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41 OHTLICA
ohtlica:En chemin, sur les chemins." in ohtlica, in ahnôzo caltzala ", sur les chemins ou entre les maisons. Sah4,81." îhuân in tlein ohtlica împan mochîuh ", et ce qui leur arriva en chemin - and what befell them on the way. Sah12,33." zan ye ce tlâhuânqui ohtlica îca ômmotzotzonatoh ", d'abord, en chemin, ils se sont heurté à un homme ivre - first they came upon a drunk man in the road. Sah12,33." nohuiyan quitlâliliah in îchiyal in momoztli in ohtlica in ômaxac, nohuiyan chiyalôya ", partout, sur les chemins, aux croisements, on édifiait un tumulus, un lieu où on l'attendait, partout on l'attendait - everywhere they set up his watching his watching place, the mound, by the road, at crossroads. Every where he was awaited. Sah3,12." quiyahuac, ohtlica huâlmotêcpanah ", à la porte et sur le chemin ils vont en bon ordre.Sah2,143." ahnôzo ohtlica canah quinâmiqui: quiyacahuiltequi, îxpan tlaxtlapaloa ", ou bien il le croise quelque part en chemin, il lui passe sous le nez, il passe devant lui - or else he came upon it on the road and it crossed over in front of him and appeared before him. Sah5,165." auh in cihuah tlahuelîlôqueh in mihtoah âhuiyanimeh ahtle înnemamachiliz, huel mîxmana: inic mantinemi in tziccuahcua, in ohtlica in tiyânquizco motzictlahtlâza ", mais les mauvaises femmes, celles qu'on appelle des courtisanes, n'ont pas de pudeur, en public elles vont mâchant de la gomme, en chemin, sur la place du marché, elles font claquer la gomme - but the bad women, those called harlots, (show) no fine feeling, quite publicly they go about chewing chicle along the roads, in the market place clacking like castanets. Sah10,89. -
42 PALEHUIA
palêhuia > palêhuih.*\PALEHUIA v.t. tê-., servir, favoriser, soutenir qqn., l'aider.Esp., ayudar a otro (M)." nêchpalêhuia ", (cela) m'est favorable, avantageux - serme fauorable y prouechosa alguna cosa (M)." in yehhuântin quipalêhuiah têâltiâni ", ceux qui aident celui qui rituellement baigne des esclaves - they who helped the bather of slaves. Sah9,67." ahmo cencah quinpalêhuia in cocoxqueh ", il ne soulage pas beaucoup les malades. Sah11,191." têpahtia, têpalêhuia, teitzmîna, tezo, tezohzo ", elle soigne les gens, elle les soulage, elle les saigne avec une lancette, elle les saigne, elle les saigne en différents endroits.Est dit du tîcîtl. Sah10,53." têpalêhuia ", elle aide les gens - es grovechosa para la gente.Cod Flor XI 114r = ECN11,66 = Acad Hist MS 203r = Sah11,110 (benefits one)." in îxquichtin quipalêhuîzqueh ", tous ceux qui l'assisteront - all who were to assist him. Sah9,33." inic quitlamatilîzqueh quipalêhuîzqueh ", pour qu'ils mettent leur savoir à sa disposition, pour qu'ils l'aident - that they might show him their skill and aid him. Sah4,91." achto yehhuâtl tlayacâna quinpalêhuia in tecolli ", d'abord celui qui préside leur distribue du charbon (semble ici bitransitif)." cuezcontica quiquehquetzaya întech monequiya in îxquichtin quipalêhuiâya inic ahmo âpîzmiquizqueh ", dans des réservoirs à grain il entassait ce qui leur était nécessaire ce qui les aidaient tous à ne pas mourir de faim - using bins he placed about all things required to assist them, that they might not go hungry. Sah9,48 (quipaleuiaia)." yazqueh in tenôchtitlan quipalehuîzqueh in âltepêtl ", ils irons à Tenochtitlan, ils aideront la ville. W.Lehmann 1938,267.*\PALEHUIA v.t. tla-., aider." tlapalêhuiah in cuâcuâcuîltin ", les vieux prêtres apportent leur aide. Sah2,112." têpahtia tlapalêhuia ", il soigne les gens, il aide - cura a la gente, ayuda. Cod Flor XI 114r = ECN11,66 = Acad Hist MS 203r = Sah11,110 teures one, it benefits), est dit d'un remède." tlapalêhuia ", il aide - he helps. Est dit du sage. Sah10,29.he is helpful. Est dit du sorcier nahualli. Sah10,31." tlapalêhuia, têpahtia ", il aide, il guérit - he provides health, restores people. Est dit du médecin. Sah10,30." tlapalêhuia, têpahtia ", il aide, il guérit - alivia, cura a la gente. Est dit du iyauhtli.Cod Flor XI 181r = ECN11,86 = Acad Hist MS 339r = Sah11,192 (it helps, it cures one)." quipalêhuia in tâxix ihcuâc tetzâhua totôniliztica ", il soulage notre urine lorsqu'elle s'épaissit à cause de la fièvre - remedia nuestra orina cuando esta espesa por la fiebre - it helps the urine when it thickens from feber. Est dit de la plante cuauheloquiltic.Cod Flor XI 153r = ECN9,164 = Sah11,160." quipalêhuia in tênacayo in âquin cuâxococihui ", elle soigne le corps (de) celui qui a la gale -she healed the bodies of men, with itch of the head, est dit de Tzapotlan tonân. Sah 1,17.