = astray.* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.* por materias = subject-based, topically.* por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.* por medio = out of.* por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.* por medio de isótopos = isotopically.* por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.* por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.* por menús = menu-driven.* por méritos = meritorious.* por mes = per month.* por miedo de = for fear of/that.* por millones = in the millions, by the millions.* por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.* por muchas razones = in many ways.* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.* por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.* por nada = for nothing.* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.* por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.* por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.* por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.* por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.* por no decir nunca = if ever.* por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.* por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.* por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.* por no mencionar = not to mention.* por norma = as a rule.* por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.* por orden de = mandated.* por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.* por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.* por orden numérico = in numerical order.* por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* por parejas = in pairs.* por parte de = on the part of.* por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por pereza = lazily.* por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.* por persona = per person.* por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por poco dinero = cheaply.* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.* por poderes = by proxy.* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.* por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.* por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.* por principio = on principle.* por principios = as a matter of principle.* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.* por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.* por pura diversión = for kicks.* por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por qué = why.* por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.* por razones de = for the sake of.* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.* por razones éticas = on moral grounds.* por razones morales = on moral grounds.* por razones personales = for personal reasons.* por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.* por rencor = out of spite.* por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.* por rumores = grapevine.* por rutina = routinely.* por sacos = by the sackful.* por satélite = satellite-based.* por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.* por seguridad = for safety reasons.* por semana = per week.* por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.* por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.* por sexo = along gender lines.* por si = in the chance that.* por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.* por si casualidad = in the chance that.* por si era poco = for good measure.* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.* por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.* por sí mismos = in themselves.* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].* por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.* por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.* por sorpresa = unawares.* por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.* por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.* por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.* por su papel = in its role.* por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.* por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.* por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.* ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.* por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.* por su volatilidad = mercurially.* por su volubilidad = mercurially.* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.* por temas = topically.* por temor a = for fear of/that.* por temor a represalias = under duress.* por término medio = on average.* por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].* por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.* por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].* por toda la provincia = province-wide.* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.* por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.* por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].* por todo el continente = continent-wide.* por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].* por todo el gobierno = government-wide.* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.* por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.* por todo el servicio = service-wide.* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.* por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.* por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.* por todos conocido = well-known.* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.* por todos los medios = by all means.* por todos sitios = everywhere.* por triplicado = in triplicate.* por trueque = in kind.* por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.* por unanimidad = unanimously.* por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.* por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.* por unidad = per unit.* por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.* por un momento = for a moment.* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.* por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.* por uno solo = solo.* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.* por un tiempo = for a time.* por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.* por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.* por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.* por venganza = out of spite.* por voluntad propia = voluntarily.* quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.* transporte por tierra = land transport.* utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.* venta al por mayor = wholesaling.* * *1) ( en relaciones causales) because ofpor falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money
si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...
por + inf — for -ing
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido — he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2) ( según)por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...
3) (en locs)¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?
por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try
por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is
5)a) ( en expresiones de modo)colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height
b) ( indicando el medio)por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road
me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend
lo intenté por todos los medios — I tried everything possible o every possible way
c) (Educ) from6)cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class
120 kilómetros por hora — 120 kilometers an o per hour
uno por uno — one by one; ciento II
b) ( en multiplicaciones)tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve
7)a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) forsu secretaria firmó por él — his secretary signed for him o on his behalf
yo puedo ir por ti — I can go for you o in your place
podrías pasar por inglesa — you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman
b) ( como)¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?
8) ( introduciendo el agente) by9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her
eso es hablar por hablar — that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it
por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him
10) (indicando consideración, favor) forpor mí no lo hagas — don't do it just for me o for my sake
11) (indicando inclinación, elección)12) ( en busca de)salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
13) ( en lo que respecta a)por mí no hay inconveniente — I don't mind
por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes
por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean
15) (esp AmL)estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)
16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?
¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?
¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?
17)¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?
¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?
por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere
voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15
c) ( indicando extensión)viajamos por el norte de Francia — we travelled around o in the North of France
pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc
18) ( expresando tiempo aproximado)por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time
19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for20) ( durante) forpor el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche
* * *= across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.
Ex: This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.Ex: I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.Ex: This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.Ex: A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.Ex: Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.Ex: Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.Ex: The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.Ex: There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.Ex: Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.Ex: Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.Ex: AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.Ex: The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.Ex: 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.Ex: One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.Ex: Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.Ex: Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.Ex: But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.Ex: This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.* actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.* búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.* coger por sorpresa = catch out.* Día + por la tarde = late + Día.* digamos por ejemplo = let us say.* dominar por completo = sweep + the board.* encontrar por casualidad = come across.* encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.* error por omisión = omission failure.* estar por delante de = be ahead of.* hecho por encargo = bespoke.* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.* leer por encima = browse.* llamar por teléfono = call up.* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.* Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.* ordenado por fecha = in date order.* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.* pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.* por accidente = accidentally.* por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].* por ahí = out there.* por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.* por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.* por algún tiempo = for sometime.* por allí = nearby [near-by].* por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por analogía = by analogy.* por anticipado = in advance (of).* por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.* por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.* por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.* por aquí y por allí = hanging about.* por así decir = as it were.* por boca de = by word of mouth.* por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.* por buen camino = a step in the right direction.* por cabeza = per person.* por cable = wireline, corded.* por caminos apartados = off-road.* por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.* por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).* por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.* por coincidencia = by coincidence.* por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por completo = fully.* por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.* por consideración a = out of respect for.* por consideración a = out of consideration for.* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.* por contra = in contrast.* por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por correo = by post, mailed.* por cortesía de = courtesy of.* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.* por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.* por cuanto que = because.* por cuenta ajena = vicariously.* por cuenta de uno = privately.* por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.* por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.* por curiosidad = out of curiosity.* por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.* por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.* por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.* por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.* por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.* por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].* por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.* por décadas = ten-yearly.* por decidir = to be decided.* por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.* por decisión propia = by choice.* por defecto = by default, default.* por deferencia a = in deference to.* por definición = by definition.* por delante = ahead.* por delante de = ahead of.* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.* por delante y por detrás = front and back.* por dentro = inwardly.* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.* por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.* ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.* ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por divertirse = for kicks.* por doquier = all around.* por dos años = two-year.* por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.* por (el) amor a = for the love of.* ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.* por el cual = whereby, whereupon.* por el detalle = for detail.* por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.* por el día o por la noche = day or night.* por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.* por elección propia = by choice.* por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.* por el gobierno federal = federally.* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.* por el hombre = humanly.* por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.* por el modo = by the way.* por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.* por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.* por el receptor = at the receiving end.* por el sexo = gendered.* por encargo = custom, bespoke.* por encima = overhead, cursorily.* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.* por encima de eso = beyond that.* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.* por encima de la media = above average.* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.* por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.* por enfado = out of anger.* por enojo = out of anger.* por error = by mistake.* por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.* por escrito = in writing, in print, written.* por eso = on that score, therefore.* por eso que = hence.* por esta razón = for this reason.* por esta única razón = for this reason alone.* por este motivo = for this reason.* por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.* por etapas = staged.* por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.* por exceso = excessively, to excess.* por explotar = untapped.* por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.* por extensión = by extension.* por extenso = in full, at length.* por falta de = for want of, for lack of.* por fases = staged.* por favor = please.* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].* por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.* por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).* por frustración = out of frustration.* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.* por grupos = in batches.* por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por hora = hourly.* por horas = on an hourly basis.* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).* por imitación = copycat.* por incremento gradual = incremental.* por incrementos graduales = incrementally.* por individuo = per capita, per person.* por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.* por instinto = instinctively.* por interés = out of interest.* por interés personal = self-interested.* por investigar = unresearched.* por invitación = invitational.* por invitación de = at the invitation of.* por la borda = overboard.* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.* por la forma = by the way.* por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.* por la fuerza = forcibly.* por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.* por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.* por la manera = by the way.* por la mañana = in the morning.* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.* por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.* por la presente = hereby.* por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.* por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.* por las nubes = soaring.* por la tarde = in the evening.* por ley = mandated.* por libre = freelance.* por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.* por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.* por lo pronto = for the time being.* por lo que = so.* por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.* por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.* por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.* por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.* por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.* por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.* por los suelos = in tatters.* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por lo visto = apparently, apparently.* por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.* por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.* por mal camino = astray.* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.* por materias = subject-based, topically.* por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.* por medio = out of.* por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.* por medio de isótopos = isotopically.* por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.* por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.* por menús = menu-driven.* por méritos = meritorious.* por mes = per month.* por miedo de = for fear of/that.* por millones = in the millions, by the millions.* por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.* por muchas razones = in many ways.* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.* por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.* por nada = for nothing.* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.* por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.* por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.* por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.* por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.* por no decir nunca = if ever.* por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.* por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.* por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.* por no mencionar = not to mention.* por norma = as a rule.* por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.* por orden de = mandated.* por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.* por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.* por orden numérico = in numerical order.* por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* por parejas = in pairs.* por parte de = on the part of.* por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por pereza = lazily.* por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.* por persona = per person.* por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por poco dinero = cheaply.* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.* por poderes = by proxy.* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.* por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.* por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.* por principio = on principle.* por principios = as a matter of principle.* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.* por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.* por pura diversión = for kicks.* por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por qué = why.* por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.* por razones de = for the sake of.* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.* por razones éticas = on moral grounds.* por razones morales = on moral grounds.* por razones personales = for personal reasons.* por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.* por rencor = out of spite.* por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.* por rumores = grapevine.* por rutina = routinely.* por sacos = by the sackful.* por satélite = satellite-based.* por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.* por seguridad = for safety reasons.* por semana = per week.* por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.* por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.* por sexo = along gender lines.* por si = in the chance that.* por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.* por si casualidad = in the chance that.* por si era poco = for good measure.* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.* por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.* por sí mismos = in themselves.* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].* por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.* por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.* por sorpresa = unawares.* por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.* por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.* por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.* por su papel = in its role.* por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.* por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.* por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.* ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.* por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.* por su volatilidad = mercurially.* por su volubilidad = mercurially.* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.* por temas = topically.* por temor a = for fear of/that.* por temor a represalias = under duress.* por término medio = on average.* por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].* por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.* por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].* por toda la provincia = province-wide.* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.* por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.* por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].* por todo el continente = continent-wide.* por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].* por todo el gobierno = government-wide.* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.* por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.* por todo el servicio = service-wide.* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.* por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.* por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.* por todos conocido = well-known.* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.* por todos los medios = by all means.* por todos sitios = everywhere.* por triplicado = in triplicate.* por trueque = in kind.* por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.* por unanimidad = unanimously.* por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.* por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.* por unidad = per unit.* por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.* por un momento = for a moment.* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.* por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.* por uno solo = solo.* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.* por un tiempo = for a time.* por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.* por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.* por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.* por venganza = out of spite.* por voluntad propia = voluntarily.* quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.* transporte por tierra = land transport.* utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.* venta al por mayor = wholesaling.* * *A en relaciones causalesB segúnC ¿por qué?D en locucionesE en expresiones concesivasF1 en expresiones de modo2 indicando el medio3 EducaciónG1 en relaciones de proporción2 en multiplicacionesH1 en relaciones de sustitución etc2 por ejemploI comoA al expresar finalidad, objetivoB indicando consideración, favorC indicando inclinación, elecciónD en busca deE en lo que respecta aF indicando una situación pendienteG estar porA indicando lugar de acceso, salidaBC expresando lugar determinadoD indicando extensiónA expresando tiempo aproximadoB indicando una ocasiónC duranteA (en relaciones causales) because ofhe puesto esto aquí por el gato I've put this here because of the catnunca se lo dijo por miedo a perderla he never told her out of fear of losing her o because he was afraid of losing hereso te pasa por crédulo that's what you get for being (so) gulliblelo conseguimos por él we got it thanks to himella es así por naturaleza she's like that by naturelo hace por necesidad he does it out of necessityno se acabó por falta de dinero it wasn't finished for o because of o owing to lack of moneyel final no por conocido me resulta menos triste knowing how it ends doesn't make it any less sadpor su alto contenido en proteínas because of o owing to its high protein contenttanto por su precio como por su practicidad both for its price and its practical designfue por eso por lo que no te llamé or fue por eso que no te llamé that was the reason o that was why I didn't call youprecisamente por eso no dije nada that's precisely why I didn't say anythingla muerte se produjo por asfixia he suffocated, death was caused by suffocation ( frml)éste serviría si no fuera por el color this one would do if it weren't for the colorfue elogiado por su excelente actuación he was praised for his excellent performancepor + INF for -INGme pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to meB (según) frompor lo que he oído from what I've heardpor lo que parece no va a volver it seems o it would seem he's not coming backpor mi experiencia diría que … from my experience, I would say that …C ( fam):¿por? why?¿con quién vas? — con Daniel ¿por? who are you going with? — with Daniel, why? o why do you want to know?D ( en locuciones):por qué why¿por qué lloras? why are you crying?¿por qué no vienes a almorzar a casa? why don't you come to my house for lunch?por si in casellévate una muda, por si tuvieras que quedarte take a change of clothes (just) in case you have to stayE (en expresiones concesivas) por … QUE:por más que me esfuerzo me sigue saliendo mal no matter how hard I try o however hard I try, I still can't get it right(+ subj): por (muy) fácil que se lo pongan, no creo que lo sepa hacer however easy o no matter how easy they make it for him I don't think he'll be able to do itF1(en expresiones de modo): clasifícalos por tamaño classify them according to size o by sizecolóquense por orden de altura line up in order of heightpor adelantado in advancepor escrito in writing2(indicando el medio): se lo comunicaron por teléfono they told him over the phonelo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radiolo mandaron por avión/barco they sent it by air/seapor carretera by roadla conocí por la voz I recognized the o her voice, I recognized her by her voiceme enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friendconocido por el nombre de Pancho known as Pancholo intenté por todos los medios I tried everything possible o every possible way3 ( Educación):es doctor honoris causa por Oxford he has an honorary doctorate from Oxfordun graduado en ciencias políticas por la universidad de Granada a graduate in political science from the university of GranadaG1(en relaciones de proporción): cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hourlo venden por metro they sell it by the metertú comes por tres you eat enough for three peoplehabía un hombre por cada dos mujeres there was one man to every two womentiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wideya hemos hecho bastante por hoy we've done enough for todaylos hizo entrar uno por uno she made them come in one by one o one at a timeexaminar un escrito punto por punto to go through a document point by point(en multiplicaciones): tres por cuatro (son) doce three times four is twelve, three fours are twelveH1(en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación): su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalfyo puedo ir por ti I can go for you o in your placepor toda respuesta se encogió de hombros all he did was shrug his shoulderstú podrías pasar por inglesa you could pass as English o for an Englishwomante dan uno nuevo por dos viejos they give you one new one in exchange for two old oneses senador por Canarias he's a senator for the Canary Islands2(como): por ejemplo for example¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?un lugar frecuentado por muchos famosos a place frequented by many famous peoplese vieron sorprendidos por una tormenta they were caught in a sudden stormla ocupación de la fábrica por (parte de) los obreros the occupation of the factory by the workersA(al expresar finalidad, objetivo): se estaban peleando por la pelota they were fighting over the balllo hace por el dinero he does it for the moneyte lo digo por tu bien I'm telling you for your own goodpor + INF:daría cualquier cosa por verte contento I'd give anything to see you happyno entré por no molestar I didn't go in so as not to disturb him o because I didn't want to disturb himeso es hablar por hablar that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of itestaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to himrecemos por que lleguen a un acuerdo let's pray that they'll come to an agreementsiguieron luchando por que se hiciera justicia they continued fighting for justice to be doneB(indicando consideración, favor): haría cualquier cosa por ti I'd do anything for youintercede por nosotros intercede for uspor mí no lo hagas don't do it just for me o for my sakeC(indicando inclinación, elección): su amor por la música her love of musicdemostró gran interés por el cuadro he showed great interest in the paintingno siento nada por él I don't feel anything for himopté por no ir I chose not to govotó por ella he voted for her¿por la afirmativa? all those in favor?se manifestaron por el derecho al aborto they demonstrated for the right to abortionestar por algn ( fam); to be crazy about sbD(en busca de): salió/fue poror ( Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some breadE(en lo que respecta a): por mí no hay inconveniente I don't mindque haga lo que le dé la gana, por mí … let him do what he likes, as far as I'm concerned …F (indicando una situación pendiente) por + INF:tengo toda la casa por limpiar I've got the whole house to cleanestos cambios aún están por hacer these changes have still not been made o are yet to be madeG( AmL) estar por + INF (estar a punto de): deben de estar por llegar they should be arriving any minutela leche está por hervir the milk's about to boilA(indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria): entró por la ventana he came in through the windowsal por aquí go out this wayel acceso al edificio es por la calle Lamas you enter the building from Lamas Streetel piano no va a pasar por la puerta the piano won't go through the doorse cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairssubieron por la ladera este they went up by the east face¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?fuimos por el camino más largo we took the longer routeno vayas por ahí que te vas a perder don't go that way, you'll get lost¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?B(expresando lugar indeterminado): está por ahí he's over there somewhere¿por dónde está or queda el restaurante? whereabouts is the restaurant?viven por el sur/por mi barrio they live in the south somewhere/around my areahace mucho que no lo vemos por aquí we haven't seen him around here for ages¿qué tal te fue por Londres? how did you get on in London?C(expresando lugar determinado): corta por aquí cut herevoy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15empieza por el principio start at the beginningagárralo por el mango hold it by the handleD(indicando extensión): lo he buscado por todos lados or por todas partes I've looked everywhere for itla epidemia se extendió por todo el país the epidemic spread throughout the (whole) countryestuvimos viajando por el norte de Francia we were traveling around o in the North of Francefuimos a caminar por la playa we went for a walk along the beachpasa un trapo por el piso give the floor a quick wipeA(expresando tiempo aproximado): por aquella época at that timepor aquel entonces vivían en Pozuelo at that time they were living in Pozuelosucedió por allá por 1960 it happened some time back around 1960B ( Esp) (indicando una ocasión) forme lo regalaron por mi cumpleaños they gave it to me for my birthdaypor Semana Santa pensamos ir a Londres we're thinking of going to London for EasterC (durante) forpor los siglos de los siglos for ever and everno se lo confío ni por un minuto I wouldn't trust him with it for a minutepuede quedar así por el momento or por ahora it can stay like that for the time being o for now* * *
por preposición
1 ( causa) because of;◊ por falta de dinero because of o owing to lack of money;
por naturaleza by nature;
por necesidad out of necessity;
por eso no dije nada that's why I didn't say anything;
fue por eso que no te llamé that was why I didn't call you;
si no fuera por mi hijo … if it wasn't for my son …;
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2 ( en locs)
no dijo por qué he didn't say why;
¿por qué no vienes conmigo? why don't you come with me?;
por si in case;
por si no entiende in case he doesn't understand;
See Also→ acaso 2, mosca
3 ( en expresiones concesivas):◊ por más que me esfuerzo however hard o no matter how hard I try;
por (muy) fácil que sea however easy o no matter how easy it is
4a) ( modo):
por adelantado in advance;
por escrito in writingb) ( medio):
lo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radio;
por avión by air;
la conocí por la voz I recognized her by her voice;
me enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friend
5a) ( proporción):◊ cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class;
120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hour;
por metro/docena by the meter/dozen;
tú comes por tres you eat enough for three people;
tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wide;
uno por uno one by one;
See Also→ ciento sustantivo masculino bb) ( en multiplicaciones):
6
◊ su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalf;
pasa por inglesa she passes for an Englishwomanb) ( como):
7 ( introduciendo el agente) by;
1 (finalidad, objetivo):
lo hace por el dinero he does it for the money;
no entré por no molestarlo I didn't go in because I didn't want to disturb him;
por que + subj (here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to him
2 (indicando inclinación, elección):
no siento nada por él I don't feel anything for him;
votó por ella he voted for her
3 ( en busca de): salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
4 ( en lo que respecta a):◊ por mí que haga lo que quiera as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes
5 (esp AmL) estar por + inf ( estar a punto de) to be about to + inf;
deben (de) estar por llegar they should be arriving any minute
1a) ( lugar):
sal por aquí go out this way;
se cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairs;
¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?;
¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?;
está por ahí he's over there somewhere;
¿por dónde está el hotel? whereabouts is the hotel?;
viven por mi barrio they live around my area;
voy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15;
empieza por el principio start at the beginning;
agárralo por el mango hold it by the handle
◊ viajamos por el norte de Francia we traveled around o in the North of France;
ver tb dentro, fuera, encima, etc
2 ( tiempo) for;
por el momento or por ahora for the time being, for now;
ver tb mañana, tarde, noche
3 (Esp) ( ocasión) for;
por preposición
1 (autoría) by: está escrito por mí, it was written by me
2 (camino, lugar) through: viajamos por Castilla, we travelled round Castilla
3 (medio) lo enviaron por avión, they sent it by plane
me enteré por el periódico, I read about it in the newspaper
4 (motivo, causa) because of
por tu culpa, because of you
(en favor de) for: hazlo por ellos, do it for their sake
por la libertad, for freedom
5 (en torno a) por San Juan, near Saint John's Day
6 (durante) por la mañana/noche, in the morning/at night
por el momento, for the time being
7 (a través) entramos por la puerta, we got in through the door
miramos por la ventana, we looked out (of) the window
pasamos por la ciudad, we went through the town
8 (sobre, por encima de) cruzaremos por el puente, we'll cross the bridge
9 (delante de) paso todos los días por tu casa, I go by your house every day
10 (a cambio de) for: te doy mi helado por tu yogur, I'll swap you my ice-cream for your yoghurt
11 (en una distribución, cálculo) por cabeza, a head, per person
mil pesetas por hora, a thousand pesetas per hour
dos mil revoluciones por minuto, two thousand revolutions per minute
12 (en una multiplicación) dos por dos, cuatro, two times two is four
un diez por ciento, ten per cent
13 (con infinitivo) in order to, so as to
trabajar por trabajar, to work for the sake of it
♦ Locuciones: por así decirlo, so to speak
por más/mucho que..., no matter how...
por qué, why
' por' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abogar
- abonar
- abonarse
- abotargada
- abotargado
- abuelo
- acabar
- acaso
- accidente
- acercarse
- acertar
- aclamación
- acomplejada
- acomplejado
- acomplejarse
- acoquinar
- acostumbrar
- actual
- adelantada
- adelantado
- adivinar
- admitir
- adoración
- aérea
- aéreo
- afanarse
- afectada I
- afectado
- afición
- agradecer
- aguantar
- ahí
- ahogada
- ahogado
- ahora
- ahorcarse
- ahorrar
- aire
- alegrarse
- algo
- allá
- allí
- almacén
- alquiler
- alta
- alto
- aludida
- aludido
- amarga
English:
A
- aback
- ablaze
- about
- above
- absence
- absorb
- accident
- accidentally
- acclaim
- accompany
- accord
- accordingly
- account
- accustom
- actual
- actually
- add to
- advocate
- after
- afternoon
- again
- against
- air
- airmail
- alert
- allowance
- alone
- alphabetically
- alternately
- amble
- amends
- amok
- angry
- annihilate
- annoy
- answer for
- answering service
- antipathy
- anxious
- anywhere
- apologetic
- apologize
- appal
- appall
- apparently
- appearance
- appease
- appointment
- appreciate
* * *por prep1. [indica causa] because of;llegó tarde por el tráfico she was late because of the traffic;lo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love;me disculpé por llegar tarde I apologized for arriving late;miré dentro por simple curiosidad I looked inside out of pure curiosity;accidentes por conducción temeraria accidents caused by reckless driving;muertes por enfermedades cardiovasculares deaths from cardiovascular disease;no quise llamar por la hora (que era) I didn't want to call because of the time;cerrado por vacaciones/reformas [en letrero] closed for holidays/alterations;por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me;Espfue por eso por lo que tuvimos tantos problemas, Am [m5] fue por eso que tuvimos tantos problemas that's why we had so many problems;eso te pasa por (ser tan) generoso that's what you get for being so generous;la razón por (la) que dimite the reason (why) she is resigning;¿por qué? why?;¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?;¿por qué lo preguntas? – por nada why do you ask? – no reason;Fam¿por? why?;por si in case;por si se te olvida in case you forget2. [indica indicio]por lo que me dices/lo que he oído no debe de ser tan difícil from what you say/what I've heard, it can't be that difficult;por lo que tengo entendido, viven juntos as I understand it, they live together, my understanding is that they live together;por lo visto, por lo que se ve apparently3. [indica finalidad] (antes de infinitivo) (in order) to;* * *prp1 motivo for, because of;lo hace por mí he does it for me;lo hizo por amor she did it out of o for love;luchó por sus ideales he fought for his ideals;por miedo a ofenderle for fear of upsetting her;vino por verme he came to see me2 medio by;por avión by air;por correo by mail, Brtb by post3 tiempo:por un año/un segundo for a year/a second;por la mañana in the morning;por Navidad around Christmas:por la calle down the street;por un tunel through a tunnel;por aquí this way5 posición aproximada around, about;está por aquí it’s around here (somewhere);vive por el centro de la ciudad she lives somewhere around the center of town6 cambio:por cincuenta pesos for fifty pesos;por cabeza each, a head:por hora an o per hour;dos por dos two times two;¿por qué? why?;por el que … the reason why …;esa factura aún está por pagar that invoice still has to be paid;tomar por esposa marry;por difícil que sea however difficult it might be* * *por prep1) : for, duringse quedaron allí por la semana: they stayed there during the weekpor el momento: for now, at the moment2) : around, duringpor noviembre empieza a nevar: around November it starts to snowpor la mañana: in the morning3) : around (a place)debe estar por allí: it must be over therepor todas partes: everywhere4) : by, through, alongpor la puerta: through the doorpasé por tu casa: I stopped by your housepor la costa: along the coast5) : for, for the sake oflo hizo por su madre: he did it for his mother¡por Dios!: for heaven's sake!6) : because of, on account ofllegué tarde por el tráfico: I arrived late because of the trafficdejar por imposible: to give up as impossible7) : per60 millas por hora: 60 miles per hourpor docena: by the dozen8) : for, in exchange for, instead ofsu hermana habló por él: his sister spoke on his behalf9) : by means ofhablar por teléfono: to talk on the phonepor escrito: in writing10) : as forpor mí: as far as I'm concerned11) : timestres por dos son seis: three times two is six12) según: from, according topor lo que dices: judging from what you're telling me13) : as, forpor ejemplo: for example14) : byhecho por mi abuela: made by my grandmotherpor correo: by mail15) : for, in order tolucha por ganar su respeto: he struggles to win her respectestar por : to be about topor ciento : percentpor favor : pleasepor lo tanto : therefore, consequently¿por qué? : why?por... que : no matter howpor mucho que intente: no matter how hard I trypor si orpor si acaso : just in case* * *por prep1. (a través de) through2. (la calle) along / down3. (indica camino) via / by6. (a causa de) because of7. (a fin de) to / in order to8. (indica el autor) by9. (en favor o defensa de) for10. (multiplicado) times11. (a cambio de) for12. (en vez de) instead ofir por / ir a por to fetch¡ve a por mis zapatillas, por favor! fetch my slippers, please!por lo general generally / usuallypor si... in case...¿por qué? why? -
64 el
art.the (in general).el coche the carla casa the houselos niños the childrenel agua/hacha/águila the water/ax/eaglefui a recoger a los niños I went to pick up the children* * *el1 the■ la Sra. Rodríguez Mrs. Rodríguez2 el de the one4 (cosa) the one, the one that, the one which* * *1. pron.- el que2. art.* * *el; la; los; lasART DEF1) [con nombres de referente único o concreto] the¿está fría el agua? — is the water cold?
¿ha llegado ya el abogado? — has the lawyer arrived yet?
el tío ese — * that chap
2) [en algunos casos no se traduce]a) [con nombres propios]¿qué manda la señora? — what would madam like?
ha llamado el Sr. Sendra — Mr. Sendra called
dáselo a la Luisa — * give it to Luisa
b) [con nombres en sentido genérico]c) [con infinitivo]el hacerlo fue un error — doing it was a mistake, it was a mistake to do it
d) [con cifras, proporciones]ahora gano el 3% más — I now earn 3% more
3) [traducido por el posesivo]4) [con expresiones temporales]5) (=uso distributivo)6) [en exclamaciones]¡el frío que hacía! — it was freezing!
