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implement+rules

Толкование Перевод

1 implement rules

Военный термин: внедрить нормы, внедрять нормы

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > implement rules
2 implement rules

внедрять нормы

English-Russian military dictionary > implement rules
3 implement rules

внедрять нормы

English-Russian dictionary of terms that are used in computer games > implement rules
4 rules and norms

правила и нормы

international legal norms — международно-правовые нормы

updated norms — прогрессивные нормы

implementing norms — внедрение норм

implemented norms — внедрил нормы

implement norms — внедрять нормы

English-Russian big medical dictionary > rules and norms
5 внедрить нормы

Military: implement norms, implement regulations, implement rules, implement standards

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > внедрить нормы
6 внедрять нормы

Military: implement norms, implement regulations, implement rules, implement standards

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > внедрять нормы
7 appliquer

appliquer [aplike]

➭ TABLE 1

1. transitive verb

   a. ( = poser) [+ peinture, revêtement, cataplasme] to apply ( sur to)

• appliquer une échelle sur or contre un mur to lean a ladder against a wall

   b. ( = mettre en pratique) to apply ; [+ règlement, décision] to implement ; [+ peine, loi] to enforce ; [+ remède] to administer ; [+ recette] to use

2. reflexive verb

► s'appliquer

   a. ( = correspondre)

s'appliquer à to apply to

   b. ( = s'acharner) s'appliquer à faire qch to make every effort to do sth

• applique-toi ! make an effort!

* * *
aplike
1.

verbe transitif

1) ( mettre) to apply [vernis, fond de teint, compresse] ( sur to); to put [cachet] ( sur on)

2) (colloq) ( donner) to give [baiser, sobriquet] ( à quelqu'un to somebody)

3) ( mettre en œuvre) to implement; [politique, ordres]; to apply [loi]

appliquer une peine à quelqu'un — to administer a sentence on somebody

4) ( respecter) to abide by [règlement]; to follow [quotas]

5) ( utiliser) to apply [technique] (à to)

2.

s'appliquer verbe pronominal

1) ( avec soin) to take great care ( à faire to do)

elle ne s'applique pas — she doesn't take much care

s'appliquer à écrire lisiblement — to take care to write legibly

2) ( concerner)

s'appliquer à quelque chose/quelqu'un — to apply to something/somebody

* * *
aplike vt
1) [lotion, crème] to apply

appliquer qch sur — to apply sth to

2) [invention, méthode] to apply

appliquer qch à — to apply sth to

3) [décision, mesure] to implement, [loi] to enforce

appliquer la loi — to enforce the law

4) [châtiment] to give

* * *

appliquer verb table: aimer

A vtr

1 ( enduire de) to apply [vernis, fond de teint] (sur to);

2 ( poser) to apply [compresse, feuille d'or] (sur to); to put [cachet, tampon] (sur on); appliquer son nez contre une vitre to press one's nose against a window;

3 ○( donner) to give [coup, baiser, sobriquet] (à qn to sb);

4 ( mettre en œuvre) to implement [politique, ordres, décision];

5 ( respecter) to apply [loi, règlement]; to follow [quotas]; ( faire subir) appliquer une peine à qn to administer a sentence on sb;

6 ( utiliser) to apply [technique, raisonnement, traitement] (à to); appliquer ses talents/son intelligence à qch to apply one's talents/one's intelligence to sth;

7 ( en géométrie) to apply.

B s'appliquer vpr

1 ( faire avec soin) to take great care (à faire to do); elle ne s'applique pas [élève] she doesn't take much care, she doesn't apply herself; s'appliquer à écrire lisiblement to take care to write legibly;

2 ( concerner) s'appliquer à qch/qn [loi, taux, remarque] to apply to sth/sb;

3 [vernis, fond de teint] to be applied.

[aplike] verbe transitif

1. [poser - masque, crème, ventouse] to apply ; [ - enduit] to apply, to lay on (separable)

appliquer son oreille contre la porte to put one's ear to the door

2. [mettre en pratique - décret] to enforce, to apply ; [ - peine] to enforce ; [ - idée, réforme] to put into practice, to implement ; [ - recette, méthode] to use ; [ - théorie, invention] to apply, to put into practice

je ne fais qu'appliquer la consigne! I don't make the rules, I'm just following orders!

vous devez faire appliquer le règlement you must make sure the rules are applied

3. [donner - sobriquet, gifle] to give ; [ - baiser] to plant

un coup de pied bien appliqué a powerful kick

4. [consacrer]

appliquer quelque chose à to devote something to

appliquer toute son énergie à son travail to devote all one's energy to one's work

————————

s'appliquer verbe pronominal (emploi passif)

1. [se poser]

s'appliquer sur

a. [suj: objet] to be laid ou to fit over

b. [suj: enduit] to go over, to be applied on

‘s'applique sur toutes sortes de surfaces’ ‘may be applied on many different surfaces’

2. [être utilisé] to apply

cela ne s'applique pas dans notre cas it doesn't apply in ou it's not applicable to our case

————————

s'appliquer verbe pronominal intransitif

1. [être attentif - élève, apprenti] to take care (over one's work), to apply oneself (to one's work)

2. [s'acharner]

s'appliquer à faire to try to do

je me suis appliqué à faire ce qu'on attendait de moi I took pains to do what was expected of me

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > appliquer
8 implementar

v.

1 to implement.

Ricardo implementó las reglas Richard implemented the rules.

2 to harness.

Tito implementó controles de seguridad Tito harnessed security measures.

* * *

1.

VT to implement

2.

VI to help, give aid

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <medidas/plan> to implement

2) (Ven) ( instalar) to install*, set up

* * *

= implement, put into + place, deploy.

Ex. Without AACR is doubtful whether computerised cataloguing would have been implemented so relatively painlessly and successfully = Sin las RCAA es dudoso que la catalogación automatizada se hubiera implementado tan fácilmente y con tanto éxito, relativamente hablando.

Ex. Garvey suggests that the list of references is a key part of any scientific paper, since they help to put the research described into its proper place in the development of the scientific consensus.

Ex. The article presents the results of trials in which the model was deployed to classify aspects of the construction industry, such as construction norms and regulations.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <medidas/plan> to implement

2) (Ven) ( instalar) to install*, set up

* * *

= implement, put into + place, deploy.

Ex: Without AACR is doubtful whether computerised cataloguing would have been implemented so relatively painlessly and successfully = Sin las RCAA es dudoso que la catalogación automatizada se hubiera implementado tan fácilmente y con tanto éxito, relativamente hablando.

Ex: Garvey suggests that the list of references is a key part of any scientific paper, since they help to put the research described into its proper place in the development of the scientific consensus.

Ex: The article presents the results of trials in which the model was deployed to classify aspects of the construction industry, such as construction norms and regulations.

* * *

implementar [A1 ]

vt

A ‹medidas/plan› to implement

B ( Ven) (instalar) to install*, set up

* * *

implementar ( conjugate implementar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹medidas/plan› to implement
2 (Ven) ( instalar) to install^{( conjugate install)}, set up
' implementar' also found in these entries:
English:
implement
- propose

* * *

implementar vt

to implement

* * *

implementar

v/t implement

* * *

implementar vt

: to implement

♦ See also the reflexive verb implementarse

Spanish-English dictionary > implementar
9 rule

1. n
1) правило; устав; норма; право

2) власть; владычество; господство; правление; управление

•

to abolish rule — ликвидировать господство

to accept rules — одобрять / признавать правила

to achieve majority rule — добиваться правления большинства

to adhere to a rule — придерживаться правила, соблюдать правило

to adopt a rule — принимать правило

to apply rules to smb / smth — применять правила к кому-л. / чему-л.

to be subject to / to be under foreign rule — находиться под иностранным владычеством

to breach / to break a rule — нарушать правило

to bring in a rule — вводить правило

to bring in majority rule — вводить правление большинства

to circumvent a rule — обходить правило

to comply with / to conform to a rule — придерживаться правила, соблюдать правило

to construe a rule — толковать правило

to contravene a rule — противоречить правилу

to determine a rule — определять правило

to draw up rules — разрабатывать правила

to eliminate rule — ликвидировать господство

to emerge from military to civilian rule — переходить от правления военных к гражданскому правительству

to end the rule — покончить с господством

to entrench minority rule — закреплять правление меньшинства

to establish a rule — устанавливать правило

to establish the rule of smb — устанавливать правление кого-л.

to exercise arbitrary rule — править как диктатор

to extend one's rule by another 4 years — продлевать срок своего правления еще на 4 года

to flee smb's rule — бежать из-под чьей-л. власти

to frame rules — вырабатывать / определять / составлять правила

to implement presidential rule — осуществлять президентское правление

to impose / to introduce smb's rule — вводить чье-л. правление

to infringe a rule — нарушать правило

to institute a democratic rule — устанавливать демократическое правление

to interpret a rule — толковать правило

to lay down a rule — устанавливать правило

to lift emergency rule — отменять чрезвычайные полномочия правительства

to live under alien rule — жить под иностранным господством

to maintain rules — поддерживать / соблюдать правила

to note an infringement / a violation of the rules — констатировать нарушение правил

to obey / to observe a rule — придерживаться правила, соблюдать правило

to overthrow / to throw off smb's rule — свергать кого-л.

to put a territory under direct rule from... — ставить территорию под прямое управление из...

