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41 καταβάλλω
καταβάλλω fut. καταβαλῶ LXX; 2 aor. κατέβαλον; pf. 3 sg. καταβέβληκε Pr 7:26. Pass.: aor. ptc. καταβληθείς 4 Macc 12:1; pf. ptc. καταβεβλημένη Pr 25:28 (s. βάλλω; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, En; TestSol 23:1; TestJob 18:1; ApcEsdr 5:12 p. 30, 6 [τὸν σπόρον … ἐν τῇ γῇ; cp. Ath. 33, 1]; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Just., Tat., Ath.).① to strike with sufficient force so as to knock down, throw down, strike down act. and pass. (X., Cyr. 1, 3, 14 et al.—‘desist from, cease’ Tat. 1, 2; 9, 3; Ath. 21, 3) τινά someone (Diod S 14, 17, 10; Appian, Liby. 111, §527; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 14, 2; Philo, Agr. 120; PsSol, TestSol, Just.; Tat. 20, 1) pass. καταβαλλόμενοι ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἀπολλύμενοι struck down, but not destroyed 2 Cor 4:9; cp. Rv 12:10 v.l.② to lay someth. down with implication of permanence, found, lay (a foundation), θεμέλιον, mid. (Dionys. Hal. 3, 69 τοὺς θεμελίους; Porphyr., Abst. 8, 10; Jos., Ant. 11, 93; 15, 391; cp. 2 Macc 2:13 βιβλιοθήκην; EpArist 104) in imagery (so e.g. of the founding of a philos. school Plut., Mor. 329a) Hb 6:1.—M-M. -
42 καταβολή
καταβολή, ῆς, ἡ (s. καταβάλλω; Hippocr., Demosth. et al.; ins, pap, 2 Macc 2:29; AssMos Fgm. a=Tromp p. 272; EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; Just., D. 102, 4 τῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ πύργου καταβολῇ [s. καταβάλλω 2]; Ath., R. 17 p. 69, 6).① the act of laying someth. down, with implication of providing a base for someth., foundation. Readily connected with the idea of founding is the sense beginning (Jos., Bell. 2, 260 ἀποστάσεως καταβολή) τ. καταβολὴν τ. στάσεως ποιεῖν be responsible for beginning the dissension (cp. Polyb. 13, 6, 2 καταβολὴν ἐποιεῖτο τυραννίδος) 1 Cl 57:1. Esp. καταβολὴ κόσμου (Plut., Mor. 956a ἅμα τῇ πρώτῃ καταβολῇ τ. ἀνθρώπων): ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου from the foundation of the world (Theoph., Ant. 3, 26 [p. 258, 27]; difft., Polyb. 1, 36, 8; 24, 8, 9; Diod S 12, 32, 2—all three ἐκ καταβολῆς) Mt 13:35; 25:34; Lk 11:50; Hb 4:3; 9:26; Rv 13:8; 17:8; B 5:5. πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου (AssMos Fgm. a) J 17:24; Eph 1:4; 1 Pt 1:20.—OHofius, ZNW 62, ’71, 123–38. Also abs. (without κόσμου, s. κόσμος 3; cp. EpArist 129) Mt 13:35 v.l. This may be the mng. of Hb 11:11, where it is said of Sarah δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβεν she received the ability to establish a posterity (s. NRSV mg.). But② κ., a t.t. for the sowing of seed, used of begetting (τοῦ σπέρματος [εἰς γῆν ἢ μήτραν M. Ant. 4, 36]: Plut., Mor. 320b σπορὰ κ. καταβολή of the procreation of Romulus by Ares and Silvia; 905e; Ps.-Lucian, Amor. 19; Galen, Aphorism. 4, 1, XVII/2, 653 K.; cp. Philo, Op. M. 132; Epict. 1, 13, 3; Herm. Wr. 9, 6; Ath., R. 17 p. 69, 6 σπερμάτων καταβολήν; s. Field, Notes 232). If this mng. is correct for Hb 11:11, there is prob. some error in the text, since this expression could not be used of Sarah, but only of Abraham (e.g. αὐτῇ Σάρρᾳ=‘together w. Sarah’ is read by W-H. margin; Riggenbach; Michel; B-D-F §194, 1. This use of the dat. is found in Thu., X. et al., also Diod S 20, 76, 1; Appian, Samn. 7 §2; Polyaenus 6, 18, 2; 7, 15, 3; 8, 28; Theod. Prodr. 6, 148 H. αὐτῇ Ῥοδάνῃ). Windisch, Hdb. ad loc. and s. αἷμα 1a.—MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 83–89.—DELG s.v. βάλλω. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
43 καταγγέλλω
καταγγέλλω impf. κατήγγελλον; 1 aor. κατήγγειλα; pf. κατήγγελκα. Pass.: 2 aor. κατηγγέλην Ac 17:13; pf. ptc. κατηγγελμένος (Just.). (Since X., An. 2, 5, 38; ins [e.g. SIG 797, 6]; pap; 2 Macc; Philo, Op. M. 106; Joseph., Just., Tat.; freq. used of public decrees) to make known in public, with implication of broad dissemination, proclaim, announceⓐ w. a thing as obj. τὶ someth.: the gospel 1 Cor 9:14; customs Ac 16:21. τ. ἡμέρας ταύτας 3:24 (Jos., Ant. 3, 206 ἑορτήν). τὸν θάνατον τοῦ κυρίου καταγγέλλετε you proclaim (by celebrating the sacrament rather than w. words) the Lord’s death 1 Cor 11:26. τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς Ac 13:5; cp. 15:36. Pass. 17:13. ἐν τῷ Ἰησοῦ τὴν ἀνάστασιν τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν proclaim in the person of Jesus the resurrection from the dead 4:2. Pass. ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν καταγγέλλεται ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ κόσμῳ your faith is well known throughout the world Ro 1:8; cp. Pol 1:2.—τινί τι someth. to someone (Philo, Aet. M. 68; Jos., Ant. 2, 15) ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν Ac 13:38; ὁδὸν σωτηρίας 16:17. τὸ μυστήριον (μαρτύριον v.l.) τοῦ θεοῦ the secret purpose of God 1 Cor 2:1. φῶς τῷ τε λαῷ καὶ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν proclaim light to the people (of Israel) and to the gentiles Ac 26:23; cp. 17:23. εἴς τι: εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον direct one’s proclamation toward the gospel, i.e. foreshadow the gosp. IPhld 5:2.ⓑ w. personal obj.: τινά someone (Iren. 1, 19, 1 [Harv. I 175, 4]) τὸν Χριστόν Phil 1:17; cp. vs. 18; Col 1:28 (Just., D. 7, 3). τινά τινι someone to someone Ac 17:3 (Iren. 1, 20, 2 [Harv. I 178, 10]). οἱ προφῆται κ. εἰς αὐτόν the prophets directed their proclamation toward him (Jesus) IPhld 9:2.—DELG s.v. ἄγγελος. M-M. TW. -
44 καταλαμβάνω
καταλαμβάνω (s. λαμβάνω; Hom.+) 2 aor. κατέλαβον; pf. κατείληφα. Mid.: fut. καταλήψομαι LXX; 2 aor. κατελαβόμην. Pass.: fut. 3 pl. καταλη(μ)θήσονται (PsSol 15:9); 1 aor. κατελήμφθην Phil 3:12 (B-D-F §101 p. 53 s.v. λαμβ.; Mlt-H. 246f s.v. λαμβ.; on the form κατειλήφθη J 8:4 in the older NT editions s. W-S. §12, 1); pf. 3 sg. κατείληπται, ptc. κατειλημμένος. Gener. ‘to seize, lay hold of’ (of forceful seizure Plut., Cleom. 806 [4, 2]; POxy 1101, 26; PsSol 8:19)① to make someth. one’s own, win, attain, act. and pass. (Diog. L. 5, 12 καταλαμβάνω means ‘come into possession of an inheritance’); abs. (though τὸ βραβεῖον is to be supplied fr. the context) of the winning of a prize 1 Cor 9:24. As a result of διώκειν (cp. Diod S 17, 73, 3 ἐπιδιώκων … τὸν Δαρεῖον … καταλαβών; Sir 11:10 ἐὰν διώκῃς, οὐ μὴ καταλάβῃς; 27:8) Phil 3:12a, 13: Χριστόν, corresp. to κατελήμφθην ὑπὸ Χριστοῦ Ἰ. vs. 12b. δικαιοσύνην Ro 9:30. ἐπίγνωσιν πατρός Dg 10:1 cj (vGebhardt for καὶ λάβῃς). The pass. is found in the mng. make one’s own in the ending of Mark in the Freer ms. 3 (KHaacker, ZNW 63, ’72, 125–29).—This may also be the mng. of κ. in J 1:5 ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ (=τὸ φῶς) οὐ κατέλαβεν (-λαμβάνει Tat. 13, 1; cp. Arrian., An. Alex. 1, 5, 10 εἰ νὺξ αὐτοὺς καταλήψεται ‘if the night would overtake them’; here preceded in 1, 5, 9 by k. in the sense ‘occupy’ of positions above a plain; s. Wetstein on J 1:5 and 2b below) the darkness did not grasp it (Hdb. ad loc.; so also Bultmann, and similarly JDyer, JBL 79, ’60, 70f: appreciate), in which case grasp easily passes over to the sense comprehend (the act. [for the mid. in the same sense s. 4a below] has the latter sense in Pla., Phdr. 250d; Polyb. 