*\PALEHUIA v.réfl., être utile à soi-même, se soigner.Esp., fauorecer y ayudar a mi mesmo (M)." in âquin zan totolcatinemi, ic mopalêhuia, ic temo in totozcac motlâlia alâhuac ahnozo telpan ", celui qui tousse constamment se soigne ainsi, ainsi descendent les glaires qui se sont mis dans notre gorge ou dans notre poitrine - el que anda tociendo constantemente, asi se alivia: con ella (la raiz) sale la flema que se coloca en nuestra garganta o en nuestro pecho. Cod Flor XI 147v = ECN9,154 = Sah11,153 (and he who goes about coughing is helped by it; it lowers the phlem in the throast, settles it perhaps in the chest).Form: 'palêhuia' est rendu dans le dictionnaire de Molina par 'favoriser'. Le mot dérive du substantif 'palli' qui désigne la paume de la main et la plante du pied, et qui comme postposition signifie 'au moyen de, à l'aide de, par la grâce de'. La paume de la main tendue évoque l'idée de l'action d 'offrir, présenter', ce qui pourrait être le sens primitif du verbe 'palêhuia'. Peut-être aussi l'usage du mot espagnol 'favorecer' qui s'emploie poliment pour 'donner' influença la locution aztèque. SGA II 690-6;31.* divers, stützen, begünstigen, helfen. refl. sich sebst nützlich sein, seinen eigenen Nutzen finden. SIS 1950,329. -
43 before
before [bɪˈfɔ:r]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. prepositionb. (place, position) devant• to appear before a court/a judge comparaître devant un tribunal/un juge2. adverb• I said before that... j'ai déjà dit que...3. conjunction• before I come/go/return avant mon arrivée/mon départ/mon retour* * *[bɪ'fɔː(r)] 1.1) ( earlier than) avantsix weeks before then — six semaines avant or auparavant
2) (in order, sequence) avant3) (in importance, priority) avantfor him, work comes before everything else — pour lui le travail passe avant tout
4) ( this side of) avant5) US ( in time expressions)6) ( in front of) devant7) ( confronting) face à2.adjective précédent3.the week/year before — la semaine/l'année précédente
adverb ( at an earlier time) avant4.1) ( in time)before I go, I would like to say that — avant de partir, je voudrais dire que
before he goes, I must remind him that — avant qu'il parte, il faut que je lui rappelle que
it was some time before she was able to walk again — il lui a fallu un certain temps pour pouvoir marcher de nouveau
oh, before I forget... — avant que j'oublie...
2) ( rather than) plutôt que3) ( or else)4) ( as necessary condition) pour que (+ subj)you have to show your ticket before they'll let you in — il faut que tu montres ton ticket pour qu'ils te laissent entrer
••before you know where you are... — on n'a pas le temps de dire ouf que...
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44 both
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45 face
face [feɪs]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. noun4. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. nouna. [of person] visage m• you're lying, it's written all over your face! (inf) tu mens, ça se lit sur ton visage !• to come face to face with [+ person] se trouver nez à nez avec• get out of my face! (inf!) fous-moi la paix ! (inf !)b. ( = front) he was lying face down il était à plat ventrec. ( = expression) mine fd. ( = appearance) visage mf. [of mountain] face f• it fell face up/down [playing card, photo] elle est tombée face en dessus/en dessousa. ( = look towards) faire face àb. ( = look out onto) [building] donner surc. ( = confront) two problems faced them ils se trouvaient devant deux problèmes• the government, faced with renewed wage demands... le gouvernement, confronté à de nouvelles revendications salariales...• he was faced with a bill for £100 il se voyait obligé de payer une note de 100 livresd. ( = face up to) [+ problem] affronter ; [+ truth] regarder en face• she won't face the fact that he's not going to come back elle ne veut pas se rendre à l'évidence et admettre qu'il ne reviendra pase. ( = risk incurring) risquerf. ( = appear before) affronterb. [house] être orienté4. compounds► face cloth noun ≈ gant m de toilette• to give a face-lift to [+ house] (exterior) ravaler la façade de ; (interior) retaper ; [+ political party, company] rajeunir l'image de• the town has been given a face-lift la ville a fait peau neuve ► face mask noun masque m ; (Cosmetics) masque m (de beauté)• it was a face-saving exercise on their part ils l'ont fait pour sauver la face ► face-to-face adjective face à face• to face up to the fact that... admettre que...* * *[feɪs] 1.to slam the door/laugh in somebody's face — claquer la porte/rire au nez de quelqu'un
to be face up/down — [person] être sur le dos/ventre
2) ( expression) air mto pull ou make a face — faire la grimace
3) fig ( outward appearance)to change the face of — changer le visage de [industry]
4) ( dignity)5) ( surface) (of clock, watch) cadran m; (of gem, dice) face f; ( of coin) côté m; ( of planet) surface f; (of cliff, mountain) face f; ( of rock) paroi f; ( of playing card) face f; ( of document) recto mto disappear ou vanish off the face of the earth — (colloq) disparaître de la circulation
2.face up/down — à l'endroit/l'envers
transitive verb1) ( look towards) [person] faire face à; [building, room] donner surto face north/south — [person] regarder au nord/sud; [building] être orienté au nord/sud
facing our house, there is... — en face de notre maison, il y a...
