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61 cruce
m.1 crossing, intersection.gira a la derecha en el próximo cruce turn right at the next junction2 crossing (paso).un cruce fronterizo a border crossing3 cross.un cruce de fox-terrier y chihuahua a cross between a fox terrier and a chihuahua4 crossed line.hay un cruce en la línea we've got o there's a crossed line5 round.6 crossbreeding, crossbreed, mixing.pres.subj.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: cruzar.* * *1 cross, crossing2 AUTOMÓVIL crossroads3 (de razas) crossbreeding4 (interferencia telefónica etc) crossed line5 ELECTRICIDAD short circuit* * *noun m.1) cross, crossing2) crossroads* * *SM1) (Aut) [de carreteras, autopistas] junction, intersection; [de cuatro esquinas] crossroads; [para peatones] crossing, crosswalk (EEUU)cruce a nivel — level crossing, grade crossing (EEUU)
cruce de peatones, cruce peatonal — pedestrian crossing, crosswalk (EEUU)
2)poner la luz o las luces de cruce — to dip one's lights
3) (=acto)- tener un cruce de cablescruce de aros — Ven engagement ceremony ( involving the exchange of rings)
4) (Telec) crossed line5) (Bio) (=proceso) crossbreeding; (=resultado) crossser un cruce de o entre un animal y otro — to be a cross o crossbreed between one animal and another
6) (Mat) intersection, point of intersection7) (Ling) cross, mutual interference* * *1) ( acción) crossing2) ( de calles) crossroads3) (Telec)tener un cruce de cables — (fam) to be in a muddle (colloq)
4) (Agr, Biol) cross* * *1) ( acción) crossing2) ( de calles) crossroads3) (Telec)tener un cruce de cables — (fam) to be in a muddle (colloq)
4) (Agr, Biol) cross* * *cruce11 = intersection, crossover [cross-over], junction, crossing point.Ex: The loan period is given at the intersections of the rows and columns.
Ex: Each person works two and a half days a week and this allows a midweek crossover period so that communication between them is not restricted to notes and phone calls.Ex: People value the public library highly as an educational and community resource and the library acts as an 'information junction' to bind the community together.Ex: They stopped or lay down or wallowed frequently just before the crossing point on the river.* cruce de caminos = crossroads, fork in the road.* cruce de la frontera = border crossing.* cruce de peatones = zebra crossing, pedestrian crossing, pelican crossing.* cruce en barco = boat ride.* cruce fronterizo = border crossing.* cruce peatonal = pedestrian crossing.cruce22 = mixed breed.Ex: Of the 882 dogs, 228 were German hepherds, 86 were Great Danes and 73 were mixed breeds.
* cruce de razas = mixed breed.* * *A (acción) crossingB (de calles) crossroads[ S ] cruce peligroso dangerous junctionCompuesto:cruce peatonal or de peatonespedestrian crossingC ( Telec):hay un cruce en las líneas there's a crossed linees cruce de burro y yegua it is a cross between a donkey and a mare* * *
Del verbo cruzar: ( conjugate cruzar)
crucé es:
1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo
cruce es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
cruce
cruzar
cruce sustantivo masculino
1
( on signs) cruce peligroso dangerous junction;
cruce peatonal or de peatones pedestrian crossingc) (Telec):
2 (Agr, Biol) cross
cruzar ( conjugate cruzar) verbo transitivo
1 ( atravesar) ‹calle/mar/puente› to cross
2 ‹ piernas› to cross;
‹ brazos› to cross, fold
3
4 ( llevar al otro lado) to take (o carry etc) … across
5 ‹animales/plantas› to cross
verbo intransitivo ( atravesar) to cross;
cruzarse verbo pronominal
1 ( recípr)
b) (en viaje, camino):◊ nos cruzamos en el camino we met o passed each other on the way;
nuestras cartas se han debido de cruce our letters must have crossed in the post;
crucese con algn to see o pass sb
2 ( interponerse):
se me cruzó otro corredor another runner cut in front of me
cruce sustantivo masculino
1 crossing
(de carreteras) crossroads
2 (entre animales) cross, (animal cruzado) crossbreed
3 Tel crossed line
cruzar
I verbo transitivo
1 to cross
(las piernas) to cross one's legs
(los brazos) to fold one's arms
2 (dirigir unas palabras, miradas) to exchange
3 (animal, planta) to cross, crossbreed
II verbo intransitivo (atravesar) to cross
' cruce' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
glorieta
- luz
English:
cross
- crossing
- crossroads
- gridlock
- interchange
- intersection
- junction
- overshoot
- come
- dim
- dip
- mule
- pass
- pedestrian
- T
* * *♦ nm1. [de líneas] crossing, intersection;[de carreteras] crossroads [singular];gira a la derecha en el próximo cruce turn right at the next junction2. [paso] crossing;pasa al otro lado por el cruce use the crossing to cross the road;un cruce fronterizo a border crossing3. [de animales, plantas] cross;un cruce de fox-terrier y chihuahua a cross between a fox terrier and a chihuahua4. [de teléfono] crossed line;hay un cruce en la línea we've got o there's a crossed line5. [en fútbol] crossfield ball o pass6. [en competición deportiva] round [in knockout competition];les tocó el cruce más difícil they got the toughest draw* * *m1 de especies cross2 de carreteras crossroads sg3:cruce en las líneas TELEC crossed line4 DEP crossfield pass, cross* * *cruce nm1) : crossing, cross2) : crossroads, intersectioncruce peatonal: crosswalk* * *cruce n1. (en general) junction / crossroads2. (paso de peatones) crossing3. (híbrido) cross4. (telefónico) crossed line -
62 premier
premier, -ière1 [pʀəmje, jεʀ]1. adjective• arriver/être premier to arrive/be firstc. ( = de base) [échelon, grade] bottom ; [ébauche, projet] first• quel est votre premier prix pour ce type de voyage ? what do your prices start at for this kind of trip?d. ( = originel, fondamental) [cause, donnée, principe] basic ; [objectif] primary ; [état] initial, original2. masculine noun, feminine nouna. (dans le temps, l'espace) first• parler/passer/sortir le premier to speak/go/go out first• elle fut l'une des premières à... she was one of the first to...b. (dans une hiérarchie, un ordre) il a été reçu dans les premiers he was in the top fewc. (dans une série, une comparaison) Pierre et Paul sont cousins, le premier est médecin Peter and Paul are cousins, the former is a doctor3. masculine nouna. first• c'est leur premier ( = enfant) it's their first child• mon premier est... (charade) my first is in...► en premier [arriver, parler] first• pour lui, la famille vient toujours en premier his family always comes first4. compounds* * *
1.
- ière pʀəmje, ɛʀ adjectif1) ( dans le temps) first2) ( dans l'espace) first3) ( dans une série) first‘livre premier’ — ‘book one’
Napoléon Ier — Napoleon I, Napoleon the First
4) ( dans une hiérarchie) [artiste, écrivain, puissance] leading; [élève, étudiant] topêtre premier — [élève, étudiant] to be top; [coureur] to be first
nos premiers prix or tarifs — ( pour voyages) our cheapest holidays GB ou package tours US; ( pour billets) our cheapest tickets
5) ( originel) [impression] first, initial; [éclat] initial; [aspect] original6) ( essentiel) [qualité] prime; [objectif, conséquence] primary7) Philosophie [terme, notion, donnée] fundamental; [vérité, principe] first
2.
nom masculin, féminin1) ( dans le temps) first2) ( dans une énumération) firstle premier de mes fils — ( sur deux fils) my elder son; ( sur plus de deux fils) my eldest son
3) ( dans un classement)arriver le premier — [coureur] to come first
être le premier de la classe — [élève] to be top of the class
3.
nom masculin1) ( dans un bâtiment) first floor GB, second floor US2) ( jour du mois) first3) ( arrondissement) first arrondissement
4.
en premier locution adverbiale
5.
de première (colloq) locution adjective first-ratec'est de première — it's first-class ou first-rate
Phrasal Verbs:* * *pʀəmje, jɛʀ (-ière)1. adj1) (dans le temps) firstC'est notre premier jour de vacances depuis Noël. — It's our first day off since Christmas.
C'est la première fois que je viens ici. — It's the first time I've been here.
du premier coup — at the first attempt, at the first go
Il est arrivé premier. — He came first., He was the first to arrive.