8, 4, 6; Dionys. Hal. 5, 46, 3; PTebt 15, 5; 38, 18; EpArist 1; Aristobul. [Eus., PE 8, 10, 10 and 17=Denis 219, 18 and 221, 5/Holladay p. 140, 2f and 148, 3]; Philo, Mut. Nom. 4; Jos., Vi. 56). Most Greek commentators since Origen take κ. here as overcome, suppress (Hdt. 1, 46 κ. τινῶν αὐξανομένην τὴν δύναμιν; 1, 87 τὸ πῦρ; WNagel, ZNW 50, ’59, 132–37). So Goodsp. put out (Probs. 93f). But perh. J intended to include both mngs. here (so FGingrich, ClW 37, ’43, 77), and some such transl. as master would suggest this (so MSmith, JBL 64, ’45, 510f).② to gain control of someone through pursuit, catch up with, seizeⓐ of authority figures catch up with, overtake (Hdt. 1:63 τοὺς φεύγοντας; Polyb. 1:47; Gen. 31:23; Judg 18:22; PsSol 15:8) διωκόμενοι κατελήμφθησαν they were pursued and overtaken AcPl Ha 11, 18.ⓑ mostly of varieties of evil seize w. hostile intent, overtake, come upon (Hom.+; oft. LXX; TestSol 2:4 D; Wetstein and Zahn [comm.] on J 1:5 for other exx.; s. also SIG 434/5, 14) μὴ ἡμᾶς καταλάβῃ κακά lest evil overtake us (cp. Gen 19:19; Num 32:23) 2 Cl 10:1; cp. B 4:1. Of a hostile divinity ὅπου ἐὰν αὐτὸν καταλάβῃ wherever it seizes him (the sick man) Mk 9:18.ⓒ esp. used of night, evening, darkness coming upon a pers. (Dionys. Hal. 2, 51, 3 ἑσπέρα γὰρ αὐτοὺς κατέλαβεν; Lucian, Tox. 31; 52; Philo, De Jos. 145; Jos., Ant. 5, 61 καταλαβοῦσα νύξ, Vi. 329 [GrBar 9:1]. But the thought in these instances is not necessarily always that of night as something hostile to humans in general. κ. can also mean simply ‘arrive’, ‘come on’, as in numerous exx. cited by Wetstein [above]; s. also Dionys. Hal. 10, 56, 1 ἐπεὶ κατέλαβεν ὁ τ. ἀρχαιρεσιῶν καιρός; Strabo 3, 1, 5; Jos., Ant. 4, 78) GJs 14:1 κατέλαβεν (-ἐβαλεν pap) αὐτὸν νύξ; J 6:17 v.l. σκοτία. In imagery, w. sugg. of sense in 2b: 12:35.③ to come upon someone, with implication of surprise, catchⓐ of moral authorities catch, detect (PLille 3, 58 [III B.C.]; Just., D. 47, 5 [noncanonical dominical saying]; PRyl 138, 15. Esp. of the detection of adultery Epict. 2, 4, 1; BGU 1024 III, 11; Sus 58) τινὰ ἐπί τινι someone in someth. ἐπὶ μοιχείᾳ in adultery (Diod S 10, 20, 2 ἐπὶ μοιχείᾳ κατειλημμένη) J 8:3 a woman caught in the act of adultery. Pass. (Just., A I, 47, 6) w. ptc. indicating the punishable act ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ μοιχουομένη in the act of committing adultery vs. 4.ⓑ of a thief: in imagery of the coming of ‘the day’, unexpected by the ‘children of darkness’ and fraught w. danger for them 1 Th 5:4.④ to process information, understand, graspⓐ learn about someth. through process of inquiry, mid. grasp, find, understand (Dionys. Hal. 2, 66, 6; Sext. Emp., Math. 7, 288; Vett. Val. 225, 8; TestJob 37:6 τὰ βάθη τοῦ κυρίου al.; Philo, Mos. 1, 278; Jos., Ant. 8, 167; Tat. 4:2 [on Ro 1:20]; Ath. 5, 2; 24, 2) w. acc. and inf. Ac 25:25. W. ὅτι foll. 4:13; 10:34. W. indirect discourse foll. Eph 3:18.ⓑ on J 1:5 s. 1 and 2 above.—B. 701; 1207. M-M. TW. -
45 καταλείπω
καταλείπω (s. λείπω; Hom.+) alternate form καταλιμπάνω (LXX; TestIss 6:1; ApcEsdr 3:12 p. 27, 24 Tdf.) impf. κατέλειπον; fut. καταλείψω; 1 aor. κατέλειψα (Ac 6:2; Hs 8, 3, 5 v.l.; CPR I, 102; Jos., Bell. 1, 504, Ant. 10, 277); 2 aor. κατέλιπον (on the aor. forms s. B-D-F §75; W-S. §13, 10; Rob. 348; Helbing 90f; Thackeray 234; Dssm., NB 18 [BS 190]; Crönert 234, 6; KDieterich, Untersuchungen 1898, 238; Mayser 364); pf. καταλέλοιπα LXX. Pass.: fut. καταλειφθήσομαι LXX; 1 aor. κατελείφθην; pf. 3 sg. καταλέλειπται (LXX; JosAs 4:13), inf. καταλελεῖφθαι, ptc. καταλελειμμένος (W-S. §5, 13e) ‘leave behind’.① to cause to be left in a place, leave (behind)ⓐ of pers. τινά someoneα. by leaving a place (Diod S 1, 55, 4; 5, 51, 4; Da 10:13; ParJer 3:12; ApcMos 31; Just., D. 2, 3 al.) καταλείψει ἄνθρωπος τὸν πατέρα κτλ. Mt 19:5; Mk 10:7; Eph 5:31 (all three Gen 2:24); Mt 16:4; 21:17. κἀκείνους κατέλιπεν αὐτοῦ Ac 18:19. κατέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ, ἵνα Tit 1:5 v.l. (for ἀπολείπω). καταλείπω σε ἐν τῷ οἴκω μου GJs 9:3. ὁ Φῆλιξ κατέλιπεν τ. Παῦλον δεδεμένον Ac 24:27 (the ptc. as TestReub 3:14); cp. the pass. be left behind (Hippol., Ref. 7, 25, 2) 25:14.—Elsewh. the pass. has the mng. remain behind (X., An. 5, 6, 12) J 8:9. ἐν Ἀθήναις 1 Th 3:1.β. by dying leave (behind) (Hom. et al.; oft. pap and LXX) γυναῖκα Mk 12:19. σπέρμα descendants vs. 21 (s. ἀφίημι 4). τέκνα (Dt 28:54; cp. Pr 20:7; Jos., Ant. 12, 235) Lk 20:31.ⓑ of things leave (behind) (s. β above) πρόβατα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Lk 15:4. πάντα ἐπὶ τ. γῆς everything on land 5:11 D. Of a youth fleeing fr. the police καταλιπὼν τὴν σινδόνα Mk 14:52 (Aesop, Fab. 419 P.=196 H./301 H-H.: κατέλιπε τὸν ἑαυτοῦ χιτῶνα; Gen 39:12; TestJos 8:3; cp. Mk 10:50, s. PDickerson, JBL 116, ’97, 273–89).② to depart from a place, with implication of finality, leave (Dio Chrys. 30 [47], 2 τ. πατρίδα; Just., D. 60, 2 τὰ ὑπὲρ οὐρανὸν πάντα) τὴν Ναζαρά Mt 4:13. Αἴγυπτον Hb 11:27. Fig. καταλείποντες εὐθεῖαν ὁδὸν ἐπλανήθησαν 2 Pt 2:15. κ. ὁδὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ὅλως ApcPt Bodl.— Leave someth. as it is, located in its own place, of an island καταλιπόντες αὐτὴν εὐώνυμον Ac 21:3.③ to cease from some activity, leave to one side, give up of vice κακίαν 2 Cl 10:1 (ParJer 8:2 τὰ ἔργα τῆς Βαβυλῶνος). W. inf. foll. to denote purpose: leave off from τοῦ φυλάσσειν τὸν πύργον cease to guard the tower Hs 9, 5, 1 of young women who appeared to have ceased guarding a certain tower.④ to cause someth. to remain in existence or be left over, leave over (Alex. Aphr., Fat. 28, II 2 p. 199, 8) τὰ θηρία … ἵνα μηδὲν καταλίπωσι τῶν τοῦ σώματός μου so that they don’t leave a piece of my body IRo 4:2. Pass. remain (Jos., Bell. 4, 338 σωτηρίας ἐλπίς; Iren. 1, 16, 1 [Harv. I 158, 12]; Hippol., Ref. 7, 31, 8), specif. in the sense be incomplete, unfinished, open (X., Cyr. 2, 3, 11 μάχη; PLond III, 1171, 43 [8 B.C.]) καταλειπομένη ἐπαγγελία a promise that is still open Hb 4:1.—Leave over; see to it that someth. is left (cp. Sir 24:33) κατέλιπον ἐμαυτῷ ἑπτακισχιλίους ἄνδρας I have kept 7,000 men for myself Ro 11:4 (3 Km 19:18; here as in the Hebr. the first pers.).⑤ to leave someth. with design before departing, leave behind of an inheritance (Mel., P. 49, 347–79) Hv 3, 12, 2.⑥ to cause to be left to one’s own resources, leave (behind)ⓐ by desertion or abandonment leave behind, desert MPol 17:2 Christ (Sir 28:23 κύριον; Just., D. 8, 3 θεόν).ⓑ leave without help τινά w. the inf. of result (not of purpose; s. B-D-F §392, 1f; Rob. 1090, and cp. Il. 17, 151) ἡ ἀδελφή μου μόνην με κατέλιπεν διακονεῖν my sister has left me without help, so that now I must serve alone Lk 10:40 (v.l. κατέλειπεν; for κ. ἐμὲ μόνον cp. Jos., Vi. 301).⑦ to set someth. aside in the interest of someth. else, leaveⓐ abandon ἀλήθειαν Hs 8, 9, 1.ⓑ give up (e.g. schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 272–74 τὴν τέχνην give up one’s trade); lose (Petosiris, Fgm. 12 ln. 22 and 120 τὸν θρόνον) πάντα Lk 5:28; cp. 1 Cl 10:2; τὴν παροικίαν τ. κόσμου τούτου 2 Cl 5:1.ⓒ set to one side, neglect (Ps.-X., Cyneg. 3, 10 τὰ αὑτῶν ἔργα; Dt 29:24 τ. διαθήκην; Jos., Ant. 8, 190 τ. τῶν πατρίων ἐθισμῶν φυλακήν; TestIss 6:1 τὴν ἁπλότητα) ἄμπελος ἐν φραγμῷ τινι καταλειφθεῖσα just as a vine left to itself on some fence Hs 9, 26, 4. τὸν λόγον τ. θεοῦ Ac 6:2.—DELG s.v. λίθος. M-M. TW. -