2) ( confront) se trouver face à [challenge, crisis]; se voir contraint de payer [fine]; se trouver menacé de [defeat, redundancy]; être contraint de faire [choice]; affronter [attacker, rival, team]to be faced with — se trouver confronté à [problem, decision]
to face somebody with — confronter quelqu'un à [truth, evidence]
3) ( acknowledge)face the facts, you're finished! — regarde la réalité en face, tu es fini!
let's face it, nobody's perfect — admettons-le, personne n'est parfait
4) ( tolerate prospect)he couldn't face the thought of walking/eating — l'idée de marcher/manger lui était insupportable
5) ( run the risk of) risquer [fine, suspension]6) Construction revêtir [façade, wall] ( with de)7) ( in printing) [photo etc] être face à [page]3.1)to face towards — [person, chair] être tourné vers; [building, house] être en face de
to face backwards — [person] tourner le dos
to be facing forward — [person] être de face
2) Military4.in the face of prepositional phrase1) ( despite) en dépit de [difficulties]2) ( in confrontation with) face à, devant [opposition, enemy, danger]•Phrasal Verbs:•• -
46 for
for [fɔ:r]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When for is an element in a phrasal verb, eg look for, stand for, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg for sale, noted for, look up the other word.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. pour• what's this knife for? à quoi sert ce couteau ?b. ( = going to) pourc. ( = on behalf of) for me/you à ma/ta place• will you go for me? est-ce que vous pouvez y aller à ma place ?d. ( = as in) commee. ( = in exchange for) I'll give you this book for that one je vous échange ce livre contre celui-là• he'll do it for $25 il le fera pour 25 dollars━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• to pay $5 for a ticket payer un billet 5 dollars• I sold it for $20 je l'ai vendu 20 dollarsf. ( = because of) pourg. ( = from) deh. ( = up to) ài. ( = in spite of) malgréj. ( = for a distance of) sur━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► With certain verbs pendant may be omitted.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• I worked/stayed there for three months j'y ai travaillé/j'y suis resté (pendant) trois mois━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► French generally uses the present and imperfect where English uses the perfect and past perfect.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• I have been working here for three months je travaille ici depuis trois mois ça fait trois mois que je travaille ici• I had been working there for three months when... je travaillais là depuis trois mois quand...• he hasn't worked for two years il n'a pas travaillé depuis deux ans ça fait deux ans qu'il ne travaille pas• she hadn't seen him for three months elle ne l'avait pas vu depuis trois mois cela faisait trois mois qu'elle ne l'avait pas vu* * *[fə(r), fɔː(r)] 1.1) ( intended to be used or belong to) pourto buy something for somebody — acheter quelque chose pour or à quelqu'un
2) ( intended to help or benefit) pour3) ( indicating purpose) pourwhat's it for? — c'est pour quoi faire?, ça sert à quoi?
‘I need it’ - ‘what for?’ — ‘j'en ai besoin’ - ‘pourquoi?’
the idea was for you to work it out yourself — le but était que tu trouves (subj) la réponse tout seul
4) (as member, employee of) [work, play] pour; ( as representative) [MP, Minister] de5) ( indicating cause or reason) pourfor this reason, I'd rather... — pour cette raison je préfère...
if it weren't for her... — sans elle...
6) ( indicating consequence) pour que (+ subj)7) ( indicating person's attitude) pour8) ( stressing particular feature) pourfor further information write to... — pour plus de renseignements écrivez à...
9) ( considering) pour10) ( towards) pour11) ( on behalf of) pour12) ( as regards)13) ( taking account of past events) depuis; ( stressing expected duration) pour; ( stressing actual duration) pendantthis is the best show I've seen for years — c'est le meilleur spectacle que j'aie vu depuis des années
14) ( indicating a deadline) pour; ( in negative constructions) avant15) ( on the occasion of) pour16) ( indicating scheduled time) pour17) ( indicating distance) pendant18) ( indicating destination) pour19) (indicating cost, value) pourit was sold for £100 — ça s'est vendu (pour) 100 livres sterling
I'll let you have it for £20 — je vous le laisse à 20 livres sterling
a cheque for £20 — un chèque de 20 livres sterling
20) ( in favour of)21) ( stressing appropriateness)22) ( in support of) en faveur de23) ( indicating availability)24) ( as part of ratio) pour25) ( equivalent to)what's the French for ‘boot’? — comment dit-on ‘boot’ en français?
the technical term for it is ‘chloasma’ — ‘chloasme’ c'est le terme technique
26) ( in explanations)for one thing... and for another... — premièrement... et deuxièmement...
I, for one, agree with her — en tout cas moi, je suis d'accord avec elle
27) ( when introducing clauses)2.conjunction sout car, parce que••I'll be (in) for it if... — (colloq) GB ça va être ma fête si... (colloq)
that's adolescents for you! — que voulez-vous, c'est ça les adolescents!
there's gratitude for you! — c'est comme ça qu'on me/vous etc remercie!
