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go+beyond+powers

  • 101 Vorstellungsvermögen

    n Vorstellungskraft
    * * *
    Vor|stel|lungs|ver|mö|gen
    nt
    powers pl of imagination
    * * *
    Vor·stel·lungs·kraft
    Vor·stel·lungs·ver·mö·gen
    nt kein pl [powers npl of] imagination
    ▶ jds \Vorstellungsvermögen sprengen to be beyond sb's imagination
    * * *
    das; o. Pl. [powers pl. of] imagination
    * * *
    * * *
    das; o. Pl. [powers pl. of] imagination

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Vorstellungsvermögen

  • 102 power

    1. noun
    1) сила; мощность, энергия; производительность; by power механической силой, приводом от двигателя; without power с выключенным двигателем; the mechanical powers простые машины
    2) могущество, власть (тж. государственная); влияние, мощь; supreme power верховная власть; the party in power партия, стоящая у власти
    3) полномочие; the power of attorney доверенность
    4) держава; the Great Powers великие державы
    5) способность; возможность; I will do all in my power я сделаю все, что в моих силах; it is beyond my power это не в моей власти; spending power покупательная способность; speech power дар речи
    6) collocation много, множество; a power of money куча денег; а power of good много пользы
    7) math. степень; eight is the third power of two восемь представляет собой два в третьей степени
    8) opt. сила увеличения (линзы, микроскопа и т. п.)
    9) (attr.) силовой, энергетический; моторный; машинный
    10) (attr.) power politics политика с позиции силы
    more power to your elbow! желаю успеха!
    the powers that be власти предержащие, сильные мира сего
    merciful powers! силы небесные!
    Syn:
    jurisdiction
    2. verb
    снабжать силовым двигателем
    * * *
    (n) власть; возможность; держава; мощность; полномочие; производительность; умственная способность; энергия; эффективность
    * * *
    1) способность, возможность 2) сила 3) власть
    * * *
    [pow·er || 'paʊə(r)] n. сила, мощь, энергия, мощность; производительность; могущество, власть, влияние, государственная власть; сверхъестественные силы;, возможность, способность, полномочие; держава; множество, степень, сила увеличения v. снабжать силовым двигателем adj. силовой, энергетический, моторный, машинный
    * * *
    влада
    власть
    властям
    возможность
    государство
    держава
    доверенность
    могущество
    мощность
    полномочие
    полномочия
    право
    производительность
    сила
    состоятельность
    способность
    степень
    энергетический
    энергия
    * * *
    1. сущ. 1) а) сила б) способность в) значение (слова в контексте) 2) а) сила (физическая) б) физ. сила в) оптика оптическая сила линзы 3) а) власть б) юр. полномочия 4) а) сверхъестественное существо, божество; б) вооруженный отряд 2. гл. 1) а) приводить в действие или движение; являться приводным двигателем б) питать (электро)энергией 2) а) двигаться на большой скорости б) мор. двигаться с помощью мотора, а не паруса 3) поддерживать

    Новый англо-русский словарь > power

  • 103 полномочие

    с
    authority, power

    широ́кие полномо́чия — wide/sweeping powers

    чрезвыча́йные полномо́чия — emergency powers

    срок полномо́чий — term of office

    предоставля́ть кому-л полномо́чия — to empower sb (to do sth), to give/to grant sb powers, to invest lit sb with authority/power

    превыша́ть свои́ полномо́чия — to exceed/to go beyond one's powers, to overstep one's authority

    слага́ть с себя́ полномо́чия — to resign (from one's office), to hand in/to submit/to tender one's resignation

    делега́ция, облада́ющая все́ми необходи́мыми полномо́чиями — a fully empowered delegation

    Русско-английский учебный словарь > полномочие

  • 104 превышать полномочия

    1) General subject: (свои) abuse authority, go beyond orders
    3) Diplomatic term: go beyond the verge of powers
    4) Police term: exceed duties
    5) Business: exceed authority

