in-dĭsertus

littĕrātus ( lītĕr-), a, um, adj. [littera], lettered, i. e.

Lit., marked with letters, branded:

ensiculus,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 112:

securicula,

id. ib. 115:

urna,

id. ib. 2, 5, 21:

laminae,

App. M. 3, p. 137, 7:

laciniae auro litteratae,

id. ib. 6, 174, 28:

servus,

a branded slave, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 49; cf.:

homunculi frontes litterati,

App. M. 9, p. 222, 30.—

Transf.

Learned, liberally educated:

Canius nec infacetus et satis litteratus,

Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58:

et litteratus et disertus,

id. Brut. 21, 81; id. Mur. 7, 16:

servi,

id. Brut. 22, 87:

quibus ineptiis nec litteratior fit quisquam nec melior,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 13, 1.—Esp. of the learned expounders of the poets:

quem litteratissimum fuisse judico,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

appellatio grammaticorum Graecā consuetudine invaluit: sed initio litterati vocabantur,

Suet. Gram. 4.—

Of or belonging to learning, learned:

quid est enim dulcius otio litterato,

learned leisure, Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 105:

senectus,

id. Brut. 76, 265:

labor,

App. Mag. 4, p. 276, 8.—Hence, adv.: lit-tĕrātē.

With plain letters, in a clear hand:

rationes perscriptae scite et litterate,

Cic. Pis. 25, 61.—

Transf.

To the letter, literally:

litterate respondere,

Cic. Harusp. Resp. 8, 17.—

Learnedly, scientifically, elegantly, cleverly:

scriptorum veterum litterate peritus,

learnedly, critically skilled, Cic. Brut. 56, 205:

belle et litterate dicta,

clever sayings, id. de Or. 2, 62, 253.— Comp.:

litteratius Latine loqui,

Cic. Brut. 108, 28.

mĕdĭō̆cris, e (ō usually; rarely ŏ), adj. [medius], in a middle state between too much and too little, middling, moderate, tolerable, ordinary; sometimes also, not remarkable, indifferent, mediocre.

In gen. (class.).

Lit., of size, quantity, degree, etc., in material things:

castellum,

Sall. J. 92, 5:

spatium,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43:

agmen,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9:

intervallum,

id. B. Alex. 30.—

Of mind, character, ability, acts, achievements, etc.:

C. L. Memmii fuerunt oratores mediocres,

Cic. Brut. 36, 136:

L. Cotta in mediocrium oratorum numero,

id. ib. 36, 137:

non mediocres viri, sed maximi et docti,

id. Rep. 3, 11, 19:

homines,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 94:

vir,

Just. 1, 4, 4:

poëta,

Hor. A. P. 372:

in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4:

amicitia,

id. Lael. 6, 10:

malum,

id. Tusc. 3, 10, 22:

artes,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

eloquentia,

id. ib. 1, 29, 133:

ingenium,

id. ib. 2, 27, 119:

excusare... mediocris est animi,

narrow, small, Caes. B. C. 3, 20:

ut mediocris jacturae te mergat onus,

Juv. 13, 7.—

Esp.

Per litoten, with non (haud, nec), not insignificant, not common or trivial:

Jugurthae non mediocrem animum pollicitando accendebant,

i. e. ardent, ambitious, Sall. J. 8, 1:

non mediocris hominis haec sunt officia,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 9:

haud mediocris hic, ut ego quidem intellego, vir fuit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55: nec mediocre [p. 1124] telum ad res gerendas, id. Lael. 17, 61:

non mediocrem sibi diligentiam adhibendam intellegebat,

uncommon, extraordinary, Caes. B. G. 3, 20:

praemium non mediocre,

Suet. Vesp. 18:

non mediocris dissensio,

Quint. 9, 1, 10 et saep.—

With syllaba, common = anceps:

syllabarum longarum et brevium et mediocrium junctura,

Gell. 16, 18, 5.—Hence, adv.: mĕdĭō̆crĭter.

Moderately, tolerably, ordinarily, not particularly, not very, not remarkably, not much (class.):

ordo annalium mediocriter nos retinet,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 5:

corpus mediocriter aegrum,

id. Tusc. 3, 10, 22.—

By litotes, with haud, ne, non (cf.:

supra, mediocris, II. A.): flagitium, et damnum haud mediocriter,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 13:

non mediocriter,

in no moderate degree, Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

reprehensus est non mediocriter,

i. e. greatly, exceedingly, very much, Quint. 11, 1, 17; so id. 8, 2, 2; 9; 11, 1, 57 al.—

Very little:

ne mediocriter quidem disertus,

not in the least, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 91.—

With moderation, calmly, tranquilly = modice (rare, and perh. only in Cic.):

quod mihi non mediocriter ferendum videtur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 95.— Comp.:

hoc vellem mediocrius,

Cic. Att. 1, 20, 5.

nam, conj. [ acc. sing. fem. of pronom. stem na-; cf.: egô-nê, tu-nê; Lat. ne, nae; masc. num; cf.: tum, tam; quom, quam].

To introduce a confirmation or explanation, for (always in prose beginning the sentence; cf.: enim, etenim, and v. infra C.).

Introducing an explanation or fuller statement of something already said.

In gen.:

is pagus appellabatur Tigurinus. Nam omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12, 4:

quibus rebus auditis... suas quoque copias in tres partes distribuerunt. Nam praesidio e regione castrorum relicto... reliquas copias, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 61, 5: neque solum colent inter se ac diligent, sed etiam verebuntur. Nam maximum ornamentum amicitiae tollit, qui ex eā tollit verecundiam, Cic. [p. 1185] Lael. 22, 82; id. Part. Or. 11, 38; id. Or. 43, 147; cf.:

pandite atque aperite propere januam hanc Orci, opsecro. Nam equidem haut aliter esse duco,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 2. —

Esp.

To introduce an explanatory parenthetical clause:

omni ratione colenda justitia est, tum ipsa per sese (nam aliter justitia non esset), tum, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42:

et in insulā quae est in Fibreno —nam hoc, opinor, illi alteri flumini nomen est—sermoni reliquo demus operam sedentes,

id. Leg. 2, 1, 1:

tamen is ad id locorum talis vir (nam postea ambitione praeceps datus est), consulatum adpetere non audebat,

Sall. J. 63, 6; Sen. Ep. 40, 9.—

To resume the course of thought after a parenthetical interruption:

hic vero simul... atque me mare transisse cognovit (audi, audi, atque attende...), nam simul ac me Dyrrachium attigisse audivit, etc.,

Cic. Planc. 41, 98:

duplex inde Hannibali gaudium fuit (neque enim quidquam eorum, quae apud hostes agerentur, eum fallebat): nam et liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo modo capturum, et sollertiae Fabii dimidium virium decessisse,

Liv. 22, 28, 1.—

To introduce an example, or several examples, illustrating a general statement, for example, for instance:

sed vivo Catone minores natu multi uno tempore oratores floruerunt. Nam et A. Albinus... et litteratus et disertus fuit. Nam Q. Metellus... in primis est habitus eloquens,

Cic. Brut. 21, 81:

quin etiam easdem causas ut quisque egerit utile erit scire. Nam de domo Ciceronis dixit Calidius, et pro Milone orationem Brutus exercitationis gratiā scripsit,

Quint. 10, 1, 23; 8, 6, 38; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 23.—

Introducing a ground or reason for a fact, command, or principle.

In gen.:

quamobrem, Quirites, celebratote illos dies cum conjugibus ac liberis vestris: nam multi saepe honores dīs immortalibus justi habiti sunt, sed profecto justiores numquam,

Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 23: vires vitaque corpus meum nunc deserit omne: nam me visus homo pulcher, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40:

qui... dilectum habere noluerit. Nam sociorum auxilia aut ita imbecilla sunt, ut non multum nos juvare possint, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 11.—

Esp., introducing the speaker's reason for a particular form of statement, etc.:

Phoenices alias urbes in orā maritumā condidere... nam de Carthagine silere melius puto quam parum dicere,

Sall. J. 19, 1; cf.