46 καταστροφή
καταστροφή, ῆς, ἡ (s. καταστρέφω; Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; LXX; En 102:10; TestJob 33:4; Jos., Ant. 15, 287; 376)① condition of total destruction, with the implication that nothing is in its customary place or position, ruin, destruction gener. 1 Cl 57:4 (Pr 1:27). Of a city 7:7. καταστροφῇ κατακρίνειν condemn to destruction 2 Pt 2:6 (cp. Gen 19:29).② state of being intellectually upset to a ruinous degree, ruin ἐπὶ καταστροφῇ τῶν ἀκουόντων to the ruin of the hearers (the opp. would be edification) 2 Ti 2:14 (s. καταστρέφω 3).—DELG s.v. στρέφω. M-M. TW. -
47 καταφεύγω
καταφεύγω fut. καταφεύξομαι LXX; 2 aor. κατέφυγον; aor. mixed 1 sg. κατέφυγα (JosAs 13:1) (s. φεύγω; Eur., Hdt.+).① to get away from an area, with implication of having a destination in mind, flee εἰς τὰς πόλεις τῆς Λυκαονίας Ac 14:6 (cp. κ. εἰς τ. πόλ. Aeneas Tact. 1794; Lev 26:25; Dt 4:42; TestJob 17:5.—Jos., Bell. 6, 201, Ant. 18, 373).② to gain shelter from danger, take refuge (PSI 383, 15 [248 B.C.]; PMagd 25, 8; Alex. Aphr., Fat. 32, II 2 p. 204, 26 to Asclepius; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Σύβαρις: κ. ἐπὶ τὴν θεόν=to the deity; Philo; πρὸς σέ JosAs 13:1) w. inf. foll. οἱ καταφυγόντες κρατῆσαι τῆς προκειμένης ἐλπίδος we who have taken refuge, to seize the hope that is placed before us Hb 6:18.—M-M. Spicq. -
48 καταφρονέω
καταφρονέω fut. καταφρονήσω; 1 aor. κατεφρόνησα. Pass.: 1 aor. subj. 1 pl. καταφρονηθῶμεν 4 Macc 6:21 (s. next entry and φρονέω; Eur., Hdt.+).① to look down on someone or someth. with contempt or aversion, with implication that one considers the object of little value, look down on, despise, scorn, treat with contempt τινός (X., Mem. 3, 4, 12; Menand., Fgm. 301, 10 Kö. τῶν πτωχῶν; Diod S 1, 67, 7; PMagd 8, 11; 23, 4 [221 B.C.]; Jos., Bell. 1, 633; Iren. 1, 25, 1 [Harv. I 205, 2]; Did., Gen. 45, 24) someone or someth. (opp. ἀντέχεσθαι) Mt 6:24; Lk 16:13.—Dg 2:7. ἑνὸς τῶν μικρῶν τούτων Mt 18:10 (difft. κ. τῶν μικρῶν [neut.]: Socrat., Ep. 29, 3); τῆς ἐκκλησίας τοῦ θεοῦ God’s congregation (in contrast to isolationism, the partaking of τὸ ἴδιον δεῖπνον) 1 Cor 11:22; doubt Hm 9:10; grief 10, 3, 1. κυριότητος 2 Pt 2:10. μηδείς σου τῆς νεότητος καταφρονείτω let no one look down on you because you are young 1 Ti 4:12 (καταφρονήσας τῆς Ἀλεξάνδρου νεότητος Diod S 17, 7, 1 [Field, Notes 209]; Herodian 1, 3, 5; cp. PGen 6, 13 [146 A.D.]); cp. Tit 2:15 v.l. (for περιφρονείτω). Pass. Hm 7:2.—τοῦ πλούτου τῆς χρηστότητος have little regard for God’s goodness Ro 2:4 (s. Ltzm. ad loc.—Phylarchus [III B.C.]: 81 Fgm. 24 Jac. οἱ πολλοὶ κ. τοῦ θείου). Abs. (sc. αὐτῶν) 1 Ti 6:2.② to consider something not important enough to be an object of concern when evaluated against someth. else, care nothing for, disregard, be unafraid of (Diod S 3, 50, 5; Epict. 4, 1, 70 τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν; 71; Arrian, Anab. 7, 4, 3; SIG 705, 36 [112 B.C.] καταφρονήσαντες τοῦ τῆς συγκλήτου δόγματος; EpArist 225; Joseph.) αἰσχύνης Hb 12:2 (cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 313 τ. ὀλιγότητος=their small number); death (Just., A II, 10, 8; Tat. 11, 1; Diod S 5, 29, 2 τοῦ θανάτου κ.; on the topic cp. M. Ant. 11, 3) Dg 1:1; 10:7 (opp. φοβεῖσθαι); ISm 3:2; torture MPol 2:3; cp. 11:2.—DELG s.v. φρήν. M-M. TW. Spicq. -
49 κοσμικός
κοσμικός, ή, όν (s. κόσμος; Aristot., Phys. 2, 4 p. 196a, 25 τοὐρανοῦ τοῦδε καὶ τῶν κοσμικῶν πάντων; Vett. Val. Index II; Lucian, Paras. 11 [opp. ἀνθρώπινος]; Ps.-Plutarch, Consol. ad Apoll. 34, Mor. 119e κοσμικὴ διάταξις; ins; PGM 4, 2533 τὰ κοσμικὰ πάντα; TestAbr A 7 p. 84, 25 [Stone p. 16] τὸν κοσμικὸν βίον; TestJos 17:8 κ. … δόξαν; Philo, Aet. M. 53; Jos., Bell. 4, 324; Tat. 12, 5 κ. καταλήψεως; Ath. 24, 5 κ. σοφίας; loanw. in rabb.).① pert. to the earth as a physical phenomenon, earthly (TestJos. 17:8) τὸ ἅγιον κ. the earthly sanctuary (opp. heavenly) Hb 9:1. τὸ κ. μυστήριον ἐκκλησίας the earthly mystery of the church D 11:11. κοσμικαὶ βάσανοι earthly tortures MPol 2:3.—Subst. τὰ κ. ταῦτα these earthly things 2 Cl 5:6 (cp. Did., Gen. 149, 11).② pert. to interests prevailing on earth, worldly, w. the implication of that which is at enmity w. God or morally reprehensible: αἱ κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι worldly desires Tit 2:12; 2 Cl 17:3 (cp. Iren.1, 16, 3 [Harv. I 164, 5]).—DELG s.v. κόσμος. TW. Sv. -
50 λιπαρός
λιπαρός, ά, όν (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX) prim. mng. ‘oily, fat’, then pert. to being bright or radiant, with implication of being luxurious, bright, costly, rich (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 229; SibOr 7, 18) subst. τὰ λιπαρά (w. τὰ λαμπρά; cp. SEG VIII, 550, 10 [I B.C.]) luxury Rv 18:14. In imagery (Jos., Ant. 4, 107 δέησις λ.; 8, 2 γῆρας λ.; sim. Cat. Cod. Astr. XII 176, 20 λ.γ.) εἰρήνη rich, fruitful peace 1 Cl 2:2.—DELG s.v. λίπα. -
51 μαθητεύω
μαθητεύω (s. μαθητής) 1 aor. ἐμαθήτευσα, pass. ἐμαθητεύθην.① to be a pupil, with implication of being an adherent of the teacherⓐ intr., be or become a pupil or disciple (Plut., Mor. 832b; 837c; Ps.-Callisth. 2, 4, 4 τινί; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 23, 104 μ. τῷ Πυθαγόρᾳ; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. Proleg. A a) τινί (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 9, 60) of someone (Ἰωσὴφ) ἐμαθήτευσεν τῷ Ἰησοῦ Joseph had become a disciple of Jesus Mt 27:57 v.l. Likew. asⓑ pass. dep. (Just., A I, 15, 6; Hippol., Ref. 1, 2, 16) μαθητεύομαι become a disciple τινί: (Ἰ.) ἐμαθητεύθη τῷ Ἰησοῦ Mt 27:57. γραμματεὺς μαθητευθεὶς τῇ βασιλείᾳ τ. οὐρανῶν a scribe who has become a disciple of the kgdm. of heaven or who has been trained for the kgdm. Mt 13:52 (γραμματεύς 2b). Abs. IEph 3:1. μᾶλλον μαθητεύομαι I am becoming a disciple more and more IRo 5:1. This gave rise to a new active form (B-D-F §148, 3; Rob. 800)② to cause one to be a pupil, teach, trans. (AscIs 3:18 καὶ μαθητεύσουσιν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη καὶ πᾶσαν γλῶσσαν εἰς τὴν ἀν[ά]στασιν τοῦ ἀγαπ[η]τοῦ; Just., D. 53, 1 Χριστὸς … ἐμαθήτευσεν αὐτούς) make a disciple of, teach τινά someone Mt 28:19. ἱκανούς make a number of disciples Ac 14:21. Abs. ἃ μαθητεύοντες ἐντέλλεσθε what you command when you are instructing or winning disciples IRo 3:1.—ὑμῖν μαθητευθῆναι become your disciples, be instructed by you IEph 10:1 (cp. pres. subst. ptc. οἱ μαθητευόμενοι = οἱ μαθηταί Did., Gen. 69, 24; 245, 17; aor. ptc. αἱ δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ Χριστῷ μαθητευθεῖσαι ἐκκλησίαι Orig., C. Cels. 3, 29, 24; Πολύκαρπος … ὑπὸ ἀποστόλων μαθητευθείς Iren. 3, 3, 4 [Harv. II 12, 4]).—DELG s.v. μανθάνω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