to put an end to smb's rule — покончить с чьим-л. господством, положить конец чьему-л. господству

to reestablish the rule of law — восстанавливать законность

to remain under smb's rule — оставаться под чьим-л. управлением

to respect the rules of the international law — уважать нормы международного права

to restore civilian rule — восстанавливать гражданское правление

to return to civilian rule — возвращаться к гражданскому правлению

to revert to smb's rule — возвращаться под чье-л. управление

to stick to a rule — придерживаться правила, соблюдать правило

to submit to the rules — подчиняться правилам, придерживаться правил

to suffer from smb's rule — страдать от чьего-л. гнета

to suspend the rules of procedure — приостанавливать действие правил процедуры

to violate a rule — нарушать правило

to waive a rule — не применять правило

to work to rule — работать строго по правилам ( вид забастовки)

to work under a unanimity rule — работать при условии единогласия

- ‘White only’ rule
- abidance by the rules
- advent of smb's rule
- against international rules of behavior
- alien rule
- arbitrary rule
- army rules
- authoritarian rule
- autocratic rule
- bending of rules
- British rule
- central government rule
- civil rule
- civilian rule
- closed rule
- common rule
- constitutional rule
- contractual rules
- direct presidential rule
- direct rule of Northern Ireland from London
- direct rule
- domestic rules
- during smb's rule
- economic rule
- emergency rule
- eunuch rule
- executive rule
- existing rules
- financial rules
- foreign rule
- forms of political rule
- fundamental rules
- gag rule
- gavel rule
- general rule
- generally accepted rules
- generally recognized rules
- genocidal rule
- ground rules
- handover to a civilian rule
- hard-and-fast rule
- home rule
- humanitarian rules
- immigration rules
- imposition of Central Government rule
- in accordance with the rules
- in conformity with the rules
- incompatibility with the rules of behavior
- industrial safety rules
- infringement of the rules of procedure
- international rules
- iron hand rule
- job safety rules
- legal rules
- majority rule
- mandate rule
- manipulation of rules
- military rule
- mob rule
- monopoly rule
- multilateral rules
- no-strike rule
- one-party rule
- one-time rule
- open rule
- operating rules
- over-riding of rules
- parliamentary checks on presidential rule
- party rules
- pertinent rules
- police rule
- political rule
- Ponsonby Rule
- popular democratic rule
- presidential rule
- previous question rule
- procedure rules
- provisional rule
- proxy rule
- repressive rule
- restoration of civilian rule
- return of civilian rule
- revised rules
- Rule of the Court
- rule by decree

- rule of force
- rule of foreign capital
- rule of germaneness
- rule of law
- rule of terror
- rule of the gun
- rule of the military
- rule of unanimity of great powers
- rules and customs of war
- rules and regulations

- rules for carrying out one's functions
- rules for international trade
- rules governing smth
- rules inherited from
- rules laid down in smth
- rules of confidentiality
- rules of international law
- rules prescribed by smb
- rules relating to trade
- set rule
- single-party rule
- special rule
- staff rule
- standing rule
- striving for economic rule
- ten minute rule
- terms of the rules of procedure
- totalitarian rule
- trade rules
- transition from military to civilian rule
- treaty rules
- unanimity rule
- under smb's rule
- unit rule
- virtual one-party rule
- voting rules
- white minority rule
- world rule 2. v
1) править, управлять; господствовать

2) постановлять; устанавливать

•

to rule by decree — управлять с помощью указов

to rule smth as unconstitutional — постановить считать что-л. противоречащим конституции

to rule smth out unequivocally — недвусмысленно исключать что-л.

to rule with an iron fist / rod — править железной рукой

Politics english-russian dictionary > rule
10 ejecutar

v.

1 to carry out.

ejecutar las órdenes de alguien to carry out somebody's orders

2 to execute (condenado).

Ella ejecuta los planes She executes the plans.

El ejecutó a Ricardo He executed=killed Richard.

La computadora ejecutó el programa The computer ran the program.

3 to perform (concierto).

4 to execute, to run (computing) (programa).

5 to play.

El virtuoso ejecutó una canción The virtuoso played a song.

6 to enforce.

El policía ejecutó el reglamento The policeman enforced the rules.

* * *

ejecutar

► verbo transitivo

1 (una orden etc) to carry out

2 MÚSICA to perform, play

3 (ajusticiar) to execute

4 DERECHO to seize

5 INFORMÁTICA to run

* * *

verb

1) to execute

2) perform

* * *

VT

1) (=ajusticiar) to execute

2) (=hacer cumplir) [+ orden, sentencia] to carry out, execute; [+ deseos] to perform, fulfil, fulfill (EEUU)

3) (Mús) to perform, play

4) (Inform) to run

5) (Jur) to attach, distrain on

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <condenado/reo> to execute

2) < plan> to implement, carry out; <orden/trabajo> to carry out; < sentencia> to execute, enforce; <ejercicio/salto> to perform; <sinfonía/himno nacional> to play, perform

* * *

= execute, execute.

Ex. Some cataloguing may be conducted by a technical services department, whilst other cataloguing may be executed in the local studies department, or the children's library.

Ex. Knowing that the trials were inherently unfair and he was almost certain to be convicted and executed, Corey refused to stand for trial.

----

* ejecutar una acción = effect + execution.

* ejecutar una función = run + function.

* ejecutar una orden = execute + command, execute + instruction.

* ejecutar una tarea = execute + task.

* ejecutar una utilidad = run + utility.

* repetir, reponer, volver a ejectuar = rerun [re-run].

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <condenado/reo> to execute

2) < plan> to implement, carry out; <orden/trabajo> to carry out; < sentencia> to execute, enforce; <ejercicio/salto> to perform; <sinfonía/himno nacional> to play, perform

* * *

= execute, execute.

Ex: Some cataloguing may be conducted by a technical services department, whilst other cataloguing may be executed in the local studies department, or the children's library.

Ex: Knowing that the trials were inherently unfair and he was almost certain to be convicted and executed, Corey refused to stand for trial.

* ejecutar una acción = effect + execution.

* ejecutar una función = run + function.

* ejecutar una orden = execute + command, execute + instruction.

* ejecutar una tarea = execute + task.

* ejecutar una utilidad = run + utility.

* repetir, reponer, volver a ejectuar = rerun [re-run].

* * *

ejecutar [A1 ]

vt

A ‹condenado/reo› to execute

B

1 ‹plan› to implement, carry out, execute ( frml); ‹orden/trabajo› to carry out; ‹sentencia› to execute, enforce

2 ‹ejercicio/salto› to perform

3 ‹sinfonía/himno nacional› to play, perform

* * *

ejecutar ( conjugate ejecutar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹condenado/reo› to execute
2 ‹ plan› to implement, carry out;
‹orden/trabajo› to carry out;
‹ sentencia› to execute, enforce;
‹ejercicio/salto› to perform;
‹sinfonía/himno nacional› to play, perform
ejecutar verbo transitivo
1 (llevar a cabo, cumplir) to carry out: ejecutó la orden sin rechistar, he carried out the order without flinching
2 (asesinar) to execute
3 Mús to perform, play
4 Inform to run
' ejecutar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
hacer
- cumplir
English:
execute
- foreclose
- put
- run
- shoot
- sight-read
- to
- death
- gas
- perform

* * *

ejecutar vt

1. [realizar] [trabajo, tarea] to carry out;
[plan, proyecto] to implement, to carry out; [penalti, lanzamiento, disparo] to take; [ejercicio, acrobacia] to perform;
ejecutar las órdenes de alguien to carry out sb's orders;

ejecutar la sentencia de un juez to enforce a judge's sentence

2. [condenado] to execute

3. [pieza musical] to perform

4. Der [desahucio] to carry out, to enforce

5. Informát [programa] to execute, to run

* * *

ejecutar

v/t

1 ( realizar) carry out, implement, execute

2 condenado execute

3 INFOR run, execute

4 MÚS play, perform

* * *

ejecutar vt

1) : to execute, to put to death

2) : to carry out, to perform

* * *

ejecutar vb

1. (realizar operación, orden) to carry out [pt. & pp. carried]

2. (matar) to execute

3. (actuar) to perform

Spanish-English dictionary > ejecutar
11 Bestimmung

Bestimmung f 1. GEN, V&M determination, designation; allocation; 2. RW appropriation (von Geldern); 3. RECHT stipulation, provision (Vorschrift); 4. VERSICH clause (Klausel); 5. WIWI appropriation, regulation • seiner Bestimmung übergeben GEN, MGT inaugurate, open to the public
* * *

f 1. < Geschäft> allocation; 2. < Rechnung> von Geldern appropriation; 3. < Recht> Vorschrift stipulation, provision; 4. < Versich> Klausel clause; 5. <Vw> appropriation, regulation

