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1 σκια
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `shade' (Od.), also `variegated hem or edging of a dress' (hell. inschr. a. pap., Men.; Wilhelm Glotta 14, 82 f.).Other forms: ion. - ιήCompounds: E.g. σκια-τροφέω, - έομαι (Ion. σκιη-), Att. etc. also σκια - τραφέω, - έομαι (: σκια-τραφής like εὑτραφής a. o.; to τραφῆναι) `to live or to raise in the shadow, indoors, to grow up pampered' (IA.; after βου-κολέω a. o., Schwyzer 726); βαθύ-σκιος `with deep shadow, deeply shaded' (h. Merc. a. o.), κατά-, ἐπί-σκιος a. o. beside κατα-, ἐπι-σκιάζω; on δολιχό-σκιος s. δολιχός (aa. to am other interpretation [Prellwitz, also Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 119 f. w. n. 1 with Leumann] `with long ash').Derivatives: 1. σκιάς, - άδος f. `shade-roof, tent-roof, pavilion', also name of a θόλος in Athens etc. (Eup., Theoc., Att. inscr. a.o.). 2. σκιάδ-ιον n. `sunscreen' (com., Thphr. a. o.). 3. - ίσκη f. `id.' (Anacr.). 4. σκί-αινα f. (Arist.), - αινίς f. (Gal.; v. l. σκινίς), - αδεύς m. (hell. a. late) fishn. (after the dark colour, Strömberg 27, s. also Thompson Fishes s. σκίαινα; cf. Bosshardt 69; not correct Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 178 n. 3); to this σκιαθίς `id.' (Epich.), from the island namen Σκίαθος? (Strömberg l. c.). 5. σκι-όεις `rich of shadows, casting shade, shaded' (ep. poet. Il.; favoured by the metre, Schwyzer 527 w. lit., Sjölund Metr. Kürzung 149); - άεις (Hdn.; also Pi. Pae. 6, 17?). 6. - ερός, also - αρός `id.' (esp. ep. poet. Λ 480; Schwyzer 482 w. n. 8 a. lit., Chantraine Form. 230). 7. - ώδης `shadowy, dark' (Hp., E., Arist. a. o.). 8. - ακός `provided with shade' ( ὡρολόγιον Pergam. IIa; Hdn.). 9. - ωτός `provided with a hem (σκιά)' (Peripl. M. Rubr., pap.). -- 10. Denom. verb σκιάω (Od., hell. a. late epic), σκιάζω (IA.), σκιάσαι (Φ 232; after ἐλᾰ́-σαι a.o., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 410; metri. used, s. Debrunner REIE 1, 3), fut. Att. σκιῶ, late σκιάσω, perf. pass. ἐσκίασμαι (Semon., S. a. o.), aor. σκιασθῆναι (E., Pl., Arist.), also w. ἐπι-, κατα-, συν-, περι-, ἀπο-, `to shade, to overshadow, to shroud in darkness' (on the meaning Radermacher Festschr. Kretschmer 163 ff.); from this ( ὑπο-, συ-)σκίασις, ( ἐπι- etc.) σκιασμός, ( ἐπι- etc.) σκίασμα, σκιασ-τής, - τικός (almost always late); as backformations function the bahuvrihi κατα-, ἐπί-σκιος a. o. -- On σκιά and derivv. in Homer and in the Aeol. lyric Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 115ff., 213ff. (for Hom. not convincing).Etymology: Old word for `shadow', which with Alb. hije, Toch. B skiyo `id.' can be identified as IE *sḱii̯ā (Jokl Untersuchungen 63ff. with Meyer, cf. Mann Lang. 28, 39; v. Windekens Orbis 12, 193 with Couvreur Arch. Or. 18, 128). Besides in Indo-Iran. with lengthened grade Skt. chāyā́ f. `shadow', also `image, reflex, semblance', NPers. sāya `shadow' (Av. a-saya- `who throws no shadow': ἄ-σκιος) and with unclear basis Latv. sejs `id.' (Endzelin Zeitschr. slav. Phil. 16, 113f.). The word was orig. inflected with ablaut, approx. * skeh₁ieh₂, gen. * skh₁ieh₂-s (cf. on γλῶσσα). The assumption of IE ā[i]: i was based only on the connection with σκηνή, Dor. σκᾱνά̄ `tent', which is however improbable. -- An n-suffix is seen in Slavic, e.g. OCS sěnь, Russ. sénь f. `shadow' with uncertain vowel (IE ē, oi, ai, ǝi), thus after Jokl a. o. in the very complicated Alban. forms, e.g. hē, (h)ona; to this