Mercuri (nam te docilis magistro Movit Amphion lapides canendo), etc.,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 1;

so in a question: una domus erat, idem victus isque communis... nam quid ego de studiis dicam cognoscendi semper aliquid, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 27, 104:

nam quid ego de cotidiano sermone querimoniāque populi Romani loquar?

id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 129.—

Loosely, introducing the speaker's reason for saying what precedes: nam ego ad Menaechmum nunc eo ( I have said this), for, etc., Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 20; id. Trin. 1, 1, 3 Brix ad loc.—So esp. after a general remark, introducing its illustration in the case in hand, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 58 Spengel ad loc.; id. Most. 5, 1, 3; id. Mil. 2, 1, 17.—

In a still looser connection, introducing a particular fact or argument in support of what precedes, but, now, certainly:

L. Sisennae omnis facultas ex historiā ipsius perspici potest, quae cum facile vincat superiores, tum indicat quantum absit a summo... Nam Q. Hortensii admodum adulescentis ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,

Cic. Brut. 64, 228; 43, 161; id. Div. 2, 31, 66; 2, 32, 68:

at prooemium aliquando et narrationem dicit malus homo et argumenta sic, ut nihil sit in his requirendum. Nam et latro pugnabit acriter, virtus tamen erit fortitudo,

Quint. 2, 20, 10.—

Ellipt., in reply to a question or remark, where the answer is implied, and nam introduces the reason for it; for assuredly, certainly:

nos hunc Heracliensem, multis civitatibus expetitum... de nostrā civitate eiciemus? Nam si quis minorem gloriae fructum putat ex Graecis versibus percipi quam ex Latinis, vehementer errat,

Cic. Arch. 10, 22 sq.:

numquid ergo hic Lysimachus, felicitate quādam dentibus leonis elapsus, ob hoc cum ipse regnaret mitior fuit? Nam Telesphorum Rhodium amicum suum... in caveā velut novum animal aliquod... pavit,

Sen. de Ira. 3, 17, 3; cf.: de eis rebus, inquit Crassus, quibus sciam poteroque. Tum ille:

nam quod tu non poteris aut nescies, quis nostrum tam impudens est, qui se scire aut posse postulet?

Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 101.—So with particles of asseveration: mehercule, hercule, edepol, etc.: tamen tibi a me nulla orta est injuria. Aes. Nam hercle etiam hoc restat, i. e. not yet; for that is to come hereafter, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 36: sume, posce, prome quidvis: te facio cellarium. Er. Nam nisi hercle manticinatus probe ero, fusti pectito, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 115:

dicunt ei fere nullam esse columnam, quae ad perpendiculum esse possit. Nam mehercule, inquit, sic agamus: columnae ad perpendiculum exigantur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 51, § 133.—

The conjunction nam sometimes follows a word of the clause ( poet. and perh. not ante-Aug.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 246):

prohibent nam cetera Parcae Scire,

Verg. A. 3, 379:

solam nam perfidus ille Te colere,

id. ib. 4, 421; 10, 585;

1, 444: olim nam quaerere amabam,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 20; 41:

ego nam videor mihi sanus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 302:

his nam plebecula plaudit,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 186.

In transitions.

Introducing a new subject as of secondary importance; but now, on the other hand:

nam quod rumores distulerunt malivoli, Multas contamināsse Graecas, dum facit Paucas Latinas: factum hic esse id non negat, Neque se pigere,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 19:

nam quod purgas eos, quos ego mihi scripsi invidisse, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 15, 2:

nam quod negas te dubitare quin magnā in offensā sim apud Pompeium hoc tempore, non video causam cur ita sit,

id. ib. 9, 2, a, 2; id. Off. 2, 13, 47:

nam auguralis libros ad commune utriusque nostrum otium serva,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 4:

nam Vestae nomen a Graecis est, i. e. though that of Janus, before named, is Latin,

id. N. D. 2, 27, 67; id. Div. 2, 31, 66; 2, 32, 68; Quint. 1, 11, 7; 10, 1, 9.—

Esp., in referring to a consideration too obvious to require discussion, for obviously, for it is certain, etc.:

postremo hoc in pectus tuum demitte, numquam populum Romanum beneficiis victum esse: nam bello quid valeat, tute scis,

Sall. J. 102, 11; Liv. 39, 26, 3; Cic. Tusc. 4, 23, 52; Tac. H. 4, 76.

In interrogations, emphatically, expressing wonder or emotion in the questioner; cf. Gr. gar.

With an interrogative.

Beginning a sentence (anteclass. and poet.): perdidisti omnem operam? Ep. Nam quī perdidi? but how? but why? Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 29:

nam quem ego adspicio?

id. Poen. 5, 3, 3: quid ego ago? Tr. Nam quid tu, malum, me rogitas quid agas? id. Most. 2, 1, 21:

nam quae haec anus est exanimata a fratre quae egressa'st meo?

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

nam quid ita?

id. Eun. 5, 2, 58:

nam quem? alium habui neminem,

id. ib. 4, 4, 13:

nam quam ob rem? (= quamnam),

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 2:

nam quā me causā extrusisti ex aedibus?

id. Aul. 1, 1, 5 et saep.:

nam quis te, juvenum confidentissime, nostras Jussit adire domos?

Verg. G. 4, 445 (but cf. Forbig. ad loc. and Kritz ad Sall. J. 19, 2):

nam quae tam sera moratur Segnities?

id. A. 2, 373:

bellua multorum es capitum. Nam quid sequar aut quem?

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 76.—

Joined as enclitic to an interrogative word:

quinam homo hic ante aedīs nostras conqueritur?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 17:

quidnam id est?

id. Trin. 5, 2, 45:

quisnam igitur tuebitur P. Scipionis memoriam mortui?

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 36, § 80:

O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus?

id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; id. N. D. 1, 10, 24:

sed Allobroges diu in incerto habuere quidnam consilii caperent,

Sall. C. 41, 1.—For quianam, v. quia fin. —

Separated from the interrogative word:

quid tibi ex filio nam, obsecro, aegre est?

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 27:

quis ea'st nam optuma?

id. Aul. 2, 1, 17; 3, 2, 3:

quid cerussa opus nam?

id. Most. 1, 3, 101:

quis est nam ludus in undis?

Verg. E. 9, 39.—

With num:

num tibi nam, amabo, janua est mordax mea?

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 1:

num quid nam tibi molestum est, gnate mi, si, etc.,

id. As. 5, 1, 3; cf.:

comicum est et Terentianum numquidnam, cum exemptis num et nam sufficere ad interrogationem potuisset quid,

Donat. ad Ter. And. 1, 4, 8:

num nam haec audivit,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 6:

num quid nam de oratore ipso restat,

Cic. Part. Or. 7, 26.—

Without an interrogative word (very rare): scis nam tibi quae praecepi? Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 51. (For fuller details, v. Hand, Turs. 4, pp. 1-22.)

paucus, a, um ( gen. plur. paucūm, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, fin.—Dat. plur. fem. paucabus, Cn. Gellius ap. Charis. p. 39 P.), adj. [root pau-; Gr. pauô, to cause to cease, paula, remnant, pauros, little; cf. paulus, pauper, parvus (pauros)], few, little (the sing. very rare; cf.: parvus, exiguus, rarus): verbūm Paucūm, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 252 Vahl.):

in diebus paucis Chrysis moritur,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 77:

paucis diebus post mortem Africani,

Cic. Lael. 1, 3; cf.:

his paucis diebus,

a few days ago, id. de Or. 1, 37, 168; id. Tusc. 5, 35, 102:

causae modicae et paucae,

id. de Or. 2, 32, 140:

pauci admodum familiares,

id. Lael. 1, 2; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1; id. Fam. 2, 7, 3:

paucorum hominum et mentis bene sanae (i. e. paucis hominibus familiariter utens),

Hor. S. 1, 9, 44; cf. Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 19 and v. Ruhnk. ad h. l. Lycurgus gerontas Lacedaemone appellavit, nimis is quidem paucos, XXVIII., quos, etc., Cic. Rep. 2, 28, 50: nimium fortasse pauci viverent, Lact. Ira Dei, 20, 5.— Comp ne pauciores cum pluribus manum consererent, Sall. J. 49, 2. pauciora navigia, Auct. B. Afr.— Sup.:

quam paucissimae plagae,

Cels. 7, 2.—

In sing.:

tibia tenuis simplexque foramine pauco,

Hor. A. P. 203:

injurias pauco aere diluere,

Gell. 20, 1, 31. —

Subst.

pauci, ōrum, m., few, a few:

ut metus ad omnes, poena ad paucos perveniret,

Cic. Clu. 46, 128:

pauci sciebant,

id. Mur. 11, 25:

calumnia paucorum,

Sall. C. 30, 4:

paucorum potentia,

id. ib. 39, 1; 20, 7.—Sometimes pauci is used in the sense of the few, the select few (opp. multi, the many, the multitude): non paucis... ac sapientibus esse probatum, Lucil. ap. Non. 519, 10:

paucorum judicium,

Cic. Or. 3, 13:

eorum qui pauci nominantur,

id. Lael. 6, 22: pauciores, the more distinguished (opp. plures), Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12.—Hence, inter paucos (paucas), in paucis, adverb., with adjj., especially, eminently, extraordinarily, etc.:

nobilis pugna atque inter paucas memorata,

Liv. 22, 7, 1:

pugna memorabilis inter paucas,

id. 23, 44, 4:

situs inter paucas munitae urbis,

id. 38, 15, 9:

Florus, inter paucos disertus,

Quint. 10, 3, 13:

Hector, in paucis Alexandro carus,

Curt. 4, 8, 7:

regi carus in paucis,

id. 6, 8, 2:

in paucis digna res,

Plin. 30, 1, 1, § 1; 27, 7, 28, § 45.—

pauca, ōrum, n., a few words: philosophandum est paucis, nam omnino haut placet, Enn. ap. Gell. 5, 15, 9 (Trag. v. 417 Vahl.): pauca sunt, tecum quae volo, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 214 P.: audite, pueri, pauca, Afran. ap. Non. 403, 21:

in pauca confer,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 54:

paucis me misit ad eam,

id. Bacch. 4, 1, 16: paucis rem attingere, id. Truc. 4, 4, 11:

ausculta paucis,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 4:

paucis te volo,

id. ib. 1, 1, 2:

paucis docebo,

Verg. A. 4, 116:

pauca refert,

id. ib. 4, 333:

pauca respondere,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 61:

ipsi pauca velim,

Juv. 5, 107:

cetera quam paucissimis absolvam,

Sall. J. 17, 2.

paucus, a, um ( gen. plur. paucūm, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, fin.—Dat. plur. fem. paucabus, Cn. Gellius ap. Charis. p. 39 P.), adj. [root pau-; Gr. pauô, to cause to cease, paula, remnant, pauros, little; cf. paulus, pauper, parvus (pauros)], few, little (the sing. very rare; cf.: parvus, exiguus, rarus): verbūm Paucūm, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 252 Vahl.):

in diebus paucis Chrysis moritur,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 77:

paucis diebus post mortem Africani,

Cic. Lael. 1, 3; cf.:

his paucis diebus,

a few days ago, id. de Or. 1, 37, 168; id. Tusc. 5, 35, 102:

causae modicae et paucae,

id. de Or. 2, 32, 140:

pauci admodum familiares,

id. Lael. 1, 2; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1; id. Fam. 2, 7, 3:

paucorum hominum et mentis bene sanae (i. e. paucis hominibus familiariter utens),

Hor. S. 1, 9, 44; cf. Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 19 and v. Ruhnk. ad h. l. Lycurgus gerontas Lacedaemone appellavit, nimis is quidem paucos, XXVIII., quos, etc., Cic. Rep. 2, 28, 50: nimium fortasse pauci viverent, Lact. Ira Dei, 20, 5.— Comp ne pauciores cum pluribus manum consererent, Sall. J. 49, 2. pauciora navigia, Auct. B. Afr.— Sup.:

quam paucissimae plagae,

Cels. 7, 2.—

In sing.:

tibia tenuis simplexque foramine pauco,

Hor. A. P. 203:

injurias pauco aere diluere,

Gell. 20, 1, 31. —

Subst.

pauci, ōrum, m., few, a few:

ut metus ad omnes, poena ad paucos perveniret,

Cic. Clu. 46, 128:

pauci sciebant,

id. Mur. 11, 25:

calumnia paucorum,

Sall. C. 30, 4:

paucorum potentia,

id. ib. 39, 1; 20, 7.—Sometimes pauci is used in the sense of the few, the select few (opp. multi, the many, the multitude): non paucis... ac sapientibus esse probatum, Lucil. ap. Non. 519, 10:

paucorum judicium,

Cic. Or. 3, 13:

eorum qui pauci nominantur,

id. Lael. 6, 22: pauciores, the more distinguished (opp. plures), Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12.—Hence, inter paucos (paucas), in paucis, adverb., with adjj., especially, eminently, extraordinarily, etc.:

nobilis pugna atque inter paucas memorata,

Liv. 22, 7, 1:

pugna memorabilis inter paucas,

id. 23, 44, 4:

situs inter paucas munitae urbis,

id. 38, 15, 9:

Florus, inter paucos disertus,

Quint. 10, 3, 13:

Hector, in paucis Alexandro carus,

Curt. 4, 8, 7:

regi carus in paucis,

id. 6, 8, 2:

in paucis digna res,

Plin. 30, 1, 1, § 1; 27, 7, 28, § 45.—

pauca, ōrum, n., a few words: philosophandum est paucis, nam omnino haut placet, Enn. ap. Gell. 5, 15, 9 (Trag. v. 417 Vahl.): pauca sunt, tecum quae volo, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 214 P.: audite, pueri, pauca, Afran. ap. Non. 403, 21:

in pauca confer,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 54:

paucis me misit ad eam,

id. Bacch. 4, 1, 16: paucis rem attingere, id. Truc. 4, 4, 11:

ausculta paucis,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 4:

paucis te volo,

id. ib. 1, 1, 2:

paucis docebo,

Verg. A. 4, 116:

pauca refert,

id. ib. 4, 333:

pauca respondere,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 61:

ipsi pauca velim,

Juv. 5, 107:

cetera quam paucissimis absolvam,

Sall. J. 17, 2.

rustĭcus, a, um, adj. [rus], of or belonging to the country, rural, rustic, country- (very freq. and class.; syn. agrestis; opp. urbanus).

Lit.:

vita,

Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 1; cf.:

vita haec rustica, quam tu agrestem vocas,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:

duae vitae hominum, rustica et urbana,

id. ib. 17, 48:

Romani (opp. urbani),

Varr. R. R. 2, praef. § 1; cf. plebes (opp. urbana), Col. praef. § 17;

praedia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 42:

hortus,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 15:

instrumentum,

Phaedr. 4, 4, 24:

opus,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 90:

res,

Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 69; 1, 58, 249;

Col. praef. § 19 sq.: homo (with agricola),

Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 143; id. N. D. 3, 5, 11:

colona,

Ov. F. 2, 645; cf.

Phidyle,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 2:

mus (opp. urbanus),

id. S. 2, 6, 80; 115:

gallinae,

heathcocks, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 16; Col. 8, 2, 1 sq. (cf. infra, B. 2. b.):

numina,

Ov. M. 1, 192:

fistula,

id. ib. 8, 191:

sedulitas,

id. F. 6, 534:

regna,

id. H. 4, 132:

opprobria versibus alternis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 146:

carcer,

Juv. 14, 24.—

ru-stĭcus, i, m., a countryman, rustic, peasant; in plur.: rustici, country people, rustics:

urbani fiunt rustici, etc.,

Plaut. Mere. 4, 3, 15 sq.:

omnes urbani, rustici,

Cic. Fin. 2, 23, 77; cf. id. Or. 24, 81;

semper occant prius quam sarriunt rustici,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 5; id. Most. 5, 1, 28; Col. 2, 4, 8; 9, 10 et saep.—In sing., Ov. M. 2, 699; Hor. Epod. 2, 68; id. Ep. 1, 7, 83; 2, 2, 39; Vulg. Sap. 17, 16.—

rustĭca, ae, f.

A country girl, Ov. M. 5, 583.—

(Sc. gallina.) A heath-cock, Mart. 13, 76 (cf. supra, A., and rusticulus, II. B.).—

Transf., countrylike, rustic, simple, in a good or (more freq.) in a bad sense, i. e. plain, simple, provincial, rough, coarse, gross, awkward, clownish, etc. (in this sense not freq. till after the Aug. period;

previously, as in Cic., agrestis was more used): rustica vox et agrestis quosdam delectat, etc.... neque solum rusticam asperitatem, sed etiam peregrinam insolentiam fugere discamus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 42; 12, 44:

pro bardā et pro rusticā haberi,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 1, 2:

rusticus inlitteratusque litigator,

Quint. 2, 21, 16:

manus (with indoctae),

id. 1, 11, 16; cf.

with indoctus,

id. 12, 10, 53;

with barbarus,

id. 2, 20, 6;

(opp. disertus) 7, 1, 43: id vitium sermonis non barbarum esse, sed rusticum,

Gell. 13, 6, 2:

Germana illuvies, rusticus, hircus, hara suis, etc.,

a lout, clown, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 39 Lorenz ad loc.:

rusticus es, Corydon,

Verg. E. 2, 56:

quid coeptum, rustice, rumpis iter?

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 88:

addidit obscenis convicia rustica dictis,

id. M. 14, 522: sive procax aliqua est;

capior, quia rustica non est,

very prudish, id. Am. 2, 4, 13; cf. id. A. A. 1, 607:

nec tamen est, quamvis agros amet illa feraces, Rustica,

id. Am. 3, 10, 18.—In a good sense:

mores,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:

veritas,

Mart. 10, 72, 11. — Comp.:

simus hoc titulo rusticiore contenti,

Sen. Ep. 88, 33.—Hence, adv.: ru-stĭcē (acc. to II.), in a countrified manner, clownishly, boorishly, awkwardly:

loquinon aspere, non vaste, non rustice,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45:

urgere,

id. Off. 3, 9, 39:

facere aliquid,

id. Att. 12, 36, 2:

cum eo vitio loquentes rustice loqui dictitabant,

Gell. 13, 6, 2.— Comp.:

rusticius toga defluit,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 31.— Sup. does not occur.

stŭdĭōsus, a, um, adj. [studium], eager, zealous, assiduous, anxious after any thing, fond or studious of any thing.

