incepta+l

aetās, ātis, f. (zsgz. aus dem alten aevitas, v. aevum), die Zeitlichkeit, I) der einer Person od. Sache ihrer innern Natur nach zufallende Zeitteil, 1) die Lebenszeit, das Dasein, das Leben in seiner Zeitdauer betrachtet (während vita = das Leben nach seiner Lebenskraft), a) übh.: omnis aetas, das ganze Leben, Plaut. (s. Spengel Plaut. truc. 1, 1, 1): breve tempus aetatis, Cic.: cum in aetate grandiuscula esse coepisset, Augustin.: in aetate hominum, Plaut.: aetatis spatio probati, durch eine lange Lebensdauer, Cic.: volat aetas, Cic.: aetatem agere nudam, Cic., od. regio cultu, Sall., od. desidiose, Lucr., od. in litteris, Cic., od. domi, Enn. fr., od. sub ipsis septentrionibus, Gell., od. procul a republica, Sall.: aetas pure et eleganter et quiete acta, Cic.: aetatem degere cum alqo, Komik., od. inter feras, Cic.: omnem aetatem degere in tranquillitate sine dolore, Cic.: degere omne tempus aetatis sine molestia, Cic.: gerere aetatem cum alqo, Sulpic. in Cic. ep.: aetatem conterere in alqa re, Cic.: aetatem consumere in alqa re, Cic.: se suamque aetatem curant, Plaut. – aetatem, das liebe lange Leben hindurch, zeitlebens, für immer, Komik. u. Lucil. fr. (vgl. Brix Plaut. Men. 717. Lorenz Plaut. Pseud. 493. Wagner Ter. heaut. 716). – in aetate (hominum), im (menschlichen) Leben, je zuweilen (s. Brix Plaut. trin. 24), Plaut.: verb. in vita atque in aetate, Plaut.:

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u. in aetate sua, Plaut. – dah. aetas mea, tua = ich, du (s. Brix Plaut. Men. 675. Lorenz Plaut. Pseud. 110), in te nunc omnes spes sunt aetati meae, Plaut.: vae aetati tuae, vae capiti atque aetati tuae, Plaut.: aliquid tulisse mali capiti atque aetati illorum, Ter. – b) ein Menschenalter (von 30, selten u. nur bei Dichtern von 100 Jahren), eine Generation, tertiam iam aetatem hominum vivebat (Nestor), Cic.: hominis aetatem durare, Liv.: vixi annos bis centum; nunc tertia vivitur aetas, Ov. – 2) die Lebenszeit, in der jmd. gerade steht, das Lebensalter, die Jahre, das Alter, u. die einzelne Altersstufe, a) eig.: α) ohne nähere Bestimmung: aetas succedit aetati, Cic.: amicitia incepta a parvis cum aetate (mit den Jahren) accrevit, Ter.: filius id aetatis, Cic.: sumus id aetatis, Cic.: u. so hoc, illuc, istuc aetatis, Komik. (s. Brix Plaut. trin. 787): aetate superiores (Ggstz. pueri), Varr. – auch (v. mehreren) im Plur., vincunt numero, vincunt aetatibus, Cic.: ambo florentes aetatibus, Verg.: homines omnium aetatium, Gell. – aetas ( wie tempus) est mit Infin., Verg.: aetas desinit, incipit mit final. Infin., Verg. – u. insbes. bald = Jugend, forma (Schönheit) atque aetas, Ter.: neque sciebat neque per aetatem (wegen der J.) potis erat, Ter.: u. so amici regis, qui propter aetatem eius in curatione erant regni, Caes.: dedecora, quae aetas ipsius (seine Jugend = er in seiner J.) pertulit, Cic.: aetatis maxime paenitebat, an

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seine J. stieß man sich am meisten, Liv.: qui aliquid formae, aetatis artificiique habebant (Ggstz. qui senes ac deformes erant), Cic.: carus eris Romae, donec te deseret aetas, Hor. – bald = höheres od. hohes Alter, aetatis vacatio, Nep.: aetatis excusatio, Curt.: morbo atque aetate confectus, Sall.: aetate gravis, Liv.: nusquam tantum tribuitur aetati, nusquam senectus est honoratior, Cic.: aetate (vor A.) non quis obtuerier, Plant. – bald = das gereiftere, mannbare (heiratsfähige) Alter, in aetatem venire, Liv. 42, 34, 3, pervenire, Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 5056. – v. Lebl., aetas populorum et civitatum, Cic. de legg. 2, 9: aetates aedificiorum, Papin. dig. 30, 58: aetates tabularum, Petr. 88, 1: aetatem ferre (v. Wein), das hohe Alter vertragen, alt werden können (und doch nicht verderben), Cic. fr. bei Macr. sat. 2, 3, 2 (= Cic. fr. G. b 10 p. 344, 22 M.): so auch aetatem pati, Sen. ep. 36, 3. – β) mit näherer Bestimmung: iniens aetas, der Eintritt ins Leben (der Beginn der praktischen Wirksamkeit), Cic.: ab initio aetatis oder ab ineunte aetate, Cic.: a primo tempore oder a primis temporibus aetatis, Cic.: a prima aetate, Cic.: flos aetatis od. florens aetas, die Jugend, Cic.: bona aetas, die guten Jahre, Cic.: mala aetas, die bösen Jahre, Plaut. – ad petendum (magistratum) legitima aetas, Liv.: aetas militaris, das gesetzliche Jahr für den Kriegsdienst (das 17te), Sall.: quaestoria (das 31ste, unter Augustus das 25ste),