2) (du bas) (branche, marche, grade) lowest, bottomau premier étage — on the first floor Grande-Bretagne on the second floor USA
3) (en importance) firstde premier ordre — first-class, first-rate
de première qualité; de premier choix — best quality, top quality
4) (= fondamental) basic5)le Premier ministre — the Prime Minister, the Premier, the Premier of Queensland, the Queensland Premier
2. nm1) (= premier étage) first floor Grande-Bretagne second floor USA2) (= personne)3) (= jour)4)3. nf1) (= personne)2) AUTOMOBILES (= vitesse) first, first gear3) CHEMINS DE FER, AVIATION (= classe) first class4) ÉDUCATION (= classe) Year 12sixth year of secondary school (age 16-17)5) [spectacle] THÉÂTRE first night, CINÉMA première6) (chose faite pour la première fois) first* * *A adj1 ( qui commence une série) [habitant, emploi, automobile, symptôme] first; Adam fut le premier homme Adam was the first man; c'est la première fois que je viens ici this is the first time I've been here; la première et la dernière fois the first and last time; les premiers temps de the initial period of; (dans) les premiers temps tout allait bien at first things went well;2 ( qui précède dans l'espace) [porte, rue, visage, carrefour] first; les trois premières rues the first three streets; les premières marches (de l'escalier) the first few steps;3 ( dans une série) [numéro, chapitre, mot, candidat] first; première personne du singulier/du pluriel first person singular/plural; le premier janvier/juin the first of January/of June; article premier du code pénal first article of the penal code; ‘livre premier’ ‘book one’; Napoléon Ier Napoleon I ou the First; Elisabeth Ire Elizabeth I ou the First;4 ( par sa supériorité) [artiste, écrivain, producteur, puissance] leading; [élève, étudiant] top; le premier producteur mondial de vin the world's leading wine producer; être premier [élève, étudiant] to be top; [coureur] to be first; il est premier en physique he's top in physics; terminer or arriver premier [coureur] to come first; une affaire de première importance/urgence a matter of the utmost importance/urgency; article de première nécessité an absolutely essential item;5 ( par son infériorité) [billet, ticket, place] cheapest; nos premiers prix or tarifs ( pour voyages) our cheapest holidays GB ou package tours US; ( pour billets) our cheapest tickets;6 ( originel) [impression] first, initial; [vivacité, éclat] initial; [aspect] original; recouvrer sa santé première to recover one's health;B nm,f1 ( qui se présente d'abord) first; vous êtes le premier à me le dire you are the first to tell me; il est toujours le premier à se plaindre he's always the first to complain; sortir le premier to go out first; arriver le premier, arriver les premiers to arrive first; les premiers arrivés seront les premiers servis first come, first served;2 ( dans une énumération) first; je préfère le premier I prefer the first one; le premier de mes fils ( sur deux fils) my elder son; ( sur plus de deux fils) my eldest son;3 ( dans un classement) arriver le premier [coureur] to come first; être le premier de la classe [élève] to be top of the class; il est le premier en latin he's top in Latin.C nm1 ( dans un bâtiment) first floor GB, second floor US; monter/descendre au premier to go up/to go down to the first GB ou second US floor; habiter au premier to live on the first GB ou second US floor;2 ( jour du mois) first; être payé tous les premiers du mois to be paid on the first of every month; le premier de l'an New Year's Day;3 ( arrondissement) first arrondissement; habiter dans le premier to live in the first arrondissement;4 ( dans une charade) first; mon premier est my first is.D en premier loc adv faire qch en premier to do sth first; faire passer son travail en premier to put one's work first; recourir à l'arme nucléaire en premier to resort to nuclear weapons in the first instance; citons en premier le livre de notre collègue first of all there's our colleague's book; il faut en premier baisser l'impôt sur les bénéfices first of all it is necessary to reduce taxes on profits.E première nf1 (événement important, exploit) first; première mondiale world first;4 Aut first (gear); être en première to be in first (gear); passer la première to go into first (gear); rouler en première to drive in first (gear);5 ○ Rail, Aviat first class; voyager en première to travel first class; un billet de première a first-class ticket;6 ( couturière dirigeant un atelier) head seamstress;7 ( en alpinisme) first ascent; premier solitaire first solo-ascent;8 ( dans une chaussure) insole.premier âge [produits, vêtements] for babies up to six months ( après n); premier clerc chief clerk; premier communiant boy making his first communion; premier de cordée leader; premier danseur leading dancer; premier jet first ou rough draft; premier maître intermediate rank between chief petty officer and fleet chief petty officer GB, ≈ master chief petty officer US; premier ministre prime minister; premier secrétaire (d'un parti, organisme) first secretary; premier venu just anybody; elle s'est jetée dans les bras du premier venu she threw herself into the arms of the first man to come along; premier violon Mus first violin, leader; première classe Mil ≈ private; première communiante Relig girl making her first communion; première communion Relig first communion; première épreuve Imprim first proof; première nouvelle! that's the first I've heard about it; premiers secours first aid ¢.ⓘ Premier ministre The chief minister of the government, appointed by the Président de la République and responsible for the overall management of government affairs.1. (souvent avant le nom) [initial] earlyles premiers temps at the beginning, early on2. [proche] neareston s'est arrêtés dans le premier hôtel venu we stopped at the first hotel we came to ou happened to come to4. [dans une série] firstà la première heure first thing, at first lightdans un premier temps (at) first, to start with, to begin withil a fait ses premières armes à la "Gazette du Nord" he cut his teeth at the "Gazette du Nord"j'ai fait mes premières armes dans le métier comme apprenti cuisinier I started in the trade as a cook's apprenticepremier jet (first) ou rough ou initial drafta. [personnes et matériel] emergency servicesb. [soins] first aida. [généralement] first partb. [au spectacle] opening act5. [principal] mainde (toute) première nécessité/urgence (absolutely) essential/urgentc'est vous le premier intéressé you're the main person concerned ou the one who's got most at stakesortir premier d'une Grande école to be first on the pass list (in the final exam of a Grande école)l'idée première était de... the original idea was to...8. [spontané] firstson premier mouvement his first ou spontaneous impulse9. (après le nom) [fondamental] firstMATHÉMATIQUES [nombre] prime[polynôme] irreducibleprincipe premier first ou basic principle10. [moindre]et ta récitation, tu n'en connais pas le premier mot! you haven't a clue about your recitation, have you?la robe coûte 400 euros et je n'en ai pas le premier sou the dress costs 400 euros and I haven't a penny (UK) ou cent (US) to my name11. GRAMMAIREpremière personne du singulier/pluriel first person singular/pluralvoir aussi link=pluriel pluriel12. CUISINEcôte/côtelette première prime rib/cutlet————————, première [prəmje, ɛr] nom masculin, nom féminin1. [personne]elle est la première de sa classe/au hit-parade she's top of her class/the charts2. [chose]3. [celui-là]plantez des roses ou des tulipes, mais les premières durent plus longtemps plant roses or tulips, but the former last longervoir aussi link=cinquième cinquième————————nom masculin1. [dans une charade]3. [dans des dates]Aix, le premier juin Aix, June 1stle premier avril April Fool's ou All Fools Dayle premier janvier ou de l'an New Year's Day————————première nom féminin2. [exploit]être/passer en première to be in/to go into firstbillet/wagon de première first-class ticket/carriage8. IMPRIMERIE [épreuve] first proof[édition - d'un livre] first edition ; [ - d'un journal] early edition9. [d'une chaussure] insole————————de première locution adjectivale————————en premier locution adverbialepremier de cordée nom masculin————————premier degré nom masculin2. [phase initiale] first step3. (figuré)————————premier prix nom masculin1. COMMERCE lowest ou cheapest pricedans les premiers prix at the cheaper ou lower end of the scale2. [récompense] first prize -