* * *
Bestimmung
(Ernennung) appointment, nomination, designation, (Festsetzung) fixing, fixation, (Feststellung) ascertainment, (Verfügung) disposition, (Verordnung) regulation, ordinance, order, decree, (Vertrag) clause, stipulation, provision, condition, article, recital, (Vorschrift) direction, (Zuweisung) allocation, appropriation, assignation, assignment;
• aufgrund der Bestimmungen des Paragraphen 21 by the terms of article 21;
• gemäß den vertraglichen Bestimmungen according to the provisions of the agreement;
• laut steuerrechtlichen Bestimmungen under tax laws;
• mit Ausnahme gegenteiliger (vorbehaltlich anderweitiger) Bestimmungen save as otherwise provided;
• ungeachtet gegenteiliger Bestimmungen notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary;
• unter eine Bestimmung fallend includible;
• Bestimmungen terms, conditions, provisions, regulations, rules;
• allgemeine Bestimmungen general provisions;
• amtliche Bestimmungen official regulations;
• aufhebende Bestimmung rescinding clause;
• auflösende Bestimmung conditional clause;
• ausdrückliche Bestimmung express condition;
• ausdrückliche arbeitsvertragliche Bestimmung express statement;
• degressive Bestimmungen (Besteuerung) tapering provisions;
• devisenrechtliche Bestimmungen [foreign-]exchange regulations;
• eingefügte Bestimmung inserted clause;
• eingeschränkte Bestimmungen modifying conditions;
• einschränkende Bestimmung restrictive clause, (Konkurrenzklausel) restraining clause;
• elastische Bestimmungen elastic rules;
• entgegenstehende Bestimmungen regulations to the contrary;
• dem Parteiwillen vermutlich entsprechende Bestimmungen implied terms;
• fakultative Bestimmungen non-compulsory clauses;
• forstpolizeiliche Bestimmungen forest regulations;
• gegenteilige Bestimmung provision to the contrary;
• geltende Bestimmungen current regulations;
• gesetzliche Bestimmungen statutory (legal) provisions;
• gewerbepolizeiliche Bestimmungen inspection laws;
• haushaltsrechtliche Bestimmungen budgetary regulations;
• interne Bestimmungen internal regulations;
• konkursrechtliche Bestimmungen bankrupt[cy] laws;
• nähere Bestimmungen specifications, specific regulations;
• vorhandene nationale Bestimmungen existing national rules;
• normative Bestimmungen (Tarifvertrag) normative effect;
• postalische Bestimmungen postal regulations;
• preiseinschränkende Bestimmungen price-fixing restrictions;
• protokollarische Bestimmungen ceremonial rules, rules of protocol;
• steuerrechtliche Bestimmungen fiscal (tax-law) provisions, tax laws (regulations);
• umweltpolitische Bestimmung environmental provision;
• unabdingbare Bestimmungen mandatory provisions;
• vorvertragliche Bestimmungen precontractual terms;
• wesentliche Bestimmungen material terms;
• zollamtliche Bestimmungen customs regulations;
• zusätzliche Bestimmungen added (additional) clauses;
• zwingende Bestimmung compulsory clause, mandatory provision (US);
• Bestimmungen über die Altersversicherung old-age provisions;
• Bestimmungen über die Aufrechterhaltung der Versicherungsansprüche bei Verfall (Rückkauf) der Police non-forfeiture provisions;
• Bestimmungen des Ausbildungsvertrages conditions of apprenticeship;
• Bestimmung über Barzahlung und Transport auf eigenen Schiffen cash-and-carry clause (US);
• Bestimmung des Begünstigten (Testamentsvollstrecker) power of appointment;
• Bestimmungen über die steuerliche Behandlung von Kapitalgewinnen (Kapitalverlusten) (Einkommensteuer) capital gains (losses) provisions;
• Bestimmungen des EG-Vertrages treaty provisions;
• Bestimmungen über die Einbehaltung von Lohnsteuern withholding regulations;
• Bestimmungen über die Einberufung und Abhaltung von Hauptversammlungen provisions as to notice and procedure at general meetings;
• Bestimmung des Einzelhandelspreises setting the retail-price, retailprice determination (fixing, making);
• Bestimmungen über den Eisenbahngüterverkehr railway company’s regulations;
• Bestimmungen für den Elternurlaub provisions about parental leave;
• Bestimmung von 10 Millionen als Entwicklungshilfe allocation of 10 million as development aid;
• Bestimmung des Erbberechtigten appointment of an heir (US);
• Bestimmungen im Falle sozial ungerechtfertigter Kündigung unfair dismissal provisions;
• Bestimmungen über den Flugzeugbau (GATT) aircraft rules;
• Bestimmungen über das Führen von Telefongesprächen telephone regulations;
• Bestimmungen über die Führung von Anderkonten durch Rechtsanwälte Solictors’ Accounts Rules (Br.);
• Bestimmungen über die Gewährung zusätzlicher Leistungen fringe issues;
• Bestimmungen über den Kapitalbedarf capital requirements;
• eingeschränkende Bestimmungen für Lombardkredite (Börse) margin rules (US);
• Bestimmungen gegen den Missbrauch von Steuervergünstigungen anti-avoiding provisions;
• Bestimmung eines Nachfolgers designation of a successor;
• Bestimmungen über das Nettokapitalverhältnis net capital rule;
• Bestimmungen über das Postsparkassenwesen Post Office Savings Bank Regulations;
• Bestimmung eines Testaments clause of a will;
• einschränkende Bestimmungen aus Umweltschutzgründen environmental restrictions;
• Bestimmungen über übertarifliche Vergütungen name-in-lights clauses;
• Bestimmungen über den Versand von Standarddrucksachen printed-paper conditions (Br.);
• Bestimmungen des Versicherungsaufsichtsamtes state insurance regulations;
• Bestimmungen einer Versicherungspolice provisions of an insurance policy;
• Bestimmung des Versicherungsumfanges operative clause;
• Bestimmungen des Versicherungsvertrages policy provisions;
• einleitende Bestimmungen eines Vertrages preliminary articles of a treaty;
• Bestimmung über die Vertragsdauer termination clause;
• Bestimmung eines Zeitpunkts determination of a date;
• aufgrund einzelner Bestimmungen ablehnen to give a qualified no;
• durch vertragliche Bestimmungen absichern to guard by clauses;
• am Ort seiner Bestimmung ankommen to reach one’s destination;
• Bestimmung anwenden to apply a provision;
• Bestimmungen aufheben to abolish provisions;
• einschränkende Bestimmungen aufheben to deregulationize;
• Bestimmung eng auslegen to construe a clause narrowly;
• Bestimmung weit auslegen to construe a clause extensively;
• von den kartellrechtlichen Bestimmungen ausnehmen to exempt from the antitrust rules;
• Bestimmung beibehalten to retain a provision;
• den einkommensteuerrechtlichen Bestimmungen nicht entsprechen to be repugnant to Income-Tax Act;
• Bestimmung erlassen to lay down a regulation, to issue an order;
• unter eine Bestimmung fallen to come within the scope of (be covered by) a clause;
• unter die gesetzlichen Bestimmungen (die Bestimmung en eines Gesetzes) fallen to come within the provisions (scope) of a law (provisions of an act);
• keine Bestimmungen für einen derartigen Fall getroffen haben to have made no provisions for a case of this kind;
• sich unnachgiebig an eine Bestimmung halten to adhere strictly to a clause;
• in Übereinstimmung mit den Bestimmungen handeln to conform with (to) provisions;
• Bestimmungen eines Abkommens in Kraft setzen to implement the provisions of a convention;
• keine Bestimmung treffen (Vertrag) to be silent;
• für einen Fall keine Bestimmungen treffen to make no provisions for a case;
• die notwendigen Bestimmungen treffen to take the necessary steps;
• Brücke ihrer Bestimmung übergeben to open a bridge;
• Gebäude seiner Bestimmung übergeben to inaugurate a building;
• Bestimmungen umgehen to evade regulations, (gesetzliche) to dodge the law;
• konkursrechtlichen Bestimmungen unterliegen to be amenable to bankruptcy laws;
• sich seiner Bestimmung unterwerfen to mortgage o. s. to a clause;
• Bestimmungen über marktgemäße (marktgerechte) Kurse bei Übernahmeverhandlungen in den Statuten verankern to incorporate a fair-price provision in its charter;
• Bestimmung verletzen to be in violation of a provision;
• besondere Bestimmung vorsehen to make a special provision about;
• von einer der Bestimmungen erfasst werden to fall within one of the paragraphs;
• den Bestimmungen zuwiderhandeln to contravene the terms;
• die Bestimmungen besagen it says in the regulations;
• gesonderte Bestimmungen gelten für special provisions apply to.

Business german-english dictionary > Bestimmung
12 Artificial Intelligence

   1) Programs and the Complexity of Human Mental Processes

   In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Is an Engineering Discipline

   Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)

   3) A Sceptical View of Artificial Intelligence

   Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inﬂated predictions....

   When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)

   4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually

   Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the Program

   Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)

   6) The Meaning of a Symbolic Description

   What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   7) The Principle of Artificial Intelligence

   [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)

   8) Artificial Intelligence Recognizes the Need for Knowledge in Its Systems

   The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)

   9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form

   The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)

    10) There Are Many Types of Reasoning

   There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:

    Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins ﬂy? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can ﬂy, so robins probably can ﬂy."

    Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)

    11) Programs Are Beginning to Do Things That Critics Have Asserted to Be Impossible

   Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)

    12) The Synthesis of Man and Machine

   Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)

    13) The Thesis of Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI)

   The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)

    14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation

   It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)

    15) Four Kinds of Artificial Intelligence

   We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.

   ♦ Nonpsychological AI

   Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.

   ♦ Weak Psychological AI

   Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.

   ♦ Strong Psychological AI

... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)

   ♦ Suprapsychological AI

   Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)

    16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts

   Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)

    17) Form and Content Are Not Fundamentally Different

   Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System

   Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence

   The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.

   The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)

    20) Mathematical Logic Provides the Basis for Theory in AI

   The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....

   AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)

    21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions

   In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)

    22) Definitions of Artificial Intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)

    23) The Computer Can Not Be a Model of the Mind

   Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)

    24) Computers Will Not Always Be Inferior to Human Brains

   The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
13 ley

f.

law (norma, precepto).

leyes law (derecho)

ganaron con todas las de la ley (informal) they won fair and square

de buena ley reliable, sterling

ley del embudo (informal) one law for oneself and another for everyone else

ley marcial martial law

ley de la oferta y la demanda law of supply and demand

ley sálica (history) Salic law

la Ley Seca (history) Prohibition

la ley de la selva the law of the jungle

ley de la ventaja (sport) advantage (law)

* * *

ley

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) law; (proyecto de ley) bill, act; (regla) rule

2 (de metal) purity

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

aprobar una ley to pass a bill

con todas las de la ley proper

de ley (oro) pure 2 (plata) sterling 3 (persona) genuine

¡es ley de vida! that's life!, that's the way the cookie crumbles!

estar fuera de la ley to be outside the law

hecha la ley, hecha la trampa whatever the law, there's always a loophole, laws are made to be broken

por ley by law

la ley del más fuerte the law of the jungle

ley del embudo double standards plural

ley marcial martial law

ley orgánica constitutional law

ley sálica Salic law

ley seca prohibition law

* * *

noun f.