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Quint.: senatoria (das 25ste), Tac.: consularis (das 43ste), Cic. – aetas nova, die frische Jugend (Ggstz. aetas serior (das reifere Alter), Ov.: aetas integra, Afran, fr. u. Tac. (bes. aetate integrā, in der Blüte der Jugend, Pacuv. fr., Komik, u.a., s. Spengel Ter. Andr. 72): aetas iam constans, Cic., nondum constans, Suet.: media, Plaut. u. Cic. (s. Wagner Plaut. aul. 157): u. media aetas Falerni, Plin. 23, 34: firmata, Cic.: imbecilla, Sall., infirma, Cic.: pubes, Liv.: aetas iuvenilis, Augustin. ep. 36, 1: aetas virilis, s. virilis: tenera, Liv.: adulta, Cic.: grandior, Cic.: ingravescens, Cic.: extrema, Cic.: fessa aetas, Altersschwäche, Tac.: aetate iam affectā, schon in die Jahre, Cic.: aetate exactā, im hohen Alter, Pacuv. fr., Cic. u.a.: ebenso actā aetate, Cic.: aetas decrepita, Cic.: aetas senecta, Plaut., Sall. fr. u.a.: aetas grandaeva, Aur. Vict. epit. 41, 25: longissima, Cic.: inferior, superior aetas, Cic.: aetas maior, Gell.: si iam satis aetatis ac roboris esset, Cic.: quid aetatis tibi videor? Plaut.: quibus aetas ad militandum gravior esset, schon zu alt zum Kriegsdienst, Liv.: aetatem habes opportunissimam, du stehst im besten Alter, Cic. – b) meton. = die Menschen einer Altersstufe, die Altersklasse (s. Ticher Cic. de sen. 46): vestra, Leute eueres Alters, Cic.: puerilis aetas, das Knabenalter = die Knaben, Cic.: senilis aetas, das Greisenalter = die Greise, Cael. Aur. acut. 2, 13, 90: aetas

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robustior, Liv.: haec aetas nostra iuris ignara est, Cic.: omnes aetates, ordines, die Leute jedes Alters, jung u. alt, Cic.: u. so omnis aetas, Liv.: puellis ut saltem parcerent, a qua aetate etiam hostes abstinerent, Liv. – II) der einer Person od. Sache nur äußerlich zufallende Anteil an der Zeit, a) im engern Sinne, das Zeitalter, die Zeit, Romuli aetas, Cic.: ab aetatis huius memoria, Cic.: clarissimus imperator suae aetatis, Liv.: nostrā aetate, Quint.: heroicis aetatibus, Cic.: illustrium hominum aetates et tempora, Cic. – meton., das Zeitalter, die Zeit = die Menschen eines Zeitalters, das Geschlecht, nostra aetas, Liv.: secuta aetas, Plin.: incuriosa suorum aetas, Tac.: quid nos dura refugimus aetas? Hor.: impia perdemus devoti sanguinis aetas, Hor.: disce tamen, veniens aetas, Ov. – poet. übtr., verborum vetus aetas, die alten Geschlechter der Wörter, die altgewordenen Wörter, Hor. de art. poët. 61. – b) im weitern Sinne, der Zeitabschnitt, die Zeit übh., aurea aetas, das goldene Zeitalter, Ov.: sempiternae saeculorum aetates, Cic. – omnia fert aetas, Verg.: quidquid sub terra est, in apricum proferet aetas, Hor.: longa aetas, die Länge der Zeit, Hor.: aetate tam longā, Flor.: aetate, durch die Länge der Zeit, infolge der Verjährung, Flor. 3, 13, 7. – ⇒ Genet. Plur. gew. aetatum; doch auch nicht selten aetatium, Liv. u.a.; vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ 1, 409.

1. cōnsultor, ātus sum, ārī (depon. Nbf. zu consulto), jmd. zu Rate ziehen, alqm, Itala Isai. 40, 14 bei Tert. adv. Hermog. 17.

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2. cōnsultor, ōris, m. (consulo), I) der Ratpfleger, a) für sich, Afran. com. 332. – b) für andere, der Angeber, Urheber eines Rats, -einer Maßregel, Anstifter eines Plans, mehr unser Berater als unser Ratgeber (s. Dietsch Sall. Iug. 64, 5. Nipperd. Tac. ann. 6, 10 extr.), gravis ille consultor utilitatis alienae, Lact.: malum consilium consultori est pessimum (nach Hesiods: ἡ δὲ κακώ βουλώ τω βουλεύσαντι κακίστης), Poët. bei Varr.: Iovem aut alium quem deum consultorem exspectare, Sall.: egomet in agmine, in proelio consultor idem et socius periculi vobiscum adero, Sall.: prava incepta consultoribus noxae esse, Sall. fr.: quo laetius acceptum sua exempla in consultores recidisse, Tac. – v. personif. Abstr., u. zwar in Apposition zu fem., cupido atque ira, pessimi consultores, Sall. Iug. 64, 5. – II) der Rat Suchende, Befrager, a) eines Rechtsgelehrten, consultor ubi ostia pulsat, Hor.: consultoribus suis respondere, Cic.: alcis domus a consultoribus compleri solet, Cic.: quotiescumque de iure praediatorio consulebatur, ad Furium consultores reiciebat, Val. Max. – b) einer Orakelgottheit, dei, Lucan. 5, 187.

ex-sequor, (exequor), secūtus sum, sequī, I) nachfolgen, einer Leiche das Geleit geben, funus, an einem Leichenbegängnis teilnehmen, Massur. Sabin. bei Gell. 10, 15, 25: uxorem, Plaut. Epid. 174 G.: hunc omni laude et laetitiā, Cic. poët. Tusc. 1, 115. – II) übtr.: A) im allg.: einer Sache nachgehen, etw. verfolgen, alcis aspectum, sich nach jmds. Anblick sehnen, Plaut.: suam quisque spem, sua consilia, communibus deploratis, exsequentes, indem jeder ging, wohin ihn seine eigene Hoffnung und seine persönlichen Entschlüsse führten, da es mit den gemeinsamen vorbei war, Liv. – B) insbes.: 1) einer Partei, Sekte folgen, anhängen, sectam meam exsecutae comites, Catull. 63, 15. – 2) etwas verfolgen = vollziehen, vollstrecken, a) übh. = ausführen, durchsetzen, aliquid (irgend ein Geschäft), Cic.: imperium, Ter.: imperium celeriter, Sil.: mandatum, Curt.: mandata vestra, Cic.: propositum, Val. Max.: non ducis magis quam militis munia, Curt.: officia, Cic.: scelus, Curt.: cum alqo neque in via neque in foro ullum sermonem, sich in ein Gespräch einlassen, Plaut.: aeternitatem, die ewige Idee ins Werk richten, Cic.: absol., fuisse eum in consultando temerarium, in exsequendo virum, Vell. 2, 24, 5. – b) etw. geltend machen, ius suum, ICt., ius suum armis, Caes. – insbes., gerichtl. verfolgen, geltend machen, formulam iuris