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47 honour
1. nouna. honneur m• in honour of... en l'honneur de...• to what do we owe this honour? qu'est-ce qui nous vaut cet honneur ?c. (title) Your/His Honour Votre/Son Honneurd. (British = degree) to take honours in English ≈ faire une licence d'anglais• he got first-/second-class honours in English ≈ il a eu sa licence d'anglais avec mention très bien/mention bienhonorer ; [+ agreement] respecter3. compounds• to be honour-bound to do sth être tenu par l'honneur de faire qch ► honours degree noun (British) ≈ licence f━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━✎ The French word honneur has a double n.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━Un honours degree est un diplôme universitaire que l'on reçoit généralement après trois années d'études en Angleterre et quatre années en Écosse. Les mentions qui l'accompagnent sont, par ordre décroissant: « first class » (très bien), « upper second class » (bien), « lower second class » (assez bien), et « third class » (sans mention). Le titulaire d'un honours degree peut l'indiquer ainsi à la suite de son nom: Peter Jones BA Hons. → ORDINARY DEGREE━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━La Honours List est la liste des personnes proposées pour recevoir une distinction honorifique. Cette liste, établie par le Premier ministre et approuvée par le monarque, est publiée deux fois par an au moment de la nouvelle année ( New Year's Honours List) et de l'anniversaire de la reine en juin ( Queen's Birthday Honours List).* * *1.GB, honor US ['ɒnə(r)] noun1) ( privilege) honneur mto give somebody ou do somebody the honour of doing — faire à quelqu'un l'honneur de faire
to what do I owe this honour? — sout ou iron que me vaut cet honneur? sout ou iron
2) ( high principles) honneur mto impugn somebody's honour — sout mettre en doute l'honneur de quelqu'un
3) ( in titles)2.honours plural noun University3.first/second class honours — ≈ licence avec mention très bien/bien
transitive verb1) ( show respect for) honorerto feel/be honoured — se sentir/être honoré (by par)
to honour somebody by doing — sout faire l'honneur à quelqu'un de faire
2) (fulfil, be bound by) honorer [cheque, contract, obligation]; tenir [promise, commitment]; remplir [agreement]••to do the honours — (serve food, drinks) faire les honneurs; ( introduce guests) faire les présentations
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48 open
open [ˈəʊpən]1. adjectivea. ( = not closed) ouvertb. ( = not enclosed) [car, carriage] découvertd. ( = available) [post, job] vacante. ( = frank) ouvert ; [admiration, envy] non dissimuléf. ( = undecided) let's leave the date open attendons avant de fixer une date2. noun• why can't we do it out in the open? ( = not secretly) pourquoi ne pouvons-nous pas le faire ouvertement ?a. ouvrirb. ( = begin) [+ meeting, exhibition, trial] ouvrir ; [+ conversation] entamer ; [+ new building, institution] inaugurera. [door, book, eyes, flower] s'ouvrir ; [shop, museum, bank] ouvrirb. ( = begin) [meeting, match] commencer ; [trial] s'ouvrir5. compounds• it's an open-and-shut case la solution est évidente ► open cheque noun (British) chèque m non barré► open learning noun enseignement universitaire à la carte, notamment par correspondance[passage, tunnel, street] s'élargir► open upb. ( = confide)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━L' Open University est une université ouverte à tous et fonctionnant essentiellement sur le principe du téléenseignement: cours par correspondance et émissions de radio et de télévision diffusées par la BBC. Ces enseignements sont complétés par un suivi pédagogique et par des stages, qui se tiennent généralement en été.* * *['əʊpən] 1.1) ( outside)in the open — dehors, en plein air
2) ( exposed position)in/into the open — en terrain découvert; fig
3) (also Open) Sport (tournoi m) open m2.1) ( not closed) [door, box, book, eyes, shirt, wound, flower] ouvert; [arms, legs] écarté; ( to the public) [bank, bridge, meeting] ouvertto burst ou fly open — s'ouvrir brusquement
the door was partly ou half open — la porte était entrouverte
2) ( not obstructed)to be open — [road] être ouvert (à la circulation); [canal, harbour] être ouvert (à la navigation); [telephone line, frequency] être libre
an open view — une vue dégagée (of de)
3) ( not covered) [car, carriage] découvert, décapoté; [mine, sewer] à ciel ouvert4) ( susceptible)to be open to — prêter le flanc à [criticism]
it is open to question whether — on peut douter que (+ subj)
5) ( accessible) (jamais épith) [job, position] libre, vacant; [access, competition] ouvert à tous; [meeting, session] public/-iquethere are several courses of action open to us — nous avons le choix entre plusieurs lignes de conduite
7) ( blatant) [hostility, contempt] non dissimulé; [disagreement, disrespect] manifeste8) ( undecided)open ticket — ( for traveller) billet m ouvert
9) ( with spaces) [weave] ajouré10) Sport [contest] open11) Music [string] à vide12) Linguistics ouvert3.transitive verb1) ( cause not to be closed) gen ouvrirto open a door slightly ou a little — entrouvrir une porte
2) ( begin) entamer [discussions, meeting]; ouvrir [account, enquiry, show, shop]3) ( inaugurate) inaugurer [shop, bridge]; ouvrir [exhibition]4) ( make wider) open up4.1) ( become open) [door, flower, curtain] s'ouvrirto open into ou onto something — [door, window] donner sur quelque chose
open wide! — ( at dentist's) ouvrez grand!