7) [posesivo]•
el de, mi libro y el de usted — my book and yoursel del sombrero rojo — the one with o in the red hat
es un traje bonito, pero prefiero el de Ana — it's a nice suit, but I prefer Ana's
y el de todos los demás — and that of everybody else, and everybody else's
8)•
el que —a) + indicél es el que quiere — it's he who wants to, he's the one who wants to
los que hacen eso son tontos — anyone who does that is a fool, those who do so are foolish
b) + subjun whoeverel que quiera, que lo haga — whoever wants to can do it
* * *[the masculine article el is also used before feminine nouns which begin with accented a or ha, e.g. el agua pura, el hada madrina]1)a) ( con un referente único) the¿ya vas a la escuela? — do you go to school yet?
el mío/las tuyas — mine/yours
el rojo/último — the red/last one
los nacidos entre... — those born between...
2)a)el + de...: la del sombrero the one with the hat; el de Valencia the one from Valencia; el de las nueve the nine o'clock one; el de Juan/de mi hijo — Juan's/my son's
b)el + que...: el que acaba de entrar the one who's just come in; las que yo ví the ones I saw; los que estén cansados; those who are tired, anyone who's tired; la que te guste whichever you like; el que lo haya hecho — whoever has done it
3) ( en expresiones de tiempo)el mes pasado/que viene — last/next month
4) ( cada)$80 el metro/kilo — $80 a meter/a kilo
5) (con fracciones, porcentajes, números)la mitad/la cuarta parte del dinero — half the money/a quarter of the money
el 20% de... — 20% of...
el cuarto piso — the fifth floor (AmE) o (BrE) fourth floor
6) (refiriéndose a partes del cuerpo, prendas de vestir, artículos personales, etc)7) ( con nombres propios)a) (con apellidos acompañados de título, adjetivos, etc)el señor Ortiz/la doctora Vidal — Mr Ortiz/Doctor Vidal
b) ( en plural)en (el) Perú — in Peru; ver África, Argentina, etc
d) ( al calificar)8) el ( con infinitivo)* * *[the masculine article el is also used before feminine nouns which begin with accented a or ha, e.g. el agua pura, el hada madrina]1)a) ( con un referente único) the¿ya vas a la escuela? — do you go to school yet?
el mío/las tuyas — mine/yours
el rojo/último — the red/last one
los nacidos entre... — those born between...
2)a)el + de...: la del sombrero the one with the hat; el de Valencia the one from Valencia; el de las nueve the nine o'clock one; el de Juan/de mi hijo — Juan's/my son's
b)el + que...: el que acaba de entrar the one who's just come in; las que yo ví the ones I saw; los que estén cansados; those who are tired, anyone who's tired; la que te guste whichever you like; el que lo haya hecho — whoever has done it
3) ( en expresiones de tiempo)el mes pasado/que viene — last/next month
4) ( cada)$80 el metro/kilo — $80 a meter/a kilo
5) (con fracciones, porcentajes, números)la mitad/la cuarta parte del dinero — half the money/a quarter of the money
el 20% de... — 20% of...
el cuarto piso — the fifth floor (AmE) o (BrE) fourth floor
6) (refiriéndose a partes del cuerpo, prendas de vestir, artículos personales, etc)7) ( con nombres propios)a) (con apellidos acompañados de título, adjetivos, etc)el señor Ortiz/la doctora Vidal — Mr Ortiz/Doctor Vidal
b) ( en plural)en (el) Perú — in Peru; ver África, Argentina, etc
d) ( al calificar)8) el ( con infinitivo)* * *el2= the, ye.Nota: Forma arcaica.Ex: The first institute, 'The Catalog: Its Nature and Prospects,' was held in New York City on October 9 and 10, 1975.
Ex: The article 'Ye olde smart card' presents an annotated list of information sources on the credit card industry.* a lo extremo = to the extreme.* aunque no lo creas = believe it or not.* barrio de los ricos = upper town.* de los mejores = as good as any.* el abuelo de = the granddaddy of.* el acabose = the last straw.* el alcance = comprehensiveness.* el amor de + Posesivo + vida = the love of + Posesivo + life.* el año próximo = the year ahead.* el arte de = the art of, the fine art of.* el ataque es la mejor defensa = attack is the best form of defence.* el auténtico = the real McCoy.* el beneficio de la duda = the benefit of the doubt.* el bien de = the good of.* el buenazo de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.* el bueno de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.* el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.* el camino correcto = the way ahead, the way to go.* el camino hacia + Nombre + está lleno de + Nombre = the road (to/towards) + Nombre + is paved with + Nombre.* el camino hacia + Nombre + está plagado de + Nombre = the road (to/towards) + Nombre + is paved with + Nombre.* el camino por recorrer = the way ahead.* el camino que lleva a = a/the doorway to.* el camino recorrido = the road travelled so far.* el camino se hace andando = actions speak louder than words.* el centro de atención + ser = all eyes + be + on.* el charco = the big pond.* el ciudadano de a pie = the average Joe.* el ciudadano medio = the average Joe.* el cliente siempre tiene la razón = the customer is always right.* el colmo = the last straw.* el consejo de otra persona = a second opinion.* el copón = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* el corazón de = the heart of.* el crecimiento de = the rising tide of.* el cual = which.* el de = that in, that of.* el diablo está en los detalles = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* el día del Juicio Final = the Day of Judgement.* El Diluvio = the Flood.* el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.* el dinero es la fuente de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.* el dinero mueve al mundo = money makes the world go (a)round.* el dinero no crece en los árboles = money doesn't grow on trees.* el doble = twice + as many.* el doble de = twice + the number of.* El Dorado = El Dorado.* el enemigo en casa = the enemy within.* el entonces + Nombre = the then + Nombre.* el espíritu de la época = the spirit of the times.* el estado de las cosas = the lay of the land [the lie of the land, -UK].* el evitar = avoidance.* el éxito genera éxito = success breeds success (SBS).* el éxito llama al éxito = success breeds success (SBS).* el final de = the close of.* el final de los problemas = the light at the end of the tunnel.* el fin del mundo = the ends of the earth.* el fin de semana = over the weekend, at the weekend.* el fin de todos los fines = the end of all ends.* el fin justifica los medios = the end justifies the means.* el fruto de + Nombre = the fruit of + Nombre.* el futuro = the way ahead, the way of the future.* el futuro + estar + justo a la vuelta de la esquina = the future + be + just around the corner.* el Gato con Botas = Puss in Boots.* el grado de = the extent of.* el grado de + Nombre = the breadth and depth of + Nombre.* el grado en que = the extent to which.* el gran hermano = big brother.* el guapo de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.* el hecho es que = fact is, the fact is (that).* el hecho es que... = the fact of the matter is that....* el hombre de la calle = the average Joe.* el hombre no es una isla = no man is an island.* el hombre propone y Dios dispone = Man proposes, God disposes.* el impulsor de = the power behind.* el interés público = the public interest.* El Juicio Final = The Last Judgement.* el lastre de = the shackles of.* el llevar = carrying.* el lugar que le corresponde a = the due place of.* El Mago de Oz = The Wizard of Oz, The Wizard of Oz.* el más = all-time.* el más + Adjetivo = the most + Adjetivo.* el más allá = hereafter.* el más bajo = rock-bottom.* el más favorito del mes = pick of the month.* el más leído = the most widely read.* el más recomendado = best of breed, the.* el Mediterráneo = Mediterranean Sea, the, the Med.* el mejor = best of breed, the.* el mejor de todos = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.* el mejor hasta ahora = the best yet.* el mejor modo de = the best way of.* el mejor momento de todos = the time of all times.* el mejor + Nombre = the best available + Nombre.* el mejor que ha hecho hasta ahora = Posesivo + best yet.* el mentir = lying.* el mes pasado = last month.* el mío = mine.* el mismo + Nombre (+ que) = every bit as much + Nombre (+ as).* el mismo número = as many.* el modo como = the way in which.* el modo de = the way in which.* el modo de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.* el momento preciso = the point in time at which.* el motor de = the power behind.* el movimiento se demuestra andando = actions speak louder than words.* el muerto al hoyo y el vivo al bollo = dead men have no friends.* el mundo de las noticias = newsmaking.* el mundo en la palma de la mano = the world in the palm of + Posesivo + hand.* el mundo está a sus pies = the world is + Posesivo + oyster.* el mundo es un pañuelo = it's a small world.* el + Nombre + correcto al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento oportuno = the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.* el + Nombre + es inestimable = the + Nombre + cannot be overestimated.* el + Nombre + más completo = the + Nombre + to end all + Nombre.* el no va más = the be all and end all, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* el nuevo aspecto de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* el orgullo de = showpiece.* el otro lado de la barrera = the other side of the fence.* el padre de = the father of.* el pan nuestro de cada día = all in a day's work.* el paso del tiempo = the passage of time, the sands of time.* el peor de todos = the worst of the lot.* el perro es el mejor amigo del hombre = a dog is man's best friend.* el peso de = brunt of, the.* el populacho = the great unwashed.* el porqué de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.* el portavoz de = the voice of.* el presente = thisness.* el primer intento = the first time around.* el primer + Nombre = the earliest + Nombre.* el primero mencionado = former.* el principal = the number one.* el principio de = the dawn of.* el principio del fin = the beginning of the end.* el principio de + Mes/Estación = early + Mes/Estación.* el problema no es el qué, sino el cómo = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* el problema obvio = the elephant in the room.* el proletariado = the great unwashed.* el pulmón de = the heart of.* el punto más bajo = rock-bottom.* el que = that, the one.* el que aprende = learner.* el que las hace, las paga = you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.* el que lo encuentre se lo queda = finders keepers.* el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].* el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.* el que no llora, no mama = the squeaky (squeaking) wheel gets the grease (the oil/oiled).* el que no se aventura no cruza el mar = nothing ventured, nothing gained.* el que pregunta = inquirer [enquirer, -UK].* el quid de la cuestión = the crux of the problem, the crux of the matter.* el registro de los registros = record-of-record.* el registro modelo = record-of-record.* el resto = rest, the.* el resto (de) = the remainder (of), the rest (of).* El Salvador = El Salvador.* el segundo mencionado = latter.* el sendero que lleva a = a/the doorway to.* el ser barato = cheapness.* el siguiente no, el otro = next but one.* el sitio adecuado en el momento adecuado = the right place at the right time.* el sueño de toda persona = the stuff dreams are made of.* el sueño de todos = the stuff dreams are made of.* el sueño de todo ser viviente = the stuff dreams are made of.* el súmmum = the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* el tamaño de = the extent of.* el tema de la discusión = the focus of the discussion.* el tema del debate = the focus of the discussion.* el tiempo de Algo = in season.* el tiempo es oro = time is money.* el tiempo lo dirá = only time will tell.* el tiempo vuela = time flies (by).* el tipo de = the range of.* el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.* el total de = the total sum of, the sum total of.* el transcurrir del tiempo = the sands of time.* el transcurso del tiempo = as time goes by.* el último citado = latter.* el último grito = the last word, the cat's meow, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* el último + Nombre = the latest + Nombre.* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.* el único = the one and only.* el único e incomparable = the one and only.* el único e inimitable = the one and only.* el único problema = a fly in the soup, the fly in the ointment.* el verdadero = the real McCoy.* el verdadero problema = the elephant in the room.* el ver televisión = television viewing.* el viejo = the elder.* el vulgo = the great unwashed.* el yugo de = the shackles of.* espicharlas = kick + the bucket.* la = the, ye.* la alternativa + ser = the alternative + be.* la belleza es superficial = beauty is only skin deep.* La Biblioteca Responde = Ask the Library.* la Biblioteca y el Archivo de Canadá = Library and Archives Canada.* la buena noticia = the good news.* la calidad es nuestro lema = quality is our middle name.* la calma que precede a la tormenta = the lull before the storm.* la cambiante fisonomía de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* la caridad empieza por uno mismo = charity begins at home.* la ciudadana de a pie = the average Jane.* la ciudadana media = the average Jane.* la ciudad que nunca duerme = the city that never sleeps.* la clave de = at the heart of.* la clave está en la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* la comunidad en general = the community at large.* la Convención de la Haya de 1954 = the 1954 Hague Convention.* la copa del árbol = the top of the tree.* la cosa es que = the thing is.* la cosa principal = the number one thing.* la crème de la crème = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.* la cruz de = the bane of.* la cuestión es que = the thing is.* la década de los + Número = the + Número + s.* la demanda de = a call for.* la diversidad de = the range of.* la diversidad de + Nombre = the many + Nombre.* la edad se lleva en el alma = you are as old as you feel.* la época de Algo = in season.* la escoria de la sociedad = the gutter.* la espalda de = the back of.* la evidencia = the writing on the wall.* la fe mueve montañas = faith will move mountains.* la filosofía de = the reason behind, the reasoning behind.* la flor de + Nombre = the prime of + Nombre.* la flor y nata = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.* la forma correcta de hacer las cosas = the way to go.* la forma de = ways and means (of/for/to/in/by).* la forma de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.* la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.* la fuerza de la mayoría = strength in numbers.* la gente decía que = rumour had it that.* la gente dice que = rumour has it that.* la gente se está inquietando = the natives are nervous.* la gente se está poniendo nerviosa = the natives are nervous.* la gente se puso de pie para aplaudir = standing ovation.* la gota que colmó el vaso = the straw that broke the camel's back.* la Gran Manzana = the Big Apple.* la gran mayoría de = the vast majority of, the bulk of.* la historia + repetirse = history + come full circle.* la historia + volverse a repetir = history + come full circle.* la hostia = the cat's pyjamas, the cat's pyjamas, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* la hoz y el martillo = the hammer and sickle.* la idea que hay detrás de = the idea behind.* la imaginación no tiene límites = your imagination is the limit.* la imitación es la mejor forma de que lo halaguen a uno = imitation is the sincerest form of flattery.* La Isla del Tesoro = Treasure Island.* la joya de = showpiece.* la judicatura = the Bench.* la justicia = the Bench.* la juventud no es cuestión de edad sino de espíritu = you are as old as you feel.* la leche = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* la luz al final del túnel = the light at the end of the tunnel.* la magistratura = the Bench.* la manera de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.* la mano que mece la cuna es la mano que domina el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.* la mano que mece la cuna gobierna el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.* la mar de = a whole slew of.* la mayoría con mucho de = the vast majority of.* la mayoría de = the majority of, most + Nombre, the main bulk of.* la mayoría de la gente = most people, the majority of the people.* la mayoría de las personas = most people, the majority of the people.* la mayoría de las veces = most of the time, more often than not.* la mayoría del mundo = the majority of the world, most people, the majority of the people.* la mayoría del tiempo = most of the time.* la mayor parte de = the majority of, the main bulk of, the lion's share of.* la mayor parte de las veces = more often than not.* la medida en que = the extent to which.* la mejor forma de hacer Algo = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].* la mejor manera = how best.* la mejor manera de = the best way of.* la mejor oferta = the best deal.* la mejor opción = the best bet.* la mejor salida = the best way forward.* la mejor solución = the best way forward.* la menor duda de que = no doubt whatsoever.* la mentira = lying.* la mirada en = eye(s) on.* la misma persona = one and the same person.* la mitad (1/2) = one-half (1/2).* la necesidad agudiza el ingenio = necessity mothers invention.* la ocasión la pintan calva = make + hay while the sun shines.* la opinión de otra persona = a second opinion.* la oportunidad de + Posesivo + vida = the opportunity of a lifetime.* la parte de atrás de = the back of.* la parte más dura de = brunt of, the.* la parte más importante = the heart of.* la parte principal de = the bulk of.* la parte superior izquierda de = the upper left of.* la parte trasera de = the back of.* la personificación de la confianza en uno mismo = confidence personified.* la pesadilla de = the bane of.* la pesca del día = the day's catch, the catch of the day.* la petición de = a call for.* la píldora = the pill.* la plebe = the great unwashed.* la polla = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* la práctica hace al maestro = practice makes perfect.* la primera tentativa = the first time around.* la primera vez = the first time around.* la proporción mayor de = the lion's share of.* la próxima moda = the next hot thing.* la puntilla = the final/last nail in + Posesivo + coffin.* la que = that, the one.* la razón de ser = the reason for being.* la realidad es que = the fact remains that..., fact is, the fact is (that).* la rehostia = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* la responsabilidad ahora recae en + Nombre = the ball is in + Posesivo + court.* la responsabilidad es de... = the buck + stops....* la riqueza de = the wealth of.* la ruina de = the bane of.* las = the, ye.* las 24 horas = round the clock, around the clock.* las apariencias engañan = don't judge a book by its cover, there's more to it than meets the eye.* las ataduras de = the shackles of.* las autoridades = the powers-that-be.* las cosas + cambiar = pendulum + swing.* las cosas + estar + claras = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* las cosas no pasan así como así = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).* las cosas no pasan (así) porque sí = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).* las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.* las cosas + seguir + igual = business + revolve + as usual.* las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.* las cosas sólo pasan una vez = lightning never strikes twice.* las cosas son más complicadas de lo que parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.* las cosas tal y como son = the birds and the bees.* las cosas + volver + a su punto de partida = the wheel + turn + full circle.* las de = those for.* las doce del mediodía = noon.* la segunda mitad de + Fecha = the latter part of + Fecha.* la segunda opción = the next best choice.* la segunda vez = the second time around.* la semana pasada = last week.* la senda que lleva a = a/the doorway to.* la situación = the course of events.* la sociedad en general = society at large.* las posibilidades son infinitas = the possibilities are endless.* las profundidades del mar = the deep.* las profundidades del océano = the deep.* las pruebas = the writing on the wall.* las raíces se encuentran = roots + lie.* las raíces se remontan a = roots + lie.* las razones de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.* las Reglas de Cutter para un Catálogo Diccionario = Cutter's Rules for a Dictionary Catalog.* las triquiñuelas de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* la suerte + cambiar = the tide + turn.* la suerte estaba echada = the die was cast, the die had been cast.* la suerte está echada = the die is cast.* la suma total de = the total sum of, the sum total of.* las uvas están verdes = sour grapes.* las veinticuatro horas = day and night, day or night, night and day.* la temporada de Algo = in season.* la tierra de la abundancia = the land of plenty.* la tierra de las oportunidades = the land of opportunity.* la tira de = a whole slew of.* la tira de tiempo = donkey's years.* la triste realidad es que = the sad fact is (that).* la última palabra = the last word, the last word, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* la última vez = last time.* la última vez que = the last time.* la única pega = the fly in the ointment, a fly in the soup.* la unión hace la fuerza = strength in numbers.* la ventaja de = the beauty of.* la ventaja es que = on the positive side, the advantage is that, on the bright side.* la verdad = the lowdown (on).* la verdad es que = if the truth be known, if the truth be told, the fact is (that), fact is.* la verdad es que... = the fact of the matter is that....* la verdad sea dicha = to tell the truth.* la verdad sea dicha que = if the truth be told.* la Vía Láctea = the Milky Way.* la vida continúa = the show must go on.* la vida + continuar = life + go on.* la vida es así = life's like that.* ¡la vida no es un camino de rosas! = the course of true love never did run smooth!.* la vida + seguir = life + go on.* la víspera de = on the eve of.* la voz de = the voice of.* la voz de la conciencia = the voice within.* la voz de la experiencia = the voice of experience.* la voz de la razón = the voice of reason.* la voz del odio = the voice of hate.* la voz interior = the voice within.* lo absurdo = ridiculousness.* lo adecuado = adequacy.* lo + Adjetivo + que sea/esté = how + Adjetivo.* lo anodino = blandness.* lo anteriormente expuesto = the preceding.* lo apropiado = appropriateness.* lo barato = inexpensiveness.* lo básico = essential, the, nuts and bolts, bare minimum, bare necessities, the, the lowdown (on).* lo bastante elevado = high enough.* lo bastante extenso = adequately scoped.* lo bueno de = the beauty of.* lo bueno es que = the good news is (that)..., on the positive side, on the bright side.* lo bueno viene en frascos pequeños = small is beautiful.* lo bueno y lo malo = the rights and wrongs.* lo caro = expensiveness.* lo chicano = Chicana.* lo chulo = coolness.* lo cierto es que = fact is, the fact is (that).* lo completo = completeness.* lo completo que Algo está = fullness.* lo creas o no = believe it or not.* lo decisivo = the last word.* lo definitivo = the last word.* lo desagradable = unpleasantness.* ¿lo dices en broma? = you must be joking!, you must be kidding!.* lo directo = directness.* lo divertido = the fun part.* lo engorroso de = cumbersomeness.* lo esencial = essential, the, nuts and bolts, bare minimum, bare necessities, the, the lowdown (on).* lo estrafalario = zaniness.* lo estrambótico = zaniness.* lo extenso = comprehensiveness.* lo favorable = propitiousness.* lo hebraico = Hebraica.* lo hecho hecho está = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk.* lo importante es lo que eres no cómo te llamas = a rose by any other name.* lo imprescindible = bare necessities, the, bare minimum.* lo incómodo de = cumbersomeness.* lo indefinido = indefiniteness.* lo indirecto = indirectness.* lo indispensable = bare necessities, the, bare minimum.* lo insulso = blandness.* lo interesante = the fun part.* lo judío = Judaica.* lo lindo = cuteness.* lo llano = flatness.* lo más cercano a = the nearest thing to.* lo más conveniente es que = optimally.* lo más destacado = highlights.* lo más detestado = pet hate.* lo más importante = most of all, at its core.* lo más interesante = highlights.* lo más mínimo = so much as.* lo más novedoso = the last word.* lo más odiado = pet hate.* lo más parecido a = the nearest thing to.* lo más probable es que = most probably.* lo más recio de = brunt of, the.* lo más recóndito = nooks and crannies.* lo máximo = the be all and end all, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* lo mejor = the top of the tree.* lo mejor de = the beauty of, showpiece.* lo mejor de ambas partes = the best of both worlds.* lo mejor de lo mejor = the best of the best.* lo mejor de todo = best of all.* lo mejor entre lo mejor = the best of the best.* lo mejor es que... = the good news is (that)....* lo mejor está aún por llegar = the best is yet to come.* lo mejor posible = to the best of + Posesivo + ability, at + Posesivo + (very) best, optimally.* lo mejor que pueda = to the best of + Posesivo + ability.* lo mejor que se puede hacer = the best bet.* lo mejor + ser = the beautiful part + be.* lo menos posible = as little as possible.* lo mínimo = bare minimum, bare necessities, the.* lo mismo ocurre con = the same goes for.* lo mismo ocurre en el caso de = the same is true (for/of/with).* lo mismo que = the same as, along the lines of, in much the same way as.* lo mismo que antes = the same as before.* lo mismo que para = the same as that for.* lo mismo se aplica a = the same is true (for/of/with).* lo molesto de = cumbersomeness.* lo mucho que = how extensively.* lo noble = high-mindedness.* lo no convencional = unconventional, the.* lo normal + ser + que = there + be + a tendency (to/for), there + be + a tendency (to/for).* lo oportuno = timeliness.* lo pasado pasado está = let bygones be bygones.* lo peor de = brunt of, the.* lo peor del = the armpit of the.* lo pintoresco = quaintness.* lo plano = flatness.* lo poco común = rarity, rareness.* lo poco convencional = unconventional, the.* lo primero = for one, first off.* lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.* lo prometido es deuda = a promise is a promise.* lo propicio = propitiousness.* lo público = publicness.* lo que = that which, what.* lo que aguarda a = what is on store for.* lo que Algo o Alguien se merece, lo que le corresponde, bastante = fair share, fair share.* lo que a uno cura a otro mata = one man's meat is another man's poison.* lo que demuestra que = which (just) goes to show that.* lo que el futuro depara a = what is on store for.* lo que es aun más inquietante = more disturbingly.* lo que es aun más preocupante = more disturbingly.* lo que es aun mejor = better still.* lo que es aun peor = worse still.* lo que es bueno para uno es bueno para otro = what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.* lo que es bueno para uno también es bueno para otro = what's good for the goose is good for the gander.* lo que es más = what is more, what's more.* lo que es más importante = most importantly, more importantly, most of all, most important.* lo que es mejor aun = better still.* lo que es muy importante = importantly.* lo que es peor = what's worse.* lo que es peor aun = worse still.* lo que espera a = what is on store for.* lo que está bien y lo que está mal = rights and wrongs.* lo que existe (en el mercado) = what's out there.* lo que haya que de ser, será = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.* lo que hay (en el mercado) = what's out there.* lo que hay que hacer = do + the right thing, the way to go.* lo que hay que hacer y lo que hay que evitar = do's and don'ts, rights and wrongs.* lo que le corresponde = fair share.* lo que nos espera = things to come.* lo que quiera que = whatever.* lo que sea = something or other.* lo que se gana por un lado se pierde por otro = swings and roundabouts.* lo que se pierda en una cosa se gana en la otra = what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts.* lo que + ser = what + be like.* lo que se suele pagar = going rate, the.* lo que tenga que pasar, que pase = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.* lo que tenga que ser, será = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.* lo que vale para tí también vale para mí = what's good for the goose is good for the gander, what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.* lo rural = rurality.* los = the, ye.* los 365 días del año = year-round.* los 40 principales = Top 40 singles chart.* los abajo firmantes = the parties hereto.* los acontecimientos = the course of events.* lo sagrado = sacredness.* los albores de = the dawn of.* los años cincuenta = fifties.* los años treinta = thirties.* los árboles no dejan ver el bosque = lose + sight of the forest for the trees.* los avatares de la guerra = the tides of war.* los buenos tiempos = the good old days.* los comienzos de = the dawn of.* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* los de = those for, those in.* los demás = rest, the, everybody else.* los detalles de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* los días antes de = leading up to.* los dos = both, both of them, both of which.* los efectos negativos se están dejando sentir ahora = chickens come home to roost.* los gobernantes = the powers-that-be.* los hay para dar y regalar = there's one born every minute.* los mandamás = the powers-that-be.* los más necesitados = those most in need.* los más pobres + Nombre = the poorest + Nombre.* los menos locuaces = inarticulate, the.* los motivos de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.* los necesitados = the needy.* los orígenes de = the dawn of.* los otros con los que aparece(n) = neighbours [neighbors, -USA].* los peores + Nombre = the poorest + Nombre.* los poderes fáticos = the powers-that-be.* los pormenores de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* Los Principios de París = Paris Principles.* los que = those who.* los que detentan el poder = the powers-that-be.* los que mandan = the powers-that-be.* los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.* los que + Verbo = those + Participio.* los tribunales = the Bench.* lo suficientemente cerca = within range.* lo suficientemente cerca como para oír = within earshot of.* lo suficientemente estúpido como para = dumb enough to.* lo suficientemente grande = large enough, big enough.* lo suficientemente lejos como para no poder oír = out of earshot.* los últimos coletazos = fag-end.* lo sumo = the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks, the cat's pyjamas.* los unos a costa de los otros = at each other's expense.* los viejos tiempos = the good old days.* lo tomas o lo dejas = take it or leave it.* lo último = the last word.* lo uno es tan malo como lo otro = one is as bad as the other.* lo vanguardista = cutting edge.* lo yidish = Yiddica.* parmarlas = kick + the bucket.* ser lo que nos espera = be the shape of things to come.* * *[ the masculine article el is also used before feminine nouns which begin with accented a or, ha e.g. el agua pura, el hada madrina]A (con un referente único, conocido o que se define) theel sol the sunel lápiz/la goma/los lápices/las gomas que compré the pencil/the eraser/the pencils/the erasers I boughtno, ése no, el que te presté ayer/el de Julio/el rojo no, not that one, the one I lent you yesterday/Julio's/the red oneen la calle Solís in Solís Streetprefiero el mío/los tuyos I prefer mine/yoursme atendió el estúpido del marido that stupid husband of hers served meyo soy la arquitecta, ella es lexicógrafa I'm the architect, she's a lexicographeryo fui la que lo rompí or rompió I was the one who broke itlos nacidos entre … those born between …los que faltamos ayer those of us who weren't here yesterday¿cuál es Ardiles? — el del sombrero negro which one's Ardiles? — the one with the black hatun encuentro al que asistieron muchas personalidades a meeting which was attended by many well known peoplela obra de la que or de la cual hablábamos the play we were talking aboutB(con sustantivos en sentido genérico): me encanta la ópera I love operaodio el pescado I hate fishasí es la vida that's life(nosotros) los mexicanos lo sabemos muy bien we Mexicans know only too well¿ya vas a la escuela? do you go to school yet?en el mar at seaviajar por el espacio to travel in spaceC(en expresiones de tiempo): ocurrió el domingo de Pascua/en el verano del 76 it happened on Easter Sunday/in the summer of '76mi cumpleaños es el 28 de mayo my birthday's on May 28el mes pasado/que viene last/next monthno trabaja los sábados she doesn't work (on) Saturdaysestudió toda la mañana he studied all morninga las ocho at eight o'clock, at eighta eso de las seis around six o'clockD(cada): lo venden a $80 el kilo/metro they're selling it at $80 a kilo/a meter o at $80 per kilo/meter¿cuánto cuesta el paquete de diez? how much does a packet of ten cost?E(con fracciones, porcentajes, números): me dio la mitad/la cuarta parte del dinero she gave me half the money/a quarter of the moneyel 20% de los peruanos 20% of Peruvians(refiriéndose a partes del cuerpo, prendas de vestir, artículos personales, etc): con las manos en los bolsillos with my/your/his hands in my/your/his pockets¡te cortaste el pelo! you've had your hair cut!tienes la falda sucia your skirt is dirtytienes el suéter puesto al revés you've got your sweater on inside outtiene el pelo largo/los ojos azules he has long hair/blue eyes1(con apellidos acompañados de título, adjetivos, etc): llamó el señor Ortiz/la doctora Vidal/el general Santos Mr Ortiz/Doctor Vidal/General Santos phonedel gran Caruso the Great Caruso2(con nombres de mujeres famosas): la última película de la Monroe Monroe's last movie3(en plural): los Ortega (matrimonio) the Ortegas, Mr and Mrs Ortega; (familia) the Ortegas, the Ortega familya los Josés se les suele llamar Pepe people called José are often known as Pepe4 (fam: en muchas regiones crit)(con nombres de pila): pregúntale a la Carmen/al Ricardo ask Carmen/Ricardo5(con algunos nombres geográficos): en la India in Indiaen (el) Perú in Peru6(al calificar): la España de Franco Franco's Spainel Buñuel que todos conocemos the Buñuel we all knowla Italia del siglo pasado Italy in the last century7(con algunos equipos deportivos): juegan contra el Juventus/el Barcelona they're playing against Juventus/BarcelonaH el(con infinitivo): odiaba el tener que pedírselo he hated having to ask heres cuidadoso y pausado en el hablar he's careful and deliberate in the way he speaksel frenético girar de los bailarines the frenzied spinning of the dancers* * *
Multiple Entries:
el
él
el (pl◊ los), la (pl las) art the masculine article el is also used before feminine nouns which begin with accented a or ha, e.g. el agua pura, el hada madrina
1
así es la vida that's life;
(nosotros) los mexicanos we Mexicans;
¿ya vas a la escuela? do you go to school yet?