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exsequendi constituere, Liv. – litem, causam, ICt. – crimen, iniurias, ICt. – c) ein richterl. Urteil vollstrecken, sententiam, rem iudicatam, ICt.: decretum suum, ICt. – 3) rächend verfolgen, etwas rächen, strafen, ahnden, über etwas eine Strafe verhängen, iura violata, dolorem, Liv.: delicta, Suet. – gerichtl., rem tam atrocem, Liv.: iniurias hospitum accusationibius voluntariis, Plin. ep.: rem severe, acriter, ICt. – absol., caesus est; exsequar, er ist getötet worden, so will ich ihn rächen, Sen. de ira 1, 12, 2. Vgl. Walch Tac. Agr. 19. p. 291. – 4) etwas mit Worten (mündlich od. schriftlich) ausführen, ausführlich berichten, -beschreiben, auseinandersetzen, erörtern, durchgehen, näher besprechen, ea vix verbis exsequi posse, Cic.: haec pluribus, Phaedr.: ea in libro primo, Quint.: verum (aber) hoc exsequi mitto, Quint.: ne exsequar singula, Suet.: viam consilii scelerati, Liv.: aërii mellis caelestia dona, Verg.: alcis od. alcis rei laudes, sich verbreiten über jmds. od. einer Sache Lob, Liv. epit. u. Plin.: singillatim crudeliter facta eius, Suet.: pardos latius, Solin.: subtiliter numerum, die Zahl genau angeben, Liv. – m. folg. Relativ- od. indir. Fragesatz, exsequebatur inde, quae sollemnis derivatio esset, Liv.: non possum exsequi, singuli quae passi sumus, Liv.: mihi quoque exsequendum reor, quae tunc Romana copia in armis sit, Tac.: diligentissime est exsecutus, quid cuique rei

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et quid cuique homini soleret accĭdere, Quint. – absol., perge exsequi, Plaut. Amph. 801: in exsequendo suas vires adhibere, Quint. 5, 1, 3. – 5) etwas verfolgen = etwas fortsetzen, in etw. fortfahren, alqd usque ad extremum, Cic.: incepta, Liv.: m. folg. Infin., Plaut. asin. 160 u. merc. 911. – 6) etwas durch fortgesetztes Fragen, Forschen od. eigenes Nachdenken ermitteln od. zu ermitteln suchen, a) durch Fragen, gew. mit quaerendo, inquirendo, sciscitando, fort und fort etwas od. nach etwas fragen, Erkundigungen einziehen, Nachforschungen anstellen, oft b. Liv. (s. Fabri Liv. 22, 3, 2). – bl. exs. m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, Liv. 35, 28, 4. – b) durch Nachdenken, si vis veram rationem exsequi, Ter.: exs. si quidem omnia humanus animus queat, erforschen, Plin.: quem locum ipse capturus esset, cogitando aut quaerendo exsequebatur, suchte er durch eigenes Nachdenken oder durch Nachfragen bei andern zu ermitteln, Liv. – 7) einem Übel sich unterziehen, es über sich ergehen lassen, hinnehmen, erdulden, hanc aerumnam, Plaut.: lucri causā probrum, Plaut.: sororis causā egestatem, Plaut.: fatum alcis, Cic. ep.: cladem illam fugamque, sich jener unheilvollen Flucht unterziehen, Cic.: mortem, an sich vollziehen, Plaut. u. Tac. – ⇒ Passiv, an prioris iudicis sententia exsequi possit, geltend gemacht werden, Ulp. dig. 2, 1, 19: exsecuto regis imperio, vollzogen, Iustin. 7, 3,

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2: u. so perraro intra statutum tempus sententiae exsequentur, Ulp. dig. 42, 1, 2. – Aktiver Infin. exsequere, Gregor. Turon. hist. Franc. 2, 34 in.

per-sequor, secūtus sum, sequī, I) einem Ggstde. beharrlich folgen, nachfolgen, nachgehen, A) eig.: 1) im allg.: alqm ipsius vestigiis, Cic.: vestigia alcis, Cic.: quae te sola persequitur, Verg. – 2) insbes.: a) feindlich verfolgen, nachsetzen, fugientes, Caes.: u. so feras, jagen, Ov.: beluas, Colum.: se mutuo (Ggstz. se mutuo amare), Salv. – absol., deterrere hostes a persequendo, Sall. – b) einen Ort forschend durchgehen, durchforschen, durchsuchen, omnes solitudines, Cic. Pis. 53. – c) der Zeit nach nachfolgen, erfolgen, exactā vindemiā gramine persecuto, nachdem Gras darübergewachsen ist, Pallad. 3, 26, 5. – B) übtr.: 1) im allg.: viam me, quam decrevi, persequi, Ter.: omnes vias, alle Wege einschlagen, alle Mittel ergreifen, Cic. – 2) insbes.: a) eifrig einer Sache nachgehen, nach etwas streben, etwas zu erreichen suchen, aufsuchen, voluptates, Cic.: suavitatem in vocibus, sich anzueignen suchen, Cic.: ebenso eosdem flores, Cic. – b) eifrig einer Sache nachgehen, -mit etwas sich beschäftigen, - etwas betreiben, artes, Cic.: non omnia deos persequi, Cic.: singula, Sen. – c) nachahmen, ironiam, Cic.: ea diligentissime, Cic.: alqm, Cic. – d) einer Sekte anhängen, zu ihr sich bekennen, Academiam, Cic.: sectam et instituta alcis, Cic. – e) rächend verfolgen, -bestrafen, rächen, alqm bello, Caes.: iniurias, Cic.:

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mortem alcis, Cic.: adulterium, Sen.: mendacia, Sen. – f) gerichtl. usw. verfolgen, α) eine Pers., alqm iudicio, Cic. – β) einen Ggstd. = zu behaupten-, geltend zu machen suchen, zu erlangen suchen, hereditatem, Ter.: ius suum, Cic.: bona sua lite atque iudicio, Cic.: u. so pecuniam ab alqo, einklagen, Cic.: poenas a seditioso cive per bonos viros iudicio, Cic.: ex usu quod est id persequar, Ter. – g) eine Handlung bis zum Ende verfolgen, etwas fortsetzen, mit etwas fortfahren, etwas ausführen, vollziehen, abschließen, mit etw. aufräumen, etw. beseitigen, societatem, fortsetzen, ferner unterhalten, Cic.: quaerendo, fortfahren zu fragen, Liv.: incepta, vollführen, Liv.: mandata, vollziehen, Cic.: vitam inopem et vagam, fort u. fort führen, Cic.: tantam sollertiam in sensibus, den S. eine so große G. verschaffen, Cic.: belli reliquias, Liv. u. Iustin.: si quid operis tibi etiamnum restat, id maximo opere censeo persequendum, Cic. – h) betrachtend-, erklärend-, beschreibend durchgehen, erklären, erzählen, beschreiben, vortragen, dies, omnia, alqd versibus, Cic.: quod non persequar longius, Cic.: ceteros, Cic.: de alcis vita, Nep.: dah. scripturā persequi, schriftlich abhandeln, Cic. – II) prägn., (nachfolgend) erreichen, einholen, nachkommen, zu jmd. od. etw. gelangen, es finden. A) eig.: alqm ne persequi quidem posse triginta diebus, Cic.: mors et fugacem persequitur virum. Hor. –