63 канал
bed радио, canal, bore, cavity, chain, artificial channel, channel, channeling, circuit связь, conduit, cut, duct, ( матрицы или волоки) orifice, hole, pass, conveying passage, flow passage, water passage, passage, path, port, race, channel slot, ( в системах пакетной связи) slot, track кфт., ( передачи данных) trunk вчт., watercourse* * *кана́л м.1. ( искусственное сооружение) canalкана́л закры́т или откры́т для прохо́да судо́в — the canal is closed or opened to trafficоблицо́вывать кана́л — line a canalосуществля́ть судохо́дство по кана́лу — navigate a canalкана́л подаё́т во́ду … — a canal conveys water from … to …по кана́лу перево́зится ( столько-то) [m2]тонн гру́за — the canal handles [carries] (so many) tons of cargo2. свз. channelвыделя́ть кана́л — drop (off) a channelзанима́ть кана́л — capture a channelкана́л мо́жно уплотни́ть телефо́нным и телегра́фным кана́лами — a telephone channel may be combined with telegraph channelsорганизова́ть кана́л — derive a channelосвобожда́ть кана́л — relinquish a channelответвля́ть кана́л — drop a channelотводи́ть [назнача́ть] кана́л — assign [allocate] a channelперегружа́ть кана́л — congest a channelкана́л поражё́н — the channel is disturbed [perturbed, victimized]разделя́ть кана́лы — separate channelsкана́л свобо́ден — the channel is clearукла́дывать кана́лы — insert (blocks of) channels into proper position in the base-band frequency spectrumуплотня́ть кана́л с временны́м разделе́нием — time-multiplex a channel, use a channel on a time-division multiplex basisуплотня́ть кана́л с часто́тным разделе́нием — frequency-multiplex a channel, use a channel on a frequency-division multiplex basisкана́л явля́ется исто́чником перехо́дных поме́х — this is a disturbing [offending] channel3. ( в полупроводниковых приборах) channel4. ( в печах и подобных устройствах) flue5. ( проход) conduit, duct, passageабоне́нтский кана́л — local [subscriber's] loopбезнапо́рный кана́л — gravity-flow conduitкана́л без обра́тной свя́зи — one-way channelвентиляцио́нный кана́л1. air [ventilation, cooling] duct2. ( линейный) venting channelвертика́льный кана́л ( мартена) — down-take, uptakeвертика́льный, возду́шный кана́л ( мартена) — air uptakeводоотво́дный кана́л — catch drain, drainage canalводопрово́дный кана́л — water-supply [water-conveying] canalводосли́вный кана́л — overflow canalволочи́льный кана́л метал. — die holeкана́л воспроизведе́ния — reproducing channelвпускно́й кана́л — admission [intake, inlet, induction] portвыпускно́й кана́л — exhaust [outlet] portвытяжно́й кана́л1. exhaust duct2. горн. foul air flueгазоотводя́щий кана́л — gas-escape channelдеривацио́нный кана́л — diversion canalкана́л для прово́док стр. — service ductкана́л для сбро́са па́водка — floodway, flood control canalкана́л для уравне́ния давле́ния — pressure equalizing passageзали́вочный кана́л пласт. — sprue channelкана́л за́писи — recording channelкана́л запро́са навиг. — interrogation linkкана́л звуково́го сопровожде́ния тлв. — sound channelзерка́льный кана́л радио — image channelзолово́й кана́л тепл. — sluicewayкана́л изображе́ния тлв. — video channelискрово́й кана́л физ. — spark channelка́бельный кана́л — cable ductка́бельный, бето́нный кана́л — concrete troughкана́л ка́бельной канализа́ции — cable ductкла́панный кана́л авто — valve portкана́л ко́ксовой батаре́и, подо́вый — sole flueкана́л ко́ксовой пе́чи, перекидно́й — crossover flueконтро́льный кана́л ( системы передачи по ЛЭП) — pilot channelлесоспла́вный кана́л ( в составе гидроузла) — log chuteлесоспла́вный кана́л слу́жит для про́пуска сплавно́го ле́са че́рез плоти́ну — the log chute puts logs through the damли́тниковый кана́л1. литейн. gate2. пласт. sprue channelлопа́точный кана́л ( турбины) — blade passageмаслопрово́дный кана́л авто — oil duct, oil passageма́сляный кана́л двс. — oil galleryмежлопа́точный кана́л ( турбины) — blade passageмелиорати́вный кана́л — soil-reclamation canalморско́й кана́л — maritime canalмультипле́ксный кана́л — multiplexor channelмультипле́ксный кана́л мо́жет рабо́тать в мультипле́ксном или монопо́льном режи́ме — the multiplexor channel can operate in the multiplex or burst modesмультипле́ксный кана́л освобожда́ет проце́ссор от непосре́дственной свя́зи с устро́йствами вво́да-вы́вода — the multiplexor channel relieves the processor of communicating directly with I/ O devicesмультипле́ксный кана́л осуществля́ет непосре́дственное управле́ние устро́йствами вво́да-вы́вода — the multiplexor channel is the direct controller of I/ O devicesмультипле́ксный кана́л рабо́тает по запро́сам — the multiplexor channel operates on demandмультипле́ксный, ба́йтовый кана́л — byte multiplexor channelмультипле́ксный, бло́ковый кана́л — block multiplexor channelкана́л мундштука́ пласт. — die channelкана́л наса́дки регенера́тора тепл. — checker flueобводни́тельный кана́л — water supply canalобводно́й кана́л гидр. — by-pass (channel)объё́мный кана́л полупр. — bulk channelороси́тельный кана́л — irrigation [irrigating] channelороси́тельный, магистра́льный кана́л — irrigating mainосуши́тельный кана́л — drainage channelкана́л переда́чи да́нных — data (communication) channelкана́л переда́чи да́нных, дискре́тный — digital data (communication) channelкана́л переда́чи да́нных, подтона́льный — subvoice grade channelкана́л переда́чи да́нных тона́льной частоты́ — voice-band data (communication) channelкана́л переда́чи да́нных, цифрово́й — digital data (communication) channelперепускно́й кана́л — by-pass (channel)кана́л пе́чи, дымово́й — waste gas [chimney] flueкана́л пе́чи, отводя́щий — offtakeкана́л пе́чи, охлажда́ющий — cooling flueподводя́щий кана́л — intake conduitкана́л поддо́на метал. — runnerподхо́дный кана́л гидр. — approach channelкана́л полево́го транзи́стора — channel of a field-effect transistorприто́чный кана́л — influent channel, intake ductпрямо́й кана́л ( в передаче данных) — private lineпылеосади́тельный кана́л — dust-collecting [precipitating] ductкана́л рабо́чей решё́тки ( турбины) — blade passageрадиореле́йный кана́л — radio-relay [microwave] channelкана́л радиосвя́зи, веща́тельный — broadcast channelрадиотелеметри́ческий кана́л — radiotelemetry channelкана́л реле́йной защи́ты — retay-protection channelкана́л реле́йной защи́ты, блокиро́вочный — carrier-blocking channelкана́л реле́йной защи́ты телеблокиро́вки — pilot channelсамотё́чный кана́л гидр. — gravity-flow conduitсбросно́й кана́л гидр. — escape (discharge) canalкана́л свя́зи — communication channelнабира́ть кана́л свя́зи — set up a channelкана́л свя́зи, авиацио́нный — aeronautical service channelкана́л свя́зи без па́мяти — memoryless channelкана́л свя́зи без поме́х — noiseless channelкана́л свя́зи, бина́рный симметри́чный — symmetric binary channelкана́л свя́зи, высокочасто́тный — carrier channel, carrier linkкана́л свя́зи дежу́рного приё́ма ав. — guard channelкана́л свя́зи, дискре́тный — discrete [digital] channelкана́л свя́зи, коммути́руемый — switched [dial-up] circuit, switched [dial-up] channelкана́л свя́зи на орбита́льных дипо́лях — dipole channelкана́л свя́зи, некоммути́руемый — leased [rented, unswitched] channelкана́л свя́зи, односторо́нний — one-way channelкана́л свя́зи, опти́ческий — optical channelкана́л свя́зи по ли́нии электропереда́чи — power-line-carrier [p.l.c.] channelкана́л свя́зи с аддити́вной поме́хой — additive-noise channelкана́л свя́зи с асинхро́нным уплотне́нием — asynchronously multiplexed channelкана́л свя́зи с временны́м разделе́нием — time-shared channelкана́л свя́зи, си́мплексный — simplex [one-way] channelкана́л свя́зи, служе́бный — engineering channel, engineering circuitкана́л свя́зи с па́мятью — channel with memoryкана́л свя́зи с поме́хами — noisy channelкана́л свя́зи с часто́тным разделе́нием — frequency-division multiplexed channelкана́л свя́зи с часто́тным уплотне́нием — frequency-division-multiplex lineкана́л свя́зи, уплотнё́нный — multiplexed channelселе́кторный кана́л ( в системах обработки и передачи информации) — selector channelселе́кторный кана́л позволя́ет подключа́ть к проце́ссору до, напр. 5 устро́йств