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > превышать полномочия

  • 105 hinausgehen

    v/i (unreg., trennb., ist -ge-)
    1. go ( oder walk) out ( aus of; auf die Straße into the street), leave ( aus s.th.); ins Freie: auch go outside
    2. Weg etc.: lead out ( aus of); hinausgehen auf (+ Akk) Tür: open onto, lead to; das Fenster/Zimmer geht auf den Park / nach Süden hinaus looks out onto the park / faces south
    3. (gesandt werden) go out, be sent out (an + Akk to; in alle Welt all over the world)
    4. unpers.: hier geht es nicht hinaus there is no way out here, you can’t get out here
    5. hinausgehen über (+ Akk) go beyond; Sache: auch surpass
    * * *
    to go off; to exit; to step out; to go out
    * * *
    hi|naus|ge|hen sep irreg aux sein
    1. vi
    1) (= nach draußen gehen) to go out(side)

    aus dem Zimmer/auf die Straße hináúsgehen — to go or walk out of the room/out onto the street

    2) (= gesandt werden) to go (out), to be sent out
    3)

    hináúsgehen (Tür, Zimmer) — to open onto sth; (Fenster) to look (out) onto sth, to open onto sth

    zu or nach etw hináúsgehen (Straße, Weg) — to go out to

    4)

    (fig: = überschreiten) hináúsgehen — to go beyond sth

    über seine Befugnisse hináúsgehen — to overstep one's authority, to exceed one's powers

    2. vi impers
    * * *
    hi·naus|ge·hen
    [hɪˈnausge:ən]
    I. vi Hilfsverb: sein
    1. (nach draußen gehen)
    ▪ [aus etw dat/auf etw akk] \hinausgehen to go out [of sth]
    aus einem Gebäude \hinausgehen to go out of [or leave] a building
    auf die Straße \hinausgehen to go out to the road
    2. (führen)
    ▪ zu etw dat \hinausgehen to lead [out] to sth
    3. (abgeschickt werden)
    ▪ [zu jdm] \hinausgehen to be sent off [to sb]
    4. (gerichtet sein)
    ▪ auf [o nach] etw \hinausgehen to look out on/onto sth
    nach Osten \hinausgehen to face east
    ▪ [weit] über etw akk \hinausgehen to go [far] beyond sth, to exceed sth
    II. vi impers Hilfsverb: sein
    wo geht es auf die Straße hinaus? which is the way out [or how can I get out] to the road?
    es geht dort hinaus! that's the way out!
    * * *
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein
    1) s. hinaus-
    2)

    das Zimmer geht zum Garten/nach Westen hinaus — the room looks out on to or faces the garden/faces west

    hier/da geht es hinaus — this/that is the way out

    * * *
    hinausgehen v/i (irr, trennb, ist -ge-)
    1. go ( oder walk) out (
    aus of;
    auf die Straße into the street), leave (
    aus sth); ins Freie: auch go outside
    2. Weg etc: lead out (
    aus of);
    hinausgehen auf (+akk) Tür: open onto, lead to;
    das Fenster/Zimmer
    geht auf den Park/nach Süden hinaus looks out onto the park/faces south
    3. (gesandt werden) go out, be sent out (
    an +akk to;
    in alle Welt all over the world)
    4. unpers:
    hier geht es nicht hinaus there is no way out here, you can’t get out here
    5.
    hinausgehen über (+akk) go beyond; Sache: auch surpass
    * * *
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein
    1) s. hinaus-
    2)

    das Zimmer geht zum Garten/nach Westen hinaus — the room looks out on to or faces the garden/faces west

    hier/da geht es hinaus — this/that is the way out

    * * *
    v.
    to go out v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > hinausgehen