52 μανθάνω
μανθάνω fut. μαθήσομαι LXX; 2 aor. ἔμαθον; impv. pl. μάθετε, ptc. μαθών; perf. 3 sg. μεμάθηκεν Jer 9:4, ptc. pl. μεμαθηκότες Jer 13:23; inf. μεμαθηκέναι Ps 118:7 (Hom.+)① to gain knowledge or skill by instruction, learn abs. 1 Cor 14:31; 1 Ti 2:11; 2 Ti 3:7. παρά τινος learn from someone as teacher (X., Cyr. 2, 2, 6; Appian, Iber. 23 §89 παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ μ.; Sextus 353 μ. παρὰ θεοῦ; Philo, Deus Imm. 4; Just., D. 32, 5; 78, 1; Ath. 7:2) vs. 14b; be someone’s disciple (μαθητής) EpilMosq 2. ἀπό τινος from someone (Theognis 1, 28f: Theognis teaches what ‘I myself as a παῖς ἔμαθον ἀπὸ τῶν ἀγαθῶν’; 1, 35; Jos., Ant. 8, 317) Mt 11:29; Col 1:7. W. acc. of the thing learned τὶ someth. 1 Cor 14:35. ταῦτα AcPl Ha 1, 26. πάντα Hs 9, 1, 3 v.l. Teaching Ro 16:17. τὴν θεοσέβειαν τ. Χριστιανῶν Dg 1; cp. 11:2. τὰ δικαιώματα τ. κυρίου the ordinances of the Lord 21:1. τὸν Χριστόν=Christian teaching Eph 4:20 (Chion, Ep. 16, 8 θεὸν ἔμαθες=you have learned to know God; Tat. 2:2 ἕνα τὸν ἀπλανῆ δεσπότην μεμαθήκαμεν). W. attraction of a relative μένε ἐν οἷς (=ἐν τούτοις ἃ) ἔμαθες stick to what you have learned 2 Ti 3:14a. W. obj. to be supplied fr. the context (γράμματα) J 7:15 (Goodsp., Probs. 102–4). μ. τι ἀπό τινος learn someth. from someone 9:9. μ. περὶ πάντων receive instruction concerning all things vs. 7 (περί τινος as Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 42; Just., D. 87, 1; Ath. 7, 2). μ. τι ἔν τινι learn fr. someone’s example 1 Cor 4:6 (B-D-F §220, 2; Rob. 587).—μ. τι ἀπό τινος learn someth. fr. someth.: ἀπὸ τ. συκῆς μάθετε τ. παραβολήν Mt 24:32; Mk 13:28.—W. ὅτι foll. (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 51) 9:8. W. inf. foll. (Aristoxenus, Fgm. 96 αὐλεῖν) 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:17); 57:2. W. indirect question foll. (Just., A I, 40, 5 and D. 32, 2 al.; Mel., P. 46, 328) 1 Cl 21:8. τί ἐστιν what this means Mt 9:13. W. the question preceding (Just., A I, 56, 1) B 5:5; 6:9; 14:4; 16:2, 7; Dg 4:6. Used w. other verbs: ἀκούειν κ. μ. (Pla., Ap. 33b, 7, Ep. 344d; Theocr. 5, 39; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 33 D. p. 40; cp. Polyb. 3, 32, 9 ὅσῳ διαφέρει τὸ μαθεῖν τοῦ μόνον ἀκούειν, τοσούτῳ …) J 6:45. μ. καὶ παραλαμβάνειν Phil 4:9. οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο μαθεῖν τ. ᾠδήν no one was able to learn the song (so e.g. Bousset; Allo; REB; NRSV) Rv 14:3; others prefer the related sense understand (as Lysias 10, 15; Pla., Meno 84d, Tht. 174b, Euthyd. 277e); for mng. hear, s. 4 below.② make the acquaintance of someth., learnⓐ learn about, come to know τὸν τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ λόγον Christian teaching MPol 10:1. τὶ παρά τινος someth. fr. someone (Sir 8:8f; EpArist 198; Philo, Fuga 8, Leg. All. 3, 194; Jos., Vi. 62; Just., D. 2, 2; 78, 10; Tat. 36, 2) Dg 4:1; Papias (2:3). Take note τὶ of someth. MPol 20:1.ⓑ find out, ascertain (Trag., X.; PRyl 77, 42; POxy 1067, 6; 1671, 20; LXX) τὶ ἀπό τινος find someth. out fr. someone Gal 3:2. W. ὅτι foll. (Arrian, Anab. 2, 5, 7; Esth 1:1n; Jos., Ant. 12, 208) Ac 23:27. Abs. 16:8.③ to come to a realization, with implication of taking place less through instruction than through experience or practice, learn, appropriate to oneself: ἔμαθεν ἀφʼ ὧν ἔπαθεν τὴν ὑπακοήν he learned obedience through what he suffered = he realized obedience through suffering Hb 5:8 (for the consonance cp. Aeschyl., Agam. 177 τῷ πάθει μάθος; Hdt. 1, 207, 1 τὰ δέ μοι παθήματα … μαθήματα; schol. on Pla. 222b ἐὰν μὴ πάθῃς, οὐ μὴ μάθῃς; Philo, Fuga 138 ἔμαθον μὲν ὸ̔ ἔπαθον. Further exx. in HWindisch ad loc. and CSpicq, RB 56, ’49, 551.—A similar play on words in Theognis 369f μωμεῖσθαι … μιμεῖσθαι=[they can] find fault [with me, but not] do as I do]).—W. inf. foll. (X., Cyr. 1, 6, 6; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 14, 2; Dt 14:23; Is 2:4; Just., D 15, 1; Ath. 1, 4) τ. ἴδιον οἶκον εὐσεβεῖν 1 Ti 5:4; cp. Tit 3:14. μ. κατὰ Χριστιανισμὸν ζῆν IMg 10:1, cp. IRo 4:3. ἔμαθον ἐν οἷς εἰμὶ αὐτάρκης εἶναι I have learned, in whatever state I am, to be content (s. αὐτάρκης) Phil 4:11. ἀργαὶ μανθάνουσιν περιερχόμεναι τὰς οἰκίας 1 Ti 5:13 presents many difficulties fr. a linguistic point of view. Perh. εἶναι or ζῆν is to be inserted after ἀργαί (X., An. 3, 2, 25 ἂν ἅπαξ μάθωμεν ἀργοὶ ζῆν; so B-D-F §416, 2; Mlt. 229; Dibelius, Hdb./Hermeneia ad loc.). Others substitute λανθάνουσιν by conjecture (e.g. PSchmiedel, ThBl 1, 1922, 222, Zürcher Bibelübers. ’31, appendix to NT, note 12).④ hear οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο μαθεῖν τ. ᾠδήν Rv 14:3 according to some this means no one was able to hear the song (Boll 18ff; Lohmeyer; Behm). But s. 1 end.—B. 1222. M-M. TW. Sv. -
53 μεγαλοπρέπεια
μεγαλοπρέπεια, ας, ἡ (s. μέγας, πρέπω and next entry; Hom. et al.; SIG 695, 14; pap [as honorary title]; LXX [only Ps, but not rare there]) majesty, sublimity, of God, with implication that the awesome regard in which God is held derives from awesome performance, w. ἰσχύς 1 Cl 60:1.Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > μεγαλοπρέπεια
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54 οἶνος
οἶνος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+)① a beverage made from fermented juice of the grape, wine; the word for ‘must’, or unfermented grape juice, is τρύξ (Anacr. et al.; pap); lit. J 2:3, 9f (on abundance of wine in the anticipated future s. Jo 2:19, 24; Am 8:13–15; En 10:19. HWindisch, Die joh. Weinregel: ZNW 14, 1913, 248–57. Further material on the marriage at Cana Hdb.3 ’33, exc. after 2:12. S. also HNoetzel, Christus u. Dionysos ’60); 4:46. οἶνος (v.l. ὄξο) μετὰ χολῆς μεμιγμένος wine mixed with gall Mt 27:34 (s. χολή 1). ὄξος καὶ οἶν. μεμιγμένα ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό vinegar and wine mixed together Hm 10, 3, 3. ἐσμυρνισμένος οἶν. wine mixed with myrrh Mk 15:23. W. ἔλαιον D 13:6; used medicinally (Theophr., HP 9, 12; Diosc., Mat. Med. 5, 9) Lk 10:34; stored in a cellar Hm 11:15. W. other natural products Rv 18:13. John the Baptist abstains fr. wine and other alcoholic drink (cp. Num 6:3; Judg 13:14; 1 Km 1:11) Lk 1:15; to denote the extraordinary degree of his abstinence it is said of him μὴ ἐσθίων ἄρτον μήτε πίνων οἶνον 7:33 (Diod S 1, 72, 2 the Egyptians in mourning for their kings abstain from wheat bread [πυρός] and from wine). Abstinence fr. wine and meat for the sake of ‘weak’ Christians Ro 14:21 (Ltzm., Hdb. exc. before Ro 14. Lit. on ἀσθενής 2c and λάχανον). ἡ ἡδονὴ τοῦ οἴνου the flavor of the wine Hm 12, 5, 3. οἶν. νέος new wine (s. νέος 1a) Mt 9:17 (WNagel, VigChr 14, ’60, 1–8: [GTh]); Mk 2:22; Lk 5:37f.