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B) übtr.: 1) verdienen, erwerben, erlangen, ICt. – 2) heben, einziehen, einkassieren, hereditates aut syngraphas, Cic. de legg. 3, 18. – 3) nachschreiben, protokollieren, celeritate scribendi, quae dicuntur, Cic. Sull. 42: multa diserte dixit, quae notarius persequi non potuit, Sen. apoc. 9, 2. – ⇒ Passiv, illa se in mare praecipitavit, ne persequeretur, Hyg. fab. 198: in David persecutus, Augustin. serm. 166, 2 Mai.

pro-fiteor, fessus sum, ērī (pro u. fateor), laut u. öffentlich-, frei bekennen, -gestehen, I) im allg.: non solum fateri, sed etiam profiteri, Cic. – mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., profiteor me relaturum, Cic. – m. de u. Abl., pr. de parricidio, Suet. – II) insbes.: A) öffentlich als den u. den od. zu dem u. dem sich bekennen, für den u. den od. das u. das sich erklären, sich so u. so nennen, a) mit dopp. Acc. pers.: pr. se patrem infantis, Cic.: se grammaticum, Cic.: amicum, sich Fr. nennen, Hor.: mit Acc. u. Infin., me defensorem esse profiteor, Cic. – b) mit Acc. rei: pr. philosophiam, Cic.: ius, Cic.: medicinam, Cels.: artem tesserariam, Amm. – c) absol. = öffentlicher Lehrer-, Professor sein, profiteri sapientiam, öffentlich lehren als professor sapientiae, Tac. hist. 4, 10: qui profitentur, Plin. ep.: ubi nunc profitetur, Plin. ep.: professus diu in patria, Suet. – B) etwas verheißen, a) = freiwillig anbieten, -antragen, -zusagen, zu etwas sich frewillig verstehen, sich anheischig machen, operam, Cic.: studium, Cic.: sumunt gentiles arma professa (zugesagten) manus, Ov.: pr. indicium, s. indicium no. I, A. – m. folg. Acc. u. Inf., profitetur se venturum, Cic. – absol., quis profitetur? wer bietet sich freiwillig (als Gastgeber) an? Plaut. capt. 480. – b) etw. verheißen = etwas hoffen lassen, professus grandia od. magna, v. sich Zierenden, Hor. u. Ov.:

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incepta magna professa, Hor.: viri cultum formamque profitentes, zur Schau tragend, Ov. – C) öffentlich, amtlich angeben, Namen, Vermögen usw., iugera, Cic.: frumentum, Liv.: nomen, Cic.; u. bl. profiteri, sich mit aufschreiben lassen, sich melden zum Kriegsdienste, zu einem Amte usw., Cic.: profiteri se candidatum, sich öffentlich als Bewerber angeben Suet.: profiteri lenocinium, sich als öffentliche Dirne beim Ädil angeben, Suet.: dah. professae (sc. feminae), öffentliche Dirnen, Ov.: bes. zur Versteuerung deklarieren, mit u. ohne Acc., censum (sein Vermögen), Ulp. fr. 1. § 8: namentl. bei den Zollbeamten, greges ovium ad publicanum, Varro r. r. 2, 1, 16: furtum (gestohlene Sache), Ps. Quint. decl. 341: rem, alienam rem non pr., ibid.: rem pr. u. bl. pr. apud publicanum, apud publicanos, Ps. Quint. decl. 359. Marcian. dig. 39, 4, 16. § 12: ne decipiat (publicanus) profiteri volentes, Marcian. dig. 39, 4, 19. § 6. – bildl., in his profitetur nomen suum, unter diese zählt er sich, Ter. – ⇒ a) Partic. professus, a, um, passiv, bekannt, d.i. sowohl = zugestanden, als = offenbar, offenkundig, culpa, Ov.: dux, Iustin.: mors, Phaedr.: ex professo, offenbar, ohne es zu leugnen, vorsätzlich, Sen. u. Quint.: dafür de professo, Apul. – b) Archaist. Infin. profiterei, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 206, 1 sqq.: Imperat. profitemino, ibid. 1, 206, 3. 5. 8. 10. – c) prōfiteor gemessen, Enn. fr. scen. 337. Plaut. Men.

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643. Ter. eun. prol. 3. Iuvenc. 2, 351.

prohibeo, uī, itum, ēre (pro u. habeo), fernhalten, abhalten, I) verhindernd abhalten, zurückhalten, abwehren, verhindern, verwehren, A) im allg.: α) alqm od. alqd ab alqa re: praedones ab insula Sicilia, Cic.: alqm ab alcis familiaritate et congressione, Cic.: hostem a pugna, Caes.: se suosque ab iniuria et maleficio, Caes.: vim hostium ab oppidis, Caes.: lasciviam a vobis prohibetote, Liv. – β) alqm alqā re: alqm transitu, Caes.: alqm finibus, Curt.: alqm primo aditu vestibuloque, Cic.: exercitum itinere, Caes.: alqm re publicā, Cic.: alqm Italiā, aus I. verbannen, Tac.: hostem rapinis populationibusque, Cic.: alqm sepulturā, jmdm. das B. verweigern, Curt. – u. ohne alqm: non pr. aquā profluente, Cic. – γ) alqd de alqa re: vim de classe Volcaniam, Lucil. 606. – δ) mit u. ohne alqm m. folg. Infin. (s. Dräger Histor. Synt. Bd. 2. S. 345. 2. Aufl.), baetere, Pacuv. fr.: fruges pergrandescere, Acc. fr.: ne me prohibeas accipere, Plaut.: ea facere tua prohibet praesentia, Ter.: pr. alqm exire domo, Cic.: peregrinos urbibus uti, Cic.: alqm mori, Cic.: circumvallare, Caes.: prohibentur adire ad filios, Cic.: im Gerundivum m. Infin., se ad prohibenda circumdari opera Aequi parabant, Liv.: nec prohibendos ex privato redimi, Liv. – m. Acc. u. Infin. Act. u. bes. Pass. (s. Müller Anh. II zu Liv. 2, 34, 11. Fabri Liv. 22, 34, 3. Heräus Tac. hist. 1, 62, 11), num igitur ignobi-