In gen.

With gen. (most freq.):

venandi aut pilae studiosi,

Cic. Lael. 20, 74:

nemorum caedisque ferinae,

Ov. M. 7, 675:

placendi,

id. A. A. 3, 423:

culinae aut Veneris,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:

florum,

id. C. 3, 27, 29:

dicendi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; Quint. 2, 13, 1:

eloquentiae,

id. 5, 10, 122:

summe omnium doctrinarum,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

musices,

Quint. 1, 10, 12:

sapientiae,

id. 3, prooem. § 2;

12, 1, 19: sermonis,

id. 10, 1, 114:

juris,

occupied with, studious of, the law, Suet. Ner. 32.— Comp.:

ille restituendi mei quam retinendi studiosior,

Cic. Att. 8, 3, 3.— Sup.:

munditiarum lautitiarumque studiosissimus,

Suet. Caes. 46:

aleae,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 1.—

With dat.:

nisi adulterio, studiosus rei nulli aliae,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 206:

armorum quam conviviorum apparatibus studiosior,

Just. 9, 8, 4.—

With ad:

studiosiores ad opus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 7.—

With in:

in argento,

Petr. 52, 1.—

Absol.:

homo valde studiosus ac diligens,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 98:

putavi mihi suscipiendum laborem utilem studiosis,

id. Opt. Gen. 5, 13:

aliquid studioso animo inchoare,

Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 9.—

In partic.

Zealous for any one, i. e. partial, friendly, attached, devoted to him (class.; esp. freq. in Cic.): omnem omnibus studiosis ac fautoribus illius victoriae parrêsian eripui, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8:

mei studiosos habeo Dyrrhachinos,

id. ib. 3, 22, 4:

sui,

id. Brut. 16, 64:

nobilitatis,

id. Ac. 2, 40, 125:

studiosa Pectora,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 91.— Comp.:

studiosior alterius partis,

Suet. Tib. 11 med.:

te studiosiorem in me colendo fore,

Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 1.— Sup.:

hunc cum ejus studiosissimo Pammene,

Cic. Or. 30, 105:

existimationis meae studiosissimus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 117:

studiosissimum Platonis auditorem fuisse,

Tac. Or. 32.—

Devoted to study or learning, learned, studious (not anteAug.; in Cic. always with gen.: litterarum, doctrinarum, etc.; v. supra, I. a, and cf. studeo, II. B.):

quid studiosa cohors operum struit?

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 6:

ipse est studiosus, litteratus, etiam disertus,

Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 1:

juvenis studiosus alioquin,

Quint. 10, 3, 32.— Transf., of things:

studiosa disputatio,

a learned disputation, Quint. 11, 1, 70:

otium,

Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 11.— Plur. subst.: stŭdĭōsi, ōrum, m., studious men, the learned, students, Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 13; Quint. 2, 10, 5; 10, 1, 45; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 11; 4, 28, 2.—Also, sing.: Stŭdĭōsus, i, m., The Student, the title of a work of the elder Pliny, Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 5.—Hence, adv.: stŭ-dĭōsē, eagerly, zealously, anxiously, carefully, studiously (freq. and class.):

texentem telam studiose offendimus,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 44:

cum studiose pila luderet,

Cic. de Or. 2, 62, 253:

libenter studioseque audire,

id. Div. in Caecil. 12, 39; cf. Tac. Or. 2:

aliquid studiose diligenterque curare,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, §

7: studiose discunt, diligenter docentur,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1:

aliquid investigare,

id. Rep. 1, 11, 17:

studiose cavendum est,

id. Lael. 26, 99.— Comp.:

ego cum antea studiose commendabam Marcilium, tum multo nunc studiosius, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 54; Quint. 3, 1, 15; 3, 6, 61; Ov. M. 5, 578; Nep. Ages. 3, 2; Col. 8, 11, 2; Just. 43, 3, 5 al.— Sup.:

aliquid studiosissime quaerere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15; id. Off. 3, 28, 101; Plin. Ep. 4, 26, 1; Suet. Calig. 54; id. Aug. 45.

stŭdĭōsus, a, um, adj. [studium], eager, zealous, assiduous, anxious after any thing, fond or studious of any thing.

In gen.

With gen. (most freq.):

venandi aut pilae studiosi,

Cic. Lael. 20, 74:

nemorum caedisque ferinae,

Ov. M. 7, 675:

placendi,

id. A. A. 3, 423:

culinae aut Veneris,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:

florum,

id. C. 3, 27, 29:

dicendi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; Quint. 2, 13, 1:

eloquentiae,

id. 5, 10, 122:

summe omnium doctrinarum,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

musices,

Quint. 1, 10, 12:

sapientiae,

id. 3, prooem. § 2;

12, 1, 19: sermonis,

id. 10, 1, 114:

juris,

occupied with, studious of, the law, Suet. Ner. 32.— Comp.:

ille restituendi mei quam retinendi studiosior,

Cic. Att. 8, 3, 3.— Sup.:

munditiarum lautitiarumque studiosissimus,

Suet. Caes. 46:

aleae,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 1.—

With dat.:

nisi adulterio, studiosus rei nulli aliae,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 206:

armorum quam conviviorum apparatibus studiosior,

Just. 9, 8, 4.—

With ad:

studiosiores ad opus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 7.—

With in:

in argento,

Petr. 52, 1.—

Absol.:

homo valde studiosus ac diligens,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 98:

putavi mihi suscipiendum laborem utilem studiosis,

id. Opt. Gen. 5, 13:

aliquid studioso animo inchoare,

Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 9.—

In partic.

Zealous for any one, i. e. partial, friendly, attached, devoted to him (class.; esp. freq. in Cic.): omnem omnibus studiosis ac fautoribus illius victoriae parrêsian eripui, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8:

mei studiosos habeo Dyrrhachinos,

id. ib. 3, 22, 4:

sui,

id. Brut. 16, 64:

nobilitatis,

id. Ac. 2, 40, 125:

studiosa Pectora,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 91.— Comp.:

studiosior alterius partis,

Suet. Tib. 11 med.:

te studiosiorem in me colendo fore,

Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 1.— Sup.:

hunc cum ejus studiosissimo Pammene,

Cic. Or. 30, 105:

existimationis meae studiosissimus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 117:

studiosissimum Platonis auditorem fuisse,

Tac. Or. 32.—

Devoted to study or learning, learned, studious (not anteAug.; in Cic. always with gen.: litterarum, doctrinarum, etc.; v. supra, I. a, and cf. studeo, II. B.):

quid studiosa cohors operum struit?

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 6:

ipse est studiosus, litteratus, etiam disertus,

Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 1:

juvenis studiosus alioquin,

Quint. 10, 3, 32.— Transf., of things:

studiosa disputatio,

a learned disputation, Quint. 11, 1, 70:

otium,

Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 11.— Plur. subst.: stŭdĭōsi, ōrum, m., studious men, the learned, students, Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 13; Quint. 2, 10, 5; 10, 1, 45; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 11; 4, 28, 2.—Also, sing.: Stŭdĭōsus, i, m., The Student, the title of a work of the elder Pliny, Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 5.—Hence, adv.: stŭ-dĭōsē, eagerly, zealously, anxiously, carefully, studiously (freq. and class.):

texentem telam studiose offendimus,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 44:

cum studiose pila luderet,

Cic. de Or. 2, 62, 253:

libenter studioseque audire,

id. Div. in Caecil. 12, 39; cf. Tac. Or. 2:

aliquid studiose diligenterque curare,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, §

7: studiose discunt, diligenter docentur,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1:

aliquid investigare,

id. Rep. 1, 11, 17:

studiose cavendum est,

id. Lael. 26, 99.— Comp.:

ego cum antea studiose commendabam Marcilium, tum multo nunc studiosius, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 54; Quint. 3, 1, 15; 3, 6, 61; Ov. M. 5, 578; Nep. Ages. 3, 2; Col. 8, 11, 2; Just. 43, 3, 5 al.— Sup.:

aliquid studiosissime quaerere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15; id. Off. 3, 28, 101; Plin. Ep. 4, 26, 1; Suet. Calig. 54; id. Aug. 45.

stŭdĭōsus, a, um, adj. [studium], eager, zealous, assiduous, anxious after any thing, fond or studious of any thing.

In gen.