with r-n-change σκιερός, σκιαρός (Benveniste Origines 14). See Adams Dict. Toch B 706 s.v. skiyo. With t-suffix OIr. scāth `shadow' (after Vendryes Ét. celt. 7, 438 with Fick); diff. s. σκότος. -- Whether the hapaxes σκαιός `shadowy' (Nic. Th. 660) and σκοιός in H. ( σκοιά σκοτεινά, σκοιόν... σύσκιον) can be considered as representatives of a in Greek still existing ablaut (Solmsen Unt. 278 n. 2 [p. 279f.]), is uncertain. -- Mayrhofer EWAia 1, 559 recontructs * skeh₁-ieh₂-, from which the Skt. form can be explained. Lubotsky however, Incontri lingu. 24 (2001), 34f. is not certains about the evidence for h₁, and starts from the oblique cases * skH-ieh₂-, which became *skHii̯- with Sievers, and * skiH-eh₂- with metathesis; this may have been the basis of the Greek form.Page in Frisk: 2,730-731Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκια
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2 bèrdjь
bèrdjь Grammatical information: adj. jo Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `with young, pregnant'Page in Trubačev: I 188-189Church Slavic:brěžda `pregnant' [Nomsgf];Russian:beréžaja (dial.) `in foal' [Nomsgf];berëžaja (dial.) `mare in foal' [Nomsgf]Ukrainian:beréža `with young' [Nomsgf]Czech:březí `with young, pregnant' [Nomsgf]Old Czech:břězí `with young, pregnant' [Nomsgf]Serbo-Croatian:brȅđ (W. dial.) `pregnant, (Cr.) in calf' [adj jo];Čak. brȅja (Orbanići) `pregnant (of a cow), with young' [Nomsgf]Slovene:brẹ́ja `with young' [Nomsgf]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: berʔdiosLithuanian:ber̃(g)ždžias `barren (of a cow)' [adj] 4;ber(g)ždė̃ `barren cow' [f ē]Indo-European reconstruction: bʰerdieh₂IE meaning: pregnantComments: Both *bʰerdʰieh₂ and *bʰerHdʰieh₂ would have yielded forba in Latin (see Nussbaum 1999 for the development of *rdʰ originating from syncope). A proto-form *bʰerHdieh₂ would therefore theoretically be possible. Nussbaum, who considers the connection with OCS brěžda possible, suggests that an original noun *bʰori- > *fori `birther' was expanded to *fori-d- and then hypercharacterized as a feminine (1999: 406).Other cognates: -
3 žel̨a
I. žel̨a I Grammatical information: f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `grief'Old Church Slavic:žel̨a (Supr.) `grief' [f jā]Old Russian:žel̨a `grief' [f jā]Indo-European reconstruction: gʷelH-ieh₂II. žel̨a II Grammatical information: f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `wish'Church Slavic:Serbo-Croatian:žèlja `wish, desire' [f jā], žȅlju [Accs];Čak. željȁ (Vrgada, Novi) `wish, desire' [f jā];Čak. žȅlja, željȁ (Orbanići) `wish, desire' [f jā], žȅljo [Accs]Slovene:žélja `wish, desire' [f jā]Indo-European reconstruction: gʷʰel-ieh₂ -
4 ἅγιος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `holy' (Hdt.).Derivatives: Beside ἅγιος (3-syll.), ἅζομαι (\< *ἅγι̯ομαι) (Il.). `honour' with different development in accordance with the length of the word.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [501] *ieh₂ǵ-Etymology: The connection with Skt. yájati `honour with offers and prayer' is semantically unobjectionable and formally explained by Lubotsky's rule ( MSS 40, 1981, 133-8) that in *ieh₂ǵ- before consonant the glottal element of the (preglottalized) *ǵ was lost. Suffix -iHo- in the noun? Other formation in ἁγνός (Od.). - Not to Lat. sacer (Meillet BSL 21, 126f.).Page in Frisk: 1,10Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἅγιος
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5 βιός