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litas... sapientem beatum esse prohibebit? Cic.: ut eos in senatu esse prohibeant, Caes.: monet, ut ignes in castris fieri prohibeat, Caes.: ut armari civitatem defendique prohibeant, Liv.: sororem regis perduci ad se prohibuit, Gell. – mit folg. ut u. Konj., di prohibeant, ut etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 151. Capit. Maximin. 28, 7. – m. folg. ne u. Konj., potuisti prohibere, ne fieret, Cic.: ne lustrum perficerent, mors prohibuit P. Furi, Liv. – m. folg. quin u. Konj., neu quisquam posthac prohibeto adulescentem filium, quin amet et scortum ducat, Plaut.: nec, quin erumperet, prohiberi poterat, Liv.: ohne vorherg. Negation, quin erumperet, morte prohibitus est, Tac. ann. 12, 29. – m. folg. quo minus u. Konj., se quaestorem vi prohibitum esse, quo minus e fano Dianae servum suum abduceret, Cic.: hiemem credo prohibuisse, quo minus de te certum haberemus, Cic.: partim prohibere, quo minus sumerent, Hirt. b. G.: si prohibere, quo minus in unum coirent, non posset, Liv.: prohibere sese non posse, quo minus aquam peterent, Auct. b. Alex. – ε) alqm alqd (doch nur Neutr. Pronom.): id eos ut prohiberet, Liv. 39, 45, 7: im Passiv, verum enim vero lege id prohiberi (sc. plebem) contumeliosum plebi est, Liv. 4, 4, 9. – ζ) alqm alci: obsecro, parentes ne meos mihi prohibeas, vorenthältst, Plaut. Curc. 605. – od. alqm alcis rei, Poenos captae aquilae, Sil. 6, 27. – od. alci alqd, verwehren, adversariis aditum, Auct. b. Afr. 31,

————

7. – η) bl. alqm od. alqd: Caesarem, Caes.: morbos, Cato: motus conatusque alcis, Cic.: aditum, Caes.: aditus, Ov.: quod di prohibeant, verhüten mögen, Ter.: incepta Socrati quaepiam prohibitum ire, Apul. de deo Socr. 19: large vagandi licentia prohibetur, Pallad.: prohibitis commeatibus, Iustin.: ad prohibendum transitum, Iustin. – θ) alqd in alqo, quod in (bei) aliis prohiberet, Iustin. 43, 2, 9. – ι) im Zshg. absol.: ut facile perpauci prohibere (sc. hostes transitu) possent, Caes.: nullo prohibere auso (sc. vestes induere), Curt. – B) insbes., mit Worten verhindern od. zu verhindern suchen, verwehren, verbieten, untersagen, α) alqm alqā re, prohibiti publice in decem annos eius modi coetu Pompeiani, Tac. ann. 14, 17. – β) alqd: lex recta imperans prohibensque contraria, Cic.: m. folg. Infin., lex, quae prohibet adulteram sine adultero occīdere, Quint. – u. (vulgär) pr. alcui m. Infin., idcirco prohibuit ei deus de arbore vitae contingere, Augustin. serm. 187, 2 Mai. – im Passiv m. folg. Nom. u. Infin., affectus movere prohibebatur orator, wurde dem R. verwehrt, Quint. – γ) absol.: nemo hic prohibet nec vetat, Plaut.: prohibente deo, gegen das Verbot des G., Tibull. – dah. prohibita, ōrum, n., Verbotenes, verbotene Dinge, prohibitis abstinere, Sen. ep. 83, 19. – II) beschützend fernhalten, vor etw. bewahren, beschützen, sichern, mit etw. verschonen, α) alqm ab alqa re: virginem ab impetu armatorum,

————

Cic.: rem publicam a periculo, Cic. – β) alqm alqā re: magnum eorum civium numerum calamitate, Cic.: tenuiores iniuriā, Cic.: Campaniam populationibus, Liv.: uxor prohibita servitio, Liv. – γ) alqm alqd (doch nur Neutr. Pronom.): id (davor) te Iuppiter prohibessit, Plaut. Pseud. 14: zugl. m. folg. quin u. Konj., neque me Iuppiter neque di omnes id prohibebunt, si volent, quin sic faciam, uti constitui, Plaut. Amph. 1051. – ⇒ Archaist. Coni. Perf. prohibessis, -it, Enn. fr. scen. 286*. Cato r. r. 141, 2. Plaut. Pseud. 14. Cic. de legg. 3, 6 (in einer Gesetzesformel). – synkop. probet = prohibet, Lucr. 3, 862, u. probeat = prohibeat, Lucr. 1, 977 (vgl. Lachm. Commentar. p. 187 sq.).

1. secundo, āvī, āre (secundus), I) begünstigen, beglücken, aura secundat iter, Prop.: secundante vento, bei günstigem Winde, Tac. u. Iustin.: di incepta secundent, Verg.: ut eventus secundet, Verg.: cum divina providentia nostros uberius secundarit exercitus, Vopisc. 15, 7: et cetera etiam quae ad agrorum exercitia secundarent, mit helfen, Iul. Val. 2, 18 extr. (ed. Paris.); vgl. 3, 16. – II) gefällig sein, nachgeben, sec. in loco, Ter. adelph. 994 Umpf. u. Spengel.

————————

2. secundō, Adv. (secundus), I) zweitens, Varro, Cic. u.a.: primum... secundo, Varro LL. 8, 63. Donat. Ter. Andr. – II) zum zweitenmal, Spart. Hadr. 4, 4 u. 23, 13. Eutr. 2, 19; 4, 17; 5, 1. Lact. 4, 17, 9 (aber zweifelh. b. Auct. b. Alex. 40, 2). – III) zweimal, Capit Gord. 6, 6. Treb. Poll. Gall. 17, 4.

* * *

ac-cresco ( adc.), ēvi, ētum, 3, v. n., to grow, to become larger by growth, to increase.