1) law

2) purity

* * *

SF

1) (=precepto) law

aprobar o votar una ley — to pass a law

todos somos iguales ante la ley — we are all equal before the law

está por encima de la ley — he's above the law

está fuera de la ley — he's outside the law

un fuera de la ley — an outlaw

de acuerdo con la ley, según la ley — in accordance with the law, by law, in law

con todas las de la ley —

quieren crear una fundación con todas las de la ley — they want to set up a fully-fledged charitable trust

va a protestar, y con todas las de la ley — he's going to complain and rightly so

quiere celebrar su aniversario con todas las de la ley — she wants to celebrate her anniversary in style

- hecha la ley hecha la trampa

ley cambiaria — currency exchange regulations

ley de extranjería — immigration laws

ley de fugas, se le aplicó la ley de fugas — he was shot while trying to escape

ley fundamental — constitutional law

ley marcial — martial law

ley orgánica — constitutional law

ley seca — prohibition law

2) (=regla no escrita) law

ley de la calle — mob law, lynch law

ley de la selva — law of the jungle

ley del embudo — unfair law

ley del más fuerte — (principle of) might is right

ley del Talión — ( Hist) lex talionis; (fig) (principle of) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth

3) (=principio científico) law

ley de la gravedad — law of gravity

ley de la oferta y la demanda — law of supply and demand

ley natural — (Fís) law of nature; (Ética) natural law

4) (Dep) rule, law

ley de la ventaja — advantage rule

5) (Rel)

la ley de Dios — the rule of God, God's law

ley de Moisés — the law of Moses

6) (Metal)

oro de ley — pure gold, standard gold

bajo de ley — base

ser de (buena) ley — to be genuine

ser de mala ley — to be a bad character

7) † (=lealtad) loyalty, devotion

tener/tomar ley a algn — to be/become devoted to sb

* * *

femenino

1) ( disposición legal) law

conforme a la ley — in accordance with the law

aplicar una ley — to apply a law

violar la ley — to break the law

atenerse a la ley — to obey the law

es ley de vida — it is a fact of life

hacerle la ley del hielo a alguien — (Chi, Méx) to give somebody the cold shoulder

la ley de la selva or de la jungla — the law of the jungle

la ley del más fuerte — the survival of the fittest

la ley del mínimo esfuerzo — the line of least resistance

la ley del talión — an eye for an eye

morir en su ley — (Andes) to die as one lived

quien hace la ley hace la trampa — every law has a loophole

ley pareja no es dura — (CS) a rule isn't unfair if it applies to everyone

- ley de fuga

- ley del embudo

- ley seca

2) ( justicia)

la ley — the law

somos iguales ante la ley — we are equal in the eyes of the law

un representante de la ley — a representative of the law

con todas las de la ley: ganó con todas las de la ley she won very deservedly; una comida con todas las de la ley a proper meal; una democracia con todas las de la ley — a fully-fledged democracy

- ley marcial/sálica

3) (Fís) law

- ley de la oferta y la demanda

4) (de oro, plata) assay value

de buena ley — genuine

* * *

= bill, law, legislative enactment, act.

Ex. The conference debated a library bill which aims to set up public libraries in all municipalities with over 30,000 inhabitants.

Ex. A catalogue code is a systematic arrangement of laws and statutes so as to avoid inconsistency and duplication in catalogues.

Ex. Apply this rule to legislative enactments and decrees of a political jurisdiction and decrees of a chief executive having the force of law.

Ex. This act allowed for the establishment of town libraries, which were free and open to all ratepayers and provided by funds from local rates.

----

* acatar la ley = follow + the law.

* acatar las leyes = keep on + the right side of the law.

* al borde de la ley = on the edge of the law.

* al margen de la ley = extra-judicial.

* ante la ley = at law.

* anteproyecto de ley = draft of legislation, draft bill.

* aprobar una ley = pass + law, pass + legislation, pass + bill.

* ausencia de ley = anomie.

* autoridad sancionadora de ley = enactor of law.

* castigar con todo el peso de la ley = punish + to the full extent of the law.

* confección de leyes = law-making [lawmaking/law making].

* con todas las de la ley = full-bodied, full-fledged, full-scale.

* con todo el peso de la ley = to the full extent of the law.

* contravenir la ley = contravene + the law, break + the law.

* contravenir una ley = be in breach of + law.

* creación de leyes = rulemaking [rule-making].

* creador de leyes = rule-maker [rulemaker].

* cumplidor de las leyes = law abiding.

* cumplir la ley = observe + the law.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de ley = kosher.

* dentro de la ley = within the law.

* elaboración de leyes = rulemaking [rule-making].

* espíritu de la ley, el = spirit of the law, the.

* formulación de leyes = rulemaking [rule-making].

* hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcement, enforce + law, legal enforcement.

* hacer las leyes más estrictas = tighten + laws.

* infractor de la ley = scofflaw.

* infringir la ley = break + the law.

* infringir una ley = infringe + law, violate + law, breach + law, be in breach of + law.

* interpretar la ley = interpret + the law.

* interpretar la ley según le convenga mejor a Uno = bend + the rules to suit + Posesivo + own purposes, bend + the rules, circumvent + rules.

* ir en contra de la ley = be against the law.

* legislación por decreto ley = delegated legislation.

* ley antigua = ancient law.

* ley antiterrorista = terrorism act.

* ley consuetudinaria = customary law.

* ley cósmica = cosmic law.

* ley de bibliotecas = library law.

* ley de bibliotecas, la = library act, the.

* ley de copyright = copyright law.

* ley de derechos de autor = copyright law.

* ley de dispersión = law of scattering.

* Ley de Dispersión de Bradford = Bradford's distribution law, Bradford's Law of Scatter, Bradford's Law of Scattering.

* ley de frecuencias de palabras de Zipf = Zipf's word frequency law.

* ley de la gravedad, la = law of gravity, the.

* ley de la oferta y la demanda = law of supply and demand.

* ley de la selva, la = law of the jungle, the.

* Ley del Derecho a la Privacidad = privacy law, privacy protection law, Privacy Act.

* ley del más fuerte, la = law of the jungle, the, law of the jungle, the, survival of the fittest, survival of the strongest.

* Ley de los Medicamentos Raros, la = Orphan Drug Act, the.

* ley de los rendimientos decrecientes = law of diminishing returns.

* Ley de Lotka, la = Lotka's Law.

* ley del secreto industrial = trade secret law.

* ley de Pareto = Pareto's law.

* ley de pesos y medidas = weights and measures act.

* ley de productividad científica de Lotka = Lotka's scientific productivity law.

* Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, la = intellectual property law, Copyright Act, the.

* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cuadrado = inverse square law.

* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cubo = inverse cube law.

* ley de responsabilidad por el producto = product liability law.

* Ley de Simplificación de los Procesos Administrativos = Paperwork Reduction Act.

* ley de sucesión = inheritance law.

* ley de vida = fact of life, laws of nature.

* ley draconiana = draconian law.

* leyes = the law of the land.

* leyes científicas = laws of physics.

* leyes contra la difamación = laws of libel.

* leyes de la ciencia = laws of physics.

* leyes de la física = laws of physics.

* leyes de la naturaleza = nature's laws, laws of nature.

* leyes sobre la igualdad = equity laws.

* leyes sobre patentes = patent law.

* leyes vigentes = the law of the land.

* ley exponencial = power law.

* ley exponencial inversa = inverse power law.

* ley marcial = martial law.

* Ley Patriótica, La = USA Patriot Act, the.

* ley penal = penal law.

* ley sobre contratos = contract law.

* ley sucesoria = inheritance law.

* ley tribal = tribal law.

* ley tributaria = tax bill.

* no infringir las leyes = stay on + the right side of the law, keep on + the right side of the law.

* obedecer la ley = observe + the law, follow + the law.

* organismo encargado de hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcing agency.

* por ley = mandated.

* promulgar leyes = enact + legislation.

* promulgar una ley = enact + law, promulgate + rule, promulgate + law.

* proteger por ley = protect by + law.

* proyecto de ley = green paper, legislative bill.

* quebrantar la ley = break + the law.

* rechazar una ley = defeat + legislation.

* redactar leyes = draft + legislation.

* redactar una ley = draft + law.

* respetar la ley = observe + the law.

* respetar las leyes = stay on + the right side of the law, keep on + the right side of the law.

* respetuoso de la ley = law abiding.

* saltarse la ley a la torera = flout + the law.

* ser responsable ante la ley = be criminally liable.

* tener problemas con la ley = fall + foul of the law, go + afoul of the law, fall + afoul of the law.

* transgresor de la ley = lawbreaker.

* valor de ley = force of law.

* violación de la ley = breach of legislation.

* violar una ley = violate + law, break + the law, be in breach of + law.

* * *

femenino

1) ( disposición legal) law

conforme a la ley — in accordance with the law

aplicar una ley — to apply a law

violar la ley — to break the law

atenerse a la ley — to obey the law

es ley de vida — it is a fact of life

hacerle la ley del hielo a alguien — (Chi, Méx) to give somebody the cold shoulder

la ley de la selva or de la jungla — the law of the jungle

la ley del más fuerte — the survival of the fittest

la ley del mínimo esfuerzo — the line of least resistance

la ley del talión — an eye for an eye

morir en su ley — (Andes) to die as one lived

quien hace la ley hace la trampa — every law has a loophole

ley pareja no es dura — (CS) a rule isn't unfair if it applies to everyone

- ley de fuga

- ley del embudo

- ley seca

2) ( justicia)

la ley — the law

somos iguales ante la ley — we are equal in the eyes of the law

un representante de la ley — a representative of the law

con todas las de la ley: ganó con todas las de la ley she won very deservedly; una comida con todas las de la ley a proper meal; una democracia con todas las de la ley — a fully-fledged democracy

- ley marcial/sálica

3) (Fís) law

- ley de la oferta y la demanda

4) (de oro, plata) assay value

de buena ley — genuine

* * *

= bill, law, legislative enactment, act.

Ex: The conference debated a library bill which aims to set up public libraries in all municipalities with over 30,000 inhabitants.

Ex: A catalogue code is a systematic arrangement of laws and statutes so as to avoid inconsistency and duplication in catalogues.

Ex: Apply this rule to legislative enactments and decrees of a political jurisdiction and decrees of a chief executive having the force of law.

Ex: This act allowed for the establishment of town libraries, which were free and open to all ratepayers and provided by funds from local rates.

* acatar la ley = follow + the law.

* acatar las leyes = keep on + the right side of the law.

* al borde de la ley = on the edge of the law.

* al margen de la ley = extra-judicial.

* ante la ley = at law.

* anteproyecto de ley = draft of legislation, draft bill.

* aprobar una ley = pass + law, pass + legislation, pass + bill.

* ausencia de ley = anomie.

* autoridad sancionadora de ley = enactor of law.

* castigar con todo el peso de la ley = punish + to the full extent of the law.

* confección de leyes = law-making [lawmaking/law making].

* con todas las de la ley = full-bodied, full-fledged, full-scale.

* con todo el peso de la ley = to the full extent of the law.

* contravenir la ley = contravene + the law, break + the law.

* contravenir una ley = be in breach of + law.

* creación de leyes = rulemaking [rule-making].

* creador de leyes = rule-maker [rulemaker].

* cumplidor de las leyes = law abiding.

