-
61 a'
I.II.an, a'the, Irish an, Old Irish in (mas. and fem.), a n- (neut.); a t- appears before vowels in the nom. masc. ( an t-athair), and it is part of the article stem; a Celtic sendo-s (m.), sendâ (f.), san (n.). Sendo-s is composed of two pronominal roots, dividing into sen-do-; sen, judging by the neuter san, is a fixed neuter nom. or acc. from the Celtic root se (Indo-European sjo, beside so-, allied to Anglo-Saxon se, the, seó, now she. The - do- of sendo-s has been referred by Thurneysen and Brugmann to the pron. root to-( English tha-t, Greek $$Gtó); it is suggested that to- may have degenerated into do- before it was stuck to the fixed form sen. Sen-to- could not, on any principle otherwise, whether of accentuation or what not, produce the historical forms. It is best to revert to the older etymology, and refer do- to the pronominal root appearing in the Latin fixed cases (enclitic) - dam, - dem, (qui- dam, i-dem, etc.), the Greek $$G dé, $$G-de (as in $$Go$$`/-de, this), Church Slavonic da, he. The difference, then, between Greek $$Go$$`/-de and Gaelic sen-do-s is this: the Greek inflects the first element ( $$Go$$`= so) and keeps the $$G de fixed, whereas Gaelic reverses the matter by fixing the sen and inflecting the do-; otherwise the roots are the same ultimatley, and used for almost similar purposes. -
62 beann
top, horn, peak, Irish beann, Old Irish benn, pinna, Welsh ban, height, peak, Middle Breton ban, also benny, horn, pipe (music), Gaulish canto-bennicus mons, "white peak" mount; proto-Gaelic bennâ; root $$gen-, $$gn-, as in English knoll, Scottish knowe. In Scotch Gaelic, the oblique form beinn has usurped the place of beann, save in the gen.pl. -
63 bodach
an old man, a carle, Irish bodach, a rustic, carle; *bodd-aco-, "pe$$-nitus", from bod, mentula, Middle Gaelic bod (Dean of Lismore passim), Middle Irish bod, bot, *boddo-, *bozdo-; Greek $$G pósqc, mentula. Stokes suggests the alternative form butto-s, Greek $$G búttos, vulva, but the Gaelic d is against this. He also suggests that bodach is formed on the Old French botte, a clod. -
64 bris
break, so Irish, Old Irish brissim, *brestô, I break, root bres, bhres; Old High German brestan, Anglo-Saxon berstan, English burst, French briser, break. Distantly allied to *berso-s, short, Gaelic beàrr. Brugmann has compared the Gaelic to Greek $$G pérqw, destroy, from bherdho-, giving a Celtic stem br$$.d-to-, and br$$.d-co- for brisg. -
65 co
-
66 crìlein
a small creel ( M`E.), a box, small coffer ( H.S.D.), crilein ( Arms., M`L.), a box, Irish crilín, Early Irish criol, coffer, *krêpolo. criol (Arran, Perth). Stokes gives the stem as krêpo-, and Bez. adds Sanskrit çu$$-/rpa, winnowing basket (Cf. for phonetics lìon, and Sanskrit pûrna, full). Scottish, English creel, which appears about 1400, is usually derived hence; but as the Gaelic form itself is doubtful, and, from all appearance, taken from Lh., it is best to look elsewhere for an etymology for creel, as, through French, from Latin craticula. The Gaelic criol exists only in Sh., who found it in Lh. See croidhleag. -
67 feàrr
better, Irish feárr, Old Irish ferr, *vers, *ver(i)s, a comparative in -is from the prep. ver (= Gaelic far, for, super); now comparative for math, but evidently once for fern, good, *verno-s, Latin supernus (cf. - no- of magnus disappearing in major, and - ro- of Celtic mâros in Gaelic mò). Stokes refers ferr to vers, raise, *uersos-, height, top; Latin verruca, steep place, Lithuanian wirzùs, top, Sanskrit varshman-, height, várshîyas, higher. Cf. Welsh goreu, best (= Latin supremus). -
68 tàl
adze, Irish, Old Irish tál: *to-aglo- (rather t-aglo-?), Gothic aqisi, axe, English axe (Strachan). Stokes gives a pre-Gaelic *tâkslo, root tek, Church Slavonic tesla, axe, Latin gelum (= tex-lum), weapon, Greek $$G téktwn, carpenter; but tek does not appear to have a side form tâk, and tâkslo- would produce táll ( tôkslo, Foy). But cf. Latin pâla, spade, for root, and for phonetics Gaelic torc and Latin porcus. -
69 tubaist
mischance, Middle Gaelic tubbiste (Dean of Lismore), Arran Gaelic tiompaiste, Irish tubaiste: <!-- -KPD: also Irish timpiste. --> -
70 lan
a blade, sword, Irish lann, also "a scale, scale of a fish, disc" (Arg., M`A.): *lag-s-na? Root lag, as in Early Irish laigen, lance, Welsh llain, blade, Latin lanceo, Greek $$G lóghc, lance-point. Thurneysen (Zeit. 28) suggests *plad-s-na, "broad thing"; Greek $$G plaqánc, German fladen, flat cake, further Gaelic leathann, broad, etc. Old Irish lann, squama, is referred by Stokes to *lamna, allied to Latin lamina, lamna; which would produce rather Old Irish *lamn, Modern lamhan. Irish lann, gridiron, is doubtless allied to Old Irish lann. -
71 an-
