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61 promptus
[st1]1 [-] promptus, a, um: - [abcl][b]a - part. passé de promo. - [abcl]b - part.-adj.[/b] a - mis au grand jour, visible, manifeste. - aliud clausum in pectore, aliud promptum in lingua habere, Sall. C. 10, 5: avoir une pensée cachée au fond du coeur, une autre sur les lèvres. - cf. Cic. Amer. 118; Fin. 1, 30 ; de Or. 3, 215. - quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset, Cic. Verr. 4, 42: (aucun objet) qui ne fût pour sa cupidité parfaitement découvert et visible. b - qui est sous la main, prêt, apprêté, disponible (en parl. de choses). - fidem suam alicui promptam expositamque praebere, Cic. Caec. 78: mettre sa loyauté à la libre disposition de qqn. - cf. Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 6; prompta audacia, Sall. C. 32, 2: audace toute prête. c - facile, à la portée de tout le monde, commode. - facilis et prompta defensio, Cic. de Or. 1, 237: une défense facile et à la portée de tout le monde. - moenia haudquaquam prompta oppugnanti, Liv. 23, 1, 10: remparts d'escalade difficile pour un assaillant. - promptum est + inf.: il est facile de. - nec mihi dicere promptum, nec facere est isti, Ov. M. 13, 10: il ne m'est pas facile de bien parler, ni à lui de bien agir. - cf. Tac. An. 15, 41; Quint. 9, 1, 22. d - prêt, disposé, dispos, résolu (en parl. de pers.) - promptus homo, Cic. Verr. 4, 37: homme actif. - alacri et prompto ore atque voltu vagari toto foro, Cic. de Or. 1, 184: aller çà et là à travers le forum avec un air, un visage alerte et décidé. - linguā promptus, Liv. 2, 45, 15: résolu en paroles. - promptior linguā quam manu, Sall. J. 44, 1: plus entreprenant en paroles qu'en actions. - promptus animi, Tac. H. 2, 23: résolu de caractère. - promptiores pro patria, Liv. 22, 59, 11: plus dévoués à la patrie. - promptus ad...: prêt à, disposé à, prompt à. - animo prompto ad jocandum, Cic. Q. 2, 13, 1: d'une humeur disposée à la plaisanterie. - ad vim promptus, Cic. Agr. 2, 82: prêt à la violence. - promptiores esse ad nostra pericula, Cic. Off. 1, 83: être plus disposés à écarter les dangers qui nous menacent. - promptus + in et acc. - promptus in pavorem, Tac. An. 15, 25: prompt à s'alarmer. - promptior in spem, Tac. Agr. 35: plus porté à l'espoir. - promptum in adulationes ingenium, Tac. An. 15: caractère porté à la flatterie. - promptus + dat. - promptus seditioni, Tac. An. 1, 48: porté à la révolte. - cf. Tac. An. 4, 46 ; 11, 32 ; 15, 45. - promptior veniae dandae, Liv. 25, 16, 12: plus porté à pardonner. - promptus + gén.: prompt sous le rapport de. - promptus veritatis exhibendae, Gell.: toujours prêt quand il s'agit de dire la vérité. - promptus + inf. (poét.): prêt à. - promptus pati, Luc. 7, 106: prêt à supporter. - cf. Stat. Th. 7, 209. [st1]2 [-] promptŭs, ūs, m. (seul. à l'abl. promptū): - [abcl][b]a - apparence, évidence. - [abcl]b - libre disposition. - [abcl]c - facilité.[/b] - in promptu esse: être sous les yeux, être visible. - Cic. Ac. 2, 10; Div. 2, 124. - fortasse una (virtus) in promptu sit et maxime appareat, patientia, Sen. Ep. 7, 67: peut-être en est-il une, la patience, qui éclate et se manifeste tout particulièrement. - in promptu ponere, Cic. Off. 1, 126: mettre sous les yeux, montrer. - ingenium in promptu habere, Sall. C. 7, 1: mettre en évidence ses talents. - iram in promptu gerere, Plaut. Ps. 449: laisser voir sa colère. - au fig. haec sunt in promptu, Cic. Off. 1, 6: cela tombe sous le sens, c'est évident. - in promptu esse alicui, Cic. Ac. 1, 4: être sous la main de qqn, à sa disposition, tout prêt. - semper in promptu habere quantum... Cic. Off. 1, 105: avoir toujours présent à l'esprit combien... - ea dicam quae mihi sunt in promptu, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 4: je dirai ce qui me vient à l'esprit. - est in promptu, Cic. Off. 2, 74: la chose est à la portée de tout le monde. - in promptu est + inf.: il est facile de. - nec tibi quadripedes animosos ignibus illis, quos in pectore habent, in promptu regere est, Ov. M. 2, 84: et les chevaux animés par le feu qui brûle dans leur poitrail, il n'est pas facile pour toi de les diriger. - cf. Ov. M. 13, 161.* * *[st1]1 [-] promptus, a, um: - [abcl][b]a - part. passé de promo. - [abcl]b - part.-adj.[/b] a - mis au grand jour, visible, manifeste. - aliud clausum in pectore, aliud promptum in lingua habere, Sall. C. 10, 5: avoir une pensée cachée au fond du coeur, une autre sur les lèvres. - cf. Cic. Amer. 118; Fin. 1, 30 ; de Or. 3, 215. - quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset, Cic. Verr. 4, 42: (aucun objet) qui ne fût pour sa cupidité parfaitement découvert et visible. b - qui est sous la main, prêt, apprêté, disponible (en parl. de choses). - fidem suam alicui promptam expositamque praebere, Cic. Caec. 78: mettre sa loyauté à la libre disposition de qqn. - cf. Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 6; prompta audacia, Sall. C. 32, 2: audace toute prête. c - facile, à la portée de tout le monde, commode. - facilis et prompta defensio, Cic. de Or. 1, 237: une défense facile et à la portée de tout le monde. - moenia haudquaquam prompta oppugnanti, Liv. 23, 1, 10: remparts d'escalade difficile pour un assaillant. - promptum est + inf.: il est facile de. - nec mihi dicere promptum, nec facere est isti, Ov. M. 13, 10: il ne m'est pas facile de bien parler, ni à lui de bien agir. - cf. Tac. An. 15, 41; Quint. 9, 1, 22. d - prêt, disposé, dispos, résolu (en parl. de pers.) - promptus homo, Cic. Verr. 4, 37: homme actif. - alacri et prompto ore atque voltu vagari toto foro, Cic. de Or. 1, 184: aller çà et là à travers le forum avec un air, un visage alerte et décidé. - linguā promptus, Liv. 2, 45, 15: résolu en paroles. - promptior linguā quam manu, Sall. J. 44, 1: plus entreprenant en paroles qu'en actions. - promptus animi, Tac. H. 2, 23: résolu de caractère. - promptiores pro patria, Liv. 22, 59, 11: plus dévoués à la patrie. - promptus ad...: prêt à, disposé à, prompt à. - animo prompto ad jocandum, Cic. Q. 2, 13, 1: d'une humeur disposée à la plaisanterie. - ad vim promptus, Cic. Agr. 2, 82: prêt à la violence. - promptiores esse ad nostra pericula, Cic. Off. 1, 83: être plus disposés à écarter les dangers qui nous menacent. - promptus + in et acc. - promptus in pavorem, Tac. An. 15, 25: prompt à s'alarmer. - promptior in spem, Tac. Agr. 35: plus porté à l'espoir. - promptum in adulationes ingenium, Tac. An. 15: caractère porté à la flatterie. - promptus + dat. - promptus seditioni, Tac. An. 1, 48: porté à la révolte. - cf. Tac. An. 4, 46 ; 11, 32 ; 15, 45. - promptior veniae dandae, Liv. 25, 16, 12: plus porté à pardonner. - promptus + gén.: prompt sous le rapport de. - promptus veritatis exhibendae, Gell.: toujours prêt quand il s'agit de dire la vérité. - promptus + inf. (poét.): prêt à. - promptus pati, Luc. 7, 106: prêt à supporter. - cf. Stat. Th. 7, 209. [st1]2 [-] promptŭs, ūs, m. (seul. à l'abl. promptū): - [abcl][b]a - apparence, évidence. - [abcl]b - libre disposition. - [abcl]c - facilité.[/b] - in promptu esse: être sous les yeux, être visible. - Cic. Ac. 2, 10; Div. 2, 124. - fortasse una (virtus) in promptu sit et maxime appareat, patientia, Sen. Ep. 7, 67: peut-être en est-il une, la patience, qui éclate et se manifeste tout particulièrement. - in promptu ponere, Cic. Off. 1, 126: mettre sous les yeux, montrer. - ingenium in promptu habere, Sall. C. 7, 1: mettre en évidence ses talents. - iram in promptu gerere, Plaut. Ps. 449: laisser voir sa colère. - au fig. haec sunt in promptu, Cic. Off. 1, 6: cela tombe sous le sens, c'est évident. - in promptu esse alicui, Cic. Ac. 1, 4: être sous la main de qqn, à sa disposition, tout prêt. - semper in promptu habere quantum... Cic. Off. 1, 105: avoir toujours présent à l'esprit combien... - ea dicam quae mihi sunt in promptu, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 4: je dirai ce qui me vient à l'esprit. - est in promptu, Cic. Off. 2, 74: la chose est à la portée de tout le monde. - in promptu est + inf.: il est facile de. - nec tibi quadripedes animosos ignibus illis, quos in pectore habent, in promptu regere est, Ov. M. 2, 84: et les chevaux animés par le feu qui brûle dans leur poitrail, il n'est pas facile pour toi de les diriger. - cf. Ov. M. 13, 161.* * *Promptus, Participium, siue Nomen ex participio. Tiré ou mis hors.\Promptus. Sallust. Prompt, Prest et appareillé, Appert.\Promptus ingenio. Liu. Qui ha l'esprit vif et esveillé.\Promptus lingua. Liu. Qui ha le langage bien à main et à commandement, et est bien emparlé, Prompt de la langue.\Promptior manu. Liu. Homme hardi et prest à frapper, Prompt de la main.\Promptiores debemus esse ad nostra pericula, quam ad communia. Cic. Estre plus prompts ou prests à regarder à nostre danger. -
62 pulcher
- orth. primitive pulcer, encore fréquente dans les mss. de Cicéron. [st1]1 [-] pulcher (pulcer), chra, chrum: a - beau, charmant, magnifique. - o puerum pulchrum ! Cic. Off. 1, 144: ô le bel enfant ! - urbs pulcherrima, Cic. Verr. 4, 117: ville belle entre toutes. - quid potest esse adspectu puichrius, Cic. CM 53: est-il rien de plus beau à la vue? - pulcherrime rerum, Ov. H. 4, 125: ô toi, le plus beau de tous les objets. - quamquam sidere pulchrior ille est... tecum vivere amem, Hor. O. 3, 9, 20: bien qu'il soit plus beau qu'un astre, c'est avec toi que j'aimerais vivre. b - beau, glorieux, louable, noble, honorable. - pulcherrimum factum, Cic. Phil. 2, 114: l'acte le plus beau. - quae majori parti pulcherrima videntur, Cic. Off. 1, 118: ce que la majorité admire le plus. --- cf. Cic. Lael. 26 ; CM 43. - poét. avec gén. de cause pulcherrimus irae, Sil. 11, 365: très beau dans l'indignation. - pulchrum est + inf.: il est beau de. --- Sall. C. 3, 1; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 30. - illis pulcherrimum fuit... tradere, Cic. Pomp. 12: il fut très beau pour eux de transmettre... - pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis, Virg. En. 2, 317: et il me vient à l'idée qu'il est glorieux de mourir les armes à la main. - pulchrum putare, ducere + inf.: trouver beau de. --- Luc. 9, 391. - turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores, Quint. 1, 2, 22: il trouvera honteux de céder à ses égaux par l'âge et beau de vaincre ses aînés. - pulcherrimum judicare + prop. inf. Caes. BG. 7, 17, 13: juger très beau que. - fig. praetor ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret, Cic Mur. 26: pour empêcher que le préteur ne se crût beau et bienheureux [allusion au sage stoïcien], ne s'attribuât la perfection du sage. [st1]2 [-] Pulcher, chri, m.: Pulcher (surnom). - P. Claudius Pulcher, Liv. 38, 35. --- Val. Max. 3, 5, 3; Tac. A. 4, 52. - Pulchri promontorium: promontoire du Beau (au nord-est de Carthage, auj. le Cap Bono). --- Liv. 29, 27, 12.* * *- orth. primitive pulcer, encore fréquente dans les mss. de Cicéron. [st1]1 [-] pulcher (pulcer), chra, chrum: a - beau, charmant, magnifique. - o puerum pulchrum ! Cic. Off. 1, 144: ô le bel enfant ! - urbs pulcherrima, Cic. Verr. 4, 117: ville belle entre toutes. - quid potest esse adspectu puichrius, Cic. CM 53: est-il rien de plus beau à la vue? - pulcherrime rerum, Ov. H. 4, 125: ô toi, le plus beau de tous les objets. - quamquam sidere pulchrior ille est... tecum vivere amem, Hor. O. 3, 9, 20: bien qu'il soit plus beau qu'un astre, c'est avec toi que j'aimerais vivre. b - beau, glorieux, louable, noble, honorable. - pulcherrimum factum, Cic. Phil. 2, 114: l'acte le plus beau. - quae majori parti pulcherrima videntur, Cic. Off. 1, 118: ce que la majorité admire le plus. --- cf. Cic. Lael. 26 ; CM 43. - poét. avec gén. de cause pulcherrimus irae, Sil. 11, 365: très beau dans l'indignation. - pulchrum est + inf.: il est beau de. --- Sall. C. 3, 1; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 30. - illis pulcherrimum fuit... tradere, Cic. Pomp. 12: il fut très beau pour eux de transmettre... - pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis, Virg. En. 2, 317: et il me vient à l'idée qu'il est glorieux de mourir les armes à la main. - pulchrum putare, ducere + inf.: trouver beau de. --- Luc. 9, 391. - turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores, Quint. 1, 2, 22: il trouvera honteux de céder à ses égaux par l'âge et beau de vaincre ses aînés. - pulcherrimum judicare + prop. inf. Caes. BG. 7, 17, 13: juger très beau que. - fig. praetor ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret, Cic Mur. 26: pour empêcher que le préteur ne se crût beau et bienheureux [allusion au sage stoïcien], ne s'attribuât la perfection du sage. [st1]2 [-] Pulcher, chri, m.: Pulcher (surnom). - P. Claudius Pulcher, Liv. 38, 35. --- Val. Max. 3, 5, 3; Tac. A. 4, 52. - Pulchri promontorium: promontoire du Beau (au nord-est de Carthage, auj. le Cap Bono). --- Liv. 29, 27, 12.* * *Pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum. Cic. Beau, Bel.\Mors pulchra. Virgil. Glorieuse. -
63 statuo
stătŭo, ĕre, tŭi, tūtum [status] - tr. - [st1]1 [-] établir, poser, placer, mettre dans une position déterminée. - statuite hic lectulos, Plaut. Pers. 759: placez ici les lits. - statue signum, Liv. 5, 55, 1: plante l'enseigne. - tigna statuere, Caes. BG. 4, 17: placer des pilotis. - crateres statuere, Virg. En. 1, 724: disposer les coupes sur la table. - statuam ante aras aurata fronte juvencum, Virg. En. 9: je placerai devant tes autels un jeune taureau aux cornes dorées. - tu cum pro vitula statuis dulcem Aulide natam ante aras, Hor.: toi, lorsque, à Aulis, tu mets devant l'autel, à la place d'une génisse, ta douce fille. - statuere captivos in medio, Liv. 21, 42, 1: placer les captifs au milieu. - cf. Liv. 28, 33, 12 ; 39, 49, 11, etc. - statuere bovem ante aram, Liv. 1, 45, 6: placer une génisse devant l'autel. --- cf. Virg. En. 9, 627. - statuere aliquem ante oculos, Cic. de Or. 1, 245: placer, mettre qqn devant les yeux. [st1]2 [-] élever, ériger, dresser, mettre debout. - statuere tabernacula, statuam, Caes. BC. 1, 81; Cic. Phil. 5, 41: dresser des tentes, une statue. - statuere tropaeum, Cic. Inv. 2, 69: élever un trophée. - statuitur Lollius in illo convivio, Cic. Verr. 3, 61: on fait tenir debout Lollius dans ce banquet. - statuar tumulo, Tac. D. 13: je serai dressé = ma statue se dressera sur le tombeau. --- cf. Ov. H. 2, 67. - urbem quam statuo vestra est, Virg. En. 1, 573: la ville que je fonde est à vous. - cf. Virg. En. 4, 655; Prop. 3, 11, 21. [st1]3 [-] [fig.] établir. - statuere exemplum in aliquo, Cic. Verr. 2, 111: instituer un exemple dans la personne de qqn. - statuere exemplum in aliquem, Cic. Verr 3, 210: faire un exemple de qqn. - documentum statuere, Liv. 24, 45, 5: faire un exemple. - omnium rerum jura, Cic. Caec. 34: établir des lois pour tout. - statuere aliquem arbitrum alicujus rei, Cic. Att. 15, 1 A, 2: faire qqn arbitre d'une chose. [st1]4 [-] décider, fixer, déterminer. - statuere omnes partes religionis, Cic. Rep. 2, 26: déterminer toutes les parties de la religion. - statuere modum alicui rei, Cic. Verr. 5, 163: fixer une limite à qqch, ou alicujus rei Cic. Sull. 48. - statuere condicionem, legem alicui, Cic. Balb. 25 ; Phil. 10, 12, fixer des conditions, une loi à qqn. - statuere diem alicui, alicui rei Sall. C. 36, 2 ; J. 70, 3: assigner un jour à qqn, à qqch. - cf. Liv. 24, 27, 1; 35, 35, 15. - statuto tempore, Curt. 6, 3, 7: à l'époque fixée. - avec int. ind. statuere utrum sint an... Cic. Phil. 2, 30: décider, trancher, s'ils sont ou si... --- cf. Mur. 27 ; Ac. 2, 9, etc. - statuere apud animum suum, Liv. 24, 2, 4: décider dans son esprit... --- cf. Liv. 6, 39, 11. - habes statutum quid... putes, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 4: tu as une idée arrêtée sur ce que tu crois... [st1]5 [-] poser en principe, être d'avis, juger, croire, estimer, imaginer, se mettre dans la tête. - statuere + prop. inf.: établir (comme vérité) que, croire que. - statuit sibi non expectandum esse, Caes.: il pensa qu'il ne devait pas attendre (il résolut de ne pas attendre). - statuit aliquid sibi consilii novi esse capiendum, Nep.: il pensa qu'il devait employer quelque stratagème nouveau. - nolim statuas me mente malignā id facere, Catul. 67: ne va pas croire que j'agis ainsi par méchanceté. - ut ego mihi statuo, Cic.: comme je l'imagine. - avec deux acc. statuere aliquem hostem, Cic. Phil. 11, 3: juger qqn un ennemi. - cf. Cic. Off. 1, 5; Sest. 144; Lael. 38, etc. - avec prop. inf. statuerant se... numquam esse visuros, Cic. Verr. 5, 95: ils avaient dans l'idée qu'ils ne verraient jamais... - cf. Cic. Br. 143 ; Phil. 12, 12 ; Caec. 39 ; Planc. 51, etc. - sic statuo a me... partes esse susceptas, Cic. Sest. 3: mon point de vue est que j'ai assumé le rôle... --- cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 33, etc. - non statuebas tibi... rationem esse reddendam, Cic. Verr. 2, 28: tu n'estimais pas que tu devais rendre compte... - cf. Verr. 5, 103 ; Sest. 24. - manendum mihi statuebam, Cic. Phil. 1, 1: je considérais comme mon devoir de rester. - cf. Cic. Clu. 16 ; Fam. 5, 2, 1; Caes. BG. 1, 11, 6. - statuit exspectandam classem, Caes. BG. 3, 14, 1: il estima qu'il fallait attendre la flotte. - ut ego mihi statuo, Cic. Mur. 32: comme je m'en forme l'idée. - ut Manilius statuebat, Cic. Caec. 69: comme c'était l'avis de Manilius. [st1]6 [-] décider, arrêter, résoudre. - avec même sujet - statuere + inf.: décider de. - avec sujets différents - statuere ut: décider de, décider que. - Caesar proelio supersedere statuit, Caes.: César décida de surseoir au combat. - statuit jus non dicere, Cic. Prov. 10: il décida de ne pas rendre la justice. - cf. Cic. Mil. 24 ; Lig. 21; Off. 1, 4, etc. - sic habuisti statutum cum animo... rejicere, Cic. Verr. 3, 95: tu as eu le parti pris de récuser... - statuunt ut decem milia hominum mittantur, Caes.: ils décident d'envoyer dix mille hommes. - statuere sibi eam legem ut....: s'imposer comme loi de... - avec ut, ne statuunt ut... mittantur, Caes. BG. 7, 21, 2: ils décident que soient envoyés. - cf. Cic. Verr. 3, 38 ; Off. 3, 48, etc. - statuitur, ne... sit Creta provincia, Cic. Phil. 2, 97: on décide que la Crète ne sera plus province. [st1]7 [-] décider, décréter, statuer. - statuere aliquid gravius in aliquem, Cic. Verr. 4, 19: décider qqch d'un peu grave contre qqn. - statuere aliquid de aliquo, Sall. C. 52, 31: prendre une décision sur qqn. - abst. de aliquo statuere, Caes. BG. 1, 19, 57: prendre une décision sur qqn. - pro merito cujusque statuitur, Liv. 8, 14, 1: on statue selon les services de chacun. - de se statuere, Tac. An. 6, 29: s'exécuter soi-même, se suicider.