вво́да-вы́вода — the selector channel attaches up to, e. g., 5 I/ O devicesселе́кторный кана́л рабо́тает в монопо́льном режи́ме — the selector channel operates in the burst modeсливно́й кана́л гидр. — escape [discharge] channelкана́л с неукреплё́нными отко́сами — unlined canalкана́л с обра́тной свя́зью — feedback [two-way] channelсоплово́й кана́л ( турбины) — nozzle passageсто́чный кана́л — escape canal, house drainсудохо́дный кана́л — navigation [navigable, ship] canalтелевизио́нный кана́л — television channelтелегра́фный кана́л — telegraph channelтелегра́фный кана́л по сре́дним то́чкам телефо́нных цепе́й — simplexed [superimposed] telegraph circuitтелеметри́ческий кана́л — telemeter(ing) channelтелефо́нный, высокочасто́тный кана́л — carrier telephone channelтона́льный кана́л — voice-frequency [v.f.] channelто́почный кана́л — heating flueкана́л управле́ния — control channelфи́льмовый кана́л ( кинокамеры или кинопроектора) — film gateформу́ющий кана́л пласт. — moulding channelшла́ковый кана́л тепл. — sluicewayшлюзо́ванный кана́л — lock canalкана́л экстру́дера, рабо́чий — screw channel of an extruderэнергети́ческий кана́л — hydraulic-power canalэпитаксиа́льный кана́л полупр. — epitaxial channelкана́л я́дерного реа́ктора, авари́йный — safety channelкана́л я́дерного реа́ктора, боково́й — by-pass, side channelкана́л я́дерного реа́ктора для (вы́вода) пучка́ — beam port, beam hole, beam tubeкана́л я́дерного реа́ктора для облуче́ния — exposure [radiation] hole, irradiation tunnel, irradiation portкана́л я́дерного реа́ктора для образцо́в — sample holeкана́л я́дерного реа́ктора для прибо́ров — instrumental holeкана́л я́дерного реа́ктора, рабо́чий — reactor fuel tube, reactor fuel channelкана́л я́дерного реа́ктора, технологи́ческий — reactor fuel channelкана́л я́дерного реа́ктора, эксперимента́льный — experimental port, test [experimental] hole -
64 λαγχάνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `obtain by lot (office, complains), obtain one's portion' (on the meaning Debrunner Mus. Helv. 1, 36ff.) (Od.)Other forms: aor. λαχεῖν (Il.), causat. λελαχεῖν (Il.), perf. λέλογχα (λ 304), λέλᾰχα (Emp.), εἴληχα (A., Att.), fut. λάξομαι (Hdt.), λήξομαι (Pl.), pass. perf. εἴληγμαι, aor. ληχθῆναι (Att.),Derivatives: 1. With old o-coloured full grade: λόγχη f. `share' (Ion.; on the acc. cf. Schwyzer 459 b 1); with εὔ-λογχος = εὔ-μοιρος (Democr.) with εὑλογ\<χ\> εῖν εὑμοι-ρεῖν H. 2. With zero grade: λάξις `portion, share (of land)' (Hdt., Miletus), Άπόλαξις (Eretria); Λάχεσις f. name of one of the Moirai, also appellat. `share, lot' (Hes., Pi.; after γένεσις? Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 93, Porzig Satzinhalte 336f.; cf. esp. Νέμεσις and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 51 n. 1); younger formations λάχος n. `lot, share' (Thgn., Pi., A.; also Arc.) and λάχη ( λαχή?) f. `id.' (A. Th. 914, H.); cf. on λαχαίνω; PN Λάχης, - ητος m. (Th.); λαχμός = λάχος `id.' (Sch., Eust.). 3. With sec. full grade (cf. below): λῆξις ( σύν-, διά-, ἀντί-) `drawing (lot), lot, i. e. written complaint' (Att.). To the old λέλογχα, λόγχη and λαχεῖν, λάξις arose after εἴληφα, λήψομαι, λῆψις ( λαγχάνω: λαμβάνω, λαχεῖν: λαβεῖν) as innovations εἴληχα, λήξομαι, λῆξις etc.Etymology: No certain agreement. Quite doubtful hypothesis by Mayrhofer ZDMG 105, 181 n. 2 (S. 182; after Thieme): to Skt. lakṣá- `stake' (: λάχος as vatsá-: Ϝέτος; but λάχος is innovation). On earlier attempts s. Bq. - A notable agreement with Λάχεσις is Messap. Logetibas (dat.pl.), to which Λάγεσις θεός. Σικελοί H.; it must be an old loan; cf. Krahe Arch. f. Religionswiss. 30, 393ff., Kretschmer Glotta 12, 278ff.; on the o-vowel also Krahe Glotta 17, 102 n. 2.Page in Frisk: 2,69-70Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαγχάνω
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65 λέπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `peel (off)' (Il.)Other forms: aor. λέψαι, fut. λέψω (Il.), perf. midd. ἀπο-λέλεμμαι (Epich.), aor. pass. ἀπελέπη ἀπελεπίσθη H.; also with ablaut λέλαμμαι (Att. inscr. around 330a), ἐκ-λαπῆναι (Ar. Fr. 164),Dialectal forms: Myc. repoto \/leptos\/.Derivatives: Many derivv. A. With ε-grade (from the present): 1. λεπτός (cf. στρεπ-τός a.o. in Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1,17) `peeled' = `unveiled' (Υ 497), `thin, meager, weak, fine, delicate' (Il., often as 1. member. Poet. lengthened λεπτ-αλέος `weak, fine' (Il.; Chantraine Form. 255), λεπτ-ακινός'id.' (AP; from *λέπταξ ?, Bechtel Lex. s. φυζακινός); further λεπτίον `beaker' (pap.) from λεπτόν (sc. κεράμιον) `thin earthenware' (pap.), λεπτάγιον kind of vase? ( PHib. 1, 47, 13; IIIa; acc. to the edd. perh. = λεπτόγειον `barren land'), λεπτάριον name of a medic. instrument (Herm. 38, 282); λεπτίτιδες κριθαί kind of barley (Gp.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 113); λεπτότης f. `thinness, leanness etc.' (IA.), λεπτοσύνη `id.' (AP); λεπτύνω, - ομαι `make thin etc. resp. become' (Hp., X., Arist.) with λεπτυσμός, λέπτυνσις (Hp.), - υντικός (Dsc., Gal.). - 2. λεπρός `scaly, with eruption, uneven, raw' (Hp., Hippon., hell.), f. λεπράς (Theoc., Opp.); λέπρα, ion. - ρη `efflorescence, leprosy' (Ion., Arist., hell.), both prob. first from an ρ-stem (cf. Schwyzer 481); with λεπρώδης `with unevennesses, leprous' (Ael., Dsc., medic.), λεπρικός `regarding efflorescence' (Dsc., pap.); denomin. verbs λεπράω `become scaly, efflorescent' (Ion.), also λεπρ-ιάω (Dsc.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω); λεπρόομαι `become efflorescent' (LXX, pap.) with λέπρωσις = λέπρα (Tz.), λεπρύνομαι `besome scaly, uneven' (Nic.). - 3. λέπος n. (Alex., Nic., Luc.) with λέπιον (Hp.), usu. λεπίς, - ίδος f. (Ion. hell.) `scale, shell, pod, metal plate' with dimin. λεπίδιον (Hero), also as plant-name `pepperwort' (Dsc., Gal., Ath.; as remedy against efflorescence), λεπιδίσκη `id.' (Imbros IIa); further λεπιδ-ωτός `scaly' (Hdt., Arist.), with λεπιδόομαι `become scaly' (Hp.); other denomin.: λεπίζω (: λέπος or λεπίς) `remove the scale etc., peel off' (hell.) with λέπισμα `scale' (LXX, Dsc., Gal.); ἐλέπουν οἷον ἐλέπιζον. H. (: λεπόω, - έω); note λέπασμα `pod, skin' (sch. Nic. Th. 184); rather lengthened from λέπος as from *λεπάζω. - 4. On λεπάς, λέπας s. v. - 5. λέπῡρον `scale, pod' (LXX, Batr.) with λεπυρώδης `like scales' (Thphr.); λεπύρ-ιον `id.' (Hp., Arist., Theoc.), - ιώδης `like scales, consisting of...' (Arist., Thphr.), λεπυρίζομαι `be enveloped by a scale' (sch.), λεπυριῶσαι ἐξαχυριῶσαι H.; besides λεπῠρός `in a scale' (Nic.); on the υ-stem beside λέπρ-α, λέπος cf. e. g. αἶσχος. On itself stands λεπύχανον `coat (of an onion), fruit-schale' (Theopomp. Com., Plu., Dsc.), prob. popular cross with λάχανον, s. Strömberg Wortstudien 52. - B. With ο-grade. 6. λοπός m. `scale, rind' (τ 233, Hp.) with λόπιμος `easy to peel off', (Nic., Gal.), λόπιμα κάστανα... H.; Arbenz Adj. auf - ιμος 101; dimin. λοπάς f. `dish', also name of a crustacean and a plant-disease (com., Thphr., Luc.), with λοπάδ-ιον (com., pap.), - ίσκος (sch.); λοπίς `scale, dish etc.' (Ar., inscr.) with λοπίδιον (Delos); denomin. λοπάω `scale off, let the bark peel off' (Thphr.) with λοπητός m. `time to be peeled off' (Thphr.), λοπίζω `be peeled off' (Thphr., pap.). -7. On ἔλλοψ s. v. - C. With lengthened grade s. λώπη `pod, coat' (Od., Theoc., A. R.), λῶπος m. `id.' (Alc. [?], Hippon., Anacr., Herod.); as 1. member in λωπο-δύ-της m. "who travels in (foreign) clothes", `thief of clothes' with λωποδυτ-έω etc. (Att.); suffixless form λώψ χλαμύς H.; cf. Schwyzer 515, Chantraine Form. 424. Dimin. λώπιον (Arist., inscr.); denomin. ἀπο-, περι-λωπίζω `undress, put off' (S., Hyp.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The primary thematic present λέπω, from which all verbal forms were derived ( λέλαμμαι, - λαπῆναι innovations after ἔστραμμαι, στραφῆναι etc.), has no direct agreements outside Greek. There are a few nominal formations, which resemble the Greek forms: Lith. lãpas `leaf', Alb. lapë `rag, leaf, peritoneum' (: λοπός), Lith. lõpas `rag, piece' (: λῶπος; also OE lōf m. `band of the forehead'??, Holthausen IF 32, 340), with Russ. lápotь `shoe of bark' (lapotók `rag, piece'); quite doubtful OE leber, læfer f. `rush, cane, metal plate' (: λέπρα?; Holthausen IF 48, 255). With λέπος one compared also Lat. s-stem lepōs `fine-ness, delicacy', and the Slav. extension in Russ. lépest `rag, piece, leaf of a flower'. Given the productivity of these formations and the varying meanings we may have parallel creations. - Further, partly very doubtful and debated forms in WP. 2, 429f., Pok. 678, W.-Hofmann s. lepidus, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. lãpas, lõpas, also lèpti `be coddled', Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. lépest, lápotь, lópotõk; with rich lit. - We can safely conclude that the verb is not IE: there is hardly a formal agreement, nor does the meaning agree well. So the verb will be Pre-Greek. Note the forms λεπάγιον, λεπακινός, λέπασμα, λέπυρον, λεπύχανον, λέπρα, λώψ, λῶπος etc. The verb may be compared with ὀλόπτω and ὀλούφω, which would also point to a non-IE word.Page in Frisk: 2,105-107Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λέπω