to open slightly ou a little — [window, door] s'entrouvrir
to open by doing — [person] commencer par faire
4) ( have first performance) [film] sortir (sur les écrans); [exhibition] ouvrir5) ( be first speaker) [person] ouvrir le débat6) ( become wider) open up7) Finance [shares] débuter•Phrasal Verbs:- open out- open up -
49 put
put [pʊt]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━3. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► vb: pret, ptp put━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► For set combinations consisting of put + noun, eg put out of business, put an end to, look up the noun. For put + preposition/adverb combinations, see also phrasal verbs.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. ( = place) mettre► to put + on• he put me on the train il m'a accompagné au train► to put + over• he put his head round the door il a passé la tête par la porte► to put + throughc. ( = rank) placerd. ( = express) dire• how shall I put it? comment dire ?• let me put it this way... disons que...e. ( = suggest) I put it to you that... n'est-il pas vrai que... ?f. ( = submit) [+ case, problem, opinion, suggestion] présenter ; [+ proposal] soumettre ; [+ question] poser• he put the arguments for and against the project il a présenté les arguments pour et contre le projetg. ( = cause to be) mettre• to put sb in a good/bad mood mettre qn de bonne/mauvaise humeurh. ( = invest)► to put + intoi. ( = estimate)► to put + at estimer• they put the loss at £10,000 ils estiment à 10 000 livres la perte subie• the population was put at 50,000 la population a été estimée à 50 000 habitants3. compounds( = feigned) affectéa. [+ rumour] faire courir( = communicate) [+ ideas, intentions, desires] faire comprendre• he knows his stuff but he can't put it across il connaît son sujet à fond mais il n'arrive pas à transmettre son savoir► put aside separable transitive verba. [+ object, food, money] mettre de côtéa. ( = put in proper place) [+ clothes, toys, books] rangerb. (Sport) [+ ball] mettre au fond des filetsa. ( = replace) remettre en place• put it back! remets-le à sa place !b. ( = retard) retarder[+ money] mettre de côté► put down[aircraft, pilot] se posera. [+ parcel, book, child] poser ; [+ passenger] déposer• put it down! pose ça !• he put down £500 on the car il a versé 500 livres d'arrhes pour la voiturec. ( = suppress) [+ revolt, movement] réprimere. ( = record) noterf. (British = have destroyed) [+ dog, cat] faire piquer ; [+ horse] faire abattre► put down as separable transitive verb( = consider, assess) considérer comme• I had put him down as a complete fool je le considérais comme un parfait imbécile► put down to separable transitive verb( = attribute) mettre sur le compte• I put it down to his inexperience je mets ça sur le compte de son inexpérience► put forth separable transitive verb[+ idea, proposal] émettre[ship] mouiller (at dans le port de)• have you put in the camera? ( = pack) est-ce que tu as pris l'appareil photo ?b. ( = insert) [+ word, paragraph] ajouter ; [+ remark] glisserc. ( = submit) to put in a request for sth faire une demande de qchd. ( = install) [+ political party] élire ; [+ central heating, double glazing] faire installere. ( = spend) [+ time] passerf. ( = work) travailler• can you put in a few hours at the weekend? pourrais-tu travailler quelques heures ce week-end ?► put in for inseparable transitive verb[+ job] poser sa candidature à ; [+ promotion] demanderb. ( = discourage) dissuader ; ( = repel) dégoûter• the failure may put them off trying again il est possible que cet échec les dissuade d'essayer à nouveau• the divorce figures don't seem to put people off marriage les statistiques de divorce ne semblent pas dégoûter les gens du mariagec. ( = distract) talking in the audience put him off les bavardages de l'auditoire le déconcentraienta. [+ clothes, glasses, lotion] mettreb. ( = increase) [+ speed] augmenterc. ( = assume) [+ air, accent] prendre• to put it on ( = pretend) faire semblantd. ( = deceive) faire marcher (inf)e. ( = organize) organiser ; [+ extra train, bus] mettre en serviceg. ( = switch on) allumer ; [+ tape, CD, music] mettreh. ( = begin to cook) I'll just put the potatoes on je vais juste mettre les pommes de terre à cuire• a fellow journalist put me onto the story c'est un collègue journaliste qui m'a mis sur l'affaire (inf)• what put you onto it? qu'est-ce qui vous en a donné l'idée ?► put out[ship] to put out to sea quitter le porta. ( = put outside) [+ rubbish] sortir ; ( = expel) [+ person] expulserb. ( = stretch out) [+ arm, leg] allonger ; [+ foot] avancer ; [+ tongue] tirer ; [+ shoots] produirec. ( = lay out in order) étalerd. ( = extinguish) éteindree. ( = make unconscious) endormirf. ( = inconvenience) déranger• the government will put out a statement about it le gouvernement va faire une déclaration à ce sujeth. ( = broadcast) passeri. to put out to tender [+ contract, service] mettre en adjudicationj. ( = dislocate) [+ shoulder, back] se démettre• a knee injury put him out of the first two games une blessure au genou l'a empêché de jouer les deux premiers matchs► put over separable transitive verb= put acrossa. ( = make) [+ change] effectuer ; [+ plan] mener à bienb. ( = connect) [+ call] passer ; [+ caller] mettre en communication• put me through to Mr Smith passez-moi M. Smithd. ( = make suffer) to put sb through hell mener la vie dure à qn• they really put him through it (inf) ils lui en ont fait voir de dures (inf)► put together separable transitive verb• it's more important than all the other factors put together c'est plus important que tous les autres facteurs confondus• he's worth more than the rest of the family put together à lui tout seul il vaut plus que toute la famille réuniea. ( = raise) [+ hand] lever ; [+ flag] hisser ; [+ tent] monter ; [+ umbrella] ouvrir ; [+ notice] afficher ; [+ picture] accrocher ; [+ building] construire ; [+ fence, barrier] érigerb. ( = increase) augmenter ; [+ prices] faire monter• that puts up the total to over 1,000 cela fait monter le total à plus de 1 000c. ( = offer) [+ proposal] soumettre ; [+ resistance] opposer• he put up a real fight to keep you in your job il s'est vraiment battu pour que tu conserves ton posted. ( = provide) fournir( = incite)* * *[pʊt] 1.1) ( place) mettre [object, person]2) ( cause to go or undergo)to put something through — glisser quelque chose dans [letterbox]; passer quelque chose par [window]