  • 106 endurance

    endurance [ɪnˈdjʊərəns]
    * * *
    [ɪn'djʊərəns], US [-dʊə-]
    noun ( physical) endurance f; ( moral) courage m; ( of cold) résistance f

    past ou beyond endurance — intolérable

    English-French dictionary > endurance

  • 107 недоступный

    2) (превышаюший чьи-л. возможности) unatainable (for), beyond the powers (of); (в денежном отношении) beyond the means (of)
    3) (трудный для понимания) too difficult (for), incomprehensible (to), beyond one's comprehension, beyond the comprehension (of)

    Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > недоступный

  • 108 не по силам

    1) (недостаёт умения, способностей, средств и т. п.) it is beyond one's power (powers, means); it is outside one's competence; it is beyond one

    Шура. А, может быть, вы - хитрый, да? Вы играете на правду? Чтобы околпачить меня? Тятин. Это мне - не по силам. Вы - умная, злая, озорная, совсем как ваш отец; по совести говоря - я вас боюсь. (М. Горький, Егор Булычёв и другие) — Shura. But maybe you're just artful, eh? Maybe you're only pretending to be on the square? Pulling the wool over my eyes? Tyatin. That's a bit beyond me. You're far too clever for me - you've got a temper and you're full of devilment, just like your father. Frankly, I'm afraid of you.

    В наши планы производство племенных лошадей пока что не входило, да и восстановление этих конюшен для нас оказалось бы не по силам. (А. Макаренко, Педагогическая поэма) — The breeding of pedigree horses had not so far been included in our plans - the restoration of these stables would have been beyond our means, anyhow...

    2) (не может выдержать, вынести чего-либо) one cannot stand it any more; one can endure it no longer

    Ему было уже под сорок, и он вынужден был сознаться, что дальнейшее бродячее существование для него не по силам. (М. Салтыков-Щедрин, Господа Головлёвы) — He was nearly forty and he had to admit that he could not stand a homeless life any more.

    Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не по силам

  • 109 Zuständigkeit

    Zuständigkeit f 1. GEN competence; 2. PERS competency; 3. RECHT jurisdiction, competence (Gericht) • Zuständigkeit annehmen RECHT exercise jurisdiction, assert jurisdiction (court)
    * * *
    f 1. < Geschäft> competence; 2. < Person> competency; 3. < Recht> Gericht jurisdiction, competence ■ Zuständigkeit annehmen < Recht> court exercise jurisdiction, assert jurisdiction
    * * *
    Zuständigkeit
    competence, responsibility, (Ausschuss) reference, (Befugnisse) powers, (Gericht) jurisdiction, capacity, cognizance, (Wirkungskreis) province, sphere, line;
    • außerhalb der Zuständigkeit extra vires;
    • außerhalb gerichtlicher Zuständigkeit liegend extra-judicial;
    • außerhalb unserer Zuständigkeit outside our reference;
    • ausschließliche Zuständigkeit exclusive jurisdiction (competence);
    • begrenzte Zuständigkeit limited jurisdiction;
    • erstinstanzliche Zuständigkeit original jurisdiction;
    • fachspezifische Zuständigkeit specific area of responsibility;
    • funktionelle Zuständigkeit (EU) executive powers;
    • konkurrierende Zuständigkeit concurrent jurisdiction;
    • mangelnde Zuständigkeit want of jurisdiction;
    • örtliche Zuständigkeit forum, territorial jurisdiction;
    • sachliche Zuständigkeit jurisdiction in rem, (EU) competence ratione materia;
    • stillschweigende Zuständigkeit implicit responsibility;
    • Zuständigkeit in Berufungssachen (als Berufungsinstanz) appellate jurisdiction;
    • Zuständigkeit für den Erlass von Verwaltungsvorschriften regulatory function;
    • Zuständigkeit in Nachlass- und Vormundschaftssachen probate jurisdiction;
    • Zuständigkeit als Rechtsmittelinstanz supervisory control (jurisdiction);
    • Zuständigkeit in Steuersachen tax jurisdiction;
    • Zuständigkeit in arbeitsrechtlichen Streitigkeiten industrial jurisdiction;
    • Zuständigkeit begründen to establish jurisdiction;
    • örtliche Zuständigkeit begründen to lay the venue;
    • Zuständigkeit bestreiten to plead (challenge) incompetence;
    • im Rahmen seiner Zuständigkeit bleiben to keep within one’s proper sphere;
    • in jds. Zuständigkeit fallen (gehören) to come under the cognizance of s. o.;
    • rechtlich in die Zuständigkeit fallen to fall legally under the scope;
    • unter die Zuständigkeit eines Gerichtes fallen to come within the jurisdiction (fall under the cognizance) of a court;
    • nicht zu jds. Zuständigkeit gehören not to fall in s. one’s province;
    • nicht zur Zuständigkeit eines Ausschusses gehören to be outside the reference of a committee;
    • außerhalb jds. Zuständigkeit liegen to be beyond s. one’s cognizance;
    • in jds. Zuständigkeit liegen to lie within s. one’s competence;
    • im Rahmen der ministeriellen Zuständigkeit liegen to be in the gift of a minister;
    • seine Zuständigkeit überschreiten to transgress (exceed) one’s competence, to act in excess of one’s powers;
    • Zuständigkeit verneinen to disclaim competence.