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66 μέλω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `be anxious, care for, go to the heart'; ἐπι-μέλομαι and - έομαι Schwyzer 721) `care for', μετα-μέλομαι, μετα-μέλει μοι `repent' (IA.).Other forms: 3. sg. μέλει μοι, μέλομαι, fut. μελήσω, - σει, - σομαι (Il.), aor. μελῆσαι, ἐμέλησε (Att.), pass. μεληθῆναι (S.), perf. μέμηλα, -ε (Il.), midd. μέμβλεται, - το (Il., with new present μέμβλομαι [A. R., Opp.]), μεμέληκε (Att.), μεμέλημαι (Theoc., Call.)Derivatives: 1 μέλημα n. `anxiety, object of care, darling' (Sapph., Pi., A.), μελησμός `care' (EM). 2. μελέτωρ, - ορος m. `who cares for' = `avenger' (S. El. 846); cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 10f., Benveniste Noms d'agent 32. - 3. μελετάω `care for, study, practise oratory' (Hes., h. Merc.) beside μελέτη `care, educator, pactice etc.' (Hes.); because of the accent (: γενετή, τελετή a. o.) prob. at least partly backformation like e.g. ἀγάπη from ἀγαπάω; diff. e.g. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 115 a. 152, Porzig Satzinhalte 246; on the deverbatives in - ( ε)τάω Schwyzer 705; from this μελετη-ρός `who likes practice' (X.). From μελετάω: μελέτ-ημα `practise' (Att.), - ησις `id.' (AB). - ητικός `caring' (LXX), - ητής m. `trainer' (Aristid.), - ητήριον `place for practice' (Plu.). -- 4. μελε-δῶνες f. pl. (late sg.) `cares, concerns' (v. l. τ 517, h. Hom., Hes., Thgn.), also μελη-δόνες, - δών `id.' (Simon., A. R.); - εδων- and - ηδον- both metr. conditioned for - εδον-; μελεδῶναι pl. `id.' (v.l. τ 517, Sapph., Theoc., sg. - ώνη Hp.); on - ών: - ώνη Egli Heteroklisie 12; μελεδωνός m. f. `watcher' (Ion.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 234), - ωνεύς `id.' (Theoc.; Boßhardt 65). Here as denominat. μελεδαίνω `care for' (Ion., Archil.; Schwyzer 724; besides μελεταίνω Argos VIa after μελετάω) with μελεδήματα pl. = μελε-δῶνες (Ψ 62; after νοήματα, Porzig Satzinhalte 187; cf. also Debrunner IF 21, 34), μελεδήμων `caring' (Emp., AP; after νοήμων a. o., Chantraine Form. 173), μελεδ-ηθμός `practice' (Orac.); backformation μελέδη f. `care' (Hp.; after μελέτη). -- From ἐπι-μέλομαι: 1. ἐπιμελ-ής `caring for, anxious, who is at the heart' (IA.) with verbal function of the σ-stem (Schwyzer 513); from it ἐπιμέλεια `care, attention' (Att.); 2. ἐπιμελη-τής m. `who cares, governor' etc. To μετα-μέλομαι analogically μεταμέλεια `repentance, change of mind' (Att.); also (backformation) μετάμελος `id.' (Th. 7, 55).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Beside the full grade thematic root-present μέλω (Schwyzer 684) stands with remarkable lengthened grade the perfect μέμηλα (archaic; s. Specht KZ 62, 67 with Schulze), to which with zero grade and remarkable thematic vowel the middle μέμβλεται, - το for *με-μλ-ε- (Schwyzer 770 a. 768, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 426 u. 432). The η-enlargement in μελ-ή-σω (Schwyzer 782 f., Chantraine 1, 446) conquered in time the whole verbal system: μελῆ-σαι, - θῆναι, μεμέλη-κε, - μαι. -- No convincing etymology. Against the connection with μέλλω (e.g. Curtius 330f., Pok. 720, Hofmann Et. Wb.) WP. 2, 292, who considers the connection with μάλα `very', Lat. melior `better' (Prellwitz, Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 3, 459, Bq). (W.-) Hofmann s. melior reminds after Loth Rev. celt. 41, 211 of Welsh gofal `caree', diofal `without care, quiet', dyfal `attent'. -- Machek Studia in hon. Acad. d. Dečev 51 f. wants to equate μέλει μοι with Čech. mele mne `I am grieved'.Page in Frisk: 2,204-206Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέλω
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67 ὀφείλω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to owe, to have to pay, to be obliged, to be due' (IA., also Il.)Other forms: ὀφέλλω (Aeol., Arc., also Hom.), ὀφήλω (Cret., Arc., Arg.), aor. 1. ὀφειλ-ῆσαι, pass. - ηθῆναι, fut. - ήσω (hell. also - έσω), perf. ὠφείληκα (Att.), aor. 2. ὤφελον, ὄφελον (Il., Att.). Beside it ὀφρλισκάνω, fut. ὀφλ-ήσω, aor. 1. - ῆσαι, perf. ὤφληκα (Att.), ptc. dat. pl. Ϝοφληκόσι, 3. pl. [Ϝο]φλέασι (Arc.), aor. 2. ὀφλεῖν (IA.), also wit ἐπ-, προσ-, `to be guilty, to incur a punishment, to be sentenced'.Derivatives: A. From pres. ὀφείλω: ὀφειλ-έτης m., - έτις f. `debtor' (S., Pl.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 62 a. 241 f.) with - έσιον n. `small debt' (Eust.), - ημα n. (Th., Pl., Arist.; ὀφήλωμα [Cret.] after ἀνάλωμα), - ησις f. (pap. IIIa) `debt, indebted sum'; -ή f. `debt, leasing' (pap., NT). B. From the aorist ὀφλεῖν: ὄφλ-ημα n. (D., Arist., pap.), - ησις f. (LXX) `penalty, fine'; - ητής m. `debtor' (gloss.), ὀφλοί ὀφειλέται, ὀφειλαί H.Etymology: The system ὀφλεῖν: ὀφλισκ-άνω: ὀφλήσω: ὤφληκα agrees with (except for the enlarging - άνω; Schwyzer 700) the group εὑρεῖν: εὑρίσκω, εὑρήσω, εὕρηκα; to this came the aorist ὀφλῆσαι (Lys. a. late); also [Ϝο]φλέ-ασι has the same enlarged zero grade without second. κ. Beside this system built on a zero grade themat. aorist stands another, based on the full grade aorist ὤφελον, to which came the nasal present *ὀφέλ-νω ( \> ὀφείλω, ὀφέλλω, ὀφήλω) like ἔτεμον: τέμνω. As the formation of the present ὀφείλω became unclear through the phonetic development, it could become the basis of another system. Also semantically the formal pairs went different ways. -- An old problem provides Ϝο- which appears only in an Arc. inscription. While some, e.g. Brugmann IF 29, 241 (cf. on οἴγνυμι), want to see in it a prefix (to Lat. au-, vē-, Skt. áva `away (from)'; diff. Vollgraff Mél. Bq 2, 339), others are inclined, e.g. Solmsen KZ 34, 450f., Fraenkel Phil. 97, 162, to see Ϝο- as reversed writing for ὀ- (further in Schwyzer 226 n. 1). -- Further quite isolated and dark; an attempt to connect ὀφείλω etc. with ὀφέλλω `augment' in v. Windekens Ling.Posn. 8, 35 ff. -- On the explanation of the individual forms Schwyzer 709 and 746 w. n. 9 (partly diff.), also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 314 (w. lit.) a. 394;Page in Frisk: 2,450-451Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀφείλω
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68 πλύνω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: ( πλύνεσκον Χ 155), aor. πλῦναι (Od.), fut. πλῠν-έω (ep. Ion.), -ῶ (Att.), pass. perf. πέπλυμαι (IA.), aor. πλυθῆναι (hell.), fut. - θήσομαι (Com. Adesp.).Derivatives: Adj. 1. νεό-, ἔκ-πλυ-τος `newly washed, washed out' (ζ 64 and A., Pl.), πλυτός `washed' (Hp.); 2. ἐϋ-πλυν-ής `washed well' (Od.); 3. πλυν-τικός `belonging to washing' (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 135), πλυ-τικός `id.' (Alex. Aphr.). Subst. 4. πλυνοί m. pl. `washing pits, -troughs, -sites' (Hom., hell.; Chantraine Form. 192) with the dimin. πλύνιον n. (inscr. Sicily); with barytonesis 5. πλύνος m. `laundry' (pap., ostr.; Mayser Pap. I: 3, 3); unclear Ar. Pl. 1061; with πλυνεύς m. `washer' (Att. inscr., Poll.; cf. Bosshardt 81). Further nom. actionis: 6. πλύσις ( περί-, κατά-, ἀπό- πλύνω) f. `washing' (IA.), late ἀπόπλυν-σις (Sophon.); πλύσιμος `belonging to laundry' (pap. IIIa); 7. πλύμα ( ἀπό-, περί- πλύνω; πλύσμα Phot., also mss.) n. `washing-, swilling water, swill' (Hp., Pl. Com., Arist., pap.); 8. πλυσμός πλυτήρ H. Nom. agentis a. istr.: 9. πλύν-τρια f. `washer (fem.)' (Att. inscr., Poll.), - τρίς f. `id.' (Ar.), also `fuller's earth' (botanics in Thphr.; Capelle RhM 104, 58), masc. πλύν-της (Poll.), πλύ-της (EM, Choerob.); also πλυτήρ (H.; s. above) and *πλυν-τήρ in Πλυν-τήρ-ια n. pl. name of a purification-festival (Att. inscr., X.) with - ιών, - ιῶνος m. monthname (Thasos), if not rather analog. after other subst. in - τήρια, - τήριον (s. Chantraine Form. 63 f.); thus κατα-πλυντηρ-ίζω metaph. `to shower with abusive words' prop. `to immerse in swilling water, to drench with swilling water'?; 10. πλύν-τρον n. = πλύμα (Arist.). pl. `payment for washing' (pap. IIIa, Poll.).Etymology: As κρί̄νω from *κρί-ν-ι̯ω, πλύ̄νω from *πλύ-ν-ι̯ω is a nasalpresent with a further yot-suffix; the nasal came also in non-pres. forms; cf. Schwyzer 694. As a whole πλύνω is a Greek creation, but on IE basis (on Armen. bel.). Thus πλυτός agrees formally with Skt. pluta- `swimming, overrun' (first in compp., e.g. uda-plu-t-á- `swimming in the water' [AV]), also with Russ. plot `raft', Latv. pluts `id.' (Russ. LW [loanword]?). Thus πλύσις = Skt. pluti- f., as gramm. expression `vowellengthening', late also `flood'; at least in the lastmentioned case we must reckon with parallel innovation. Both these zero grade forms as perf. midd. pu-plu-v-e a.o. fit in the full-grade present plávate = πλέω; a zero-grade pres., also with nasalsuffix, is found in Arm. lua-na-m (aor. lua-c`i), which agrees also semantically ('wash, bathe') to πλύνω. -- Further s. πλέω and πλώω. (Prob. no to πύελος.)Page in Frisk: 2,564-565Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλύνω
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69 σπέρχομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: Act. σπέρχω, mostly with ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-, `to come rushing in, to huddle, to be upset, to be impassioned'; act. w. ἐπι-, κατα- also trans. `to press, to incite, to spur' (mostly ep. poet., Il.).Other forms: only pres. stem except aor. pass. ptc. σπερχθείς (Pi., Hdt.) and fut. σπέρξομαι ὀργισθήσομαι, aor. ἐσπερξάμην ἠπείλησα, ὠργίσθην H.Derivatives: As 2. member in περι-, ἐπι-σπερχής `hurried' (S., X. a.o.) to περι-, ἐπι-σπέρχω; but ἀ-σπερχές `vigorous, intense' (Hom.) from *σπέρχος n., beside which σπερχ-νός `swift, hasty, violent' (Hes. Sc., Hp., A. a. o.) as in e.g. ἔρεβος: ἐρεμνός. Here σπέργδην ἐρρωμένως and κατασπερχάδην (cod. - άτην) H. (explanation: spoiled; s. Latte ad loc.); σπερχυλλάδην κέκραγας ( Com. Adesp. 30). PN like Σπερχ-ύλος, - ων, - ις, FlN Σπερχ-ειός (like Άλφειός, Πηνειός).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [998] *sperǵh- `hurry'Etymology: Beside the full grade primary σπέρχομαι Iran. has an also primary but zero grade ipf. Av. a-spǝrǝzatā `he was diligently exerting himself', in Skt. a zero grade secondary formation spr̥hayati (would be Greek *σπαρχέω) `be zealous, zealously desire' (since Curtius 195). Much less certain is the connection of Germ., e.g. OHG springan `spring' from assumed IE *spr-en-ǵh- with nasalinfix (WP. 2, 675, Pok. 998 with Persson Stud. 27; s. the lit. in WP. l. c.).Page in Frisk: 2,764Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπέρχομαι
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70 כבש
כְּבַש, כְּבֵישch. same, 1) to press, grade, make a path. Targ. Job 19:12 (h. text סלל). Targ. Is. 40:3; a. e.Part. pass. כָּבִיש, f. כְּבִישָׁא. Targ. O. Num. 20:19 (not כְּבָשָׁא). Targ. Is. 11:16; a. e.Pl. כְּבִישִׁין dams. Ib. 19:10.Erub.34b כְּבוּשוּ כבשיוכ׳ make a dam (or embankment) in the reed-marshes. 2) to press on, to put on ( the head). Targ. Y. Lev. 8:13 (h. text חבש). 3) to bind, fillet; to inlay. Targ. Y. Ex. 38:28 (h. text חשק; O. Pa.). Targ. Is. 54:11.Part. Pass. as ab.; pl. f. כְּבִישָׁן. 4) (with על) to tread upon, to stamp out. Targ. Mic. 7:19. Targ. Esth. 1:5. 5) (interch. with Pa.) to suppress, oppress; to conquer, force; to violate. Targ. Josh. 8:21. Targ. Ps. 4:6. Targ. II Esth. 7:8; a. fr.Part. pass. as Ab. Targ. Hos. 5:11.Zeb.73b, נִיכְבְּשִׁינְהוּ, v. נוּד ch. Y.Sabb.IV, end, 7a דילמא לא כ׳ צינתה will it (the band around the head) not overcome (counter-act the effect of) the cold? 6) to withhold, detain. Targ. Y. II Gen. 29:22.Nidd.39b a hen that laid one day וכַבְשָׁה יומאוכ׳ and held back (failed to lay) one day 7) to hide (the face); to close (the eyes). Targ. Ex. 3:6. Targ. Lev. 20:4; a. fr.Targ. O. Deut. 22:1 ed. Berl. (ed. Ithpe); ib. 4 (sub. עינין).B. Bath.40b כְּבִישְׁנָא לשטרוכ׳ I shall hide the deed of mortgage. Pa. כַּבֵּיש same. Targ. Prov. 16:32 מְכַבֵּיש Ms. (ed. מַכְבֵּיש Af.) who conquers. Targ. Josh. 8:19.Targ. O. Ex. 38:28 (v. supra). Targ. Lam. 3:34; a. fr.Snh.95a דכַבְּשִׁית בתקוף ידי which I conquered with the strength of my hand; (ib. כבשית כל מדינתי, read כנשית;) Yalk. Is. 284.Part. pass. מְכַבַּש, f. מְכַבְּשָׁא; pl. מְכַבְּשִׁין; מְכַכְּשָׁן. Targ. Ex. 38:17 (h. text מחשקים). Ib. 27:17 (not מְכֻבָּשִׁין, v. O. ed. Berl.). Targ. Am. 6:4.Targ. Jer. 18:15 (h. text סלולה); a. e. Af. אַכְבֵּיש, v. supra. Ithpe. אִתְכְּבֵיש 1) to be conquered; to be subdued, oppressed. Targ. Num. 32:22. Targ. Y. Gen. 16:9 (some ed. אתכנעי); a. e. 2) (of the face) to be sunk (in fear, shame), to grieve. Targ. Gen. 4:5; 6 (h. text נפל). 3) to withdraw ones self. Targ. O. Deut. 22:1, v. supra. -
71 כביש
כְּבַש, כְּבֵישch. same, 1) to press, grade, make a path. Targ. Job 19:12 (h. text סלל). Targ. Is. 40:3; a. e.Part. pass. כָּבִיש, f. כְּבִישָׁא. Targ. O. Num. 20:19 (not כְּבָשָׁא). Targ. Is. 11:16; a. e.Pl. כְּבִישִׁין dams. Ib. 19:10.Erub.34b כְּבוּשוּ כבשיוכ׳ make a dam (or embankment) in the reed-marshes. 2) to press on, to put on ( the head). Targ. Y. Lev. 8:13 (h. text חבש). 3) to bind, fillet; to inlay. Targ. Y. Ex. 38:28 (h. text חשק; O. Pa.). Targ. Is. 54:11.Part. Pass. as ab.; pl. f. כְּבִישָׁן. 4) (with על) to tread upon, to stamp out. Targ. Mic. 7:19. Targ. Esth. 1:5. 5) (interch. with Pa.) to suppress, oppress; to conquer, force; to violate. Targ. Josh. 8:21. Targ. Ps. 4:6. Targ. II Esth. 7:8; a. fr.Part. pass. as Ab. Targ. Hos. 5:11.Zeb.73b, נִיכְבְּשִׁינְהוּ, v. נוּד ch. Y.Sabb.IV, end, 7a דילמא לא כ׳ צינתה will it (the band around the head) not overcome (counter-act the effect of) the cold? 6) to withhold, detain. Targ. Y. II Gen. 29:22.Nidd.39b a hen that laid one day וכַבְשָׁה יומאוכ׳ and held back (failed to lay) one day 7) to hide (the face); to close (the eyes). Targ. Ex. 3:6. Targ. Lev. 20:4; a. fr.Targ. O. Deut. 22:1 ed. Berl. (ed. Ithpe); ib. 4 (sub. עינין).B. Bath.40b כְּבִישְׁנָא לשטרוכ׳ I shall hide the deed of mortgage. Pa. כַּבֵּיש same. Targ. Prov. 16:32 מְכַבֵּיש Ms. (ed. מַכְבֵּיש Af.) who conquers. Targ. Josh. 8:19.Targ. O. Ex. 38:28 (v. supra). Targ. Lam. 3:34; a. fr.Snh.95a דכַבְּשִׁית בתקוף ידי which I conquered with the strength of my hand; (ib. כבשית כל מדינתי, read כנשית;) Yalk. Is. 284.Part. pass. מְכַבַּש, f. מְכַבְּשָׁא; pl. מְכַבְּשִׁין; מְכַכְּשָׁן. Targ. Ex. 38:17 (h. text מחשקים). Ib. 27:17 (not מְכֻבָּשִׁין, v. O. ed. Berl.). Targ. Am. 6:4.Targ. Jer. 18:15 (h. text סלולה); a. e. Af. אַכְבֵּיש, v. supra. Ithpe. אִתְכְּבֵיש 1) to be conquered; to be subdued, oppressed. Targ. Num. 32:22. Targ. Y. Gen. 16:9 (some ed. אתכנעי); a. e. 2) (of the face) to be sunk (in fear, shame), to grieve. Targ. Gen. 4:5; 6 (h. text נפל). 3) to withdraw ones self. Targ. O. Deut. 22:1, v. supra. -
72 כְּבַש