to put somebody through — envoyer quelqu'un à [university, college]; faire passer quelqu'un par [suffering, ordeal]; faire passer [quelque chose] à quelqu'un [test]; faire suivre [quelque chose] à quelqu'un [course]
to put one's hand to — porter la main à [mouth]
3) (devote, invest)to put money/energy into something — investir de l'argent/son énergie dans quelque chose
to put a lot into — s'engager à fond pour [work, project]; sacrifier beaucoup à [marriage]
4) ( add)to put tax/duty on something — taxer/imposer quelque chose
to put a penny on income tax — GB augmenter l'impôt sur le revenu d'un pourcent
5) ( express)6) ( offer for consideration) présenter [point of view, proposal]to put something to — soumettre quelque chose à [meeting, conference, board]
7) (rate, rank) placer8) ( estimate)9) Sport lancer [shot]2.to put oneself in a strong position/in somebody's place — se mettre dans une position de force/à la place de quelqu'un
Phrasal Verbs:- put away- put back- put by- put down- put in- put off- put on- put out- put over- put up- put upon••to put one over ou across GB on somebody — (colloq) faire marcher quelqu'un (colloq)
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50 real
real [rɪəl]1. adjective• she wanted to see the real Africa elle voulait voir l'Afrique, la vraie• in real life, she's very friendly [film star] dans la vie, elle est vraiment gentille• there was no real evidence that... il n'y avait pas de véritable preuve que...• get real! (inf) sois réaliste !• when you've tasted the real thing, this whisky... quand on a goûté du vrai whisky, celui-ci...• climbing this hill isn't much when you've done the real thing pour ceux qui ont fait de l'alpinisme, cette colline n'est rien du tout2. adverb3. compounds• to work in real estate travailler dans l'immobilier ► real-estate agent noun (US) agent m immobilier* * *[rɪəl] 1.noun réel m2.1) ( not imaginary) véritable, réel/réellethe real world — le monde réel, la réalité
2) ( not artificial) [diamond, flower, leather] vrai (before n), authentiquethe real thing —
the real McCoy — (colloq) de l'authentique, du vrai de vrai (colloq)
3) (true, proper) [holiday, rest] véritable, vrai (before n)4) ( for emphasis) [charmer, pleasure] vrai (before n)5) Finance, Commerce [cost, value] réel/réelle6) Mathematics réel/réelle••for real — (colloq) pour de vrai (colloq)
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51 regard
regard [rɪˈgα:d]( = consider) considérer (as comme)2. nouna. ( = concern) to have regard for sb/sth tenir compte de qn/qch• to show no regard for sb/sth ne faire aucun cas de qn/qch• without regard for sb/sth sans égard pour qn/qch• out of regard for sb/sth par égard pour qn/qchb. ( = esteem) estime f• to hold sb/sth in high regard tenir qn/qch en haute estime3. plural noun* * *[rɪ'gɑːd] 1.1) ( consideration) égard m fmlto hold somebody/something in high regard — avoir beaucoup d'estime pour quelqu'un/quelque chose
3) ( connection)2.with ou in regard to — en ce qui concerne
regards plural noun ( good wishes) amitiés fpl3.kindest regards — avec toutes mes (or nos) amitiés
transitive verb1) ( consider) considérer2) ( concern) sout concerner -
52 there
there [ðεər]1. adverb• down or over there là-bas► there is ( = there exists) → be► to be there ( = exist) exister• if the technology is there, someone will use it si la technologie existe, quelqu'un l'utiliserab. (other uses) there he is! le voilà !• hurry up there! eh ! dépêchez-vous !• you've got me there! alors là, ça me dépasse ! (inf)• there comes a time when... il vient un moment où...• you press this switch and there you are! tu appuies sur ce bouton et ça y est !• there you are, I told you that would happen tu vois, je t'avais bien dit que ça allait arriver• there they go! les voilà qui partent !• I had hoped to finish early, but there you go j'espérais finir tôt mais tant pis2. exclamation• there, what did I tell you? alors, qu'est-ce que je t'avais dit ?• there, there, don't cry! allons, allons, ne pleure pas !• there now, that didn't hurt, did it? eh bien, ça n'a pas fait si mal que ça, si ?* * *Note: there is generally translated by là after prepositions: near there = près de là etc and when emphasizing the location of an object/a point etc visible to the speaker: put them there = mettez-les làRemember that voilà is used to draw attention to a visible place/object/person: there's my watch = voilà ma montre, whereas il y a is used for generalizations: there's a village nearby = il y a un village tout prèsthere when unstressed with verbs such as aller and être is translated by y: we went there last year = nous y sommes allés l'année dernière, but not where emphasis is made: it was there that we went last year = c'est là que nous sommes allés l'année dernièreFor examples of the above and further uses of there see the entry below[ðeə(r)] 1.pronoun ( as impersonal subject) ilthere seems ou appears to be — il semble y avoir
2.there is/are — il y a
1) ( that place or point) làup to there —
in there please — ( ushering somebody) par là s'il vous plaît
2) ( at or to that place) làit's there that — gen c'est là que; ( when indicating) c'est là où
take the offer while it's there — fig profite de l'occasion pendant que c'est possible
3) ( to draw attention) (to person, activity etc) voilà; ( to place) làthere you go again — fig ça y est, c'est reparti
there you are — ( seeing somebody arrive) vous voilà; ( giving object) tenez, voilà; ( that's done) et voilà
4) ( indicating arrival) là5) ( indicating juncture) là6) (colloq) ( emphatic)3.there and then adverbial phrase directement4.there again adverbial phrase ( on the other hand) d'un autre côté5.there there! — ( soothingly) allez! allez!