    Business german-english dictionary > Zuständigkeit

  • 110 Fassungskraft

    f powers Pl. of comprehension, (mental) capacity
    * * *
    Fạs|sungs|kraft
    f (liter)
    (powers of) comprehension or understanding

    die menschliche Fassungskraft übersteigen — to be beyond human understanding

    * * *
    Fas·sungs·kraft
    f kein pl comprehension, understanding
    * * *
    Fassungskraft f powers pl of comprehension, (mental) capacity
    * * *
    f.
    mental capacity n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Fassungskraft

  • 111 Vorstellungskraft

    f (powers Pl. of) imagination; das übersteigt meine Vorstellungskraft the mind boggles; bei Zahlen etc.: auch I can’t cope with those kind of figures etc.
    * * *
    Vor|stel|lungs|kraft
    f
    imagination
    * * *
    Vor·stel·lungs·kraft
    Vor·stel·lungs·ver·mö·gen
    nt kein pl [powers npl of] imagination
    ▶ jds \Vorstellungskraft sprengen to be beyond sb's imagination
    * * *
    die; o. Pl
    * * *
    Vorstellungskraft f (powers pl of) imagination;
    das übersteigt meine Vorstellungskraft the mind boggles; bei Zahlen etc: auch I can’t cope with those kind of figures etc
    * * *
    die; o. Pl

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Vorstellungskraft

  • 112 uprawnienie

    - nia; - nia; gen pl; -ń; nt
    entitlement, right
    * * *
    n.
    1. entitlement, power ( do zrobienia czegoś to do sth); prawn. license, right, ability ( do robienia czegoś to do sth); przekroczyć uprawnienia act beyond one's capacities l. powers; rozszerzyć czyjeś uprawnienia strengthen sb's powers; uprawnienia rządu powers of the state.
    2. pl. (= kwalifikacje) qualifications, eligibility; brak uprawnień ineligibility.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > uprawnienie

  • 113 facoltà

    f invar faculty
    ( potere) power
    avere la facoltà di scelta have a choice, be able to choose
    * * *
    facoltà s.f.
    1 faculty: le facoltà del tatto, della vista e dell'udito, the faculties of touch, sight and hearing; facoltà mentali, mental faculties (o dir. mental powers); essere in possesso di tutte le proprie facoltà, to be in possession of all one's faculties
    2 ( di università) faculty; school: la facoltà di medicina, the Faculty of Medicine (o the Medical Faculty); la facoltà di giurisprudenza, the Faculty of Law; le diverse facoltà, the different schools; consiglio di facoltà, faculty board (o committee); a che facoltà ti sei iscritto?, which faculty are you studying (o are you enrolled) in?
    3 ( autorità, potere) faculty, authority, power; ( diritto) right; ( libertà) liberty: facoltà di scelta, option; (comm.) facoltà di vendita, power of sale; non ho la facoltà di, I have no authority over it (o it is not in my power); non è mia facoltà rispondere a questa domanda, it's not in my power (o it's beyond the scope of my power) to answer this question; non avete facoltà di assolverlo, you have no authority to acquit him (o it is not within your power to acquit him); una medicina che ha la facoltà di far passare la febbre, a medicine with the power to lower temperature
    4 pl. ( ricchezze) means, wealth [U]: non dispone di grandi facoltà, he isn't a rich (o well-off) man.
    * * *
    [fakol'ta]
    sostantivo femminile invariabile