Grammatical information: m.Other forms: rare after Homer, replaced by τόξον.Derivatives: NoneEtymology: To Skt. j(i)yā́, Av. ǰyā `bowstring'. Schindler, Wuzelnomen 20 assumes a root noun * gʷieh₂-, with the Gr. word from * gʷih₂-o- `provided with a bowstring (this depends on the question whether `bowstring' is found in Greek); Schwyzer -Debr. 2,32 n. 4 starts from a fem. o-stem (rather doubtful). Further to Lith. gijà `thread', OCS. ži-ca `string.Page in Frisk: 1,237Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βιός
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6 ζώννυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `gird (oneself)' (Il.).Other forms: - μαι, aor. ζῶσαι, - ασθαι (Il.), fut. ζώσω, perf. med.-pass. ἔζω(σ)μαι, aor. pass. ζωσθῆναι, perf. act. ἔζωκα; - ύω (Hp.).Derivatives: 1. ( διά-, περί-, ὑπό-, σύ-)ζῶμα (hell. also ζῶσμα; s. below and Schwyzer 523) `girdle, loin-cloth' (Il.) with περιζωμάτιον `id.' (hell.) and περιζωματίας `forming a girdle' (of erysipelas; Orib.). 2. ζώνη `girdle', also `waist' (Il.) with the dimin. ζώνιον (Ar., Arist.), - άριον (Comm. in Arist.); ζων-ιαῖος `with the size of a girdle' (Ath. Mech.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 49), ζωνῖτις `striped' ( καδμεία; Dsc.); περιζώνιον, - ίδιον `dagger worn on the girdle' (hell.). 3. ζωστήρ `life-girdle' (Il.; s. v. Wilamowitz Eur. Her. 313, Trümpy, Fachausdrücke 89), often metaph., also as name of a promontory on the west side of Attica (Hdt.) with Ζωστήριος, - ια surname of Apollon and Athena (inscr. Va [Athen, Delphi; v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 164] etc.). 4. ζῶστρα pl. `girdle' (ζ 38), ( δια-, περι-)ζώστρα f. `loin-cloth, head-band' (hell.). 5. ζωτύς (or ζωγύς) θώραξ H. 6. (ἄ-, εὔ- etc.) ζωστός `girded' (Hes.).Etymology: The verbal adjective ζωστός has an exact parallel in Av. yāsta-, Lith. júostas, IE * ieh₃s-tos. In Balto-Slavic we find yot-presents Lith. júosiu (inf. júosti), OCS. po-jašǫ (inf. - jasati) `gird', in Iranian a secondary formation ( aiwi-)yāŋhayeiti `id.' (IE *i̯eh₃seieti). A rest of the athematic root present perhaps in (Thess.) ζούσθω ζωννύσθω H.; it agrees with OLith. 3. sg. pres. juos-ti. There is no agreement for the nasal prssent ζώννυμι \< *ζώσ-νυ-μι (on the phonetics Schwyzer 282 and 312) outside Greek. - Further close agreements are ζῶμα (\< IE *i̯eh₃s-mn̥) and Lith. juosmuõ `loin-, life-girdle' (IE i̯eh₃s-mṓ[n]), ζώνη ( *i̯eh₃s-nā) and Russ.-Csl. po-jasnь `id.' (i̯ōs-ni-); cf. further Skt. rā́snā `girdle' for *yā́snā after raśanā́ `knot, gird' (Wackernagel KZ 46, 272 = Kl. Schr. 1, 290)?; cf. the Kafir forms in Morgenstierne NTS 15, 253 and 280; further Mayrhofer KZ 75. - Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. júosti.Page in Frisk: 1,617-618Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζώννυμι
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7 ζώ-ω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `live' (Il.).Other forms: Homer has only uncontracted forms: ζώω, ζωεις, ζώει, ζωέμεν, ζώοντ-. (*ζάω is a grammarians' construction.)Dialectal forms: Myc. PN zowo, zowijo, prob. \/zōwos, zōwios\/. - Cret. δώ-ω, Att. ζῶ, ζῃ̃ς, ζῃ̃, ζῶμεν etc.., ipf. ἔζων ( ἔζην), ἔζης, -η, inf. ζῆν, fut. ζήσω, - ομαι (beside βιώσομαι), aor. ζῆσαι, ζῶσαι, βιῶσαι), perf. ἔζηκα (Arist.), ptc. ἐζωκότα (Kyzikos) for βεβίωκα (Att.),Compounds: Sometimes with ἀνα-, δια-, ἐπι-. From ζωός: ΖωϜό-θεμις (Cyprus Va; Masson, Beitr. z. Namenforschung 8, 161ff.). ζωγράφος `painter' (without ι?).Derivatives: ζωή (Od.), also ζόη, Dor. ζωά, ζόα, Aeol. ζοΐα (Theoc.) `life'. 