—μεθύσκεσθαι οἴνῳ get drunk with wine Eph 5:18 (on bad effects of wine on the mind as viewed by early Gk. poets, s. SDarcusSullivan, L’AntCl 65, ’96, 31–51, esp. 47–49). οἶνος πολύς (Ps.-Anacharsis, Ep. 3 p. 103 H.): οἴνῳ πολλῷ προσέχειν be addicted to much wine 1 Ti 3:8. οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένη enslaved to drink Tit 2:3 (cp. the stereotyped ‘anus’ in Lat. lit. VRosivach, Classical World 88, ’94, 113f). οἴνῳ ὀλίγῳ χρῆσθαι take a little wine 1 Ti 5:23 (perh. w. implication of contrast to a ὑδροπότης: s. ὑδροποτέω; the moderate use of wine is recommended fr. the time of Theognis [509f]; Plut., Mor. 353b of οἶνος: χρῶνται μέν, ὀλίγῳ δέ; Ps.-Plut., Hom. 206; Crates, Ep. 10).—KKircher, D. sakrale Bed. des Weines im Altertum 1910; VZapletal, D. Wein in d. Bibel 1920; JDöller, Der Wein in Bibel u. Talmud: Biblica 4, 1923, 143–67, 267–99; JBoehmer, D. NT u. d. Alkohol: Studierstube 22, 1926, 322–64; EZurhellen-Pfleiderer, D. Alkoholfrage im NT 1927; IRaymond, The Teaching of the Early Church on the Use of Wine, etc. 1927. S. also ἄμπελος a and ἄρτος 1c.② punishments that God inflicts on the wicked, wine fig. ext. of 1, in apocalyptic symbolism, to ‘drink’ as wine: ὁ οἶνος τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ the wine of God’s wrath Rv 14:10. Also ὁ οἶν. τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ θεοῦ 19:15; cp. 16:19. Of Babylon the prostitute ὁ οἶνος τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς 14:8; 18:3. Cp. θυμός on all these passages. οἶν. τῆς πορνείας 17:2.③ the plant that makes the production of wine possible, vine or vineyard, eventually the product wine, effect for cause: Rv 6:6; s. ἔλαιον 2. The preservation of olive orchards and vineyards is a striking exhibition of divine mercy, given the social context in which consumption of wine and olives and use of olive oil played a significant role.—RHalberstsma, Wine in Classical Antiquity: Minerva 7/1 Jan/Feb ’96, 14–18; NPurcell, Wine and Wealth in Ancient Italy: JRS 75, ’85, 1–19.—B. 390. DELG. M-M. TW. -
55 πιστεύω
πιστεύω (Trag.+) impf. ἐπίστευον; 1 aor. ἐπίστευσα; pf. πεπίστευκα; plpf. πεπιστεύκειν Ac 14:23 (on the omission of the augment s. B-D-F §66, 1; Mlt-H. 190). Pass.: fut. 3 pl. πιστευθήσονται Gen 42, 20; 1 aor. ἐπιστεύθην; pf. πεπίστευμαι (the word does not occur in Phlm, 2 Pt, 2 and 3J, Rv, MPol, or D. But it is a special favorite of J and 1J, where it is found 96 times and 9 times respectively; πίστις is not found in the gospel at all, and occurs in 1J only once, 5:4. Our lit. uses it quite predominantly in a transcendent sense, or at least w. transcendent coloring).① to consider someth. to be true and therefore worthy of one’s trust, believeⓐ believe (in) someth., be convinced of someth., w. that which one believes (in) indicatedα. by acc. of thing (Soph., Oed. Rex 646 τάδε; Aristot., Analyt. Pr. 2, 23, 68b, 13 ἅπαντα; PSI 494, 14 μηθέν; UPZ 70, 29 [152/151 B.C.] π. τὰ ἐνύπνια; ApcEsdr 7:12 p. 32, 26 τὸ βιβλίον τοῦτο) ἡ ἀγάπη πάντα πιστεύει 1 Cor 13:7. πεπιστεύκαμεν τὴν ἀγάπην we believe in the love 1J 4:16. πιστεύεις τοῦτο; J 11:26b. Cp. Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5). Pass. ἐπιστεύθη τὸ μαρτύριον ἡμῶν our testimony was believed 2 Th 1:10b (cp. Aristot., EN 10, 2 p. 1172b, 15 ἐπιστεύοντο οἱ λόγοι; Gen 42:20).β. by means of a ὅτι-clause believe that (Plut., Mor. 210d; Aelian, VH 1, 16 p. 8, 9; Herm. Wr. 4, 4: Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 24; PLond III, 897, 12 p. 207 [I A.D.]; Tob 10:8 S; Job 9:16; 15:31; 39:12; La 4:12; 4 Macc 7:19; TestAbr A 18 p. 100, 18 [Stone p. 48]; ParJer 6:7; Just., A I, 18, 2 al.; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 89, 16) μακαρία ἡ πιστεύσασα ὅτι ἔσται τελείωσις Lk 1:45 (ὅτι here may=for: s. ὅτι 4b).—Mk 11:23; cp. vs. 24; J 8:24 (ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι as Is 43:10); 11:27, 42; 13:19; 14:10; 16:27, 30; 17:8, 21; 20:31a; Ac 9:26; Ro 6:8; 10:9; 1 Th 4:14; Hb 11:6; Js 2:19a; 1J 5:1, 5; Hv 3, 8, 4; 4, 2, 4; m 1:1; 6, 2, 10b; Hs 2:5.—[ὅτι εἷς θεός] καὶ εἷς χριστός AcPl Ha 1, 17; AcPlCor 1:8. π. περί τινος ὅτι believe concerning someone that J 9:18 (M. Ant. 1, 15, 5 πιστεύειν περὶ ὧν λέγοι ὅτι οὕτως φρονεῖ=believe concerning whatever he might say, that it was what he actually thought; Just., D. 10, 1 π. ἡμῶν• ὅτι ἐσθίομεν ἀνθρώπους.—π. περί τινος as Plut., Lyc. 19, 4; Jos., Ant. 14, 267).γ. by the acc. and inf. (pres. Pla., Gorg. 524a; PTebt 314, 3 [II A.D.]; 4 Macc 5:25; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 160; Just., A I, 8, 2 al.; Ath. 20, 3) πιστεύω τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ εἶναι τὸν Ἰησοῦν Ac 8:37b.—GMary 463, 8.—IRo 10:2.—By the inf. (Thu 2, 22, 1; Job 15:22; AscIs 2:10 εἰς οὐρανὸν ἀναβῆναι) πιστεύομεν σωθῆναι Ac 15:11 (difft. JNolland, NTS 27, ’80, 112f [inf. of result: ‘we believe (in order) to be saved’]).—By the acc. and ptc. ἐν σαρκὶ αὐτὸν πιστεύω ὄντα I believe that he was in the flesh ISm 3:1.δ. by means of the dat. of thing give credence to, believe (Aeschyl., Pers. 786 θεῶν θεσφάτοισιν; Soph., Phil. 1374 τοῖς ἐμοῖς λόγοις, El. 886; Pla., Phd. 88c, Leg. 7, 798d; Polyb. 5, 42, 9; 9, 33, 1; Herodian 7, 5, 5 ἐλπίδι κρείττονι; BGU 674, 6 τῷ λόγῳ; 2 Ch 9:6 τοῖς λόγοις; Ps 105:24; Pr 14:15; Sir 19:15; En 104:13 ταῖς βίβλοις; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 229 τοῖς κενοῖς λογισμοῖς, Virt. 68 the sayings of God; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 286, Ant. 10, 39 τ. λόγοις; Tat. 18, 2 ὕλης οἰκονομία; Ath. 30, 2 ταῖς γοναῖς τοῦ Διό; Iren. 1, 10, 2 [Harv. I 92, 4] ἡ ἐκκλησία … π. τούτοις [sc. κήρυγμα and πίστις]) οὐκ ἐπίστευσας τοῖς λόγοις μου Lk 1:20 (cp. Iambl., ViPyth. 28, 148 περὶ θεῶν μηδὲν θαυμαστὸν ἀπιστεῖν ‘concerning the gods nothing is so marvelous that it should occasion unbelief’). τῇ γραφῇ καὶ τῷ λόγῳ J 2:22. Cp. 4:50; 5:47ab. τοῖς γεγραμμένοις Ac 24:14 (Diod S 16, 52, 7 πιστεύσαντες τοῖς γεγραμμένοις). τῇ ἐπαγγελίᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Cl 11:1 (Diod S 1, 53, 10 τῇ τοῦ προρρήσει πιστεύειν; 19, 90, 3). τῷ ψεύδει, τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 2 Th 2:11, 12. τῇ καταλαλιᾷ Hm 2:2. τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν (Is 53:1; cp. Jos., C. Ap. 2, 14 π. ἀκοῇ πρεσβυτέρων) J 12:38; Ro 10:16; 1 Cl 16:3. τοῖς ἔργοις J 10:38b (=their testimony); Hm 6, 2, 10a (that they are good and must be followed).—Pass. ἐπιστεύθη τῷ λόγῳ μου they believed my word Hm 3:3.