* * *stătŭo, ĕre, tŭi, tūtum [status] - tr. - [st1]1 [-] établir, poser, placer, mettre dans une position déterminée. - statuite hic lectulos, Plaut. Pers. 759: placez ici les lits. - statue signum, Liv. 5, 55, 1: plante l'enseigne. - tigna statuere, Caes. BG. 4, 17: placer des pilotis. - crateres statuere, Virg. En. 1, 724: disposer les coupes sur la table. - statuam ante aras aurata fronte juvencum, Virg. En. 9: je placerai devant tes autels un jeune taureau aux cornes dorées. - tu cum pro vitula statuis dulcem Aulide natam ante aras, Hor.: toi, lorsque, à Aulis, tu mets devant l'autel, à la place d'une génisse, ta douce fille. - statuere captivos in medio, Liv. 21, 42, 1: placer les captifs au milieu. - cf. Liv. 28, 33, 12 ; 39, 49, 11, etc. - statuere bovem ante aram, Liv. 1, 45, 6: placer une génisse devant l'autel. --- cf. Virg. En. 9, 627. - statuere aliquem ante oculos, Cic. de Or. 1, 245: placer, mettre qqn devant les yeux. [st1]2 [-] élever, ériger, dresser, mettre debout. - statuere tabernacula, statuam, Caes. BC. 1, 81; Cic. Phil. 5, 41: dresser des tentes, une statue. - statuere tropaeum, Cic. Inv. 2, 69: élever un trophée. - statuitur Lollius in illo convivio, Cic. Verr. 3, 61: on fait tenir debout Lollius dans ce banquet. - statuar tumulo, Tac. D. 13: je serai dressé = ma statue se dressera sur le tombeau. --- cf. Ov. H. 2, 67. - urbem quam statuo vestra est, Virg. En. 1, 573: la ville que je fonde est à vous. - cf. Virg. En. 4, 655; Prop. 3, 11, 21. [st1]3 [-] [fig.] établir. - statuere exemplum in aliquo, Cic. Verr. 2, 111: instituer un exemple dans la personne de qqn. - statuere exemplum in aliquem, Cic. Verr 3, 210: faire un exemple de qqn. - documentum statuere, Liv. 24, 45, 5: faire un exemple. - omnium rerum jura, Cic. Caec. 34: établir des lois pour tout. - statuere aliquem arbitrum alicujus rei, Cic. Att. 15, 1 A, 2: faire qqn arbitre d'une chose. [st1]4 [-] décider, fixer, déterminer. - statuere omnes partes religionis, Cic. Rep. 2, 26: déterminer toutes les parties de la religion. - statuere modum alicui rei, Cic. Verr. 5, 163: fixer une limite à qqch, ou alicujus rei Cic. Sull. 48. - statuere condicionem, legem alicui, Cic. Balb. 25 ; Phil. 10, 12, fixer des conditions, une loi à qqn. - statuere diem alicui, alicui rei Sall. C. 36, 2 ; J. 70, 3: assigner un jour à qqn, à qqch. - cf. Liv. 24, 27, 1; 35, 35, 15. - statuto tempore, Curt. 6, 3, 7: à l'époque fixée. - avec int. ind. statuere utrum sint an... Cic. Phil. 2, 30: décider, trancher, s'ils sont ou si... --- cf. Mur. 27 ; Ac. 2, 9, etc. - statuere apud animum suum, Liv. 24, 2, 4: décider dans son esprit... --- cf. Liv. 6, 39, 11. - habes statutum quid... putes, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 4: tu as une idée arrêtée sur ce que tu crois... [st1]5 [-] poser en principe, être d'avis, juger, croire, estimer, imaginer, se mettre dans la tête. - statuere + prop. inf.: établir (comme vérité) que, croire que. - statuit sibi non expectandum esse, Caes.: il pensa qu'il ne devait pas attendre (il résolut de ne pas attendre). - statuit aliquid sibi consilii novi esse capiendum, Nep.: il pensa qu'il devait employer quelque stratagème nouveau. - nolim statuas me mente malignā id facere, Catul. 67: ne va pas croire que j'agis ainsi par méchanceté. - ut ego mihi statuo, Cic.: comme je l'imagine. - avec deux acc. statuere aliquem hostem, Cic. Phil. 11, 3: juger qqn un ennemi. - cf. Cic. Off. 1, 5; Sest. 144; Lael. 38, etc. - avec prop. inf. statuerant se... numquam esse visuros, Cic. Verr. 5, 95: ils avaient dans l'idée qu'ils ne verraient jamais... - cf. Cic. Br. 143 ; Phil. 12, 12 ; Caec. 39 ; Planc. 51, etc. - sic statuo a me... partes esse susceptas, Cic. Sest. 3: mon point de vue est que j'ai assumé le rôle... --- cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 33, etc. - non statuebas tibi... rationem esse reddendam, Cic. Verr. 2, 28: tu n'estimais pas que tu devais rendre compte... - cf. Verr. 5, 103 ; Sest. 24. - manendum mihi statuebam, Cic. Phil. 1, 1: je considérais comme mon devoir de rester. - cf. Cic. Clu. 16 ; Fam. 5, 2, 1; Caes. BG. 1, 11, 6. - statuit exspectandam classem, Caes. BG. 3, 14, 1: il estima qu'il fallait attendre la flotte. - ut ego mihi statuo, Cic. Mur. 32: comme je m'en forme l'idée. - ut Manilius statuebat, Cic. Caec. 69: comme c'était l'avis de Manilius. [st1]6 [-] décider, arrêter, résoudre. - avec même sujet - statuere + inf.: décider de. - avec sujets différents - statuere ut: décider de, décider que. - Caesar proelio supersedere statuit, Caes.: César décida de surseoir au combat. - statuit jus non dicere, Cic. Prov. 10: il décida de ne pas rendre la justice. - cf. Cic. Mil. 24 ; Lig. 21; Off. 1, 4, etc. - sic habuisti statutum cum animo... rejicere, Cic. Verr. 3, 95: tu as eu le parti pris de récuser... - statuunt ut decem milia hominum mittantur, Caes.: ils décident d'envoyer dix mille hommes. - statuere sibi eam legem ut....: s'imposer comme loi de... - avec ut, ne statuunt ut... mittantur, Caes. BG. 7, 21, 2: ils décident que soient envoyés. - cf. Cic. Verr. 3, 38 ; Off. 3, 48, etc. - statuitur, ne... sit Creta provincia, Cic. Phil. 2, 97: on décide que la Crète ne sera plus province. [st1]7 [-] décider, décréter, statuer. - statuere aliquid gravius in aliquem, Cic. Verr. 4, 19: décider qqch d'un peu grave contre qqn. - statuere aliquid de aliquo, Sall. C. 52, 31: prendre une décision sur qqn. - abst. de aliquo statuere, Caes. BG. 1, 19, 57: prendre une décision sur qqn. - pro merito cujusque statuitur, Liv. 8, 14, 1: on statue selon les services de chacun. - de se statuere, Tac. An. 6, 29: s'exécuter soi-même, se suicider.* * *Statuo, statuis, statui, statutum, pe. prod. statuere. Liu. Ordonner, Arrester quelque propos.\Statuere et decernere. Cic. Ordonner et arrester.\Senatus statuit. Cic. A ordonné.\Causam sibi dicendam esse statuerat. Cic. Il s'estoit asseuré que, etc. Il avoit faict son conte, et s'attendoit asseureement que, etc. Il s'estoit tout resolu et deliberé, etc.\Statuere summum bonum, non dolere. Cic. Estimer et arrester que le souverain bien est, n'avoir point de douleur, Estre de ceste opinion ferme et asseuree.\Apud animos vel animum statuere. Liu. Arrester en soymesme.\Vix statuere apud animum meum possum, vtrum peior ipsa res, an peiore exemplo agatur. Liu. Je ne puis estimer ou juger, ne resouldre en moymesme, si, etc.\De aliquo statuere. Tacit. Le condamner et faire mourir.\De se statuere. Tacit. Se tuer avant qu'on soit condamné.\Vt in posterum, documentum statuerem nequis talem amentiam vellet imitari. Cicero. A fin que je baillasse exemple.\Exemplum statuere in homine. Cic. Punir tellement un homme, que les autres y prennent exemple, Faire jugement exemplaire.\Finem alicuius rei statuere. Cic. Arrester la fin de quelque chose.\In aliquem statuere. Caes. Ordonner quelque chose contre aucun.\Quod ius statues communi diuidendo? Cic. Quelle nature luy bailleras tu?\Legem sibi statuere. Cic. Se faire une loy.\Locum colloquio statuere. Liu. Ordonner du lieu pour parlementer.\Mercedem statuere. Brutus Ciceroni. Arrester avec aucun quel loyer on luy veult bailler.\Modum statuere alienae industriae. Cic. Donner reigle et mesure.\Macedonibus treceni nummi in capita statutum est pretium. Liu. On arresta que chasque Macedonien payeroit trois cens pieces d'argent.\Pretium statui arti meae. Terent. J'ay mis à pris ma besongne.\Statuite quanti hoc putetis, et quam multo redemisse. Cic. Pensez et estimez en vous mesmes.\Statuere qui sit sapiens, vel maxime videtur esse sapientis. Cic. Arrester et diffinir ou determiner.\Stipendium alicui statuere de publico. Liu. Assigner gages à aucun sur les deniers de la ville.\Triste aliquid statuere. Ouid. Ordonner quelque punition.\Tabernacula statuere in foro. Liu. Poser et asseoir.\Aras binas statuit e caespite. Ouid. Elle erigea, etc.\Crateras magnos statuunt. Virgil. Ils mettent sur table.\Terminos statuere. Liu. Asseoir et planter bornes.\Tumulum statuere. Virgil. Eriger.\Vrbem praeclaram statui. Virgil. J'ay basti et edifié, etc.\Crateras duos statuam tibi pinguis oliui. Virg. Je te dedieray.\Statuere statuam alicui. Cic. Luy dresser et eriger une statue en memoire de luy, Eslever.\Statue contra, aliquem confectum tantis animi corporisque doloribus, etc. Cic. Mets, ou pose le cas que, etc.\Sublimen medium arriperem, et capite primum in terram statuerem. Terent. Je luy jecteroye la teste contre terre, ou les pieds contremont.\Statutum est. Cic. Cela est tout arresté. -
64 subeo
sŭbĕo, īre, (ĭi, qqf. īvit), ĭtum - tr. et intr. - - subivit, Ov. F. 1, 314; Stat. S. 2, 1, 155. [st1]1 [-] aller sous, entrer dans (un lieu couvert ou fermé), s'introduire, pénétrer dans. - subire tectum, Caes.: entrer dans une maison. - avec datif subire luco, Virg.: s'introduire dans un bois. - subire portu, Virg.: entrer dans le port. - subire muro, Virg.: venir sous les murailles. - cum luna sub orbem solis subisset, Liv. 37, 4, 4: la lune étant venue sous le disque du soleil. - ne subeunt herbae, Virg. G. 1, 180: pour que l'herbe ne vienne pas dessous. - subire in nemoris latebras, Ov M. 4, 601: pénétrer dans les profondeurs du bois. - subire jugum, Plin.: recevoir le joug. - subire currum, Virg.: se laisser atteler. - subire iniquum locum, Caes.: s'engager dans un terrain défavorable. - subire limina, Virg. En. 8, 363: franchir un seuil. - subire domos, Ov. M. 1, 121: entrer dans des maisons. --- cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 33. - subire paludem Tritoniacam, Ov. M. 15, 358: se plonger dans le lac Triton. [st1]2 [-] se mettre sous, porter (un fardeau), soutenir; se charger (d'un mal), se soumettre à, supporter, endurer, souffrir, subir, se charger de, entreprendre de. - avec datif subire feretro, Virg. En. 6, 222: porter la civière sur ses épaules. - verba sub acumen stili subeunt, Cic. de Or. 1, 151: les mots se présentent sous la pointe du stylet. - aura, subito, Ov.: souffles des vents, portez-moi. - subire crudelitatis famam, Cic.: subir une réputation d'homme cruel. - subire judicium multitudinis, Cic.: se soumettre au jugement de la foule. - inimicitiae sunt: subeantur, Cic.: nous avons des ennemis: [qu'ils soient supportés]= supportons-les. - subire minus sermonis, Cic.: être moins en butte aux propos. - subire injuriam, Cic. Prov. 41: supporter l'injustice. - dupli poenam subire, Cic. Ofr. 3, 65: subir la peine du double. - incesti poenas subire, Obseq 97 (35): subir les peines prévues pour inceste. - subitam avertere curam, Lucr. 2, 363: détourner le faix du souci. - subire odium, Cic.: encourir la haine. [st1]3 [-] s'approcher de, s'avancer vers, s'avancer devant, marcher à, aborder, attaquer, affronter, s'exposer à. - subire ad hostes, Liv.: marcher à l'ennemi. - subit Rhaetum, Virg.: il attaque Rhétus. - subire mucronem, Virg.: se jeter au-devant de l'épée. - ex inferiore loco subeuntes non intermittere, Caes. BG. 2, 25, 1: ne pas s'arrêter dans leur marche ascendante. - testudine facta subeunt, Caes. BG. 7, 85, 5: faisant la tortue ils avancent. - quamquam adscensus dificilis erat... subierunt, Liv. 27, 18, 13: malgré la difficulté de l'ascension..., ils avancèrent. - in adversos montes subire, Liv. 41, 18. 11: gravir la pente des montagnes. - subire ad hostes, Liv. 2, 31, 5: marcher à l'ennemi [qui est sur les hauteurs]. - subire ad montes, Liv. 1, 28, 7: s'approcher des montagnes. - subire ad urbem, Liv. 31, 45, 4: marcher contre la ville [après avoir débarqué]. - cf. Liv. 34, 16, 2 ; 34, 46, 7 ; 39, 27, 10. - avec datif subire auxilio, Virg.: courir au secours. - subire muro, Virg. En. 7, 161: s'approcher du mur, arriver au pied du mur. --- cf. Virg. En. 9, 371. - subire portu [dat.] Chaonio Virg. En. 3, 292: arriver au port de Chaonie. - subire periculum, Cic.: affronter le danger. - paratiores ad omnia pericula subeunda, Caes. BG. 1: mieux préparés à affronter tous les périls. - subeundae sunt saepe pro re publica tempestates, Cic. Sest. 139: il faut souvent pour l'intérêt public affronter des tempêtes. [st1]4 [-] venir en remplacement, venir à la place de, venir immédiatement après, succéder à. - [absol] Virg. G. 3, 67 ; Ov. M. 3, 648 ; 1, 114. - avec datif dexterae altae sinistra subiit, Liv. 27, 2, 7: l'aile gauche vint remplacer l'aile droite. --- cf. Liv. 25, 37, 6. - subire in locum alicujus rei, Ov. M. 1, 130: se substituer à qqch. - pone subit conjux, Virg. En. 2: derrière moi vient ma femme. - subiit argentea proles, Ov. M. 1: puis vint l'âge d'argent. - cui deinde subibit Tullus, Virg.: il aura pour successeur Tullus. - subire alicui in custodiam, Liv. 25: remplacer qqn pour la garde. [st1]5 [-] venir de dessous, pousser, croître, produire; monter, s'élever. - subeant herbae, Virg.: pour que vienne l'herbe. - subit barba, Mart.: la barbe pousse. - subeunt dentes, Plin.: les dents percent. - subibat mare, Curt. 9: la mer montait. [st1]6 [-] survenir, se présenter, arriver, venir à l'esprit, se présenter à la mémoire, s'offrir à l'imagination. - subeunt morbi, Virg. G. 3: les maladies arrivent insensiblement. - subiit deserta Creusa, Virg. En. 2, 562: à ma pensée s'offrit Créuse abandonnée. - subiit genitoris imago, Virg. En. 2: l'image de mon père se présenta à mon esprit. - cf. Virg. En. 11, 542 ; Quint. 11, 2, 17 ; Tac. An. 1, 13. - subit avec inf. il vient à l'esprit de, on se prend à. --- Plin. 12, pr. 2 ; 25, 23. - avec prop. inf. il vient à l'esprit que: Ov. M. 2, 755. - cogitatio animum subiit + prop. inf. Liv. 36: on vint à penser que... - quid sim, quid fuerimque subit, Ov. Tr. 3: je songe à ce que je suis, à ce que je fus. [st1]7 [-] venir à la dérobée, se glisser furtivement, s'insinuer; entrer dans le coeur, venir à l'esprit, - timeo ne subeant animo taedia tuo, Ov. P. 4: je crains que tu ne connaisses des ennuis. - subire thalamos, Ov. M. 3, 282: se glisser dans une couche. - me subiit miseratio, Plin. Ep. 3: la compassion entra dans mon coeur. - subit furtim lumina fessa sopor, Ov. H. 19, 56: le sommeil envahit furtivement ses yeux fatigués.* * *sŭbĕo, īre, (ĭi, qqf. īvit), ĭtum - tr. et intr. - - subivit, Ov. F. 1, 314; Stat. S. 2, 1, 155. [st1]1 [-] aller sous, entrer dans (un lieu couvert ou fermé), s'introduire, pénétrer dans. - subire tectum, Caes.: entrer dans une maison. - avec datif subire luco, Virg.: s'introduire dans un bois. - subire portu, Virg.: entrer dans le port. - subire muro, Virg.: venir sous les murailles. - cum luna sub orbem solis subisset, Liv. 37, 4, 4: la lune étant venue sous le disque du soleil. - ne subeunt herbae, Virg. G. 1, 180: pour que l'herbe ne vienne pas dessous. - subire in nemoris latebras, Ov M. 4, 601: pénétrer dans les profondeurs du bois. - subire jugum, Plin.: recevoir le joug. - subire currum, Virg.: se laisser atteler. - subire iniquum locum, Caes.: s'engager dans un terrain défavorable. - subire limina, Virg. En. 8, 363: franchir un seuil. - subire domos, Ov. M. 1, 121: entrer dans des maisons. --- cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 33. - subire paludem Tritoniacam, Ov. M. 15, 358: se plonger dans le lac Triton. [st1]2 [-] se mettre sous, porter (un fardeau), soutenir; se charger (d'un mal), se soumettre à, supporter, endurer, souffrir, subir, se charger de, entreprendre de. - avec datif subire feretro, Virg. En. 6, 222: porter la civière sur ses épaules. - verba sub acumen stili subeunt, Cic. de Or. 1, 151: les mots se présentent sous la pointe du stylet. - aura, subito, Ov.: souffles des vents, portez-moi. - subire crudelitatis famam, Cic.: subir une réputation d'homme cruel. - subire judicium multitudinis, Cic.: se soumettre au jugement de la foule. - inimicitiae sunt: subeantur, Cic.: nous avons des ennemis: [qu'ils soient supportés]= supportons-les. - subire minus sermonis, Cic.: être moins en butte aux propos. - subire injuriam, Cic. Prov. 41: supporter l'injustice. - dupli poenam subire, Cic. Ofr. 3, 65: subir la peine du double. - incesti poenas subire, Obseq 97 (35): subir les peines prévues pour inceste. - subitam avertere curam, Lucr. 2, 363: détourner le faix du souci. - subire odium, Cic.: encourir la haine. [st1]3 [-] s'approcher de, s'avancer vers, s'avancer devant, marcher à, aborder, attaquer, affronter, s'exposer à. - subire ad hostes, Liv.: marcher à l'ennemi. - subit Rhaetum, Virg.: il attaque Rhétus. - subire mucronem, Virg.: se jeter au-devant de l'épée. - ex inferiore loco subeuntes non intermittere, Caes. BG. 2, 25, 1: ne pas s'arrêter dans leur marche ascendante. - testudine facta subeunt, Caes. BG. 7, 85, 5: faisant la tortue ils avancent. - quamquam adscensus dificilis erat... subierunt, Liv. 27, 18, 13: malgré la difficulté de l'ascension..., ils avancèrent. - in adversos montes subire, Liv. 41, 18. 