Lit.:

nobis jam paulatim adcrescere puer incipiat,

Quint. 1, 2, 1; so,

adcrescens imperator,

Amm. 27, 6, 13:

eruca,

Plin. 11, 32, 37; ib. 35, 41:

flumen subito,

Cic. Inv. 2, 31, 97; so,

nondum adcrescente unda,

Tac. A. 2, 8:

caespes jam pectori usque adcreverat,

id. ib. 1, 19.—Part.:

adcretus, in pass. sense,

wrapped up, Plin. 11, 32, 37.—

Of abstract subjects:

valetudo decrescit, adcrescit labor,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 4:

amicitiam, quae incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:

dolores,

Nep. Att. 21, 4:

invidia,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 26:

magnum facinus,

Sen. Ben. 1, 10, 4.—

Transf., in gen.

To be added to by way of increase or augmentation, to be joined or annexed to:

si decem jugera (agri) alluvione adcreverint,

Dig. 19, 1, 13, § 14:

veteribus negotiis nova adcrescunt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 8, 3:

sibi adcrescere putat, quod cuique adstruatur,

id. Pan. 62, 8:

trimetris adcrescere jussit nomen iambeis,

Hor. A. P. 252:

cum dictis factisque omnibus vana accresceret fides,

Liv. 1, 54, 2.—Hence,

Jurid. t. t., to fall to one, as an increase of his property, Gai. 2, 199; Dig. 12, 4, 12 al.:

jus adcrescendi,

the right of increase, Gai. 2, 126; Dig. 7, 2, 1, § 3 al.

ac-cresco ( adc.), ēvi, ētum, 3, v. n., to grow, to become larger by growth, to increase.

Lit.:

nobis jam paulatim adcrescere puer incipiat,

Quint. 1, 2, 1; so,

adcrescens imperator,

Amm. 27, 6, 13:

eruca,

Plin. 11, 32, 37; ib. 35, 41:

flumen subito,

Cic. Inv. 2, 31, 97; so,

nondum adcrescente unda,

Tac. A. 2, 8:

caespes jam pectori usque adcreverat,

id. ib. 1, 19.—Part.:

adcretus, in pass. sense,

wrapped up, Plin. 11, 32, 37.—

Of abstract subjects:

valetudo decrescit, adcrescit labor,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 4:

amicitiam, quae incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:

dolores,

Nep. Att. 21, 4:

invidia,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 26:

magnum facinus,

Sen. Ben. 1, 10, 4.—

Transf., in gen.

To be added to by way of increase or augmentation, to be joined or annexed to:

si decem jugera (agri) alluvione adcreverint,

Dig. 19, 1, 13, § 14:

veteribus negotiis nova adcrescunt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 8, 3:

sibi adcrescere putat, quod cuique adstruatur,

id. Pan. 62, 8:

trimetris adcrescere jussit nomen iambeis,

Hor. A. P. 252:

cum dictis factisque omnibus vana accresceret fides,

Liv. 1, 54, 2.—Hence,

Jurid. t. t., to fall to one, as an increase of his property, Gai. 2, 199; Dig. 12, 4, 12 al.:

jus adcrescendi,

the right of increase, Gai. 2, 126; Dig. 7, 2, 1, § 3 al.

consultor, ōris, m. [consulo].

One who maturely considers, reflects, takes counsel upon a thing, etc., Afran. ap. Non. p. 5, 6, 8 (Com. Rel. v. 332 Rib.).—

One who gives counsel, a counsellor, adviser.

Prop. (several times in Sallust;

elsewh. rare): egomet in agmine, aut in proelio consultor idem et socius periculi vobiscum adero,

Sall. J. 85, 47; so id. ib. 103, 7; id. H. 3, 61, 15 Dietsch.—

Prov.: malum consilium consultori est pessumum, Annal. Max. ap. Gell. 4, 5 (acc. to Hes. Op. et D. 264: Hê de kakê boulê tôi bouleusanti kakistê), and Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 1; cf.:

prava incepta consultoribus noxae esse,

Sall. H. 1, 48, 1 Dietsch:

sua exempla in consultores recidisse,

Tac. A. 6, 10.—

Trop.:

ita cupidine atque irā, pessumis consultoribus, grassari,

Sall. J. 64, 5.—

He who asks counsel of one, a consulter; esp. used of him who consults a lawyer in reference to a suit at law, a client (several times in Cic.;

elsewh. rare),

Cic. Balb. 19, 45; id. Mur. 9, 22 bis; id. Tusc. 5, 38, 112; * Hor. S. 1, 1, 10:

dei,

Luc. 5, 187 (i. e. qui consulis deum, Schol.).

consultor, āri, v. 2. consulto fin.

ex-sĕquor or exĕquor, cūtus, 3, v. dep. a., to follow to the end, to pursue, follow.

In partic., to follow or accompany to the grave (cf. the deriv. exsequiae): funus, Massur. Sabin. ap. Gell. 10, 16, 25: aliquem omni laude et laetitia, Cic. poëta in Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (a transl. of ekpempein, in Eurip.).

Trop. (class.; most freq. in the special significations).

In gen., to follow, follow after, accompany; to go after, to pursue:

quae exanimata exsequitur aspectum tuum,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 3: quid petam praesidi aut exsequar? Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 112 ed. Vahl.):

non igitur dubium, quin aeternitatem maluerit exsequi, etc.,

to follow after, take pattern after, Cic. Univ. 2 fin.:

cur non omnes fatum illius (Pompei) una exsecuti sumus?

followed, pursued, subjected ourselves to, id. Att. 9, 12, 1; cf. id. Phil. 2, 22, 54:

sectam meam exsecutae comites,

joined, Cat. 63, 15:

suam quisque spem, sua consilia, communibus deploratis, exsequentes,

Liv. 5, 40, 5: aerumnam, qs. to pursue, i. e. to undergo, suffer, endure, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 1:

egestatem,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 60:

mortem,

id. Ps. 4, 2, 38:

probrum,

id. Truc. 2, 5, 8.—

In partic.

