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1 vysòkъ
vysòkъ Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `high'Old Church Slavic:Russian:vysókij `high, tall' [adj o];vysók `high, tall' [adj o], vysoká [Nomsf], vysokó [Nomsn]Czech:vysoký `high, tall' [adj o]Slovak:vysoký `high' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:vìsok `high, tall' [adj o], visòka [Nomsf], visòko [Nomsn];Čak. visȍk (Vrgada) `high, tall' [adj o], visokȁ [Nomsf], visokȍ [Nomsn];Čak. visȍk (Orbanići) `high, tall' [adj o], visȍka [Nomsf], visȍko [Nomsn]Slovene:visòk `high' [adj o]Bulgarian:visók `high, tall' [adj o]Comments: For the suffix *- okъ, cf. -> *glǫbòkъ, *dalèkъ. The suffix is absent in the comparative, e.g. Ru. výše, SCr. vìšē, Sln. vȋše, where we also find the original acute tone. The root is usually reconstructed as * ūps-, cf. Gk. ὑψηλός `high'. Kortlandt (1977) has argued that in Balto-Slavic initial *u yielded acute "long" *u (Lith. ū́, PSl. *vy) under the stress and short *u in pretonic position. The acute variant is supposed to have originated from a Balto-Slavic prothetic laryngeal. Now that an number of examples can be explained by Winter's law, the evidence for Kortlandt's explanation has been weakened. Nevertheless, the Slavic situation regarding initial *u undeniably resembles the situation regarding initial *i, where I have claimed (2003) that stressed *i- yielded * (j)i under the stress, but *jь in unstressed position. In my opinion, it is likely that the reflex * vy- originated in stressed position, cf. vỳsь and the comparative vỳše.Other cognates:OIr. úasal `high, lofty' [adj] -
2 bȇrgъ
bȇrgъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: с Proto-Slavic meaning: `bank'Page in Trubačev: I 191-193Old Church Slavic:brěgъ `bank, shore, steep slope' [m o]Russian:béreg `bank, shore' [m o]Czech:břeh `bank, shore, boundary, edge' [m o];břech (dial.) `hill' [m o], břeha [Gens]Old Czech:břěh `hill, hillside, bank, shore, pier' [m o]Slovak:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:brȉjeg `bank, shore, boundary, edge, hill' [m o];Čak. brȋg (Vrgada) `bank, shore, boundary, edge, hill' [m o], brȋga [Gens];Čak. briȇg (Orbanići) `hill' [m o], briȇge [Locs]Slovene:brẹ̑g `bank, shore, hillside, hill' [m o]Bulgarian:Indo-European reconstruction: bʰerǵʰ-o-IE meaning: hillPage in Pokorny: 140Comments: In view of the Indo-Iranian and Armenian forms, the *g of the Slavic etymon is problematic. Attempts to establish *bergъ as a borrowing from Germanic or Venetic-Illyrian (Pokorny) seem unconvincing.Other cognates:Skt. br̯hánt- (RV+) `great, large, high'; -
3 bȏrъ
bȏrъ Grammatical information: m. u Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `pine-tree, pine forest'Page in Trubačev: II 216-217Church Slavic:Russian:Old Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Slovincian:bȯ́r `dry, barren soil, pine forest' [m o]Upper Sorbian:bór (arch.) `pine-tree, pine forest' [m o]Lower Sorbian:bór (obs.) `pine-tree, (pine) forest' [m o]Serbo-Croatian:bȏr `pine-tree' [m o], bȍra [Gens];Čak. bõr (Vrgada) `pine-tree' [m o], borȁ [Gens]Slovene:bọ̑r `pine-tree' [m o]Bulgarian:Comments: In Slavic, there are many indications for an original u-stem borъ < * bʰoru-, e.g. RuCS borove `pine-trees' [Nom p], Pl. w boru `in the forest', or derivates based on a stem borov-, such as SCr. boròvīk `coniferous forest, pine forest', bòrovina `pine-tree, pinewood', bòrȏvka `bilberry, raspberry'.Other cognates:OIc. bǫrr `tree'; -