    essere in pieno possesso delle proprie facoltà — to be in possession o command of all one's faculties, to be of sound mind

    2) (libertà, potere) power, option ( di fare of doing)

    la facoltà di scegliere — the right to choose, the freedom of choice

    facoltà di non rispondere — dir. right of silence

    3) univ. faculty
    * * *
    facoltà
    /fakol'ta/
    f.inv.
     1 faculty; facoltà mentali mental faculties o powers; essere in pieno possesso delle proprie facoltà to be in possession o command of all one's faculties, to be of sound mind
     2 (libertà, potere) power, option ( di fare of doing); la facoltà di scegliere the right to choose, the freedom of choice; facoltà di non rispondere dir. right of silence
     3 univ. faculty; facoltà di lettere faculty of Arts; facoltà di giurisprudenza Law faculty.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > facoltà

  • 114 Mind

       It becomes, therefore, no inconsiderable part of science... to know the different operations of the mind, to separate them from each other, to class them under their proper heads, and to correct all that seeming disorder in which they lie involved when made the object of reflection and inquiry.... It cannot be doubted that the mind is endowed with several powers and faculties, that these powers are distinct from one another, and that what is really distinct to the immediate perception may be distinguished by reflection and, consequently, that there is a truth and falsehood which lie not beyond the compass of human understanding. (Hume, 1955, p. 22)
       Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white Paper, void of all Characters, without any Ideas: How comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store, which the busy and boundless Fancy of Man has painted on it, with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of Reason and Knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from Experience. (Locke, quoted in Herrnstein & Boring, 1965, p. 584)
       The kind of logic in mythical thought is as rigorous as that of modern science, and... the difference lies, not in the quality of the intellectual process, but in the nature of things to which it is applied.... Man has always been thinking equally well; the improvement lies, not in an alleged progress of man's mind, but in the discovery of new areas to which it may apply its unchanged and unchanging powers. (Leґvi-Strauss, 1963, p. 230)
       MIND. A mysterious form of matter secreted by the brain. Its chief activity consists in the endeavor to ascertain its own nature, the futility of the attempt being due to the fact that it has nothing but itself to know itself with. (Bierce, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 55)
       [Philosophy] understands the foundations of knowledge and it finds these foundations in a study of man-as-knower, of the "mental processes" or the "activity of representation" which make knowledge possible. To know is to represent accurately what is outside the mind, so to understand the possibility and nature of knowledge is to understand the way in which the mind is able to construct such representation.... We owe the notion of a "theory of knowledge" based on an understanding of "mental processes" to the seventeenth century, and especially to Locke. We owe the notion of "the mind" as a separate entity in which "processes" occur to the same period, and especially to Descartes. We owe the notion of philosophy as a tribunal of pure reason, upholding or denying the claims of the rest of culture, to the eighteenth century and especially to Kant, but this Kantian notion presupposed general assent to Lockean notions of mental processes and Cartesian notions of mental substance. (Rorty, 1979, pp. 3-4)
       Under pressure from the computer, the question of mind in relation to machine is becoming a central cultural preoccupation. It is becoming for us what sex was to Victorians-threat, obsession, taboo, and fascination. (Turkle, 1984, p. 313)
       7) Understanding the Mind Remains as Resistant to Neurological as to Cognitive Analyses
       Recent years have been exciting for researchers in the brain and cognitive sciences. Both fields have flourished, each spurred on by methodological and conceptual developments, and although understanding the mechanisms of mind is an objective shared by many workers in these areas, their theories and approaches to the problem are vastly different....
