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1 čakati
čakati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `wait, await, expect'Page in Trubačev: IV 13Old Czech:Slovak:Polish:czakać (Sil. dial.) `wait, await' [verb]Old Polish:czakać `wait, await' [verb]Upper Sorbian:čakać `wait, await' [verb]Lower Sorbian:čakaś `wait, await' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:čȁkati (RJA) `wait, await, expect' [verb];Kajk. čȍkati (Bednja) `wait, await, expect' [verb], čȃokam [1sg]Slovene:čákati `wait, await' [verb], čákam [1sg]Bulgarian:čákam `wait, await' [verb] -
2 čekati
čekati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `wait, await, expect'Page in Trubačev: IV 36-37Church Slavic:Russian:čekát' (S., W. dial.) `wait, await' [verb]Ukrainian:čekáty `wait, await' [verb]Czech:Old Czech:čkáti `wait, await' [verb]Polish:czekać `wait, await' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:čȅkati `wait, await, expect' [verb], čȅkām [1sg];Čak. čȅkati (Vrgada) `wait, await, expect' [verb], čȅkå̄š [2sg];Čak. čȅkat (Orbanići) `wait' [verb], čȅkan [1sg]Macedonian:čéka `wait, await' [verb]Comments: Stang (1961: 68-69) has suggested that čekati is cognate with OPr. kackint `attain', Lith. kàkti `be sufficient' (cf. Toporov PJ 1980: 162-163 for the semantic development). In Slavic, we may originally have had * čekti alongside the intensive *čěkati. According to an older etymology (cf. Vasmer s.v. čekát'), * čeka- is a reduplicated variant of the root * keh₂- that we find in Lat. cārus `dear', MHG huore `whore' (note, however, that according to Schrijver (1996: 98, 112), the -r- belongs to the root here). It seems to me that Stang's scenario is preferable because it offers a solutio for the variation *ček-/čak-. -
3 čàjati
čàjati Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: aPage in Trubačev: IV 10-11Old Church Slavic:Russian:čájat' `expect, hope for' [verb], čáju [1sg], čáet [3sg] \{1\}Serbo-Croatian:čȁjati `wait' [verb]Slovene:čȃjati `wait' [verb], čȃjem [1sg]Indo-European reconstruction: kweh₁i-e/o-Certainty: +Page in Pokorny: 636Comments: Its has been a matter of dispute (see LIV s.v. * kʷei-) whether or not the root contains a laryngeal. Even though Dybo (1968: 205, 234, 236) classifies čajati as (c), it seems to me that the evidence warrants the reconstruction of AP (a), which in my framework implies the former presence of a laryngeal.Other cognates:Skt. cā́yati `perceive, observe' [verb];Notes:\{1\} Also AP (a) in Old Russian, with traces of (c) (Zaliznjak 1985: 133). -
4 xȗdъ
xȗdъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: cPage in Trubačev: VIII 111-113Old Church Slavic:Russian:xudój `thin, lean, bad, full of holes' [adj o];xúže `wor'se' [comp]Czech:chudý `poor, bad, lean' [adj o]Slovak:chudý `thin, lean' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:hȗd (dial.) `bad, evil' [adj o];Čak. hȗt (Orbanići) `leaky, with a hole in it' [adj o], hudȁ [Nomsf], hȗdo [Nomsn]Slovene:hȗd `bad, evil' [adj o], húda [Nomsf]Indo-European reconstruction: ksoud-ó-IE meaning: smallPage in Pokorny: 625Comments: The fact that the root is not acute in Slavic, as one would expect in view of the *-d (Winters's law) is a consequence of Meillet's law.Other cognates:Skt. kṣudrá- `small' [adj]Notes:The fact that the root is not acute in Slavic, as one would expect in view of the *-d (Winters's law) is a consequence of Meillet's law. -
5 domnevati
assume, expect, guess, presume, reckon, suppose, suspect -
6 pričakovati
anticipate, expect, figure -
7 blě̑dъ