las tuyas yours;
el último the last one;
el estúpido del marido that stupid husband of hers
2a) el + de:
el de las nueve the nine o'clock one;
el de mi hijo my son'sb) el + que:
los que estén cansados;
those who are tired, anyone who's tired;
la que te guste whichever you like
3 ( en expresiones de tiempo):
mi cumpleaños es el 28 de mayo my birthday's on May 28;
el mes pasado last month;
toda la mañana all morning;
a las ocho at eight o'clock
4 ( cada):◊ $80 el metro/kilo $80 a meter/a kilo, $80 per kilo/meter
5 (con fracciones, porcentajes, números):◊ la mitad/la cuarta parte del dinero half the money/a quarter of the money;
el 20% de … 20% of …
6 (con partes del cuerpo, prendas de vestir, artículos personales, etc):
¡te cortaste el pelo! you've had your hair cut!;
tiene los ojos azules he has blue eyes
7a) (con apellidos acompañados de título, adjetivos, etc):◊ el señor Ortiz/la doctora Vidal Mr Ortiz/Doctor Vidal;
los Ortega the Ortegas
ver África, Argentina, etc
él pron pers
◊ ¿quién se lo va a decir? — él who's going to tell her? — he is;
lo hizo él mismo he did it himself;
fue él it was him
( refiriéndose a cosas) it;◊ llegué antes que él I arrived before him o before he did;
con/para él with/for him;
son de él they're his
el art def m
1 the
2 (no se traduce) (ante un tratamiento formal) el sr. Gómez, Mr Gomez
(cuando el sustantivo es general) el hambre/tiempo, hunger/time
3 (se traduce por un posesivo) (con partes del cuerpo) se ha cortado el pelo, she's cut her hair
(prendas) se lo metió en el bolsillo, he put it in his pocket
(pertenencias) guarda el diario en el cajón, put your diary into the drawer
4 (con días de la semana) iré el miércoles, I'll go on Wednesday
5 (cuando el sustantivo está elidido) the one: prefiero el azul, I prefer the blue one
el de las diez, the ten o'clock one
el que está en la mesa, the one that's on the table
el que más nos guste, whichever one we like best
(delante de un posesivo) el de María, Maria's
es el mío, it's mine
él pron pers
1 (sujeto) (persona) he
(animal, cosa) it: fue él, it was him, fue él el que..., it was him that... o it was he who...
2 (complemento) (persona) him
(animal, cosa) it
dáselo a él, give it to him, es para él, it's for him
3 (posesivo) de él, his
4 (oración comparativa) ella es mejor que él, she's better than him o she's better than he is
'él' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abajo
- abalanzarse
- abaratarse
- abarquillarse
- abarrotar
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abastecimiento
- abatir
- abatimiento
- abdicar
- abierta
- abierto
- abismo
- abogada
- abogado
- abominar
- abominable
- abordar
- aborigen
- aborregarse
- abortar
- abotargada
- abotargado
- abrir
- abreviar
- abrirse
- absoluta
- absoluto
- abstención
- abundancia
- acabar
- acabarse
- acabose
- acallar
- acanallar
- accionariado
- acero
- achacosa
- achacoso
- achatamiento
- achicharrarse
- aclarar
- aclarado
- acomodarse
- acompañar
- acondicionar
- acostumbrada
- acostumbrado
English:
A
- abandon
- ABC
- ability
- about
- above
- abroad
- abseil
- absence
- absent
- absolute
- absolve
- absorb
- abstract
- academic
- accelerate
- accommodate
- accomplice
- account
- accurately
- accusation
- accused
- accustom
- aching
- act
- act on
- act up
- actual
- actually
- acute
- address
- adequately
- adjourn
- admission
- admit
- advance
- advanced
- advantage
- advantageous
- advise
- advocate
- affair
- afford
- afloat
- afraid
- after
- against
- age
- agenda
- aggregate
* * *el (f la, mpl los, fpl las) art determinado el is used instead of la before feminine nouns which are stressed on the first syllable and begin with “a” or “ha” (e.g. el agua, el hacha). Note that el combines with the prepositions a and de to produce the contracted forms al and del.1. [con valor especificador] the;el coche the car;la casa the house;los niños the children;el agua/hacha/águila the water/axe/eagle;fui a recoger a los niños I went to pick up the childrenla vida life;el hombre Man, human beings;los derechos de la mujer women's rights;los niños imitan a los adultos children copy adults;el pan es un alimento básico bread is a basic food;la mayoría de la gente no la conoce most people don't know her;vuelve el biquini bikinis are backse quitó los zapatos she took her shoes off;tiene el pelo oscuro he has dark hair;me han robado la maleta my suitcase has been stolen;se dieron la mano they shook handslos domingos vamos al cine we go to the movies (on) Sundays;llegaré el 1 de mayo [escrito] I'll arrive on 1 May;[hablado] I'll arrive on the first of May;son las siete it's seven o'clock;el año pasado/que viene last/next yearel Everest (Mount) Everest;la India India;La Haya The Hague;El Cairo Cairo;la España de la posguerra post-war Spainel señor/el doctor Juárez Mr/Doctor Juárez;los Amaya [matrimonio] Mr and Mrs Amaya, the Amayas;[familia completa] the Amayas, the Amaya family;los Austrias the Hapsburgs;el Hitler español the Spanish Hitler8. [con numerales, porcentajes, fracciones]el siete es mi número de la suerte seven's my lucky number;llegó el tercero he came third;el tercer piso the third floor;un aumento del 30 por ciento a 30 percent increase;la quinta parte (de) a fifth (of);el 20 por ciento (de) 20 percent (of)10. [con complemento especificativo]el/la del sombrero the one with the hat;los/las de azul [cosas] the blue ones;[personas] the ones in blue;he perdido el tren, cogeré el de las nueve I've missed the train, I'll get the nine o'clock one;el de aquí this one here;¿los del parque son amigos tuyos? were those people in the park friends of yours?;prefiero las del escaparate I prefer the ones in the window;los del fondo no se callan the people at the back won't shut upel mío mine;la tuya yours;los suyos theirsel/la mejor the best;es la mejor de la clase she's the best in the class, she's top of the class;los seleccionados realizarán un examen those chosen will sit an exam;el tonto de Ignacio se equivocó that idiot Ignacio got it wronges amante del buen comer she loves good food;me sienta mal el tener que decírtelo I don't like to have to tell you14. [con frases subordinadas][persona] whoever;el/la que [cosa] whichever;los/las que [cosas] whichever;[personas] whoever;coge el/los que quieras take whichever you like;el que más corra whoever runs fastest, the one who runs the fastest;las que quieran venir que levanten la mano those who want to come o anyone who wants to come should put their hand up;el que no te guste no quiere decir que sea malo the fact that you don't like him doesn't make him a bad person15. [con valor enfático]¡la pena que me dio verlo en ese estado! I felt so sorry for him when I saw him in that state!* * *elI art theII pron:el de … that of …;el de Juan Juan’s;el más grande the biggest (one);el que está … the one that is …* * *él pron: he, himél es mi amigo: he's my friendhablaremos con él: we will speak with himel pron, (referring to masculine nouns)1) : the onetengo mi libro y el tuyo: I have my book and yoursde los cantantes me gusta el de México: I prefer the singer from México2)el que : he who, whoever, the one thatel que vino ayer: the one who came yesterdayel que trabaja duro estará contento: he who works hard will be happyel, la art, pl los, las : thelos niños están en la casa: the boys are in the houseme duele el pie: my foot hurts* * *el det1. the¿qué te pareció el libro? what did you think of the book?2. (posesivo) my / your / his / her etcétera¿te has cortado el pelo? have you had your hair cut?3. (característica) the one¿cuál prefieres? el azul which one do you prefer? the blue one¡Ojo! Algunas veces no se traduce¿quieres salir el sábado? do you want to go out on Saturday?el Sr. García Mr. Garcíacon el que that... withen el que that... in -
65 él
art.the (in general).el coche the carla casa the houselos niños the childrenel agua/hacha/águila the water/ax/eaglefui a recoger a los niños I went to pick up the children* * *el1 the■ la Sra. Rodríguez Mrs. Rodríguez2 el de the one4 (cosa) the one, the one that, the one which* * *1. pron.- el que2. art.* * *el; la; los; lasART DEF1) [con nombres de referente único o concreto] the¿está fría el agua? — is the water cold?
¿ha llegado ya el abogado? — has the lawyer arrived yet?
el tío ese — * that chap
2) [en algunos casos no se traduce]a) [con nombres propios]¿qué manda la señora? — what would madam like?
ha llamado el Sr. Sendra — Mr. Sendra called
dáselo a la Luisa — * give it to Luisa
b) [con nombres en sentido genérico]c) [con infinitivo]el hacerlo fue un error — doing it was a mistake, it was a mistake to do it
d) [con cifras, proporciones]ahora gano el 3% más — I now earn 3% more
3) [traducido por el posesivo]4) [con expresiones temporales]5) (=uso distributivo)6) [en exclamaciones]¡el frío que hacía! — it was freezing!
7) [posesivo]•
el de, mi libro y el de usted — my book and yoursel del sombrero rojo — the one with o in the red hat
es un traje bonito, pero prefiero el de Ana — it's a nice suit, but I prefer Ana's
y el de todos los demás — and that of everybody else, and everybody else's
8)•
el que —a) + indicél es el que quiere — it's he who wants to, he's the one who wants to
los que hacen eso son tontos — anyone who does that is a fool, those who do so are foolish
b) + subjun whoeverel que quiera, que lo haga — whoever wants to can do it
* * *pronombre personala) ( como sujeto) he¿quién se lo va a decir? - él — who's going to tell her? - he is
fue él — it was him, it was he (frml)
b) (en comparaciones, con preposiciones) him; ( refiriéndose a cosas) itllegué antes que él — I arrived before him o before he did
eres tan alto como él — you are as tall as him o as he is
con/contra/para él — with/against/for him
con/contra/para él — with/against/for him
* * *[the masculine article el is also used before feminine nouns which begin with accented a or ha, e.g. el agua pura, el hada madrina]1)a) ( con un referente único) the¿ya vas a la escuela? — do you go to school yet?
el mío/las tuyas — mine/yours
el rojo/último — the red/last one
los nacidos entre... — those born between...
2)a)el + de...: la del sombrero the one with the hat; el de Valencia the one from Valencia; el de las nueve the nine o'clock one; el de Juan/de mi hijo — Juan's/my son's
b)el + que...: el que acaba de entrar the one who's just come in; las que yo ví the ones I saw; los que estén cansados; those who are tired, anyone who's tired; la que te guste whichever you like; el que lo haya hecho — whoever has done it
3) ( en expresiones de tiempo)el mes pasado/que viene — last/next month
4) ( cada)$80 el metro/kilo — $80 a meter/a kilo
5) (con fracciones, porcentajes, números)la mitad/la cuarta parte del dinero — half the money/a quarter of the money
el 20% de... — 20% of...
el cuarto piso — the fifth floor (AmE) o (BrE) fourth floor
6) (refiriéndose a partes del cuerpo, prendas de vestir, artículos personales, etc)7) ( con nombres propios)a) (con apellidos acompañados de título, adjetivos, etc)el señor Ortiz/la doctora Vidal — Mr Ortiz/Doctor Vidal
b) ( en plural)en (el) Perú — in Peru; ver África, Argentina, etc
d) ( al calificar)8) el ( con infinitivo)* * *el2= the, ye.Nota: Forma arcaica.Ex: The first institute, 'The Catalog: Its Nature and Prospects,' was held in New York City on October 9 and 10, 1975.
Ex: The article 'Ye olde smart card' presents an annotated list of information sources on the credit card industry.* a lo extremo = to the extreme.* aunque no lo creas = believe it or not.* barrio de los ricos = upper town.* de los mejores = as good as any.* el abuelo de = the granddaddy of.* el acabose = the last straw.* el alcance = comprehensiveness.* el amor de + Posesivo + vida = the love of + Posesivo + life.* el año próximo = the year ahead.* el arte de = the art of, the fine art of.* el ataque es la mejor defensa = attack is the best form of defence.* el auténtico = the real McCoy.* el beneficio de la duda = the benefit of the doubt.* el bien de = the good of.* el buenazo de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.* el bueno de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.* el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.* el camino correcto = the way ahead, the way to go.* el camino hacia + Nombre + está lleno de + Nombre = the road (to/towards) + Nombre + is paved with + Nombre.* el camino hacia + Nombre + está plagado de + Nombre = the road (to/towards) + Nombre + is paved with + Nombre.* el camino por recorrer = the way ahead.* el camino que lleva a = a/the doorway to.* el camino recorrido = the road travelled so far.* el camino se hace andando = actions speak louder than words.* el centro de atención + ser = all eyes + be + on.* el charco = the big pond.* el ciudadano de a pie = the average Joe.* el ciudadano medio = the average Joe.* el cliente siempre tiene la razón = the customer is always right.* el colmo = the last straw.* el consejo de otra persona = a second opinion.* el copón = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* el corazón de = the heart of.* el crecimiento de = the rising tide of.* el cual = which.* el de = that in, that of.* el diablo está en los detalles = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* el día del Juicio Final = the Day of Judgement.* El Diluvio = the Flood.* el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.* el dinero es la fuente de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.* el dinero mueve al mundo = money makes the world go (a)round.* el dinero no crece en los árboles = money doesn't grow on trees.* el doble = twice + as many.* el doble de = twice + the number of.* El Dorado = El Dorado.* el enemigo en casa = the enemy within.* el entonces + Nombre = the then + Nombre.* el espíritu de la época = the spirit of the times.* el estado de las cosas = the lay of the land [the lie of the land, -UK].* el evitar = avoidance.* el éxito genera éxito = success breeds success (SBS).* el éxito llama al éxito = success breeds success (SBS).* el final de = the close of.* el final de los problemas = the light at the end of the tunnel.* el fin del mundo = the ends of the earth.* el fin de semana = over the weekend, at the weekend.* el fin de todos los fines = the end of all ends.* el fin justifica los medios = the end justifies the means.* el fruto de + Nombre = the fruit of + Nombre.* el futuro = the way ahead, the way of the future.* el futuro + estar + justo a la vuelta de la esquina = the future + be + just around the corner.* el Gato con Botas = Puss in Boots.* el grado de = the extent of.* el grado de + Nombre = the breadth and depth of + Nombre.* el grado en que = the extent to which.* el gran hermano = big brother.* el guapo de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.* el hecho es que = fact is, the fact is (that).* el hecho es que... = the fact of the matter is that....* el hombre de la calle = the average Joe.* el hombre no es una isla = no man is an island.* el hombre propone y Dios dispone = Man proposes, God disposes.* el impulsor de = the power behind.* el interés público = the public interest.* El Juicio Final = The Last Judgement.* el lastre de = the shackles of.* el llevar = carrying.* el lugar que le corresponde a = the due place of.* El Mago de Oz = The Wizard of Oz, The Wizard of Oz.* el más = all-time.* el más + Adjetivo = the most + Adjetivo.* el más allá = hereafter.* el más bajo = rock-bottom.* el más favorito del mes = pick of the month.* el más leído = the most widely read.* el más recomendado = best of breed, the.* el Mediterráneo = Mediterranean Sea, the, the Med.* el mejor = best of breed, the.* el mejor de todos = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.* el mejor hasta ahora = the best yet.* el mejor modo de = the best way of.* el mejor momento de todos = the time of all times.* el mejor + Nombre = the best available + Nombre.* el mejor que ha hecho hasta ahora = Posesivo + best yet.* el mentir = lying.* el mes pasado = last month.* el mío = mine.* el mismo + Nombre (+ que) = every bit as much + Nombre (+ as).* el mismo número = as many.* el modo como = the way in which.* el modo de = the way in which.* el modo de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.* el momento preciso = the point in time at which.* el motor de = the power behind.* el movimiento se demuestra andando = actions speak louder than words.* el muerto al hoyo y el vivo al bollo = dead men have no friends.* el mundo de las noticias = newsmaking.* el mundo en la palma de la mano = the world in the palm of + Posesivo + hand.* el mundo está a sus pies = the world is + Posesivo + oyster.* el mundo es un pañuelo = it's a small world.* el + Nombre + correcto al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento oportuno = the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.* el + Nombre + es inestimable = the + Nombre + cannot be overestimated.* el + Nombre + más completo = the + Nombre + to end all + Nombre.* el no va más = the be all and end all, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* el nuevo aspecto de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* el orgullo de = showpiece.* el otro lado de la barrera = the other side of the fence.* el padre de = the father of.* el pan nuestro de cada día = all in a day's work.* el paso del tiempo = the passage of time, the sands of time.* el peor de todos = the worst of the lot.* el perro es el mejor amigo del hombre = a dog is man's best friend.* el peso de = brunt of, the.* el populacho = the great unwashed.* el porqué de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.* el portavoz de = the voice of.* el presente = thisness.* el primer intento = the first time around.* el primer + Nombre = the earliest + Nombre.* el primero mencionado = former.* el principal = the number one.* el principio de = the dawn of.* el principio del fin = the beginning of the end.* el principio de + Mes/Estación = early + Mes/Estación.* el problema no es el qué, sino el cómo = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* el problema obvio = the elephant in the room.* el proletariado = the great unwashed.* el pulmón de = the heart of.* el punto más bajo = rock-bottom.* el que = that, the one.* el que aprende = learner.* el que las hace, las paga = you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.* el que lo encuentre se lo queda = finders keepers.* el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].* el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.* el que no llora, no mama = the squeaky (squeaking) wheel gets the grease (the oil/oiled).* el que no se aventura no cruza el mar = nothing ventured, nothing gained.* el que pregunta = inquirer [enquirer, -UK].* el quid de la cuestión = the crux of the problem, the crux of the matter.* el registro de los registros = record-of-record.* el registro modelo = record-of-record.* el resto = rest, the.* el resto (de) = the remainder (of), the rest (of).* El Salvador = El Salvador.* el segundo mencionado = latter.* el sendero que lleva a = a/the doorway to.* el ser barato = cheapness.* el siguiente no, el otro = next but one.* el sitio adecuado en el momento adecuado = the right place at the right time.* el sueño de toda persona = the stuff dreams are made of.* el sueño de todos = the stuff dreams are made of.* el sueño de todo ser viviente = the stuff dreams are made of.* el súmmum = the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* el tamaño de = the extent of.* el tema de la discusión = the focus of the discussion.* el tema del debate = the focus of the discussion.* el tiempo de Algo = in season.* el tiempo es oro = time is money.* el tiempo lo dirá = only time will tell.* el tiempo vuela = time flies (by).* el tipo de = the range of.* el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.* el total de = the total sum of, the sum total of.* el transcurrir del tiempo = the sands of time.* el transcurso del tiempo = as time goes by.* el último citado = latter.* el último grito = the last word, the cat's meow, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* el último + Nombre = the latest + Nombre.* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.* el único = the one and only.* el único e incomparable = the one and only.* el único e inimitable = the one and only.* el único problema = a fly in the soup, the fly in the ointment.* el verdadero = the real McCoy.* el verdadero problema = the elephant in the room.* el ver televisión = television viewing.* el viejo = the elder.* el vulgo = the great unwashed.* el yugo de = the shackles of.* espicharlas = kick + the bucket.* la = the, ye.* la alternativa + ser = the alternative + be.* la belleza es superficial = beauty is only skin deep.* La Biblioteca Responde = Ask the Library.* la Biblioteca y el Archivo de Canadá = Library and Archives Canada.* la buena noticia = the good news.* la calidad es nuestro lema = quality is our middle name.* la calma que precede a la tormenta = the lull before the storm.* la cambiante fisonomía de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* la caridad empieza por uno mismo = charity begins at home.* la ciudadana de a pie = the average Jane.* la ciudadana media = the average Jane.* la ciudad que nunca duerme = the city that never sleeps.* la clave de = at the heart of.* la clave está en la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* la comunidad en general = the community at large.* la Convención de la Haya de 1954 = the 1954 Hague Convention.* la copa del árbol = the top of the tree.* la cosa es que = the thing is.* la cosa principal = the number one thing.* la crème de la crème = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.* la cruz de = the bane of.* la cuestión es que = the thing is.* la década de los + Número = the + Número + s.* la demanda de = a call for.* la diversidad de = the range of.* la diversidad de + Nombre = the many + Nombre.* la edad se lleva en el alma = you are as old as you feel.* la época de Algo = in season.* la escoria de la sociedad = the gutter.* la espalda de = the back of.* la evidencia = the writing on the wall.* la fe mueve montañas = faith will move mountains.* la filosofía de = the reason behind, the reasoning behind.* la flor de + Nombre = the prime of + Nombre.* la flor y nata = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.* la forma correcta de hacer las cosas = the way to go.* la forma de = ways and means (of/for/to/in/by).* la forma de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.* la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.* la fuerza de la mayoría = strength in numbers.* la gente decía que = rumour had it that.* la gente dice que = rumour has it that.* la gente se está inquietando = the natives are nervous.* la gente se está poniendo nerviosa = the natives are nervous.* la gente se puso de pie para aplaudir = standing ovation.* la gota que colmó el vaso = the straw that broke the camel's back.* la Gran Manzana = the Big Apple.* la gran mayoría de = the vast majority of, the bulk of.* la historia + repetirse = history + come full circle.* la historia + volverse a repetir = history + come full circle.* la hostia = the cat's pyjamas, the cat's pyjamas, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* la hoz y el martillo = the hammer and sickle.* la idea que hay detrás de = the idea behind.* la imaginación no tiene límites = your imagination is the limit.* la imitación es la mejor forma de que lo halaguen a uno = imitation is the sincerest form of flattery.* La Isla del Tesoro = Treasure Island.* la joya de = showpiece.* la judicatura = the Bench.* la justicia = the Bench.* la juventud no es cuestión de edad sino de espíritu = you are as old as you feel.* la leche = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* la luz al final del túnel = the light at the end of the tunnel.* la magistratura = the Bench.* la manera de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.* la mano que mece la cuna es la mano que domina el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.* la mano que mece la cuna gobierna el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.* la mar de = a whole slew of.* la mayoría con mucho de = the vast majority of.* la mayoría de = the majority of, most + Nombre, the main bulk of.* la mayoría de la gente = most people, the majority of the people.* la mayoría de las personas = most people, the majority of the people.* la mayoría de las veces = most of the time, more often than not.* la mayoría del mundo = the majority of the world, most people, the majority of the people.* la mayoría del tiempo = most of the time.* la mayor parte de = the majority of, the main bulk of, the lion's share of.* la mayor parte de las veces = more often than not.* la medida en que = the extent to which.* la mejor forma de hacer Algo = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].* la mejor manera = how best.* la mejor manera de = the best way of.* la mejor oferta = the best deal.* la mejor opción = the best bet.* la mejor salida = the best way forward.* la mejor solución = the best way forward.* la menor duda de que = no doubt whatsoever.* la mentira = lying.* la mirada en = eye(s) on.* la misma persona = one and the same person.* la mitad (1/2) = one-half (1/2).* la necesidad agudiza el ingenio = necessity mothers invention.* la ocasión la pintan calva = make + hay while the sun shines.* la opinión de otra persona = a second opinion.* la oportunidad de + Posesivo + vida = the opportunity of a lifetime.* la parte de atrás de = the back of.* la parte más dura de = brunt of, the.* la parte más importante = the heart of.* la parte principal de = the bulk of.* la parte superior izquierda de = the upper left of.* la parte trasera de = the back of.* la personificación de la confianza en uno mismo = confidence personified.* la pesadilla de = the bane of.* la pesca del día = the day's catch, the catch of the day.* la petición de = a call for.* la píldora = the pill.* la plebe = the great unwashed.* la polla = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* la práctica hace al maestro = practice makes perfect.* la primera tentativa = the first time around.* la primera vez = the first time around.* la proporción mayor de = the lion's share of.* la próxima moda = the next hot thing.* la puntilla = the final/last nail in + Posesivo + coffin.* la que = that, the one.* la razón de ser = the reason for being.* la realidad es que = the fact remains that..., fact is, the fact is (that).* la rehostia = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* la responsabilidad ahora recae en + Nombre = the ball is in + Posesivo + court.* la responsabilidad es de... = the buck + stops....* la riqueza de = the wealth of.* la ruina de = the bane of.* las = the, ye.* las 24 horas = round the clock, around the clock.* las apariencias engañan = don't judge a book by its cover, there's more to it than meets the eye.* las ataduras de = the shackles of.* las autoridades = the powers-that-be.* las cosas + cambiar = pendulum + swing.* las cosas + estar + claras = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* las cosas no pasan así como así = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).* las cosas no pasan (así) porque sí = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).* las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.* las cosas + seguir + igual = business + revolve + as usual.* las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.* las cosas sólo pasan una vez = lightning never strikes twice.* las cosas son más complicadas de lo que parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.* las cosas tal y como son = the birds and the bees.* las cosas + volver + a su punto de partida = the wheel + turn + full circle.* las de = those for.* las doce del mediodía = noon.* la segunda mitad de + Fecha = the latter part of + Fecha.* la segunda opción = the next best choice.* la segunda vez = the second time around.* la semana pasada = last week.* la senda que lleva a = a/the doorway to.* la situación = the course of events.* la sociedad en general = society at large.* las posibilidades son infinitas = the possibilities are endless.* las profundidades del mar = the deep.* las profundidades del océano = the deep.* las pruebas = the writing on the wall.* las raíces se encuentran = roots + lie.* las raíces se remontan a = roots + lie.* las razones de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.* las Reglas de Cutter para un Catálogo Diccionario = Cutter's Rules for a Dictionary Catalog.* las triquiñuelas de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* la suerte + cambiar = the tide + turn.* la suerte estaba echada = the die was cast, the die had been cast.* la suerte está echada = the die is cast.* la suma total de = the total sum of, the sum total of.* las uvas están verdes = sour grapes.* las veinticuatro horas = day and night, day or night, night and day.* la temporada de Algo = in season.* la tierra de la abundancia = the land of plenty.* la tierra de las oportunidades = the land of opportunity.* la tira de = a whole slew of.* la tira de tiempo = donkey's years.* la triste realidad es que = the sad fact is (that).* la última palabra = the last word, the last word, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* la última vez = last time.* la última vez que = the last time.* la única pega = the fly in the ointment, a fly in the soup.* la unión hace la fuerza = strength in numbers.* la ventaja de = the beauty of.* la ventaja es que = on the positive side, the advantage is that, on the bright side.* la verdad = the lowdown (on).* la verdad es que = if the truth be known, if the truth be told, the fact is (that), fact is.* la verdad es que... = the fact of the matter is that....* la verdad sea dicha = to tell the truth.* la verdad sea dicha que = if the truth be told.* la Vía Láctea = the Milky Way.* la vida continúa = the show must go on.* la vida + continuar = life + go on.* la vida es así = life's like that.* ¡la vida no es un camino de rosas! = the course of true love never did run smooth!.* la vida + seguir = life + go on.* la víspera de = on the eve of.* la voz de = the voice of.* la voz de la conciencia = the voice within.* la voz de la experiencia = the voice of experience.* la voz de la razón = the voice of reason.* la voz del odio = the voice of hate.* la voz interior = the voice within.* lo absurdo = ridiculousness.* lo adecuado = adequacy.* lo + Adjetivo + que sea/esté = how + Adjetivo.* lo anodino = blandness.* lo anteriormente expuesto = the preceding.* lo apropiado = appropriateness.* lo barato = inexpensiveness.* lo básico = essential, the, nuts and bolts, bare minimum, bare necessities, the, the lowdown (on).