ε. w. prepositional expressions: εἰς Ro 4:18, if εἰς τὸ γενέσθαι αὐτόν here is dependent on ἐπίστευσεν. πιστεύειν εἰς τὴν μαρτυρίαν believe in the witness 1J 5:10c. ὁ Χριστιανισμὸς οὐκ εἰς Ἰουδαϊσμὸν ἐπίστευσεν the Christian way of life/Christianity did not commit itself to the Judean way/Judaism (s. Hdb. ad loc.) I Mg 10:3a; cp. b (Χριστιανισμόν, εἰς ὸ̔ν πᾶσα γλῶσσα πιστεύσασα). On πιστεύειν εἰς τὸ ὄνομά τινος s. 2aβ below. πιστεύετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ believe in the gospel (so Ps 105:12 ἐπίστευσαν ἐν τοῖς λόγοις αὐτοῦ. Rather in the sense ‘put one’s trust in’ Sir 32:21 μὴ πιστεύσῃς ἐν ὁδῷ ἀπροσκόπῳ. See B-D-F §187, 6; Rob. 540. ALoisy, Les Évangiles synopt. I 1907, 430; 434; comm.) Mk 1:15 (Hofmann understands it as ‘on the basis of’, Wohlenberg ‘bei’; Lohmeyer is undecided; Dssm. and Mlt. 67f ‘in the sphere of’; s. p. 235). ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ οὐ πιστεύω IPhld 8:2 (s. Bihlmeyer ad loc.).—ἐπί τινι: πιστεύειν ἐπὶ πᾶσιν οἷς ἐλάλησαν οἱ προφῆται Lk 24:25; Ro 9:33 (Is 28:16).ⓑ w. the pers. to whom one gives credence or whom one believes, in the dat. (Demosth. 18, 10; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 14 p. 1390a, 32; Polyb. 15, 26, 6 τοῖς εἰδόσι τὴν ἀλήθειαν; Herodian 2, 1, 10; PHib 72, 18; POxy 898, 29; PTebt 418, 15; Ex 4:1, 5; 3 Km 10:7; 2 Ch 32:15; Tob 2:14; Jer 47:14; JosAs 13:10; Philo, Praem. 49; Just., A I, 33, 5, D 7, 2 al.) τοῖς θεασαμένοις αὐτὸν ἐγηγερμένον οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν they did not believe those who saw him after he was raised from the dead Mk 16:14. Cp. Mt 21:25, 32abc; Mk 11:31; 16:13; Lk 20:5; J 5:46a; Ac 8:12; 26:27a (τ. προφήταις as Jos., Ant. 11, 96); 1J 4:1; Hm 6, 1, 2ab.—Also of Jesus and God whom one believes, in that one accepts their disclosures without doubt or contradiction: Jesus: Mt 27:42 v.l.; J 5:38, 46b; 6:30; 8:45, 46; 10:37, 38a. God: J 5:24; Ro 4:3 (Gen 15:6), 17 κατέναντι οὗ ἐπίστευσεν θεοῦ (= κατέναντι θεοῦ ᾧ ἐπίστευσεν); Gal 3:6; Js 2:23; 1 Cl 10:6 (all three Gen 15:6). ὁ μὴ πιστεύων τῷ θεῷ ψεύστην πεποίηκεν αὐτόν 1J 5:10b. AcPl Ha 3, 7.ⓒ w. pers. and thing added π. τινί τι believe someone with regard to someth. (X., Apol. 15 μηδὲ ταῦτα εἰκῇ πιστεύσητε τῷ θεῷ) Hm 6, 2, 6.—W. dat. of pers. and ὅτι foll. (ApcEsdr 4:35 p. 29, 12 Tdf.): πιστεύετέ μοι ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ πατρί J 14:11a. Cp. 4:21; Ac 27:25.ⓓ abs. (in which case the context supplies the obj., etc.; cp. ParJer 7:19 γέγονε δὲ τοῦτο, ἵνα πιστεύσωσιν) ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ• ἰδοὺ ὧδε ὁ Χριστός, μὴ πιστεύσητε do not believe (him or it [the statement]) Mt 24:23; cp. vs. 26; Mk 13:21; Lk 22:67; J 3:12ab; 10:25f; 12:47 v.l.; 14:29; 16:31; 19:35; 20:8, 25; cp. GJs 19:3. J 20:29ab πιστεύσαντες those who have nevertheless believed (it=the fact of the Resurrection); Ac 4:4; 26:27b; 1 Cor 11:18 πιστεύω I believe (it=that there are divisions among you); 15:11; Js 2:19b even the daemons believe this; Jd 5. Pass. καρδίᾳ πιστεύεται with (or in) the heart men believe (it=that Jesus was raised fr. the dead) Ro 10:10.ⓔ believe = let oneself be influenced κατά τινος against someone Pol 6:1.ⓕ πιστεύομαι I am believed, I enjoy confidence (X., An. 7, 6, 33; Diod S 5, 80, 4 τοῖς μάλιστα πιστευομένοις ἐπηκολουθήσαμεν; 17, 32, 1; 1 Km 27:12; Jos., Ant. 10, 114; PGM 12, 279 πιστευθήσῃ=you will be believed) of Eve παρθένος πιστεύεται people believe that she is a virgin Dg 12:8, or perh. a virgin is entrusted (to someone without fear). S. 3 below.② to entrust oneself to an entity in complete confidence, believe (in), trust, w. implication of total commitment to the one who is trusted. In our lit. God and Christ are objects of this type of faith that relies on their power and nearness to help, in addition to being convinced that their revelations or disclosures are true. The obj. isⓐ givenα. in the dat. (cp. Soph., Philoct. 1374 θεοῖς πιστ.; X., Mem. 1, 1, 5; Ps.-Pla., Epinom. 980c πιστεύσας τοῖς θεοῖς εὔχου; Ptolem. Lagi [300 B.C.]: 138 Fgm. 8 Jac.; Maximus Tyr. 3, 8k τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι; Epict., app. E, 10 p. 488 Sch. θεῷ; Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 18 πῶς Διονύσῳ πιστεύσω; how can I trust D.?; UPZ 144, 12 [164 B.C.] τ. θεοῖς; Jdth 14:10; Wsd 16:26; 4 Macc 7:21 al. in LXX; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 229 πιστεύειν θεῷ, Rer. Div. Her. 92 μόνῳ θεῷ, Op. M. 45, Sacr. Abel. 70 τῷ σωτήρι θεῷ, Abr. 269, Mos. 1, 225, Virt. 216 [on faith in Philo s. Bousset, Rel.3 446ff; EHatch, Essays in Biblical Gk. 1889, 83ff; ASchlatter, D. Glaube im NT4 1927; EBréhier, Les idées philosophiques et religieuses de Philon d’Alexandrie 1908, 21925; HWindisch, Die Frömmigkeit Philos 1909, 23ff; HWolfson, Philo ’47 I, 143–56, esp. II, 215–18; WPeisker, D. Glaubensbegriff bei Philon, diss. ’36]; Jos., Ant. 2, 117; 333; 3, 309; 20, 48, Bell. 3, 387 [s. ASchlatter, D. Theol. d. Judentums nach d. Bericht des Jos. ’32, 104ff]; Just., A I, 18, 6 al.). Some of the passages referred to in 1b above, end, are repeated, since they may be classified here or there w. equal justification. Of God: π. τῷ θεῷ (Orig., C. Cels. 4, 89, 15) Ac 16:34; 13:12 D; Tit 3:8; PtK 4 p. 16, 2; B 16:7; Hm 12, 6, 2; Hs 5, 1, 5. Cp. m 1:2; AcPl Ha 10, 13f. τῷ κυρίῳ (Sir 11:21; 2:8) Hv 4, 2, 6. οἱ πιστεύσαντες τῷ κυρίῳ διὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ Hs 9, 13, 5. τῷ θεῷ w. ὅτι foll. m 9:7; cp. Hs 1:7.—Of Christ: Mt 27:42 v.l. (for ἐπʼ αὐτόν); J 6:30 (σοί=vs. 29 εἰς ὸ̔ν ἀπέστειλεν ἐκεῖνος); J 8:31 (αὐτῷ=vs. 30 εἰς αὐτόν, but see Mlt. 67f; JSwetnam argues for a plpf. sense here: Biblica 61, ’80, 106–9); Ac 5:14; 18:8a (both τῷ κυρίῳ); Ro 10:14b (οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν = τούτῳ [about equivalent to εἰς τοῦτον; cp. vs. 14a] οὗ οὐκ ἤκ.); 2 Ti 1:12; ITr 9:2; Hs 8, 3, 2.—Pass. be believed in (X., Cyr. 4, 2, 8; 6, 1, 39; Pla., Lach. 181b; Ps.-Demosth. 58, 44 al.; 1 Km 27:12; Just., D. 7, 3; Tat. 10, 2. S. B-D-F §312, 1; also s. Rob. 815f) ἐπιστεύθη ἐν κόσμῳ 1 Ti 3:16.—π. τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ υἱοῦ believe in the name of the Son, i.e. believe in the Son and accept what his name proclaims him to be 1J 3:23.β. w. εἰς (cp. Hippol., Elench. 6, 19, 7 W. οἱ εἰς τὸν Σίμωνα καὶ τὴν Ἑλένην πεπιστευκότες; Just., D. 35, 8 al.) God (BGU 874, 11 π. εἰς τὸν θεόν): J 12:44b; 14:1a (cp. ET 21, 1910, 53–57; 68–70; 138f); 1 Pt 1:21 v.l.=Pol 2:1.—Christ: Mt 18:6; Mk 9:42; J 2:11; 3:15 v.l., 16, 18a, 36; 4:39; 6:29, 35, 40, 47 v.l.; 7:5, 31, 38f, 48; 8:30; 9:35f; 10:42; 11:25, 26a, 45, 48; 12:11, 36 (εἰς τὸ φῶς), 37, 42, 44a, 46; 14:1b, 12; 16:9; 17:20; Ac 10:43; 14:23; 18:8 D; 19:4; Ro 10:14a; Gal 2:16; Phil 1:29; 1 Pt 1:8; 1J 5:10a; AcPlCor 2:31; Hs 8, 3, 2.—εἰς τὸ ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ (or αὐτοῦ, etc.) J 1:12; 2:23; 3:18c; 1J 5:13 (s. ὄνομα 1dβ and s. 2aα above, end). π. εἰς τὸν θάνατον αὐτοῦ ITr 2:1. π. εἰς τὸ αἷμα Χριστοῦ ISm 6:1.γ. w. ἐπί and dat., of God Ac 11:17 D. Of Christ: Mt 27:42 v.l.; J 3:15 v.l.; Ro 9:33; 10:11; 1 Pt 2:6 (the last three Is 28:16); 1 Ti 1:16.