With gen. (most freq.):

venandi aut pilae studiosi,

Cic. Lael. 20, 74:

nemorum caedisque ferinae,

Ov. M. 7, 675:

placendi,

id. A. A. 3, 423:

culinae aut Veneris,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:

florum,

id. C. 3, 27, 29:

dicendi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; Quint. 2, 13, 1:

eloquentiae,

id. 5, 10, 122:

summe omnium doctrinarum,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

musices,

Quint. 1, 10, 12:

sapientiae,

id. 3, prooem. § 2;

12, 1, 19: sermonis,

id. 10, 1, 114:

juris,

occupied with, studious of, the law, Suet. Ner. 32.— Comp.:

ille restituendi mei quam retinendi studiosior,

Cic. Att. 8, 3, 3.— Sup.:

munditiarum lautitiarumque studiosissimus,

Suet. Caes. 46:

aleae,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 1.—

With dat.:

nisi adulterio, studiosus rei nulli aliae,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 206:

armorum quam conviviorum apparatibus studiosior,

Just. 9, 8, 4.—

With ad:

studiosiores ad opus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 7.—

With in:

in argento,

Petr. 52, 1.—

Absol.:

homo valde studiosus ac diligens,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 98:

putavi mihi suscipiendum laborem utilem studiosis,

id. Opt. Gen. 5, 13:

aliquid studioso animo inchoare,

Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 9.—

In partic.

Zealous for any one, i. e. partial, friendly, attached, devoted to him (class.; esp. freq. in Cic.): omnem omnibus studiosis ac fautoribus illius victoriae parrêsian eripui, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8:

mei studiosos habeo Dyrrhachinos,

id. ib. 3, 22, 4:

sui,

id. Brut. 16, 64:

nobilitatis,

id. Ac. 2, 40, 125:

studiosa Pectora,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 91.— Comp.:

studiosior alterius partis,

Suet. Tib. 11 med.:

te studiosiorem in me colendo fore,

Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 1.— Sup.:

hunc cum ejus studiosissimo Pammene,

Cic. Or. 30, 105:

existimationis meae studiosissimus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 117:

studiosissimum Platonis auditorem fuisse,

Tac. Or. 32.—

Devoted to study or learning, learned, studious (not anteAug.; in Cic. always with gen.: litterarum, doctrinarum, etc.; v. supra, I. a, and cf. studeo, II. B.):

quid studiosa cohors operum struit?

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 6:

ipse est studiosus, litteratus, etiam disertus,

Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 1:

juvenis studiosus alioquin,

Quint. 10, 3, 32.— Transf., of things:

studiosa disputatio,

a learned disputation, Quint. 11, 1, 70:

otium,

Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 11.— Plur. subst.: stŭdĭōsi, ōrum, m., studious men, the learned, students, Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 13; Quint. 2, 10, 5; 10, 1, 45; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 11; 4, 28, 2.—Also, sing.: Stŭdĭōsus, i, m., The Student, the title of a work of the elder Pliny, Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 5.—Hence, adv.: stŭ-dĭōsē, eagerly, zealously, anxiously, carefully, studiously (freq. and class.):

texentem telam studiose offendimus,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 44:

cum studiose pila luderet,

Cic. de Or. 2, 62, 253:

libenter studioseque audire,

id. Div. in Caecil. 12, 39; cf. Tac. Or. 2:

aliquid studiose diligenterque curare,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, §

7: studiose discunt, diligenter docentur,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1:

aliquid investigare,

id. Rep. 1, 11, 17:

studiose cavendum est,

id. Lael. 26, 99.— Comp.:

ego cum antea studiose commendabam Marcilium, tum multo nunc studiosius, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 54; Quint. 3, 1, 15; 3, 6, 61; Ov. M. 5, 578; Nep. Ages. 3, 2; Col. 8, 11, 2; Just. 43, 3, 5 al.— Sup.:

aliquid studiosissime quaerere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15; id. Off. 3, 28, 101; Plin. Ep. 4, 26, 1; Suet. Calig. 54; id. Aug. 45.

subtīlis, e, adj. [sub-tela; and therefore, prop., woven fine; hence], fine, not thick or coarse, thin, slender, minute (syn. tenuis).

Lit. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

not in Cic.): quae vulgo volitant subtili praedita filo,

Lucr. 4, 88:

ventus subtili corpore tenuis,

id. 4, 901; cf. id. 3, 195; Cat. 54, 3:

acies gladii,

Sen. Ep. 76, 14:

farina,

Plin. 18, 7, 14, § 74:

mitra,

Cat. 64, 63:

ignis,

Lucr. 6, 225:

subtilia et minuta primordia rerum,

id. 4, 122; 4, 114.— Subst.: subtīlĭa, ĭum, n. plur., fine goods or stuffs, Vulg. Isa. 19, 9:

indui te subtilibus,

id. Ezech. 16, 10.— Comp.:

harundo,

Plin. 16, 36, 66, § 168:

semen raporum,

id. 18, 13, 34, § 129.— Sup.:

sucus subtilissimus,

Plin. 11, 5, 4, § 11.—

Transf., of the senses, fine, nice, acute, delicate, exqui site (rare):

palatum,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 38:

subtilior gula,

Col. 8, 16, 4.—

Trop., fine, nice, precise, exact, accurate, keen, subtle (class.; syn.: elegans, concinnus).

In gen.:

sollers subtilisque descriptio,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121:

definitio,

id. de Or. 1, 23, 109:

observatio,

Plin. 18, 13, 35, § 132:

sententia,

id. 18, 17, 46, § 165:

argumentatio,

id. 2, 108, 112, § 247:

quaestio,

id. 11, 16, 16, § 46:

Graecia,

Manil. 4, 718.— Comp.:

reliquae (epistulae) subtiliores erunt,

more particular, Cic. Att. 5, 14, 3.— Sup.:

quae (curatio manus) inter subtilissimas haberi potest,

Cels. 7, 7, 13:

inventum,

Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 40:

Democritus, subtilissimus antiquorum,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 3, 2.—

Transf., of taste or judgment, fine, keen, delicate, exquisite (syn.:

sagax, acutus): judicium,

Cic. Fam. 15, 6, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 242; cf.:

subtilis veterum judex,

id. S. 2, 7, 101:

sapiens subtilisque lector,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 7:

vir subtilis, dispositus, acer, disertus,

id. ib. 2, 11, 17; 4, 17, 4.—

In partic., in rhet., of speech or of the speaker, plain, simple, unadorned (syn. simplex):

genus dicendi,

Cic. Or. 21, 69; cf.:

acutissimum et subtilissimum dicendi genus,

id. de Or. 2, 23, 98:

oratio,

id. Or. 5, 20; cf. id. ib. 23, 78:

Stoicorum non ignoras, quam sit subtile vel spinosum potius dicendi genus,

id. Fin. 3, 1, 3: subtile quod ischnon vocant, Quint. 12, 10, 58:

disputator,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3:

quis illo (Catone) in docendo edisserendoque subtilior?

id. Brut. 17, 65:

oratione limatus atque subtilis,

id. de Or. 1, 39, 180; cf. id. de Or. 3, 8, 31: Lysias subtilis scriptor atque [p. 1785] elegans, id. Brut. 9, 35; Quint. 10, 1, 78:

praeceptor,

id. 1, 4, 25; 12, 10, 51.—Hence, adv.: subtīlĭter, finely, minutely.

Lit.:

subtiliter insinuatus ad parvas partes aër,

Lucr. 6, 1031:

conexae res,

closely, intimately, id. 3, 739:

dividere aliquid,

Plin. 5, 12, 13, § 67:

fodere,

lightly, superficially, Pall. Febr. 21 fin. —

Trop., finely, acutely, minutely, accurately, subtly.

In gen.:

subtiliter judicare,

finely, acutely, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:

de re publicā quid ego tibi subtiliter? tota periit,

minutely, particularly, id. Att. 2, 21, 1; cf.:

haec ad te scribam alias subtilius,

id. ib. 1, 13, 4:

subtiliter exsequi numerum,

Liv. 3, 5:

de aliquā re subtiliter disserere,

Cic. Fl. 17, 41:

aliquid persequi,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 98; cf.:

id persequar subtilius,

id. Rep. 2, 23, 42:

subtilius haec disserunt,

id. Lael. 5, 18:

subtilius ista quaerunt,

id. ib. 2, 7 et saep. —

In partic., in rhet., plainly, simply, without ornament:

humilia subtiliter et magna graviter et mediocria temperate dicere,

Cic. Or. 29, 100:

versute et subtiliter dicere,

id. ib. 7, 22:

privatas causas agere subtilius: capitis aut famae ornatius,

id. Fam. 9, 21, 1:

magnifice an subtiliter dicere,

Quint. 8, 3, 40.

subtīlis, e, adj. [sub-tela; and therefore, prop., woven fine; hence], fine, not thick or coarse, thin, slender, minute (syn. tenuis).