2. ζωός ( ζοός, ζώς) `alive' (Il.). ζώϊον, ζῳ̃ον (from ζώς; Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 7) `living being, animal'. ζώσιμος `viable' (late). ( ἀνά-)ζῆσις `reviving' ( Theol. Ar., Dam.). Άζησία (S. Fr. 981), Άζοσία (Epid.) surname of Demeter (? Fraenkel Lexis 3, 59f.)Etymology: Generally derived from a root *gʷiē-, which is impossible as the root was * gʷeih₃-\/ gʷieh₃- (s. βιω-); also the distribution could not be explained. This agrees with the fact that Homer has only (uncontracted) forms ζωε\/ο-. So Attic etc. ζῶ, ζῃ̃ς, ἔζησα must be innovations.Page in Frisk: 1,618-619Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζώ-ω
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8 Ли Те-гуай
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9 це
Chinese: qie (транскрипции по системе Палладия, используемой для передачи кириллицей звуков китайского языка, соответствует данная транскрипция на основе латиницы по системе ханьюй пиньинь), ch'ieh (транскрипции по системе Палладия, используемой для передачи кириллицей звуков китайского языка, соответствует данная транскрипция на основе латиницы по системе Уэйда-Джайлза) -
10 Восемь бессмертных
(в китайской мифологии даосизма святые Люй Дунбинь ( Lu Tung-pin), Ли Тегуай ( Li T'ieh-kuai), Чжунли Цюань ( Chung-li Ch'uan), Чжан Голао ( Chang-kuo Lao), Цао Гоцзю ( Ts'ao Kuo-chiu), Хань Сянцзы ( Han Hsiang-tzu), Лань Цайхэ ( Lan Ts'ai-ho) и Хэ Сяньгу ( Ho Hsien-ku), достигшие бессмертия; добрые волшебники, помогающие людям; объявлены святыми в правлении династии Сун (960-1279)) the Eight Immortals (of Taoism)Русско-английский словарь религиозной лексики > Восемь бессмертных
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11 bràtrьja
bràtrьja; bràtьja Grammatical information: f. jā Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `brothers (coll.)'Page in Trubačev: III 7-8, 9-10Old Church Slavic:Russian:brát'ja `brothers' [Nompm o]Ukrainian:bráttja `brothers (coll.)' [Nompn jo]Czech:bratří (arch.) `brotherhood' [f iā], bratřie (arch.) `brotherhood' [f iā]Old Czech:bratř `brotherhood' [f i]Polish:Lower Sorbian:bratśa (arch., obs.) `brothers (coll.), brotherhood' [f ā]Polabian:brot'ă `brothers' [Nompm o]Serbo-Croatian:brȁća `brothers' [f jā];brȁtja `brothers' [f ā];Čak brȁća (Vrgada) `brothers' [f jā];Čak brȁća (Orbanići) `brothers (and sisters)' [f jā]Slovene:brȃtja `brothers' [f jā]Macedonian:Indo-European reconstruction: bʰreh₂-tr-ieh₂-IE meaning: brotherhoodPage in Pokorny: 164Other cognates:Gk. φρα̑τρία [f] `brotherhood' -
12 bràtьja
bràtrьja; bràtьja Grammatical information: f. jā Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `brothers (coll.)'Page in Trubačev: III 7-8, 9-10Old Church Slavic:Russian:brát'ja `brothers' [Nompm o]Ukrainian:bráttja `brothers (coll.)' [Nompn jo]Czech:bratří (arch.) `brotherhood' [f iā], bratřie (arch.) `brotherhood' [f iā]Old Czech:bratř `brotherhood' [f i]Polish:Lower Sorbian:bratśa (arch., obs.) `brothers (coll.), brotherhood' [f ā]Polabian:brot'ă `brothers' [Nompm o]Serbo-Croatian:brȁća `brothers' [f jā];brȁtja `brothers' [f ā];Čak brȁća (Vrgada) `brothers' [f jā];Čak brȁća (Orbanići) `brothers (and sisters)' [f jā]Slovene:brȃtja `brothers' [f jā]Macedonian:Indo-European reconstruction: bʰreh₂-tr-ieh₂-IE meaning: brotherhoodPage in Pokorny: 164Other cognates:Gk. φρα̑τρία [f] `brotherhood' -
13 dadja