* lo bastante elevado = high enough.* lo bastante extenso = adequately scoped.* lo bueno de = the beauty of.* lo bueno es que = the good news is (that)..., on the positive side, on the bright side.* lo bueno viene en frascos pequeños = small is beautiful.* lo bueno y lo malo = the rights and wrongs.* lo caro = expensiveness.* lo chicano = Chicana.* lo chulo = coolness.* lo cierto es que = fact is, the fact is (that).* lo completo = completeness.* lo completo que Algo está = fullness.* lo creas o no = believe it or not.* lo decisivo = the last word.* lo definitivo = the last word.* lo desagradable = unpleasantness.* ¿lo dices en broma? = you must be joking!, you must be kidding!.* lo directo = directness.* lo divertido = the fun part.* lo engorroso de = cumbersomeness.* lo esencial = essential, the, nuts and bolts, bare minimum, bare necessities, the, the lowdown (on).* lo estrafalario = zaniness.* lo estrambótico = zaniness.* lo extenso = comprehensiveness.* lo favorable = propitiousness.* lo hebraico = Hebraica.* lo hecho hecho está = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk.* lo importante es lo que eres no cómo te llamas = a rose by any other name.* lo imprescindible = bare necessities, the, bare minimum.* lo incómodo de = cumbersomeness.* lo indefinido = indefiniteness.* lo indirecto = indirectness.* lo indispensable = bare necessities, the, bare minimum.* lo insulso = blandness.* lo interesante = the fun part.* lo judío = Judaica.* lo lindo = cuteness.* lo llano = flatness.* lo más cercano a = the nearest thing to.* lo más conveniente es que = optimally.* lo más destacado = highlights.* lo más detestado = pet hate.* lo más importante = most of all, at its core.* lo más interesante = highlights.* lo más mínimo = so much as.* lo más novedoso = the last word.* lo más odiado = pet hate.* lo más parecido a = the nearest thing to.* lo más probable es que = most probably.* lo más recio de = brunt of, the.* lo más recóndito = nooks and crannies.* lo máximo = the be all and end all, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* lo mejor = the top of the tree.* lo mejor de = the beauty of, showpiece.* lo mejor de ambas partes = the best of both worlds.* lo mejor de lo mejor = the best of the best.* lo mejor de todo = best of all.* lo mejor entre lo mejor = the best of the best.* lo mejor es que... = the good news is (that)....* lo mejor está aún por llegar = the best is yet to come.* lo mejor posible = to the best of + Posesivo + ability, at + Posesivo + (very) best, optimally.* lo mejor que pueda = to the best of + Posesivo + ability.* lo mejor que se puede hacer = the best bet.* lo mejor + ser = the beautiful part + be.* lo menos posible = as little as possible.* lo mínimo = bare minimum, bare necessities, the.* lo mismo ocurre con = the same goes for.* lo mismo ocurre en el caso de = the same is true (for/of/with).* lo mismo que = the same as, along the lines of, in much the same way as.* lo mismo que antes = the same as before.* lo mismo que para = the same as that for.* lo mismo se aplica a = the same is true (for/of/with).* lo molesto de = cumbersomeness.* lo mucho que = how extensively.* lo noble = high-mindedness.* lo no convencional = unconventional, the.* lo normal + ser + que = there + be + a tendency (to/for), there + be + a tendency (to/for).* lo oportuno = timeliness.* lo pasado pasado está = let bygones be bygones.* lo peor de = brunt of, the.* lo peor del = the armpit of the.* lo pintoresco = quaintness.* lo plano = flatness.* lo poco común = rarity, rareness.* lo poco convencional = unconventional, the.* lo primero = for one, first off.* lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.* lo prometido es deuda = a promise is a promise.* lo propicio = propitiousness.* lo público = publicness.* lo que = that which, what.* lo que aguarda a = what is on store for.* lo que Algo o Alguien se merece, lo que le corresponde, bastante = fair share, fair share.* lo que a uno cura a otro mata = one man's meat is another man's poison.* lo que demuestra que = which (just) goes to show that.* lo que el futuro depara a = what is on store for.* lo que es aun más inquietante = more disturbingly.* lo que es aun más preocupante = more disturbingly.* lo que es aun mejor = better still.* lo que es aun peor = worse still.* lo que es bueno para uno es bueno para otro = what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.* lo que es bueno para uno también es bueno para otro = what's good for the goose is good for the gander.* lo que es más = what is more, what's more.* lo que es más importante = most importantly, more importantly, most of all, most important.* lo que es mejor aun = better still.* lo que es muy importante = importantly.* lo que es peor = what's worse.* lo que es peor aun = worse still.* lo que espera a = what is on store for.* lo que está bien y lo que está mal = rights and wrongs.* lo que existe (en el mercado) = what's out there.* lo que haya que de ser, será = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.* lo que hay (en el mercado) = what's out there.* lo que hay que hacer = do + the right thing, the way to go.* lo que hay que hacer y lo que hay que evitar = do's and don'ts, rights and wrongs.* lo que le corresponde = fair share.* lo que nos espera = things to come.* lo que quiera que = whatever.* lo que sea = something or other.* lo que se gana por un lado se pierde por otro = swings and roundabouts.* lo que se pierda en una cosa se gana en la otra = what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts.* lo que + ser = what + be like.* lo que se suele pagar = going rate, the.* lo que tenga que pasar, que pase = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.* lo que tenga que ser, será = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.* lo que vale para tí también vale para mí = what's good for the goose is good for the gander, what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.* lo rural = rurality.* los = the, ye.* los 365 días del año = year-round.* los 40 principales = Top 40 singles chart.* los abajo firmantes = the parties hereto.* los acontecimientos = the course of events.* lo sagrado = sacredness.* los albores de = the dawn of.* los años cincuenta = fifties.* los años treinta = thirties.* los árboles no dejan ver el bosque = lose + sight of the forest for the trees.* los avatares de la guerra = the tides of war.* los buenos tiempos = the good old days.* los comienzos de = the dawn of.* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* los de = those for, those in.* los demás = rest, the, everybody else.* los detalles de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* los días antes de = leading up to.* los dos = both, both of them, both of which.* los efectos negativos se están dejando sentir ahora = chickens come home to roost.* los gobernantes = the powers-that-be.* los hay para dar y regalar = there's one born every minute.* los mandamás = the powers-that-be.* los más necesitados = those most in need.* los más pobres + Nombre = the poorest + Nombre.* los menos locuaces = inarticulate, the.* los motivos de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.* los necesitados = the needy.* los orígenes de = the dawn of.* los otros con los que aparece(n) = neighbours [neighbors, -USA].* los peores + Nombre = the poorest + Nombre.* los poderes fáticos = the powers-that-be.* los pormenores de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* Los Principios de París = Paris Principles.* los que = those who.* los que detentan el poder = the powers-that-be.* los que mandan = the powers-that-be.* los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.* los que + Verbo = those + Participio.* los tribunales = the Bench.* lo suficientemente cerca = within range.* lo suficientemente cerca como para oír = within earshot of.* lo suficientemente estúpido como para = dumb enough to.* lo suficientemente grande = large enough, big enough.* lo suficientemente lejos como para no poder oír = out of earshot.* los últimos coletazos = fag-end.* lo sumo = the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks, the cat's pyjamas.* los unos a costa de los otros = at each other's expense.* los viejos tiempos = the good old days.* lo tomas o lo dejas = take it or leave it.* lo último = the last word.* lo uno es tan malo como lo otro = one is as bad as the other.* lo vanguardista = cutting edge.* lo yidish = Yiddica.* parmarlas = kick + the bucket.* ser lo que nos espera = be the shape of things to come.* * *[ the masculine article el is also used before feminine nouns which begin with accented a or, ha e.g. el agua pura, el hada madrina]A (con un referente único, conocido o que se define) theel sol the sunel lápiz/la goma/los lápices/las gomas que compré the pencil/the eraser/the pencils/the erasers I boughtno, ése no, el que te presté ayer/el de Julio/el rojo no, not that one, the one I lent you yesterday/Julio's/the red oneen la calle Solís in Solís Streetprefiero el mío/los tuyos I prefer mine/yoursme atendió el estúpido del marido that stupid husband of hers served meyo soy la arquitecta, ella es lexicógrafa I'm the architect, she's a lexicographeryo fui la que lo rompí or rompió I was the one who broke itlos nacidos entre … those born between …los que faltamos ayer those of us who weren't here yesterday¿cuál es Ardiles? — el del sombrero negro which one's Ardiles? — the one with the black hatun encuentro al que asistieron muchas personalidades a meeting which was attended by many well known peoplela obra de la que or de la cual hablábamos the play we were talking aboutB(con sustantivos en sentido genérico): me encanta la ópera I love operaodio el pescado I hate fishasí es la vida that's life(nosotros) los mexicanos lo sabemos muy bien we Mexicans know only too well¿ya vas a la escuela? do you go to school yet?en el mar at seaviajar por el espacio to travel in spaceC(en expresiones de tiempo): ocurrió el domingo de Pascua/en el verano del 76 it happened on Easter Sunday/in the summer of '76mi cumpleaños es el 28 de mayo my birthday's on May 28el mes pasado/que viene last/next monthno trabaja los sábados she doesn't work (on) Saturdaysestudió toda la mañana he studied all morninga las ocho at eight o'clock, at eighta eso de las seis around six o'clockD(cada): lo venden a $80 el kilo/metro they're selling it at $80 a kilo/a meter o at $80 per kilo/meter¿cuánto cuesta el paquete de diez? how much does a packet of ten cost?E(con fracciones, porcentajes, números): me dio la mitad/la cuarta parte del dinero she gave me half the money/a quarter of the moneyel 20% de los peruanos 20% of Peruvians(refiriéndose a partes del cuerpo, prendas de vestir, artículos personales, etc): con las manos en los bolsillos with my/your/his hands in my/your/his pockets¡te cortaste el pelo! you've had your hair cut!tienes la falda sucia your skirt is dirtytienes el suéter puesto al revés you've got your sweater on inside outtiene el pelo largo/los ojos azules he has long hair/blue eyes1(con apellidos acompañados de título, adjetivos, etc): llamó el señor Ortiz/la doctora Vidal/el general Santos Mr Ortiz/Doctor Vidal/General Santos phonedel gran Caruso the Great Caruso2(con nombres de mujeres famosas): la última película de la Monroe Monroe's last movie3(en plural): los Ortega (matrimonio) the Ortegas, Mr and Mrs Ortega; (familia) the Ortegas, the Ortega familya los Josés se les suele llamar Pepe people called José are often known as Pepe4 (fam: en muchas regiones crit)(con nombres de pila): pregúntale a la Carmen/al Ricardo ask Carmen/Ricardo5(con algunos nombres geográficos): en la India in Indiaen (el) Perú in Peru6(al calificar): la España de Franco Franco's Spainel Buñuel que todos conocemos the Buñuel we all knowla Italia del siglo pasado Italy in the last century7(con algunos equipos deportivos): juegan contra el Juventus/el Barcelona they're playing against Juventus/BarcelonaH el(con infinitivo): odiaba el tener que pedírselo he hated having to ask heres cuidadoso y pausado en el hablar he's careful and deliberate in the way he speaksel frenético girar de los bailarines the frenzied spinning of the dancers* * *
Multiple Entries:
el
él
el (pl◊ los), la (pl las) art the masculine article el is also used before feminine nouns which begin with accented a or ha, e.g. el agua pura, el hada madrina
1
así es la vida that's life;
(nosotros) los mexicanos we Mexicans;
¿ya vas a la escuela? do you go to school yet?
las tuyas yours;
el último the last one;
el estúpido del marido that stupid husband of hers
2a) el + de:
el de las nueve the nine o'clock one;
el de mi hijo my son'sb) el + que:
los que estén cansados;
those who are tired, anyone who's tired;
la que te guste whichever you like
3 ( en expresiones de tiempo):
mi cumpleaños es el 28 de mayo my birthday's on May 28;
el mes pasado last month;
toda la mañana all morning;
a las ocho at eight o'clock
4 ( cada):◊ $80 el metro/kilo $80 a meter/a kilo, $80 per kilo/meter
5 (con fracciones, porcentajes, números):◊ la mitad/la cuarta parte del dinero half the money/a quarter of the money;
el 20% de … 20% of …
6 (con partes del cuerpo, prendas de vestir, artículos personales, etc):
¡te cortaste el pelo! you've had your hair cut!;
tiene los ojos azules he has blue eyes
7a) (con apellidos acompañados de título, adjetivos, etc):◊ el señor Ortiz/la doctora Vidal Mr Ortiz/Doctor Vidal;
los Ortega the Ortegas
ver África, Argentina, etc
él pron pers
◊ ¿quién se lo va a decir? — él who's going to tell her? — he is;
lo hizo él mismo he did it himself;
fue él it was him
( refiriéndose a cosas) it;◊ llegué antes que él I arrived before him o before he did;
con/para él with/for him;
son de él they're his
el art def m
1 the
2 (no se traduce) (ante un tratamiento formal) el sr. Gómez, Mr Gomez
(cuando el sustantivo es general) el hambre/tiempo, hunger/time
3 (se traduce por un posesivo) (con partes del cuerpo) se ha cortado el pelo, she's cut her hair
(prendas) se lo metió en el bolsillo, he put it in his pocket
(pertenencias) guarda el diario en el cajón, put your diary into the drawer
4 (con días de la semana) iré el miércoles, I'll go on Wednesday
5 (cuando el sustantivo está elidido) the one: prefiero el azul, I prefer the blue one
el de las diez, the ten o'clock one
el que está en la mesa, the one that's on the table
el que más nos guste, whichever one we like best
(delante de un posesivo) el de María, Maria's
es el mío, it's mine
él pron pers
1 (sujeto) (persona) he
(animal, cosa) it: fue él, it was him, fue él el que..., it was him that... o it was he who...
2 (complemento) (persona) him
(animal, cosa) it
dáselo a él, give it to him, es para él, it's for him
3 (posesivo) de él, his
4 (oración comparativa) ella es mejor que él, she's better than him o she's better than he is
'él' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abajo
- abalanzarse
- abaratarse
- abarquillarse
- abarrotar
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abastecimiento
- abatir
- abatimiento
- abdicar
- abierta
- abierto
- abismo
- abogada
- abogado
- abominar
- abominable
- abordar
- aborigen
- aborregarse
- abortar
- abotargada
- abotargado
- abrir
- abreviar
- abrirse
- absoluta
- absoluto
- abstención
- abundancia
- acabar
- acabarse
- acabose
- acallar
- acanallar
- accionariado
- acero
- achacosa
- achacoso
- achatamiento
- achicharrarse
- aclarar
- aclarado
- acomodarse
- acompañar
- acondicionar
- acostumbrada
- acostumbrado
English:
A
- abandon
- ABC
- ability
- about
- above
- abroad
- abseil
- absence
- absent
- absolute
- absolve
- absorb
- abstract
- academic
- accelerate
- accommodate
- accomplice
- account
- accurately
- accusation
- accused
- accustom
- aching
- act
- act on
- act up
- actual
- actually
- acute
- address
- adequately
- adjourn
- admission
- admit
- advance
- advanced
- advantage
- advantageous
- advise
- advocate
- affair
- afford
- afloat
- afraid
- after
- against
- age
- agenda
- aggregate
* * *el (f la, mpl los, fpl las) art determinado el is used instead of la before feminine nouns which are stressed on the first syllable and begin with “a” or “ha” (e.g. el agua, el hacha). Note that el combines with the prepositions a and de to produce the contracted forms al and del.1. [con valor especificador] the;el coche the car;la casa the house;los niños the children;el agua/hacha/águila the water/axe/eagle;fui a recoger a los niños I went to pick up the childrenla vida life;el hombre Man, human beings;los derechos de la mujer women's rights;los niños imitan a los adultos children copy adults;el pan es un alimento básico bread is a basic food;la mayoría de la gente no la conoce most people don't know her;vuelve el biquini bikinis are backse quitó los zapatos she took her shoes off;tiene el pelo oscuro he has dark hair;me han robado la maleta my suitcase has been stolen;se dieron la mano they shook handslos domingos vamos al cine we go to the movies (on) Sundays;llegaré el 1 de mayo [escrito] I'll arrive on 1 May;[hablado] I'll arrive on the first of May;son las siete it's seven o'clock;el año pasado/que viene last/next yearel Everest (Mount) Everest;la India India;La Haya The Hague;El Cairo Cairo;la España de la posguerra post-war Spainel señor/el doctor Juárez Mr/Doctor Juárez;los Amaya [matrimonio] Mr and Mrs Amaya, the Amayas;[familia completa] the Amayas, the Amaya family;los Austrias the Hapsburgs;el Hitler español the Spanish Hitler8. [con numerales, porcentajes, fracciones]el siete es mi número de la suerte seven's my lucky number;llegó el tercero he came third;el tercer piso the third floor;un aumento del 30 por ciento a 30 percent increase;la quinta parte (de) a fifth (of);el 20 por ciento (de) 20 percent (of)10. [con complemento especificativo]el/la del sombrero the one with the hat;los/las de azul [cosas] the blue ones;[personas] the ones in blue;he perdido el tren, cogeré el de las nueve I've missed the train, I'll get the nine o'clock one;el de aquí this one here;¿los del parque son amigos tuyos? were those people in the park friends of yours?;prefiero las del escaparate I prefer the ones in the window;los del fondo no se callan the people at the back won't shut upel mío mine;la tuya yours;los suyos theirsel/la mejor the best;es la mejor de la clase she's the best in the class, she's top of the class;los seleccionados realizarán un examen those chosen will sit an exam;el tonto de Ignacio se equivocó that idiot Ignacio got it wronges amante del buen comer she loves good food;me sienta mal el tener que decírtelo I don't like to have to tell you14. [con frases subordinadas][persona] whoever;el/la que [cosa] whichever;los/las que [cosas] whichever;[personas] whoever;coge el/los que quieras take whichever you like;el que más corra whoever runs fastest, the one who runs the fastest;las que quieran venir que levanten la mano those who want to come o anyone who wants to come should put their hand up;el que no te guste no quiere decir que sea malo the fact that you don't like him doesn't make him a bad person15. [con valor enfático]¡la pena que me dio verlo en ese estado! I felt so sorry for him when I saw him in that state!* * *elI art theII pron:el de … that of …;el de Juan Juan’s;el más grande the biggest (one);el que está … the one that is …* * *él pron: he, himél es mi amigo: he's my friendhablaremos con él: we will speak with himel pron, (referring to masculine nouns)1) : the onetengo mi libro y el tuyo: I have my book and yoursde los cantantes me gusta el de México: I prefer the singer from México2)el que : he who, whoever, the one thatel que vino ayer: the one who came yesterdayel que trabaja duro estará contento: he who works hard will be happyel, la art, pl los, las : thelos niños están en la casa: the boys are in the houseme duele el pie: my foot hurts* * *el det1. the¿qué te pareció el libro? what did you think of the book?2. (posesivo) my / your / his / her etcétera¿te has cortado el pelo? have you had your hair cut?3. (característica) the one¿cuál prefieres? el azul which one do you prefer? the blue one¡Ojo! Algunas veces no se traduce¿quieres salir el sábado? do you want to go out on Saturday?el Sr. García Mr. Garcíacon el que that... withen el que that... in -
66 लोकः _lōkḥ
लोकः [लोक्यते$सौ लोक्-घञ्]1 The world, a division of the universe; (roughly speaking there are three lokas स्वर्ग, पृथ्वी and पाताल, but according to fuller classifica- tion the lokas are fourteen, seven higher regions rising from the earth one above the other, i. e. भूर्लोक, भुवर्लोक, स्वर्लोक, महर्लोक, जनर्लोक, तपर्लोक, and सत्यलोक or ब्रह्मलोक; and seven lower regions, descending from the earth one below the other; i. e. अतल, वितल, सुतल, रसातल, तलातल, महातल, and पाताल).-2 The earth, terrestrial world (भूलोक); इह- लोके in this world (opp. परत्र).-3 The human race, mankind, men, as in लोकातिग, लोकोत्तर &c. q. v.-4 The people or subjects (opp. the king); स्वसुखनिरभिलाषः खिद्यसे लोकहेतोः Ś.5.7; R.4.8.-5 A collection, group, class, com- pany; आकृष्टलीलान् नरलोकपालान् R.6.1; or शशाम तेन क्षितिपाल- लोकः 7.3.-6 A region, tract, district, province.-7 Common life, ordinary practice (of the world); लोकवत्तु लीलाकैवल्यम् Br. Sūt.II.1.33; यथा लोके कस्यचिदाप्तैषणस्य राज्ञः &c. S. B. (and diverse other places of the same work).-8 Common or worldly usage (opp. Vedic usage or idiom); वेदोक्ता वैदिकाः शब्दाः सिद्धा लोकाच्च लौकिकाः, प्रियतद्धिता दाक्षिणात्या यथा लोके वेदे चेति प्रयोक्तव्ये यथा लौकिक- वैदिकेष्विति प्रयुञ्जते Mbh. (and in diverse other places); अतो$स्मि लोके वेदे च प्रथितः पुरुषोत्तमः Bg.15.18.-9 Sight, looking.-1 The number 'seven', or 'fourteen'.-11 Ved. Open space; space, room.-12 One's own nature (निजस्वरूप); नष्टस्मृतिः पुनरयं प्रवृणीत लोकम् Bhāg.3. 31.15.-13 Enlightenment (प्रकाश); इच्छामि कालेन न यस्य विप्लवस्तस्यात्मलोकावरणस्य मोक्षम् Bhāg.8.3.25.-14 Recom- pense (फल); अग्नावेव देवेषु लोकमिच्छन्ते Bṛi. Up.1.4.15.-15 An object of enjoyment (भोग्यवस्तु); अथो अयं वा आत्मा सर्वेषां भूतानां लोकः Bṛi. Up 1.4.16.-16 Sight, the faculty of seeing (चक्षुरिन्द्रिय); अग्निर्लोकः Bṛi. Up.3.9. 1.-17 An object of sense (विषय); उपपत्त्योपलब्धेषु लोकेषु च समो भव Mb.12.288.11. (In compounds लोक is often translated by 'universally', 'generally', 'popularly'; as लोकविज्ञात so ˚विद्विष्ट).-Comp. -अक्षः space, sky.-अतिग a. extraordinary, supernatural.-अतिशय a. superior to the world, extraordinary.-अधिक a. ex- traordinary, uncommon; सर्वं पण्डितराजराजितिलकेनाकारि लोकाधिकम् Bv.4.44; Ki.2.47.-अधिपः 1 a king.-2 a god or deity.-अधिपतिः a lord of the world.-अनुग्रहः prosperity of mankind.-अनुरागः 'love of mankind', universal love, general benevolence, philanthropy.-अनुवृत्तम् obedience of the people.-अन्तरम् 'another world', the next world, future life; लोकान्तरसुखं पुण्यं तपोदानसमुद्भवम् R.1.69;6.45; लोकान्तरं गम्-प्राप् &c. 'to die'.-अन्तरित a. dead.-अपवादः public scandal, po- pular censure; लोकापवादो बलवान् मतो मे R.14.4.-अभि- भाविन् a.1 overcoming the world.-2 pervading the whole world (as light).-अभिलक्षित a. generally liked.-अभ्युदयः public weal or welfare.-अयनः N. of Nārāyaṇa.-अलोकः N. of a mythical mountain that encircles the earth and is situated beyond the sea of fresh water which surrounds the last of the seven conti- nents; beyond लोकालोक there is complete darkness, and to this side of it there is light; it thus divides the visible world from the regions of darkness; प्रकाशश्चा- प्रकाशश्च लोकालोक इवाचलः R.1.68; लोकालोकव्याहतं धर्मराशेः शालीनं वा धाम नालं प्रसर्तुम् Śi.16.83; Mv.5.1,45; ऊर्ध्व- मालोकयामासुः लोकालोकमिवोच्छ्रितम् Parṇāl.3.3; (for further explanation see Dr. Bhāṇḍārkar's note on l. 79 of Māl. 1th Act). (-कौ) the visible and the invisible world.-आकाशः 1 space, sky.-2 (with Jains) a worldly region.-आचारः common practice, popular or general custom, ways of the world; अपि शास्त्रेषु कुशला लोकाचारविवर्जिताः Pt.5.43.-आत्मन् m. the soul of the universe.-आदिः 1 the beginning of the world.-2 the creator of the world.- आयत a. atheistical, materialistic. (-तः) a materialist, an atheist, a follower of Chārvāka. (-तम्) materialism, atheism; (for some account see the first chapter of the Sarvadarśanasaṁgraha).-आयतिकः an atheist, a materialist; कच्चिन्न लोकायतिकान् ब्राह्मणांस्तात सेवसे Rām. 2.1.38.-ईशः 1 a king (lord of the world).-2 Brahman.-3 quick-silver.-उक्तिः f.1 a proverb, popular saying; लोके ख्यातिमुपागतात्र सकले लोकोक्तिरेषा यतो दग्धानां किल वह्निना हितकरः सेको$पि तस्योद्भवः Pt.1.371.-2 common talk, public opinion.-उत्तर a. extraordinary, uncommon, unusual; लोकोत्तरा च कृतिः Bv.1.69.7; U.2.7. (-रः) a king. ˚वादिन् m. pl. N. of a Buddhist school.-उपक्रोशनम् circulating evil reports among the people; असारस्य वाक्संतक्षणैर्लोकोपक्रोशनैः... अपवाहनम् Dk.2.2.-एकबन्धुः an epithet of Śākyamuni.-एषणा 1 desire for heaven; या वितैषणा सा लोकैषणोभे ह्येते एषणे एव भवतः Bṛi. Up.3.5.1.-2 desire for the good opinion of the public.-कण्टकः 1 a troublesome or wicked man, the curse of mankind.-2 an epithet of Rāvaṇa; see कण्टक.-कथा a popular legend, folk-tale.-कर्तृ, -कृत् m. the creator of the world.-कल्प a.1 resembling the world.-2 regarded by the world. (-ल्पः) a period or age of the world.-कान्त a. liked by the people, popular; भव पितुरनुरूपस्त्वं गुणैर्लोककान्तैः V.5.21. (-न्ता) a kind of medical herb (Mar. मुरुढशेंग).-कारणकारणः an epithet of Śiva.-क्षित् a. inhabiting heaven.-गतिः f. actions of men.-गाथा a song handed down among people, folk-song.-चक्षुस् n. the sun.-चारित्रम् the ways of the world.-जननी an epithet of Lakṣmī.-जित् m.1 an epithet of Buddha.-2 any conqueror of the world.-3 a sage. -a. winning heaven; तद्धैतल्लोकजिदेव Bṛi. Up.1.3.28.-ज्ञ a. knowing the world.-ज्येष्ठः an epithet of Buddha.-तत्त्वम् knowledge of mankind.-तन्त्रम् course of the world; निर्मितो लोकतन्त्रो$यं लोकेषु परिवर्तते Bhāg.12.11.29.-तुषारः camphor.-त्रयम्, -त्रयी the three worlds taken collectively; उत्खात- लोकत्रयकण्टकेपि R.14.73.-दम्भक a. cheating mankind; Ms.4.195.-द्वारम् the gate of heaven.-धर्मः 1 a worldly matter.-2 (with Buddhists) worldly condi- tion.-धातुः a particular division of the world (जम्बु- द्वीप).-धातृ m. an epithet of Śiva.-धारिणी N. of the earth.-नाथः 1 Brahman.-2 Viṣṇu.-3 Śiva.-4 a king, sovereign.-5 a Buddha-6 the sun.-नेतृ m. an epithet of Śiva.-पः, -पालः 1 a regent or guardian of a quarter of the world; ललिताभिनयं तमद्य भर्ता मरुतां द्रष्टुमनाः सलोकपालः V.2.18; R.2.75;12.89;17.78; (the lokapālas are eight; see अष्टदिक्पाल).-2 a king, sovereign.-पक्तिः f. esteem of mankind, general respectability.-पतिः 1 an epi- thet of Brahman.-2 of Viṣṇu.-3 a king, sovereign.-पथः, -पद्धतिः f. the general or usual way, the univer- sally accepted way.-परोक्ष a. hidden from the world.-पितामहः an epithet of Brahman.-प्रकाशनः the sun.-प्रत्ययः universal prevalence.-प्रवादः general rumour, current report, popular talk.-प्रसिद्ध a. well-known, universally known.-बन्धुः, -बान्धवः 1 the sun.-2 Śiva.-बाह्य, -वाह्य 1 excluded from society, excom- municated.-2 differing from the world, eccentric, singular; उन्मादवन्नृत्यति लोकबाह्यः Bhāg.11.2.4. (-ह्यः) an outcast.-भर्तृ a. supporter of the people.-भावन, -भाविन् a. promoting the welfare of the world.-मर्यादा an established or current custom.-मातृ f. an epithet of Lakṣmī.-मार्गः an established custom.-यज्ञः desire for the good opinion of the people (लोकैषणा); Mb.1. 18.5. (com. लोकयज्ञो लोकैषणा सर्वो मां साधुमेव जानात्विति वासनारूपः).-यात्रा 1 worldly affairs, the course of world- ly life, business of the world; तस्माल्लोकयात्रार्थी नित्यमुद्यत- दण्डः स्यात् Kau. A.1.4; Mb.3.15.31; Dk.2.8; एवं किलेयं लोकयात्रा Mv.7; यावदयं संसारस्तावत् प्रसिद्धैवेयं लोकयात्रा Ve.3.-2 a popular usage or custom; एषोदिता लोकयात्रा नित्यं स्त्रीपुंसयोः शुभा Ms.9.25-3 worldly existence, career in life; Māl.4,6.-4 support of life, maintenance.-रक्षः a king, sovereign.-रञ्जनम् pleasing the world, popularity.-रवः popular talk or report.-रावण a. tormentor of the people; रावणं लोकरावणम् Rām.3.33.1; Mb.3.148.12.-लेखः 1 a public document.-2 an ordi- nary letter.-लोचनम् the sun.-वचनम् a popular rumour or report.-वर्तनम् the means by which the world subsists.-वादः public rumour; common talk, popular report; मां लोकवादश्रवणादहासीः R.14.61.-वार्ता popular report, public rumour; कश्चिदक्षर्धूतः कलासु कवित्वेषु लोकवार्तासु चातिवैचक्षण्यान्मया समसृज्यत Dk.2.2.-विद्विष्ट a. disliked by men, generally or universally disliked.-विधिः 1 a mode of proceeding prevalent in the world.-2 the creator of the world.-विनायकाः a class of deities presiding over diseases.-विभ्रमः see लोकव्यवहार; हृष्यत्तनुर्विस्मृतलोकविभ्रमः Bhāg.1.71.26.-विरुद्ध a. op- posed to public opinion; यद्यपि शुद्धं लोकविरुद्धं नाकरणीयम् नाचरणीयम्.-विश्रुत a. farfamed, universally known, famous, renowned.-विश्रुतिः f.1 world-wide fame.-2 unfounded rumour, mere report.-विसर्गः 1 the end of the world; Mb.-2 the creation of the world; Bhāg.-वृत्तम् 1 the way of the world, a custom prevalent in the world; लोकवृत्तमनुष्ठेयं कृतं वो बाष्पमोक्षणम् Rām.4.25.3.-2 an idle talk or gossip; न लोकवृत्तं वर्तेत वृत्तिहेतोः कथंचन Ms.4.11.-वृत्तान्तः, -व्यवहारः 1 the course or ways of the world, general custom; Ś.5.-2 course of events.-व्यवहार a. commonly used, universally current.-व्रतम् general practice or way of the world.-श्रुतिः f.1 a popular report.-2 world-wide fame.-संसृतिः f.1 fate, destiny.-2 course through the world.-संकरः general confusion in the world.-संग्रहः 1 the whole universe.-2 the welfare of the world; लोकसंग्रहमेवापि संपश्यन् कर्तुमर्हसि Bg.3.2.-3 worldly experience.-4 propitiation of mankind.-संपन्न a. possessed of worldly wisdom.-संबाधः a throng of men, going and coming; इतस्ततः प्रवेशनिर्गमप्रवृत्तलोकसंबाधम् Dk.2.3.-साक्षिक a.1 having the world as a witness; in the face of the world; प्रत्यक्षं फलमश्नन्ति कर्मणां लोकसाक्षिकम् Mb.3.32.6.-2 attested by witnesses.-साक्षिन् m.1 an epithet of Brahman.-2 fire.-साधक a. creating worlds.-साधारण a. common (as a topic); Dk.-सिद्ध a.1 cur- rent among the people, usual, customary.-2 generally received or accepted.-सीमातिवर्तिन् a. extraordinary, supernatural.-सुन्दर a. generally admired.-स्थलम् common occurrence.-स्थितिः f.1 existence or conduct of the universe, worldly existence; the stability or perma- nence of the world; ये चैवं पुरुषाः कलासु कुशलास्तेष्वेव लोकस्थितिः Bh.2.22.-2 a universal law.-हास्य a. world-derided, the butt of general ridicule.-हित a. beneficial to mankind or to the world. (-तम्) general welfare. -
67 conoscere
1. [ko'noʃʃere]vb irreg vt1) (gen) to know, (persona, avvenimento) to be acquainted with, know, (testo, abitudine) to be familiar with, know, (posto, ristorante) to know of2) (successo) to enjoy, have, (privazioni) to know, experience3)far conoscere qn/qc — to make sb/sth known
farsi conoscere fig — to make a name for o.s.