11: gravir la pente des montagnes. - subire ad hostes, Liv. 2, 31, 5: marcher à l'ennemi [qui est sur les hauteurs]. - subire ad montes, Liv. 1, 28, 7: s'approcher des montagnes. - subire ad urbem, Liv. 31, 45, 4: marcher contre la ville [après avoir débarqué]. - cf. Liv. 34, 16, 2 ; 34, 46, 7 ; 39, 27, 10. - avec datif subire auxilio, Virg.: courir au secours. - subire muro, Virg. En. 7, 161: s'approcher du mur, arriver au pied du mur. --- cf. Virg. En. 9, 371. - subire portu [dat.] Chaonio Virg. En. 3, 292: arriver au port de Chaonie. - subire periculum, Cic.: affronter le danger. - paratiores ad omnia pericula subeunda, Caes. BG. 1: mieux préparés à affronter tous les périls. - subeundae sunt saepe pro re publica tempestates, Cic. Sest. 139: il faut souvent pour l'intérêt public affronter des tempêtes. [st1]4 [-] venir en remplacement, venir à la place de, venir immédiatement après, succéder à. - [absol] Virg. G. 3, 67 ; Ov. M. 3, 648 ; 1, 114. - avec datif dexterae altae sinistra subiit, Liv. 27, 2, 7: l'aile gauche vint remplacer l'aile droite. --- cf. Liv. 25, 37, 6. - subire in locum alicujus rei, Ov. M. 1, 130: se substituer à qqch. - pone subit conjux, Virg. En. 2: derrière moi vient ma femme. - subiit argentea proles, Ov. M. 1: puis vint l'âge d'argent. - cui deinde subibit Tullus, Virg.: il aura pour successeur Tullus. - subire alicui in custodiam, Liv. 25: remplacer qqn pour la garde. [st1]5 [-] venir de dessous, pousser, croître, produire; monter, s'élever. - subeant herbae, Virg.: pour que vienne l'herbe. - subit barba, Mart.: la barbe pousse. - subeunt dentes, Plin.: les dents percent. - subibat mare, Curt. 9: la mer montait. [st1]6 [-] survenir, se présenter, arriver, venir à l'esprit, se présenter à la mémoire, s'offrir à l'imagination. - subeunt morbi, Virg. G. 3: les maladies arrivent insensiblement. - subiit deserta Creusa, Virg. En. 2, 562: à ma pensée s'offrit Créuse abandonnée. - subiit genitoris imago, Virg. En. 2: l'image de mon père se présenta à mon esprit. - cf. Virg. En. 11, 542 ; Quint. 11, 2, 17 ; Tac. An. 1, 13. - subit avec inf. il vient à l'esprit de, on se prend à. --- Plin. 12, pr. 2 ; 25, 23. - avec prop. inf. il vient à l'esprit que: Ov. M. 2, 755. - cogitatio animum subiit + prop. inf. Liv. 36: on vint à penser que... - quid sim, quid fuerimque subit, Ov. Tr. 3: je songe à ce que je suis, à ce que je fus. [st1]7 [-] venir à la dérobée, se glisser furtivement, s'insinuer; entrer dans le coeur, venir à l'esprit, - timeo ne subeant animo taedia tuo, Ov. P. 4: je crains que tu ne connaisses des ennuis. - subire thalamos, Ov. M. 3, 282: se glisser dans une couche. - me subiit miseratio, Plin. Ep. 3: la compassion entra dans mon coeur. - subit furtim lumina fessa sopor, Ov. H. 19, 56: le sommeil envahit furtivement ses yeux fatigués.* * *Subeo, subis, subiui vel subii, subitum, penul. corr. subire. Entrer.\Qui intra annos quatuordecim tectum non subiissent. Caes. Qui n'avoyent entré en maison depuis, etc.\Subire portum. Plin. iunior. Entrer dedens le port.\Subire. Plin. Monter du bas en hault.\Subire vultum alicuius. Cic. Se presenter devant aucun.\Subire muro. Virgil. Monter en mont le mur.\Leones subiere currum. Virgil. Ont esté accouplez et attelez pour tirer au chariot.\Onus subire dorso. Horat. Porter sur son dos.\Humeris aliquem subire. Virgil. Porter quelqu'un sur ses espaules.\Subire aliquid. Plin. iunior. Prendre la charge de quelque chose, Entreprendre un affaire.\Pectus rude vix subit primos amores. Ouid. La personne qui n'a encore experimenté que c'est d'aimer, à grand peine peult soustenir et porter ses premieres amours.\Subire conditionem pacis. Caes. Recevoir la paix, S'accorder à faire paix, Se soubmettre à faire paix.\Subire deditionem. Caes. S'abbaisser ou se soubmettre et venir à composition et se rendre à son ennemi.\Iussa subire. Claudianus. Obeir, Se soubmettre à faire ce qui est commandé.\Labores subire. Cic. Prendre peine.\Nauigationem subire. Caes. Se mettre sur la mer.\Patronus has partes subit. Quintil. Entreprendre ceste charge.\Primae legioni tertia subiit. Liu. S'est mise en sa place.\Subire per vices. Plinius. Se mettre en la place l'un de l'autre par tour.\In quarum locum subierunt inquilinae, impietas, perfidia, impudicitia. Varro. Sont venues ou entrees en leur place.\In partes alicuius subire. Ouid. Faire l'office d'aucun, Faire ce qu'il debvoit faire.\Subire. Plin. iunior. Endurer, Souffrir.\Aleam subire. Columel. Se mettre à l'adventure et en danger.\Calamitatem subire. Cic. Tomber en un grand malheur et calamité ou adversité, Faire une grande perte.\Casum subire. Cic. Endurer quelque fortune, Porter.\Crimen subire cupiditatis regni. Liu. Encourir le blasme d'avoir voulu usurper le royaume.\Dolorem subire. Cic. Endurer, Porter, Soustenir.\Famam crudelitatis subire. Cic. Avoir bruit d'estre cruel.\Fortunam subire. Liu. Se mettre à l'adventure.\Incommoda subire. Cic. Recevoir dommage.\Infamiam sempiternam subire. Cic. Estre diffamé à jamais.\Iudicium imperitae multitudinis subire. Cic. Se mettre, ou tomber au jugement de, etc.\Leges subire. Stat. Recevoir loix, Se soubmettre et obeir.\Nomen exulis subire. Cicero. Estre banni, Venir à avoir le nom de banni.\Notam turpitudinis subire. Cic. Estre noté de quelque meschanceté.\Odium alicuius subire. Cic. Se mettre en la haine d'aucun.\Periculum subire. Cic. Se mettre en danger.\Poenam subire. Cic. Estre puni, Porter une punition.\Sermonem subire. Cic. Faire parler de soy.\Supplicia subire. Cic. Estre puni.\Tela subire. Cic. Recevoir coups de dards.\Tempestatem inuidiae subire. Cic. Se mettre en haine.\Tempestates subire. Caesar. Se mettre en dangers.\Quibus si paruissem, tristitiam illorum temporum non subiissem. Cic. Je n'eusse pas eu la tristesse que j'eu en ce temps là.\Turpitudinem subire, siue turpitudines. Cic. Endurer, Encourir une infamie.\Verbera subire. Plin. Endurer d'estre batu.\Vim subire, atque inuiriam malui, quam aut a vestris sanctissimis mentibus dissidere, aut de meo statu declinare. Cic. J'ay mieulx aimé me mettre en danger d'estre tué, que de, etc.\Vituperationem subire. Cic. Estre blasmé et repris.\Ne subeant herbae. Virgil. Surcroissent, Montent et croissent.\Subeunt morbi. Virgil. Maladies surviennent.\Senecta subiens. Sil. Survenant.\Sopor subit fessa lumina. Ouid. Le sommeil entre secretement dedens mes yeulx lassez de veiller.\Taedia subeunt animo. Ouid. Je me fasche et ennuye.\Subit religio animos. Plin. Il leur vient un scrupule.\Subit animum timor, ne, etc. Liu. On craint que, etc.\Interdum spes animum subibat, deflagrare iras vestras posse. Liu. J'esperoye que, etc.\Subeunt in hac reputatione Delphica oracula. Plinius. Nous viennent en memoire.\Cogitationi nostrae nunquam subiit. Curtius. Il ne nous souveint jamais d'y penser.\Me fragilitatis humanae miseratio subit. Plin. iunior. J'ay pitié et compassion de la fragilité humaine.\Subiit regem verecundia. Curt. Il ha eu honte.\Imago viri pugnantis me subit. Ouid. Il me semble que je voy mon mari combatant.\Subit antiquitatem mirari. Plin. Il me vient en memoire de, etc.\Subit recordatio. Plin. iunior. Il me souvient.\Subit cogitatio. Plin. Il me vient en pensee.\Subiit cogitatio animum. Liuius. Je me suis prins à penser, Je me suis appensé.\Subit animum. Liu. Il me souvient.\Et subit affectu nunc mihi quicquid abest. Ouid. Me vient en affection, Je desire tout ce, etc.\AEneae mucronem subiit Lausus. Virgil. Il se lancea et mist dessoubs l'espee d'Eneas desja haulcee pour frapper, et sousteint le coup de son bouclier.\Subire aliquem. Valer. Flac. Assaillir aucun.\Fallendus est iudex, et variis artibus subeundus. Quintil. Il le fault gaigner par petits moyens, sans qu'il s'en appercoive.\Auxilio subire alicui. Virgil. Venir à l'aide.\Loquentem subire. Claud. Respondre à celuy qui a parlé. -
65 vereor
vĕrĕor, ēri, ĭtus sum - tr. - [st1]1 [-] avoir une crainte respectueuse pour, révérer, respecter, honorer. - vereri et diligere aliquem, Cic. Off. 1, 136: respecter et estimer qqn. - metuebant eum servi, verebantur liberi, Cic. CM 37: il était craint de ses esclaves, révéré de ses enfants. - cf. Cic. Phil. 12, 29; Liv. 39, 37, 17. [st1]2 [-] appréhender, craindre; avoir de l'appréhension, de la crainte. - non se hostem vereri, sed angustias itineris... timere dicebant, Caes. BG. 1, 39, 6: ils disaient qu'ils n'avaient pas l'appréhension de l'ennemi, mais qu'ils craignaient l'étroitesse des défilés. - cf. Caes. BG. 5, 48 ; BC. 3, 21; Cic. Or. 1; Nat. 2, 59. - de aliqua re vereri, Cic. CM 18: craindre à propos de qqch. - vereri alicui, alicui rei: craindre pour qqn, pour qqch. - eo minus veritus navibus, quod in litore molli atque aperto deligatas ad ancoram relinquebat, Caes. BG. 5: craignant d'autant moins pour les vaisseaux qu'il les laissait à l'ancre sur un rivage uni et découvert. - avec gén. de relation ne tui quidem testimonii veritus, Cic. Att. 8, 4, 1: sans être même en souci de ton témoignage. - cf. Ter. Phorm. 971 ; Afran. Acc. d. NON. 496, 29 ; 497, 2. - impers. nihilne te populi veretur? Atta.com. 7: n'as-tu aucun souci du peuple. --- cf. pudet. [st1]3 [-] appréhender de, craindre de. - avec inf. Cic. Leg. 1, 37 ; Fam. 6, 6, 6 ; 13, 18, 2 ; Caes. BG. 5, 6. - impers. aliquem non veritum est avec inf. Cic. Fin. 2, 39, qqn n'a pas craint de. - vereri + prop. inf.: appréhender que. - cf. Plaut. Mil. 1285 ; Acc. Tr. 157. - vereri + inter. indir.: se demander avec inquiétude, avec appréhension. --- Ter. And. 176. - vereri ecquodnam curriculum sit habitura tua industria, Cic. Br. 22: se demander avec inquiétude quelle carrière aura ton activité. --- cf. Att. 7, 7, 3. - vereri ne + subj.: craindre que, craindre de. - vereor ne veniat: je crains qu'il ne vienne. - nonne verendum est ne philosophiam falsa gloria exornes? Cic. Tusc. 2: n'y a-t-il pas lieu de craindre que tu ne combles la philosophie de fausses louanges? - ne Diviciaci animum offenderet verebatur, Caes. BG. 1: il craignait de fâcher Diviciacos. - cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 70 ; 3, 70 ; de Or. 1, 231, etc. ; Caes. BG. 1, 19 ; 1, 42, etc. - verens, ne... Cic. de Or. 2, 14 ; 3, 33 ; Nat. 1, 18 ; Top. 4 ; Fam. 13, 19, e; Att. 10, 8, 5 ; 15, 21, 1. - vereor ne barbarorum rex fuerit ( Romulus), Cic. Rep. 1, 58: je crains bien que Romulus ait régné sur des barbares = il est probable que, il faut croire que. - vereor ne... non...: craindre que ne... pas. - d'ordinaire non vereor ne... non. --- Cic. Verr. 2, 118 ; 4, 82 ; Fam. 2, 1, 1; 2, 5, 2 ; Mil. 95 ; de Or. 1, 250, etc. - quid est cur verear, ne... non ? Cic. Fin. 1, 34: pourquoi craindrais-je de ne pas ? - vereri ut (= vereri... ne... non...): se demander avec crainte comment, craindre que... ne... pas... - veremur, ut hoc, quod a tam multis et quod tot locis perferatur, natura patiatur, Cic. Tusc. 2, 46: nous craignons que cette douleur, qui est supportée jusqu'au bout par tant de gens et dans tant de lieux, la nature ne puisse pas l'endurer. - veritus ut hostium impetum sustinere posset, Caes. B. G. 5, 47: se demandant avec crainte comment il pourrait soutenir le choc des ennemis (craignant de ne pas pouvoir soutenir le choc des ennemis). - cf. Cic. Tusc. 2, 46 ; de Or. 1, 35 ; Agr. 2, 58 ; Fam. 14, 14, 1; Att. 6, 4, 2; 11, 22, 1; Caes. BG. 5, 47. [st1]4 [-] remarques. - le participe passé veritus a parfois le sens du présent. - veritus, a, um: - [abcl]a - qui a craint; craignant. - [abcl]b - qui a hésité. - hic vereri perdidit, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 50: il a perdu toute honte (il a toute honte bue). - sens passif malunt metui se quam vereri, Gell.: ils aiment mieux être craints que respectés.* * *vĕrĕor, ēri, ĭtus sum - tr. - [st1]1 [-] avoir une crainte respectueuse pour, révérer, respecter, honorer. - vereri et diligere aliquem, Cic. Off. 1, 136: respecter et estimer qqn. - metuebant eum servi, verebantur liberi, Cic. CM 37: il était craint de ses esclaves, révéré de ses enfants. - cf. Cic. Phil. 12, 29; Liv. 39, 37, 17. [st1]2 [-] appréhender, craindre; avoir de l'appréhension, de la crainte. - non se hostem vereri, sed angustias itineris... timere dicebant, Caes. BG. 1, 39, 6: ils disaient qu'ils n'avaient pas l'appréhension de l'ennemi, mais qu'ils craignaient l'étroitesse des défilés. - cf. Caes. BG. 5, 48 ; BC. 3, 21; Cic. Or. 1; Nat. 2, 59. - de aliqua re vereri, Cic. CM 18: craindre à propos de qqch. - vereri alicui, alicui rei: craindre pour qqn, pour qqch. - eo minus veritus navibus, quod in litore molli atque aperto deligatas ad ancoram relinquebat, Caes. BG. 5: craignant d'autant moins pour les vaisseaux qu'il les laissait à l'ancre sur un rivage uni et découvert. - avec gén. de relation ne tui quidem testimonii veritus, Cic. Att. 8, 4, 1: sans être même en souci de ton témoignage. - cf. Ter. Phorm. 971 ; Afran. Acc. d. NON. 496, 29 ; 497, 2. - impers. nihilne te populi veretur? Atta.com. 7: n'as-tu aucun souci du peuple. --- cf. pudet. [st1]3 [-] appréhender de, craindre de. - avec inf. Cic. Leg. 1, 37 ; Fam. 6, 6, 6 ; 13, 18, 2 ; Caes. BG. 5, 6. - impers. aliquem non veritum est avec inf. Cic. Fin. 2, 39, qqn n'a pas craint de. - vereri + prop. inf.: appréhender que. - cf. Plaut. Mil. 1285 ; Acc. Tr. 157. - vereri + inter. indir.: se demander avec inquiétude, avec appréhension. --- Ter. And. 176. - vereri ecquodnam curriculum sit habitura tua industria, Cic. Br. 22: se demander avec inquiétude quelle carrière aura ton activité. --- cf. Att. 7, 7, 3. - vereri ne + subj.: craindre que, craindre de. - vereor ne veniat: je crains qu'il ne vienne. - nonne verendum est ne philosophiam falsa gloria exornes? Cic. Tusc. 2: n'y a-t-il pas lieu de craindre que tu ne combles la philosophie de fausses louanges? - ne Diviciaci animum offenderet verebatur, Caes. BG. 1: il craignait de fâcher Diviciacos. - cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 70 ; 3, 70 ; de Or. 1, 231, etc. ; Caes. BG. 1, 19 ; 1, 42, etc. - verens, ne... Cic. de Or. 2, 14 ; 3, 33 ; Nat. 1, 18 ; Top. 4 ; Fam. 13, 19, e; Att. 10, 8, 5 ; 15, 21, 1. - vereor ne barbarorum rex fuerit ( Romulus), Cic. Rep. 1, 58: je crains bien que Romulus ait régné sur des barbares = il est probable que, il faut croire que. - vereor ne... non...: craindre que ne... pas. - d'ordinaire non vereor ne... non. --- Cic. Verr. 2, 118 ; 4, 82 ; Fam. 2, 1, 1; 2, 5, 2 ; Mil. 95 ; de Or. 1, 250, etc. - quid est cur verear, ne... non ? Cic. Fin. 1, 34: pourquoi craindrais-je de ne pas ? - vereri ut (= vereri... ne... non...): se demander avec crainte comment, craindre que... ne... pas... - veremur, ut hoc, quod a tam multis et quod tot locis perferatur, natura patiatur, Cic. Tusc. 2, 46: nous craignons que cette douleur, qui est supportée jusqu'au bout par tant de gens et dans tant de lieux, la nature ne puisse pas l'endurer. - veritus ut hostium impetum sustinere posset, Caes. B. G. 5, 47: se demandant avec crainte comment il pourrait soutenir le choc des ennemis (craignant de ne pas pouvoir soutenir le choc des ennemis). - cf. Cic. Tusc. 2, 46 ; de Or. 1, 35 ; Agr. 2, 58 ; Fam. 14, 14, 1; Att. 6, 4, 2; 11, 22, 1; Caes. BG. 5, 47. [st1]4 [-] remarques. - le participe passé veritus a parfois le sens du présent. - veritus, a, um: - [abcl]a - qui a craint; craignant. - [abcl]b - qui a hésité. - hic vereri perdidit, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 50: il a perdu toute honte (il a toute honte bue). - sens passif malunt metui se quam vereri, Gell.: ils aiment mieux être craints que respectés.* * *Vereor, vereris, pen. prod. veritus sum, vereri. Plaut. Craindre d'offenser, Redoubter, Avoir en reverence.\Bella vereri. Ouid. Craindre la guerre.\Conspectum patris vereri. Terent. Ne s'oser trouver devant son pere.\Pauperiem veritus. Horat. Craignant povreté.\Vereri, cum datiuo. Cic. Vos mihi veremini, ne labar ad opinionem. Vous craindez que je ne, etc. Vous craignez, etc.\Vereri nonnihil ab aliquo. Terent. Craindre qu'il ne nous face aucun mal.\Vereri de aliquo. Cic. Craindre qu'il ne nous face aucun mal.\Vereor dicere. Terent. Je n'ose dire.\- an verebamini Ne non id facerem quod recepissem semel? Terent. Aviez vous paour que, etc.\Vereor vt placari possit. Terent. Je crains qu'on ne la puisse appaiser. -
66 coepio
coepĭo, coepi, coeptum, 3 (the tempp. press. only a few times in the ante-class. period, and coepturus, Liv. 30, 5, 6; 42, 47, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 46; Plin. 16, 25, 41, § 98; Suet. Calig. 46; the tempp. perff., both in act. and pass. form, very freq.;I.a trisyl. coëpit,
Lucr. 4, 619 Lachm. N. cr.), v. a. and n. [contr. from co-ăpio = apo; hence coapias for coepias in Cod. Ambros.; Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 46; v. in the foll., and cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 248], lit. to lay hold of something on different sides, to lay hold of; hence of an action, to begin, commence, undertake ( = incipio, which is the class. pres.).Act.1.Tempp. press.: coepiam seditiosa verba loqui, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 59, 10 Müll. lubido extemplo coepere est convivium, Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 41:2.mage si exigere coepias,
id. Trin. 4, 3, 46 Ritschl N. cr.:neque pugnas neque ego lites coepio,
id. Men. 5, 5, 57:ubi nihil habeat, alium quaestum coepiat,
id. Truc. 2, 1, 23: mane coepiam, Caecil. ap. Non. p. 89, 17: non Prius olfecissem, quam ille quicquam coeperet, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 43 Fleck.; cf.Neue, Formenl. 2, 616: se Hasdrubalem adgressurum, ceterum non ante coepturum, quam, etc.,
Liv. 30, 5, 6:nos rite coepturi ab Homero videmur,
Quint. 10, 1, 46:nemine opinante quidnam coepturus esset,
Suet. Calig. 46.—Tempp. perff. act.; the object usu. an inf.; so always in Cic. and Cæs.; mostly an inf. act.; rarely pass.; sometimes the acc. of a noun or pronoun.(α).With inf. act.:(β).cum ver esse coeperat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 27; Ov. A. A. 1, 615 sq.:discere coepit, Enn. Ann. ap. Fest. s. v. sam, p. 325, 24 Müll. (v. 228 Vahl.): amare coepi,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 20:oppugnare,
Caes. B. G. 2, 6:ire foras coeperunt,
Lucr. 4, 531:coeperit inter se vesci, etc.,
id. 5, 72 et saep.—With inf. pass. (in the poets and histt.):(γ).per terrarum orbem fruges coepisse creari,
Lucr. 2, 614:alia hujuscemodi fieri coepere,
Sall. C. 51, 40:cum Lacedaemoniis pugnari coepit,
Nep. Epam. 10, 3; so,urbanus haberi,
Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 27:verti,
id. ib. 2, 1, 149:institui,
id. A. P. 21:moveri,
Ov. M. 3, 106; Suet. Tib. 75:expleri,
id. Caes. 26:eligi,
Tac. H. 1, 16:occidi,
id. ib. 3, 34:prohiberi,
Just. 14, 5, 9: coeptum est fieri, Auct. B. Afr. 69; 78; Liv. 24, 49, 4; 25, 34, 13; 27, 42, 5.—With acc. (rare in prose; cf. B. infra): coepit cursum, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:(δ).novam mapalibus urbem,
Sil. 15, 420:cur non ego id perpetrem, quod coepi?
Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 57:si quicquam hodie hic turbae coeperis,
Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 30:quae coeperamus,
Quint. 6, prooem. 15:hujuscemodi orationem,
Tac. A. 4. 37:(Sabinus) obsidium coepit per praesidia,
id. ib. 4, 39.—Absol.:(ε).nam primum... Non coepisse fuit: coepta expugnare secundum est,
Ov. M. 9, 619:dimidium facti, qui coepit, habet,
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 40:Titus Livius hexametri exordio coepit,
Quint. 9, 4, 74; cf. id. 9, 4, 117:si coepisset a toto corpore,
id. 9, 4, 23; cf. id. 7, 1, 2; 8, 6, 50:pro vallo castrorum ita coepit (sc. dicere),
Tac. H. 1, 36:Civilis ita coepit,
id. ib. 5, 26; id. A. 1, 41; 2, 37.—With an ellipsis for dicere coepi, to begin to speak:B.ita coepit tyrannus,
Liv. 34, 31, 1; 39, 15, 2:coram data copia fandi, Maximus Ilioneus placido sic pectore coepit,
Verg. A. 1, 521; 6, 372:tum ita coepit: numquam mihi, etc.,
Liv. 28, 27, 1; Tac. A. 1, 41 fin.:ad hunc modum coepit,
id. ib. 2, 37; id. H. 1, 36 fin.; Phaedr. 4, 23, 2.—Pass. in the tempp. perff. and with the inf. pass. (cf. Zumpt, Gram, §II.221): jure coepta appellari est Canis,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 18:ante petitam esse pecuniam, quam esset coepta deberi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 37, 168; id. Div. 2, 2, 7; id. Brut. 67, 236; 88, 301; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 209; 2, 5, 4, § 9; id. Fam. 13, 29, 1; id. Att. 3, 15, 5; 6, 1, 3; Liv. 1, 57, 3; 2, 1, 4; 3, 38, 2;9, 7, 7: quae (res) inter eos agi coeptae, neque perfectae essent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 47; 4, 18:bello premi sunt coepti,
Nep. Timoth. 3, 1; Cat. 95, 2.—With inf. act.:mitescere discordiae intestinae coeptae,
Liv. 5, 17, 10; cf. Weissenb. ad loc.— Hence, coeptus, a, um, Part., begun, commenced, undertaken. consilium fraude coeptum, Liv. 35, 36, 5:coeptum atque patratum bellum foret,
Sall. J. 21, 2:jussis Carmina coepta tuis,
Verg. E. 8, 12; so,coepti fiducia belli,
id. A. 2, 162; Liv. 35, 23, 1:amor,
Ov. H. 17, 189:iter,
id. F. 1, 188:arma,
Tac. H. 2, 6; 4, 61:coeptam deinde omissam actionem repetere,
id. ib. 4,44:dies,
id. A. 4, 25 (cf. infra II.):luce,
id. ib. 1, 65;15, 55: nocte,
id. ib. 2, 13:hieme,
id. ib. 12, 31. —Hence, subst.: coeptum, i, n., a work begun, a beginning, undertaking (most freq. after the Aug. per. and in the plur.; perh. never in Cic.;also not in Hor.): ut repetam coeptum pertexere dictis,
Lucr. 1, 418:nec taedia coepti Ulla mei capiam,
Ov. M. 9, 616:coepti paenitentia,
Quint. 12, 5, 3; Suet. Oth. 5:manus ultima coepto Defuit,
Ov. Tr. 2, 555: ne audaci coepto deessent; Liv. 42, 59, 7; cf. Verg. G. 1, 40:feroci,
Sil. 11, 202.—With adv.:bene coepto,
Liv. 45, 15, 7:bene coepta,
Vell. 2, 14; and:temere coepta,
Liv. 36, 15, 2.— Plur.:coeptis meis,
Ov. M. 1, 2:nostris,
id. ib. 9, 486:immanibus,
Verg. A. 4, 642 al. —Without adj., Ov. M. 8, 67; 8, 463; Liv. 23, 35, 16; 23, 41, 4; 24, 13, 4; Tac. H. 2, 85; 3, 52; Suet. Ner. 34; id. Vesp. 6 et saep.—Neutr., to begin, take a beginning, commence, originate, arise (most freq. since the Aug. per.; not in Cic.): neve inde navis incohandae exordium coepisset, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34 (Trag. Rel. v. 282 Vahl.):sic odium coepit glandis,
Lucr. 5, 1416:post, ubi silentium coepit... verba facit, etc.,
Sall. J. 33, 4:cum primum deditio coepit,
id. ib. 62, 7:ubi dies coepit,
id. ib. 91, 4 (cf. supra, I. 2. d):vere coepturo,
Plin. 16, 25, 41, § 98:postquam apud Cadmiam pugna coepit,
Nep. Epam. 10, 3; so,pugna,
Liv. 2, 6, 10; Quint. 2, 4, 42; 9, 4, 50; cf. id. 9, 4, 55:quando coeperit haec ars,
id. 2, 17, 8:obsidium coepit per praesidia,
Tac. A. 4, 49:a quo jurgium coepit,
Quint. 5, 10, 72; so with ab, Tac. H. 2, 47; and with ex, id. A. 15, 54 and 68; cf.:quibus, uti mihi, ex virtute nobilitas coepit,
Sall. J. 85, 17. -
67 laetus
1.laetus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root prī-, to cheer; prētis, joy, love; cf. Gr. praüs, praios; Germ. Friede, Freude; cf. also Latin gentile name, Plaetorius], joyful, cheerful, glad, gay, joyous, rejoicing, pleased, delighted, full of joy.I.Lit., constr. absol., with de, the gen., the inf., or acc. and inf.(α).Absol.:(β).laeti atque erecti,
Cic. Font. 11, 33:alacres laetique,
id. Sest. 1, 1:vultus,
id. Att. 8, 9, 2:dies laetissimi,
id. Lael. 3, 12.—In neutr. plur. as subst.:litterae tuae partim laeta partim tristia continent,
Plin. Ep. 5, 9, 1.—With de:(γ).laetus est de amica,
Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 45.—With gen.:(δ).laetus animi et ingenii,
Vell. 2, 93, 1; Tac. A. 2, 26:laborum,
Verg. A. 11, 73:irae,
Sil. 17, 308.—With inf.:(ε).laetus uterque Spectari superis,
Sil. 9, 453.—With acc. and inf.:II.laetus sum, fratri obtigisse quod volt,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 1:laeta est abs te (donum) datum esse,
id. Eun. 3, 1, 2.—Transf.A.Doing a thing with joy, cheerful, ready, willing:B. (α).senatus supplementum etiam laetus decreverat,
Sall. J. 84, 3:descendere regno,
Stat. Th. 2, 396:fatebere laetus nec surdum esse, etc.,
Juv. 13, 248.—With abl.:(β).et laetum equino sanguine Concanum,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 34:laetus stridore catenae,
Juv. 14, 23:plantaribus horti,
id. 13, 123.—With inf.:C.et ferro vivere laetum Vulgus,
Sil. 9, 223.—Pleased, satisfied with any thing; delighting in; with abl.:D.classis Romana haudquaquam laeta praedā rediit,
Liv. 27, 31:contentus modicis, meoque laetus,
Mart. 4, 77, 2.—With gen.:laeta laborum,
Verg. A. 11, 73:laetissimus viae,
indulging to the full, Sil. 17, 308.—Pleasing, pleasant, grateful:E.omnia erant facta hoc biduo laetiora,
Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:laetique nuntii vulgabantur,
Tac. A. 1, 5:vitium laetissimi fructus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:virtus haud laeta tyranno,
Val. Fl. 1, 30:militibus id nomen,
Tac. H. 4, 68.—Favorable, propitious, prosperous:F.venti,
Val. Fl. 4, 31:sors,
id. 4, 540:bellum,
Sil. 10, 552; Plaut. Am. prol. 2:saecula,
Verg. A. 1, 605:exta,
Suet. Caes. 77:cujus (proelii) initium ambiguum, finis laetior,
Tac. A. 12, 40.—Fortunate, auspicious, lucky:G.prodigium,
Plin. 11, 37, 77, § 197:augurium,
Tac. H. 1, 62:laeta et congruentia exta,
id. ib. 2, 4:omina,
Petr. 122.—Joyous in appearance, delightful, pleasing, beautiful:2.vite quid potest esse cum fructu laetius, tum aspectu pulchrius?
Cic. de Sen. 15, 53:segetes,
Verg. G. 1, 1:lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine,
id. A. 1, 275:ferarum exuviis,
Ov. M. 1, 475:indoles,
Quint. 2, 4, 4:colles frondibus laeti,
Curt. 5, 4, 9.—In partic., in econom. lang., fertile, rich, of soil:3.ager,
Varr. R. R. 1, 23:laeta Clitumni pascua,
Juv. 12, 13.—Of cattle, fat:glande sues laeti redeunt,
Verg. G. 2, 520.—Abundant, copious:H.laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis,
Verg. G. 3, 310; 3, 494:lucus laetissimus umbrae,
id. A. 1, 441.—Of style, etc., rich, copious, agreeable:nitidum quoddam genus est verborum et laetum,
Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 81.—Of the author:(Homerus) laetus ac pressus,
Quint. 10, 1, 46.—Pleasant, agreeable:1.dicendi genus tenue laetioribus numeris corrumpere,
Quint. 9, 4, 17.—In neutr. sing., adverbially:laetumque rubet,
with joy, with pleasure, Stat. Ach. 1, 323.— Hence, adv.: laetē, joyfully, gladly, cheerfully.Lit. (class.):2.auctorem senatus exstinctum laete atque insolenter tulit,
Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 7:laete an severe dicere,
Quint. 8, 3, 40.— Comp., Vell. 2, 45, 3:neque refert cujusquam Punicas Romanasve acies laetius extuleris,
more eagerly, Tac. A. 4, 33:aliquid ausi laetius aut licentius,
Quint. 2, 4, 14.— Sup.:laetissime gaudere,
Gell. 3, 15, 2.—Transf., fruitfully, abundantly, luxuriantly:3.seges laete virens,
Plin. 33, 5, 27, § 89.— Comp.:truncus laetius frondet,
more fruitfully, more luxuriantly, Col. 5, 9, 10; cf. Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 130.—Lightly, not severely, without seriousness:2.si quis putet nos laetius fecisse quam orationis severitas exigat,
Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 6.laetus, i, m., in late Lat., a foreign bondman who received a piece of land to cultivate, for which he paid tribute to his master, a serf, Amm. 20, 8, 13; Eum. Pan. 21, 1.—Hence,A.laeta, ōrum, n., the land so cultivated, Cod. Th. 7, 20, 10.—B. -
68 licet
lĭcet, cŭit and cĭtum est, 2 (old form, licessit for licuerit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 13; imp. liceto, Lex ap. Inscr. Grut. 202, 508 al.), v. n. and impers. [root lic-; Gr. lip-; v. 1. liceo], it is lawful, it is allowed or permitted; one may or can, one is at liberty to do so and so; constr. with neutr. of the demonstr. or rel. pron., with inf. or a subject-clause, with or without a dat., or dat. and inf., with ut or (more freq.) with the simple subj., or entirely absol.(α).With neutr. of the demonstr. or rel. pron. as a subject, with or without a dat.:(β).licere id dicimus, quod legibus, quod more majorum institutisque conceditur. Neque enim quod quisque potest, id ei licet,
Cic. Phil. 13, 6, 14:cui facile persuasi, mihi id, quod rogaret, ne licere quidem, non modo non lubere,
id. Att. 14, 19, 4:quid deceat vos, non quantum liceat vobis, spectare debetis,
id. Rab. Post. 5, 11; cf.:si hominibus tantum licere judicas, quantum possunt: vide, ne, etc.,
id. Phil. 13, 7, 15:si illud non licet, Saltem hoc licebit,
Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 12: neque idem ubique aut licet aut decorum est, Quint. 5, 10, 40:quod in foro non expedit, illic nec liceat,
id. 9, 2, 67:sin et poterit Naevius id quod lubet et ei lubebit, quod non licet, quid agendum est?
Cic. Quint. 30, 94:nihil, quod per leges liceret,
id. Mil. 16, 43:cui tantum de te licuit?
Verg. A. 6, 502; Anthol. Lat. 1, 172, 150:cui tantum fata licere In generum voluere tuum,
Luc. 9, 1025; cf.:tantumque licere horruit,
Sil. 14, 670.—Rarely in plur.:cum in servum omnia liceant, est, etc.,
Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2.—With inf. or a subject-clause, with or without a dat.: neque terram inicere, neque cruenta Convestire corpora mihi licuit, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 168 Vahl.):(γ).licet nemini contra patriam ducere exercitum,
Cic. Phil. 13, 6, 14:ut tibi id facere liceat,
id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:M. Catoni licuit Tusculi se in otio delectare,
id. ib. 1, 1, 1:sceleris crimine liceat Cn. Pompeio mortuo, liceat multis aliis carere,
id. Lig. 6, 18; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 3; Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5:quaerere, qui licuerit aedificare navem senatori,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 18, § 45:meamet facta mihi dicere licet,
Sall. J. 85, 24.—Without a dat.:introire in aedes numquam licitum est,
Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 70:impune optare istuc licet,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 14:modo liceat vivere,
id. Heaut. 5, 2, 28:licetne scire ex te?
id. Hec. 5, 4, 33:hic subitam rerum commutationem videre licuit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 27, 1; 3, 96, 4:si facere omnino non licebit,
Cic. Phil. 13, 6, 14:licet ora ipsa cernere iratorum,
id. Off. 1, 29, 102; cf. id. Div. 1, 41, 91:licet hoc videre,
id. de Or. 3, 25, 99; id. Div. 1, 7, 13; id. Inv. 1, 15, 21; 2, 23, 71; 2, 9, 29:veretur ne non liceat tenere hereditatem,
id. Att. 13, 48, 1:licetne extra ordinem in provocantem hostem pugnare?
Liv. 23, 47, 1:poscere ut perculsis instare liceat,
id. 2, 65, 2. —With inf. pass. (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 660 sq.):intellegi jam licet, nullum fore imperium,
Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:idque e pontificio jure intellegi licet,
id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27; cf.:his cognosci licuit, quantum, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 3, 28; Cic. Off. 1, 7, 20:evocari ex insula Cyprios non licet,
id. Att. 5, 21, 6:in senatu dici nihil liceat,
id. ib. 3, 12, 1:coöptari sacerdotem licebat,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 9:in eum ordinem coöptari licet,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 120:id primum in poëtis cerni licet,
id. de Or. 3, 7, 27; id. Ac. 1, 4, 17.—The noun of the subject-clause is regularly in the acc.:licet me id scire quid sit?
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 14:non licet hominem esse, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 53:si licet me latere,
id. ib. 4, 2, 5:hocine me miserum non licere meo modo ingenium frui!
id. ib. 2, 4, 21; cf.:eodem ut jure uti senem Liceat, id. Hec. prol. alt. 3: non licet me isto tanto bono uti,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 59, § 154:cum non liceret Romae quemquam esse, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 2, 41, §100: ex eis locis, in quibus te habere nihil licet,
id. ib. 2, 5, 18, §45: quare licet etiam mortalem esse animum judicantem aeterna moliri,
id. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:cur his per te frui libertate sua, cur denique esse liberos non licet?
id. Fl. 29, 71 B. and K. (al. liberis; v. infra).—So with esse:liceat esse miseros,
Cic. Lig. 6, 18; cf.:medios esse jam non licebit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 4; id. Tusc. 5, 15, 44; 1, 38, 91 Klotz N. cr.; also with fieri:ut eum liceat ante tempus consulem fieri,
Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:ut jam liceat una comprehensione omnia complecti non dubitantemque dicere, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 26:haec praescripta servantem licet magnifice vivere,
id. Off. 1, 26, 92:licet tamen opera prodesse multis, beneficia petentem, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 19, 67.—So with acc. with a subject-inf., esse or fieri, even when licet is accompanied by the dat.:si civi Romano licet esse Gaditanum,
Cic. Balb. 12, 29:potest incidere quaestio, An huic esse procuratorem liceat?
Quint. 7, 1, 19:procuratorem tibi esse non licuit,
id. 4, 4, 6 Zumpt N. cr.:mihi non licet esse piam,
Ov. H. 14, 64: is erat annus, quo per leges ei consulem fieri liceret Caes. B. C. 3, 1 Oud. N. cr. —But more freq., in this case, there is an attraction of the predicate-noun to the dative dependent on licet.—Hence,Licet alicui with inf., esp. with esse:(δ).per hanc tibi cenam incenato esse hodie licet,
Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 31:per hanc curam quieto tibi licet esse,
id. Ep. 3, 2, 2:licuit esse otioso Themistocli,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 33; cf.:ut tibi abesse liceat, et esse otioso,
id. Att. 9, 2, A, 1: quare [p. 1063] judici mihi non esse liceat, id. Rab. Post. 7, 17:ut iis ingratis esse non liceat,
id. Off. 2, 18, 63:quo in genere mihi neglegenti esse non licet,
id. Att. 1, 17, 6:cur iis per te frui libertate sua, cur denique esse liberis non licet?
id. Fl. 29, 71 (B. and K. liberos; v. supra):quibus otiosis ne in communi quidem otio liceat esse,
id. Cael. 1, 1:quibus licet jam esse fortunatissimis,
Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 8:illis timidis et ignavis licet esse,
Liv. 21, 44, 3.—With other verbs than esse:ut sibi per te liceat innocenti vitam in egestate degere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144:cum postulasset... ut sibi triumphanti urbem invehi liceret,
Liv. 38, 44 fin. —Very rarely, in this construction, the dative with licet is wanting, and is to be supplied from the connection: atqui licet esse beatis (sc. iis),
Hor. S. 1, 1, 19:licet eminus esse Fortibus,
Ov. M. 8, 405:Hannibal precatur deos ut incolumi cedere atque abire liceat,
Liv. 26, 41, 16:sibi vitam filiae suā cariorem fuisse, si liberae ac pudicae vivere licitum fuisset,
id. 3, 50, 6. Cf. on this and the preced. construction, Krüger, Untersuchungen, vol. iii. p. 359 sq.; Ruddim. 2, p. 15; Zumpt, Gram. § 601; Madv. Gram. § 393, c. and obs. 1.—With ut, and more freq. with the simple subj.:(ε).neque jam mihi licet neque est integrum, ut, etc.,
Cic. Mur. 4, 8:facto nunc laedat licet,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 53:mea quidem causa salvos sis licet,
id. Rud. 1, 2, 51:ludas licet,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 33:fremant omnes licet,
Cic. de Or. 1, 44, 195:sed omnia licet concurrant,
id. Att. 14, 4, 2:ex qua licet pauca degustes,
id. ib. 1, 16, 8:vel ipsi hoc dicas licet,
id. ib. 5, 1, 4:quamvis licet insectemur istos, metuo ne soli philosophi sint,
id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53; cf. id. Leg. 3, 10, 24; id. N. D. 3, 36, 88:sequatur Hermagoram licebit,
id. Inv. 1, 51, 97; id. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:sis pecore et multa dives tellure licebit,
Hor. Epod. 15, 19:detrahat auctori multum fortuna licebit,
Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 3; Verg. A. 6, 400. Cf. also under II. a.—As a v. impers. absol., with or without dat.:II.immo, aliis si licet, tibi non licet,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 15, 49:cum licitum est ei,
id. And. 2, 6, 12:nec crederem mihi impunius Licere,
id. Heaut. 3, 2, 50:quod profecto faciam, si mihi per ejusdem amicitiam licebit,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 3: Ph. Sed quaeso, hominem ut jubeas arcessi. He. Licet, that may be or may be done, I have no objection, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 29:si per vos licet,
id. As. prol. 12:id quod postea, si per vos, judices, licitum erit, aperietur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 127:dum per aetatem licet,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 28:fruare, dum licet,
id. Heaut. 2, 3, 104; cf.:dum licet, loquimini mecum,
id. Phorm. 3, 3, 16:sic ut quimus, aiunt, quando, ut volumus, non licet,
id. And. 4, 5, 10:ut id, quoad posset, quod fas esset, quoad liceret, populi ad partes daret,
Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 19.Transf. When licet introduces a subordinate proposition, which makes a concession, without abandoning the main proposition, it is used as a conjunction corresponding to quamvis, quamquam, etsi. In late Latin it is, like these, connected with the indicative, and in the class. per. it is not unfreq. opposed to tamen and certe in the main proposition; even if, although, notwithstanding.A.With subj. (class.):B.quoniam quidem semel suscepi, licet hercules undique omnes mihi minae et terrores periculaque impendeant omnia, succurram atque subibo,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:improbitas, licet adversario molesta sit, judici invisa est,
Quint. 6, 4, 15: in comoedia maxime claudamus: licet Varro Musas Plautino dicat sermone locuturas fuisse, si Latine loqui vellent;licet, etc.,
id. 10, 1, 99:vita brevis est, licet supra mille annos exeat,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 6:licet ingens janitor... exsanguis terreat umbras,
Verg. A. 6, 400. —With part. for subj.:isque, licet caeli regione remotos, mente deos adiit,
Ov. M. 15, 62.—With a corresp. tamen:licet laudem Fortunam, tamen, ut ne Salutem culpem,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 28:licet saepius tibi hujus generis litteras mittam... sed tamen, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 27, 1:licet tibi significarim, ut ad me venires, tamen, etc.,
id. Att. 3, 12, 3; Quint. 2, 2, 8; 8, 3, 69:licet ergo non sint confirmati testamento, a me tamen, ut confirmati, observabuntur,
Plin. Ep. 2, 16, 3; Quint. 7 praef. § 2: constet illi licet fides et benevolentia, tranquillitas tamen, etc., Sen. Tranq. Anim. 7, 6.—With ellips. of subj.:immatura licet, tamen huc non noxia veni (sc. venias),
Prop. 5, 11, 17.—With a corresp. certe:licet enim haec quivis arbitratu suo reprehendat... certe levior reprehensio est,
Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 102.—With indic. (post-class.):C.licet inter gesta et facta videtur quaedam esse subtilis differentia, attamen, etc.,
Dig. 50, 16, 58; 2, 15, 8, § 25:licet directae libertates deficiunt, attamen, etc.,
ib. 29, 7, 2: obduxi licet arma, sum Priapus, Poëta ap. Anth. Lat. 5, 218; Macr. S. 1, 11; App. M. 2, p. 117, 25.—As an adv. with adj. or part., although (post-class.):1.licet contumacissimum, tamen efficacissimum, etc.,
Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 8, 1:miles, licet membris vigentibus firmus, se solum circumspicit,
Amm. 14, 10, 12; 17, 12, 11; Claud. Mam. Paneg. Max. 1.—Hence,lĭcens, entis, P. a., free, unrestrained, uncurbed, bold, forward, presumptuous, licentious.A.Of persons (only poet. and in post-class. prose):B.quam audaces et quam licentes sumus qui, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 4:unde licens Fabius sacra Lupercus habet,
Prop. 4, 1, 26:turba licens, Naides improbae,
Sen. Hippol. 777.—Of inanim. and abstr. things (once in Cic.; elsewh. only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):2.licentior dithyrambus,
Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 185:hic tibi multa licet sermone licentia tecto Dicere,
Ov. A. A. 1, 569:joci,
Stat. S. 1, 6, 93:licentior epistula, Plin. N. H. prooem. § 1: imperium,
Val. Max. 6, 4, 2:vita,
id. 9, 1, 3. —Hence, adv.: lĭcenter, freely, according to one's own pleasure or fancy; and, in a bad sense, without restraint, boldly, impudently, licentiously (class.):at quam licenter!
Cic. N. D. 1, 39, 109:ut ingredi libere, non ut licenter videatur errare,
id. Or. 23, 77:Graeci licenter multa,
Quint. 1, 8, 6:aliquid facere,
Liv. 26, 10.— Comp.:(servos) licentius, liberius, familiarius cum domina vivere,
Cic. Cael. 23, 57:Romanos, remoto metu, laxius licentiusque futuros,
more remiss in their discipline, Sall. J. 87 fin.:gerere res communes,
id. ib. 108:ausi aliquid,
Quint. 2, 4, 14:si quid licentius dixerint,
id. 1, 2, 7:translata,
id. 8, 3, 37; 12, 10, 50:Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane licentius, quam ut fori severitas ferat,
id. 8, 6, 24; Tac. A. 6, 13.—lĭcĭtus, a, um, P. a., permitted, allowed, allowable, lawful ( poet. and post-Aug. for permissus, honestus):sermo,
Verg. A. 8, 468:torus,
Petr. 34, 8:acies,
Stat. Th. 11, 123:negotiatio,
Dig. 37, 14, 2:contractus,
ib. 50, 14, 3.—In plur. as subst.: lĭcĭta, ōrum, n., things that are lawful:ipse per licita atque illicita foedatus,
Tac. A. 15, 37.—Hence, adv., in two forms: lĭcĭtē and lĭcĭtō, rightfully, lawfully (post-class. for juste, honeste, legitime).—Form licite, Dig. 30, 114, § 5.—Form licito,
Sol. 11, 8; Cod. Th. 11, 8, 3. -
69 licita
lĭcet, cŭit and cĭtum est, 2 (old form, licessit for licuerit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 13; imp. liceto, Lex ap. Inscr. Grut. 202, 508 al.), v. n. and impers. [root lic-; Gr. lip-; v. 1. liceo], it is lawful, it is allowed or permitted; one may or can, one is at liberty to do so and so; constr. with neutr. of the demonstr. or rel. pron., with inf. or a subject-clause, with or without a dat., or dat. and inf., with ut or (more freq.) with the simple subj., or entirely absol.(α).With neutr. of the demonstr. or rel. pron. as a subject, with or without a dat.:(β).licere id dicimus, quod legibus, quod more majorum institutisque conceditur. Neque enim quod quisque potest, id ei licet,
Cic. Phil. 13, 6, 14:cui facile persuasi, mihi id, quod rogaret, ne licere quidem, non modo non lubere,
id. Att. 14, 19, 4:quid deceat vos, non quantum liceat vobis, spectare debetis,
id. Rab. Post. 5, 11; cf.:si hominibus tantum licere judicas, quantum possunt: vide, ne, etc.,
id. Phil. 13, 7, 15:si illud non licet, Saltem hoc licebit,
Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 12: neque idem ubique aut licet aut decorum est, Quint. 5, 10, 40:quod in foro non expedit, illic nec liceat,
id. 9, 2, 67:sin et poterit Naevius id quod lubet et ei lubebit, quod non licet, quid agendum est?
Cic. Quint. 30, 94:nihil, quod per leges liceret,
id. Mil. 16, 43:cui tantum de te licuit?