δ. w. ἐπί and acc. (Wsd 12:2; Just., D. 46, 1 al.) of God: Ac 16:34 D; Ro 4:5, 24; PtK 3 p. 15, 12. Of Christ: Mt 27:42; J 3:15 v.l.; Ac 9:42; 11:17; 16:31; 22:19.ε. π. ἔν τινι believe in someone (Jer 12:6; Da 6:24 Theod.; Ps 77:22) is questionable in our lit.: in J 3:15 the best rdg. is ἐν αὐτῷ and is prob. to be construed w. ἔχῃ (in J πιστεύω usually takes the prep. εἰς when expressing the obj. of belief, as in 3:16); in Eph 1:13 both occurrences of ἐν ᾧ are prob. to be construed w. ἐσφραγίσθητε (=‘in connection with whom you have been sealed’ [cp. 4:30]); the acts of hearing and believing are coordinate, and πιστεύσαντες, along w. ἀκούσαντες, is used abs. (so REB; less clearly NRSV). But s. 1aε above: π. ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ Mk 1:15; IPhld 8:2.ⓑ not expressed at all (the abs. πιστεύειν in a transcendent sense: Aeschin., In Ctesiph. 1 ἐγὼ πεπιστευκὼς ἥκω πρῶτον τοῖς θεοῖς; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 17, 1391b, 1ff; Plut., Mor. 170f; Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 24 πιστεῦσαι δεῖ, ὅτι [=because] μόνη σωτηρία ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ἐπιστροφή; Herm. Wr. 9, 10ab ἐπίστευσε καὶ ἐν τῇ καλῇ πίστει ἐπανεπαύσατο; cp. 1, 32 πιστεύω καὶ μαρτυρῶ=PapBerl 9795 [RReitzenstein, Studien z. antiken Synkretismus 1926, p. 161, 2]; Num 20:12; Ps 115:1; Is 7:9; Sir 2:13; 1 Macc 2:59; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 14; 101, Deus Imm. 4, Mut. Nom. 178; τότε πιστεύσεις θέλων καὶ μὴ θέλων Theoph. Ant. 1, 8 [p. 74, 7]) Mk 15:32; 16:16f; Lk 8:12f; J 1:7, 50; 3:15, 18b; 4:41f, 48, 53; 5:44; 6:36, 47, 64ab, perh. 69 (MEnslin, The Perf. Tense in the Fourth Gosp.: JBL 55, ’36, 121–31, esp. 128); 9:38; 10:26; 11:15, 40; 12:39; 20:31b; Ac 4:4; 8:13, 37a; 11:21; 13:12, 39, 48; 14:1; 15:5, 7; 17:12, 34; 18:8b, 27; 19:2; 21:25; Ro 1:16; 3:22; 4:11; 10:4; 13:11; 15:13; 1 Cor 1:21; 3:5; 15:2; Gal 3:22; Eph 1:13, 19; 1 Th 2:10, 13; Hb 4:3; 1 Pt 2:7; 1 Cl 12:7; 2 Cl 17:3; 20:2; B 9:3; B 11:11; ISm 3:2; Hs 8, 10, 3; 9, 17, 4; 9, 22, 3. τὸ πιστεύειν faith IMg 9:2. ἐν ἀγάπῃ πιστεύειν IPhld 9:2 (ἐν ἀγάπῃ is here used adv.).—Participles in the var. tenses are also used almost subst.: (οἱ) πιστεύοντες (the) believers, (the) Christians (Orig., C. Cels. 1, 13, 34; Did., Gen. 106, 6) Ac 2:44; Ro 3:22; 1 Cor 14:22ab (opp. οἱ ἄπιστοι); 1 Th 1:7; Hs 8, 3, 3. (οἱ) πιστεύσαντες (those) who made their commitment = (those) who became believers, (the) Christians, Ac 2:44 v.l.; 4:32; 2 Th 1:10a; 2 Cl 2:3; Hs 9, 19, 1. οἱ πεπιστευκότες those who became (and remained) believers Ac 19:18; 21:20 (Just., D. 122, 2).—οἱ μέλλοντες πιστεύειν future believers 1 Cl 42:4; Hm 4, 3, 3a. οἱ νῦν πιστεύσαντες those who have just come to believe ibid. 4, 3, 3b.ⓒ A special kind of this faith is the confidence that God or Christ is in a position to help suppliants out of their distress, have confidence (some of the passages already mentioned might just as well be classified here) abs. ὡς ἐπίστευσας γενηθήτω σοι may it be done to you in accordance with the confidence you have Mt 8:13. ὅσα ἂν αἰτήσητε πιστεύοντες whatever you pray for with confidence 21:22. Cp. Mk 5:36; 9:23f; Lk 8:50; 2 Cor 4:13a (Ps 115:1), b. W. ὅτι foll.: πιστεύετε ὅτι δύναμαι τοῦτο ποιῆσαι; do you have confidence that I am able to do this? Mt 9:28.—Mk 11:23.③ entrust τινί τι someth. to someone (X., Mem. 4, 4, 17; Plut., Mor. 519e; Athen. 8, 341a; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 25, 1; SIG2 845, 7, see for numerous other examples index VI p. 384b. Cp. Wsd 14:5; 1 Macc 8:16; 4 Macc 4:7; TestJob 11:11; Jos., Bell. 4, 492; Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 6) τὸ ἀληθινὸν τίς ὑμῖν πιστεύσει; Lk 16:11. αὐτῷ τοσούτων πιστευο̣μ̣έ̣ν̣ω̣ν̣ since so many (or so much) were ( was) entrusted to him AcPl Ha 7, 21 (connection uncertain). αὐτόν (so N. and Tdf.; v.l. ἑαυτόν) τινι trust oneself to someone (Brutus, Ep. 25; Plut., Mor. 181d ἀνδρὶ μᾶλλον ἀγαθῷ πιστεύσας ἑαυτὸν ἢ ὀχυρῷ τόπῳ=entrusting himself to a good man rather than to a stronghold; EpArist 270; Jos., Ant. 12, 396) J 2:24 (EStauffer, CDodd Festschr., ’56, 281–99.—Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 39a οὐ τοῖς τυχοῦσι φίλοις ἑαυτὸν ἐπίστευσεν=he did not trust himself to casual friends).—Pass. πιστεύομαί τι (B-D-F §159, 4) I am entrusted with someth. (Pla., Ep. 1, 309a; Polyb. 8, 17, 5; 31, 26, 7; Diod S 20, 19, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 136 §568 ἃ ἐπιστεύθην; ins; pap [e.g. PLond I, 121, 608 p. 203]; Jos., Bell. 5, 567, Vi. 137; Ath. 24, 3. Cp. Esth 8:12e.—Dssm., LO 320f [LAE 379]). ἐπιστεύθησαν τὰ λόγια τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 3:2. πεπίστευμαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον Gal 2:7 (PGM 13, 140 ὁ ὑπό σου πάντα πιστευθείς; 446); cp. 1 Th 2:4; 1 Ti 1:11.—Tit 1:3. οἰκονομίαν πεπίστευμαι 1 Cor 9:17; cp. Dg 7:1. S. also 7:2; IMg 6:1; IPhld 9:1ab. πιστεύομαί τι παρά τινος I am entrusted by someone with someth. (Polyb. 3, 69, 1; Jos., Bell. 1, 667): οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον τοιοῦτο 1 Cl 43:1.④ be confident about, a unique use found in ὸ̔ς μὲν πιστεύει φαγεῖν πάντα, someth. like the one is confident about eating anything Ro 14:2 (a combination of two ideas: ‘the pers. is so strong in the faith’ and: ‘the pers. is convinced that it is permissible to eat anything’; in brief: not cultically fussy. See Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.; but also B-D-F §397, 2). Another probability is the sense⑤ think/consider (possible), in Ro 14:2 perh. holds everything possible; cp. J 9:18 οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν they refused to entertain the possibility, and Ac 9:26. S. 4 above.—For lit. s. πίστις, end. DELG s.v. πείθομαι. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
56 πονηρεύομαι
πονηρεύομαι mid. dep.; fut. πονηρεύσομαι; aor. ἐπονηρευσάμην LXX; pf. inf. πεπονηρεῦσθαι Ex 22:7, 10 (πονηρός; Heraclit. et al.; Demosth. 19, 32; Menand., Epitr. 133; Plut., Pomp. 640 [39, 5], Cic. 7, 4, Cato Maj. 9, 10; Ael. Aristid. 39 p. 745 D.; LXX; Test12Patr; JosAs; Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 11; 4, 76; Jos., Ant. 15, 348; Just.) gener. ‘be wicked, act wickedly’, with implication of being contrary to the interests of a well-ordered society (s. πόνηρος beg.) to be of wicked disposition or act in a wicked manner, do wrong, commit sin Hm 10, 3, 2ab. Opp. ἀγαθοποιεῖν Hs 9, 18, 1f. π. εἴς τινα act wickedly toward someone, do harm to someone m 4, 3, 4; 9:9; Hs 9, 22, 4. π. ἔν τινι (commit) sin with someth. (Mi 3:4): w. the tongue Hv 2, 2, 3. μηδὲν πονηρεύσῃ you must do no evil Hs 5, 1, 5. οἱ πονηρευόμενοι ποικίλαις πονηρίαις doers of various kinds of wickedness = sinners of every description 9, 18, 3.—The subst. ptc. in the pl. οἱ πονηρευόμενοι the evil-doers, the sinners (OGI 515, 58; LXX; Philo, Virt. 227) B 5:13; B 6:6 (cp. on both Ps 21:17).—DELG s.v. πένομαι. TW. -
57 ποῦ