4)conoscere qn dalla voce — to recognize sb by his voice2. vr (conoscersi)1) (se stessi) to know o.s.2) (uso reciproco) to know each other, (incontrarsi) to meet -
68 Junkers, Hugo
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 3 February 1859 Rheydt, Germanyd. 3 February 1935 Munich, Germany[br]German aircraft designer, pioneer of all-metal aircraft, including the world's first real airliner.[br]Hugo Junkers trained as an engineer and in 1895 founded the Junkers Company, which manufactured metal products including gas-powered hot-water heaters. He was also Professor of Thermodynamics at the high school in Aachen. The visits to Europe by the Wright brothers in 1908 and 1909 aroused his interest in flight, and in 1910 he was granted a patent for a flying wing, i.e. no fuselage and a thick wing which did not require external bracing wires. Using his sheet-metal experience he built the more conventional Junkers J 1 entirely of iron and steel. It made its first flight in December 1915 but was rather heavy and slow, so Junkers turned to the newly available aluminium alloys and built the J 4 bi-plane, which entered service in 1917. To stiffen the thin aluminium-alloy skins, Junkers used corrugations running fore and aft, a feature of his aircraft for the next twenty years. Incidentally, in 1917 the German authorities persuaded Junkers and Fokker to merge, but the Junkers-Fokker Company was short-lived.After the First World War Junkers very rapidly converted to commercial aviation, and in 1919 he produced a single-engined low-wing monoplane capable of carrying four passengers in an enclosed cabin. The robust all-metal F 13 is generally accepted as being the world's first airliner and over three hundred were built and used worldwide: some were still in service eighteen years later. A series of low-wing transport aircraft followed, of which the best known is the Ju 52. The original version had a single engine and first flew in 1930; a three-engined version flew in 1932 and was known as the Ju 52/3m. This was used by many airlines and served with the Luftwaffe throughout the Second World War, with almost five thousand being built.Junkers was always ready to try new ideas, such as a flap set aft of the trailing edge of the wing that became known as the "Junkers flap". In 1923 he founded a company to design and manufacture stationary diesel engines and aircraft petrol engines. Work commenced on a diesel aero-engine: this flew in 1929 and a successful range of engines followed later. Probably the most spectacular of Junkers's designs was his G 38 airliner of 1929. This was the world's largest land-plane at the time, with a wing span of 44 m (144 ft). The wing was so thick that some of the thirty-four passengers could sit in the wing and look out through windows in the leading edge. Two were built and were frequently seen on European routes.[br]Bibliography1923, "Metal aircraft construction", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, London.Further ReadingG.Schmitt, 1988, Hugh Junkers and His Aircraft, Berlin.1990, Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I, London: Jane's (provides details of Junkers's aircraft).J.Stroud, 1966, European Transport Aircraft since 1910, London.P. St J.Turner and H.J.Nowarra, 1971, Junkers: An Aircraft Album, London.JDS -
69 Nasmyth, James Hall
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 19 August 1808 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 7 May 1890 London, England[br]Scottish mechanical engineer and inventor of the steam-hammer.[br]James Nasmyth was the youngest son of Alexander Nasmyth (1758–1840), the portrait and landscape painter. According to his autobiography he was named James Hall after his father's friend, the geologist Sir James Hall (1761–1832), but he seems never to have used his second name in official documents. He received an elementary education at Edinburgh High School, but left at the age of 12. He attended evening classes at the Edinburgh School of Arts for the instruction of Mechanics between 1821 and 1825, and gained experience as a mechanic at an early age in his father's workshop. He shared these early experiences with his brother George, who was only a year or so older, and in the 1820s the brothers built several model steam engines and a steam-carriage capable of carrying eight passengers on the public roads. In 1829 Nasmyth obtained a position in London as personal assistant to Henry Maudslay, and after Maudslay's death in February 1831 he remained with Maudslay's partner, Joshua Field, for a short time. He then returned to Edinburgh, where he and his brother George started in a small way as general engineers. In 1834 they moved to a small workshop in Manchester, and in 1836, with the aid of financial backing from some Manchester businessmen, they established on a site at Patricroft, a few miles from the city, the works which became known as the Bridgewater Foundry. They were soon joined by a third partner, Holbrook Gaskell (1813–1909), who looked after the administration of the business, the firm then being known as Nasmyths Gaskell \& Co. They specialized in making machine tools, and Nasmyth invented many improvements so that they soon became one of the leading manufacturers in this field. They also made steam locomotives for the rapidly developing railways. James Nasmyth's best-known invention was the steam-hammer, which dates from 1839 but was not patented until 1842. The self-acting control gear was probably the work of Robert Wilson and ensured the commercial success of the invention. George Nasmyth resigned from the partnership in 1843 and in 1850 Gaskell also resigned, after which the firm continued as James Nasmyth \& Co. James Nasmyth himself retired at the end of 1856 and went to live at Penshurst, Kent, in a house which he named "Hammerfield" where he devoted his time mainly to his hobby of astronomy. Robert Wilson returned to become Managing Partner of the firm, which later became Nasmyth, Wilson \& Co. and retained that style until its closure in 1940. Nasmyth's claim to be the sole inventor of the steam-hammer has been disputed, but his patent of 1842 was not challenged and the fourteen-year monopoly ensured the prosperity of the business so that he was able to retire at the age of 48. At his death in 1890 he left an estate valued at £243,805.[br]Bibliography1874, with J.Carpenter, The Moon Considered as a Planet, a World, and a Satellite, London.1883, Autobiography, ed. Samuel Smiles, London.Further ReadingR.Wailes, 1963, "James Nasmyth—Artist's Son", Engineering Heritage, vol. I, London, 106–11 (a short account).J.A.Cantrell, 1984, James Nasmyth and the Bridgewater Foundry: A Study of Entrepreneurship in the Early Engineering Industry, Manchester (a full-length critical study).——1984–5, "James Nasmyth and the steam hammer", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 56:133–8.RTS -
70 Pratt, Thomas Willis
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 4 July 1812 Boston, Massachusetts, USAd. 10 July 1875 Boston, Massachusetts, USA.[br]American civil engineer, inventor of the Pratt truss.[br]The son of Caleb and Sally Pratt, Thomas Pratt attended public school in Boston before going on to the Rensselaer School (now the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) in Troy, New York. While at school, his spare time was spent assisting his father, a well-known architect, in his practice. He is said to have drawn a complete set of plans for a substantial house when only 12 years old. At the conclusion of his studies, he was offered a teaching position at Rensselaer but turned it down as he was planning an engineering career; he became a government assistant on the construction of dry docks at Charleston, South Carolina, and Norfolk, Virginia.After this experience of government work, he turned to railroad construction, first with the Boston and Lowell and Boston and Maine railroads, followed by many others. In this work, he became involved in bridge construction, mostly as consulting engineer. His best-known bridge was that over the Merrimack River at Newburyport, Massachusetts, which he built with six long timber spans and a metal drawspan. He also invented a new method of ship propulsion, a form of steam boiler, an equalizer for drawbridge supports and an improved form of combined timber and steel truss; he is best known, however, for the Pratt truss. This did not truly come into its own until the inception of all-metal construction for bridges, by which time it was too late for Pratt to gain much financial reward from it.[br]Further ReadingD.B.Steinman and S.R.Watson, 1941, Bridges and their Builders, New York: Dover Books.D.Malone (ed.), Dictionary of American Biography, New York: Charles Scribner.IMcN -
71 γινώσκω
γινώσκω (in the form γιγνώσκω [s. below] since Homer; γιν. in Attic ins in Meisterhans3-Schw. index, from 325 B.C.; in pap fr. 277 B.C. [Mayser 165]; likew. LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., apolog.) impf. ἐγίνωσκον; fut. γνώσομαι; 2 aor. ἔγνων, impv. γνῶθι, γνώτω, subj. 1 sg. γνῶ and 3 sg. γνῶ (γνοῖ Mk 5:43; 9:30; Lk 19:15; Hm 4, 1, 5; B-D-F §95, 2; W-S. §13, 22; Mlt-H. 83; Rob. 1214); 2 sg. γνώσῃς (TestAbr A 8 p. 86, 5 [Stone p. 20]); opt. 1 sg. γνῴην; 3 sg. γνοίη Job 23:3, 5; inf. γνῶναι, ptc. γνούς; pf. ἔγνωκα, 3 pl. ἔγνωκαν J 17:7 (W-S. §13, 15 n. 15); plpf. ἐγνώκειν. Pass.: 1 fut. γνωσθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐγνώσθην; pf. ἔγνωσμαι. (On the spellings γινώσκειν and γιγνώσκειν s. W-S. §5, 31; B-D-F §34, 4; Mlt-H. 108.) This verb is variously nuanced in contexts relating to familiarity acquired through experience or association with pers. or thing.① to arrive at a knowledge of someone or someth., know, know about, make acquaintance ofⓐ w. acc. of thing: mysteries (Wsd 2:22; En 104:12) Mt 13:11; Mk 4:11 v.l.; Lk 8:10; will of the Master (Just., D. 123, 4) 12:47f; that which brings peace 19:42; truth (Jos., Ant. 13, 291) J 8:32; times Ac 1:7; sin Ro 7:7; affection 2 Cor 2:4; spirit of truth J 14:17; way of righteousness 2 Pt 2:21 P72; God’s glory 1 Cl 61:1.—Abs. γνόντες (Is 26:11) when they had ascertained it Mk 6:38; ἐκ μέρους γ. know fragmentarily, only in part 1 Cor 13:9, 12.—W. prep. γ. τι ἔκ τινος (X., Cyr. 1, 6, 45; Jos., Vi. 364) know a thing by someth. (Diod S 17, 101, 6): a tree by its fruit Mt 12:33; Lk 6:44; 1J 4:6; γ. τι ἔν τινι (Sir 4:24; 26:9) 1J 4:2. Also γ. τι κατά τι (Gen 15:8): κατὰ τί γνώσομαι τοῦτο; by what (= how) shall I know this? Lk 1:18.ⓑ w. personal obj. (Plut., Mor. 69c ἄνδρα τοιοῦτον οὐκ ἔγνωμεν; Did., Gen. 45, 24 evil powers): God (Ael. Aristid. 52, 2 K.=28 p. 551 D.: γ. τὸν θεόν; Herm. Wr. 1, 3; 10, 19a; Sallust. 18, 3 p. 34, 9 θεούς; 1 Km 2:10; 3:7; 1 Ch 28:9; 3 Macc 7:6; PsSol 2:31; Da 11:32 Theod.; Philo, Ebr. 45; Ar. 15, 3; Just., D. 14, 12; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 66, 26f) J 14:7ab; 17:3, 25; Ro 1:21; Gal 4:9; 1J 2:3, 13; 3:1, 6; 4:6ff; 5:20 (for 1J s. M-EBoismard, RB 56, ’49, 365–91); PtK 2. Jesus Christ J 14:7; 17:3; 2 Cor 5:16 ( even though we have known Christ [irrealis, ‘contrary to fact’, is also prob.=even if we had known; cp. Gal 5:11], we now no longer know him; on this pass. s. κατά B7a; σάρξ 5); 1J 2:3f (Just., D. 28, 3). τινὰ ἔν τινι someone by someth. (Ps 47:4; Sir 11:28; TestNapht 3:4) Lk 24:35.ⓒ w. ὅτι foll. (BGU 824, 8; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 22) Mt 25:24; J 6:69; 7:26; 8:52; 14:20, 31; 17:7f, 25; 19:4. W. ὅθεν preceding by this one knows (EpJer 22) 1J 2:18. ἐν τούτῳ (Gen 42:33; Ex 7:17; Josh 3:10 al.) J 13:35; 1J 2:3, 5; 4:13; 5:2. W. combination of two constr. ἐν τούτῳ γινώσκομεν ὅτι μένει ἐν ἡμῖν, ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος by this we know that (Jesus Christ) remains in us, namely by the spirit 3:24; cp. 4:13. W. an indir. question foll. (1 Km 14:38: 25:17; 2 Km 18:29; Ps 38:5) Mt 12:7; J 7:51. W. combination of two questions (double interrogative) ἵνα γνοῖ τίς τί διεπραγματεύσατο that he might know what each one had gained in his dealings Lk 19:15.② to acquire information through some means, learn (of), ascertain, find outⓐ w. acc. as obj. (1 Km 21:3; 1 Ch 21:2; 4 Macc 4:4) τοῦτο (1 Km 20:3) Mk 5:43. τὰ γενόμενα what has happened Lk 24:18. τὸ ἀσφαλές Ac 21:34; 22:30. τὰ περὶ ἡμῶν our situation Col 4:8; your faith 1 Th 3:5. Pass. become known to someone w. or without dat. of the pers. who is informed: of secret things Mt 10:26; Lk 8:17; 12:2. Of plots Ac 9:24 (cp. 1 Macc 6:3; 7:3, 30 al.).ⓑ w. ὅτι foll. (PGiss 11, 4 [118 A.D.] γεινώσκειν σε θέλω ὅτι; 1 Esdr 2:17; Ruth 3:14) J 4:1; 5:6; 12:9; Ac 24:11 v.l.ⓒ abs. (1 Km 14:29; 3 Km 1:11; Tob 8:12 al.) μηδεὶς γινωσκέτω nobody is to know of this Mt 9:30. ἵνα τις γνοῖ that anyone should obtain knowledge of it Mk 9:30.③ to grasp the significance or meaning of someth., understand, comprehendⓐ w. acc. foll. (Sir 1:6; 18:28; Wsd 5:7 v.l.; 9:13; Bar 3:9 al.; Just., A I, 63, 5; D. 68, 1 σκληροκάρδιοι πρὸς τὸ γνῶναι νοῦν … τοῦ θεοῦ): parables Mk 4:13; what was said Lk 18:34; (w. ἀναγινώσκειν in wordplay) Ac 8:30. ταῦτα J 3:10; 12:16; what one says J 8:43; God’s wisdom 1 Cor 2:8; the nature of God vs. 11; the nature of the divine spirit vs. 14; the love of Christ Eph 3:19 (s. γνῶσις 1); God’s ways Hb 3:10 (Ps 94:10); τὸν νόμον know the law J 7:49; Ro 7:1 (here perh.=have the law at one’s fingertips, cp. Menand., Sicyonius 138f, τῶν τοὺς νόμους εἰδότων; Just., D. 123, 2). πῶς οὖν [ταῦτα γιγν]ώ̣σκομεν; how then shall we know these things? Ox 1081, 25f (=SJCh 90, 1f), as read by Till p. 220 app.ⓑ abs. Mt 24:39.ⓒ w. ὅτι foll. (Wsd 10:12; EpJer 64; 1 Macc 6:13; 7:42; 2 Macc 7:28 al.) Mt 21:45; 24:32; Mk 12:12; 13:28f; Lk 21:30f; J 4:53; 8:27f; 2 Cor 13:6; Js 2:20.ⓓ w. indir. question foll. (Job 19:29) J 10:6; 13:12, 28.④ to be aware of someth., perceive, notice, realizeⓐ w. acc.: their wickedness Mt 22:18; γ. δύναμιν ἐξεληλυθυῖαν that power had gone out Lk 8:46 (on the constr. w. the ptc. cp. PHamb 27, 13 [III B.C.]; BGU 1078 [I A.D.] γίνωσκε ἡγεμόνα εἰσεληλυθότα; POxy 1118, 7; Jos., Ant. 17, 342; Just., D. 39, 2 al.).ⓑ abs. (Ex 22:9; 1 Km 26:12) Mt 16:8; 26:10; Mk 7:24; 8:17.ⓒ w. ὅτι foll. (Gen 3:7; 8:11; 1 Macc 1:5 al.): ἔγνω τῷ σώματι ὅτι ἴαται she felt in her body that she was healed Mk 5:29; cp. 15:10; J 6:15; 16:19; Ac 23:6.⑤ to have sexual intercourse with, have sex/marital relations with, euphemistic ext. of 1 (Menand., Fgm. 558, 5 Kock; Heraclid. Lembus, Pol. 64 [Aristot., Fgm. ed. VRose 1886, 383]; oft. in Plut. and other later authors, and LXX [Anz 306]) w. acc., said of a man as agent (Gen 4:1, 17; 1 Km 1:19; Jdth 16:22; ApcMos 4; Did., Gen. 143, 9) Mt 1:25 (in connection w. the topic of 1:25f see Plut., Mor. 717e; Olympiodorus, Vi. Plat. 1 [Westermann, 1850]: φάσμα Ἀπολλωνιακὸν συνεγένετο τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ τῇ Περικτιόνῃ καὶ ἐν νυκτὶ φανὲν τῷ Ἀρίστωνι ἐκέλευσεν αὐτῷ μὴ μιγνύναι τῇ Περικτιόνῃ μέχρι τ. χρόνου τῆς ἀποτέξεως. Ὁ δʼ οὕτω πεποίηκεν: ‘an apparition of Apollo had relations with [Plato’s] mother Perictione, and in a nocturnal appearance to Ariston [Plato’s father] ordered him not to have intercourse w. P. until the time of her parturition. So he acted accordingly.’—The legend of Plato’s birth is traceable to Plato’s nephew Speusippus [Diog. L. 3:2; Jerome, Adv. Iovin. 1, 42]); of a woman (Judg 11:39; 21:12; Theodor. Prodr. 9, 486 H.) Lk 1:34 (DHaugg, D. erste bibl. Marienwort ’38; FGrant, JBL 59, ’40, 19f; HSahlin, D. Messias u. d. Gottesvolk, ’45, 117–20).⑥ to have come to the knowledge of, have come to know, know (Nägeli 40 w. exx.)ⓐ w. acc.α. of thing (Bar 3:20, 23; Jdth 8:29; Bel 35; Just., D. 110, 1 καὶ τοῦτο γ.): τὴν ποσότητα 1 Cl 35:3; hearts (Ps 43:22) Lk 16:15; will Ro 2:18; truth (Just., D. 139, 5; Tat. 13, 1) 2J 1; 2 Cor 5:21; grace 8:9; πάντα (2 Km 14:20; Just., D. 127, 2) 1J 3:20. τὶ 1 Cor 8:2a. W. object clause preceding: ὸ̔ κατεργάζομαι οὐ γ. what I am accomplishing I really do not know Ro 7:15 (here γ. almost=desire, want, decide [Polyb. 5, 82, 1; Plut., Lycurg. 41[3, 9] ἔγνω φυγεῖν; Appian, Syr. 5 §18; Arrian, Anab. 2, 21, 8; 2, 25, 8; Paradox. Vat. 46 Keller ὅ τι ἂν γνῶσιν αἱ γυναῖκες; Jos., Ant. 1, 195; 14, 352; 16, 331]; mngs. 3 understand and 7 recognize are also prob.). W. attraction of the relative ἐν ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ γ. at an hour unknown to him Mt 24:50; Lk 12:46. W. acc. and ptc. (on the constr. s. 4a above) τὴν πόλιν νεωκόρον οὖσαν that the city is guardian of the temple Ac 19:35.β. of pers. know someone (Tob 5:2; 7:4; Is 1:3) J 1:48; 2:24; 10:14f, 27; Ac 19:15; 2 Ti 2:19 (Num 16:5); Ox 1 recto, 14 (GTh 31). W. acc. and ptc. (s. α above, end and e.g. Just., A I, 19, 6) Hb 13:23.ⓑ w. acc. and inf. (Da 4:17; Just., D. 130, 2 al.) Hb 10:34.ⓒ w. ὅτι foll. (Sir 23:19; Bar 2:30; Tob 3:14) J 21:17; Ac 20:34; Phil 1:12; Js 1:3; 2 Pt 1:20; 3:3; γ. τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς ὅτι εἰσὶν μάταιοι he knows that the thoughts are vain 1 Cor 3:20 (Ps 93:11).—Oft. γινώσκετε, ὅτι you may be quite sure that Mt 24:33, 43; Mk 13:28f; Lk 10:11; 12:39; 21:31; J 15:18; 1J 2:29 (cp. UPZ 62, 32 [161 B.C.] γίνωσκε σαφῶς ὅτι πρός σε οὐ μὴ ἐπέλθω; 70, 14; 3 Macc 7:9; Judg 4:9; Job 36:5; Pr 24:12). In τοῦτο ἴστε γινώσκοντες, ὅτι Eph 5:5 the question is whether the two verbs are to be separated or not. In the latter case, one could point to Sym. Jer 49:22 ἴστε γινώσκοντες and 1 Km 20:3.ⓓ w. indir. question (Gen 21:26; 1 Km 22:3; Eccl 11:5; 2 Macc 14:32; Just., A I, 63, 3 τί πατὴρ καὶ τί υἱός) Lk 7:39; 10:22; J 2:25; 11:57.ⓔ w. adv. modifier γ. Ἑλληνιστί understand Greek Ac 21:37 (cp. X., Cyr. 7, 5; 31 ἐπίστασθαι Συριστί).ⓕ abs. (Gen 4:9; 18:21; 4 Km 2:3; Sir 32:8) Lk 2:43. τί ἐγὼ γινώσκω; how should I know? Hs 9, 9, 1.⑦ to indicate that one does know, acknowledge, recognize as that which one is or claims to be τινά (Plut., Ages. 597 [3, 1]; Jos., Ant. 5, 112) οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς I have never recognized you Mt 7:23; cp. J 1:10. ἐὰν γνωσθῇ πλέον τ. ἐπισκόπου if he receives more recognition than the supervisor (bishop) IPol 5:2. Of God as subject recognize someone as belonging to God, choose, almost= elect (Am 3:2; Hos 12:1; SibOr 5, 330) 1 Cor 8:3; Gal 4:9. In these pass. the γ. of God directed toward human beings is conceived of as the basis of and condition for their coming to know God; cp. the language of the Pythagoreans in HSchenkl, Wiener Studien 8, 1886 p. 265, no. 9 βούλει γνωσθῆναι θεοῖς• ἀγνοήθητι μάλιστα ἀνθρώποις; p. 277 no. 92 σοφὸς ἄνθρωπος κ. θεὸν σεβόμενος γινώσκεται ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ; Porphyr., ad Marcellam 13 σοφὸς ἄνθρωπος γινώσκεται ὑπὸ θεοῦ; Herm. Wr. 1, 31 θεός, ὸ̔ς γνωσθῆναι βούλεται καὶ γινώσκεται τοῖς ἰδίοις; 10, 15 οὐ γὰρ ἀγνοεῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ὁ θεός, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάνυ γνωρίζει καὶ θέλει γνωρίζεσθαι. S. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 299f; Ltzm. on 1 Cor 8:3; RAC XI 446–659.—On the whole word: BSnell, D. Ausdrücke für die Begriffe des Wissens in d. vorplatonischen Philosophie 1924; EBaumann, ידע u. seine Derivate: ZAW 28, 1908, 22ff; 110ff; WBousset, Gnosis: Pauly-W. VII 1912, 1503ff; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 66–70; 284–308; PThomson, ‘Know’ in the NT: Exp. 9th ser. III, 1925, 379–82; AFridrichsen, Gnosis (Paul): ELehmann Festschr. 1927, 85–109; RPope, Faith and Knowledge in Pauline and Johannine Thought: ET 41, 1930, 421–27; RBultmann, TW I ’33, 688–715; HJonas, Gnosis u. spätantiker Geist I ’34; 2’55; EPrucker, Gnosis Theou ’37; JDupont, La Connaissance religieuse dans les Épîtres de Saint Paul, ’49; LBouyer, Gnosis: Le Sens orthodoxe de l’expression jusqu’aux pères Alexandrins: JTS n.s. 4, ’53, 188–203; WDavies, Knowledge in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Mt 11:25–30: HTR 46, ’53, 113–39; WSchmithals, D. Gnosis in Kor. ’55, 3’69; MMagnusson, Der Begriff ‘Verstehen’ (esp. in Paul), ’55; RCasey, Gnosis, Gnosticism and the NT: CDodd Festschr., ’56, 52–80; IdelaPotterie, οἶδα et γινώσκω (4th Gosp.), Biblica 40, ’59, 709–25; H-JSchoeps, Urgemeinde, Judenchristentum, Gnosis ’56; EKäsemann, Das Wandernde Gottesvolk (Hb)2, ’57; HJonas, The Gnostic Religion, ’58; JDupont, Gnosis, ’60; UWilckens, Weisheit u. Torheit ( 1 Cor 1 and 2) ’59; DGeorgi, Die Gegner des Pls im 2 Cor, ’64; DScholer, Nag Hammadi Bibliography, 1948–69, ’71.—B. 1209f. DELG s.v. γιγνώσκω. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv. -
72 знать
(см. также помнить) know• Во многих случаях необходимо знать скорость (= частоту), при которой... - In many cases it is required to know the rate at which...• Далее, из элементарных соображений мы знаем, что... - Furthermore, we know from elementary considerations that...• Из нашего опыта мы знаем, что... - It is a matter of experience that...• Из повседневного опыта мы знаем, что... - We learn from common experience that...• Из содержания предыдущих глав мы уже знаем, что... - We already know from earlier chapters that...• Многие не знают, что... - It is not widely known that...• Мы все еще ничего не знаем о... - We are still in the dark about...• Мы до сих пор не знаем, действительно ли... - We do not yet know whether...• Мы знаем, что подобное никогда не происходит (= не случается). - We know that this does not happen.• Мы теперь знаем совершенно точно, что... - We now know beyond doubt that...• Мы уже знаем, что... - We already know that...• Нам надо знать (метод и т. п.)... - We should be familiar with...• Однако в действительности мы знаем, что... - In fact, however, we know that...• Однако во многих случаях (= часто) мы не знаем... - But in many cases, we do not know...• Однако из экспериментов мы знаем, что бывают случаи, когда... - Experimentally, however, we know that there are cases when...• Однако необходимо знать, что понимается под... - It is necessary, however, to know what is meant by...• Следовательно, трудно быть уверенным, действительно ли... —It is therefore difficult to know whether...• Студенты всегда должны знать (= помнить), что... - The students must always be aware of...• Чтобы решить нашу задачу, нам необходимо знать величину... - То solve our problem we need the value of... -