blě̑dъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `pale'Page in Trubačev: II 111-112Old Church Slavic:blědъ `pale' [adj o]Russian:bledój (dial.) `pale' [adj o];blëdyj (dial.) `pale' [adj o]Ukrainian:blidýj `pale' [adj o]Czech:bledý `pale' [adj o]Slovak:bledý `pale' [adj o]Polish:Slovincian:bladḯ `pale' [adj o]Upper Sorbian:blědy `pale, bright' [adj o]Lower Sorbian:blědy `pale' [adj o]Serbo-Croatian:blȉjed `pale' [adj o], blijèda [Nomsf];Čak. blȋd (Vrgada) `pale' [adj o], blīdȁ [Nomsf], blȋdo [Nomsn];Čak. bliȇt (Orbanići) `pale' [adj o], bliedȁ [Nomsf]Slovene:blẹ̑d `pale' [adj o]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bloiʔd-(u̯)ó-Lithuanian:blaĩvas `whitish, blue, sober' [adj o] 4Indo-European reconstruction: bʰloid-(u̯)o-Page in Pokorny: 160Comments: In view of Winter's law, we would expect to find traces of a glottalic element in Balto-Slavic. The accentuation of Lith. blaivas - the Proto-Slavic form is mobile and therefore inconclusive - offers no evidence for an original acute, however. Pokorny's reconstruction *bhlǝido-s is impossible for Slavic and *bhleh₂ido-s is incompatible with the mobile accentuation of the adjective in Balto-Slavic.Other cognates: -
8 dȅvętь
dȅvętь Grammatical information: num. i Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `nine'Page in Trubačev: IV 222-223Old Church Slavic:devętь `nine' [num i]Russian:dévjat' `nine' [num i], devjatí [Gens]Czech:devět `nine' [num]Slovak:Polish:dziewięć `nine' [num i]Slovincian:ʒìe̯vjinc `nine' [num]Serbo-Croatian:dȅvēt `nine' [num];Čak. dȅvet (Vrgada, Orbanići) `nine' [num]Slovene:devę̑t `nine' [num]Bulgarian:dévet `nine' [num]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: deu̯inLithuanian:devynì `nine' [num]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁neunIE meaning: ninePage in Pokorny: 318Comments: For Balto-Slavic one would expect *dou̯in, with *eu > *ou before a vowel. The e vocalism may have been reintroduced on the basis of the ordinal * deuno- prior to the development *eu > * iou before consonant (Hamp 1976, Kortlandt 1979: 57). The ordinal was later reshaped into *deu̯ino-. In view of OPr. newīnts `nine', it is possible that the numeral still had initial *n- at the end of the Balto-Slavic period, but German influence cannot be excluded.Other cognates:Skt. náva `nine' [num]; -
9 dȍma
dȍma Grammatical information: adv. Proto-Slavic meaning: `at home'Page in Trubačev: V 66Old Church Slavic:Russian:dóma `at home' [adv]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:dȍma `at home, home' [adv];Čak. dȍma (Vrgada, Orbanići) `at home, home' [adv]Slovene:domȃ `at home' [adv]Indo-European reconstruction: dom-ōuPage in Pokorny: 198 -
10 dojìti
dojìti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `give milk, milk'Page in Trubačev: V 53-54Old Church Slavic:Russian:doít' `milk' [verb], dojú [1sg], doít [3sg];doít' (dial.) `give milk (cow), suckle (calf)' [verb]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:dòjiti `breast-feed, suckle, give milk' [verb], dòjīm [1sg];Čak. dojȉti (Vrgada) `breast-feed, suckle, give milk' [verb], dojĩš [2sg];Čak. dojȉt (Orbanići) `suckle, breast-feed' [verb], dojĩ [3sg]Slovene:dojíti `breast-feed, give milk, milk' [verb], dojím [1sg]Bulgarian:dojá `breast-feed, give milk, milk' [verb]Page in Pokorny: 241Comments: The straightfoward analysis * dʰoiH₁-eie meets with several difficulties. In the first place, one would rather expect * dʰoH₁i-eie in view of forms such as Latv. dêt `suck', where we are dealing with an unextended root. This reconstruction would yield * dajati, however. Skt. dáyati `suckle', has been analyzed as * dʰh₁-eie (see LIV: 142), where the same analysis is applied to OSw. dīa), but this reconstruction cannot account the Slavic form. Klingenschmitt (1982: 148) has suggested for both Slavic *dojìti and Go. daddjan that the formation is built on the present stem, i.e. *dʰ(h₁)éie gave rise to *dʰoi̯éi̯e.Other cognates:Skt. dháyati `suck' [verb]; -