Lit. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

not in Cic.): quae vulgo volitant subtili praedita filo,

Lucr. 4, 88:

ventus subtili corpore tenuis,

id. 4, 901; cf. id. 3, 195; Cat. 54, 3:

acies gladii,

Sen. Ep. 76, 14:

farina,

Plin. 18, 7, 14, § 74:

mitra,

Cat. 64, 63:

ignis,

Lucr. 6, 225:

subtilia et minuta primordia rerum,

id. 4, 122; 4, 114.— Subst.: subtīlĭa, ĭum, n. plur., fine goods or stuffs, Vulg. Isa. 19, 9:

indui te subtilibus,

id. Ezech. 16, 10.— Comp.:

harundo,

Plin. 16, 36, 66, § 168:

semen raporum,

id. 18, 13, 34, § 129.— Sup.:

sucus subtilissimus,

Plin. 11, 5, 4, § 11.—

Transf., of the senses, fine, nice, acute, delicate, exqui site (rare):

palatum,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 38:

subtilior gula,

Col. 8, 16, 4.—

Trop., fine, nice, precise, exact, accurate, keen, subtle (class.; syn.: elegans, concinnus).

In gen.:

sollers subtilisque descriptio,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121:

definitio,

id. de Or. 1, 23, 109:

observatio,

Plin. 18, 13, 35, § 132:

sententia,

id. 18, 17, 46, § 165:

argumentatio,

id. 2, 108, 112, § 247:

quaestio,

id. 11, 16, 16, § 46:

Graecia,

Manil. 4, 718.— Comp.:

reliquae (epistulae) subtiliores erunt,

more particular, Cic. Att. 5, 14, 3.— Sup.:

quae (curatio manus) inter subtilissimas haberi potest,

Cels. 7, 7, 13:

inventum,

Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 40:

Democritus, subtilissimus antiquorum,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 3, 2.—

Transf., of taste or judgment, fine, keen, delicate, exquisite (syn.:

sagax, acutus): judicium,

Cic. Fam. 15, 6, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 242; cf.:

subtilis veterum judex,

id. S. 2, 7, 101:

sapiens subtilisque lector,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 7:

vir subtilis, dispositus, acer, disertus,

id. ib. 2, 11, 17; 4, 17, 4.—

In partic., in rhet., of speech or of the speaker, plain, simple, unadorned (syn. simplex):

genus dicendi,

Cic. Or. 21, 69; cf.:

acutissimum et subtilissimum dicendi genus,

id. de Or. 2, 23, 98:

oratio,

id. Or. 5, 20; cf. id. ib. 23, 78:

Stoicorum non ignoras, quam sit subtile vel spinosum potius dicendi genus,

id. Fin. 3, 1, 3: subtile quod ischnon vocant, Quint. 12, 10, 58:

disputator,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3:

quis illo (Catone) in docendo edisserendoque subtilior?

id. Brut. 17, 65:

oratione limatus atque subtilis,

id. de Or. 1, 39, 180; cf. id. de Or. 3, 8, 31: Lysias subtilis scriptor atque [p. 1785] elegans, id. Brut. 9, 35; Quint. 10, 1, 78:

praeceptor,

id. 1, 4, 25; 12, 10, 51.—Hence, adv.: subtīlĭter, finely, minutely.

Lit.:

subtiliter insinuatus ad parvas partes aër,

Lucr. 6, 1031:

conexae res,

closely, intimately, id. 3, 739:

dividere aliquid,

Plin. 5, 12, 13, § 67:

fodere,

lightly, superficially, Pall. Febr. 21 fin. —

Trop., finely, acutely, minutely, accurately, subtly.

In gen.:

subtiliter judicare,

finely, acutely, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:

de re publicā quid ego tibi subtiliter? tota periit,

minutely, particularly, id. Att. 2, 21, 1; cf.:

haec ad te scribam alias subtilius,

id. ib. 1, 13, 4:

subtiliter exsequi numerum,

Liv. 3, 5:

de aliquā re subtiliter disserere,

Cic. Fl. 17, 41:

aliquid persequi,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 98; cf.:

id persequar subtilius,

id. Rep. 2, 23, 42:

subtilius haec disserunt,

id. Lael. 5, 18:

subtilius ista quaerunt,

id. ib. 2, 7 et saep. —

In partic., in rhet., plainly, simply, without ornament:

humilia subtiliter et magna graviter et mediocria temperate dicere,

Cic. Or. 29, 100:

versute et subtiliter dicere,

id. ib. 7, 22:

privatas causas agere subtilius: capitis aut famae ornatius,

id. Fam. 9, 21, 1:

magnifice an subtiliter dicere,

Quint. 8, 3, 40.

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

super inferque vicinus,

Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

totus super ignis,

Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].

Adj.

In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

portae Phrygiae limen,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

di,

id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

superis deorum Gratus et imis,

id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

Verg. A. 6, 788:

supera ad convexa,

to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

lumen,

Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

domus deorum,

Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

de supero, quom huc accesserit,

from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

ex supero,

Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —

In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

supera de parte,

i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

superas evadere ad auras,

Verg. A. 6, 128:

superum ad lumen ire,

id. ib. 6, 680:

aurae,

Ov. M. 5, 641:

orae,

Verg. A. 2, 91:

limen,

id. ib. 6, 680.—

Sŭpĕri, orum, m.

They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

multum fleti ad superos,

i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

epistula ad superos scripta,

i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—

(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

quae Superi Manesque dabant,

Verg. A. 10, 34:

aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

Ov. M. 13, 70:

o Superi!

id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

pro Superi,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

Verg. A. 1, 4:

illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

Ov. M. 1, 161:

exemplo Superorum,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

Superorum,

id. P. 1, 1, 43:

postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

Verg. A. 3, 2:

scilicet is Superis labor est,

id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

superis deorum Gratus et imis,

id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

flectere Superos,

Verg. A. 7, 312:

te per Superos... oro,

id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—

sŭpĕra, orum, n.

The heavenly bodies:

Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—

Higher places (sc. loca):

supera semper petunt,

tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.

Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.

Lit., of place, higher, upper:

inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

tota domus superior vacat,

the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

superior accumbere,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

de loco superiore dicere,

i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

agere,

i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

ex loco superiore,

id. ib. 3, 4:

loca,

id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

id. B. C. 3, 98:

qui in superiore acie constiterant,

id. B. G. 1, 24:

ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

posteriori superius non jungitur,

id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

superiores solis defectiones,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

superioribus aestivis,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

superioribus temporibus,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

tempus (opp. posterius),

id. Dom. 37, 99:

tempora (opp. inferiora),

Suet. Claud. 41:

annus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

anno superiore,

id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

superioris anni acta,

Suet. Caes. 23:

in superiore vita,

Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

superioris more crudelitatis uti,

Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

superius genus,

mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

nuptiae,

former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

vir,

first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—

Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

aetate superiores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

superior Africanus,

the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

Dionysius,

id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

Cic. Or. 34, 120.—

Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

numero superiores,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

id. ib. 8, 19:

se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

semper discessit superior,

Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

Sall. C. 39, 4:

ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

multo superiores bello esse,

Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

Liv. 5, 7, 1.—

Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.

With abl. respect.:

pecuniis superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

id. Lael. 25, 94:

habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

ordine,

id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

facilitate et humanitate superior,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

si superior ceteris rebus esses,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—

Absol.:

ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

Liv. 22, 12, 12:

cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

Vell. 2, 101, 1.

Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.

‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—

sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.

Lit. (only poet.; cf.

summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

montes,

Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

rupes,

Sen. Oedip. 95:

arx,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

supremae Tethyos unda,

Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).

In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

supremo te sole domi manebo,

at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

Ov. M. 12, 526.—

In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

supremo vitae die,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

dies,

id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

hora,

Tib. 1, 1, 59:

tempus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

mors,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

finis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

iter,

id. C. 2, 17, 11:

lumen,

Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

ore,

id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

Verg. A. 8, 583:

Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

supremis suis annis,

in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

suprema ejus cura,

id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

funera,

Ov. M. 3, 137:

oscula,

id. ib. 6, 278:

tori,

i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

ignis,

id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

ignes,

id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

officia,

Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

tabulae,

Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

tituli,

i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

Troiae sorte suprema,

Verg. A. 5, 190:

dies regnis,

Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

anima exitura supremo,

Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.

sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

ventum ad supremum est,

Verg. A. 12, 803.—

suprēma, orum, n.

The last moments, the close of life, death:

ut me in supremis consolatus est!

Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

circa suprema Neronis,

the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—

The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

supremis divi Augusti,

Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

suprema ferre (sc. munera),

Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—

A last will, testament:

nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

Tac. A. 1, 8:

miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—

The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —

Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

macies,

Verg. A. 3, 590:

Juppiter supreme,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—

summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).

Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

summum jugum montis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

summus mons,

the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

feriunt summos fulmina montes,

the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

locus castrorum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

in summa sacra via,

on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

in summa columna conlocare,

id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

Janus summus ab imo,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

ad aquam summam appropinquare,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

in aqua summa natare,

the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

apud summum puteum,

id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

per summa volare aequora,

Verg. A. 5, 819:

summa cacumina linquunt,

id. ib. 6, 678:

mari summo,

id. ib. 1, 110:

prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

id. ib. 6, 357:

summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

id. ib. 12, 434:

amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

summam cutem novacula decerpito,

Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

a summo dare (bibere),

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—

summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

summa petere,

Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—

Transf., of the voice:

jubeo te salvere voce summa,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

vox (opp. ima),

Quint. 11, 3, 15:

summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

summo haec clamore,

Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

bis, terve summum,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

triduo aut summum quatriduo,

id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

venit summa dies,

Verg. A. 2, 324:

ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

cum esset summa senectute,

id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

Luc. 2, 211:

summo carmine,

at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

Albin. 1, 137. —

Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

summi puerorum amores,

Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

spes civium,

id. ib. 3, 11:

fides, constantia justitiaque,

id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

id. ib. 6, 20:

non agam summo jure tecum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

tres fratres summo loco nati,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

qui summo magistratui praeerat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

turpitudo,

id. Lael. 17, 61:

summum in cruciatum se venire,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

scelus,

Sall. C. 12, 5:

hiems,

the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

optimi et summi viri diligentia,

id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

summus Juppiter,

id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

miles summi inperatoris,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

amicus summus,

the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

summa ducum Atrides,

the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

summo rei publicae tempore,

at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

summa salus rei publicae,

id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

res publica,

id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

ad summam rem publicam,

Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

quo res summa loco, Panthu?

the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

non agam summo jure tecum,

deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

quod me sollicitare summe solet,

Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

cupere aliquid,

id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

contendere,

Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

diffidere,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

admirari,

Quint. 10, 1, 70:

summe jucundum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

officiosi,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

summe disertus vir,

Quint. 12, 1, 23:

summe munitus locus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

mei summe observantissimus,

Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

super inferque vicinus,

Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

totus super ignis,

Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].

Adj.

In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

portae Phrygiae limen,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

di,

id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

superis deorum Gratus et imis,

id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

Verg. A. 6, 788:

supera ad convexa,

to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

lumen,

Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

domus deorum,

Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

de supero, quom huc accesserit,

from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

ex supero,

Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —

In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

supera de parte,

i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

superas evadere ad auras,

Verg. A. 6, 128:

superum ad lumen ire,

id. ib. 6, 680:

aurae,

Ov. M. 5, 641:

orae,

Verg. A. 2, 91:

limen,

id. ib. 6, 680.—

Sŭpĕri, orum, m.

They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

multum fleti ad superos,

i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

epistula ad superos scripta,

i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—

(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

quae Superi Manesque dabant,

Verg. A. 10, 34:

aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

Ov. M. 13, 70:

o Superi!

id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

pro Superi,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

Verg. A. 1, 4:

illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

Ov. M. 1, 161:

exemplo Superorum,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

Superorum,

id. P. 1, 1, 43:

postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

Verg. A. 3, 2:

scilicet is Superis labor est,

id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

superis deorum Gratus et imis,

id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

flectere Superos,

Verg. A. 7, 312:

te per Superos... oro,

id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—

sŭpĕra, orum, n.

The heavenly bodies:

Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—

Higher places (sc. loca):

supera semper petunt,

tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.

Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.

Lit., of place, higher, upper:

inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

tota domus superior vacat,

the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

superior accumbere,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

de loco superiore dicere,

i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

agere,

i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

ex loco superiore,

id. ib. 3, 4:

loca,

id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

id. B. C. 3, 98:

qui in superiore acie constiterant,

id. B. G. 1, 24:

ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

posteriori superius non jungitur,

id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

superiores solis defectiones,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

superioribus aestivis,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

superioribus temporibus,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

tempus (opp. posterius),

id. Dom. 37, 99:

tempora (opp. inferiora),

Suet. Claud. 41:

annus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

anno superiore,

id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

superioris anni acta,

Suet. Caes. 23:

in superiore vita,

Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

superioris more crudelitatis uti,

Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

superius genus,

mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

nuptiae,

former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

vir,

first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—

Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

aetate superiores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

superior Africanus,

the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

Dionysius,

id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

Cic. Or. 34, 120.—

Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

numero superiores,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

id. ib. 8, 19:

se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

semper discessit superior,

Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

Sall. C. 39, 4:

ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

multo superiores bello esse,

Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

Liv. 5, 7, 1.—

Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.

With abl. respect.:

pecuniis superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

id. Lael. 25, 94:

habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

ordine,

id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

facilitate et humanitate superior,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

si superior ceteris rebus esses,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—

Absol.:

ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

Liv. 22, 12, 12:

cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

Vell. 2, 101, 1.

Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.

‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—

sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.

Lit. (only poet.; cf.

summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

montes,

Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

rupes,

Sen. Oedip. 95:

arx,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

supremae Tethyos unda,

Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).

In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

supremo te sole domi manebo,

at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

Ov. M. 12, 526.—

In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

supremo vitae die,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

dies,

id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

hora,

Tib. 1, 1, 59:

tempus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

mors,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

finis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

iter,

id. C. 2, 17, 11:

lumen,

Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

ore,

id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

Verg. A. 8, 583:

Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

supremis suis annis,

in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

suprema ejus cura,

id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

funera,

Ov. M. 3, 137:

oscula,

id. ib. 6, 278:

tori,

i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

ignis,

id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

ignes,

id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

officia,

Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

tabulae,

Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

tituli,

i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

Troiae sorte suprema,

Verg. A. 5, 190:

dies regnis,

Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

anima exitura supremo,

Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.

sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

ventum ad supremum est,

Verg. A. 12, 803.—

suprēma, orum, n.

The last moments, the close of life, death:

ut me in supremis consolatus est!

Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

circa suprema Neronis,

the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—

The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

supremis divi Augusti,

Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

suprema ferre (sc. munera),

Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—

A last will, testament:

nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

Tac. A. 1, 8:

miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—

The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —

Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

macies,

Verg. A. 3, 590:

Juppiter supreme,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—

summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).

Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

summum jugum montis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

summus mons,

the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

feriunt summos fulmina montes,

the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

locus castrorum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

in summa sacra via,

on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

in summa columna conlocare,

id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

Janus summus ab imo,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

ad aquam summam appropinquare,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

in aqua summa natare,

the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

apud summum puteum,

id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

per summa volare aequora,

Verg. A. 5, 819:

summa cacumina linquunt,

id. ib. 6, 678:

mari summo,

id. ib. 1, 110:

prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

id. ib. 6, 357:

summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

id. ib. 12, 434:

amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

summam cutem novacula decerpito,

Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

a summo dare (bibere),

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—

summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

summa petere,

Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—

Transf., of the voice:

jubeo te salvere voce summa,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

vox (opp. ima),

Quint. 11, 3, 15:

summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

summo haec clamore,

Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

bis, terve summum,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

triduo aut summum quatriduo,

id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

venit summa dies,

Verg. A. 2, 324:

ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

cum esset summa senectute,

id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

Luc. 2, 211:

summo carmine,

at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

Albin. 1, 137. —

Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

summi puerorum amores,

Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

spes civium,

id. ib. 3, 11:

fides, constantia justitiaque,

id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

id. ib. 6, 20:

non agam summo jure tecum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

tres fratres summo loco nati,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

qui summo magistratui praeerat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

turpitudo,

id. Lael. 17, 61:

summum in cruciatum se venire,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

scelus,

Sall. C. 12, 5:

hiems,

the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

optimi et summi viri diligentia,

id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

summus Juppiter,

id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

miles summi inperatoris,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

amicus summus,

the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

summa ducum Atrides,

the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

summo rei publicae tempore,

at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

summa salus rei publicae,

id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

res publica,

id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

ad summam rem publicam,

Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

quo res summa loco, Panthu?

the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

non agam summo jure tecum,

deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

quod me sollicitare summe solet,

Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

cupere aliquid,

id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

contendere,

Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

diffidere,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

admirari,

Quint. 10, 1, 70:

summe jucundum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

officiosi,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

summe disertus vir,

Quint. 12, 1, 23:

summe munitus locus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

mei summe observantissimus,

Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

super inferque vicinus,

Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

totus super ignis,

Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].

Adj.

In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

portae Phrygiae limen,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

di,

id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

superis deorum Gratus et imis,

id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

Verg. A. 6, 788:

supera ad convexa,

to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

lumen,

Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

domus deorum,

Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

de supero, quom huc accesserit,

from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

ex supero,

Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —

In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

supera de parte,

i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

superas evadere ad auras,

Verg. A. 6, 128:

superum ad lumen ire,

id. ib. 6, 680:

aurae,

Ov. M. 5, 641:

orae,

Verg. A. 2, 91:

limen,

id. ib. 6, 680.—

Sŭpĕri, orum, m.

They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

multum fleti ad superos,

i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

epistula ad superos scripta,

i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—

(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

quae Superi Manesque dabant,

Verg. A. 10, 34:

aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

Ov. M. 13, 70:

o Superi!

id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

pro Superi,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

Verg. A. 1, 4:

illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

Ov. M. 1, 161:

exemplo Superorum,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

Superorum,

id. P. 1, 1, 43:

postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

Verg. A. 3, 2:

scilicet is Superis labor est,

id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

superis deorum Gratus et imis,

id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

flectere Superos,

Verg. A. 7, 312:

te per Superos... oro,

id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—

sŭpĕra, orum, n.