73 bisherig
Adj. Ergebnisse, Leistungen etc.: so far, up to now, up till ( oder until) now (alle nachgestellt); (vorhergehend) previous, former; (jetzig) present; mein bisheriges Zimmer the room I had till now; die bisherigen Regelungen gelten nicht mehr the regulations previously ( oder presently) in force are no longer valid; nach meinen bisherigen Erfahrungen in my experience (to date); die bisherigen Ereignisse events so far; der bisherige Minister the outgoing ( oder former) minister; der bisherige Vorsitzende the retiring chairman* * *so far; previous; up to now* * *bis|he|rig [bIs'heːrɪç]adj attr(= vorherig) previous; (= momentan) present, up to nowder bishérige Stellvertreter ist jetzt Vorsitzender — the previous deputy is now chairman
der bishérige Stellvertreter wird jetzt Vorsitzender — the present deputy will become chairman
wegen unserer bishérigen Arbeitsweise war das unmöglich — because of our previous way of working or because of the way we worked before that wasn't possible
wegen unserer bishérigen Arbeitsweise ist das unmöglich — because of our present way of working or because of the way we have worked up to now that isn't possible
wir müssen unsere bishérigen Anschauungen revidieren — we will have to revise our present views
das ist mir in meiner bishérigen Karriere noch nicht vorgekommen — I've never known that in my career up to now
die bishérigen Bestimmungen gelten seit letzter Woche nicht mehr — the regulations previously in force ceased to be valid last week
die bishérigen Bestimmungen gelten ab nächster Woche nicht mehr — the regulations presently in force cease to be valid next week
* * *bis·he·rig[bɪsˈhe:rɪç]die \bisherige politische Entwicklung current political developmentsnach unseren \bisherigen Erkenntnissen according to our current knowledge* * *sie ziehen um, ihre bisherige Wohnung wird zu klein — they are moving - their present flat is getting too small
sie sind umgezogen, ihre bisherige Wohnung wurde zu klein — they have moved - their previous flat became too small
* * *bisherig adj Ergebnisse, Leistungen etc: so far, up to now, up till ( oder until) now (alle nachgestellt); (vorhergehend) previous, former; (jetzig) present;mein bisheriges Zimmer the room I had till now;die bisherigen Regelungen gelten nicht mehr the regulations previously ( oder presently) in force are no longer valid;nach meinen bisherigen Erfahrungen in my experience (to date);die bisherigen Ereignisse events so far;der bisherige Vorsitzende the retiring chairman* * *sie ziehen um, ihre bisherige Wohnung wird zu klein — they are moving - their present flat is getting too small
sie sind umgezogen, ihre bisherige Wohnung wurde zu klein — they have moved - their previous flat became too small
* * *adj.previous adj. adv.so far adv.up till (until)now expr. -
74 Kenntnis
f; -, -se1. nur Sg. knowledge (+ Gen oder von of); Kenntnis haben von know (about), be aware of; jemanden von etw. in Kenntnis setzen inform s.o. of s.th., bring s.th. to s.o.’s attention; Kenntnis nehmen von take note of; es ist uns zur Kenntnis gelangt, dass... we have learned ( oder been informed) that...; das entzieht sich meiner Kenntnis I have no knowledge of it2. Kenntnisse (Wissen) knowledge (+ Gen oder in + Dat of); (Erfahrung) experience (in, of); (Verständnis) understanding (of); gute Kenntnisse haben in (+ Dat) have a good knowledge of, be well grounded in* * *die Kenntnisknowledge; awareness* * *Kẹnnt|nis ['kɛntnɪs]f -, -seüber Kenntnisse von etw verfügen — to be knowledgeable about sth, to know about sth
gute Kenntnisse in Mathematik haben — to have a good knowledge of mathematics
ohne Kenntnis des Englischen — without any or a knowledge of English, without knowing English
2) no pl (form)etw zur Kenntnis nehmen, von etw Kenntnis nehmen — to note sth, to take note of sth
ich nehme zur Kenntnis, dass... — I note that...
jdn von etw in Kenntnis setzen — to inform or advise (Comm, form) sb about sth
das entzieht sich meiner Kenntnis — I have no knowledge of it
* * *die1) ((with with) knowledge: My acquaintance with the works of Shakespeare is slight.) acquaintance2) (information or what is known: He had a vast amount of knowledge about boats.) knowledge3) notice4) (a job or activity that requires training and practice; an art or craft: the basic skills of reading and writing.) skill* * *Kennt·nis<-, -se>[ˈkɛntnɪs]fetw entzieht sich jds \Kenntnis (geh) sb has no knowledge of [or doesn't know anything about] sthetw zur \Kenntnis nehmen to take note of sthzur \Kenntnis nehmen, dass to note thatohne \Kenntnis der familiären Situation können wir nicht viel tun we can't do much without knowing about the family situationSie sollten Ihre \Kenntnisse vertiefen you should broaden your knowledge\Kenntnis des Gerichts judicial knowledge [or cognizance]gesetzlich vermutete \Kenntnis constructive noticeetw zur \Kenntnis nehmen to take cognizance of sth* * *die; Kenntnis, Kenntnisse1) o. Pl. knowledgevon etwas Kenntnis haben/erhalten — be informed on something or have knowledge of something/learn or hear about something
das entzieht sich meiner Kenntnis — (geh.) I have no knowledge of that
von etwas Kenntnis nehmen, etwas zur Kenntnis nehmen — take note of something
jemanden von etwas in Kenntnis setzen — inform or notify somebody of something
2) Plural knowledge sing.oberflächliche/gründliche Kenntnisse in etwas (Dat.) haben — have a superficial/thorough knowledge of something
* * *1. nur sg knowledge (+gen odervon of);Kenntnis haben von know (about), be aware of;jemanden von etwas in Kenntnis setzen inform sb of sth, bring sth to sb’s attention;Kenntnis nehmen von take note of;es ist uns zur Kenntnis gelangt, dass … we have learned ( oder been informed) that …;das entzieht sich meiner Kenntnis I have no knowledge of it2.gute Kenntnisse haben in (+dat) have a good knowledge of, be well grounded in* * *die; Kenntnis, Kenntnisse1) o. Pl. knowledgevon etwas Kenntnis haben/erhalten — be informed on something or have knowledge of something/learn or hear about something
das entzieht sich meiner Kenntnis — (geh.) I have no knowledge of that
von etwas Kenntnis nehmen, etwas zur Kenntnis nehmen — take note of something
jemanden von etwas in Kenntnis setzen — inform or notify somebody of something
2) Plural knowledge sing.oberflächliche/gründliche Kenntnisse in etwas (Dat.) haben — have a superficial/thorough knowledge of something
* * *-se f.familiarity n.knowledge n. -
75 passieren
I v/i (ist passiert) (sich ereignen) happen; jemandem passieren (zustoßen) happen to s.o.; was ist passiert? what’s wrong?, what(‘s) happened?; das kann jedem mal passieren that can happen to the best of us; das kann auch nur dir passieren it’s just like you, isn’t it?; that could only happen to you; das könnte mir nicht passieren that wouldn’t happen to me; das ist mir schon mal passiert that has already happened to me; das passiert mir zum ersten Mal ( im Leben) that’s the first time anything like that has (ever) happened to me; das passiert mir nicht noch einmal that won’t happen (to me) again; ist dir etwas passiert? has anything happened to you?; mir ist nichts passiert I’m all right (Am. alright); ist was passiert? is everything all right (Am. alright)?, (is) anything wrong?; es wird doch nichts passiert sein? I hope there was no accident; es ist nichts passiert (auch umg. sexuell) nothing happened; wenn mir mal was passiert euph. (wenn ich sterbe) if something happens to me; mir ist gerade was Merkwürdiges passiert I just had a strange experience; jetzt ist es passiert! umg. that’s done it (now); ... sonst passiert was! drohend:... or else!; was passiert mit diesem Zeug? what’s to be done with this stuff?, where’s this stuff supposed to go?; und was passiert nun? and (what’s going on) now?II v/t (hat)1. (Ort, Stelle) pass (by, through etc.); (Brücke, Fluss) cross; jemanden passieren lassen an Posten, Kontrollpunkt etc.: let s.o. pass2. fig. (Hindernis überwinden) pass; das Gesetz muss den Bundesrat passieren POL. the bill has to get through the Bundesrat, the bill has to be passed by the Bundesrat3. SPORT, NAUT. clear4. (Gemüse etc.) strain, pass through a sieve* * *to occur; to pass by; to happen; to take place* * *pas|sie|ren [pa'siːrən] ptp passiert1. vi aux sein1) (= sich ereignen) to happen (mit to)ihm ist beim Bergsteigen etwas passiert — he had an accident while mountaineering
beim Sturz ist ihm erstaunlicherweise nichts passiert — miraculously he wasn't hurt or injured in the fall
es wird dir schon nichts passíéren — nobody's going to hurt you, nothing is going to happen to you
es ist ein Unfall passiert — there has been an accident
das kann auch nur mir passíéren! — that could only happen to me!, just my luck!
dass mir das ja nicht mehr or nicht noch mal passiert! — see that it doesn't happen again!
jetzt ist es passiert! jetzt kriegen wir Ärger — that's done it or torn it (Brit inf) or that does it, now we'll be in trouble
so was ist mir noch nie passiert! — that's never happened to me before!; (empört) I've never known anything like it!
2) (= durchgehen) to pass; (Gesetz) to be passed, to go throughjdn ungehindert passíéren lassen — to let sb pass
2. vt1) (= vorbeigehen an) to passder Zug passierte die Brücke — the train crossed or went over or passed over the bridge
die Grenze passíéren — to cross( over) or pass( over or through) the border
die Zensur passíéren — to get through the censor, to be passed by the censor
das Parlament passíéren (Gesetz) — to be passed by parliament, to get through parliament
* * *1) ((usually with to) to be done to (a person, thing etc): She's late - something must have happened to her.) happen2) wade* * *pas·sie·ren *[paˈsi:rən]I. vi Hilfsverb: sein1. (sich ereignen) to happenist was passiert? has something happened?wie konnte das nur \passieren? how could that happen?so etwas passiert eben things like that do happen sometimes▪ \passieren, dass... to happen that...2. (unterlaufen)▪ jdm \passieren to happen to sbdas kann doch jedem mal \passieren that can happen to anyone3. (zustoßen) to happen▪ jdm ist etwas/nichts passiert sth/nothing has happened to sb4. (durchgehen) to pass▪ jdn \passieren lassen to let sb pass [or go throughII. vt Hilfsverb: haben1. (überqueren)▪ etw \passieren to cross sth2. KOCHK* * *1.transitives Verb pass2.die Zensur passieren — (fig.) be passed by the censor; get past the censor
intransitives Verb; mit sein happenes ist ein Unglück/etwas Schreckliches passiert — there has been an accident/something dreadful has happened
jemandem ist etwas/nichts passiert — something/nothing happened to somebody; (jemand ist verletzt/nicht verletzt) somebody was/was not hurt
* * *A. v/i (ist passiert) (sich ereignen) happen;jemandem passieren (zustoßen) happen to sb;was ist passiert? what’s wrong?, what(’s) happened?;das kann jedem mal passieren that can happen to the best of us;das kann auch nur dir passieren it’s just like you, isn’t it?; that could only happen to you;das könnte mir nicht passieren that wouldn’t happen to me;das ist mir schon mal passiert that has already happened to me;das passiert mir zum ersten Mal (im Leben) that’s the first time anything like that has (ever) happened to me;das passiert mir nicht noch einmal that won’t happen (to me) again;ist dir etwas passiert? has anything happened to you?;mir ist nichts passiert I’m all right (US alright);ist was passiert? is everything all right (US alright)?, (is) anything wrong?;es wird doch nichts passiert sein? I hope there was no accident;es ist nichts passiert (auch umg sexuell) nothing happened;wenn mir mal was passiert euph (wenn ich sterbe) if something happens to me;mir ist gerade was Merkwürdiges passiert I just had a strange experience;jetzt ist es passiert! umg that’s done it (now);… sonst passiert was! drohend: … or else!;was passiert mit diesem Zeug? what’s to be done with this stuff?, where’s this stuff supposed to go?;und was passiert nun? and (what’s going on) now?B. v/t (hat)jemanden passieren lassen an Posten, Kontrollpunkt etc: let sb pass2. fig (Hindernis überwinden) pass;das Gesetz muss den Bundesrat passieren POL the bill has to get through the Bundesrat, the bill has to be passed by the Bundesrat3. SPORT, SCHIFF clear4. (Gemüse etc) strain, pass through a sieve* * *1.transitives Verb pass2.die Zensur passieren — (fig.) be passed by the censor; get past the censor
intransitives Verb; mit sein happenes ist ein Unglück/etwas Schreckliches passiert — there has been an accident/something dreadful has happened
jemandem ist etwas/nichts passiert — something/nothing happened to somebody; (jemand ist verletzt/nicht verletzt) somebody was/was not hurt
* * *v.to happen v.to occur v.to pass v. -
76 zeigen
I v/t1. allg. show; (vorführen) present; (zur Schau stellen) exhibit, display; jemandem etw. zeigen show s.o. s.th., show s.th. to s.o.; jemandem die Stadt zeigen show s.o. ([a]round) the town ( oder city), show s.o. the sights; zeig mal, was du kannst! come on, show us what you can do; zeig mir jemanden, der es besser kann I’d like to see anyone do better; lass dir von ihr zeigen, wie’s geht let her show you how it’s done; dem werd ich’s zeigen! umg., drohend: I’ll show him2. (anzeigen) show, indicate; das Thermometer zeigt 20° the thermometer is showing 20°; was zeigt die Waage? what do the scales (Am. does the scale) say?3. geh. (sehen lassen) show; die Blumen zeigen schon Knospen the flowers are beginning to show their buds; was zeigt das Foto? what is the photo of?, what does the photo show?4. fig. (erkennen lassen) show, demonstrate; (ausdrücken) express; seinen Ärger deutlich zeigen make it obvious how angry one is; jemandem seine Liebe zeigen show one’s love for s.o.; sie kann i-e Gefühle nicht zeigen she finds it hard to express her feelings; deine Antwort zeigt ( mir), dass du nichts verstanden hast it’s clear (to me) from your answer that you haven’t understood anything; die Erfahrung zeigt, dass... experience shows ( oder proves) that...II v/i1. Person, Pfeil etc.: point; zeigen auf (+ Akk) point at, point s.th. out; Thermometer: be at; Uhr: say; nach Norden zeigen point north; Fenster etc.: face north; zur Tür zeigen point to the door; sich so hinstellen, dass das Gesicht zur Wand zeigt stand facing the wall, position o.s. so as to be facing the wall; Finger2. zeig mal let’s see, let’s have a lookIII v/refl1. (sichtbar werden) show (itself); Person: show o.s.; (erscheinen) appear, come out; plötzlich: turn up; die ersten Sterne zeigten sich the stars were beginning to come out, the first stars were visible in the sky; sich mit jemandem zeigen be seen with s.o.; sich in der Öffentlichkeit zeigen appear in public, make a public appearance; so kann ich mich nicht zeigen I can’t go out ( oder let myself be seen) in this state2. fig. (sich erweisen) prove (to be); sich zeigen als prove (o.s.) to be; sich dankbar / freundlich zeigen be grateful / friendly; es zeigte sich, dass... it turned out that...; daran zeigt sich, dass... this shows that...; da zeigt sich wieder einmal, dass... it just goes to show that...; es wird sich ja zeigen we shall see, time will tell; jetzt zeigt sich, dass es so nicht geht it’s now apparent that this is not the right way; früh zeigte sich sein Talent zum Schriftsteller he showed an early talent for writing; erkenntlich 2, Seite 3 etc.* * *to display; to show; to indicate; to exhibit; to express; to screen; to evince; to point;sich zeigento appear; to show* * *zei|gen ['tsaign]1. vito pointnach Norden/rechts zéígen — to point north or to the north/to the right
auf jdn/etw zéígen — to point at sb/sth
mit der Maus auf etw zéígen (Comput) — to point the mouse at sth
2. vtto show; (Thermometer, Messgerät auch) to be at or on, to indicatejdm etw zéígen — to show sb sth or sth to sb
ich muss mir mal von jemandem zéígen lassen, wie man das macht — I'll have to get someone to show me how to do it
dem werd ichs (aber) zéígen! (inf) — I'll show him!
zeig mal, was du kannst! — let's see what you can do!, show us what you can do!
3. vrto appear; (Gefühle) to showsich mit jdm zéígen — to let oneself be seen with sb
in dem Kleid kann ich mich doch nicht zéígen — I can't be seen in a dress like that
er zeigt sich nicht gern in der Öffentlichkeit — he doesn't like showing himself or being seen in public
sich zéígen als... — to show or prove oneself to be...
es zeigt sich, dass... — it turns out that...
es zeigt sich (doch) wieder einmal, dass... — it just goes to show...
es wird sich zéígen, wer recht hat — time will tell who is right, we shall see who's right
daran zeigt sich, dass... — that shows (that)...
* * *1) (to show: She displayed a talent for mimicry.) display2) (to allow or cause to be seen: Show me your new dress; Please show your membership card when you come to the club; His work is showing signs of improvement.) show3) (to offer or display, or to be offered or displayed, for the public to look at: Which picture is showing at the cinema?; They are showing a new film; His paintings are being shown at the art gallery.) show4) (to point out or point to: He showed me the road to take; Show me the man you saw yesterday.) show5) ((often with (a)round) to guide or conduct: Please show this lady to the door; They showed him (a)round (the factory).) show6) (to demonstrate to: Will you show me how to do it?; He showed me a clever trick.) show7) (to prove: That just shows / goes to show how stupid he is.) show8) (to have or show (a particular expression): She wore an angry expression.) wear9) (to call attention to something especially by stretching the index finger in its direction: He pointed (his finger) at the door; He pointed to a sign.) point10) (to show; to make known by a sign, gesture etc: He signified his approval with a nod.) signify* * *zei·gen[ˈtsaign̩]I. vt▪ jdm etw \zeigen to show sb sthjdm die Richtung/den Weg \zeigen to show sb the way2. (vorführen)▪ [jdm] jdn/etw \zeigen to show [sb] sb/sthes jdm zeigen (fam) to show sbWirkung \zeigen to have an effectInteresse/Reue \zeigen to show interest/regretseine Gefühle [nicht] \zeigen to [not] show one's feelingsguten Willen \zeigen to show good willMut \zeigen to show courageII. vi1. (deuten/hinweisen) to pointnach rechts/oben/hinten \zeigen to point right [or to the right]/upwards/to the backnach Norden \zeigen to point north [or to the north]der Zeiger der Benzinuhr zeigt auf „leer“ the needle on the fuel gauge reads “empty”▪ \zeigen, dass to show that, to be a sign thatIII. vrkomm, zeig dich mal! let me see what you look likeam Himmel zeigten sich die ersten Wolken the first clouds appeared in the sky* * *1.transitives Verb point2.[mit dem Finger/einem Stock] auf jemanden/etwas zeigen — point [one's finger/a stick] at somebody/something
transitives Verb showjemandem etwas zeigen — show somebody something; show something to somebody; (jemanden zu etwas hinführen) show somebody to something
dem werd' ich's zeigen! — (ugs.) I'll show him!
3.zeig mal, was du kannst — show [us] what you can do
reflexives Verb1) (sich sehen lassen) appeares wird sich zeigen, wer schuld war — time will tell who was responsible
es hat sich gezeigt, dass... — it turned out that...
* * *A. v/tjemandem etwas zeigen show sb sth, show sth to sb;jemandem die Stadt zeigen show sb ([a]round) the town ( oder city), show sb the sights;zeig mal, was du kannst! come on, show us what you can do;zeig mir jemanden, der es besser kann I’d like to see anyone do better;lass dir von ihr zeigen, wie’s geht let her show you how it’s done;2. (anzeigen) show, indicate;das Thermometer zeigt 20° the thermometer is showing 20°;was zeigt die Waage? what do the scales (US does the scale) say?3. geh (sehen lassen) show;die Blumen zeigen schon Knospen the flowers are beginning to show their buds;was zeigt das Foto? what is the photo of?, what does the photo show?seinen Ärger deutlich zeigen make it obvious how angry one is;jemandem seine Liebe zeigen show one’s love for sb;sie kann i-e Gefühle nicht zeigen she finds it hard to express her feelings;deine Antwort zeigt (mir), dass du nichts verstanden hast it’s clear (to me) from your answer that you haven’t understood anything;die Erfahrung zeigt, dass … experience shows ( oder proves) that …B. v/i1. Person, Pfeil etc: point;mit der Maus auf etwas zeigen point the mouse at sth;nach Norden zeigen point north; Fenster etc: face north;zur Tür zeigen point to the door;sich so hinstellen, dass das Gesicht zur Wand zeigt stand facing the wall, position o.s. so as to be facing the wall; → Finger2.zeig mal let’s see, let’s have a lookC. v/r1. (sichtbar werden) show (itself); Person: show o.s.; (erscheinen) appear, come out; plötzlich: turn up;die ersten Sterne zeigten sich the stars were beginning to come out, the first stars were visible in the sky;sich mit jemandem zeigen be seen with sb;sich in der Öffentlichkeit zeigen appear in public, make a public appearance;so kann ich mich nicht zeigen I can’t go out ( oder let myself be seen) in this state2. fig (sich erweisen) prove (to be);sich zeigen als prove (o.s.) to be;sich dankbar/freundlich zeigen be grateful/friendly;es zeigte sich, dass … it turned out that …;daran zeigt sich, dass … this shows that …;da zeigt sich wieder einmal, dass … it just goes to show that …;es wird sich ja zeigen we shall see, time will tell;jetzt zeigt sich, dass es so nicht geht it’s now apparent that this is not the right way;früh zeigte sich sein Talent zum Schriftsteller he showed an early talent for writing; → erkenntlich 2, Seite 3 etc* * *1.transitives Verb point2.[mit dem Finger/einem Stock] auf jemanden/etwas zeigen — point [one's finger/a stick] at somebody/something
transitives Verb showjemandem etwas zeigen — show somebody something; show something to somebody; (jemanden zu etwas hinführen) show somebody to something
dem werd' ich's zeigen! — (ugs.) I'll show him!
3.zeig mal, was du kannst — show [us] what you can do
reflexives Verb1) (sich sehen lassen) appeares wird sich zeigen, wer schuld war — time will tell who was responsible
es hat sich gezeigt, dass... — it turned out that...