ποῦ interrog. marker of place (Hom.+).① interrogative reference to place without suggestion of movement, where(?), at which place(?)ⓐ in direct questions Mt 2:2; 26:17; Mk 14:12, 14; Lk 17:17, 37; 22:9, 11; J 1:38; 7:11; 8:10, 19; 9:12; 11:34 al.; 1 Cor 1:20; IEph 18:1 (both Is 19:12); H 9, 11, 3; GJs 21:1, 2 (codd.); 23:1a, 2. In rhetorical questions that expect a neg. answer where is? (Il. 5, 171; Diod S 14, 67, 1 ποῦ … ; ποῦ … ; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 4, 4; TestJob 32:2ff; ApcEsdr 2:8 p. 28, 19 Tdf. al.; pap, LXX; Jos., Ant. 10, 156 al.; Ath., R. 21 p. 74, 16) Lk 8:25; Ro 3:27; 1 Cor 1:20abc (ποῦ in several direct questions consecutively as Libanius, Or. 61 p. 337, 18 F.); 12:17ab, 19; 15:55ab (Hos 13:14ab); Gal 4:15; 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); 2 Pt 3:4.ⓑ in indir. questions instead of ὅπου w. indic. foll. (En 12:1b; ParJer 7:14) Mt 2:4; Mk 15:47; J 1:39; 11:57; 20:2, 13, 15; Rv 2:13; 1 Cl 40:3; GJs 23:1. W. subj. foll.: οὐκ ἔχειν ποῦ (Epict. 2, 4, 7) have no place, have nowhere Mt 8:20; Lk 9:58; 12:17. ποῦ αὐτὸν ἀποκρύψῃ where (Elizabeth) could hide (John) GJs 22:3.② interrogative reference to place with implication of movement (for ποῖ [q.v.], which is not found in Bibl. Gk.) where(?), whither(?), to what place(?) (Antiphon 2, 4, 8; X., Cyr. 1, 2, 16; Epict. [index Sch.]; Vett. Val. 137, 35; 341, 6; Alciphron 4, 13, 2; Gen 16:8; Judg 19:17; Jdth 10:12; 1 Macc 3:50; En, JosAs, ParJer, ApcMos—Kühner-G. I 545, 4; B-D-F §103; Rob. 298; AMaidhof, Z. Begriffsbestimmung der Koine: Beiträge zur histor. Syntax der Griech. Sprache 20, 1912, 298ff).ⓐ in direct questions (Cebes 6, 2; 20, 1; En 102:1; JosAs 6:2f; GrBar 9:2) J 7:35; 13:36; 16:5 (cp. the amulet of a polytheist in ABarb, Der Österreich. Limes XVI 54f ποῦ ὑπάγεις; also Rtzst., ARW 24, 1926, 176–78); 1 Cl 28:2, 3 (Ps 138:7), 4. ποῦ σε ἀπάξω where should I bring you? GJs ποῦ πορεύῃ 19:1 (codd.).ⓑ in indir. questions (En 12:1a; ParJer 5:13; ApcMos 42) J 3:8; 8:14ab; 12:35; 14:5; Hb 11:8; 1J 2:11; IPhld 7:1; Hm 12, 5, 4.—DELG s.v. πο-. M-M. -
58 πρόγλωσσος
πρόγλωσσος, ον (Ptolem., Apotel. 3, 14, 31 Boll-B.; Ps.-Polemon Physiogn. 37 Förster et al.) pert. to ready use of the tongue, hasty of tongue, talkative (Pythag., Ep. 12, 2 of the ideal nurse, who is to set an example of composure by not being garrulous) B 19:8. As suggested by the clause that follows: παγὶς γὰρ τὸ στόμα θανάτου, perh. with implication of being gossipy. -
59 προσφωνέω
προσφωνέω impf. προσεφώνουν; 1 aor. προσεφώνησα; aor. pass. inf. προσεφωνηθῆναι 1 Esdr. 6:6 (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; EpArist 306; Joseph.).① to call out or speak to, call out, address (Hom. et al., as a rule w. acc. of pers.) w. dat. of pers. (Diod S 4, 48, 1; Diog. L. 7, 7; PPetr II, 38b, 3 [242 B.C.]; PTebt 27, 109; Mitt-Wilck I/2, 27 verso, 15.—Cp. Eus., HE 4, 3 [introd. to Qua.]) Mt 11:16; Lk 7:32; 23:20. τῇ Ἑβραί̈δι διαλέκτῳ προσεφώνει αὐτοῖς Ac 22:2; without dat. of pers., 21:40; 22:2 D. Likew. abs. Lk 23:20 v.l.② to call to oneself, call to, summon, with implication of shared interests τινά someone (Jos., Ant. 7, 156) Lk 6:13 (D ἐφώνησεν); 13:12; Ac 11:2 D.—DELG s.v. φωνή. M-M. -
60 σοφίζω
σοφίζω (σοφός) impf. ἐσόφιζον; 1 aor. ἐσόφισα. Pass.: 1 fut. σοφισθήσομαι LXX; 1 aor. ἐσοφίσθην LXX; pf. ptc. pl. σεσοφισμένοι LXX① to cause a pers. to develop understanding to a relatively sophisticated degree, make wise, teach, instruct (pass. in Hes., also Diog. L. 5, 90 ironically; POxy 1790, 23 [I B.C.]; Just., D. 32, 5; act.: Ps 18:8; 104:22; TestSol)ⓐ act., in a good sense (as also in the pass. cited above) τινά someone 2 Ti 3:15; ISm 1:1. τινὰ ἔν τινι make someone wise in or for someth. B 5:3 (cp. the pass. w. ἔν τινι Sir 38:31).ⓑ act., in a pejorative sense (so the mid. elsewh.: Philo, Mut. Nom. 240; Jos., Bell. 4, 103) ἄγγελο πονηρὸ ἐσόφιζεν αὐτού a wicked messenger (angel) beguiled them B 9:4.② to be skilled in formulating or creating someth. in an artful manner, freq. w. implication of self-serving cleverness, reason out, concoct ingeniously/slyly or devise craftily (cp. 1b), mid. (Hdt., X. et al.; PSI 452, 11; Jos., Bell. 3, 222), as it seems, Ox 840, 1f π̣ά̣ν̣τ̣α̣ σ̣ο̣φί̣ζεται reasons it all out quite subtly. Pass. (Soph., Phil. 77; Demosth. 29, 28) σεσοφισμένοι μῦθοι 2 Pt 1:16.—DELG s.v. σοφό. M-M. TW.
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См. также в других словарях:
implication — Implication … Thresor de la langue françoyse
implication — [ ɛ̃plikasjɔ̃ ] n. f. • XVe « fait d être embrouillé »; lat. implicatio 1 ♦ (1611) Dr. Action d impliquer (qqn) dans une affaire criminelle. 2 ♦ Log. Relation logique consistant en ce qu une chose en implique une autre (si A, alors B). Log., math … Encyclopédie Universelle
implication — im·pli·ca·tion /ˌim plə kā shən/ n 1: the act of implicating: the state of being implicated 2: the act of implying: the state of being implied 3: something implied Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996 … Law dictionary
Implication — Im pli*ca tion, n. [L. implicatio: cf. F. implication.] 1. The act of implicating, or the state of being implicated. [1913 Webster] Three principal causes of firmness are. the grossness, the quiet contact, and the implication of component parts.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
implication — implication, inference are often interchangeable, but they may be distinguished when they specifically refer to something that is hinted at but not explicitly stated. Implication applies to what is hinted, whether the writer or speaker is aware… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
Implication — can refer to:* Logic: ** Logical implication as regarded in mathematical logic. ** Material conditional as regarded in philosophical logic.:* Entailment (pragmatics):Also, in linguistics, there are different specialized related notions::*… … Wikipedia
implication — Implication. s. f. v. Engagement dans une affaire criminelle. On le vouloit impliquer dans le crime, & par cette implication le rendre incapable de tenir Office ny Benefice … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Implication — Implication, lat. deutsch, Verwickelung; impliciren, verwickeln; einschließen; implicite, lat., eingeschlossen; mitbegriffen … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Implication — [engl.], Implikation … Universal-Lexikon
implication — (n.) early 15c., action of entangling, from L. implicationem (nom. implicatio) interweaving, entanglement, from pp. stem of implicare involve, entangle, connect closely, from assimilated form of in into, in, on, upon (see IN (Cf. in ) (2)) +… … Etymology dictionary
implication — [n] association, suggestion assumption, conclusion, connection, connotation, entanglement, guess, hint, hypothesis, incrimination, indication, inference, innuendo, intimation, involvement, link, meaning, overtone, presumption, ramification,… … New thesaurus