* cumplir la ley = observe + the law.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de ley = kosher.

* dentro de la ley = within the law.

* elaboración de leyes = rulemaking [rule-making].

* espíritu de la ley, el = spirit of the law, the.

* formulación de leyes = rulemaking [rule-making].

* hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcement, enforce + law, legal enforcement.

* hacer las leyes más estrictas = tighten + laws.

* infractor de la ley = scofflaw.

* infringir la ley = break + the law.

* infringir una ley = infringe + law, violate + law, breach + law, be in breach of + law.

* interpretar la ley = interpret + the law.

* interpretar la ley según le convenga mejor a Uno = bend + the rules to suit + Posesivo + own purposes, bend + the rules, circumvent + rules.

* ir en contra de la ley = be against the law.

* legislación por decreto ley = delegated legislation.

* ley antigua = ancient law.

* ley antiterrorista = terrorism act.

* ley consuetudinaria = customary law.

* ley cósmica = cosmic law.

* ley de bibliotecas = library law.

* ley de bibliotecas, la = library act, the.

* ley de copyright = copyright law.

* ley de derechos de autor = copyright law.

* ley de dispersión = law of scattering.

* Ley de Dispersión de Bradford = Bradford's distribution law, Bradford's Law of Scatter, Bradford's Law of Scattering.

* ley de frecuencias de palabras de Zipf = Zipf's word frequency law.

* ley de la gravedad, la = law of gravity, the.

* ley de la oferta y la demanda = law of supply and demand.

* ley de la selva, la = law of the jungle, the.

* Ley del Derecho a la Privacidad = privacy law, privacy protection law, Privacy Act.

* ley del más fuerte, la = law of the jungle, the, law of the jungle, the, survival of the fittest, survival of the strongest.

* Ley de los Medicamentos Raros, la = Orphan Drug Act, the.

* ley de los rendimientos decrecientes = law of diminishing returns.

* Ley de Lotka, la = Lotka's Law.

* ley del secreto industrial = trade secret law.

* ley de Pareto = Pareto's law.

* ley de pesos y medidas = weights and measures act.

* ley de productividad científica de Lotka = Lotka's scientific productivity law.

* Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, la = intellectual property law, Copyright Act, the.

* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cuadrado = inverse square law.

* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cubo = inverse cube law.

* ley de responsabilidad por el producto = product liability law.

* Ley de Simplificación de los Procesos Administrativos = Paperwork Reduction Act.

* ley de sucesión = inheritance law.

* ley de vida = fact of life, laws of nature.

* ley draconiana = draconian law.

* leyes = the law of the land.

* leyes científicas = laws of physics.

* leyes contra la difamación = laws of libel.

* leyes de la ciencia = laws of physics.

* leyes de la física = laws of physics.

* leyes de la naturaleza = nature's laws, laws of nature.

* leyes sobre la igualdad = equity laws.

* leyes sobre patentes = patent law.

* leyes vigentes = the law of the land.

* ley exponencial = power law.

* ley exponencial inversa = inverse power law.

* ley marcial = martial law.

* Ley Patriótica, La = USA Patriot Act, the.

* ley penal = penal law.

* ley sobre contratos = contract law.

* ley sucesoria = inheritance law.

* ley tribal = tribal law.

* ley tributaria = tax bill.

* no infringir las leyes = stay on + the right side of the law, keep on + the right side of the law.

* obedecer la ley = observe + the law, follow + the law.

* organismo encargado de hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcing agency.

* por ley = mandated.

* promulgar leyes = enact + legislation.

* promulgar una ley = enact + law, promulgate + rule, promulgate + law.

* proteger por ley = protect by + law.

* proyecto de ley = green paper, legislative bill.

* quebrantar la ley = break + the law.

* rechazar una ley = defeat + legislation.

* redactar leyes = draft + legislation.

* redactar una ley = draft + law.

* respetar la ley = observe + the law.

* respetar las leyes = stay on + the right side of the law, keep on + the right side of the law.

* respetuoso de la ley = law abiding.

* saltarse la ley a la torera = flout + the law.

* ser responsable ante la ley = be criminally liable.

* tener problemas con la ley = fall + foul of the law, go + afoul of the law, fall + afoul of the law.

* transgresor de la ley = lawbreaker.

* valor de ley = force of law.

* violación de la ley = breach of legislation.

* violar una ley = violate + law, break + the law, be in breach of + law.

* * *

ley

feminine

A (disposición legal) law

conforme a la leyor según disponen las leyes in accordance with the law

promulgar/dictar una ley to promulgate/issue a law

aprobar/derogar una ley to pass/repeal a law

aplicar una ley to apply a law

se acogió a la ley de ciudadanía he sought protection under the citizenship law

violar la ley to break the law

atenerse a la ley to abide by o obey the law

es ley de vida it is a fact of life

hacerle la ley del hielo a algn (Chi, Méx); to give sb the cold shoulder

la ley de la selva or de la jungla the law of the jungle

la ley del más fuerte the survival of the fittest

la ley del mínimo esfuerzo the line of least resistance

la ley del Talión an eye for an eye

aplicar la ley del Talión to demand an eye for an eye

morir en su ley ( Andes); to die as one lived

tenerle ley a algn ( Chi fam); to have it in for sb ( colloq)

hecha la ley hecha la trampa or quien hace la ley hace la trampa every law has its loophole

ley pareja no es dura or rigurosa (CS); a rule isn't unfair if it applies to everyone

Compuestos:

● ley de extranjería

(en Esp) ≈ immigration laws (pl)

● ley de fuga(s)

(Andes, Méx): aplicarle a algn la ley de fuga(s) the practice of allowing a prisoner to escape and then shooting him/her in the back

● ley de la ventaja

advantage rule

● ley del embudo

unfair law/rule

● ley orgánica

organic law

● ley seca

la ley seca Prohibition

● ley tributaria

tax law

B

(justicia): la ley the law

todos somos iguales ante la ley we are all equal in the eyes of the law o under the law

un representante de la ley a representative of the law

con todas las de la ley: ganó con todas las de la ley she won very fairly o rightly o deservedly

un almuerzo con todas las de la ley a proper o real lunch

Compuestos:

● ley marcial

martial law

● ley sálica

Salic law

C

1 (regla natural) law

las leyes de la física the laws of physics

2 ( Bib) law

Compuestos:

● ley de la gravedad

law of gravity

● ley de la oferta y la demanda

law of supply and demand

● leyes de Mendel

fpl Mendel's laws (pl)

D (de oro, plata) assay value

de buena ley genuine

* * *

ley sustantivo femenino
1 ( en general) law;
◊ violar la ley to break the law;

iguales ante la ley equal in the eyes of the law;
ley de la oferta y la demanda law of supply and demand;
la ley del más fuerte the survival of the fittest;
ley pareja no es dura (CS) a rule isn't unfair if it applies to everyone
2 (de oro, plata) assay value
ley sustantivo femenino law
Rel la ley del aborto, the abortion law
la ley judía/cristiana, Jewish/Christian law
ley marcial, martial law
una ley de protección del patrimonio artístico, a law on artistic heritage protection
la ley de la selva, the law of the jungle
Pol proyecto de ley, bill
♦ Locuciones: es una persona de ley, he's a reliable person
oro de ley, pure gold
plata de ley, sterling silver
' ley' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acogerse
- adelante
- anteproyecto
- anular
- anulación
- aplicarse
- aprobar
- calle
- codificar
- decreto
- derogación
- dictar
- estatuto
- formular
- hallar
- igualdad
- impugnar
- infringir
- LOGSE
- observar
- oposición
- oro
- plata
- proscrita
- proscrito
- proyecto
- radical
- reformar
- regir
- relajar
- respetar
- retroactiva
- retroactivo
- rigor
- sálica
- sálico
- sancionar
- selva
- someterse
- supresión
- suprimir
- tabla
- talión
- título
- universal
- vigencia
- vigente
- vigor
- violar
- violación
English:
act
- apply
- arm
- bill
- breach
- break
- bring in
- carry
- date back to
- date from
- defy
- effect
- enact
- enforce
- equal
- fingertip
- frame
- framework
- full-fledged
- go through
- implement
- infringe
- infringement
- introduce
- introduction
- jungle
- keep
- law
- legal
- letter
- liberal
- move
- muscle
- obey
- observance
- observe
- pass
- passing
- provoke
- repeal
- repudiate
- reversal
- revival
- revive
- scope
- section
- sod
- stand
- state
- statutory

* * *

ley nf

1. [norma] law;
[parlamentaria] act;
Comp

hecha la ley, hecha la trampa laws are made to be broken;

leyes [derecho] law

Comp
ley de extranjería immigration law;
ley de fugas = illegal execution of prisoner, pretending that he was shot while trying to escape;

ley fundamental basic law, constitutional law;

ley de incompatibilidades = act regulating which other positions may be held by people holding public office;

ley marcial martial law;
Pol ley marco framework law; Pol ley orgánica organic law; Hist ley sálica Salic law;
ley seca prohibition law;
Dep ley de la ventaja advantage (law);
aplicar la ley de la ventaja to play the advantage

2. [precepto religioso] law

Comp
la ley coránica Koranic law;
la ley judía Jewish law

3. [principio] law

Comp
Fam ley del embudo one law for oneself and another for everyone else;
la ley del más fuerte the survival of the fittest;

la ley del mínimo esfuerzo: [m5] seguir la ley del mínimo esfuerzo to take the line of least resistance;

ley natural law of nature;

ley de la oferta y de la demanda law of supply and demand;

la ley de la selva the law of the jungle;

la ley del talión an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth;

no cree en la ley del talión she doesn't believe in “an eye for an eye”;

ley de vida: [m5] es ley de vida it's a fact of life

4.
la ley [la justicia] the law;

la igualdad ante la ley equality before the law;

Comp
Fam
con todas las de la ley: ganaron con todas las de la ley they won fair and square;

Comp

ser de ley [situación] to be right and proper;
[persona] to be totally trustworthy
5. [de metal precioso]
de ley [oro] = containing the legal amount of gold;
[plata] sterling;
Comp

de buena ley reliable, sterling;

Comp

de mala ley crooked, disreputable

* * *

ley

f law;

es la ley del más fuerte might is right;

una ley no escrita an unwritten law;

con todas las de la ley fairly and squarely

* * *

ley nf

1) : law

fuera de la ley: outside the law

la ley de gravedad: the law of gravity

2) : purity (of metals)

oro de ley: pure gold

* * *

ley n law

Spanish-English dictionary > ley
14 युद्ध _yuddha

युद्ध p. p.