4 gvozdь
gvozdь; gvozdъ Grammatical information: m. i; m o Proto-Slavic meaning: `nail'Page in Trubačev: VII 185-186Old Church Slavic:Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Polish:gwóźdź `nail' [m jo]Old Polish:góźdź `nail' [m jo];Upper Sorbian:hózdź `nail' [m jo]Serbo-Croatian:gvȍzd (arch., dial) `iron, nail, peg, pig' [m o];gvȏzd (arch., dial.) `iron, nail, peg, pig, dense forest' [m o]Slovene:gòzd `(big, high) forest' [m o], gózda [Gens]Indo-European reconstruction: gu̯ozd-??Other cognates: -
5 gvozdъ
gvozdь; gvozdъ Grammatical information: m. i; m o Proto-Slavic meaning: `nail'Page in Trubačev: VII 185-186Old Church Slavic:Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Polish:gwóźdź `nail' [m jo]Old Polish:góźdź `nail' [m jo];Upper Sorbian:hózdź `nail' [m jo]Serbo-Croatian:gvȍzd (arch., dial) `iron, nail, peg, pig' [m o];gvȏzd (arch., dial.) `iron, nail, peg, pig, dense forest' [m o]Slovene:gòzd `(big, high) forest' [m o], gózda [Gens]Indo-European reconstruction: gu̯ozd-??Other cognates: -
6 mělь
mělь; mělъ Grammatical information: f. i; m. oPage in Trubačev: XVIII 162-168Old Church Slavic:měla (Supr.) `lime' [Gensm o]Russian:Czech:měl (SSJČ) `spit' [f i];měl (Jungmann) `pebble, dust, shoal' [f i];měl (Kott) `loose earth, powder, pebble' [f i]Old Czech:měl `shoal, sand-bank, fodder' [m i]Polish:Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:mẽlj (Čak.), mèlja [Gens] `fine sand' [m jo];mél (Čak.), mèla [Gens] `dust, powder' [m o]Slovene:mẹ̑lj `sand-bank' [m jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: (s)mēl-i-Lithuanian:smė̃lis `sand' [m io] 2 \{1\}Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: mēlH-i-Certainty: +Page in Pokorny: 717Comments: The Baltic and Slavic forms are formally compatible with the root melH- `to grind', the Baltic word showing s mobile. The lengthened grade vowel points to an old root noun. Semantically, this etymology does not seem implausible to me ( pace Stang (l.c.), who, by the way, does not mention any Baltic forms).Other cognates:Sw. mjåg (dial.) `sand-hill, high riverbank';Notes:\{1\} Also Standard Lithuanian is smėlỹs 4. \{2\} Judging by the Lithuanian evidence, the zero grade of the root was originally acute: smiltis 1/3/4 (LKŽ) `fine sand, gritty earth'. The only non-ambiguous Latvian forms in ME are smìlts and smìltis `sand', however. The most plausible option is that the Latvian falling tone is secondary (cf. Derksen 1996: 147). \{3\} The Scandinavian forms with sm- could derive from the root melH- `grind' preceded by s mobile. OIc. melr and Sw. (dial.) mjåg < *mjalg are mentioned by Stang in connection with Ru. mel' etc. (1972: 36). According to Stang, these words point to *melha- /melga. Therefore the possible etymological relationship with the Slavic forms is limited to the root. -
7 mělъ
mělь; mělъ Grammatical information: f. i; m. oPage in Trubačev: XVIII 162-168Old Church Slavic:měla (Supr.) `lime' [Gensm o]Russian:Czech:měl (SSJČ) `spit' [f i];měl (Jungmann) `pebble, dust, shoal' [f i];měl (Kott) `loose earth, powder, pebble' [f i]Old Czech:měl `shoal, sand-bank, fodder' [m i]Polish:Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:mẽlj (Čak.), mèlja [Gens] `fine sand' [m jo];mél (Čak.), mèla [Gens] `dust, powder' [m o]Slovene:mẹ̑lj `sand-bank' [m jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: (s)mēl-i-Lithuanian:smė̃lis `sand' [m io] 2 \{1\}Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: mēlH-i-Certainty: +Page in Pokorny: 717Comments: The Baltic and Slavic forms are formally compatible with the root melH- `to grind', the Baltic word showing s mobile. The lengthened grade vowel points to an old root noun. Semantically, this etymology does not seem implausible to me ( pace Stang (l.c.), who, by the way, does not mention any Baltic forms).Other cognates:Sw. mjåg (dial.) `sand-hill, high riverbank';Notes:\{1\} Also Standard Lithuanian is smėlỹs 4. \{2\} Judging by the Lithuanian evidence, the zero grade of the root was originally acute: smiltis 1/3/4 (LKŽ) `fine sand, gritty earth'. The only non-ambiguous Latvian forms in ME are smìlts and smìltis `sand', however. The most plausible option is that the Latvian falling tone is secondary (cf. Derksen 1996: 147). \{3\} The Scandinavian forms with sm- could derive from the root melH- `grind' preceded by s mobile. OIc. melr and Sw. (dial.) mjåg < *mjalg are mentioned by Stang in connection with Ru. mel' etc. (1972: 36). According to Stang, these words point to *melha- /melga. Therefore the possible etymological relationship with the Slavic forms is limited to the root. -
8 golěmъ
golěmъ Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `big'Page in Trubačev: VI 202-204Church Slavic:golěmo `much' [adv];Russian:goljámyj `tall and thin' [adj o]Old Russian:golěmyi `big, high' [adj o]Old Czech:holemý `big' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:gòlem `big, huge' [adj o]Bulgarian:goljám `big, strong' [adj o]Macedonian: -
9 krupьnъ
krupьnъ Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `coarse'Page in Trubačev: XIII 46-47Russian:krúpnyj `big, tall' [adj o]Old Russian:Old Czech:krupný `coarse' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:krúpan `coarse-grained, coarse, big, high' [adj o];krùpan `coarse-grained, coarse, big, high' [adj o];Čak. krȗpan (Orbanići) `large, heavy, bulky' [adj o]Bulgarian:krúpen `great' [adj u]Lithuanian:kraupùs `rough' [adj u]Indo-European reconstruction: kroup-Page in Pokorny: 623Other cognates:OIc. hrjúfr `rough, scabby' [adj] -
10 bȁba
bȁba Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `old woman'Page in Trubačev: I 105-108Old Church Slavic:Russian:bába `grandmother, married peasant woman' [f ā]Czech:bába `grandmother, midwife, old woman' [f ā];Slovak:Polish:Slovincian:bãbă `old woman, grannie, female (of an animal)' [f ā]Serbo-Croatian:bȁba `grandmother, midwife, nurse, mother-in-law' [f ā];Čak. bȁba (Vrgada) `grandmother, midwife' [f ā];Čak. bȁba (Novi) `midwife' [f ā]Slovene:bába `grandmother, midwife' [f ā]Bulgarian:bába `grandmother, old woman, mother-in-law' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: báʔbaʔLithuanian:bóba `old woman' [f ā] 1Latvian:bãba `old woman' [f ā]Certainty: -Page in Pokorny: 91Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} The Middle High German word is assumed to be a borrowing from Slavic (Sɫawski SP I: 171). -
11 libъ
libъ Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `thin'Page in Trubačev: XV 74-75Old Czech:libí [?] `lean, thin' [adj o]Old Polish:Slovincian:lëbḯ `weak, soft, frail' [adj o]Lithuanian:láibas `thin, tall, high' [adj o] 3;líebas (dial.) `thin-legged' [adj o] 3Indo-European reconstruction: leiHbʰNotes:
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