there! — ( triumphantly) voilà!
there, I told you! — voilà, je te l'avais bien dit!
there, you've woken the baby! — c'est malin, tu as réveillé le bébé!
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53 treat
treat [tri:t]a. traiter• you should treat your mother with more respect vous devriez montrer plus de respect envers votre mèrec. ( = pay for) to treat sb to sth offrir qch à qn• to treat o.s. to sth s'offrir qch2. noun( = pleasure) plaisir m• what would you like as a birthday treat? qu'est-ce qui te ferait plaisir pour ton anniversaire ?• to give o.s. a treat se faire un petit plaisir* * *[triːt] 1.as a special treat I was allowed to stay up late — exceptionnellement on m'a permis de me coucher plus tard
it's my treat — (colloq) c'est moi qui paie
2.to stand somebody a treat — (colloq) offrir quelque chose à quelqu'un
(colloq) a treat adverbial phrase GB3.transitive verb1) gen traiter [person, animal, object, topic]to treat somebody well/badly — bien traiter/maltraiter quelqu'un
to treat somebody/something with care — prendre soin de quelqu'un/quelque chose
to treat something as — considérer quelque chose comme [idol, shrine]
2) Medicine traiter [patient, disease]3) ( process) traiter [chemical, fabric, water]4) ( pay for)4.to treat somebody to something — payer or offrir quelque chose à quelqu'un
to treat oneself to — s'offrir [holiday, hairdo]
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54 endowment
FINANCE (action, fund) dotation fendowment fund fonds m de dotation;endowment insurance assurance f en cas de vie ou à dotation;endowment mortgage prêt-logement m lié à une assurance-vie;endowment policy assurance en cas de vie ou à dotationThe endowment mortgage crisis has escalated in the past year with three in five borrowers now told their investment policy will not pay off their home loan. Figures to be published this week by the Association of British Insurers will show that life assurers have issued "red" or "amber" warning letters to 60 per cent of endowment mortgage holders telling them to save more. If borrowers do not take action they are likely to face shortfalls of thousands of pounds when their mortgage comes to an end and the endowment is not enough to pay off the loan.
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55 brand
[brænd] 1. noun1) (a maker's name or trademark: a new brand; ( also adjective) a brand name.) marque (de fabrique)2) (a variety: He has his own brand of humour.) (bien) personnel3) (a mark on cattle etc to show who owns them, made with a hot iron.) marque2. verb1) (to mark cattle etc with a hot iron.) marquer (au fer rouge)2) (to make a permanent impression on: His name is branded on my memory.) graver3) (to attach (permanent) disgrace to: branded for life as a thief.) stigmatiser• -
56 colour
1. noun1) (a quality which objects have, and which can be seen, only when light falls on them: What colour is her dress?; Red, blue and yellow are colours.) couleur2) (paint(s): That artist uses water-colours.) peinture3) ((a) skin-colour varying with race: people of all colours.) couleur4) (vividness; interest: There's plenty of colour in his stories.) couleur2. adjective((of photographs etc) in colour, not black and white: colour film; colour television.) en couleur3. verb(to put colour on; to paint: They coloured the walls yellow.) peindre- coloured4. noun((sometimes used impolitely) a dark-skinned person especially of Negro origin.) personne de couleur- colouring - colourless - colours - colour-blind - colour scheme - off-colour - colour in - show oneself in one's true colours - with flying colours -
57 emphasis
['emfəsis]plural - emphases; noun1) (stress put on certain words in speaking etc; greater force of voice used in words or parts of words to make them more noticeable: In writing we sometimes underline words to show emphasis.) accent, accentuation2) (force; firmness: `I do not intend to go,' he said with emphasis.) force3) (importance given to something: He placed great emphasis on this point.) insistance, importance•- emphasise - emphatic - emphatically -
58 over
['əuvə] 1. preposition1) (higher than; above in position, number, authority etc: Hang that picture over the fireplace; He's over 90 years old.) au-dessus de, par-dessus, plus de2) (from one side to another, on or above the top of; on the other side of: He jumped over the gate; She fell over the cat; My friend lives over the street.) sur, par-dessus, de l'autre côté3) (covering: He put his handkerchief over his face.) sur4) (across: You find people like him all over the world.) partout5) (about: a quarrel over money.) à propos de6) (by means of: He spoke to her over the telephone.) à7) (during: Over the years, she grew to hate her husband.) au cours de8) (while having etc: He fell asleep over his dinner.) sur2. adverb1) (higher, moving etc above: The plane flew over about an hour ago.)2) (used to show movement, change of position: He rolled over on his back; He turned over the page.)3) (across: He went over and spoke to them.)4) (downwards: He fell over.)5) (higher in number etc: for people aged twenty and over.)6) (remaining: There are two cakes for each of us, and two over.)7) (through from beginning to end, carefully: Read it over; Talk it over between you.)3. adjective(finished: The affair is over now.) au-dessus de4. noun((in cricket) a certain number of balls bowled from one end of the wicket: He bowled thirty overs in the match.) série de... balles5. as part of a word1) (too (much), as in overdo.)2) (in a higher position, as in overhead.)3) (covering, as in overcoat.)4) (down from an upright position, as in overturn.)5) (completely, as in overcome.)•- over all - over and done with -