The heavenly bodies:

Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—

Higher places (sc. loca):

supera semper petunt,

tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.

Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.

Lit., of place, higher, upper:

inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

tota domus superior vacat,

the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

superior accumbere,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

de loco superiore dicere,

i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

agere,

i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

ex loco superiore,

id. ib. 3, 4:

loca,

id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

id. B. C. 3, 98:

qui in superiore acie constiterant,

id. B. G. 1, 24:

ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

posteriori superius non jungitur,

id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

superiores solis defectiones,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

superioribus aestivis,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

superioribus temporibus,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

tempus (opp. posterius),

id. Dom. 37, 99:

tempora (opp. inferiora),

Suet. Claud. 41:

annus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

anno superiore,

id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

superioris anni acta,

Suet. Caes. 23:

in superiore vita,

Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

superioris more crudelitatis uti,

Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

superius genus,

mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

nuptiae,

former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

vir,

first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—

Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

aetate superiores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

superior Africanus,

the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

Dionysius,

id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

Cic. Or. 34, 120.—

Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

numero superiores,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

id. ib. 8, 19:

se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

semper discessit superior,

Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

Sall. C. 39, 4:

ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

multo superiores bello esse,

Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

Liv. 5, 7, 1.—

Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.

With abl. respect.:

pecuniis superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

id. Lael. 25, 94:

habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

ordine,

id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

facilitate et humanitate superior,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

si superior ceteris rebus esses,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—

Absol.:

ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

Liv. 22, 12, 12:

cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

Vell. 2, 101, 1.

Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.

‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—

sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.

Lit. (only poet.; cf.

summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

montes,

Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

rupes,

Sen. Oedip. 95:

arx,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

supremae Tethyos unda,

Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).

In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

supremo te sole domi manebo,

at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

Ov. M. 12, 526.—

In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

supremo vitae die,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

dies,

id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

hora,

Tib. 1, 1, 59:

tempus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

mors,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

finis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

iter,

id. C. 2, 17, 11:

lumen,

Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

ore,

id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

Verg. A. 8, 583:

Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

supremis suis annis,

in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

suprema ejus cura,

id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

funera,

Ov. M. 3, 137:

oscula,

id. ib. 6, 278:

tori,

i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

ignis,

id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

ignes,

id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

officia,

Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

tabulae,

Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

tituli,

i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

Troiae sorte suprema,

Verg. A. 5, 190:

dies regnis,

Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

anima exitura supremo,

Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.

sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

ventum ad supremum est,

Verg. A. 12, 803.—

suprēma, orum, n.

The last moments, the close of life, death:

ut me in supremis consolatus est!

Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

circa suprema Neronis,

the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—

The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

supremis divi Augusti,

Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

suprema ferre (sc. munera),

Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—

A last will, testament:

nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

Tac. A. 1, 8:

miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—

The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —

Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

macies,

Verg. A. 3, 590:

Juppiter supreme,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—

summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).

Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

summum jugum montis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

summus mons,

the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

feriunt summos fulmina montes,

the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

locus castrorum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

in summa sacra via,

on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

in summa columna conlocare,

id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

Janus summus ab imo,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

ad aquam summam appropinquare,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

in aqua summa natare,

the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

apud summum puteum,

id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

per summa volare aequora,

Verg. A. 5, 819:

summa cacumina linquunt,

id. ib. 6, 678:

mari summo,

id. ib. 1, 110:

prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

id. ib. 6, 357:

summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

id. ib. 12, 434:

amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

summam cutem novacula decerpito,

Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

a summo dare (bibere),

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—

summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

summa petere,

Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—

Transf., of the voice:

jubeo te salvere voce summa,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

vox (opp. ima),

Quint. 11, 3, 15:

summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

summo haec clamore,

Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

bis, terve summum,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

triduo aut summum quatriduo,

id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

venit summa dies,

Verg. A. 2, 324:

ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

cum esset summa senectute,

id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

Luc. 2, 211:

summo carmine,

at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

Albin. 1, 137. —

Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

summi puerorum amores,

Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

spes civium,

id. ib. 3, 11:

fides, constantia justitiaque,

id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

id. ib. 6, 20:

non agam summo jure tecum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

tres fratres summo loco nati,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

qui summo magistratui praeerat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

turpitudo,

id. Lael. 17, 61:

summum in cruciatum se venire,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

scelus,

Sall. C. 12, 5:

hiems,

the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

optimi et summi viri diligentia,

id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

summus Juppiter,

id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

miles summi inperatoris,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

amicus summus,

the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

summa ducum Atrides,

the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

summo rei publicae tempore,

at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

summa salus rei publicae,

id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

res publica,

id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

ad summam rem publicam,

Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

quo res summa loco, Panthu?

the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

non agam summo jure tecum,

deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

quod me sollicitare summe solet,

Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

cupere aliquid,

id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

contendere,

Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

diffidere,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

admirari,

Quint. 10, 1, 70:

summe jucundum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

officiosi,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

summe disertus vir,

Quint. 12, 1, 23:

summe munitus locus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

mei summe observantissimus,

Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

super inferque vicinus,

Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

totus super ignis,

Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].

Adj.

In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

portae Phrygiae limen,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

di,

id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

superis deorum Gratus et imis,

id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

Verg. A. 6, 788:

supera ad convexa,

to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

lumen,

Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

domus deorum,

Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

de supero, quom huc accesserit,

from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

ex supero,

Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —

In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

supera de parte,

i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

superas evadere ad auras,

Verg. A. 6, 128:

superum ad lumen ire,

id. ib. 6, 680:

aurae,

Ov. M. 5, 641:

orae,

Verg. A. 2, 91:

limen,

id. ib. 6, 680.—

Sŭpĕri, orum, m.

They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

multum fleti ad superos,

i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

epistula ad superos scripta,

i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—

(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

quae Superi Manesque dabant,

Verg. A. 10, 34:

aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

Ov. M. 13, 70:

o Superi!

id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

pro Superi,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

Verg. A. 1, 4:

illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

Ov. M. 1, 161:

exemplo Superorum,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

Superorum,

id. P. 1, 1, 43:

postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

Verg. A. 3, 2:

scilicet is Superis labor est,

id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

superis deorum Gratus et imis,

id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

flectere Superos,

Verg. A. 7, 312:

te per Superos... oro,

id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—

sŭpĕra, orum, n.

The heavenly bodies:

Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—

Higher places (sc. loca):

supera semper petunt,

tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.

Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.

Lit., of place, higher, upper:

inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

tota domus superior vacat,

the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

superior accumbere,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

de loco superiore dicere,

i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

agere,

i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

ex loco superiore,

id. ib. 3, 4:

loca,

id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

id. B. C. 3, 98:

qui in superiore acie constiterant,

id. B. G. 1, 24:

ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

posteriori superius non jungitur,

id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

superiores solis defectiones,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

superioribus aestivis,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

superioribus temporibus,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

tempus (opp. posterius),

id. Dom. 37, 99:

tempora (opp. inferiora),

Suet. Claud. 41:

annus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

anno superiore,

id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

superioris anni acta,

Suet. Caes. 23:

in superiore vita,

Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

superioris more crudelitatis uti,

Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

superius genus,

mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

nuptiae,

former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

vir,

first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—

Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

aetate superiores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

superior Africanus,

the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

Dionysius,

id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

Cic. Or. 34, 120.—

Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

numero superiores,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

id. ib. 8, 19:

se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

semper discessit superior,

Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

Sall. C. 39, 4:

ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

multo superiores bello esse,

Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

Liv. 5, 7, 1.—

Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.

With abl. respect.:

pecuniis superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

id. Lael. 25, 94:

habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

ordine,

id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

facilitate et humanitate superior,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

si superior ceteris rebus esses,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—

Absol.:

ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

Liv. 22, 12, 12:

cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

Vell. 2, 101, 1.

Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.

‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—

sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.

Lit. (only poet.; cf.

summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

montes,

Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

rupes,

Sen. Oedip. 95:

arx,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

supremae Tethyos unda,

Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).

In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

supremo te sole domi manebo,

at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

Ov. M. 12, 526.—

In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

supremo vitae die,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

dies,

id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

hora,

Tib. 1, 1, 59:

tempus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

mors,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

finis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

iter,

id. C. 2, 17, 11:

lumen,

Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

ore,

id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

Verg. A. 8, 583:

Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

supremis suis annis,

in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

suprema ejus cura,

id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

funera,

Ov. M. 3, 137:

oscula,

id. ib. 6, 278:

tori,

i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

ignis,

id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

ignes,

id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

officia,

Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

tabulae,

Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

tituli,

i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

Troiae sorte suprema,

Verg. A. 5, 190:

dies regnis,

Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

anima exitura supremo,

Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.