I.negative prefix, Irish an-, Old Irish, an-, in-; Welsh, Cornish, Breton an-; Celtic an, Indo-European n$$.-, Latin in-, Greek $$Ga$$'-, $$Ga$$'n-, English un-, Sanskrit a-, an-, etc. It appears before labials and liquids (save n) as am-, aspirated to amh-; with consequent "small" vowels, it becomes ain-, aim-, aimh-. Before g, it becomes ion-, as in iongantas. Before c, t, s, the an- becomes eu- and the t and c become medials (as in beud, breug, feusag). See also ana-.II.ana-, an-, ain- -
72 ball
I IIa spot, Irish, Middle Irish ball, white-spotted on forehead (of a horse), Breton bal (do.). The Gaelic suggests a stem bal-no-, Celtic root bal, white, Greek $$G falós, shining, fálaros (phala$$-ros), white-spotted (of animals); Indo-European bhe$$-l: bhale, shine; whence English bale-fire. Stokes says the Irish ball seems allied to the Romance balla, a ball, English bale and ball(?). Hence ballach, spotted. Welsh bal, spotted on forehead.IIIa ball; from English -
73 beatha
life, so Irish Old Irish bethu, g. bethad, Celtic stem bitât-, divided into bi-tât; See bith (i.e. bi-tu-) for root. It is usual for philologists to represent the stem of beatha as bivotât, that is bi-vo-tât-, the bi-vo- part being the same as the stem bivo of beò. While the root bi is common to both beatha and beò, the former does not contain - vo-; it is the Old Irish nom. beothu (*bi-tûs) that has set philologists wrong. Hence Gaelic and Irish beathach, animal. Irish beathadhach, dial. of beathach. -
74 buidhe
I IInow buidheachas, thanks, Irish buidhe, Old Irish buide (Welsh boddaw, please, bodd, will?), *budo-, Indo-European bhudh, bheudh; Greek $$G peúqomai, learn by inquiry; Anglo-Saxon béodan, command, English for- bid.IIIglad to, had to, Old Irish buithi, participle of necessity, from the verb bí, be: "Is amlid is buithi do chách" - Thus ought it to be with every one (9th Cent. glosses); Gaelic "Is buidhe do gach neach". -
75 cluthaich
Icover, clothe, Irish cluthmhar, sheltered, warm. Cf. Early Irish clithaigim, I shelter, clith, clothing, Welsh clyd, sheltering; root qel of ceil, q.v. Irish clúdaim, I clothe, cover, from English clothe, has possibly influenced the vowel both in Gaelic and IrishIIchase, Irish cluthaighim: *kluto-, *klu; See claoidh? -
76 còrr
excess, overplus, Irish corr; Gaelic corr, odd, Irish cor, corr, odd; also Irish corr, snout, corner, point, Early Irish corr, rostrum, corner. The Early Irish corr, rostrum, has been referred by Zimmer and Thurneysen to corr, crane - the name of "beaked" bird doing duty for "beak". The modern meanings of "excess, odd" (cf. odd of English, which really means "point, end") makes the comparison doubtful. Refer it rather to kors-, stick out, point, head; Greek $$G kórsc, head; stem keras-; Latin crista, English crest; further is Greek $$G kéras, horn, Latin cerebrum, Norse hjarsi, crown of the head; and also còrn, horn, q.v. Hence corran, headland. -
77 dara
second, so Irish; Middle Gaelic darle (Oss. Ballad, Fernaig MS), *ind-araile, "the other", from ind = an, the, and Old Irish araile, alius = ar+ aile, air+ eile, q.v., alalijos, Breton arall. Also an dala, the one of two, Old Irish, indala, from ind and aile, that is an and eile. Further, dàrna (= dala), Early Irish indarna, *ind-araile n-ai, the one of them (two), Old Irish indala n-ai, where ái, eorum, is the pl. of a, his. -
78 labhair
speak, Irish labhraim, Early Irish labraim, Old Irish labrur, labrathar, loquitur, Welsh llafar, vocalis, lleferydd, voice, Cornish lauar, sermo, Breton lavar, Gaulish river Labarus: *labro-, speak; Greek $$G lábros, furious, $$G lábreúomai, talk rashly. Bez. prefers the root of English flap. Others have compared Latin labrum, lip, which may be allied to bothe Celtic and Greek ( $$G labreúomai). Hence Gaelic and Irish labhar, loud, Old Irish labar, eloquens, Welsh llafar, loud, Greek $$G lábros. -
79 mur
unless, Irish muna (Donegal Irish mur; Monaghan has amur = acht muna, unless), Middle Irish mun, moni, mona, Early Irish, Old Irish mani; from ma, if, and ni, not: "if not". The Gaelic r for n is possibly due to the influence of gur and of the verbal particl ro- (in robh); mun-robh becoming mur-robh. -
80 ni
Inot, Irish ní, Old Irish ní, ni, Welsh ni: *nei; Old Latin nei, Latin ni-, nê; Old H.German ni, German nein; Old Slavonic ni, neque; Zend naê; Greek $$G nc-. Thurneysen says *ne-est = *nést, Celtic níst, nìs, ni h- non-aspirating.IIa thing, Irish nidh, Old Irish ní, res, probably a curtailed form of Old Irish aní, id quod, from the art.neut. and the pronominal suffix ei, which Zimmer compares to Gothic ei, that (conj.), sa-ei, that-ei, which is either the locative of pronominal o- (Greek $$Gei$$', Indo-European ei-so, this here), or the particle seen in Greek $$Gou$$`tos-í (i long), an instrumental of Latin is, Gaelic e, he. Some have regarded ni as from *gnithe, factum, which See in ní, will do.
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