11 ertь
ertь Grammatical information: f. i Proto-Slavic meaning: `strife'Page in Trubačev: -Old Church Slavic:Old Russian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₁er-ti-Comments: If the anlaut of OCS retь does indeed originate from * er- (cf. -> * ernь), we would expect rětь in view of the regular development of * oRC- in South Slavic, cf. ratь `war, battle' (-> * ortь). Nevertheless, the etymology advocated here seems the best option (cf. Toporov 1981: 154). -
12 glę̀dati
glę̀dati Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `look at'Page in Trubačev: VI 122-123Old Church Slavic:ględati `look at, see' [verb], ględajǫ [1sg]Russian:gljádat' (dial.) `look at' [verb]Slovak:Old Polish:ględać `look at' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:glȅdati `look at, see' [verb];Čak. gl̨ȅdati (Vrgada) `look at, see, watch, expect' [verb];Čak. glȅdat (Orbanići) `look, see smth.' [verb]Slovene:glę́dati `look at, see' [verb], glę̑dam [1sg]Bulgarian:glédam `look at' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: ghlendOther cognates:OIr. as:gleinn `examine' [verb] -
13 mara
mara Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `ghost, apparition'Page in Trubačev: XVII 204-207 \{1\}Church Slavic:Russian:mára, mará `apparition, mirage;(dial.) house-sprite, evil spirit' [f ā]Belorussian:mará, mára `dream, apparition, nightmare;(dial.) `witch, demon' [f ā]Ukrainian:mará `apparition, ghost, witch' [f ā]Slovak:Polish:mara `dream, illusion, ghost, (dial.) nightly spirit that attacks people and horses in their sleep' [f ā]Slovincian:Upper Sorbian:Bulgarian:Mára `name of a fairy-tale monster' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: meh₂-reh₂Certainty: +Page in Pokorny: 693Comments: There are basically two views on the origin of *mara. According to a hypothesis put forward by Franck (1904: 129) and advocated by a.o. Schuster-Šewc (885ff), *mara continues PIE *mōrā and differs from *mora only in having lengthened grade. The alternative etymology, which can at least be traced to Zubatý 1894, connects *mara with the root ma- < *meh₂- of majati, mamъ etc. Though it seems at a first glance unsatisfactory to separate *mara from *mora - in Polish, for instance, mara and mora are synonymous -, it is awkward that in most Slavic languages both apophonic variants would occur side by side. Perhaps we have to start from *mara `illusion, apparition' beside *mora `female demon that tortures people with nightmares', which later became confused. This scenario may also offer an explanation for the fact that the accentual paradigm of both words is so hard to determine. We would expect *màra (a) - in view of Hirt's law - beside *morà (b) or (c). Nevertheless we find forms like Ru. móra and mará (beside mára). I think that in this respect, too, we have to reckon with analogy. -
14 pȗstъ
pȗstъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `empty, desolate'Old Church Slavic:Russian:pustój `empty, deserted' [adj o]Czech:pustý `empty, desolate' [adj o]Slovak:pustý `empty, desolate' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:pȗst `empty' [adj o], pústa [Nomsf];Čak. pȗst (Vrgada, Hvar) `empty' [adj o], pūstȁ [Nomsf], pȗsto [Nomsn]Slovene:pȗst `empty, desolate' [adj o]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: poustosOld Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: pous-to-??Comments: If the root were *pe/oh₂u- ( LIV s.v.), we would expect fixed stress on an acute syllable.
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