* * *v.to evince v.to exhibit v.to expose v.to offer v.to point v.to show v.(§ p.,p.p.: showed)or p.p.: shown•) -
77 confianza
f.1 confidence.tengo confianza en que lo conseguirán I'm confident they'll achieve itconfianza en sí mismo self-confidence2 trust (fe).una marca de toda confianza a very reliable brand3 familiarity.amigo de confianza close o intimate friendtengo mucha confianza con él I am very close to himen confianza in confidencepuedes hablar con toda confianza you can talk quite freelyse toma demasiadas confianzas she's too familiar, she takes too many liberties4 sureness, confidence.5 self-confidence, assurance, confidence, self-assurance.* * *1 (seguridad) confidence2 (fe) trust3 (familiaridad) familiarity, intimacy4 (presunción) conceit\con toda confianza in all confidenceen confianza confidentially, in confidenceestar en confianza to be among friendstener confianza en uno mismo to be self-confidenttener mucha confianza con alguien to be on intimate terms with somebodytomarse (muchas) confianzas to take libertiestratar a alguien con confianza to treat somebody like a friend* * *noun f.1) trust2) confidence* * *SF1) (=credibilidad) confidenceese abogado tuyo no me inspira confianza — that lawyer of yours doesn't exactly fill me with confidence
•
de confianza — [producto] reliableuna persona de confianza — (=competente) a reliable person; (=honrada) a trustworthy person
un producto de mi entera confianza — a product I have complete faith o confidence in
•
defraudar la confianza de algn — to let sb down•
ganarse la confianza de algn — to win sb's confidence•
dar o conceder un margen de confianza a algn — to place one's trust in sb•
perder la confianza en algo/algn — to lose faith in sth/sb•
poner su confianza en algn — to put o place one's trust in sb•
preso de confianza — trusty•
puesto de confianza — position of responsibility•
recuperar la confianza de o en algo — to regain one's faith o confidence in sthhombre 1., 1), moción 1)•
tener confianza en algn — to have faith o confidence in sb2) (=seguridad) confidence•
dar confianza a algn — to give sb confidence, make sb confidentya no le duele el pie y eso le da más confianza al andar — her foot no longer hurts so she's more confident walking
•
infundir confianza a algn — to inspire confidence in sb•
tener confianza en algo — to be confident of sthtener confianza en que... — to be confident that...
necesitas tener más confianza en ti mismo — you need to have more confidence in yourself, you need more self-confidence
3) (=amistad)no te preocupes porque estemos nosotros delante, que hay confianza — don't mind us, we're all friends here
•
con confianza, te lo digo con toda confianza — I'm being completely open with you•
de confianza, puedes hablar delante de él, es de confianza — you can speak freely in front of him, he's a friendun amigo de confianza — a close friend, an intimate friend
•
en confianza, (dicho sea) en confianza o hablando en confianza, no me fío nada de él — between you and me, I don't trust him at all•
tener confianza con algn — to be on close terms with sbdíselo tú, que tienes más confianza con ella — you tell her, you're closer to her
4) pl confianzas (=libertades)se toma demasiadas confianzas contigo — he takes too many liberties with you, he's a bit too familiar with you
¿qué confianzas son esas? — don't be so familiar!
* * *1) (fe) confidenceél/ella me inspira confianza — I feel I can trust him/her
confianza en alguien/algo — confidence in somebody/something
tengo plena confianza en que... — I'm quite confident that... o I have every confidence that...
había puesto toda mi confianza en él — I had put all my trust o faith in him
de confianza — < persona> trustworthy, reliable; < producto> reliable
2) (amistad, intimidad)tenemos mucha confianza — we are close friends, we know each other very well
3) confianzas femenino plural ( libertades)¿qué confianzas son ésas? — (fam) you've got some nerve! (colloq)
* * *= confidence, trust, reliance on, reliance.Ex. The flush of success with AACR1 gave the code compilers and cataloguers the confidence to criticise the new code with the object of further refining it.Ex. The trust in computer systems rests on their ability to prove that their security mechanisms work as advertised and cannot be disabled.Ex. Any reliance on principles alone is rejected, and an attempt is made to codify experience.Ex. Regardless of whether automation emancipates the library itself from reliance on cataloging data, we recognize our responsibility to meet the needs of libraries that cannot take advantage of the new technology.----* abuso de confianza = betrayal of trust, breach of trust.* amigo de confianza = intimate friend.* con confianza = confidently, with confidence, trustingly, trustfully.* con confianza en uno mismo = self-confident.* confianza del consumidor = consumer confidence.* confianza en la eficacia de uno mismo = self-efficacy.* confianza en uno mismo = self-confidence, assertiveness, self-efficacy, self-belief.* confianza mutua = mutual trust.* contar en confianza = confide.* con toda confianza = feel + free to.* dar a Alguien un margen de confianza = give + Nombre + the benefit of the doubt.* dar un voto de confianza = give + Nombre + some latitude.* decir con toda confianza = say in + full confidence.* decir en confianza = confide.* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.* depositar confianza = place + trust.* digno de confianza = trustworthy, creditable.* disminución de la confianza = sapping of confidence.* falta de confianza en = disbelief.* fortalecer la confianza = bolster + confidence, boost + Posesivo + confidence.* ganar confianza en uno mismo = gain + confidence (with/in).* ganarse la confianza = earn + trust.* ganarse la confianza de = achieve + credibility with, gain + the confidence of, win + the confidence of.* hombre de confianza = henchman [henchmen, -pl.].* índice de confianza del consumidor = consumer confidence index.* indigno de confianza = untrustworthy.* inspirar confianza = inspire + trust, inspire + confidence, instil + confidence, instil + trust.* intervalo de confianza = confidence interval.* la personificación de la confianza en uno mismo = confidence personified.* margen de confianza = the benefit of the doubt.* mermar + Posesivo + confianza = sap + Posesivo + confidence.* minar la confianza en Uno mismo = undermine + self-confidence.* minar + Posesivo + confianza = undermine + Posesivo + confidence, erode + Posesivo + confidence, sap + Posesivo + confidence.* nivel de confianza = confidence level.* no digno de confianza = untrustworthy.* ocupar un puesto de confianza = be on the inside.* perder confianza = lose + confidence (in).* pérdida de confianza = sapping of confidence.* persona de confianza = good old boy, sounding board.* recibir la confianza (de Alguien) = receive + credibility.* recuperar la confianza = boost + Posesivo + confidence, bolster + confidence.* relación de confianza = trusting relationship.* voto de confianza = vote of confidence, public trust.* * *1) (fe) confidenceél/ella me inspira confianza — I feel I can trust him/her
confianza en alguien/algo — confidence in somebody/something
tengo plena confianza en que... — I'm quite confident that... o I have every confidence that...
había puesto toda mi confianza en él — I had put all my trust o faith in him
de confianza — < persona> trustworthy, reliable; < producto> reliable
2) (amistad, intimidad)tenemos mucha confianza — we are close friends, we know each other very well
3) confianzas femenino plural ( libertades)¿qué confianzas son ésas? — (fam) you've got some nerve! (colloq)
* * *= confidence, trust, reliance on, reliance.Ex: The flush of success with AACR1 gave the code compilers and cataloguers the confidence to criticise the new code with the object of further refining it.
Ex: The trust in computer systems rests on their ability to prove that their security mechanisms work as advertised and cannot be disabled.Ex: Any reliance on principles alone is rejected, and an attempt is made to codify experience.Ex: Regardless of whether automation emancipates the library itself from reliance on cataloging data, we recognize our responsibility to meet the needs of libraries that cannot take advantage of the new technology.* abuso de confianza = betrayal of trust, breach of trust.* amigo de confianza = intimate friend.* con confianza = confidently, with confidence, trustingly, trustfully.* con confianza en uno mismo = self-confident.* confianza del consumidor = consumer confidence.* confianza en la eficacia de uno mismo = self-efficacy.* confianza en uno mismo = self-confidence, assertiveness, self-efficacy, self-belief.* confianza mutua = mutual trust.* contar en confianza = confide.* con toda confianza = feel + free to.* dar a Alguien un margen de confianza = give + Nombre + the benefit of the doubt.* dar un voto de confianza = give + Nombre + some latitude.* decir con toda confianza = say in + full confidence.* decir en confianza = confide.* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.* depositar confianza = place + trust.* digno de confianza = trustworthy, creditable.* disminución de la confianza = sapping of confidence.* falta de confianza en = disbelief.* fortalecer la confianza = bolster + confidence, boost + Posesivo + confidence.* ganar confianza en uno mismo = gain + confidence (with/in).* ganarse la confianza = earn + trust.* ganarse la confianza de = achieve + credibility with, gain + the confidence of, win + the confidence of.* hombre de confianza = henchman [henchmen, -pl.].* índice de confianza del consumidor = consumer confidence index.* indigno de confianza = untrustworthy.* inspirar confianza = inspire + trust, inspire + confidence, instil + confidence, instil + trust.* intervalo de confianza = confidence interval.* la personificación de la confianza en uno mismo = confidence personified.* margen de confianza = the benefit of the doubt.* mermar + Posesivo + confianza = sap + Posesivo + confidence.* minar la confianza en Uno mismo = undermine + self-confidence.* minar + Posesivo + confianza = undermine + Posesivo + confidence, erode + Posesivo + confidence, sap + Posesivo + confidence.* nivel de confianza = confidence level.* no digno de confianza = untrustworthy.* ocupar un puesto de confianza = be on the inside.* perder confianza = lose + confidence (in).* pérdida de confianza = sapping of confidence.* persona de confianza = good old boy, sounding board.* recibir la confianza (de Alguien) = receive + credibility.* recuperar la confianza = boost + Posesivo + confidence, bolster + confidence.* relación de confianza = trusting relationship.* voto de confianza = vote of confidence, public trust.* * *A (fe) confidenceun médico que me inspira confianza a doctor who I have faith in o who I trust, a doctor who inspires me with confidencesu actitud no despierta confianza her attitude does not inspire confidencelo considero digno de toda confianza he has my complete trustconfianza EN algn/algo confidence IN sb/sthtiene mucha confianza en sí misma she is very self-confident, she is full of confidence, she has plenty of self-confidencetengo plena confianza en que todo saldrá bien I have every confidence o I'm quite confident that it will all turn out wellhabía puesto toda mi confianza en él I had put all my trust o faith in himde confianza ‹persona› trustworthy, reliable, dependable;‹producto› reliableocupa un puesto de confianza en la compañía he has a position of trust within the companyquieren nombrar a alguien de su confianza they want to appoint someone they can trustB(amistad, intimidad): tenemos mucha confianza we are close friends, we know each other very welldíselo tú, yo no tengo tanta confianza con él you tell him, I don't know him as well as you dono les des tanta confianza a los alumnos don't let your pupils be so familiar with you, don't let your pupils take liberties with you like thatnada de ceremonias, estamos en confianza there's no need to stand on ceremony, things are pretty informal herepuedes hablar con franqueza, estamos en confianza you can speak your mind, you're among friendsunas copas nos hicieron entrar en confianza a few drinks helped us relax o set us all at our easees muy tímida y le cuesta entrar en confianza con la gente she is very shy and it takes her a while to open up with o feel confident with o feel at home with peoplete lo digo en confianza, pero no lo repitas I'm telling you in confidence, don't repeat ithablando en confianza, olía muy mal between you and me, it smelt awfulpuedes venir como estás, ellos son de confianza you can come as you are, they're people we know well o they're good friends(libertades): no le des tantas confianzas don't let him be so familiar with you, don't let him take liberties with you like that* * *
confianza sustantivo femenino
lo considero digno de toda confianza he has my complete trust;
confianza en algn/algo confidence in sb/sth;
tiene confianza en sí misma she is self-confident;
había puesto toda mi confianza en él I had put all my trust o faith in him;
de confianza ‹ persona› trustworthy, reliable;
‹ producto› reliable;
‹puesto/posición› of trust;
b) ( intimidad):
no les des tanta(s) confianza(s) don't let them be so familiar with you;
estamos en confianza we're among friends;
te lo digo en confianza I'm telling you in confidence;
tratar a algn con confianza to be friendly with sb
confianza
I sustantivo femenino
1 (fe, seguridad) confidence: tiene mucha confianza en sí mismo, he is very self-confident
2 (trato, intimidad) con María tengo confianza, I'm on very close terms with María
con él no tengo mucha confianza, I don't know him well enough
II confianzas fpl (familiaridad, atrevimiento) liberties: se toma demasiadas confianzas, she takes too many liberties
♦ Locuciones: de confianza, reliable
en confianza, (confidencialmente, con reserva) in confidence
(entre amigos) among friends
' confianza' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abuso
- confiada
- confiado
- creer
- ganarse
- insegura
- inseguridad
- inseguro
- legal
- licencia
- rezumar
- seguridad
- seria
- serio
- tapado
- fe
- fiar
- ganar
- hombre
- infundir
- inspirar
- libertad
- recobrar
- recuperar
- seguro
- voto
English:
assurance
- authoritative
- belief
- breach
- complete
- confidence
- confidential
- dent
- depend
- diffidence
- erode
- erosion
- faith
- familiar
- implicit
- inside
- intact
- jauntily
- judgement
- judgment
- key
- melt away
- misplaced
- nerve
- ooze
- reliance
- reputable
- right-hand man
- safe
- safely
- sap
- self-assurance
- self-confidence
- self-doubt
- self-reliance
- shatter
- sure
- trust
- trusted
- trustworthy
- unreliable
- untrustworthy
- vote
- boost
- confident
- dependable
- gain
- reliable
- self
* * *confianza nftengo plena confianza en su trabajo I have the utmost confidence in her work;tengo confianza en que lo conseguirán I'm confident they'll achieve it;confianza en uno mismo self-confidence;no me inspira la más mínima confianza I have no confidence o faith in him whatsoever;deposito toda mi confianza en él I'm putting all my faith o trust in him2.[producto, servicio] reliable;de confianza [persona] trustworthy, reliable;uno de sus colaboradores de confianza one of his most trusted associates;una marca de toda confianza a very reliable brand3. [familiaridad] familiarity;amigo de confianza close o intimate friend;en confianza in confidence;te cuento todo esto en confianza I'm telling you all this in confidence;tengo mucha confianza con él I am very close to him;pregúntaselo tú, que tienes más confianza con él you ask him, you're closer to him;una cosa te voy a decir con toda confianza… let me be frank…;puedes hablar con toda confianza you can talk quite freely;entre nosotros hay confianza we're good friends;se toma demasiadas confianzas he's too familiar, he takes too many liberties;Famdonde hay confianza da asco familiarity breeds contempt* * *f1 confidence;confianza en sí mismo self-confidence2 ( amistad):de confianza persona trustworthy;amigo de confianza good friend;en confianza in confidence3:tomarse demasiadas confianzas take liberties* * *confianza nf1) : trustde poca confiaza: untrustworthy2) : confidence, self- confidence* * *1. (fe) trust2. (seguridad) confidence -
78 esfera
f.1 sphere (figura).esfera celeste celestial sphereesfera terrestre (terrestrial) globe2 face.3 circle.las altas esferas de la política high political circles4 realm, field.* * *1 sphere, globe2 (de reloj) dial, face* * *noun f.1) sphere2) dial* * *SF1) (Geog, Mat) sphere2) (Téc) [de reloj] faceesfera impresora — (Tip) golf ball
3) (=campo) sphere, fieldel proyecto ha sido autorizado por las altas esferas — the project has had the go-ahead from the top authorities o the upper echelons
esfera de acción — scope, range
* * *1) (Astron, Mat) sphere2) ( de reloj) face3) ( ámbito) sphere* * *= province, purview, sphere, territory, dial.Ex. The bibliographical control of such items is the province of in-house indexing.Ex. This article discusses the fact that no library is able to acquire all published material within its subject purview.Ex. I am not convinced that people become connoisseurs -- experts: educated and discriminating people in any sphere -- from limited knowledge and experience, no matter how rich in quality.Ex. The report suggests that structural changes within higher education and within the information industry affect the legitimacy, status, and territory of librarians' work.Ex. Electricity meters usually have four or five main dials.----* altas esferas del poder, las = echelons of power, the.* altas esferas, las = corridors of power, the.* esfera celeste = celestial sphere.* esfera de influencia = sphere of influence.* esfera de la información, la = infosphere, the.* esfera del reloj = clock face.* esfera pública, la = public sphere, the.* ser como una esfera = wrap around.* * *1) (Astron, Mat) sphere2) ( de reloj) face3) ( ámbito) sphere* * *= province, purview, sphere, territory, dial.Ex: The bibliographical control of such items is the province of in-house indexing.
Ex: This article discusses the fact that no library is able to acquire all published material within its subject purview.Ex: I am not convinced that people become connoisseurs -- experts: educated and discriminating people in any sphere -- from limited knowledge and experience, no matter how rich in quality.Ex: The report suggests that structural changes within higher education and within the information industry affect the legitimacy, status, and territory of librarians' work.Ex: Electricity meters usually have four or five main dials.* altas esferas del poder, las = echelons of power, the.* altas esferas, las = corridors of power, the.* esfera celeste = celestial sphere.* esfera de influencia = sphere of influence.* esfera de la información, la = infosphere, the.* esfera del reloj = clock face.* esfera pública, la = public sphere, the.* ser como una esfera = wrap around.* * *Compuestos:celestial globecelestial sphereglobeB (de un reloj) faceC (ámbito) sphereen las altas esferas de la política in the highest political circlesesfera de acción sphere of actionesfera de influencia sphere of influenceen la esfera económica in the economic sphere* * *
esfera sustantivo femeninoa) (Astron, Mat) sphere
esfera sustantivo femenino
1 sphere: hay tensiones en la esfera política, there are some tensions in the political sphere
2 (de un aparato) dial
(de un reloj) face
' esfera' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
desorbitar
- globo
- terreno
English:
dial
- face
- field
- globe
- province
- realm
- sphere
- domain
* * *esfera nf1. [figura] sphereesfera armilar armillary sphere;esfera celeste celestial sphere;esfera terrestre (terrestrial) globe2. [de reloj] face3. [círculo social] circle;las altas esferas de la política high political circles;es muy conocido en la esfera teatral he is very well-known in theatrical circlesesfera de influencia sphere of influence* * *f sphere;esfera de actividad fig field osphere (of activity);* * *esfera nf1) : sphere2) : face, dial (of a watch)* * *esfera n1. (en general) sphere2. (de reloj) face -
79 tratar
v.1 to treat (comportarse con) (persona, objeto).¿qué tal te trataron? how were you treated?El médico trata al paciente The doctor treats=cures the patient.2 to have dealings or contact with.la traté muy poco I didn't have much to do with her3 to treat (tema, asunto).eso lo tienes que tratar con el jefe that's something you'll have to discuss with the boss4 to treat.5 to treat (agua, sustancia, alimento).6 to process (computing) (datos, información).Ellos tratan el cuero They process the leather.7 to deal.Las empresas trataron The companies made a deal.8 to try, to make a trial, to attempt it, to attempt.Ella trató por mucho tiempo She tried for a long time.9 to handle, to maneuver, to manoeuvre.Ellos tratan sus pensamientos They handle their thoughts.* * *1 (gen - objeto) to treat, handle; (- persona) to treat2 (asunto, tema) to discuss, deal with3 (gestionar) to handle, run4 (dar tratamiento) to address as5 (calificar, considerar) to consider, call6 MEDICINA to treat7 (datos, texto) to process8 QUÍMICA to treat2 (tener tratos) to deal ( con, with)3 (negociar) to negotiate ( con, with)4 (intentar) to try (de, to)5 (versar) to be about■ trata de/sobre espías it's about spies6 COMERCIO to deal (en, in)1 (relacionarse) to talk to each other, be on speaking terms2 (llamarse) to address each other as, call each other3 (referirse) to be about\se trata de... it's a question of..., it's a matter of...* * *verb1) to treat2) handle•- tratar de* * *1. VT1) [+ persona, animal, objeto] to treathay que tratar a los animales con cariño — animals should be given plenty of affection, animals should be treated lovingly
te dejo la cámara, pero trátala bien — I'll let you have the camera, but be careful with it o treat it carefully
la vida la ha tratado muy bien — life has been very kind to her, life has treated her very well
•
tratar a algn de loco — to treat sb like a madman2) (=llamar)¿cómo le tenemos que tratar cuando nos hable? — how should we address him when he speaks to us?
•
tratar a algn de algo — to call sb sthtratar a algn de tú/usted — to address sb as "tú"/"usted"
3) (=relacionarse con)tratar a algn: ya no lo trato — I no longer have any dealings with him
me cae bien, pero no la he tratado mucho — I like her, but I haven't had a lot to do with her
4) (Med) [+ paciente, enfermedad] to treat¿qué médico te está tratando? — which doctor is giving you treatment?
5) [+ tejido, madera, residuos] to treat6) (=discutir) [+ tema] to deal with; [+ acuerdo, paz] to negotiateeste asunto tiene que tratarlo directamente con el director — you'll have to speak directly with the manager about this matter
7) (Inform) to process2. VI1)• tratar de — [libro] to be about, deal with; [personas] to talk about, discuss
ahora van a tratar del programa — they're going to talk about o discuss the programme now
2) (=intentar)•
tratar de hacer algo — to try to do sth•
tratar de que, trataré de que esta sea la última vez — I'll try to make sure that this is the last timetrata por todos los medios de que el trabajo esté acabado para mañana — try and do whatever you can to make sure that the job is done by tomorrow
3) (=relacionarse)•
tratar con algn, trato con todo tipo de gente — I deal with all sorts of peopleno había tratado con personas de esa clase — I had not previously come into contact with people like that
para tratar con animales hay que tener mucha paciencia — you have to be very patient when dealing with animals
4) (Com)•
tratar con o en algo — to deal in sthtrataban con o en pieles — they dealt in furs, they were involved in the fur trade
3.See:* * *1.verbo intransitivo1) ( intentar) to trytratar de + inf — to try to + inf
tratar de que + subj: trata de que queden a la misma altura try to get them level; trataré de que no vuelva a suceder — I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again
2) obra/libro/película¿de qué trata el libro? — what's the book about?
3) (tener contacto, relaciones)4) (Com)2.tratar vt1)a) <persona/animal/instrumento> (+ compl) to treatb) ( llamar)tratar a alguien de usted/tú — to address somebody using the polite usted or the more familiar tú form
2) ( frecuentar)3) <tema/asunto> to deal with4)a) <paciente/enfermedad> to treatb) <sustancia/metal> to treat3.tratarse v pron1)a)tratarse con alguien — ( ser amigo de) to be friendly with somebody; ( alternar) to socialize o mix with somebody
b) (recípr)2) (+ compl)a) (recípr)se tratan de usted/tú — they address each other as `usted'/`tu'
se tratan sin ningún respeto — they have o show no respect for each other
b) (refl) ( cuidarse)tratarse bien/mal — to look after oneself well/not to look after oneself
3) (Med) to have o undergo treatment4) tratarse de (en 3a pers)a) ( ser acerca de) to be about¿de qué se trata? — what's it about?
b) ( ser cuestión de)se trata de arreglar la situación, no de discutir — we're supposed to be settling things, not arguing
si sólo se trata de eso... — if that's all it is...
* * *= address, approach, consider (as), cover, discuss, focus on/upon, get to, go into, handle, manipulate, tackle, treat, turn to, broach, give + treatment, play with, speak to, treat, pick up on, meet.Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio met.Ex. The inclusion of vendors and publishers allows everyone to address sticky business relationships head-on.Ex. The searcher may be the end user, but the end user is approaching the search in some ignorance of his real requirements, or of the literature that might be available to meet those requirements.Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.Ex. The schedules are divided into two parts, one covering music scores and parts and the other concerned with music literature.Ex. This review also illustrates some of the issues which cataloguers have discussed over the years, and demonstrates other solutions to standards in cataloguing than those embodied in modern cataloguing codes.Ex. In a text such as this which focuses primarily upon controlled indexing languages and systems it is difficult to place natural language indexing in a appropriate context.Ex. 'I'll get to that, I promise! but right now I have a budget to work on!'.Ex. Although the description given here is quite lengthy, many points are glossed over, and the Manual goes into these and a number of others at length.Ex. An author's name is usually shorter than a title, and thus is arguably easier to handle and remember.Ex. Different stores offer access to distinct types of information or data and permit the information to be manipulated to varying extents.Ex. Chapter 2 tackles books, pamphlets and printed sheets, and chapter 3 is dedicated to cartographic materials.Ex. In troubleshooting, it is important to treat the cause as well as the symptom of the problem = En la solución de problemas, es importante tratar tanto la causa como el síntoma del problema.Ex. We shall turn to this distinction very shortly.Ex. Some of the consequences of this conclusion are broached in this article.Ex. In this five-day workshop we will play with the design and building of non-traditional interface solutions.Ex. Numerous articles in the library literature speak to this phenomenon but most deal with the experience of larger libraries.Ex. The author studies the factors which have impeded the spread of information on the use of thioctic acid to treat mushroom poisoning.Ex. The report picks up on this as a surprising finding, suggesting implicitly that open access journals are lagging behind in this regard.Ex. There may be a threat of over-capacity; if so, this could be met by diversification, an enlargement of the SLIS role.----* aguas residuales sin tratar = raw sewage, raw waste water.* atreverse a tratar = dare to + tread.* como si (se tratase de) = as if.* continuar tratando = pursue + Nombre + further.* cuando se trata de + Infinitivo = when it comes to + Gerundio.* de qué se trata = what it's all about.* difícil de tratar = unruly.* empezar a tratar = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.* manera de tratar = avenue of approach.* no atraverse a tratar = fear to + tread.* ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.* que trata de = surrounding.* seguir tratando = discuss + further.* sin tratar = untreated.* temer tratar = fear to + tread.* tratar Algo = get down to + Nombre, be under consideration.* tratar algo en detalle = go into + Algo + at length.* tratar Algo en profundidad = go into + Algo + at length.* tratar Algo imparcialmente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.* tratar Algo justamente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.* tratar Algo sin parcialismo = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.* tratar Algo sin rodeos = address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on.* tratar Algo supercialmente = dabble in.* tratar como un objeto = objectify.* tratar como un personaje = lionise [lionize, -USA].* tratar (con) = negotiate (with).* tratar con bondad = kill + Nombre + with kindness, smother + Nombre + with kindness.* tratar con cloro = chlorinate.* tratar con condescendencia = patronise [patronize, -USA], condescend.* tratar con más detalle = discuss + in greater detail.* tratar con precaución = approach + with caution.* tratar con prudencia = treat with + caution, view with + caution.* tratar con respeto = treat with + respect.* tratar de = be about, be concerned with, deal with, take up, bear on, deal in.* tratar de abarcar más de lo que se puede = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.* tratar de ganar tiempo = temporise [temporize, -USA], play for + time.* tratar de igual modo = treat as + equal.* tratar de ligar = chat up.* tratar de no llamar la atención = keep + a low profile, lie + low.* tratar de pasar desapercibido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.* tratar de pasar inadvertido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.* tratar detalladamente = cover + in detail.* tratar de un modo sentimental = sentimentalise [sentimentalize, -USA].* tratar de un modo urgente = fast track.* tratar en detalle = treat + at length, discuss + at length.* tratar en profundidad = treat + in detail.* tratar específicamente = target.* tratar información = handle + information.* tratar injustamente = malign.* tratar justamente = treat + fairly.* tratar la cuestión de = get to + the issue of.* tratar la posibilidad de = discuss + the possibility of.* tratar ligeramente = skim + the surface of, touch on/upon.* tratar magníficamente = do + more than justice.* tratar mal = maltreat, manhandle.* tratar muy por encima = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.* tratar por todos los medios de = take + (great) pains to.* tratar por todos los medios de + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.* tratarse de = come down to, be a question of.* tratar severamente = mete out + harsh treatment.* tratar síntomas = treat + symptoms.* tratar superficialmente = gloss over, scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.* tratar una cuestión = address + constraint, address + issue, address + question, consider + issue, tackle + issue, address + concern, deal with + issue, broach + issue, broach + question, grapple with + issue.* tratar una cuestión ligeramente = touch on/upon + issue.* tratar un asunto = deal with + issue.* tratar un problema = address + problem, deal with + problem, handle + problem, tackle + problem, address + limitation, grapple with + problem, treat + problem, address + concern.* tratar un problema de pasada = touch on/upon + problem.* tratar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, address + theme, address + topic.* tratar un tema conocido = tread + familiar ground.* tratar un tema en detalle = go into + detail.* volver a tratar = revisit.* * *1.verbo intransitivo1) ( intentar) to trytratar de + inf — to try to + inf
tratar de que + subj: trata de que queden a la misma altura try to get them level; trataré de que no vuelva a suceder — I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again
2) obra/libro/película¿de qué trata el libro? — what's the book about?