Verg. A. 6, 502; Anthol. Lat. 1, 172, 150:cui tantum fata licere In generum voluere tuum,
Luc. 9, 1025; cf.:tantumque licere horruit,
Sil. 14, 670.—Rarely in plur.:cum in servum omnia liceant, est, etc.,
Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2.—With inf. or a subject-clause, with or without a dat.: neque terram inicere, neque cruenta Convestire corpora mihi licuit, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 168 Vahl.):(γ).licet nemini contra patriam ducere exercitum,
Cic. Phil. 13, 6, 14:ut tibi id facere liceat,
id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:M. Catoni licuit Tusculi se in otio delectare,
id. ib. 1, 1, 1:sceleris crimine liceat Cn. Pompeio mortuo, liceat multis aliis carere,
id. Lig. 6, 18; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 3; Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5:quaerere, qui licuerit aedificare navem senatori,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 18, § 45:meamet facta mihi dicere licet,
Sall. J. 85, 24.—Without a dat.:introire in aedes numquam licitum est,
Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 70:impune optare istuc licet,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 14:modo liceat vivere,
id. Heaut. 5, 2, 28:licetne scire ex te?
id. Hec. 5, 4, 33:hic subitam rerum commutationem videre licuit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 27, 1; 3, 96, 4:si facere omnino non licebit,
Cic. Phil. 13, 6, 14:licet ora ipsa cernere iratorum,
id. Off. 1, 29, 102; cf. id. Div. 1, 41, 91:licet hoc videre,
id. de Or. 3, 25, 99; id. Div. 1, 7, 13; id. Inv. 1, 15, 21; 2, 23, 71; 2, 9, 29:veretur ne non liceat tenere hereditatem,
id. Att. 13, 48, 1:licetne extra ordinem in provocantem hostem pugnare?
Liv. 23, 47, 1:poscere ut perculsis instare liceat,
id. 2, 65, 2. —With inf. pass. (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 660 sq.):intellegi jam licet, nullum fore imperium,
Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:idque e pontificio jure intellegi licet,
id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27; cf.:his cognosci licuit, quantum, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 3, 28; Cic. Off. 1, 7, 20:evocari ex insula Cyprios non licet,
id. Att. 5, 21, 6:in senatu dici nihil liceat,
id. ib. 3, 12, 1:coöptari sacerdotem licebat,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 9:in eum ordinem coöptari licet,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 120:id primum in poëtis cerni licet,
id. de Or. 3, 7, 27; id. Ac. 1, 4, 17.—The noun of the subject-clause is regularly in the acc.:licet me id scire quid sit?
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 14:non licet hominem esse, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 53:si licet me latere,
id. ib. 4, 2, 5:hocine me miserum non licere meo modo ingenium frui!
id. ib. 2, 4, 21; cf.:eodem ut jure uti senem Liceat, id. Hec. prol. alt. 3: non licet me isto tanto bono uti,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 59, § 154:cum non liceret Romae quemquam esse, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 2, 41, §100: ex eis locis, in quibus te habere nihil licet,
id. ib. 2, 5, 18, §45: quare licet etiam mortalem esse animum judicantem aeterna moliri,
id. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:cur his per te frui libertate sua, cur denique esse liberos non licet?
id. Fl. 29, 71 B. and K. (al. liberis; v. infra).—So with esse:liceat esse miseros,
Cic. Lig. 6, 18; cf.:medios esse jam non licebit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 4; id. Tusc. 5, 15, 44; 1, 38, 91 Klotz N. cr.; also with fieri:ut eum liceat ante tempus consulem fieri,
Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:ut jam liceat una comprehensione omnia complecti non dubitantemque dicere, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 26:haec praescripta servantem licet magnifice vivere,
id. Off. 1, 26, 92:licet tamen opera prodesse multis, beneficia petentem, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 19, 67.—So with acc. with a subject-inf., esse or fieri, even when licet is accompanied by the dat.:si civi Romano licet esse Gaditanum,
Cic. Balb. 12, 29:potest incidere quaestio, An huic esse procuratorem liceat?
Quint. 7, 1, 19:procuratorem tibi esse non licuit,
id. 4, 4, 6 Zumpt N. cr.:mihi non licet esse piam,
Ov. H. 14, 64: is erat annus, quo per leges ei consulem fieri liceret Caes. B. C. 3, 1 Oud. N. cr. —But more freq., in this case, there is an attraction of the predicate-noun to the dative dependent on licet.—Hence,Licet alicui with inf., esp. with esse:(δ).per hanc tibi cenam incenato esse hodie licet,
Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 31:per hanc curam quieto tibi licet esse,
id. Ep. 3, 2, 2:licuit esse otioso Themistocli,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 33; cf.:ut tibi abesse liceat, et esse otioso,
id. Att. 9, 2, A, 1: quare [p. 1063] judici mihi non esse liceat, id. Rab. Post. 7, 17:ut iis ingratis esse non liceat,
id. Off. 2, 18, 63:quo in genere mihi neglegenti esse non licet,
id. Att. 1, 17, 6:cur iis per te frui libertate sua, cur denique esse liberis non licet?
id. Fl. 29, 71 (B. and K. liberos; v. supra):quibus otiosis ne in communi quidem otio liceat esse,
id. Cael. 1, 1:quibus licet jam esse fortunatissimis,
Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 8:illis timidis et ignavis licet esse,
Liv. 21, 44, 3.—With other verbs than esse:ut sibi per te liceat innocenti vitam in egestate degere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144:cum postulasset... ut sibi triumphanti urbem invehi liceret,
Liv. 38, 44 fin. —Very rarely, in this construction, the dative with licet is wanting, and is to be supplied from the connection: atqui licet esse beatis (sc. iis),
Hor. S. 1, 1, 19:licet eminus esse Fortibus,
Ov. M. 8, 405:Hannibal precatur deos ut incolumi cedere atque abire liceat,
Liv. 26, 41, 16:sibi vitam filiae suā cariorem fuisse, si liberae ac pudicae vivere licitum fuisset,
id. 3, 50, 6. Cf. on this and the preced. construction, Krüger, Untersuchungen, vol. iii. p. 359 sq.; Ruddim. 2, p. 15; Zumpt, Gram. § 601; Madv. Gram. § 393, c. and obs. 1.—With ut, and more freq. with the simple subj.:(ε).neque jam mihi licet neque est integrum, ut, etc.,
Cic. Mur. 4, 8:facto nunc laedat licet,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 53:mea quidem causa salvos sis licet,
id. Rud. 1, 2, 51:ludas licet,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 33:fremant omnes licet,
Cic. de Or. 1, 44, 195:sed omnia licet concurrant,
id. Att. 14, 4, 2:ex qua licet pauca degustes,
id. ib. 1, 16, 8:vel ipsi hoc dicas licet,
id. ib. 5, 1, 4:quamvis licet insectemur istos, metuo ne soli philosophi sint,
id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53; cf. id. Leg. 3, 10, 24; id. N. D. 3, 36, 88:sequatur Hermagoram licebit,
id. Inv. 1, 51, 97; id. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:sis pecore et multa dives tellure licebit,
Hor. Epod. 15, 19:detrahat auctori multum fortuna licebit,
Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 3; Verg. A. 6, 400. Cf. also under II. a.—As a v. impers. absol., with or without dat.:II.immo, aliis si licet, tibi non licet,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 15, 49:cum licitum est ei,
id. And. 2, 6, 12:nec crederem mihi impunius Licere,
id. Heaut. 3, 2, 50:quod profecto faciam, si mihi per ejusdem amicitiam licebit,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 3: Ph. Sed quaeso, hominem ut jubeas arcessi. He. Licet, that may be or may be done, I have no objection, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 29:si per vos licet,
id. As. prol. 12:id quod postea, si per vos, judices, licitum erit, aperietur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 127:dum per aetatem licet,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 28:fruare, dum licet,
id. Heaut. 2, 3, 104; cf.:dum licet, loquimini mecum,
id. Phorm. 3, 3, 16:sic ut quimus, aiunt, quando, ut volumus, non licet,
id. And. 4, 5, 10:ut id, quoad posset, quod fas esset, quoad liceret, populi ad partes daret,
Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 19.Transf. When licet introduces a subordinate proposition, which makes a concession, without abandoning the main proposition, it is used as a conjunction corresponding to quamvis, quamquam, etsi. In late Latin it is, like these, connected with the indicative, and in the class. per. it is not unfreq. opposed to tamen and certe in the main proposition; even if, although, notwithstanding.A.With subj. (class.):B.quoniam quidem semel suscepi, licet hercules undique omnes mihi minae et terrores periculaque impendeant omnia, succurram atque subibo,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:improbitas, licet adversario molesta sit, judici invisa est,
Quint. 6, 4, 15: in comoedia maxime claudamus: licet Varro Musas Plautino dicat sermone locuturas fuisse, si Latine loqui vellent;licet, etc.,
id. 10, 1, 99:vita brevis est, licet supra mille annos exeat,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 6:licet ingens janitor... exsanguis terreat umbras,
Verg. A. 6, 400. —With part. for subj.:isque, licet caeli regione remotos, mente deos adiit,
Ov. M. 15, 62.—With a corresp. tamen:licet laudem Fortunam, tamen, ut ne Salutem culpem,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 28:licet saepius tibi hujus generis litteras mittam... sed tamen, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 27, 1:licet tibi significarim, ut ad me venires, tamen, etc.,
id. Att. 3, 12, 3; Quint. 2, 2, 8; 8, 3, 69:licet ergo non sint confirmati testamento, a me tamen, ut confirmati, observabuntur,
Plin. Ep. 2, 16, 3; Quint. 7 praef. § 2: constet illi licet fides et benevolentia, tranquillitas tamen, etc., Sen. Tranq. Anim. 7, 6.—With ellips. of subj.:immatura licet, tamen huc non noxia veni (sc. venias),
Prop. 5, 11, 17.—With a corresp. certe:licet enim haec quivis arbitratu suo reprehendat... certe levior reprehensio est,
Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 102.—With indic. (post-class.):C.licet inter gesta et facta videtur quaedam esse subtilis differentia, attamen, etc.,
Dig. 50, 16, 58; 2, 15, 8, § 25:licet directae libertates deficiunt, attamen, etc.,
ib. 29, 7, 2: obduxi licet arma, sum Priapus, Poëta ap. Anth. Lat. 5, 218; Macr. S. 1, 11; App. M. 2, p. 117, 25.—As an adv. with adj. or part., although (post-class.):1.licet contumacissimum, tamen efficacissimum, etc.,
Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 8, 1:miles, licet membris vigentibus firmus, se solum circumspicit,
Amm. 14, 10, 12; 17, 12, 11; Claud. Mam. Paneg. Max. 1.—Hence,lĭcens, entis, P. a., free, unrestrained, uncurbed, bold, forward, presumptuous, licentious.A.Of persons (only poet. and in post-class. prose):B.quam audaces et quam licentes sumus qui, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 4:unde licens Fabius sacra Lupercus habet,
Prop. 4, 1, 26:turba licens, Naides improbae,
Sen. Hippol. 777.—Of inanim. and abstr. things (once in Cic.; elsewh. only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):2.licentior dithyrambus,
Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 185:hic tibi multa licet sermone licentia tecto Dicere,
Ov. A. A. 1, 569:joci,
Stat. S. 1, 6, 93:licentior epistula, Plin. N. H. prooem. § 1: imperium,
Val. Max. 6, 4, 2:vita,
id. 9, 1, 3. —Hence, adv.: lĭcenter, freely, according to one's own pleasure or fancy; and, in a bad sense, without restraint, boldly, impudently, licentiously (class.):at quam licenter!
Cic. N. D. 1, 39, 109:ut ingredi libere, non ut licenter videatur errare,
id. Or. 23, 77:Graeci licenter multa,
Quint. 1, 8, 6:aliquid facere,
Liv. 26, 10.— Comp.:(servos) licentius, liberius, familiarius cum domina vivere,
Cic. Cael. 23, 57:Romanos, remoto metu, laxius licentiusque futuros,
more remiss in their discipline, Sall. J. 87 fin.:gerere res communes,
id. ib. 108:ausi aliquid,
Quint. 2, 4, 14:si quid licentius dixerint,
id. 1, 2, 7:translata,
id. 8, 3, 37; 12, 10, 50:Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane licentius, quam ut fori severitas ferat,
id. 8, 6, 24; Tac. A. 6, 13.—lĭcĭtus, a, um, P. a., permitted, allowed, allowable, lawful ( poet. and post-Aug. for permissus, honestus):sermo,
Verg. A. 8, 468:torus,
Petr. 34, 8:acies,
Stat. Th. 11, 123:negotiatio,
Dig. 37, 14, 2:contractus,
ib. 50, 14, 3.—In plur. as subst.: lĭcĭta, ōrum, n., things that are lawful:ipse per licita atque illicita foedatus,
Tac. A. 15, 37.—Hence, adv., in two forms: lĭcĭtē and lĭcĭtō, rightfully, lawfully (post-class. for juste, honeste, legitime).—Form licite, Dig. 30, 114, § 5.—Form licito,
Sol. 11, 8; Cod. Th. 11, 8, 3. -
70 licito
lĭcet, cŭit and cĭtum est, 2 (old form, licessit for licuerit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 13; imp. liceto, Lex ap. Inscr. Grut. 202, 508 al.), v. n. and impers. [root lic-; Gr. lip-; v. 1. liceo], it is lawful, it is allowed or permitted; one may or can, one is at liberty to do so and so; constr. with neutr. of the demonstr. or rel. pron., with inf. or a subject-clause, with or without a dat., or dat. and inf., with ut or (more freq.) with the simple subj., or entirely absol.(α).With neutr. of the demonstr. or rel. pron. as a subject, with or without a dat.:(β).licere id dicimus, quod legibus, quod more majorum institutisque conceditur. Neque enim quod quisque potest, id ei licet,
Cic. Phil. 13, 6, 14:cui facile persuasi, mihi id, quod rogaret, ne licere quidem, non modo non lubere,
id. Att. 14, 19, 4:quid deceat vos, non quantum liceat vobis, spectare debetis,
id. Rab. Post. 5, 11; cf.:si hominibus tantum licere judicas, quantum possunt: vide, ne, etc.,
id. Phil. 13, 7, 15:si illud non licet, Saltem hoc licebit,
Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 12: neque idem ubique aut licet aut decorum est, Quint. 5, 10, 40:quod in foro non expedit, illic nec liceat,
id. 9, 2, 67:sin et poterit Naevius id quod lubet et ei lubebit, quod non licet, quid agendum est?
Cic. Quint. 30, 94:nihil, quod per leges liceret,
id. Mil. 16, 43:cui tantum de te licuit?
Verg. A. 6, 502; Anthol. Lat. 1, 172, 150:cui tantum fata licere In generum voluere tuum,
Luc. 9, 1025; cf.:tantumque licere horruit,
Sil. 14, 670.—Rarely in plur.:cum in servum omnia liceant, est, etc.,
Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2.—With inf. or a subject-clause, with or without a dat.: neque terram inicere, neque cruenta Convestire corpora mihi licuit, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 168 Vahl.):(γ).licet nemini contra patriam ducere exercitum,
Cic. Phil. 13, 6, 14:ut tibi id facere liceat,
id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:M. Catoni licuit Tusculi se in otio delectare,
id. ib. 1, 1, 1:sceleris crimine liceat Cn. Pompeio mortuo, liceat multis aliis carere,
id. Lig. 6, 18; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 3; Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5:quaerere, qui licuerit aedificare navem senatori,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 18, § 45:meamet facta mihi dicere licet,
Sall. J. 85, 24.—Without a dat.:introire in aedes numquam licitum est,
Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 70:impune optare istuc licet,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 14:modo liceat vivere,
id. Heaut. 5, 2, 28:licetne scire ex te?
id. Hec. 5, 4, 33:hic subitam rerum commutationem videre licuit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 27, 1; 3, 96, 4:si facere omnino non licebit,
Cic. Phil. 13, 6, 14:licet ora ipsa cernere iratorum,
id. Off. 1, 29, 102; cf. id. Div. 1, 41, 91:licet hoc videre,
id. de Or. 3, 25, 99; id. Div. 1, 7, 13; id. Inv. 1, 15, 21; 2, 23, 71; 2, 9, 29:veretur ne non liceat tenere hereditatem,
id. Att. 13, 48, 1:licetne extra ordinem in provocantem hostem pugnare?
Liv. 23, 47, 1:poscere ut perculsis instare liceat,
id. 2, 65, 2. —With inf. pass. (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 660 sq.):intellegi jam licet, nullum fore imperium,
Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:idque e pontificio jure intellegi licet,
id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27; cf.:his cognosci licuit, quantum, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 3, 28; Cic. Off. 1, 7, 20:evocari ex insula Cyprios non licet,
id. Att. 5, 21, 6:in senatu dici nihil liceat,
id. ib. 3, 12, 1:coöptari sacerdotem licebat,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 9:in eum ordinem coöptari licet,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 120:id primum in poëtis cerni licet,
id. de Or. 3, 7, 27; id. Ac. 1, 4, 17.—The noun of the subject-clause is regularly in the acc.:licet me id scire quid sit?
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 14:non licet hominem esse, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 53:si licet me latere,
id. ib. 4, 2, 5:hocine me miserum non licere meo modo ingenium frui!
id. ib. 2, 4, 21; cf.:eodem ut jure uti senem Liceat, id. Hec. prol. alt. 3: non licet me isto tanto bono uti,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 59, § 154:cum non liceret Romae quemquam esse, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 2, 41, §100: ex eis locis, in quibus te habere nihil licet,
id. ib. 2, 5, 18, §45: quare licet etiam mortalem esse animum judicantem aeterna moliri,
id. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:cur his per te frui libertate sua, cur denique esse liberos non licet?
id. Fl. 29, 71 B. and K. (al. liberis; v. infra).—So with esse:liceat esse miseros,
Cic. Lig. 6, 18; cf.:medios esse jam non licebit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 4; id. Tusc. 5, 15, 44; 1, 38, 91 Klotz N. cr.; also with fieri:ut eum liceat ante tempus consulem fieri,
Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:ut jam liceat una comprehensione omnia complecti non dubitantemque dicere, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 26:haec praescripta servantem licet magnifice vivere,
id. Off. 1, 26, 92:licet tamen opera prodesse multis, beneficia petentem, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 19, 67.—So with acc. with a subject-inf., esse or fieri, even when licet is accompanied by the dat.:si civi Romano licet esse Gaditanum,
Cic. Balb. 12, 29:potest incidere quaestio, An huic esse procuratorem liceat?
Quint. 7, 1, 19:procuratorem tibi esse non licuit,
id. 4, 4, 6 Zumpt N. cr.:mihi non licet esse piam,
Ov. H. 14, 64: is erat annus, quo per leges ei consulem fieri liceret Caes. B. C. 3, 1 Oud. N. cr. —But more freq., in this case, there is an attraction of the predicate-noun to the dative dependent on licet.—Hence,Licet alicui with inf., esp. with esse:(δ).per hanc tibi cenam incenato esse hodie licet,
Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 31:per hanc curam quieto tibi licet esse,
id. Ep. 3, 2, 2:licuit esse otioso Themistocli,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 33; cf.:ut tibi abesse liceat, et esse otioso,
id. Att. 9, 2, A, 1: quare [p. 1063] judici mihi non esse liceat, id. Rab. Post. 7, 17:ut iis ingratis esse non liceat,
id. Off. 2, 18, 63:quo in genere mihi neglegenti esse non licet,
id. Att. 1, 17, 6:cur iis per te frui libertate sua, cur denique esse liberis non licet?
id. Fl. 29, 71 (B. and K. liberos; v. supra):quibus otiosis ne in communi quidem otio liceat esse,
id. Cael. 1, 1:quibus licet jam esse fortunatissimis,
Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 8:illis timidis et ignavis licet esse,
Liv. 21, 44, 3.—With other verbs than esse:ut sibi per te liceat innocenti vitam in egestate degere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144:cum postulasset... ut sibi triumphanti urbem invehi liceret,
Liv. 38, 44 fin. —Very rarely, in this construction, the dative with licet is wanting, and is to be supplied from the connection: atqui licet esse beatis (sc. iis),
Hor. S. 1, 1, 19:licet eminus esse Fortibus,
Ov. M. 8, 405:Hannibal precatur deos ut incolumi cedere atque abire liceat,
Liv. 26, 41, 16:sibi vitam filiae suā cariorem fuisse, si liberae ac pudicae vivere licitum fuisset,
id. 3, 50, 6. Cf. on this and the preced. construction, Krüger, Untersuchungen, vol. iii. p. 359 sq.; Ruddim. 2, p. 15; Zumpt, Gram. § 601; Madv. Gram. § 393, c. and obs. 1.—With ut, and more freq. with the simple subj.:(ε).neque jam mihi licet neque est integrum, ut, etc.,
Cic. Mur. 4, 8:facto nunc laedat licet,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 53:mea quidem causa salvos sis licet,
id. Rud. 1, 2, 51:ludas licet,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 33:fremant omnes licet,
Cic. de Or. 1, 44, 195:sed omnia licet concurrant,
id. Att. 14, 4, 2:ex qua licet pauca degustes,
id. ib. 1, 16, 8:vel ipsi hoc dicas licet,
id. ib. 5, 1, 4:quamvis licet insectemur istos, metuo ne soli philosophi sint,
id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53; cf. id. Leg. 3, 10, 24; id. N. D. 3, 36, 88:sequatur Hermagoram licebit,
id. Inv. 1, 51, 97; id. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:sis pecore et multa dives tellure licebit,
Hor. Epod. 15, 19:detrahat auctori multum fortuna licebit,
Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 3; Verg. A. 6, 400. Cf. also under II. a.—As a v. impers. absol., with or without dat.:II.immo, aliis si licet, tibi non licet,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 15, 49:cum licitum est ei,
id. And. 2, 6, 12:nec crederem mihi impunius Licere,
id. Heaut. 3, 2, 50:quod profecto faciam, si mihi per ejusdem amicitiam licebit,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 3: Ph. Sed quaeso, hominem ut jubeas arcessi. He. Licet, that may be or may be done, I have no objection, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 29:si per vos licet,
id. As. prol. 12:id quod postea, si per vos, judices, licitum erit, aperietur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 127:dum per aetatem licet,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 28:fruare, dum licet,
id. Heaut. 2, 3, 104; cf.:dum licet, loquimini mecum,
id. Phorm. 3, 3, 16:sic ut quimus, aiunt, quando, ut volumus, non licet,
id. And. 4, 5, 10:ut id, quoad posset, quod fas esset, quoad liceret, populi ad partes daret,
Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 19.Transf. When licet introduces a subordinate proposition, which makes a concession, without abandoning the main proposition, it is used as a conjunction corresponding to quamvis, quamquam, etsi. In late Latin it is, like these, connected with the indicative, and in the class. per. it is not unfreq. opposed to tamen and certe in the main proposition; even if, although, notwithstanding.A.With subj. (class.):B.quoniam quidem semel suscepi, licet hercules undique omnes mihi minae et terrores periculaque impendeant omnia, succurram atque subibo,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:improbitas, licet adversario molesta sit, judici invisa est,
Quint. 6, 4, 15: in comoedia maxime claudamus: licet Varro Musas Plautino dicat sermone locuturas fuisse, si Latine loqui vellent;licet, etc.,
id. 10, 1, 99:vita brevis est, licet supra mille annos exeat,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 6:licet ingens janitor... exsanguis terreat umbras,
Verg. A. 6, 400. —With part. for subj.:isque, licet caeli regione remotos, mente deos adiit,
Ov. M. 15, 62.—With a corresp. tamen:licet laudem Fortunam, tamen, ut ne Salutem culpem,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 28:licet saepius tibi hujus generis litteras mittam... sed tamen, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 27, 1:licet tibi significarim, ut ad me venires, tamen, etc.,
id. Att. 3, 12, 3; Quint. 2, 2, 8; 8, 3, 69:licet ergo non sint confirmati testamento, a me tamen, ut confirmati, observabuntur,
Plin. Ep. 2, 16, 3; Quint. 7 praef. § 2: constet illi licet fides et benevolentia, tranquillitas tamen, etc., Sen. Tranq. Anim. 7, 6.—With ellips. of subj.:immatura licet, tamen huc non noxia veni (sc. venias),
Prop. 5, 11, 17.—With a corresp. certe:licet enim haec quivis arbitratu suo reprehendat... certe levior reprehensio est,
Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 102.—With indic. (post-class.):C.licet inter gesta et facta videtur quaedam esse subtilis differentia, attamen, etc.,
Dig. 50, 16, 58; 2, 15, 8, § 25:licet directae libertates deficiunt, attamen, etc.,
ib. 29, 7, 2: obduxi licet arma, sum Priapus, Poëta ap. Anth. Lat. 5, 218; Macr. S. 1, 11; App. M. 2, p. 117, 25.—As an adv. with adj. or part., although (post-class.):1.licet contumacissimum, tamen efficacissimum, etc.,
Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 8, 1:miles, licet membris vigentibus firmus, se solum circumspicit,
Amm. 14, 10, 12; 17, 12, 11; Claud. Mam. Paneg. Max. 1.—Hence,lĭcens, entis, P. a., free, unrestrained, uncurbed, bold, forward, presumptuous, licentious.A.Of persons (only poet. and in post-class. prose):B.quam audaces et quam licentes sumus qui, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 4:unde licens Fabius sacra Lupercus habet,
Prop. 4, 1, 26:turba licens, Naides improbae,
Sen. Hippol. 777.—Of inanim. and abstr. things (once in Cic.; elsewh. only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):2.licentior dithyrambus,
Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 185:hic tibi multa licet sermone licentia tecto Dicere,
Ov. A. A. 1, 569:joci,
Stat. S. 1, 6, 93:licentior epistula, Plin. N. H. prooem. § 1: imperium,
Val. Max. 6, 4, 2:vita,
id. 9, 1, 3. —Hence, adv.: lĭcenter, freely, according to one's own pleasure or fancy; and, in a bad sense, without restraint, boldly, impudently, licentiously (class.):at quam licenter!