59 such
1. adjective1) (of the same kind as that already mentioned or being mentioned: Animals that gnaw, such as mice, rats, rabbits and weasels are called rodents; He came from Bradford or some such place; She asked to see Mr Johnson but was told there was no such person there; I've seen several such buildings; I've never done such a thing before; doctors, dentists and such people.) tel, pareil, semblable2) (of the great degree already mentioned or being mentioned: If you had telephoned her, she wouldn't have got into such a state of anxiety; She never used to get such bad headaches (as she does now).) un tel3) (of the great degree, or the kind, to have a particular result: He shut the window with such force that the glass broke; She's such a good teacher that the headmaster asked her not to leave; Their problems are such as to make it impossible for them to live together any more.) tel4) (used for emphasis: This is such a shock! They have been such good friends to me!) tel, si2. pronoun(such a person or thing, or such persons or things: I have only a few photographs, but can show you such as I have; This isn't a good book as such (= as a book) but it has interesting pictures.) le peu que; en tant que tel- suchlike- such-and-such - such as it is -
60 vote
[vəut] 1. noun((the right to show) one's wish or opinion, eg in a ballot or by raising a hand etc, especially at an election or in a debate: In Britain, the vote was given to women over twenty-one in 1928; Nowadays everyone over eighteen has a vote; A vote was taken to decide the matter.) vote; droit de vote2. verb1) (to cast or record one's vote: She voted for the Conservative candidate; I always vote Labour; I shall vote against the restoration of capital punishment.) voter2) (to allow, by a vote, the provision of (something) eg to someone, for a purpose etc: They were voted $5,000 to help them in their research.) voter•- voter- vote of confidence - vote of thanks
См. также в других словарях:
I'll show them — I’ll show you/him/them/etc spoken phrase used for talking about what you intend to do as an angry reaction to what someone has said or done I’ll show them who’s the failure in this family! Thesaurus: expressions showing anger and used in… … Useful english dictionary
show — ► VERB (past part. shown or showed) 1) be, allow, or make visible. 2) exhibit or produce for inspection or viewing. 3) represent or depict in art. 4) display or allow to be perceived (a quality, emotion, or characteristic). 5) demonstrate or… … English terms dictionary
show over — ˌshow ˈover [transitive] [present tense I/you/we/they show over he/she/it shows over present participle showing over past tense … Useful english dictionary
show someone who's boss — show (someone) who s boss to make clear who has more power. When you re trying to get kids to behave, you have to show them who s boss … New idioms dictionary
show who's boss — show (someone) who s boss to make clear who has more power. When you re trying to get kids to behave, you have to show them who s boss … New idioms dictionary
show somebody around (something) — ˌshow sb aˈround/ˈround (sth) derived to be a guide for sb when they visit a place for the first time to show them what is interesting • We were shown around the school by one of the students. • Has anyone shown you round yet? Main entry: ↑show … Useful english dictionary
show somebody round (something) — ˌshow sb aˈround/ˈround (sth) derived to be a guide for sb when they visit a place for the first time to show them what is interesting • We were shown around the school by one of the students. • Has anyone shown you round yet? Main entry: ↑show … Useful english dictionary
show — 1 verb past tense showed past participle shown /SUn/ 1 PROVE (T) to provide facts or information that make it clear that something is true or that something exists: show (that): The latest poll clearly shows that most voters are unaware of this.… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
show — show1 W1S1 [ʃəu US ʃou] v past tense showed past participle shown [ʃəun US ʃoun] ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(let somebody see)¦ 2¦(prove something)¦ 3¦(feelings/attitudes/qualities)¦ 4¦(explain with actions)¦ 5¦(picture/map etc)¦ 6¦(guide somebody)¦ 7¦(point at… … Dictionary of contemporary English
show — show1 [ ʃou ] (past tense showed; past participle shown [ ʃoun ] ) verb *** ▸ 1 prove something is true ▸ 2 give information ▸ 3 behave in particular way ▸ 4 let someone see something ▸ 5 give instructions, etc. ▸ 6 lead someone somewhere ▸ 7 be… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
show */*/*/ — I UK [ʃəʊ] / US [ʃoʊ] verb Word forms show : present tense I/you/we/they show he/she/it shows present participle showing past tense showed past participle shown UK [ʃəʊn] / US [ʃoʊn] 1) [transitive] to prove that something exists or is true The… … English dictionary