3) (tener contacto, relaciones)4) (Com)2.tratar vt1)a) <persona/animal/instrumento> (+ compl) to treatb) ( llamar)tratar a alguien de usted/tú — to address somebody using the polite usted or the more familiar tú form
2) ( frecuentar)3) <tema/asunto> to deal with4)a) <paciente/enfermedad> to treatb) <sustancia/metal> to treat3.tratarse v pron1)a)tratarse con alguien — ( ser amigo de) to be friendly with somebody; ( alternar) to socialize o mix with somebody
b) (recípr)2) (+ compl)a) (recípr)se tratan de usted/tú — they address each other as `usted'/`tu'
se tratan sin ningún respeto — they have o show no respect for each other
b) (refl) ( cuidarse)tratarse bien/mal — to look after oneself well/not to look after oneself
3) (Med) to have o undergo treatment4) tratarse de (en 3a pers)a) ( ser acerca de) to be about¿de qué se trata? — what's it about?
b) ( ser cuestión de)se trata de arreglar la situación, no de discutir — we're supposed to be settling things, not arguing
si sólo se trata de eso... — if that's all it is...
* * *tratar (con)(v.) = negotiate (with)Ex: Their purposes was to settle the disputes between the members, to negotiate with master, to accumulate and disburse a benevolent fund, and to exact contributions for drinks and parties.
= address, approach, consider (as), cover, discuss, focus on/upon, get to, go into, handle, manipulate, tackle, treat, turn to, broach, give + treatment, play with, speak to, treat, pick up on, meet.Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio met.Ex: The inclusion of vendors and publishers allows everyone to address sticky business relationships head-on.
Ex: The searcher may be the end user, but the end user is approaching the search in some ignorance of his real requirements, or of the literature that might be available to meet those requirements.Ex: A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.Ex: The schedules are divided into two parts, one covering music scores and parts and the other concerned with music literature.Ex: This review also illustrates some of the issues which cataloguers have discussed over the years, and demonstrates other solutions to standards in cataloguing than those embodied in modern cataloguing codes.Ex: In a text such as this which focuses primarily upon controlled indexing languages and systems it is difficult to place natural language indexing in a appropriate context.Ex: 'I'll get to that, I promise! but right now I have a budget to work on!'.Ex: Although the description given here is quite lengthy, many points are glossed over, and the Manual goes into these and a number of others at length.Ex: An author's name is usually shorter than a title, and thus is arguably easier to handle and remember.Ex: Different stores offer access to distinct types of information or data and permit the information to be manipulated to varying extents.Ex: Chapter 2 tackles books, pamphlets and printed sheets, and chapter 3 is dedicated to cartographic materials.Ex: In troubleshooting, it is important to treat the cause as well as the symptom of the problem = En la solución de problemas, es importante tratar tanto la causa como el síntoma del problema.Ex: We shall turn to this distinction very shortly.Ex: Some of the consequences of this conclusion are broached in this article.Ex: In this five-day workshop we will play with the design and building of non-traditional interface solutions.Ex: Numerous articles in the library literature speak to this phenomenon but most deal with the experience of larger libraries.Ex: The author studies the factors which have impeded the spread of information on the use of thioctic acid to treat mushroom poisoning.Ex: The report picks up on this as a surprising finding, suggesting implicitly that open access journals are lagging behind in this regard.Ex: There may be a threat of over-capacity; if so, this could be met by diversification, an enlargement of the SLIS role.* aguas residuales sin tratar = raw sewage, raw waste water.* atreverse a tratar = dare to + tread.* como si (se tratase de) = as if.* continuar tratando = pursue + Nombre + further.* cuando se trata de + Infinitivo = when it comes to + Gerundio.* de qué se trata = what it's all about.* difícil de tratar = unruly.* empezar a tratar = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.* manera de tratar = avenue of approach.* no atraverse a tratar = fear to + tread.* ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.* que trata de = surrounding.* seguir tratando = discuss + further.* sin tratar = untreated.* temer tratar = fear to + tread.* tratar Algo = get down to + Nombre, be under consideration.* tratar algo en detalle = go into + Algo + at length.* tratar Algo en profundidad = go into + Algo + at length.* tratar Algo imparcialmente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.* tratar Algo justamente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.* tratar Algo sin parcialismo = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.* tratar Algo sin rodeos = address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on.* tratar Algo supercialmente = dabble in.* tratar como un objeto = objectify.* tratar como un personaje = lionise [lionize, -USA].* tratar (con) = negotiate (with).* tratar con bondad = kill + Nombre + with kindness, smother + Nombre + with kindness.* tratar con cloro = chlorinate.* tratar con condescendencia = patronise [patronize, -USA], condescend.* tratar con más detalle = discuss + in greater detail.* tratar con precaución = approach + with caution.* tratar con prudencia = treat with + caution, view with + caution.* tratar con respeto = treat with + respect.* tratar de = be about, be concerned with, deal with, take up, bear on, deal in.* tratar de abarcar más de lo que se puede = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.* tratar de ganar tiempo = temporise [temporize, -USA], play for + time.* tratar de igual modo = treat as + equal.* tratar de ligar = chat up.* tratar de no llamar la atención = keep + a low profile, lie + low.* tratar de pasar desapercibido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.* tratar de pasar inadvertido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.* tratar detalladamente = cover + in detail.* tratar de un modo sentimental = sentimentalise [sentimentalize, -USA].* tratar de un modo urgente = fast track.* tratar en detalle = treat + at length, discuss + at length.* tratar en profundidad = treat + in detail.* tratar específicamente = target.* tratar información = handle + information.* tratar injustamente = malign.* tratar justamente = treat + fairly.* tratar la cuestión de = get to + the issue of.* tratar la posibilidad de = discuss + the possibility of.* tratar ligeramente = skim + the surface of, touch on/upon.* tratar magníficamente = do + more than justice.* tratar mal = maltreat, manhandle.* tratar muy por encima = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.* tratar por todos los medios de = take + (great) pains to.* tratar por todos los medios de + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.* tratarse de = come down to, be a question of.* tratar severamente = mete out + harsh treatment.* tratar síntomas = treat + symptoms.* tratar superficialmente = gloss over, scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.* tratar una cuestión = address + constraint, address + issue, address + question, consider + issue, tackle + issue, address + concern, deal with + issue, broach + issue, broach + question, grapple with + issue.* tratar una cuestión ligeramente = touch on/upon + issue.* tratar un asunto = deal with + issue.* tratar un problema = address + problem, deal with + problem, handle + problem, tackle + problem, address + limitation, grapple with + problem, treat + problem, address + concern.* tratar un problema de pasada = touch on/upon + problem.* tratar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, address + theme, address + topic.* tratar un tema conocido = tread + familiar ground.* tratar un tema en detalle = go into + detail.* volver a tratar = revisit.* * *tratar [A1 ]viA (intentar) to try tratar DE + INF to try to + INFtrate de comprender try to o ( colloq) try and understandtraten de no llegar tarde try not to be latetratar DE QUE + SUBJ:trata de que queden a la misma altura try to o ( colloq) try and get them leveltrataré de que no vuelva a suceder I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen againB«obra/libro/película»: tratar DEor SOBRE algo: ¿de qué trata el libro? what's the book about?la conferencia tratará sobre medicina alternativa the lecture will deal with o will be on the subject of alternative medicine, the theme of the lecture will be alternative medicineC (tener contacto, relaciones) tratar CON algn to deal WITH sben mi trabajo trato con gente de todo tipo in my job I deal with o come into contact with all kinds of peopletratar con él no es nada fácil he's not at all easy to get on withprefiero tratar directamente con el fabricante I prefer to deal directly with the manufacturerD ( Com) tratar EN algo to deal IN sthtratar en joyas/antigüedades to deal in jewels/antiqueslos mercaderes que trataban en esclavos/pieles the merchants who dealt o traded in slaves/furs■ tratarvtA1 ‹persona/animal/instrumento› (+ compl) to treatme tratan muy bien/como si fuera de la familia they treat me very well/as if I were one of the familytrata la guitarra con más cuidado be more careful with the guitar2 (llamar) tratar a algn DE algo to call sb sth¿me estás tratando de mentiroso? are you calling me a liar?a mi suegro nunca lo he tratado de usted I've never called my father-in-law `usted'B ‹persona›(frecuentar): lo trataba cuando era joven I saw quite a lot of him when I was youngnunca lo he tratado I have never had any contact with him o any dealings with himC ‹tema/asunto›vamos a tratar primero los puntos de mayor urgencia let's deal with o discuss the more pressing issues firstno sé cómo tratar esta cuestión I don't know how to deal with o handle this matterel libro trata la Revolución Francesa desde una óptica inusual the book looks at the French Revolution from an unusual angleesto no se puede tratar delante de los niños we can't discuss this in front of the childrenD1 ‹paciente/enfermedad› to treat2 ‹sustancia/metal/madera› to treatcultivos tratados con insectidas crops treated with insecticides■ tratarseA (relacionarse, tener contacto)1 tratarse CON algn:no me gusta la gente con la que se trata I don't like the people he mixes withse trata con gente de la alta sociedad she socializes o mixes with people from high society, she moves in high circles¿tú te tratas con los Rucabado? are you friendly with the Rucabados?2 ( recípr):somos parientes pero no nos tratamos we're related but we never see each other o we never have anything to do with each otherB (+ compl)1 ( recípr):se tratan de usted/tú they address each other as `usted'/`tú'se tratan sin ningún respeto they have o show no respect for each other2 ( refl) to treat oneself¡qué mal te tratas, eh! ( iró); you don't treat yourself badly, do you?, you know how to look after yourself, don't you?C ( Med) (seguir un tratamiento) to have o undergo treatment1 (ser acerca de) to be about¿de qué se trata? what's it about?, what does it concern? ( frml)se trata de Roy it's about Roy2(ser cuestión de): se trata de arreglar la situación, no de discutir we're supposed to be settling things, not arguingsi sólo se trata de eso, hazlo pasar ahora if that's all it is o if that's all he wants, show him in nowbueno, si se trata de echarle un vistazo nada más … OK, if it's just a question of having a quick look at it …3(ser): se trata de la estrella del equipo we're talking about o he is the star of the teamtratándose de usted, no creo que haya inconvenientes since it's for you o in your case I don't think there will be any problems* * *
tratar ( conjugate tratar) verbo intransitivo
1 ( intentar) to try;
trataré de que no vuelva a suceder I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again
2 [obra/libro/película] tratar de algo to be about sth;
tratar sobre algo to deal with sth;
3 (tener contacto, relaciones) tratar con algn to deal with sb;
verbo transitivo
1 ‹persona/animal/instrumento› to treat;
2 ( frecuentar):
3 ‹tema/asunto› to discuss, to deal with
4a) (Med) to treat
tratarse verbo pronominal
1 tratarse con algn ( ser amigo de) to be friendly with sb;
( alternar) to socialize o mix with sb;
2 (+ compl) ( recípr):
3 (Med) to have o undergo treatment
4◊ tratarse de (en 3a pers)
◊ ¿de qué se trata? what's it about?
◊ se trata de participar, no de ganar it's a question of taking part, not of winning;
solo porque se trata de ti just because it's you
tratar
I verbo transitivo
1 (portarse) to treat
2 (cuidar) to look after, care: trátame el libro bien, look after my book
3 (dirigirse a una persona) address: nos tratamos de tú, we call each other "tú" o we're on first name terms
4 (considerar, llamar) me trató de tonto, he called me stupid
5 (someter a un proceso) to treat
6 (someter a tratamiento médico) to treat: le tienen que tratar la artritis, they have to treat his arthritis
7 (tener relación social) la he tratado muy poco, I don't know her very well
8 (considerar, discutir) to deal with: no hemos tratado la cuestión, we haven't discussed that subject
II verbo intransitivo 1 tratar de, (un libro, una película) to be about: ¿de qué trata?, what is it about?
2 (intentar) to try [de, to]
3 Com tratar en, to trade in o with 4 tratar con, (negociar) to negotiate with
' tratar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
censurar
- defraudar
- delicada
- delicado
- drogodependencia
- ir
- girar
- hablar
- mimar
- negociar
- tú
- confianza
- curar
- debido
- huir
- manera
- miramiento
- piel
- punto
- tocar
- trato
- usted
English:
about
- address
- associate
- bid
- clutch
- deal with
- discuss
- form
- grapple
- ground
- handle
- light
- lionise
- mistreat
- muck about
- muck around
- patronize
- peer
- push through
- rubberize
- specific
- squarely
- tactfully
- tout
- treat
- try
- try on
- victimize
- attempt
- bite
- contact
- could
- cover
- deal
- favor
- grasp
- process
- profile
- raw
- seek
- snub
- tackle
- take
- thrash
- untreated
- way
* * *♦ vt1. [portarse con, manejar] to treat;¿qué tal te trataron? how were you treated?;no la trates tan mal don't be so nasty to her;la vida no la ha tratado bien life has not been kind to her;te dejo los discos, pero trátamelos bien I'll let you borrow the records, but look after them o be careful with them for me2. [paciente, enfermedad, herida] to treat;la están tratando de cáncer, le están tratando un cáncer she's being treated for cancer;el médico que la trata the doctor who is treating her3. [tener relación con] to have dealings o contact with;era compañera de clase pero la traté muy poco she was in my class, but I didn't have much to do with her4. [llamar, dirigirse a]tratar a alguien de usted/tú = to address sb using the “usted” form/the “tú” form;no hace falta que me trates de señor there's no need to call me “sir”;tratar a alguien de tonto to call sb an idiot5. [tema, asunto] to treat;el tema que trata la obra the subject of the book;hay que tratar ese asunto con cuidado this matter needs to be dealt with carefully;eso lo tienes que tratar con el jefe that's something you'll have to discuss with the boss6. [agua, sustancia, tejido, alimento] to treat♦ vitrata de comprenderlo, por favor please try to understand;trataré de no equivocarme I'll try not to get it wrong;sólo trataba de que estuvieras más cómodo I was only trying to make you more comfortable¿de qué trata el documental? what's the documentary about o on?;la ponencia trata sobre contaminación acústica the paper is about o on noise pollutionen mi trabajo tengo que tratar con todo tipo de gente I have to deal with all sorts of people in my job;trata con gente muy rara she mixes with some very strange people;RPtratar a alguien con pinzas to handle sb with kid gloves* * *I v/t1 treat2 ( manejar) handletratar a alguien de tú address s.o. informally, use the tú form with s.o.;tratar a alguien de usted address s.o. formally, use the usted form with s.o.4 gente come into contact with5 tema deal withII v/i:1:tratar con alguien deal with s.o.2:3 COM:tratar en deal in* * *tratar vi1)tratar con : to deal with, to have contact withno trato mucho con los clientes: I don't have much contact with customers2)tratar de : to try toestoy tratando de comer: I am trying to eat3)tratar de ortratar sobre : to be about, to concernel libro trata de las plantas: the book is about plants4)tratar en : to deal intrata en herramientas: he deals in toolstratar vt1) : to treattratan bien a sus empleados: they treat their employees well2) : to handletrató el tema con delicadeza: he handled the subject tactfully* * *tratar vb1. (en general) to treat3. (hablar) to discuss4. (referirse) to be about -
80 área
f.1 area, surface, surface area.2 domain, area, field, realm.3 place, locality, region, area.4 area, room, space.* * *(Takes el in sing)1 (zona) area, zone2 (medida) are3 (superficie) area\área de castigo DEPORTE penalty areaárea de gol DEPORTE goal areaárea de servicio (en autopista) service area* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=zona, superficie) areaárea de castigo — (Dep) penalty area
área de descanso — (Aut) rest area
área de gol, área de meta — goal area
área de penalty — (Dep) penalty area
área de servicio — (Aut) service area
2) (Inform)3) (=campo)4) (=medida) area ( 100 square metres)5)área metropolitana — metropolitan area, urban district
área verde — Caribe green area, park area
* * *femenino‡ area* * *= area, area, field, front, sphere, domain, zone, bit, radius, area, programme area, service area.Ex. The area in which standards for bibliographic description have had the most impact is in catalogues and catalogue record data bases.Ex. An area is a major section of the entry, comprising data of a particular category or serving a particular function.Ex. An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.Ex. Present auguries on the resource front are not good.Ex. I am not convinced that people become connoisseurs -- experts: educated and discriminating people in any sphere -- from limited knowledge and experience, no matter how rich in quality.Ex. The CRONOS data bank includes a FISH domain, with data on catches and fleet statistics, and the COMEXT data bank covers the external trade statistics of fisheries.Ex. But now the traditional industrial zone is declining and a new 'technopolis' is proposed for the area.Ex. The assistant in charge of a section will see that their bit is kept tidy and will keep an eye open for thieves.Ex. The fact that the library can only attract people within a relatively small radius means that it has no alternative but to serve whoever lives -- or works -- in that radius.Ex. Libraries usually arrange separate areas where current periodicals, maps, government publications, early printed books and manuscripts are housed.Ex. Now that financial stringencies were the order of the day, libraries had to compete with the more pressing needs of other programme areas, like education, social services, and housing, for dwindling resources.Ex. The study examined the relative use of different service areas of the library = El estudio analizó al uso relativo de las diferentes zonas de la biblioteca.----* análisis de áreas del conocimiento = domain analysis.* área chica, el = six-yard box, the.* área clave = key area.* área de acción = remit.* área de actuación = area for action, area of policy, policy area.* área de aplicación comercial = niche.* área de aterrizaje = landing site, landing area.* área de comunicación = communications area.* área de conocimiento = area of study.* área de conservación del patrimonio = heritage field.* área de datos específicos de la clase de documento = material (or type of publication) specific details area.* área de datos matemáticos = mathematical data area.* área de descanso = rest area, rest stop, lay-by.* área de descripción = area of description.* área de descripción física = physical description area.* área de edición = edition area.* área de ejemplar = copy area.* área de encabezamiento = header area.* área de especialización = niche, area of competence.* área de estudio = study area, study area.* área de formación = teaching unit.* área de influencia = remit.* área de información = communications area.* área de interés = field of interest.* área de la biblioteconomía = library field.* área del conocimiento = area of knowledge, discipline, subject field, field of activity, knowledge domain, discipline of knowledge.* área de lectura = reading floor.* área del número normalizado y de las condiciones de adquisición = International Standard Book Number and terms of availability area, standard number and terms of availability area.* área de notas = note area.* área de numeración de la ficha = card counter area.* área de préstamo = checkout area.* área de publicación = publication, distribution etc. area.* area de publicación o distribución = imprint.* área de serie = series area, series statement area.* área de signatura topográfica = shelf list area.* área de título y de mención de responsabilidad = title and statement of responsibility area.* área en desarrollo = growth area.* área específica = niche.* área flotante del programa = transient program area (TPA).* área geográfica = geographical area.* área marginada = deprived area.* area menos favorecida = less favoured area.* área metropolitana = metropolitan area, metro area.* área metropolitana de Londres, el = Greater London.* área rural = rural region.* área temática = subject area, subject field, topic area.* area temática específica = narrow subject area.* área urbana = urban area.* área útil = floor area, floor space.* bibliógrafo especializado en un área temática = area bibliographer.* conocimiento de un área temática = area knowledge.* empleado de línea aérea = airline official.* en el área de + Lugar = Lugar + area.* en las áreas de = in the areas of.* especializado en un área temática = domain-specific.* examen de área = area scanning.* particular a un área = localised [localized, -USA].* trabajador en el área de cultura = cultural worker.* WAN (red de área amplia) = WAN (wide area network).* * *femenino‡ area* * *= area, area, field, front, sphere, domain, zone, bit, radius, area, programme area, service area.Ex: The area in which standards for bibliographic description have had the most impact is in catalogues and catalogue record data bases.
Ex: An area is a major section of the entry, comprising data of a particular category or serving a particular function.Ex: An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.Ex: Present auguries on the resource front are not good.Ex: I am not convinced that people become connoisseurs -- experts: educated and discriminating people in any sphere -- from limited knowledge and experience, no matter how rich in quality.Ex: The CRONOS data bank includes a FISH domain, with data on catches and fleet statistics, and the COMEXT data bank covers the external trade statistics of fisheries.Ex: But now the traditional industrial zone is declining and a new 'technopolis' is proposed for the area.Ex: The assistant in charge of a section will see that their bit is kept tidy and will keep an eye open for thieves.Ex: The fact that the library can only attract people within a relatively small radius means that it has no alternative but to serve whoever lives -- or works -- in that radius.Ex: Libraries usually arrange separate areas where current periodicals, maps, government publications, early printed books and manuscripts are housed.Ex: Now that financial stringencies were the order of the day, libraries had to compete with the more pressing needs of other programme areas, like education, social services, and housing, for dwindling resources.Ex: The study examined the relative use of different service areas of the library = El estudio analizó al uso relativo de las diferentes zonas de la biblioteca.* análisis de áreas del conocimiento = domain analysis.* área chica, el = six-yard box, the.* área clave = key area.* área de acción = remit.* área de actuación = area for action, area of policy, policy area.* área de aplicación comercial = niche.* área de aterrizaje = landing site, landing area.* área de comunicación = communications area.* área de conocimiento = area of study.* área de conservación del patrimonio = heritage field.* área de datos específicos de la clase de documento = material (or type of publication) specific details area.* área de datos matemáticos = mathematical data area.* área de descanso = rest area, rest stop, lay-by.* área de descripción = area of description.* área de descripción física = physical description area.* área de edición = edition area.* área de ejemplar = copy area.* área de encabezamiento = header area.* área de especialización = niche, area of competence.* área de estudio = study area, study area.* área de formación = teaching unit.* área de influencia = remit.* área de información = communications area.* área de interés = field of interest.* área de la biblioteconomía = library field.* área del conocimiento = area of knowledge, discipline, subject field, field of activity, knowledge domain, discipline of knowledge.* área de lectura = reading floor.* área del número normalizado y de las condiciones de adquisición = International Standard Book Number and terms of availability area, standard number and terms of availability area.* área de notas = note area.* área de numeración de la ficha = card counter area.* área de préstamo = checkout area.* área de publicación = publication, distribution etc. area.* area de publicación o distribución = imprint.* área de serie = series area, series statement area.* área de signatura topográfica = shelf list area.* área de título y de mención de responsabilidad = title and statement of responsibility area.* área en desarrollo = growth area.* área específica = niche.* área flotante del programa = transient program area (TPA).* área geográfica = geographical area.* área marginada = deprived area.* area menos favorecida = less favoured area.* área metropolitana = metropolitan area, metro area.* área metropolitana de Londres, el = Greater London.* área rural = rural region.* área temática = subject area, subject field, topic area.* area temática específica = narrow subject area.* área urbana = urban area.* área útil = floor area, floor space.* bibliógrafo especializado en un área temática = area bibliographer.* conocimiento de un área temática = area knowledge.* empleado de línea aérea = airline official.* en el área de + Lugar = Lugar + area.* en las áreas de = in the areas of.* especializado en un área temática = domain-specific.* examen de área = area scanning.* particular a un área = localised [localized, -USA].* trabajador en el área de cultura = cultural worker.* WAN (red de área amplia) = WAN (wide area network).* * *f‡A1 ( Mat) areaB1 (zona) arealas áreas más afectadas por las inundaciones the areas worst affected by the flooding2 (campo, ámbito) areaun área de las ciencias donde ha habido poca investigación an area of science where little research has been carried out3 ( Dep) tbárea de castigo or penalty penalty areaCompuestos:goal areaservice area, services (pl)penalty areametropolitan area, citygoal areaSingle Euro Payments Area* * *
área feminine noun taking masculine article in the singular
area;
área chica or pequeña goal area;
área de servicio service area, services (pl)
área sustantivo femenino
1 (espacio delimitado) area
área de servicio, service area
2 (medida de superficie) hundred square metres
3 (deportes) la falta se produjo dentro del área, the foul was committed inside the penalty area
' área' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alrededor
- anticiclón
- antinuclear
- arrabal
- arrasar
- barriada
- barrio
- borrasca
- cabaña
- capítulo
- castigo
- circunscribirse
- comisionada
- comisionado
- concurrida
- concurrido
- construcción
- cuenca
- deprimida
- deprimido
- desarrollo
- expandir
- expolio
- extensión
- franca
- franco
- francófona
- francófono
- huerta
- inmediaciones
- interfluvio
- latitud
- milimétrica
- milimétrico
- órbita
- parcela
- poblada
- poblado
- polígono
- prefijo
- propia
- propio
- radio
- rellano
- sector
- superficie
- tendedero
- trascender
- triangular
- vasta
English:
area
- area code
- belt
- danger area
- demonstrate
- disaster area
- enter
- extent
- grey area
- industrial area
- lay-by
- mark out
- metropolitan
- penalty area
- penalty box
- province
- restricted
- service area
- unemployment
- well-known
- bay
- brief
- built
- canvass
- catchment area
- center
- central
- comb
- constituency
- country
- cover
- depot
- depressed
- develop
- development
- diverse
- division
- enclose
- enlarge
- extensive
- field
- fringe
- incoming
- living
- moor
- narrow
- neighborhood
- nice
- out
- over
* * *1. [zona] areaárea de descanso [en carretera] Br lay-by, US rest area; Econ área (del) euro Euro zone; Econ área de libre comercio free trade area;área metropolitana metropolitan area;área protegida protected area;área de servicio [en carretera] service area2. [ámbito] area;la investigación en áreas como la inteligencia artificial research in areas such as artificial intelligence;una carrera del área de Ciencias a university course in a science subject;el responsable del área económica del partido the person in charge of the party's economic policy3. [medida] are, = 100 square metresárea grande eighteen-yard box, penalty area;área pequeña six-yard box* * *f area;área de influencia area of influence* * *área nf: area* * *área n1. (en general) area2. (en fútbol) penalty area
См. также в других словарях:
Experience design — (XD) is the practice of designing products, processes, services, events, and environments with a focus placed on the quality of the user experience and culturally relevant solutions, with less emphasis placed on increasing and improving… … Wikipedia
Experience modifier — or experience modification is a term used in the American insurance business and more specifically in workers compensation insurance. It is the adjustment of manual premium based on previous loss experience. Usually three years of loss experience … Wikipedia
Experience (disambiguation) — Experience may refer to:* Experience, or development in a skill * Subjective experience, or perception * The Jimi Hendrix Experience (sometimes known as The Experience ), a rock band (1966 69), led by guitarist Jimi Hendrix * Experience (album),… … Wikipedia
experience — vb Experience, undergo, sustain, suffer are comparable when they mean to pass through the process of actually coming to know or to feel. Experience means little more than this. It implies that something (as a sensation, an emotion, or an… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
Experience point — Level up redirects here. For the BBC television program, see Level Up. An experience point (often abbreviated to Exp or XP) is a unit of measurement used in many role playing games (RPGs) and role playing video games to quantify a player… … Wikipedia
Experience — For other uses, see Experience (disambiguation). Experience as a general concept comprises knowledge of or skill in or observation of some thing or some event gained through involvement in or exposure to that thing or event.[1] The history of the … Wikipedia
experience — Along with consciousness, experience is the central focus of the philosophy of mind. Experience is easily thought of as a stream of private events, known only to their possessor, and bearing at best problematic relationships to any other events,… … Philosophy dictionary
Experience the Divine — Infobox Album Name = Experience the Divine: Greatest Hits Type = Compilation album Artist = Bette Midler Caption = US edition Released = June 22, 1993 1996 (Re release) Recorded = Genre = Vocal Length = 50:35 66:27 (Re release) Label = Atlantic… … Wikipedia
Known — Know Know (n[=o]), v. t. [imp. {Knew} (n[=u]); p. p. {Known} (n[=o]n); p. pr. & vb. n. {Knowing}.] [OE. knowen, knawen, AS. cn[ a]wan; akin to OHG. chn[ a]an (in comp.), Icel. kn[ a] to be able, Russ. znate to know, L. gnoscere, noscere, Gr.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Out-of-body experience — Artist s depiction of the separation stage of an out of body experience, which often precedes free movement. An out of body experience (OBE or sometimes OOBE) is an experience that typically involves a sensation of floating outside of one s body… … Wikipedia
Religious experience — For the Wayne Proudfoot book, see Religious Experience (book). Religious experience (sometimes known as a spiritual experience, sacred experience, or mystical experience) is a subjective experience in which an individual reports contact with a… … Wikipedia