Cic. N. D. 1, 39, 109:ut ingredi libere, non ut licenter videatur errare,
id. Or. 23, 77:Graeci licenter multa,
Quint. 1, 8, 6:aliquid facere,
Liv. 26, 10.— Comp.:(servos) licentius, liberius, familiarius cum domina vivere,
Cic. Cael. 23, 57:Romanos, remoto metu, laxius licentiusque futuros,
more remiss in their discipline, Sall. J. 87 fin.:gerere res communes,
id. ib. 108:ausi aliquid,
Quint. 2, 4, 14:si quid licentius dixerint,
id. 1, 2, 7:translata,
id. 8, 3, 37; 12, 10, 50:Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane licentius, quam ut fori severitas ferat,
id. 8, 6, 24; Tac. A. 6, 13.—lĭcĭtus, a, um, P. a., permitted, allowed, allowable, lawful ( poet. and post-Aug. for permissus, honestus):sermo,
Verg. A. 8, 468:torus,
Petr. 34, 8:acies,
Stat. Th. 11, 123:negotiatio,
Dig. 37, 14, 2:contractus,
ib. 50, 14, 3.—In plur. as subst.: lĭcĭta, ōrum, n., things that are lawful:ipse per licita atque illicita foedatus,
Tac. A. 15, 37.—Hence, adv., in two forms: lĭcĭtē and lĭcĭtō, rightfully, lawfully (post-class. for juste, honeste, legitime).—Form licite, Dig. 30, 114, § 5.—Form licito,
Sol. 11, 8; Cod. Th. 11, 8, 3. -
71 bonae
bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.I.Attributively.A.As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.1.Vir bonus.(α).A man morally good (kalos kagathos):(β).quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—An honest man:(γ).justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—A man of good standing in the community:(δ).id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—Ironically of bad men:(ε).sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):(ζ).bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—As a conventional courtesy:2.homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:3.in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:4.bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.(α).In gen.:(β).sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:(γ).(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:(δ).di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—5.Optimus as a laudatory epithet.(α).Vir optimus:(β).per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—Femina bona, optima:(γ).tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —Senex, pater, frater, etc.:(δ).optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—With proper names ( poet.):(ε).optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:6.quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—Bonus and Bona, names of deities.(α).Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):(β).Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—(γ).Bona Fortuna:(δ).si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —Bona Spes:(ε).Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:B.Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.With nouns denoting things.1.Things concrete, denoting excellence:2.navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—Things abstract.a.Of physical well-being:b.ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—Of the mind and soul:c.meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—Of moral relations:d.ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:e.bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:f.de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:g.optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—Good = large, considerable:h.bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:k.si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.(α).Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:(β).primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—Bona pax, without quarrelling:(γ).bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:(δ).igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—Bona societas, alliance:C.Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.In particular phrases.1.Bonae res.a.= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:b.concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:c.bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:d.homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —Costly things, articles of luxury:e.capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—Moral, morally good:f.illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:2.res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—Bonae artes.(α).A good, laudable way of dealing:(β).qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—Liberal arts and sciences:3.litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—Bona fides, or fides bona.a.Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:b.dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—Jurid. t. t.(α).Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:(β).ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:4.actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—Bona verba.(α).Kind words:(β).Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—Words of good omen (v. omen):(γ).dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—Elegant or well-chosen expressions:(δ).quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—Moral sayings:5.non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —Bona dicta.(α).Polite, courteous language:(β).hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:6.dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—Bona facta.(α).= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:(β).nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):(γ).bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:7.peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—Bona gratia.(α).A friendly understanding:(β).cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—8.Bona pars.(α).The well-disposed part of a body of persons:(β).ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):(γ).civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):(δ).bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:(ε).nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—Adverb.:(ζ).bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:9.Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—Dies bonus or bona.(α).A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):(β).tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—10.Bonus mos.(α).Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:(β).nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:11.ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —Adverbial phrases.a.Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.(α).To be of good cheer or courage:(β).bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:(γ).audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—Bonus animus, good temper, patience:b.bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—Bono modo.(α).= placide, with composure, moderation:(β).si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—In a decent manner:c.neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:II.te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.As subst.A.bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.1.In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.(α).Plur.:(β).bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—Sing.:2.malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—Bonus, a man of honor.(α).A brave man:(β).pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —A gentleman:3. (α).quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;(β).so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—Without reference to political views;4.opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—5.Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.(α).Referring to morality:(β).esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—Of the educated classes:(γ). (δ).adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—In gen., excellent:(ε).optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—Distributively:(ζ).ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):(η).hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—Attributively, with a noun:2. 1.optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;2.nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:3.quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—Bonum or bona, prosperity:4.fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—Good qualities, gifts:5.omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—Advantage, benefit:6.si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:7. a.si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—In gen.:b.paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.(α).Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—(β).Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:(γ).postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—c.In bonis esse;III.with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.Predicative use.A.With nouns or pronouns as subjects.1.Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:2.nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:3.jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—To be kind:4.bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—With reference to the gods:B.ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—Impers.1.Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).(α). (β).With subject inf.:2.nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—Melius est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—With subject inf.-clause:(γ).meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—With ut-clause:(δ).quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—With subjectclause in the subjunctive:3.nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—Optimum est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—With inf.-clause:(γ).constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—With ut and subj:(δ).hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—With quod:(ε).illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):IV.sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:V.di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.With object expressed,1.By dat.(α).= good, useful, beneficial for:(β).ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—= benignus or propitius, kind to:(γ).vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:(δ).qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:(ε).accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—With dat. gerund:2.ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—By ad and acc.:refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14. -
72 bonus
bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.I.Attributively.A.As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.1.Vir bonus.(α).A man morally good (kalos kagathos):(β).quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—An honest man:(γ).justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—A man of good standing in the community:(δ).id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—Ironically of bad men:(ε).sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):(ζ).bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—As a conventional courtesy:2.homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:3.in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:4.bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.(α).In gen.:(β).sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:(γ).(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:(δ).di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—5.Optimus as a laudatory epithet.(α).Vir optimus:(β).per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—Femina bona, optima:(γ).tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —Senex, pater, frater, etc.:(δ).optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—With proper names ( poet.):(ε).optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:6.quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—Bonus and Bona, names of deities.(α).Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):(β).Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—(γ).Bona Fortuna:(δ).si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —Bona Spes:(ε).Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:B.Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.With nouns denoting things.1.Things concrete, denoting excellence:2.navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—Things abstract.a.Of physical well-being:b.ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—Of the mind and soul:c.meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—Of moral relations:d.ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:e.bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:f.de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:g.optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—Good = large, considerable:h.bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:k.si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.(α).Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:(β).primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—Bona pax, without quarrelling:(γ).bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:(δ).igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—Bona societas, alliance:C.Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.In particular phrases.1.Bonae res.a.= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:b.concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:c.bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:d.homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —Costly things, articles of luxury:e.capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—Moral, morally good:f.illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:2.res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—Bonae artes.(α).A good, laudable way of dealing:(β).qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—Liberal arts and sciences:3.litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—Bona fides, or fides bona.a.Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:b.dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—Jurid. t. t.(α).Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:(β).ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:4.actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—Bona verba.(α).Kind words:(β).Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—Words of good omen (v. omen):(γ).dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—Elegant or well-chosen expressions:(δ).quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—Moral sayings:5.non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —Bona dicta.(α).Polite, courteous language:(β).hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:6.dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—Bona facta.(α).= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:(β).nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):(γ).bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:7.peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—Bona gratia.(α).A friendly understanding:(β).cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—8.Bona pars.(α).The well-disposed part of a body of persons:(β).ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):(γ).civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):(δ).bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:(ε).nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—Adverb.:(ζ).bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:9.Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—Dies bonus or bona.(α).A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):(β).tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—10.Bonus mos.(α).Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:(β).nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:11.ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —Adverbial phrases.a.Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.(α).To be of good cheer or courage:(β).bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:(γ).audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—Bonus animus, good temper, patience:b.bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—Bono modo.(α).= placide, with composure, moderation:(β).si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—In a decent manner:c.neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:II.te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.As subst.A.bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.1.In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.(α).Plur.:(β).bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—Sing.:2.malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—Bonus, a man of honor.(α).A brave man:(β).pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —A gentleman:3. (α).quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;(β).so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—Without reference to political views;4.opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—5.Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.(α).Referring to morality:(β).esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—Of the educated classes:(γ). (δ).adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—In gen., excellent:(ε).optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—Distributively:(ζ).ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):(η).hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—Attributively, with a noun:2. 1.optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;2.nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:3.quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—Bonum or bona, prosperity:4.fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—Good qualities, gifts:5.omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—Advantage, benefit:6.si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:7. a.si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—In gen.:b.paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.(α).Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—(β).Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:(γ).postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—c.In bonis esse;III.with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.Predicative use.A.With nouns or pronouns as subjects.1.Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:2.nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:3.jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—To be kind:4.bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—With reference to the gods:B.ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—Impers.1.Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).(α). (β).With subject inf.:2.nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—Melius est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—With subject inf.-clause:(γ).meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—With ut-clause:(δ).quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—With subjectclause in the subjunctive:3.nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—Optimum est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—With inf.-clause:(γ).constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—With ut and subj:(δ).hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—With quod:(ε).illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):IV.sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:V.di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.With object expressed,1.By dat.(α).= good, useful, beneficial for:(β).ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—= benignus or propitius, kind to:(γ).vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:(δ).qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:(ε).accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—With dat. gerund:2.ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—By ad and acc.:refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14. -
73 certus
certus, a, um [orig. P. a. from cerno; hence], adj., determined, resolved, fixed, settled, purposed: non dubius.I.(Acc. to cerno, II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is determined, it is my ( thy, his, etc.) decision, resolution, will, I am resolved, I mean, etc. (mostly ante-class.; most freq. in Plaut.); with inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.):b.certum'st hominem eludere,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109:tibi credere,
id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere arbitror, omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:certum atque decretum est non dare signum,
Liv. 2, 45, 13:certum est igni circumdare muros,
Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi with inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., with expression of purpose by a fut. tense:certum est, malam rem potius quaeram cum lucro,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15:certum est, jam dicam patri,
id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15:certum est, ibo ad medicum,
id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est tibi? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st tibi istuc? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74;so further with istuc,
id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30:mihi autem abjurare certius est quam dependere,
Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3:ad eum senem oppugnare certum est consilium,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60:quae nunc sunt certa ei consilia, etc.,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 16:certa res hanc est objurgare,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—(From the time of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the person who is determined upon something, determined, resolved, bent.(α).With inf.:(β).certa mori,
Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475:decrevitque mori): certi non cedere,
Ov. M. 9, 43:certa sequi,
Val. Fl. 5, 47.—With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. § 437, n. 1;(γ).A. and S. § 213, R. 1): certus eundi,
Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440:desciscendi,
Tac. H. 4, 14:relinquendae vitae,
id. A. 4, 34:necis,
Sil. 6, 27:fugae,
Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12:destinationis,
Tac. A. 12, 32:sceleris,
id. ib. 12, 66:consilii,
id. H. 2, 46.—With an:II.nec sat certa an cederet armis,
Sil. 9, 480.—An epithet of all those objects whose existence or reality is fixed, determined (hence in connection with definitus, Quint. 7, 10, 7;A.with praefinitus,
Suet. Galb. 14), or in respect to which there can be no doubt (hence opp. dubius, Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).Object.1.Of things whose external qualities, number, etc., are invariable, established, settled, fixed, particular, specified, etc. (class.):b.Arboribus primum certis gravis umbra tributa,
Lucr. 6, 783:fruges, bacae,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat,
id. Cat. 3, 7, 16:concilium in diem certam indicere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.;so with dies,
a fixed term, Cato, R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.:certis diebus,
Verg. G. 2, 329:quaerere ab judicibus cur in certa verba jurent, cur certo tempore conveniant, certo discedant,
Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41:certum praefinitumque tempus,
id. Galb. 14; and:certum statumque vectigal,
id. Calig. 40:pecunia (opp. arbitraria), v. arbitrarius: finis aerumnarum,
Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56:locus,
Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6:numerus,
id. ib. 7, 75:signum,
fixed, agreed upon, id. B. C. 1, 27:naves,
fixed in number and quality, id. ib. 1, 56:pecuniae imperabantur,
id. ib. 3, 32 fin.:conviva,
i. e. a daily, constant guest, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid:ecquem tu illo certiorem nebulonem,
Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—But sometimes indef., like quidam, and our certain, of things, the certainty of whose existence is given, but whose nature is not more definitely designated, or comes not into consideration (cf. aliquis):2.Cephaloedi mensis est certus, quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128:habet certos sui studiosos,
id. Brut. 16, 64:(hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit,
id. Sest. 27, 58:certi homines ad eam rem periti,
id. ib. 18, 41:res a certis hominibus corrupta,
id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. several times in connection with quidam and aliquis:ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati,
Quint. 8, prooem. § 2; so id. 8, prooem. § 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8;11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos pedes,
id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. § 4; and subst.:in his certos aliquos docebit,
id. 2, 8, 13.—Trop., of things whose internal moral qualities are established, fixed, can be relied upon, sure, unerring, to be depended upon, true, faithful, [p. 321] etc. (so most freq. in all periods and species of composition; syn.: firmus, confirmatus, exploratus, indubitatus, manifestus al.).a.Of persons: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.:b.tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57:certi homines, quibus dem litteras,
Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156:certus enim promisit Apollo, etc.,
Hor. C. 1, 7, 28:auctor (mortis),
Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5:adversus hostem nec spe nec animo certiorem, i. e. firmiorem,
Liv. 10, 35, 17: apud latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. Dion, 9, 2:per litora certos dimittam,
Verg. A. 1, 576:certissimus auctor (Phoebus),
id. G. 1, 432.—Of things:B.satis animo certo et confirmato,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf.pectora,
Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior indoles, Suet. Ner. 10:promissa,
Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1:parata dicendi copia et certa,
Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. §9: jus,
id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.:jactus (telorum),
Tac. A. 14, 37; cf.in this sense certa hasta,
Verg. A. 11, 767:sagitta,
Hor. C. 1, 12, 23:fides segetis,
id. ib. 3, 16, 30:spes,
id. C. S. 74:trames,
id. S. 2, 3, 49:lar,
id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.:plana et certa,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:certa et clara,
Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., with gen.:certa maris,
Tac. H. 4, 81.—Subject., of that which is established by evidence, etc., placed beyond doubt, certain, sure, true, proved, established (class.; esp. freq. in neutr.):2.cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29:incerta pro certis malebant,
Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.:incerta pro certis mutare,
id. J. 83, 1:postremo certior res,
Liv. 29, 6, 12:certiora esse dicunt quam, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum:hisce oculis egomet vidi,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31:jam satis certumst virginem vitiatam esse?
id. Enn. 4, 4, 36:cum certius tibi sit me esse Romae quam mihi te Athenis,
Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1:id parum certum est,
Liv. 5, 35, 3:cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium,
Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, with interrog.-clause, Liv. 2, 8, 8:nec quicquam certi respondes mihi?
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84:neque tanto spatio certi quid esset explorari poterat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 45:certum inveniri non potest ne... an,
id. B. C. 1, 25:si quicquam humanorum certi est,
Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror:Certum non scimus,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to know for a certainty, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.:certum habere,
to reckon certain, id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.:certum respondeo,
Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro certo habere,
Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; Matius ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23:negare,
Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5:polliceri,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 102:dicere aliquid,
id. Brut. 3, 10:ponere,
Liv. 23, 6, 8:scire,
id. 25, 10, 1:affirmare,
id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.:creditur,
Sall. C. 15, 2:coeperit esse,
Quint. 5, 12, 2:certius cognoscere ex aliquo de aliquā re,
Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.:quin nihil invenies magis hoc certo certius,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.:et hoc certo certius est et saepissime constitutum,
Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 14:certo certius,
Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to give certainty to one concerning any thing, make him certain, Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—Transf. to the person who is made certain in reference to a thing, certain, sure:A.certi sumus periisse omnia,
Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5:num quid nunc es certior?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191:posteritatis,
i. e. of posthumous fame, Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1:sententiae,
Quint. 4, 3, 8:judicii,
Sen. Ep. 45, 9:certus de suā geniturā,
Suet. Vesp. 25:damnationis,
id. Tib. 61:exitii,
Tac. A. 1, 27:spei,
id. H. 4, 3:matrimonii,
id. A. 12, 3:certi sumus, etc.,
Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In class. prose mostly in the phrase certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, with a foll, acc. and inf., with a rel.-clause or absol.), to inform, apprise one of a thing:me certiorem face,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69:ut nos facias certiores,
Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32:uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 2:qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit,
Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2:Caesarem certiorem faciunt, sese non facile ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 11:faciam te certiorem quid egerim,
Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. only:milites certiores facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium,
Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin. — Pass.:quod crebro certior per me fias de omnibus rebus,
Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1:Caesar certior factus est, tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen transduxisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3:factus certior, quae res gererentur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 15:non consulibus certioribus factis,
Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in posit., though rarely:fac me certum quid tibi est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179:lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae,
Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in two forms.certō, with certainty, certainly, surely, of a truth, in fact, really, object. and subject. (cf. supra, II. A. and B.); only in the comic poets, and sometimes (most. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., while the adverbial form certe belongs to all periods and all species of composition. The difference between them is, perhaps, merely historical; but v. infra, certe, B. I. 2. init.1.Object.:b.perii certo, haud arbitrario,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106:mihi certo nomen Sosia'st,
id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12:nihil ita exspectare quasi certo futurum,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the passage cited under certo, I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—In affirm. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, yes, certainly, Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—2.Subject.a.In gen. (very rare):b.certo enim ego vocem hic loquentis modo mi audire visus sum,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4:ego rus abituram me esse certo decrevi,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui certo comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—Esp. in the formula of asseveration, certo scio, I certainly know, I am fully persuaded, beyond all doubt (class.):B.certo edepol scio, me vidisse, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19:quod te moleste ferre certo scio,
Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16:veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: vobis plura, certo scio,
Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under certe, I. 2.).—certē (class.; cf. supra, certo init.).I. 1.Object.:b.certe edepol, tu me alienabis,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243:ego quidem ab hoc certe exorabo,
id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:certe hercle,
id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10:quom is certe Renuntiarit,
id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:certe captus est!