1 Fought, encountered.

-2 Conquered, subdued.

-द्धम् [युध्-भावादौ क्त]

1 War, battle, fight, engagement, contest, struggle, combat; वत्स केयं वार्ता युद्धं युद्धमिति U.6.

-2 (In astr.) The opposition or con- flict of planets.

-Comp. -अवसानम् cessation of hosti- lities, a truce.

-अवहारिकम् booty; युद्धावहारिकं यच्च पितुः स्यात् स हरेत् तु तत् Mb.13.47.49.

-आचार्यः a military preceptor; Ms.3.162.

-उद्योगः, -उद्यमः vigorous or warlike preparations.

-उपकरणम् a war-implement.

-उन्मत्त a. frantic in battle.

-कारिन् a. fighting, contending.

-गान्धर्वम् battle-music.

-तन्त्रम् military science.

-द्यूतम् chance of war.

-ध्यानः battle-cry.

-भूः, -भूमिः f. a battle-field.

-मार्गः military strata- gems or tactics, manœuvres.

-योजक a. eager for battle.

-रङ्गः 1 a battle-field, battle arena.

-2 N. of Kārtikeya.

-वर्णः a sort of battle.

-वस्तु n. an implement of war.

-विद्या, -शास्त्रम् military science or art, science of war.

-वीरः 1 a warrior, hero, champion.

-2 (in Rhet.) the sentiment of heroism arising out of military prowess, the sentiment of chivalrous heroism; see S. D.234 and R. G. under युद्धवीर.

-व्यतिक्रमः violation of the rules of combat.

-शीलिन् a. heroic, valiant.

-सारः a horse. -a. provoking (as speech).

Sanskrit-English dictionary > युद्ध _yuddha
15 ПРОЦЕДУРНАЯ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ

@ заседание

процедурная терминология
meeting (formal) @ открытое заседание
процедурная терминология
public, open meeting @ закрытое заседание
процедурная терминология
closed, private meeting @ пленарное заседание
процедурная терминология
(coll. пленарка) plenary meeting @ встреча на высшем уровне
процедурная терминология
summit meeting @ съезд
процедурная терминология
convention/conference @ конференция
процедурная терминология
conference @ правление
процедурная терминология
board of governors @ совет директоров
процедурная терминология
board of directors @комитет
процедурная терминология
committee @комиссия
процедурная терминология
commission @ подкомитет, подкомиссия
процедурная терминология
subcommittee, subcommission @ специальный комитет
процедурная терминология
ad hoc committee @ редакционный комитет
процедурная терминология
drafting/editorial committee @ круглый стол
процедурная терминология
round table @ рабочая группа
процедурная терминология
working group/party @собраться
процедурная терминология
to meet @заседать
процедурная терминология
to hold a meeting @ собрать заседание
процедурная терминология
to call/convene a meeting @ учредить комитет @создать комитет
процедурная терминология
to establish/found/set up a committee @ назначить представителя
процедурная терминология
to appoint a representative @ поручить комитету
процедурная терминология
to charge/entrust a committee with something @ торжественное открытие
процедурная терминология
formal opening/ceremony/session @ заключительное заседание
процедурная терминология
final/closing meeting @ совместное заседание
процедурная терминология
joint meeting @ постоянный комитет
процедурная терминология
main standing committee @ зарегистрироваться на конгрессе
процедурная терминология
to register at a congress @ принимающая страна
процедурная терминология
host country @ приглашающая страна
процедурная терминология
inviting country @составить программу работы @выработать программу работы
процедурная терминология
to draw up the program of work @крайний срок @срок подачи
процедурная терминология
deadline @ заблаговременно
процедурная терминология
in sufficient time/early enough/in good time @ штаб-квартира
процедурная терминология
headquarters @ официальные языки
процедурная терминология
official languages @ рабочие языки
процедурная терминология
working languages @ условия назначения
процедурная терминология
terms and conditions of appointment @ суточные
процедурная терминология
per diem @ командировочные
процедурная терминология
travel, subsistence allowance @ конституция
процедурная терминология
constitution @ устав
процедурная терминология
charter @ Заключительный акт
процедурная терминология
Final Act @ пакт
процедурная терминология
covenant, pact @ договор
процедурная терминология
treaty @соглашение @договоренность
процедурная терминология
agreement @декларация @заявление
процедурная терминология
declaration @ кодекс
процедурная терминология
code @ правила процедуры
процедурная терминология
rules of procedure @ предварительная повестка дня
процедурная терминология
provisional agenda @ включить в повестку дня
процедурная терминология
to include on the agenda @ быть в повестке дня
процедурная терминология
to appear on the agenda @ пункт повестки дня
процедурная терминология
agenda item @ прочие вопросы @разное
процедурная терминология
other matters/other business/ miscellaneous @ расписание
процедурная терминология
timetable/schedule @ резолюция
процедурная терминология
resolution @ проект
процедурная терминология
(резолюции, доклада) draft (resolution, report) @ решение
процедурная терминология
decision @ доклад
процедурная терминология
report @ совместный
(доклад, резолюция) joint
@ основной доклад
процедурная терминология
keynote address @ вступительное слово/речь
процедурная терминология
opening address @ заключительное слово
процедурная терминология
closing/concluding remarks @ рабочий документ
процедурная терминология
working paper/document @ тезисы доклада
процедурная терминология
abstract @ обзор
процедурная терминология
survey, review @ выступление
statement

Syn:

сообщение заявление
@ сводка
процедурная терминология
abstract, summary
Syn:

конспект, резюме
@ вести протокол
процедурная терминология
to take the minutes @стенографический отчет @полный отчет
verbatim record
@ машинописное бюро
процедурная терминология
typing pool @ список ораторов
процедурная терминология
list of speakers @ поправка
процедурная терминология
amendment @ добавление
процедурная терминология
addition, addendum @ вставка
процедурная терминология
insertion @ исключение @ изъятие
процедурная терминология
deletion @ разрабатывать
процедурная терминология
produce, prepare, draw up, draft a
Syn:

подготавливать
@ редактировать документ
процедурная терминология
document @ рассматривать
процедурная терминология
( документ) to consider @ первоначальный текст
процедурная терминология
original text @ договаривающиеся стороны
процедурная терминология
contracting parties @ быть участником конвенции
процедурная терминология
to be a party to a convention @ присоединиться к конвенции
процедурная терминология
to adhere/accede to a convention @ присоединение
процедурная терминология
accession @ с оговорками
процедурная терминология
with reservations @ безоговорочно
процедурная терминология
without reservations, unconditionally @ войти в силу @ вступить в силу
процедурная терминология
to enter into force @ осуществлять конвенцию
процедурная терминология
to apply, implement, put into effect a convention @ выполнять положения конвенции
процедурная терминология
to implement provisions @ нарушать положения (конвенции)
процедурная терминология
to violate provisions (of a convention) @ глава делегации
процедурная терминология
head of delegation @ Полномочный представитель
процедурная терминология
Plenipotentiary representative @ с правом голоса
процедурная терминология
with a right to vote @ наблюдатель
процедурная терминология
observer @ заместитель
процедурная терминология
deputy @ ревизор
процедурная терминология
auditor @ должным образом уполномоченный
процедурная терминология
duly authorized @ присутствовать
процедурная терминология
to attend/be present @ членство
процедурная терминология
membership @ состав
процедурная терминология
(делегации, конференции)
composition/membership (of a delegation, conference)
@ действовать в качестве
процедурная терминология
to act as... @ полномочия
credentials
@ верительные грамоты
процедурная терминология
credentials @ должность
процедурная терминология
post/job/position @ должностные лица
процедурная терминология
officials @ председатель
процедурная терминология
chairman, president @ госпожа председатель
процедурная терминология
Madam Chairman/Chairwoman @ заместитель председателя
процедурная терминология
vice-chairman, vice-president @ докладчик
процедурная терминология
rapporteur @ срок полномочий
процедурная терминология
term of office @ занимать должность
процедурная терминология
to be in office @ казначей
процедурная терминология
treasurer @ сотрудники
процедурная терминология
staff/associates @ зал заседаний
процедурная терминология
conference hall @ трибуна
процедурная терминология
rostrum @ поставить вопрос на голосование
процедурная терминология
to put a question to a vote @ приступить к голосованию
процедурная терминология
to proceed to a vote @ голосовать
процедурная терминология
to vote @ воздержаться
процедурная терминология
to abstain @ голос за
процедурная терминология
affirmative vote, in favor @ голос против
процедурная терминология
negative vote, opposed @ равенство голосов
процедурная терминология
a tie vote @ единодушное голосование
процедурная терминология
unanimous vote @ тайное голосование
процедурная терминология
secret ballot @ поименное голосование
процедурная терминология
roll call vote @ избирательный бюллетень
процедурная терминология
ballot paper @ требуемое большинство
процедурная терминология
required majority @ выступить по мотивам голосования
процедурная терминология
to explain one's vote @ выставить свою кандидатуру
процедурная терминология
to put forward/propose one's candidacy @ предложить кандидатуру
процедурная терминология
to nominate @ отложить
процедурная терминология
(голосование, заседание) to defer, postpone @отсрочить
(голосование, заседание) to defer, postpone
@ наложить вето
процедурная терминология
to veto @ заседание объявляется открытым
процедурная терминология
the meeting is called to order @ комитет заседает
процедурная терминология
the committee is meeting @ объявить дискуссию открытой
процедурная терминология
to declare the discussion open @возобновить
процедурная терминология
ПРОЦЕДУРНАЯ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ заседание - to resume meeting
ПРОЦЕДУРНАЯ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ прения - to resume debate
@ общие прения
процедурная терминология
general debate @ перейти к существу вопроса
процедурная терминология
to come to the substance of the matter @ предоставить слово
процедурная терминология
to call upon/give the floor @ слово предоставляется делегату...
процедурная терминология
to recognize @ просить слова
процедурная терминология
to ask for the floor @ дать слово
процедурная терминология
to give the floor to @ получить слово
процедурная терминология
to get, have the floor @ выступать
процедурная терминология
to take the floor/speak @ Кто еще хотел бы выступить?
процедурная терминология
Are there any other speakers/ Would anyone else like (to take) the floor/ Are there any further contributions? @ оставить за собой право ответить позже
процедурная терминология
to reserve one's right to answer at a later stage @ комитету представлен доклад...
процедурная терминология
the Committee has a report before it/a report has been presented/ submitted to the Committee @произнести речь @выступить
процедурная терминология
to make/deliver a speech @ первым выступит профессор Иванов
процедурная терминология
Professor Ivanov is the/our first speaker/ The first speaker is Professor Ivanov @ высказать замечание
процедурная терминология
to make a remark/comment @ мое правительство поручило мне...
процедурная терминология
My government has instructed me... @ сделать заявление в личном порядке
процедурная терминология
to make a statement in a personal capacity @ выступая в качестве...
процедурная терминология
I speak in my capacity as... @ принимать во внимание
процедурная терминология
to take into consideration @ возражать
процедурная терминология
to object @ возражение
процедурная терминология
objection @ ссылаться на
процедурная терминология
(статью, документ) to invoke/refer to an article, document @ в порядке уточнения
процедурная терминология
on a point of clarification @ принимать @ одобрить
процедурная терминология
(предложение, доклад) to adopt/approve a proposal, report @ внести предложение @ внести резолюцию
процедурная терминология
to make a proposal/submit a motion/to move @ внести поправку
процедурная терминология
to make an amendment @ выступить по порядку ведения заседания
процедурная терминология
to raise a point of order @ высказаться за предложение
процедурная терминология
to speak for a proposal @ высказаться против предложения
to speak against a proposal
@ снять предложение
процедурная терминология
to withdraw a proposal @ закрыть заседание
процедурная терминология
to close/adjourn a meeting @ принимает
adopts (e.g. program of action)
@ утверждает
процедурная терминология
adopts (e.g. program of action) @ признает, что
процедурная терминология
acknowledges that @ утверждает, что @подчеркивает, что
affirms that
@ обращается с призывом к
процедурная терминология
appeals to @ назначает
процедурная терминология
appoints Mr. X as @ выражая признательность
процедурная терминология
appreciating @ заверяет народ и правительство
процедурная терминология
assures the people and government @ в своем глубоком сочувствии
процедурная терминология
deep of its sympathy @ сознавая
процедурная терминология
aware of @ учитывая @ принимая во внимание
процедурная терминология
bearing in mind/considering @ считает, что @ полагает, что
процедурная терминология
believes/considers that @ по-прежнему считая, что
процедурная терминология
continuing to believe that @ будучи озабоченным тем, что
процедурная терминология
concerned about @ осуждает
процедурная терминология
condemns @ поздравляет
процедурная терминология
congratulates @ будучи убежден в том, что
процедурная терминология
convinced that @ объявляет, что
declares that
@ заявляет, что
states that
@ провозглашает, что
процедурная терминология
states, proclaims that @ выражает глубокое сожаление
процедурная терминология
deeply deplores/regrets that @ с сожалением отмечает, что
процедурная терминология
regrets/notes with regret @ объявляет
designates (i.e. June X as World X Day)
@провозглашает
процедурная терминология
proclaims (i.e. June X as World X Day) @ констатирует, что
процедурная терминология
determines that @ обращает внимание на
процедурная терминология
draws attention to @ подчеркивает
процедурная терминология
emphasizes/stresses/underlines @ поощряет @ поддерживает
процедурная терминология
encourages, supports @ одобряет
процедурная терминология
endorses (i.e. proposal) @ создает @ учреждает
процедурная терминология
establishes (an organization) @ выражает свое
процедурная терминология
expresses its
удовлетворение - satisfaction
признательность - appreciation благодарность - gratitude озабоченность - concern сочувствие - sympathy сожаление - regret решимость - determination @ выражает мнение, что
процедурная терминология
expresses the view that @ принимает сведению
процедурная терминология
notes (having noted) @ приняв к сведению
having noted
@ настаивает на том, чтобы
процедурная терминология
insists that @ настоятельно призывает
процедурная терминология
urgently requests @ руководствуясь
процедурная терминология
inspired by, guided by @ предлагает
proposes
@ просит
invites, requests
@ призывает
процедурная терминология
calls on @ ожидает с интересом @ надеется
процедурная терминология
looks forward to @ вновь подчеркивает @ вновь заявляет
процедурная терминология
reaffirms @ поручает
процедурная терминология
entrusts/authorize @

Словарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > ПРОЦЕДУРНАЯ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ
16 действие

ср.
1) action, operation театр военных действий ≈ the theatre of war/operations продление срока действия ≈ prolongation/extension of the term вводить закон в действие ≈ to implement a law, to put a law in force, to carry a law into effect, to invoke a law предоставлять кому-л. свободу действий ≈ to give smb. free hand готовый к действию ≈ effective свобода действий ≈ free play, freedom of action ближнего действия ≈ short-range военные действия ≈ military operations, hostilities штурмовые действия ≈ ground support action насильственные действия ≈ violent acts полезное действие ≈ efficiency, duty (машины) срок действия ≈ period of validity приводить в действие ≈ (что-л.) to put in action, to set going - место действия
2) (влияние) influence, effect оказывать действие под действием усиливающий действие
3) мн. действия (поведение, поступки) activity ед.;
activities;
conduct ед.;
dealing, doing сознательные действия
4) театр. act
5) мат. operation четыре действия арифметики ≈ four rules of arithmetic

действи|е - с.
1. action;
(деятельность тж.) activity;
activities pl. ;
руководство к ~ю а guide to action;
план ~й plan of action;
самовольные ~я arbitrary action(s) ;

2. (о работе механизма и т. п.) operation, functioning;
в ~и in operation;
вступать в ~ (о заводе и т. п.) come* into operation;
be* commissioned;
(о контракте) come* into force;
приходить в ~ come* into operation;
~ кишечника movement of the bowels;

3. (применение на практике) effect;
ввести закон в ~ put* the law into effect;

4. (воздействие) effect;
под ~ем under the influence;

5. (события) action;
~ происходит в Москве the scene is laid in Moscow;

6. театр. act;
пьеса в пяти ~ях five-act play;

7. мат. operation, process;
четыре ~я арифметики the four rules of arithmetic;
военные ~я hostilities;
(military) operations.

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > действие
17 выполнить

1) General subject: abide (abide by rules - твёрдо держаться правил), accomplish, acquit (обязанность, обязательство), attend, carry out, discharge, do, effect, execute, fill, go through (with; обещание, договор, условие), perform, put through (работу), realize, redeem, satisfy, stand by, stand to (обещание и т. п.), call up, implement, get it done

2) Geology: fill with

3) Colloquial: put through (работу, поставленную задачу)

4) American: encompass

5) Military: TBM to be made

6) Engineering: fulfill

7) Religion: conform

8) Information technology: run

9) Patents: pursue

10) American English: form

11) Makarov: face out (что-л.)

12) SAP.tech. complete

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > выполнить
18 Garantiearbeiten

Garantiearbeiten
warranty work;
• Garantieausschluss exclusion of warranty;
• Garantiebegünstigter beneficiary under a guarantee (Br.);
• Garantiebestimmungen terms of a guarantee (Br.), warranty rules;
• Garantiebetrag amount guaranteed, caution money (Br.);
• Garantiedepot collateral security (guaranty);
• Garantiedurchschrift copy of guarantee (Br.);
• Garantieeinschränkungen (auf Formular) fine print;
• Garantieempfänger guarantee (Br.), warrantee;
• Garantieerklärung (Freistellung) bond, (Scheck) certification (US), (schriftlich) guarantee bond (Br.), guaranty (US), warranty;
• Garantieerklärungen (vertragliche Zusicherungen) representations;
• schriftliche Garantieerklärung guaranteed bond (Br.), (gegen Transportschaden) letter of indemnity;
• Garantiefonds (Bankwesen) guarantee (Br.) (guaranty, US) fund, contingency fund;
• Garantiefondszeichner underwriter;
• Garantieforderung guarantee claim;
• Garantiefrist term (period) of guarantee (Br.), guaranteed period;
• Garantiegeber guarantor, warrantor;
• Garantiegesellschaft surety (guaranty) company (US), guarantee association (Br.);
• Garantiegewährung granting a guarantee (Br.);
• Garantiehaftung guarantee [liability] (Br.), guaranty;
• Garantiehöhe amount guaranteed, caution money (Br.);
• Garantieinanspruchnahme service under a guarantee (Br.);
• Garantieklausel clause of warranty, warranty clause;
• Garantieklausel für versteckte Mängel latent-defect clause;
• Garantiekonsortium underwriters, underwriting syndicate (consortium);
• Garantiekosten warranty costs;
• Garantieleistung guarantee (Br.), guaranty (US), surety[ship], warranty service;
• Garantielohn guaranteed wage;
• Garantiemittel guarantee fund;
• Garantienehmer guarantee (Br.), warrant creditor;
• einer Garantiepflicht nachkommen to implement a guarantee (Br.).