To follow up, prosecute, carry out; to perform, execute, accomplish, fulfil (syn.:

conficio, perficio, perago, consummo, patro, perpetro, absolvo): nullam rem oportet dolose aggrediri, nisi Astute accurateque exsequare,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 10; cf.:

est difficile id non exsequi usque ad extremum,

Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 5:

inceptum hoc itiner perficere exsequar,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 72 and 88:

incepta,

Liv. 30, 4, 10:

imperium,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 22:

mandata vestra,

Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9:

omnia regis officia et munera,

id. de Sen. 10, 34; cf.:

munus officii (with tueri),

id. ib. 20, 72:

munus (with fungi),

id. Tusc. 3, 7, 15:

negotia,

id. Off. 1, 23, 79:

obsidiones,

Tac. A. 15, 4:

scelus,

Curt. 8, 6:

sermonem cum aliquo,

to converse, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 5: cum civitas armis jus suum exsequi conaretur, to assert, maintain, * Caes. B. G. 1, 4, 3:

comptam et mitem orationem,

Cic. de Sen. 9, 28.—With a rel.-clause:

quem locum ipse capturus esset, cogitando aut quaerendo exsequebatur,

Liv. 35, 28, 4:

summa omnia cum cura inquirendo exequebatur,

id. 22. 3, 2.—With ut:

mihi Exsequi certa res est, ut abeam Potius hinc ad forum, quam domi cubem,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 17.—

To go through with in speaking, to relate, describe, say, tell (freq. since the Aug. period):

quae vix verbis exsequi possum,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 6:

quidam exsecuti sunt verbosius,

Quint. 5, 12, 15: si omnia exsequi velim, Liv. 27, 27, 12:

haec omnia copiosius,

Quint. 9, 3, 89:

quae diligentius,

id. 10, 4, 6:

quae divine in Oratore (Tullius),

id. 1, 6, 18:

caelestia dona aërii mellis,

Verg. G. 4, 2; cf.:

laudes brassicae,

Plin. 20, 9, 33, § 78:

numerum subtiliter,

Liv. 3, 5, 13:

sententias,

Tac. A. 3, 65:

vetera facunde,

id. ib. 12, 58:

vera,

id. ib. 11, 21:

imagines et elogia universi generis,

Suet. Galb. 3 et saep.—

To pursue with punishment, to punish, avenge (perh. not ante-Aug.):

omnia scire, non omnia exsequi,

Tac. Agr. 19:

deorum hominumque violata jura,

Liv. 3, 25, 8:

injurias accusationibus,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 5:

delicta,

Suet. Caes. 67:

doloris exsequendi jus,

Liv. 5, 11, 5:

justum dolorem,

Dig. 29, 5, 33.— Absol.: pater caedetur? defendam: caesus est? exsequar, Sen. de Ira, 1, 12; Dig. 34, 9, 22.—Once with a pers. object:

me L. Tarquinium Superbum cum scelerata coniuge, etc., ferro, igni exsecuturum,

to pursue, Liv. 1, 59, 1 (MSS.; Weissenb. et al. exacturum).—Hence, exsĕ-quens ( exeq-), entis, P. a. (acc. to II.), searching after, studious of:

memoriarum veterum exsequentissimus,

Gell. 10, 12, 9.

► exsequi as pass.: quaerebatur an prioris judicis sententia exsequi possit, could be carried out (cf. II. B. supra), Dig. 2, 1, 19.—Hence, exsĕcūtus ( exec-), a, um, in pass. signif.:

exsecuto regis imperio,

executed, Just. 7, 3, 2.

ex-sĕquor or exĕquor, cūtus, 3, v. dep. a., to follow to the end, to pursue, follow.

In partic., to follow or accompany to the grave (cf. the deriv. exsequiae): funus, Massur. Sabin. ap. Gell. 10, 16, 25: aliquem omni laude et laetitia, Cic. poëta in Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (a transl. of ekpempein, in Eurip.).

Trop. (class.; most freq. in the special significations).

In gen., to follow, follow after, accompany; to go after, to pursue:

quae exanimata exsequitur aspectum tuum,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 3: quid petam praesidi aut exsequar? Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 112 ed. Vahl.):

non igitur dubium, quin aeternitatem maluerit exsequi, etc.,

to follow after, take pattern after, Cic. Univ. 2 fin.:

cur non omnes fatum illius (Pompei) una exsecuti sumus?

followed, pursued, subjected ourselves to, id. Att. 9, 12, 1; cf. id. Phil. 2, 22, 54:

sectam meam exsecutae comites,

joined, Cat. 63, 15:

suam quisque spem, sua consilia, communibus deploratis, exsequentes,

Liv. 5, 40, 5: aerumnam, qs. to pursue, i. e. to undergo, suffer, endure, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 1:

egestatem,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 60:

mortem,

id. Ps. 4, 2, 38:

probrum,

id. Truc. 2, 5, 8.—

In partic.

To follow up, prosecute, carry out; to perform, execute, accomplish, fulfil (syn.:

conficio, perficio, perago, consummo, patro, perpetro, absolvo): nullam rem oportet dolose aggrediri, nisi Astute accurateque exsequare,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 10; cf.:

est difficile id non exsequi usque ad extremum,

Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 5:

inceptum hoc itiner perficere exsequar,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 72 and 88:

incepta,

Liv. 30, 4, 10:

imperium,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 22:

mandata vestra,

Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9:

omnia regis officia et munera,

id. de Sen. 10, 34; cf.:

munus officii (with tueri),

id. ib. 20, 72:

munus (with fungi),

id. Tusc. 3, 7, 15:

negotia,

id. Off. 1, 23, 79:

obsidiones,

Tac. A. 15, 4:

scelus,

Curt. 8, 6:

sermonem cum aliquo,

to converse, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 5: cum civitas armis jus suum exsequi conaretur, to assert, maintain, * Caes. B. G. 1, 4, 3:

comptam et mitem orationem,

Cic. de Sen. 9, 28.—With a rel.-clause:

quem locum ipse capturus esset, cogitando aut quaerendo exsequebatur,

Liv. 35, 28, 4:

summa omnia cum cura inquirendo exequebatur,

id. 22. 3, 2.—With ut:

mihi Exsequi certa res est, ut abeam Potius hinc ad forum, quam domi cubem,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 17.—

To go through with in speaking, to relate, describe, say, tell (freq. since the Aug. period):

quae vix verbis exsequi possum,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 6:

quidam exsecuti sunt verbosius,

Quint. 5, 12, 15: si omnia exsequi velim, Liv. 27, 27, 12:

haec omnia copiosius,

Quint. 9, 3, 89:

quae diligentius,

id. 10, 4, 6:

quae divine in Oratore (Tullius),

id. 1, 6, 18:

caelestia dona aërii mellis,

Verg. G. 4, 2; cf.:

laudes brassicae,

Plin. 20, 9, 33, § 78:

numerum subtiliter,

Liv. 3, 5, 13:

sententias,

Tac. A. 3, 65:

vetera facunde,

id. ib. 12, 58:

vera,

id. ib. 11, 21:

imagines et elogia universi generis,

Suet. Galb. 3 et saep.—

To pursue with punishment, to punish, avenge (perh. not ante-Aug.):

omnia scire, non omnia exsequi,

Tac. Agr. 19:

deorum hominumque violata jura,

Liv. 3, 25, 8:

injurias accusationibus,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 5:

delicta,

Suet. Caes. 67:

doloris exsequendi jus,

Liv. 5, 11, 5:

justum dolorem,

Dig. 29, 5, 33.— Absol.: pater caedetur? defendam: caesus est? exsequar, Sen. de Ira, 1, 12; Dig. 34, 9, 22.—Once with a pers. object:

me L. Tarquinium Superbum cum scelerata coniuge, etc., ferro, igni exsecuturum,

to pursue, Liv. 1, 59, 1 (MSS.; Weissenb. et al. exacturum).—Hence, exsĕ-quens ( exeq-), entis, P. a. (acc. to II.), searching after, studious of:

memoriarum veterum exsequentissimus,

Gell. 10, 12, 9.