id. And. 1, 1, 55:certe ut videamur cernere eum,
Lucr. 4, 760:si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est,
Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5:fuit certe id aequum et certe exspectatum est, etc.,
id. Planc. 16, 38:ea certe vera sunt,
id. Mil. 35, 96:M. Catoni certe licuit, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:jam illa perfugia certe minime sunt audienda,
id. ib. 1, 5, 9:cum se certe decessurum videret,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104; Cat. 62, 8:certe hinc Romanos olim fore ductores pollicitus,
Verg. A. 1, 234:o dea certe,
a goddess surely, id. ib. 1, 328:postremo expellet certe vivacior heres,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 132:placuit tibi, Delphice, certe, Dum, etc.,
Ov. M. 2, 543 al. — Comp.:speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant,
Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3:si reperire vocas amittere certius,
Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.— Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—In an answer of affirmation:2.estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est profecto,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in confirmation of a preceding fact: venerat, ut opinor, haec res in judicium. Certe, certainly, surely, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—Subject., mostly in the phrase certe scio, I know to a certainty, I am sure (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, certe scio = certum est me scire, I am fully convinced: certo scio = certum est quod scio, my knowledge is accurate, etc.):b.certe edepol scio, si aliud quicquam est quod credam aut certo sciam, etc.,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115:edepol certo scio,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20:scelestiorem me hac anu certe scio Vidisse numquam,
id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32:ex litteris certe scire potuistis,
id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29:quod iste certe statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1.—In affirm. answers: Ar. Ain' vero? Le. Certe, inquam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—c.In a subjective supposition or presumption that a thing is so, certainly, surely, assuredly, doubtless, of course; Gr. isôs:(β).ah nugas agis, Certe habes,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:si me tanti facis, quanti certe facis,
Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—II.Affirming with restriction, yet surely, yet indeed, at least, notwithstanding (very freq. in prose and poetry, esp. after the class. per.).A.Alone:B.si non ipsā re tibi istuc dolet, Simulare certe est hominis,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16:cingitur, certe expedit se,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152:ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel certe timere desistant,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117:haec... sint falsa sane, invidiosa certe non sunt,
id. Ac. 2, 32, 105:qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet certe,
id. Phil. 12, 4, 8:res fortasse verae, certe graves,
id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13:consulatum unum certe plebis Romanae esse,
id. 22, 34, 11:quos quoniam caeli nondum dignamur honore, Quas dedimus certe terras habitare sinamus,
Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.:quo quid sit beatius, mihi certe in mentem venire non potest,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so,ego certe,
Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57:certe ego,
Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13:mihi certe,
Quint. 10, 3, 23:ipse certe,
id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—With other particles.1.With tamen:2.illud certe tamen, quod jam amplexi sumus,
Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—With at: quod (consilium) si non fuerit prudens, at certe ab optima fide proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—3.With sed: non integrā re, sed certe minus infractā, quam, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —4.With quidem:ubi sit animus, certe quidem in te est,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:quoniam volumus quidem certe senes fieri,
id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50:certe quidem vos estis Romani, etc.,
Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But quidem does not belong with certe in such passages as the foll.:hic quidem certe memorat, etc.,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. quidem; cf. also aut and vel.) -
74 curo
cūro (old orthog. COERO and COIRO, Inscr. Orell. 31; 560; 570:I.coeret, coerari, coerandi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 10), āvi, ātum, 1 ( perf. subj. curassis, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 93; id. Ps. 1, 3, 3; id. Poen. 3, 1, 50; inf. pass. curarier, id. Capt. 3, 5, 79), v. a. [cura], to care for, take or have care of, to be solicitous for, to look or attend to, trouble one's self about, etc. (very freq. in every period and species of composition); constr. with the acc., the acc. with the gerundive, the inf. with ut, ne, the simple subj., the dat. or absol.In gen.1.Of persons.(α).With acc.:(β).curare omnia studiosissime ac diligentissime,
Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7; cf.:diligenter praeceptum,
Nep. Eum. 9, 5:magna di curant, parva neglegunt,
Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 167:negotia aliena,
id. Top. 17, 66; Hor. S. 2, 3, 19:mandatum,
Cic. Att. 5, 7 init.:cenam,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 6, 11; cf.opsonium,
id. Merc. 3, 3, 22:domum,
to cleanse, Petr. 71, 7:vestimenta curare et polire,
Dig. 47, 2, 12 pr.:funus,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 81 Ruhnk.; cf.in this sense, cadaver,
Suet. Ner. 49; and:Aegyptii jussi corpus Alexandri suo more curare,
Curt. 10, 10, 13; in other connections, curare corpus means to nourish, take care of one's self, to refresh, invigorate one's self, Lucr. 2, 31; 5, 937:nunc corpora curare tempus est,
Liv. 21, 54, 2; 3, 2, 10; 26, 48, 3; Curt. 3, 8, 22 al.;in the same sense, membra,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 81:cutem,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 29; 1, 4, 15:pelliculam,
id. S. 2, 5, 38:se,
Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 1; Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 6; id. de Or. 3, 61, 230; cf.:se suamque aetatem,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 34:virum,
Tib. 1, 5, 33; and in part. perf.:curati cibo,
Liv. 9, 37, 7:omnes vinoque et cibo curatos domos dimisit,
id. 34, 16, 5: vineam, to tend, Cato ap. Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; cf.apes,
Col. 9, 14 et saep.:res rationesque eri,
to superintend, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 32:pensa ac domos, of the women of the family,
Mel. 1, 9, 6:sociorum injurias,
Sall. J. 14, 19:sublimia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 4, 5:preces (Diana),
id. C. S. 71:prodigia,
to endeavor to avert, ward off, Liv. 1, 20, 7 et saep.:munus te curaturum scio, Ut mittas mihi,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 79; cf.:aquam mulsam prope ut sit,
Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 28:te multum amamus, quod ea (signa) abs te diligenter parvoque curata sunt,
provided, Cic. Att. 1, 3, 2; cf.II. C. infra: ego illum cum curā magnā curabo tibi,
Plaut. Men. 5, 4, 7 and 9; so,aliquem,
id. Stich. 1, 2, 39; 5, 3, 9; Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 121: curatur a multis, timetur a pluribus, is courted (cf. therapeuein), Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 15 et saep.—With a negative: quos peperisti ne cures, be unconcerned, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 656; Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50:alii, quasi corpus nullum sit hominis, ita praeter animum nihil curant,
care for nothing except the mind, Cic. Fin. 4, 14, 36:viri nihil perjuria curant (with nihil metuere),
Cat. 64, 148:non ego istuc curo, qui sit, unde sit,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 95: alia cura, a conversational expression (lit. trouble yourself about something else;hence),
do not trouble yourself, never mind, id. Mil. 3, 3, 55 and 60;and in like sense, aliud cura,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 5.—With acc. and gerundive, to cause something to be done, to order, to urge on, etc. (in good prose and very freq.;(γ).predominant in Cæsar): pontem in Arari faciundum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 13:obsides inter eos dandos,
id. ib. 1, 19; 3, 11;4, 29 et saep.: buculam faciendam,
Cic. Div. 1, 24, 48:epistulam mihi referendam,
id. Att. 8, 5, 1:fratrem interficiendum,
Nep. Timol. 1, 4 al. —With part. perf pass.:(δ).inventum tibi curabo et mecum adductum Tuom Pamphilum,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 1.—With inf. (most freq. with a negative):(ε).ea nolui scribere, quae nec indocti intellegere possent, nec docti legere curarent,
would take the trouble, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 4;so negatively,
id. de Or. 1, 20, 91; id. Fam. 1, 9, 16; cf.:nihil Romae geritur, quod te putem scire curare,
id. ib. 9, 10, 1; 3, 8, 7; Suet. Caes. 86; Hor. C. 2, 13, 39; id. Ep. 1, 17, 58; id. A. P. 133; 297; Ov. M. 11, 370; 11, 682 et saep.—Affirmatively:si qui sunt, qui illud curent defendere,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 31, 87:qui istas res scire curavit,
id. Fl. 27, 64:mando tibi, uti cures lustrare,
Cato, R. R. 141:aspice, si quid Et nos, quod cures proprium fecisse, loquamur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 5; 1, 16, 17; id. A. P. 35; 460 sq.; Suet. Dom. 20; id. Gram. 24.—With acc. and inf. pass.:(ζ).neque vero haec inter se congruere possent, ut natura et procreari vellet et diligi procreatos non curaret,
Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 62:symbolos proponi et saxis proscribi curat,
Just. 2, 12, 2; 3, 5, 12.—With nom. and inf.:(η).ego capitis mei periculo patriam liberavi, vos liberi sine periculo esse non curatis,
Auct. Her. 4, 53, 66. —With ut, ne, or a simple subj.:(θ).pater curabit ut, etc.,
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 25 sq.:si fecisset, se curaturam, ut, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 24, 48; Quint. 4, 2, 47; Suet. Aug. 92.—So in concluding letters: cura ut valeas, take care of yourself, be careful of your health (for which da operam ut valeas, fac valeas, et al. sim.), Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 3; 7, 6, 2; 7, 15, 2; 7, 20, 3; id. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 6; 3, 8, 6; id. Att. 1, 5, 8; 2, 2, 3 et saep.:omnibus rebus cura et provide, ne quid ei desit,
id. ib. 11, 3, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 34; 2, 5, 24; Suet. Aug. 94 et saep.:ne illa quidem curo mihi scribas, quae, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 1:jam curabo sentiat, quos attentarit,
Phaedr. 5, 2, 6; Petr. 58, 2:curare uti Romae ne essent,
Suet. Rhet. 1 init. —With dat. (ante-and post-class.):(ι).illis curandum censeo,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 92; so, omnibus, Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1:rebus publicis,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 50:rebus alienis,
id. Truc. 1, 2, 41:rebus meis,
App. Mag. p. 297.—With quod:(κ).nam quod strabonus est, non curo,
Petr. 68, 8.—With de:(λ).vides, quanto hoc diligentius curem quam aut de rumore aut de Pollione,
Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3.—Absol.:(μ).curasti probe,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 6; cf. Plant. Rud. 2, 3, 50: abi intro;ego hic curabo,
id. Bacch. 2, 2, 49; id. Pers. 1, 3, 5:ubi quisque legatus aut tribunus curabat,
commanded, Sall. J. 60, 1; cf.:in eā parte,
id. ib. 60, 5:in postremo loco cum equitibus,
id. ib. 46, 7.—Impers.:2.curabitur,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 70; id. Men. 3, 3, 15; Ter. And. 2, 3, 29:curetur,
id. Hec. 2, 2, 15. —Of things ( poet.):II.quae causa suscipienda curarit sollemnia sacra,
Lucr. 5, 1163:nec vera virtus Curat reponi deterioribus,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 30; with ut, Lucr. 5, 1015; 3, 127; 6, 231 Lachm.; with ne:quod ne miremur sopor atque oblivia curant,
id. 4, 826 (822).—In partic., t. t.A.In state affairs, to take the charge of, to manage the business of, to do a thing in behalf of the state, to administer, govern, preside over, command, etc.(α).With acc.:(β).bellum maritimum curare,
Liv. 7, 26, 10; so,Asiam,
Tac. A. 4, 36:Achaiam,
id. ib. 5, 10:superioris Germaniae legiones,
id. ib. 6, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 31; cf.:duabus his artibus... se remque publicam curabant,
Sall. C. 9, 3. —Absol.:B.Faesulanum in sinistrā parte curare jubet,
Sall. C. 59, 3; cf. id. J. 46, 7:duo additi qui Romae curarent,
Tac. A. 11, 22.—In medic. lang., to heal, cure.(α).With acc.:(β).an quod corpora curari possint, animorum medicina nulla sit?
Cic. Tusc. 3, 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 40:adulescentes gravius aegrotant, tristius curantur,
id. Sen. 19, 67; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5:aegrum,
Liv. 5, 5, 12:quadrupedes,
Quint. 2, 10, 6:aliquem frigidis,
Suet. Aug. 81:aliquem radice vel herbā,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 151 et saep.: morbos, Cels. prooem.; Quint. 2, 3, 6; Curt. 5, 9, 3; 7, 1, 22:vulnus,
Liv. 2, 17, 4; Quint. 4, 2, 84 et saep.:apparentia vitia,
Quint. 12, 8, 10. —Rarely, to operate:qui ferrum medici prius quam curetur aspexit,
Quint. 4, 5, 5. —Absol.:b.medicinae pars, quae manu curat,
Cels. 7 praef.; so Quint. 2, 17, 39 al. —Hence, P. a. as subst.: cūrans, antis, m., = medicus, a physician:plurimi sub alterutro curantis errore moriuntur,
Cels. 3, 8, 5.—Also cūrandus, i, m., the patient:nisi festinare curandi imbecillitas cogit,
Col. 7, 2, 12.—Trop. (ironically):C.cum provinciam curarit, sanguinem miserit, mihi tradiderit enectam, etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 2:reduviam (corresp. with capiti mederi),
id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128.—In mercantile lang., to take care of money matters, to adjust or settle, pay, etc.:1.(nummos) pro signis,
Cic. Att. 1, 8, 2; cf.:pecuniam pro eo frumento legatis,
Liv. 44, 16, 2:dimidium pecuniae redemptori tuo,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2; id. Quint. 4, 15:me cui jussisset curaturum,
that I would make payment according to his direction, id. Fam. 16, 9, 3.— Hence, cūrātus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.).Earnest, anxious (post-Aug.):2.curatissimae preces,
Tac. A. 1, 13 fin.: interim me [p. 503] quidam... secreto curatoque sermone corripit, monet, etc., Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 10.—Taken care of, managed, attended to:boves curatiores,
Cato, R. R. 103:sacra,
Cic. Balb. 24, 55:nitida illa et curata vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 26.— Adv.: cūrātē, carefully, diligently; only in comp.:curatius disserere,
Tac. A. 2, 27; 14, 21; 16, 22; Plin. Ep. 1, 1, 1. -
75 meliores
bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.I.Attributively.A.As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.1.Vir bonus.(α).A man morally good (kalos kagathos):(β).quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—An honest man:(γ).justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—A man of good standing in the community:(δ).id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—Ironically of bad men:(ε).sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):(ζ).bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—As a conventional courtesy:2.homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:3.in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:4.bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.(α).In gen.:(β).sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:(γ).(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:(δ).di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—5.Optimus as a laudatory epithet.(α).Vir optimus:(β).per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—Femina bona, optima:(γ).tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —Senex, pater, frater, etc.:(δ).optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—With proper names ( poet.):(ε).optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:6.quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—Bonus and Bona, names of deities.(α).Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):(β).Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—(γ).Bona Fortuna:(δ).si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —Bona Spes:(ε).Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:B.Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.With nouns denoting things.1.Things concrete, denoting excellence:2.navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—Things abstract.a.Of physical well-being:b.ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—Of the mind and soul:c.meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—Of moral relations:d.ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:e.bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:f.de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:g.optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—Good = large, considerable:h.bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:k.si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.(α).Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:(β).primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—Bona pax, without quarrelling:(γ).bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:(δ).igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—Bona societas, alliance:C.Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.In particular phrases.1.Bonae res.a.= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:b.concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:c.bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:d.homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —Costly things, articles of luxury:e.capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—Moral, morally good:f.illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:2.res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—Bonae artes.(α).A good, laudable way of dealing:(β).qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—Liberal arts and sciences:3.litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—Bona fides, or fides bona.a.Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:b.dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—Jurid. t. t.(α).Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:(β).ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:4.actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—Bona verba.(α).Kind words:(β).Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—Words of good omen (v. omen):(γ).dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—Elegant or well-chosen expressions:(δ).quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—Moral sayings:5.non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —Bona dicta.(α).Polite, courteous language:(β).hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:6.dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—Bona facta.(α).= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:(β).nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):(γ).bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:7.peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—Bona gratia.(α).A friendly understanding:(β).cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—8.Bona pars.(α).The well-disposed part of a body of persons:(β).ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):(γ).civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):(δ).bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:(ε).nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—Adverb.:(ζ).bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:9.Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—Dies bonus or bona.(α).A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):(β).tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—10.Bonus mos.(α).Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:(β).nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:11.ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —Adverbial phrases.a.Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.(α).To be of good cheer or courage:(β).bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:(γ).audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—Bonus animus, good temper, patience:b.bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—Bono modo.(α).= placide, with composure, moderation:(β).si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—In a decent manner:c.neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:II.te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.As subst.A.bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.1.In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.(α).Plur.:(β).bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—Sing.:2.malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—Bonus, a man of honor.(α).A brave man:(β).pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —A gentleman:3. (α).quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;(β).so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—Without reference to political views;4.opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—5.Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.(α).Referring to morality:(β).esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—Of the educated classes:(γ). (δ).adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—In gen., excellent:(ε).optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—Distributively:(ζ).ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):(η).hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—Attributively, with a noun:2. 1.optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;2.nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:3.quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—Bonum or bona, prosperity:4.fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—Good qualities, gifts:5.omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—Advantage, benefit:6.si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:7. a.si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—In gen.:b.paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.(α).Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—(β).Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:(γ).postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—c.In bonis esse;III.with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.Predicative use.A.With nouns or pronouns as subjects.1.Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:2.nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:3.jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—To be kind:4.bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—With reference to the gods:B.ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—Impers.1.Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).(α). (β).With subject inf.:2.nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—Melius est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—With subject inf.-clause:(γ).meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—With ut-clause:(δ).quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—With subjectclause in the subjunctive:3.nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—Optimum est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—With inf.-clause:(γ).constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—With ut and subj:(δ).hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—With quod:(ε).illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):IV.sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:V.di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.With object expressed,1.By dat.(α).= good, useful, beneficial for:(β).ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—= benignus or propitius, kind to:(γ).vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:(δ).qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:(ε).accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—With dat. gerund:2.ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—By ad and acc.:refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14. -
76 minitor
mĭnĭtor, ātus, 1 ( inf. minitarier for minitari, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 3; id. Rud. 3, 1, 15.— Act. collat. form minito, āre; v. infra fin.), v. dep. freq. [1. minor], to threaten, menace a person with any thing; constr. alicui aliquid, alicui aliquā re, with inf., with acc. and inf., and absol. (class.).(α).Alicui aliquid:(β).Mihin' malum minitare?
Plaut. Curc. 4, 4, 15:ista horribilia minitare purpuratis tuis!
Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 102; id. Phil. 13, 9, 21:malum alicui,
id. Caecin. 10, 27:fratri mortem,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:virgas securesque omnibus,
Liv. 3, 57, 3.—With acc.:facito istud quod minitaris,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 13:quin consul arma minetur,
Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 3:bellum,
Quint. 3, 8, 19.—With dat.:quis illest qui minitatur filio?
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 9:alicui,
Cic. Att. 2, 19, 3.—Alicui aliquā re:(γ).huic urbi ferro ignique minitantur,
Cic. Phil. 11, 14, 37; 13, 21, 47:huic urbi ferro flammāque minitans,
id. Cat. 2, 1, 1 (Klotz, ferrum flammamque):Caesari gladio,
Sall. C. 49, 4.—With abl.: qui ferro minitere, Enn. ap. Fest. s. v. ningulus, p. 177 Müll. (Ann. v. 133 Vahl.).—With inf.:(δ).quod nunc minitare facere,
Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 13.—With acc. and inf.:(ε).cur ergo minitaris tibi te vitam esse amissurum?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 2.—Absol.:etiam, carnufex, Minitare?