Business german-english dictionary > Garantiearbeiten
19 law

n

закон, право; законодательство, правовая норма

to abide by the law — соблюдать закон

to abolish / to abrogate a law — отменять закон

to abuse the law — нарушать закон

to acquire force of the law — приобретать силу закона

to act outside the law — поступать незаконно

to act within the law — действовать в рамках закона

to adhere strictly to the law — строго придерживаться закона

to administer law — отправлять / осуществлять правосудие

to adopt a law — принимать / утверждать закон

to alter / to amend a law — вносить поправки в закон

to annul a law — отменять закон

to apply a law — применять закон

to apply the law to the present case — применять закон к данному делу

to be above the law — быть неподсудным / выше закона / над законом

to be against the law — противоречить закону

to be at law with smb — судиться с кем-л.

to be equal before the law — быть равным перед законом

to be exempt from the law — быть неподсудным / неподвластным закону

to be in accordance with the law — отвечать нормам права

to be recognized in international law — получать международно-правовое признание

to be under martial law — быть на военном положении

to become law — становиться законом

to break a law — нарушать / преступать закон

to bring the force of the law against smb — использовать силу закона против кого-л.

to cancel the martial law — отменять военное положение

to comply with law — соблюдать закон

to contradict existing laws — противоречить существующим законам

to contravene a law — нарушать закон; противоречить закону

to decide one's own laws — определять свое собственное законодательство

to declare martial law — вводить военное положение

to defy law — не подчиняться закону, игнорировать закон

to deny the laws of social development — отрицать закономерности общественного развития

to destabilize law and order — дестабилизировать правопорядок

to displace the law — изменять закон

to draw up a law — разрабатывать закон / законопроект

to drop a law — отменять закон

to enact a law — принимать закон

to enact legislation into law — принимать законопроект, придавать законопроекту силу закона

to enforce law — обеспечивать выполнение закона, следить за соблюдением закона

to enhance international law — повышать роль международного права

to ensure law and order — обеспечивать соблюдение правопорядка

to establish nation-wide martial law — вводить в стране военное положение

to except from the operation of a law — изымать из-под действия закона

to execute a law — исполнять закон

to find ways around the law — обходить закон

to flout law — попирать / не выполнять закон

to follow the law — следовать закону

to go beyond the law — совершать противозаконный поступок; обходить закон

to go to the law — обращаться в суд

to guarantee law and order — гарантировать правопорядок

to have the force of a law — иметь силу закона

to hide from law — скрываться от правосудия

to honor the law — уважать / соблюдать закон

to implement a law — выполнять закон; вводить закон в действие

to impose nation-wide martial law — вводить в стране военное положение

to infringe law — нарушать / преступать закон

to institute / to introduce law — вводить закон

to introduce a wartime emergency law — вводить чрезвычайный закон военного времени

to introduce martial law — вводить военное положение

to invoke law — обращаться к закону

to issue a law — обнародовать закон

to keep law and order — соблюдать правопорядок

to keep in with the law — подчиняться закону, не нарушать закон

to keep the law — соблюдать закон

to keep within the law — держаться в рамках / придерживаться закона

to lay down the law — распоряжаться, командовать

to lift martial law — отменять военное положение

to make a law — издавать закон; составлять закон

to monitor application of a law — следить за применением закона

to nourish the rule of law — укреплять власть закона

to observe the law — соблюдать закон

to offend against the law — нарушать закон

to operate a law in practice — применять закон на практике

to override law — не признавать закон, не считаться с законом

to overstep the law — выходить за рамки законности

to overturn a law — отменять закон

to pass a law — принимать / утверждать закон

to place oneself above the law — ставить себя над законом

to practice law — заниматься адвокатурой / юриспруденцией

to proclaim martial law — вводить военное положение

to promote law and public order — укреплять законность и общественный порядок

to promulgate a law — обнародовать закон

to put a law into effect / operation — вводить закон в действие

to put one's proposals into law — включать свои предложения в закон

to read law — изучать право

to reconsider a law — пересматривать закон

to re-draft a law — переделывать закон

to re-establish the rule of law — восстанавливать законность

to reform a law — изменять закон

to relax a law — смягчать закон

to repeal a law — отменять закон

to respect the laws and customs of a country — уважать законы и обычаи страны

to revise a law — пересматривать закон

to rush a law — протаскивать закон ( через парламент)

to scrap a law — отменять закон

to set oneself above the law — ставить себя выше закона

to stay within the law — оставаться в рамках закона

to strike down a law — не утвердить закон ( в Верховном суде США)

to study law — изучать право

to submit oneself to the law — передавать себя в руки закона

to subvert the law — подрывать закон

to suspend a law — приостанавливать действие закона

to take the law in(to) one's own hands — устраивать самосуд

to take the law of smb — привлекать кого-л. к суду

to tighten (up) a law — ужесточать закон

to unmake a law — отменять закон

to uphold the law — отстаивать закон

to use the full force of the law — использовать всю силу закона

to veto a law — налагать вето на закон

to violate a law — нарушать / преступать / попирать закон

to waive a law — не применять закон

- a new law comes into force
- abuse of the law
- according to the law
- active law
- administration of laws
- administrative law
- air law
- ambassadorial law
- amnesty law
- antilabor law
- antipollution law
- antismoking law
- antiterrorist law
- antitrust laws
- application of the law

- banking law
- basic law
- binding in law
- breach of law
- breakdown of law and order
- business law
- by law
- campaign-financing laws
- canon law
- case law
- changes to the electoral law
- child-labor laws
- civil law
- clemency law
- club law
- code of international law

- commercial law
- common law
- company law
- compliance with law
- conflict of interest law
- conflict with the law
- conscription law
- constitutional law
- consular law
- contrary to law
- contrary to military law
- controversial law
- conventional international law
- cosmic law
- court of law
- criminal law
- crown law
- customary law
- definite law
- development of international law
- discriminatory law
- disdain for the law
- disregard of the law
- doctor of law
- domestic law
- draft law
- ecclesiastical law
- economic law
- economic laws of the development of society
- election law
- electoral law
- emergency law
- enforcement of a law
- existent laws
- existing laws
- export control law
- extension of martial law
- extradition law
- family law
- federal laws
- force of law

- freeze on the implementation of the law
- fundamental law
- general international law
- general law
- gun control law
- gun law prevails
- gun law
- humanitarian law
- immigration laws
- in British law
- in conformity with the law
- in law
- in the eyes of the law
- individual labor law
- infringement of the laws
- institutions of international law
- internal law
- internal security laws
- international administrative law
- international humanitarian law
- international law
- international monetary law
- international private law
- international public law
- international trade law
- international treaty law
- interstate commerce laws
- inviolable law
- irreversible law
- Islamic holy laws
- Jim Crow law
- judicial law
- jungle law
- labor laws
- land law
- language law
- law and order

- law comes into force
- law goes through
- law is in force
- law is invalid
- law is subject to yearly review
- law is the law
- law merchant
- law must be upheld
- law of actions
- law of civil procedure
- law of conflicts
- law of contracts
- law of criminal procedure
- law of international trade
- law of nations
- law of nature
- law of property
- law of state responsibility
- law of succession
- law of the land
- law of the sea
- law of treaties
- law of value
- law on leasing
- law on religion
- law on smth
- law provides for
- law should follow its normal course
- laws and customs
- laws and regulations
- laws are being ignored
- laws governing social development
- laws governing the economy
- laws in force
- laws of historical development of society
- laws of honor
- laws restraining the press
- local law
- loop-hole in the law
- Lynch law
- maritime law
- maritime safety law
- martial law is in force
- martial law
- military law
- minions of law
- municipal law
- national law
- natural law
- nature laws
- no-knock search law
- object of international law
- objective economic laws
- objective laws
- observance of the laws
- offence of law
- outer space law
- passage of the law
- penal law
- political law
- power to execute laws
- press law
- principles of law
- private international law
- private law
- property law
- provision in the law
- public international law
- public law
- race law
- racist law
- responsibility under international law

- restoration of the rule of law
- retreat of the law
- right-to-know law
- right-to-work laws
- rules of law
- secession law
- security law
- segregation law
- settled law
- shield laws
- slip law
- source of law
- space law
- state law
- statute law
- strict observance of the law
- subject of international law
- substantive law
- sunset law
- sunshine law
- system of law
- the spirit and the letter of the law
- under an amnesty law
- under local law
- under the law
- under the new law
- universal historical laws
- vagrancy law
- valid in law

- violation of international law

- wage-restraint law
- war-time laws
- within bounds of international law

Politics english-russian dictionary > law
20 failure

нездійснення, невиконання; неспроможність; неплатоспроможність; нестача, відсутність; невдала спроба; невдала справа; невдаха; аварія, поломка, вихід з ладу; поразка; припинення платежів

failure of one party to observe the terms of a treaty — невиконання стороною умов міжнародної угоди

failure to carry out his practice in accordance with established standard — нездатність практикувати у відповідності з встановленими нормами

failure to control subordinates — нездатність керувати підлеглими

failure to follow established rules — недотримання прийнятих (встановлених) норм ( або правил)

failure to furnish medical treatment — ненадання належної медичної допомоги, ненадання належного лікування

failure to furnish proper shelter — ненадання належного притулку (прихистку)

failure to implement an obligation — невиконання зобов'язання ( за угодою)

failure to keep within time limit — недотримання (порушення) граничного терміну

failure to observe safety regulations — недотримання правил безпеки

failure to perform a legal duty — невиконання правового обов'язку

failure to raise objections to the indictment — неподання заперечень проти обвинувачення

failure to raise objections to the indictment at the appropriate time — неподання заперечень щодо обвинувачення у визначений період

failure to report a dubious transaction — = failure to report a suspicious transaction неповідомлення про сумнівну операцію ( банківську тощо)

failure to report a suspicious transaction — = failure to report a dubious transaction

failure to return foreign exchange resources — ( from abroad) неповернення валютних коштів ( з-за кордону)

failure to secure Senate approval — неотримання згоди Сенату ( Конгресу США)

failure to stop after an accident — незупинка ( автомобіля) після того, як трапилася дорожньо-транспортна пригода

- failures
- failure in duties
- failure of a putsch
- failure of consideration
- failure of evidence
- failure of issue
- failure of justice
- failure of negotiation
- failure of negotiations
- failure of proof
- failure of title
- failure of trust
- failure rate
- failure to act
- failure to adopt
- failure to appear
- failure to appear for trial
- failure to carry out
- failure to comply
- failure to deliver
- failure to fulfil
- failure to fulfill
- failure to give
- failure to give assistance
- failure to give evidence
- failure to give information
- failure to inform
- failure to make discovery
- failure to obey
- failure to pass
- failure to pay a debt
- failure to pay a fine
- failure to pay salaries
- failure to pay wages
- failure to pay
- failure to pay taxes
- failure to perform
- failure to prevent
- failure to produce
- failure to prove
- failure to repay a debt
- failure to report
- failure to report an offence
- failure to report an offense
- failure to secure approval
- failure to submit
- failure to take due care
- failure to take the stand
- failure to testify
- failure to work an invention

English-Ukrainian law dictionary > failure

Страницы

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