כְּבַש, כְּבֵישch. same, 1) to press, grade, make a path. Targ. Job 19:12 (h. text סלל). Targ. Is. 40:3; a. e.Part. pass. כָּבִיש, f. כְּבִישָׁא. Targ. O. Num. 20:19 (not כְּבָשָׁא). Targ. Is. 11:16; a. e.Pl. כְּבִישִׁין dams. Ib. 19:10.Erub.34b כְּבוּשוּ כבשיוכ׳ make a dam (or embankment) in the reed-marshes. 2) to press on, to put on ( the head). Targ. Y. Lev. 8:13 (h. text חבש). 3) to bind, fillet; to inlay. Targ. Y. Ex. 38:28 (h. text חשק; O. Pa.). Targ. Is. 54:11.Part. Pass. as ab.; pl. f. כְּבִישָׁן. 4) (with על) to tread upon, to stamp out. Targ. Mic. 7:19. Targ. Esth. 1:5. 5) (interch. with Pa.) to suppress, oppress; to conquer, force; to violate. Targ. Josh. 8:21. Targ. Ps. 4:6. Targ. II Esth. 7:8; a. fr.Part. pass. as Ab. Targ. Hos. 5:11.Zeb.73b, נִיכְבְּשִׁינְהוּ, v. נוּד ch. Y.Sabb.IV, end, 7a דילמא לא כ׳ צינתה will it (the band around the head) not overcome (counter-act the effect of) the cold? 6) to withhold, detain. Targ. Y. II Gen. 29:22.Nidd.39b a hen that laid one day וכַבְשָׁה יומאוכ׳ and held back (failed to lay) one day 7) to hide (the face); to close (the eyes). Targ. Ex. 3:6. Targ. Lev. 20:4; a. fr.Targ. O. Deut. 22:1 ed. Berl. (ed. Ithpe); ib. 4 (sub. עינין).B. Bath.40b כְּבִישְׁנָא לשטרוכ׳ I shall hide the deed of mortgage. Pa. כַּבֵּיש same. Targ. Prov. 16:32 מְכַבֵּיש Ms. (ed. מַכְבֵּיש Af.) who conquers. Targ. Josh. 8:19.Targ. O. Ex. 38:28 (v. supra). Targ. Lam. 3:34; a. fr.Snh.95a דכַבְּשִׁית בתקוף ידי which I conquered with the strength of my hand; (ib. כבשית כל מדינתי, read כנשית;) Yalk. Is. 284.Part. pass. מְכַבַּש, f. מְכַבְּשָׁא; pl. מְכַבְּשִׁין; מְכַכְּשָׁן. Targ. Ex. 38:17 (h. text מחשקים). Ib. 27:17 (not מְכֻבָּשִׁין, v. O. ed. Berl.). Targ. Am. 6:4.Targ. Jer. 18:15 (h. text סלולה); a. e. Af. אַכְבֵּיש, v. supra. Ithpe. אִתְכְּבֵיש 1) to be conquered; to be subdued, oppressed. Targ. Num. 32:22. Targ. Y. Gen. 16:9 (some ed. אתכנעי); a. e. 2) (of the face) to be sunk (in fear, shame), to grieve. Targ. Gen. 4:5; 6 (h. text נפל). 3) to withdraw ones self. Targ. O. Deut. 22:1, v. supra. -
73 כְּבֵיש
כְּבַש, כְּבֵישch. same, 1) to press, grade, make a path. Targ. Job 19:12 (h. text סלל). Targ. Is. 40:3; a. e.Part. pass. כָּבִיש, f. כְּבִישָׁא. Targ. O. Num. 20:19 (not כְּבָשָׁא). Targ. Is. 11:16; a. e.Pl. כְּבִישִׁין dams. Ib. 19:10.Erub.34b כְּבוּשוּ כבשיוכ׳ make a dam (or embankment) in the reed-marshes. 2) to press on, to put on ( the head). Targ. Y. Lev. 8:13 (h. text חבש). 3) to bind, fillet; to inlay. Targ. Y. Ex. 38:28 (h. text חשק; O. Pa.). Targ. Is. 54:11.Part. Pass. as ab.; pl. f. כְּבִישָׁן. 4) (with על) to tread upon, to stamp out. Targ. Mic. 7:19. Targ. Esth. 1:5. 5) (interch. with Pa.) to suppress, oppress; to conquer, force; to violate. Targ. Josh. 8:21. Targ. Ps. 4:6. Targ. II Esth. 7:8; a. fr.Part. pass. as Ab. Targ. Hos. 5:11.Zeb.73b, נִיכְבְּשִׁינְהוּ, v. נוּד ch. Y.Sabb.IV, end, 7a דילמא לא כ׳ צינתה will it (the band around the head) not overcome (counter-act the effect of) the cold? 6) to withhold, detain. Targ. Y. II Gen. 29:22.Nidd.39b a hen that laid one day וכַבְשָׁה יומאוכ׳ and held back (failed to lay) one day 7) to hide (the face); to close (the eyes). Targ. Ex. 3:6. Targ. Lev. 20:4; a. fr.Targ. O. Deut. 22:1 ed. Berl. (ed. Ithpe); ib. 4 (sub. עינין).B. Bath.40b כְּבִישְׁנָא לשטרוכ׳ I shall hide the deed of mortgage. Pa. כַּבֵּיש same. Targ. Prov. 16:32 מְכַבֵּיש Ms. (ed. מַכְבֵּיש Af.) who conquers. Targ. Josh. 8:19.Targ. O. Ex. 38:28 (v. supra). Targ. Lam. 3:34; a. fr.Snh.95a דכַבְּשִׁית בתקוף ידי which I conquered with the strength of my hand; (ib. כבשית כל מדינתי, read כנשית;) Yalk. Is. 284.Part. pass. מְכַבַּש, f. מְכַבְּשָׁא; pl. מְכַבְּשִׁין; מְכַכְּשָׁן. Targ. Ex. 38:17 (h. text מחשקים). Ib. 27:17 (not מְכֻבָּשִׁין, v. O. ed. Berl.). Targ. Am. 6:4.Targ. Jer. 18:15 (h. text סלולה); a. e. Af. אַכְבֵּיש, v. supra. Ithpe. אִתְכְּבֵיש 1) to be conquered; to be subdued, oppressed. Targ. Num. 32:22. Targ. Y. Gen. 16:9 (some ed. אתכנעי); a. e. 2) (of the face) to be sunk (in fear, shame), to grieve. Targ. Gen. 4:5; 6 (h. text נפל). 3) to withdraw ones self. Targ. O. Deut. 22:1, v. supra. -
74 wechseln
I v/t (hat gewechselt)1. change (auch Öl, Reifen etc.); (austauschen, auch Schläge, Worte etc.) exchange; die Fahrbahn wechseln change ( oder switch) lanes; die Kleider wechseln change (one’s clothes); das Hemd etc. wechseln put on a clean shirt etc.; die Schuhe wechseln put on another pair of shoes; Unterwäsche zum Wechseln spare underwear; den Arbeitsplatz / Arzt wechseln change jobs / doctors, find another job / go to another doctor; die Schule wechseln change ( oder switch) schools; die Partei wechseln go over to another party, join the other side; den Partner wechseln change partners; die Wohnung wechseln move (house), move to another house; das Zimmer wechseln change rooms, move to another room; Besitzer, Thema 1 etc.2. (Geld) change; (Währung) (ex)change; (abwechseln [lassen]) alternate; Geld wechseln in Kleingeld: get (some) change; können Sie einen Hunderter wechseln? can you change a hundred euro etc. note?; Dollar in Euro wechseln change dollars into euros3. (austauschen) exchange; ein paar Worte mit jemandem wechseln have ( oder exchange) a few words with s.o.; sie wechselten Blicke they exchanged glances; Briefe mit jemandem wechseln correspond with s.o.II v/i (ist) change; (verschieden sein, abwechseln) vary; Wild: pass; wechseln in (+ Akk) oder nach etc. switch (over) to, move to; kannst du wechseln? (hast du Kleingeld?) can you change this?, have you got change for this?; ich kann nicht wechseln I’ve got no change* * *to exchange; to rotate; to change* * *wech|seln ['vɛksln]1. vtto change ( in +acc into); (= austauschen) to exchange; (FTBL ETC) to substitute (gegen for)den Tisch/die Schule/das Hemd wechseln — to change tables/schools/one's shirt
die Farbe wechseln — to change colour (Brit) or color (US)
die Wohnung wechseln — to move house (Brit), to move
2. vi1) to change; (SPORT) to change (over); (= einander ablösen) to alternateich kann Ihnen leider nicht wechseln — I'm sorry, I don't have any change
* * *1) ((sometimes with into) to remove (clothes etc) and replace them by clean or different ones: I'm just going to change (my shirt); I'll change into an old pair of trousers.) change2) (to give or receive (one kind of money for another): Could you change this bank-note for cash?) change3) (to give, or give up, in return for something else: Can you exchange a dollar note for two 50-cent pieces?) exchange4) (the act of exchanging the money of one country for that of another.) exchange5) (to move through different stages: Red grades into purple as blue is added.) grade* * *wech·seln[ˈvɛksl̩n]I. vt▪ etw \wechseln to change sth2. (umtauschen)▪ [jdm] etw \wechseln to change sth [for sb]▪ etw \wechseln to change sthmacht es Ihnen was aus, mit mir den Platz zu \wechseln? would you mind if we changed [or traded] places?II. vikönnen Sie mir \wechseln? can you change that for me?2. (den Arbeitgeber wechseln) to go to a different job* * *1.transitives Verb1) changeein Hemd zum Wechseln — a spare shirt; s. auch Besitzer 1)
2) ([aus]tauschen) exchange <letters, words, glances, etc.>3) (umwechseln) change <money, note, etc.> (in + Akk. into)2.intransitives Verb1) (sich ändern) changewechselnde Bewölkung, wechselnd wolkig — (bei Wettervorhersagen) variable cloud
2) mit sein (überwechseln) move* * *A. v/t (hat gewechselt)1. change (auch Öl, Reifen etc); (austauschen, auch Schläge, Worte etc) exchange;die Fahrbahn wechseln change ( oder switch) lanes;die Kleider wechseln change (one’s clothes);das Hemd etcwechseln put on a clean shirt etc;die Schuhe wechseln put on another pair of shoes;Unterwäsche zum Wechseln spare underwear;den Arbeitsplatz/Arzt wechseln change jobs/doctors, find another job/go to another doctor;die Schule wechseln change ( oder switch) schools;die Partei wechseln go over to another party, join the other side;den Partner wechseln change partners;die Wohnung wechseln move (house), move to another house;Geld wechseln in Kleingeld: get (some) change;können Sie einen Hunderter wechseln? can you change a hundred euro etc note?;Dollar in Euro wechseln change dollars into euros3. (austauschen) exchange;ein paar Worte mit jemandem wechseln have ( oder exchange) a few words with sb;sie wechselten Blicke they exchanged glances;Briefe mit jemandem wechseln correspond with sbwechseln in (+akk) odernach etc switch (over) to, move to;kannst du wechseln? (hast du Kleingeld?) can you change this?, have you got change for this?;ich kann nicht wechseln I’ve got no change* * *1.transitives Verb1) changeein Hemd zum Wechseln — a spare shirt; s. auch Besitzer 1)
2) ([aus]tauschen) exchange <letters, words, glances, etc.>3) (umwechseln) change <money, note, etc.> (in + Akk. into)2.intransitives Verb1) (sich ändern) changewechselnde Bewölkung, wechselnd wolkig — (bei Wettervorhersagen) variable cloud
2) mit sein (überwechseln) move* * *v.to alternate v.to bandy v.to change v.to shift v.to swap v.to switch v. -
75 moyenne
mwajɛn
1.
2.