► exsequi as pass.: quaerebatur an prioris judicis sententia exsequi possit, could be carried out (cf. II. B. supra), Dig. 2, 1, 19.—Hence, exsĕcūtus ( exec-), a, um, in pass. signif.:

exsecuto regis imperio,

executed, Just. 7, 3, 2.

grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].

(Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

aliquem restituere in gratiam,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

in gratiam reducere,

id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

alicujus gratiam sequi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

ab aliquo inire gratiam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

magnam inire gratiam,

id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

Liv. 33, 46, 7:

apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

id. 36, 5, 3:

at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

gratiā plurimum posse,

id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

gratiā valere,

id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 4:

quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

id. ib. 11, 24:

non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—

Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

corporis,

id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

sermonis Attici,

id. ib. 65;

12, 10, 35: dicendi,

id. 9, 3, 74:

brevitatis novitatisque,

id. ib. 58:

omnis bene scriptorum,

id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,

As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.

Favor which one shows to another, mark of favor, kindness, courtesy, service, obligation.

In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

alicui delicti gratiam facere,

to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

in gratiam alicujus,

id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

Juv. 8, 64.—

In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

id. Fam. 1, 10:

justissimas gratias agere,

id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

gratias habere,

Liv. 24, 37, 7:

alicui summas gratias habere,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

id. Planc. 33, 80:

pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

Liv. 1, 47, 7:

gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:

grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).

With gen.:

sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

honoris gratia nomino,

Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

hereditatis gratia,

id. 5, 12, 5:

quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

Sall. C. 23, 1:

profectus gratia dicere,

Quint. 2, 10, 9:

brevitatis gratia,

id. 4, 2, 43:

decoris gratia,

id. 8, 6, 65:

difficultatis gratia,

id. 9, 2, 77:

aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

id. 9, 2, 8:

praesentis gratia litis,

id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

tentandi gratia,

Sall. J. 47, 2:

hiemandi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 3:

colloquendi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 4:

placandi gratia,

id. ib. 71, 5:

simulandi gratia,

id. ib. 37, 4:

sui exposcendi gratia,

Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

Quint. 9, 3, 28:

elevandae invidiae gratia,

id. 5, 13, 40:

recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

id. 11, 1, 79:

vitandae similitudinis gratia,

id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

exempli gratia,

Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

Quint. 6, 5, 6:

eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

gratiā decoris,

Quint. 8 praef. §

18: compositionis,

id. 9, 4, 58:

lenitatis,

id. 9, 4, 144:

significationis,

id. 8, 6, 2.—

With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

meā gratiā,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

abire istac gratia,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

eā gratiā,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

Sall. J. 54, 4:

id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 80, 4.—

grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

Mart. 14, 175, 2:

id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

gratis rei publicae servire,

id. Clu. 26, 71:

tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

Mart. 5, 16, 10:

virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

48: habitent gratis in alieno?

id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

habitare in aedibus alienis,

Dig. 39, 5, 9:

habitationem cui dare,

free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].

(Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

aliquem restituere in gratiam,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

in gratiam reducere,

id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

alicujus gratiam sequi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

ab aliquo inire gratiam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

magnam inire gratiam,

id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

Liv. 33, 46, 7:

apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

id. 36, 5, 3:

at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

gratiā plurimum posse,

id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

gratiā valere,

id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 4:

quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

id. ib. 11, 24:

non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—

Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

corporis,

id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

sermonis Attici,

id. ib. 65;

12, 10, 35: dicendi,

id. 9, 3, 74:

brevitatis novitatisque,

id. ib. 58:

omnis bene scriptorum,

id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,

As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.

Favor which one shows to another, mark of favor, kindness, courtesy, service, obligation.

In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

alicui delicti gratiam facere,

to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

in gratiam alicujus,

id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

Juv. 8, 64.—

In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

id. Fam. 1, 10:

justissimas gratias agere,

id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

gratias habere,

Liv. 24, 37, 7:

alicui summas gratias habere,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

id. Planc. 33, 80:

pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

Liv. 1, 47, 7:

gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:

grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).

With gen.:

sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

honoris gratia nomino,

Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

hereditatis gratia,

id. 5, 12, 5:

quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

Sall. C. 23, 1:

profectus gratia dicere,

Quint. 2, 10, 9:

brevitatis gratia,

id. 4, 2, 43:

decoris gratia,

id. 8, 6, 65:

difficultatis gratia,

id. 9, 2, 77:

aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

id. 9, 2, 8:

praesentis gratia litis,

id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

tentandi gratia,

Sall. J. 47, 2:

hiemandi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 3:

colloquendi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 4:

placandi gratia,

id. ib. 71, 5:

simulandi gratia,

id. ib. 37, 4:

sui exposcendi gratia,

Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

Quint. 9, 3, 28:

elevandae invidiae gratia,

id. 5, 13, 40:

recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

id. 11, 1, 79:

vitandae similitudinis gratia,

id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

exempli gratia,

Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

Quint. 6, 5, 6:

eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

gratiā decoris,

Quint. 8 praef. §

18: compositionis,

id. 9, 4, 58:

lenitatis,

id. 9, 4, 144:

significationis,

id. 8, 6, 2.—

With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

meā gratiā,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

abire istac gratia,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

eā gratiā,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

Sall. J. 54, 4:

id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 80, 4.—

grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

Mart. 14, 175, 2:

id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

gratis rei publicae servire,

id. Clu. 26, 71:

tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

Mart. 5, 16, 10:

virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

48: habitent gratis in alieno?

id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

habitare in aedibus alienis,

Dig. 39, 5, 9:

habitationem cui dare,

free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.