dadja Grammatical information: f. jāPage in Trubačev: -Old Church Slavic:Indo-European reconstruction: dodh₃-ieh₂Page in Pokorny: 223 -
14 ě̑rъ
ě̑rъ II Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: cPage in Trubačev: VIII 178-179Old Church Slavic:Russian:járyj `furious, violent, vehement' [adj o] \{1\}Czech:jarý `young, fresh, wild' [adj o]Slovak:jarý `energetic, fresh, cheerful' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jȃr (RJA) `heated, steep, cruel' [adj o]Slovene:jȃr `furious, savage' [adj o]Page in Pokorny: 501Comments: The connection with Gk. ζωρός `pure, sheer (of wine)' is, of course, merely a possibility. Note that a reconstructed form * ioH-ro- or * ieh₃-ro- would be affected by Hirt's law, which seems to be in conflict with the attested accentuation.Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} AP (c) in Old Russian (Zalziajnak 1985: 138). -
15 ěti
ěti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `go, ride'Page in Trubačev: VIII 183Czech:Old Polish:Upper Sorbian:jěć `ride' [verb]Lower Sorbian:jěś `ride' [verb]Lithuanian:jóti `ride' [verb]Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: ieh₂-Other cognates:Skt. yā́ti `go, travel, move' [verb] -
16 ě̀to
ě̀to Grammatical information: n. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `herd, flock'Page in Trubačev: VIII 182-183Church Slavic:Russian:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jȁto `flock (of birds), swarm, herd' [n o];Čak. jȁto (Vrgada) `flock (of birds), swarm, herd' [n o]Slovene:játọ `herd, flock' [n o];jȃta `herd, flock' [f ā]Bulgarian:játo `flock (of birds)' [n o]Indo-European reconstruction: ieh₂-tómComments: The fixed root stress of this etymon must be due to Hirt's law.Other cognates:Skt. yātá- `progress, course' [n]Notes:- -
17 kuča
kuča Grammatical information: f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `heap'Page in Trubačev: XIII 79Russian:kúča `heap, pile' [f jā];kúča (dial.) `hill, shock, hay-cock' [f jā]Czech:Polish:Slovincian:Serbo-Croatian:kúča `bunch, bundle, forelock, sheaf' [f jā]Indo-European reconstruction: kouk-ieh₂Page in Pokorny: 589 -
18 medjà
medjà Grammatical information: f. jā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `border, boundary, balk'Page in Trubačev: XVIII 45-47Old Church Slavic:Russian:mežá `boundary, boundary-strip' [f jā], mežú [Accs]Ukrainian:mežá `boundary, boundary-strip' [f jā], mežú [Accs]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:mèđa `boundary, border' [f jā], mȅđu [Accs];mejȁ (dial.) `boundary, boundary-strip' [f jā], mejȕ [Accs];Čak. mejȁ (Vrgada) `boundary, border' [f jā], mȅju [Accs]Slovene:méja `boundary, fence, shrub(s), grove' [f jā]Bulgarian:meždá `balk' [f jā]Lithuanian:mẽdžias `forest' [m io]Latvian:Old Prussian:median `wood'Indo-European reconstruction: medʰ-ieh₂Certainty: +Page in Pokorny: 706Other cognates:Skt. mádhya- (RV+) `middle, located in the middle' [adj]; -
19 mьža
mьža Grammatical information: f. jāPage in Trubačev: XXI 179-180Russian:Belorussian:Ukrainian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: mig-i̯aʔIndo-European reconstruction: h₃migʰ-ieh₂IE meaning: mist, cloudPage in Pokorny: 712 -
20 prodadja
prodadja Grammatical information: f. ja Proto-Slavic meaning: `sale, selling'Russian:prodáža `sale, selling' [f ā]Serbo-Croatian:prȍdaja `sale, selling' [f jā]Slovene:prodȃja `sale, selling' [f jā]Indo-European reconstruction: pro-dodh₃-ieh₂Page in Pokorny: 223
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