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 16:noli minitari,
id. Mil. 2, 4, 19.— Act. collat. form mĭnĭto, āre (ante-class.):quae minitas mihi,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 85: etiam minitas? Naev. ap. Non. 473, 32:quid minitabas te facturum,
Plaut. Fragm. ib. 33; Liv. Andron. Tr. 17. -
77 optimum
bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.I.Attributively.A.As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.1.Vir bonus.(α).A man morally good (kalos kagathos):(β).quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—An honest man:(γ).justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—A man of good standing in the community:(δ).id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—Ironically of bad men:(ε).sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):(ζ).bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—As a conventional courtesy:2.homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:3.in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:4.bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.(α).In gen.:(β).sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:(γ).(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:(δ).di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—5.Optimus as a laudatory epithet.(α).Vir optimus:(β).per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—Femina bona, optima:(γ).tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —Senex, pater, frater, etc.:(δ).optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—With proper names ( poet.):(ε).optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:6.quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—Bonus and Bona, names of deities.(α).Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):(β).Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—(γ).Bona Fortuna:(δ).si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —Bona Spes:(ε).Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:B.Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.With nouns denoting things.1.Things concrete, denoting excellence:2.navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—Things abstract.a.Of physical well-being:b.ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—Of the mind and soul:c.meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—Of moral relations:d.ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:e.bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:f.de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:g.optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—Good = large, considerable:h.bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:k.si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.(α).Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:(β).primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—Bona pax, without quarrelling:(γ).bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:(δ).igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—Bona societas, alliance:C.Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.In particular phrases.1.Bonae res.a.= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:b.concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:c.bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:d.homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —Costly things, articles of luxury:e.capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—Moral, morally good:f.illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:2.res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—Bonae artes.(α).A good, laudable way of dealing:(β).qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—Liberal arts and sciences:3.litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—Bona fides, or fides bona.a.Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:b.dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—Jurid. t. t.(α).Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:(β).ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:4.actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—Bona verba.(α).Kind words:(β).Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—Words of good omen (v. omen):(γ).dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—Elegant or well-chosen expressions:(δ).quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—Moral sayings:5.non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —Bona dicta.(α).Polite, courteous language:(β).hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:6.dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—Bona facta.(α).= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:(β).nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):(γ).bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:7.peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—Bona gratia.(α).A friendly understanding:(β).cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—8.Bona pars.(α).The well-disposed part of a body of persons:(β).ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):(γ).civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):(δ).bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:(ε).nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—Adverb.:(ζ).bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:9.Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—Dies bonus or bona.(α).A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):(β).tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—10.Bonus mos.(α).Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:(β).nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:11.ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —Adverbial phrases.a.Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.(α).To be of good cheer or courage:(β).bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:(γ).audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—Bonus animus, good temper, patience:b.bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—Bono modo.(α).= placide, with composure, moderation:(β).si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—In a decent manner:c.neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:II.te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.As subst.A.bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.1.In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.(α).Plur.:(β).bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—Sing.:2.malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—Bonus, a man of honor.(α).A brave man:(β).pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —A gentleman:3. (α).quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;(β).so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—Without reference to political views;4.opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—5.Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.(α).Referring to morality:(β).esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—Of the educated classes:(γ). (δ).adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—In gen., excellent:(ε).optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—Distributively:(ζ).ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):(η).hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—Attributively, with a noun:2. 1.optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;2.nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:3.quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—Bonum or bona, prosperity:4.fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—Good qualities, gifts:5.omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—Advantage, benefit:6.si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:7. a.si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—In gen.:b.paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.(α).Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—(β).Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:(γ).postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—c.In bonis esse;III.with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.Predicative use.A.With nouns or pronouns as subjects.1.Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:2.nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:3.jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—To be kind:4.bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—With reference to the gods:B.ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—Impers.1.Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).(α). (β).With subject inf.:2.nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—Melius est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—With subject inf.-clause:(γ).meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—With ut-clause:(δ).quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—With subjectclause in the subjunctive:3.nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—Optimum est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—With inf.-clause:(γ).constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—With ut and subj:(δ).hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—With quod:(ε).illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):IV.sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:V.di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.With object expressed,1.By dat.(α).= good, useful, beneficial for:(β).ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—= benignus or propitius, kind to:(γ).vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:(δ).qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:(ε).accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—With dat. gerund:2.ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—By ad and acc.:refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14. -
78 sperata
spēro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.I.To hope (something desirable), to look for, trust, expect; to promise or flatter one's self (the predom. signif. of the word; syn.: confido, exspecto).(α).Absol.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potes sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):(β).quoad Pompeius in Italiā fuit, sperare non destiti,
Cic. Att. 9, 10, 3:sperat animus,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 36:ut neque accusator timere neque reus sperare debuerit,
Cic. Clu. 7, 20:jubes bene sperare et bono esse animo,
id. Deiot. 14, 38:Attica nostra quid agat, scire cupio: etsi tuae litterae recte sperare jubent,
id. Att. 13, 17:tu jam, ut spero et ut promittis, aderis,
id. ib. 16, 3, 4:omnia experiar et, ut spero, assequar... Sed, ut spero, valebis,
id. ib. 7, 2, 6:ut mihi detis hanc veniam accommodatam huic reo, vobis, quemadmodum spero, non molestam,
id. Arch. 2, 3:Argyrippus exorari spero poterit, ut sinat, etc.,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 67; cf.: Ch. Non usus veniet, spero. Sy. Spero hercle ego quoque, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 42:interea fiet aliquid, spero,
id. And. 2, 1, 14: salvus sit;spero,
id. Ad. 3, 3, 57.—With acc.:(γ).his omnibus victoriam sperantibus pacis nomen adferemus,
Cic. Phil. 12, 5, 10:consulatum,
id. ib. 12, 6, 14:gloriam sperabit a latronum gregibus,
id. ib. 12, 10, 26: magis adversos rerum exitus metuens quam sperans secundos, id. Fam. 6, 14, 1:id ego et speraram prudentiā tuā fretus, et, ut confiderem, fecerunt tuae litterae,
id. ib. 12, 18: a quo nihil speres boni rei publicae, quia non vult;nihil metuas mali, quia non audet,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:a quo genere hominum victoriam sperasset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 96 fin.:omnia ex victoriā et ex suā liberalitate sperarent,
id. ib. 3, 6; cf. id. ib. 3, 60:quibus (tormentis) ipsi magna speravissent,
id. ib. 2, 16 fin.:spero meliora,
Cic. Att. 14, 16, 3:aliquid sibi,
id. Tusc. 1, 36, 86; Sall. C. 37, 6:bona alicuius,
Cic. Phil. 11, 6, 13:hoc sperans, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 3, 85:sperare victoriam ab aliquo,
id. B. C. 3, 96: quod sapienter speravimus, perseveranter consectari, have expected, Col. praef. §29: sperata gloria (opp. parta),
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15; Liv. 28, 41, 6:sperata praeda,
Caes. B. G. 6, 8:spem speratam quom optulisti,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 2:civitatem optandam magis quam sperandam quam minimam posuit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 30, 52; Liv. 4, 15, 5:exitum malis sperare,
Sall. C. 40, 2:amicitiam, regnum,
id. J. 24, 5:mortem honestam,
id. H. 2, 41, 2 Dietsch:salutem,
id. C. 58, 16:spes,
Curt. 5, 10, 1:mali poenam, Lact. de Ira, 16, 8: perpetuam felicitatem,
Suet. Aug. 94; id. Vesp. 12; Sen. Ira, 3, 31, 2; Just. 21, 2, 5:sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem bene praeparatum Pectus,
Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:grata superveniat, quae non sperabitur hora,
id. Ep. 1, 4, 14 et saep.: dis sum fretus, deos sperabimus, we will hope or trust in the gods, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38; cf. id. Mil. 4, 5, 10; id. Cist. 2, 3, 52.—With obj.-clause (so most freq.; usually with inf. fut.; less freq. but class. with inf. pres. or perf.).—With inf. fut.:(δ).ego me confido liberum fore, tu te numquam speras,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 15; Cic. Rep. 1, 20, 33:ex quibus sperant se maximum fructum esse capturos,
id. Lael. 21, 79:quod amicitiae nostrae memoriam spero sempiternam fore, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 15:tu fac animo forti magnoque sis, speresque fore, ut, etc.,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 6 fin.; cf.:spero fore, ut contingat id nobis,
id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 et saep.— With inf. pres.:qui istoc te speras modo Potesse dissimulando infectum hoc reddere,
Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 22:spero me habere, qui hunc excruciem,
Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 11:sperat se a me avellere,
id. ib. 3, 3, 14:totius Galliae sese potiri posse sperant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3:spero, quae tua prudentia est, et hercule, ut me jubet Acastus, confido te jam, ut volumus, valere,
Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1:sperabam tuum adventum appropinquare,
id. Fam. 4, 6, 3:speremus, nostrum nomen volitare et vagari latissime,
id. Rep. 1, 17, 26:spero te mihi ignoscere, si, etc.,
id. Fam. 1, 6, 2:spero esse, ut volumus,
id. Att. 12, 6 b, 4:ita quiddam spero nobis profici, cum, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 1; Sall. H. 4, 61, 2 Dietsch:speramus carmina fingi posse,
Hor. A. P. 331: neque ego hanc abscondere furto Speravi, ne finge, fugam, I did not hope or expect, Verg. A. 4, 338.—So esp. when used like Engl. hope, in the sense trust, believe:spero nostram amicitiam non egere testibus,
Cic. Fam. 2, 2:id enim deos immortalis spero aequissimum judicare,
id. Phil. 11, 15, 39; cf. infra, II. fin. —With inf. perf.:speravi miser Ex servitute me exemisse filium,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 99:me ejus spero fratrem propemodum Jam repperisse,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123:sperabam jam defervisse adulescentiam,
id. Ad. 1, 2, 72: spero tibi me causam probasse;cupio quidem certe,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 4:spero cum Crassipede nos confecisse,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2:et tum mirifice sperabat se esse locutum,
Cat. 84, 3:sperasse libertatem se civium suorum emisse,
Liv. 4, 15, 6:sperabam ita notata me reliquisse genera, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 1; id. Att. 2, 21, 2; 10, 7, 3. —Ellipt.:qui semper vacuam, semper amabilem Sperat (sc. te fore),
Hor. C. 1, 5, 11.—With ut and subj.:(ζ).quoniam, ut salvum vellent tyrannum, sperare non poterat,
Liv. 34, 27, 3:ut patiatur... nec sperandum ulli nec concupiscendum est,
Sen. ad Polyb. 18, 6; Just. 5, 3, 3.—() In a Greek construction, with fut. part.:visura et quamvis numquam speraret Ulixen, etc. (for se visuram esse),
Prop. 2, 9, 7 Paley ad loc.—With de (very rare):II.neque de otio nostro spero jam,
Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5; id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6: de eo bene sperare (with obj.clause, cf. g supra), Nep. Milt. 1, 1.—To look for, expect, apprehend that which is undesired, elpizô (rare, and mostly poet.;in Cic. only with non, and ironically): nam quod tu speres, propulsabo facile,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 21:mihi non hoc miserae sperare jubebas, Sed conubia laeta,
Cat. 64, 140:haec merui sperare? dabis mihi, perfida, poenas,
Prop. 2, 5, 3:hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem, Et perferre, soror, potero,
Verg. A. 4, 419 (cf. Quint. 8, 2, 3); cf. Flor. 3, 1, 1:haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt Tempore, cum, etc.,
Verg. A. 11, 275:mene efferre pedem, genitor, te posse relicto Sperasti?
id. ib. 2, 658; cf. Suet. Caes. 60:si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma, At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi,
expect, fear, Verg. A. 1, 543:exstinguine mea Speravi te posse manu,
Val. Fl. 3, 295:aliquod in Africā bellum,
Flor. 3, 1, 1:jam quartanam sperantibus aegris,
Juv. 4, 57.—With a negative particle: Sc. Moneo ego te: te deseret ille aetate et satietate. Ph. Non spero. Sc. Insperata accidunt magis saepe quam quae speres, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 40: id quod non spero, Afran ap. Charis. p. 195 P.:sin a vobis, id quod non spero, deserar,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10: te tam mobili in me meosque esse animo non sperabam, Q. Metell. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 1, 2:non speravi te sequi,
Stat. Th. 6, 139.—Ironically:quoniam haec satis spero vobis molesta videri,
Cic. de Or. 3, 13, 51.—Hence, spērātus, a, um, P. a., that is hoped or longed for; as subst.: spērātus, i, m.; spērāta, ae, f., a betrothed, intended, a lover; a bride (ante- and post-class.): curre et nuntia Venire me et mecum speratum adducere, Afran. ap. Non. 174, 31:sperata, salve,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 97; so, sperata, id. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, 7, 71; Afran. ap. Non. 174, 33; Arn. 4, 140; Hyg. Fab. 31; 33.—Once also of a wife not seen for a long time:Amphitruo uxorem salutat laetus speratam suam,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 53. -
79 spero
spēro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.I.To hope (something desirable), to look for, trust, expect; to promise or flatter one's self (the predom. signif. of the word; syn.: confido, exspecto).(α).Absol.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potes sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):(β).quoad Pompeius in Italiā fuit, sperare non destiti,
Cic. Att. 9, 10, 3:sperat animus,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 36:ut neque accusator timere neque reus sperare debuerit,
Cic. Clu. 7, 20:jubes bene sperare et bono esse animo,
id. Deiot. 14, 38:Attica nostra quid agat, scire cupio: etsi tuae litterae recte sperare jubent,
id. Att. 13, 17:tu jam, ut spero et ut promittis, aderis,
id. ib. 16, 3, 4:omnia experiar et, ut spero, assequar... Sed, ut spero, valebis,
id. ib. 7, 2, 6:ut mihi detis hanc veniam accommodatam huic reo, vobis, quemadmodum spero, non molestam,
id. Arch. 2, 3:Argyrippus exorari spero poterit, ut sinat, etc.,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 67; cf.: Ch. Non usus veniet, spero. Sy. Spero hercle ego quoque, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 42:interea fiet aliquid, spero,
id. And. 2, 1, 14: salvus sit;spero,
id. Ad. 3, 3, 57.—With acc.:(γ).his omnibus victoriam sperantibus pacis nomen adferemus,
Cic. Phil. 12, 5, 10:consulatum,
id. ib. 12, 6, 14:gloriam sperabit a latronum gregibus,
id. ib. 12, 10, 26: magis adversos rerum exitus metuens quam sperans secundos, id. Fam. 6, 14, 1:id ego et speraram prudentiā tuā fretus, et, ut confiderem, fecerunt tuae litterae,
id. ib. 12, 18: a quo nihil speres boni rei publicae, quia non vult;nihil metuas mali, quia non audet,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:a quo genere hominum victoriam sperasset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 96 fin.:omnia ex victoriā et ex suā liberalitate sperarent,
id. ib. 3, 6; cf. id. ib. 3, 60:quibus (tormentis) ipsi magna speravissent,
id. ib. 2, 16 fin.:spero meliora,
Cic. Att. 14, 16, 3:aliquid sibi,
id. Tusc. 1, 36, 86; Sall. C. 37, 6:bona alicuius,
Cic. Phil. 11, 6, 13:hoc sperans, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 3, 85:sperare victoriam ab aliquo,
id. B. C. 3, 96: quod sapienter speravimus, perseveranter consectari, have expected, Col. praef. §29: sperata gloria (opp. parta),
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15; Liv. 28, 41, 6:sperata praeda,
Caes. B. G. 6, 8:spem speratam quom optulisti,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 2:civitatem optandam magis quam sperandam quam minimam posuit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 30, 52; Liv. 4, 15, 5:exitum malis sperare,
Sall. C. 40, 2:amicitiam, regnum,
id. J. 24, 5:mortem honestam,
id. H. 2, 41, 2 Dietsch:salutem,
id. C. 58, 16:spes,
Curt. 5, 10, 1:mali poenam, Lact. de Ira, 16, 8: perpetuam felicitatem,
Suet. Aug. 94; id. Vesp. 12; Sen. Ira, 3, 31, 2; Just. 21, 2, 5:sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem bene praeparatum Pectus,
Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:grata superveniat, quae non sperabitur hora,
id. Ep. 1, 4, 14 et saep.: dis sum fretus, deos sperabimus, we will hope or trust in the gods, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38; cf. id. Mil. 4, 5, 10; id. Cist. 2, 3, 52.—With obj.-clause (so most freq.; usually with inf. fut.; less freq. but class. with inf. pres. or perf.).—With inf. fut.:(δ).ego me confido liberum fore, tu te numquam speras,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 15; Cic. Rep. 1, 20, 33:ex quibus sperant se maximum fructum esse capturos,
id. Lael. 21, 79:quod amicitiae nostrae memoriam spero sempiternam fore, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 15:tu fac animo forti magnoque sis, speresque fore, ut, etc.,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 6 fin.; cf.:spero fore, ut contingat id nobis,
id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 et saep.— With inf. pres.:qui istoc te speras modo Potesse dissimulando infectum hoc reddere,
Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 22:spero me habere, qui hunc excruciem,
Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 11:sperat se a me avellere,
id. ib. 3, 3, 14:totius Galliae sese potiri posse sperant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3:spero, quae tua prudentia est, et hercule, ut me jubet Acastus, confido te jam, ut volumus, valere,
Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1:sperabam tuum adventum appropinquare,
id. Fam. 4, 6, 3:speremus, nostrum nomen volitare et vagari latissime,
id. Rep. 1, 17, 26:spero te mihi ignoscere, si, etc.,
id. Fam. 1, 6, 2:spero esse, ut volumus,
id. Att. 12, 6 b, 4:ita quiddam spero nobis profici, cum, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 1; Sall. H. 4, 61, 2 Dietsch:speramus carmina fingi posse,
Hor. A. P. 331: neque ego hanc abscondere furto Speravi, ne finge, fugam, I did not hope or expect, Verg. A. 4, 338.—So esp. when used like Engl. hope, in the sense trust, believe:spero nostram amicitiam non egere testibus,
Cic. Fam. 2, 2:id enim deos immortalis spero aequissimum judicare,
id. Phil. 11, 15, 39; cf. infra, II. fin. —With inf. perf.:speravi miser Ex servitute me exemisse filium,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 99:me ejus spero fratrem propemodum Jam repperisse,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123:sperabam jam defervisse adulescentiam,
id. Ad. 1, 2, 72: spero tibi me causam probasse;cupio quidem certe,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 4:spero cum Crassipede nos confecisse,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2:et tum mirifice sperabat se esse locutum,
Cat. 84, 3:sperasse libertatem se civium suorum emisse,
Liv. 4, 15, 6:sperabam ita notata me reliquisse genera, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 1; id. Att. 2, 21, 2; 10, 7, 3. —Ellipt.:qui semper vacuam, semper amabilem Sperat (sc. te fore),
Hor. C. 1, 5, 11.—With ut and subj.:(ζ).quoniam, ut salvum vellent tyrannum, sperare non poterat,
Liv. 34, 27, 3:ut patiatur... nec sperandum ulli nec concupiscendum est,
Sen. ad Polyb. 18, 6; Just. 5, 3, 3.—() In a Greek construction, with fut. part.:visura et quamvis numquam speraret Ulixen, etc. (for se visuram esse),
Prop. 2, 9, 7 Paley ad loc.—With de (very rare):II.neque de otio nostro spero jam,
Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5; id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6: de eo bene sperare (with obj.clause, cf. g supra), Nep. Milt. 1, 1.—To look for, expect, apprehend that which is undesired, elpizô (rare, and mostly poet.;in Cic. only with non, and ironically): nam quod tu speres, propulsabo facile,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 21:mihi non hoc miserae sperare jubebas, Sed conubia laeta,
Cat. 64, 140:haec merui sperare? dabis mihi, perfida, poenas,
Prop. 2, 5, 3:hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem, Et perferre, soror, potero,
Verg. A. 4, 419 (cf. Quint. 8, 2, 3); cf. Flor. 3, 1, 1:haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt Tempore, cum, etc.,
Verg. A. 11, 275:mene efferre pedem, genitor, te posse relicto Sperasti?
id. ib. 2, 658; cf. Suet. Caes. 60:si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma, At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi,
expect, fear, Verg. A. 1, 543:exstinguine mea Speravi te posse manu,
Val. Fl. 3, 295:aliquod in Africā bellum,
Flor. 3, 1, 1:jam quartanam sperantibus aegris,
Juv. 4, 57.—With a negative particle: Sc. Moneo ego te: te deseret ille aetate et satietate. Ph. Non spero. Sc. Insperata accidunt magis saepe quam quae speres, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 40: id quod non spero, Afran ap. Charis. p. 195 P.:sin a vobis, id quod non spero, deserar,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10: te tam mobili in me meosque esse animo non sperabam, Q. Metell. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 1, 2:non speravi te sequi,
Stat. Th. 6, 139.—Ironically:quoniam haec satis spero vobis molesta videri,
Cic. de Or. 3, 13, 51.—Hence, spērātus, a, um, P. a., that is hoped or longed for; as subst.: spērātus, i, m.; spērāta, ae, f., a betrothed, intended, a lover; a bride (ante- and post-class.): curre et nuntia Venire me et mecum speratum adducere, Afran. ap. Non. 174, 31:sperata, salve,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 97; so, sperata, id. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, 7, 71; Afran. ap. Non. 174, 33; Arn. 4, 140; Hyg. Fab. 31; 33.—Once also of a wife not seen for a long time:Amphitruo uxorem salutat laetus speratam suam,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 53. -
80 veto
vĕto, ŭi, ĭtum, 1 (old form vŏto:I.votes,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 56:votitus,
id. As. 4, 1, 44; cf. Non. 45, 4; perf. ( poet. and late Lat.) vetavit, Pers. 5, 90:vetati sunt,
Vulg. Act. 16, 6), v. a. [etym. dub.], not to suffer a thing to take place, not to permit, to advise against, oppose, forbid, prohibit a thing; and, with a personal object, not to permit one to do a thing, to prevent or hinder him from doing it, not to grant, to forbid him a thing, etc. (syn.: interdico, inhibeo); constr. most freq. with acc. and inf., less freq. with the simple inf., the simple acc., with ut, ne, or the simple subj., or absol.In gen.a.With acc. and inf.:b.lex peregrinum vetat in murum ascendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 24, 100; cf.:quae (lex naturae) vetat ullam rem esse cujusquam, nisi ejus, qui tractare et uti sciat,
id. Rep. 1, 17, 27:ab opere legatos Caesar discedere vetuerat,
Caes. B. G. 2, 20:rationes a te collectae vetabant, me rei publicae penitus diffidere,
Cic. Fam. 5, 13, 3:ridentem dicere verum Quid vetat?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 25:non me ulla vetabunt Frigora Parthenios canibus circumdare saltus,
Verg. E. 10, 56:hos vetuit me numerare timor,
Prop. 2, 29 (3, 27), 4;2, 32 (3, 30), 8: cum leges duo ex unā familiā non solum magistratus creari vetarent, sed, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 33:castra... vallo muniri vetuit,
id. B. C. 1, 41:quae (lex) de capite civis Romani nisi comitiis centuriatis statui vetaret,
Cic. Rep. 2, 36, 61.— Pass.:cum equites Romani flere pro me edictis vetarentur,
Cic. Red. Quir. 5, 13:sterni vetabere terrā,
Luc. 4, 647:Nolani muros portasque adire vetiti,
Liv. 23, 16, 9:redemptoribus vetitis frumentum parare,
id. 34, 9, 12:ut a praefecto morum Hasdrubal cum eo vetaretur esse,
Nep. Ham. 3, 2; Luc. 6, 470; 7, 371.—With ut, ne, or the simple subj. ( poet.):c.sive jubebat, Ut faceret quid, Sive vetabat,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 124:edicto vetuit, ne quis se praeter Apellen Pingeret,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 239; id. S. 2, 3, 187:vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae, sub isdem Sit trabibus,
id. C. 3, 2, 26; Tib. 2, 6, 36.—With quin (ante- and postclass. and rare):d.nemo hinc prohibet nec votat, Quin quod palam'st venale, emas,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 33; Sen. Contr. 1, praef. 17.—With quominus (rare):e.at haec (sapientiā) nullā re, quo minus se exerceat, vetari potest,
Sen. Ep. 95, 8.—With inf. ( poet.):f.tabulae peccare vetantes,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 23:nec laevus vetet ire picus,
id. C. 3, 27, 15:unde proferre pedem pudor vetet,
id. A. P. 135; cf. id. C. 1, 6, 10; Mart. 6, 91, 1: quid vetat? with a foll. inf., Hor. S. 1, 10, 56; Ov. Am. 3, 7, 35; id. F. 1, 295.— Impers.:ait esse vetitum intro ad eram accedere,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6 (7), 24.—With acc.(α).Of the thing:(β).quia bella vetabat,
Verg. A. 2, 84:nec majora veto,
Ov. F. 2, 541: quid jubeatve vetetve, id. M. [p. 1983] 11, 493:iter mediis natura vetabat Syrtibus,
Luc. 9, 301:tristia damna vetabo,
Stat. S. 3, 1, 173: Val. Fl. 8, 304:solem vetuit Delia tardior,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 150:quercus Phoebum vetat,
keeps off, id. ib. 1624.— Pass.:fossam praeduxit, quā incerta Oceani vetarentur,
Tac. A. 11, 20:(ludere) vetitā legibus aleā,
Hor. C. 3, 24, 58:vetiti hymenaei,
Verg. A. 6, 623:vetitae terrae,
Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 21:factum vetitum,
Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 17:vetito ponto,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 1585.—Of the person:g.cum Graecos facerem Versiculos, vetuit me tali voce Quirinus, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 32:quos vetat igne Creon,
keeps off, Stat. Th. 12, 558.— Pass.:acta agimus: quod vetamur vetere proverbio,
Cic. Lael. 22, 85; cf.:vetustissimi mortalium nihil per metum vetabantur,
Tac. A. 3, 26:propter eandem causam facere debebimus, propter quam vetamur,
Quint. 4, 1, 65:quippe vetor fatis,
Verg. A. 1, 39:mathematici, genus hominum, quod in civitate nostrā et vetabitur semper et retinebitur,
Tac. H. 1, 22.—Absol.:II.lex omnis aut jubet aut vetat,
Quint. 7, 5, 5: optat supremo collocare Sisyphus In monte saxum;sed vetant leges Jovis,
Hor. Epod. 17, 69:res ipsa vetat,
Ov. M. 10, 354:a patria pelago vela vetante datis,
id. H. 13, 128; 13, 131.—In partic.: veto, I forbid it, I protest; the word with which the tribunes of the people declared their protest against any measure of the Senate or of the magistrates, Liv. 3, 13, 6; 6, 35, 9; Suet. Tib. 2 fin.:A.ut vim fieri vetarent,
Gell. 13, 12, 9.—Of the protest of the praetor against any unlawful measure, Cic. Caecin. 13, 36; Dig. 42, 1, 14. —And in the lang. of augury:vetat haruspex,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 28:volucres,
Cic. Div. 2, 38, 80:si vetet auspicium,
Ov. F. 6, 764.—Hence, vĕtĭtum, i, n.That which is forbidden or prohibited, a forbidden or prohibited thing:B.nitimur in vetitum semper cupimusque negata,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 17:sed jam de vetito quisque parabat opes,
id. F. 5, 282:venerem In vetitis numerant,
id. M. 10, 435:crebrescit occultis primum sermonibus, ut vetita solent,
Tac. A. 2, 39:agebat quaedam vetita legibus,
Amm. 28, 6, 3.—A prohibition, protest:jussa ac vetita populorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9; 3, 3, 10:quae contra vetitum discordia?
Verg. A. 10, 9; Suet. Caes. 43.
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