1) ( norme) averageau-dessous/au-dessus de la moyenne — below/above average
2) École ( moitié de la note maximale) half marks GB, 50%j'ai eu tout juste la moyenne — ( à un examen) I barely passed; ( à un devoir) I just got half marks GB, I just got 50%
3) ( après calcul) average4) ( vitesse) average speed* * *mwajɛn nf1) [prix, taux] average2) ÉDUCATION (à l'examen) pass mark3) AUTOMOBILES average speed4) STATISTIQUE mean* * *[mwajɛn] adjectif féminin→ link=moyen moyen————————[mwajɛn] nom féminin1. [généralement] averagecalculer ou faire la moyenne de to work out the average ofmoyenne arithmétique/géométrique arithmetic/geometric mean2. [vitesse moyenne] average speedfaire une moyenne de 90 km/h to average 90 km/hnotes au-dessus/au-dessous de la moyenne marks above/under halfj'ai eu tout juste la moyenne [à un examen] I just got a pass[relative] average (mark)4. [ensemble]la moyenne des gens most people, the vast majority of people————————en moyenne locution adverbiale -
76 repêchage
repêchage [ʀ(ə)pε∫aʒ]masculine nouna. [d'objet, noyé] recoveryb. [de candidat] épreuve/question de repêchage exam/question to give candidates a second chance* * *ʀ(ə)pɛʃaʒnom masculin1) ( dans l'eau) recovery ( from water)2) École, Universitéexamen or épreuve de repêchage — resit GB, retest US
* * *ʀ(ə)pɛʃaʒ nmÉDUCATION second chanceIl a eu le baccalauréat au repêchage. — He got through the bac on his second chance.
* * *repêchage nm1 ( dans l'eau) recovery (from water);2 Scol, Univ ( de candidat) awarding of a pass by discretion GB, raising to a passing grade US; examen or épreuve de repêchage resit GB, retest US; question (de) repêchage supplementary question (giving another chance to pass).[rəpeʃaʒ] nom masculin1. [d'un objet] fishing out[d'un corps] recovery -
77 läpäistä
yks.nom. läpäistä; yks.gen. läpäisen; yks.part. läpäisi; yks.ill. läpäisisi; mon.gen. läpäisköön; mon.part. läpäissyt; mon.ill. läpäistiinget through (verb)go through (verb)pass (verb)penetrate (verb)permeate (verb)pierce (verb)* * *• make it a rule• pervade• transmit• permeate• penetrate• suffuse• pass• XMIT• make the grade• go through• get through• get through to• enter• bore• pierce• pass through -
78 τρύω
τρύω [ῡ], Keil-PremersteinA Erster Berichtp.9 ([place name] Troketta), cj. in Orph.Fr.270.5: [tense] fut. τρύσω [ῡ] A.Pr.27:—used mostly in [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. τέτρῡμαι (v. infr.), other tenses being borrowed from τείρω and perh. τρύχω, τρυχόω: but [tense] aor. [voice] Med.κατα-τρύσαιο Nic.Al. 593
: [tense] pres. [voice] Pass.τρύομαι Call.Fr.5.4P.
, IGRom.4.360.21 (Pergam., ii A. D.): cf. ἀποτρύω:—wear out, distress, l. c.:—[voice] Pass., to be worn out,τέτρυσαι Simon.144
;τετρῦσθαι ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον κακοῦ Hdt.1.22
, cf. 2.129;δάκρυσιν τετρύμεθα AP9.549
(Antiphil.): mostly in part. τετρυμένος (freq. with v.l. τετριμμένος), τετρ. ταλαιπωρίῃσί τε καὶ ἡλίῳ Hdt.6.12
;πόνοις τετρυμένα σώματα Pl.Lg. 761d
;γήρᾳ AP6.228
([place name] Adaeus); γήραϊ καὶ πενίῃ ib.7.336;τετρ... εὗδεν Ἔρως AP9.627
(Marian.);ἐκ πορείας Plu.Eum.15
; , cf. 1.71.3;ὑπὸ τῆς κακοπαθείας Id.10.13.11
; τετρυμένη κλίνη, = τρυφερῶς ἐστρωμένη, Sor. 1.68 (s. v.l.). (τρῡ-, found also in ἄ-τρῡ-τος, τρύ-χ-ω, τρῦχος, is the weak grade of τερῠ-, found in τερύσκεται, τέρυ (qq.v.); cf. also τείρω, ἀ-τερά-μων.) -
79 πράσσω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to pass through, to travel' (only ep.), `to finish, to accomplish, to do, to exact', intr. `to come to an end, to succeed, to act'.Other forms: Att. - ττω, Cret. - δδω, ep. Ion. πρήσσω, fut. πράξω, Ion. - ήξή, aor. πρᾱ̃ξαι, - ῆξαι (all Il.), pass. πραχθῆναι (S., Th.), perf. πέπρᾱγα, - ηγα (Pi., Hdt.), -ᾱχα, - ηχα (Att., Hdt.), pass. πέπραγμαι (A.).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. δια-, εἰσ-, κατα-, συν-. Compounds, e.g. εὑ-, κακο-πρᾱγ-ία f. `prosperity, success', resp. `accident, misfortune' (Pi., Att.) with εὑ-, κακο-πρᾱγ-έω (Att.); anal. δυσ-, κακο-πρᾱγής (Vett. Val., H., not from πρᾶγος); also εὑ-πραξ-ία, Ion. - πρηξ-ίη f., after πρᾶξις, πρᾶξαι.Derivatives: (Compact survey). Nom. actionis: 1. πρᾶξις, πρῆξις (also w. δια-, κατα- a.o.) f. `realisation, accomplishment, advancement, act, exaction' (Il.) with πραξ-είδιον n. dimin. (EM), - ιμος `realisable' (Cyprus II-IIIp), `recoverable' (Delos I-IIp), also πράκτιμος (from Dor. *πρᾶκτις or after πρακτι-κός?) `liable to a money-penalty' (Delphi IIa). Further, with formation after the adj. abstr. (cf. Schwyzer 468 f.), the compp. προ-πραξ-ία f. `precedence in negotiation' (Acarnan. inscr. V-IVa), ὑπερ-πράξ-ιον n. `over-exaction, blackmailing' (Mylasa Vp); cf. also 10. below. -- 2. πρᾶγμα (posthom.), Ion. πρῆχμα (\< - κσμ-; inscr.), πρῆγμα (Hdt.; for πρῆχμα?, s. Schulze Festschr. Kretschmer 217 ff. = Kl. Schr. 409ff.) n. `performed act, fact, business', pl. `facts, state affairs etc.'; as 2. member in ἀ-, πολυ-πράγμων etc.; from this πραγμά-τιον, - τικός, - τίας, - τᾶς, - τώδης, - τεύομαι with - τευμα, - τεία, - τειώδης, - τευτής, - τευ-τικός. -- 3. πρᾶγος n. poet. replacement for the worn out πρᾶγμα (Pi., trag.; Schwyzer 512). -- 4. πρακτύς Dor. = πρᾶξις (EM). -- Nom. agentis: 5. πρακτήρ, πρηκτήρ, - ῆρος m. `executor, tradesman' (Hom.), `exactor' (hell.) with - τήριος `effective, decisive' (A.). -- 6. πράκτωρ, - ορος m. `executor, avenger' (A., S., Antiph.), `exactor, tax official' (Att., pap.) with - τορ-ικός, - ειος, - εύω with - εῖον, - εία (- ία?); on the meaning of πράκτωρ Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 220f., 2, 8 f. a. 49 f., Benveniste Noms d'agent 32; attempt to a semant. differentiation of πρακτήρ and πράκτωρ ibd. 47. --7. εἰσ-, ἐκ-πράκτης m. `collector, tax official' (Aq.). -- 8. πρηξών = ἀγοραῖος, i.e. `notary' (Sicil.; Theognost.); prob. from πρῆξις (Schwyzer 517). -- 9. Adj. πρακτικός `concerning action, skilled, practical' (Att.; Chantraine Études 140).Etymology: All forms go back on a common stem πρᾱκ- (analog. πρᾱγ-; Schwyzer 715), which is a κ-enlargement of the zero grade πρᾱ- in πρᾱ-θῆναι, πέ-πρᾱ-μαι, πι-πρά̄-σκομαι etc. (s. πέρνημι) with further connection with πέρᾱ, πείρω (s. vv.) etc. The function of the velar (cf. πλήσσω: πλη-γ-ή, τμή-γ-ω: τέμ-ν-ω, τέμα-χος a.o.) can be designated as terminative (Schwyzer 702 w. n. 5 a. lit.). Assuming a nominal *πρᾱκ- (Schw. 496) is superfluous and unconvincing. For the primary character of πράσσω, πρᾶξαι tell also the old deriv. πρᾶξις, πρῆξις; on this Schw. 505 (where n. 6 is reckoned with a "derived πρήσσω"). -- On meaning and use of πράσσω s. Snell Phil. 85, 141 ff., Braun Stud. itfilcl. N. S. 15, 243ff.Page in Frisk: 2,589-591Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πράσσω
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80 ῥαπίζω
ῥαπίζω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: ἐπι- (also `to reproach'), `to beat with a stick, a rod, by hand', pass. `to be beaten' (ΙΑ.).Compounds: Rarely w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι- (also `to reproach').Derivatives: ῥάπ-ισμα n. `stroke, slap in the face, box on the ears' (Antiph., NT, Luc.), - ισμός m. `id.' (Corn., Sor.); ἐπιρράπ-ιξις f. `reproach' (Ion. Hist.), - ισμός `id.' (Plb.). -- Besides as 2. member - ραπις in χρυσό-ρραπις, voc. -ι `with a golden rod', surname of Hermes (Od., h. Merc., Pi.), ἐΰ-ρραπις ( Έρμῆς) `with a beautiful rod' (Nonn.); ῥαπίς as simplex = ῥάβδος only H., Phot.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: As the simplex ῥαπίς may have been deduced from χρυσό-ρραπις and here - ις can be explained as compound-suffix ( ἄν-αλκ-ις, ἵππ-ουρ-ις), the basis of ῥαπίζω is uncertain. It may come from a noun (*ῥάψ, *ῥαπ-ή v.t.), but it can also be tranformation of a primary verb; cf. the examples in Schwyzer 735 f. -- Formally ῥαπίζω could be a zero grade formation of ῥέπω, ῥόπαλον and would indicate, if deverbative, a sweeping movement (of a rod, the hand etc.). Further s. ῥέπω; vgl. 1. ῥώψ, ῥάβδος, ῥάμνος; also ῥάπτω. -- The word may well be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,642-643Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥαπίζω
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