       Early experimental psychologists, such as Wundt and James, were as interested in and knowledgeable about the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system as about the young science of the mind. However, the experimental study of mental processes was short-lived, being eclipsed by the rise of behaviorism early in this century. It was not until the late 1950s that the signs of a new mentalism first appeared in scattered writings of linguists, philosophers, computer enthusiasts, and psychologists.
       In this new incarnation, the science of mind had a specific mission: to challenge and replace behaviorism. In the meantime, brain science had in many ways become allied with a behaviorist approach.... While behaviorism sought to reduce the mind to statements about bodily action, brain science seeks to explain the mind in terms of physiochemical events occurring in the nervous system. These approaches contrast with contemporary cognitive science, which tries to understand the mind as it is, without any reduction, a view sometimes described as functionalism.
       The cognitive revolution is now in place. Cognition is the subject of contemporary psychology. This was achieved with little or no talk of neurons, action potentials, and neurotransmitters. Similarly, neuroscience has risen to an esteemed position among the biological sciences without much talk of cognitive processes. Do the fields need each other?... [Y]es because the problem of understanding the mind, unlike the wouldbe problem solvers, respects no disciplinary boundaries. It remains as resistant to neurological as to cognitive analyses. (LeDoux & Hirst, 1986, pp. 1-2)
       Since the Second World War scientists from different disciplines have turned to the study of the human mind. Computer scientists have tried to emulate its capacity for visual perception. Linguists have struggled with the puzzle of how children acquire language. Ethologists have sought the innate roots of social behaviour. Neurophysiologists have begun to relate the function of nerve cells to complex perceptual and motor processes. Neurologists and neuropsychologists have used the pattern of competence and incompetence of their brain-damaged patients to elucidate the normal workings of the brain. Anthropologists have examined the conceptual structure of cultural practices to advance hypotheses about the basic principles of the mind. These days one meets engineers who work on speech perception, biologists who investigate the mental representation of spatial relations, and physicists who want to understand consciousness. And, of course, psychologists continue to study perception, memory, thought and action.
    ... [W]orkers in many disciplines have converged on a number of central problems and explanatory ideas. They have realized that no single approach is likely to unravel the workings of the mind: it will not give up its secrets to psychology alone; nor is any other isolated discipline-artificial intelligence, linguistics, anthropology, neurophysiology, philosophy-going to have any greater success. (Johnson-Laird, 1988, p. 7)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Mind

  • 115 power

    [΄pauə] n ուժ, էներգիա, հզորություն. extraordinary/exceptional power արտա կարգ/արտա սովոր ուժ. electric/nuclear power էլեկտրական/միջուկային էներգիա. horse power ձիու ուժ. the power of an engine շարժիչի ուժը. the power of a blow հարվածի ուժը. the power of an explosion պայթյունի ուժը. power of imagination երևա կայության ուժը. holding power զսպող ուժ. power station էլեկտրակայան. power point վարդակ. (ունակություն) mental power մտավոր կարողու թյուն/ունա կություն. power of speech խոսելու ունակ ություն. It is not in my power Ես անկարող եմ. That’s beyond my power Դա իմ ուժերից վեր է. (լիազորություն) power of attorney լիազորագիր. emergency powers արտակարգ լիազորություն. sovereign/ supreme power գերագույն իշխանություն. (պետություն, տերություն, իշխանություն) the great powers մեծ պետությունները. come to power իշխանության գլուխ գալ. the powers of the president պրեզիդենտի լիազորությունները. the power behind the throne գահի իշխանությունը. the power of veto վետոյի իրավունքը. power cabel էլեկտ րական կաբել. power cut էլեկտրական հոսանքի ան ջատում. 64 is the 6th power of 2 64-ը 2-ի 6-րդ աստիճանն է

    English-Armenian dictionary > power

  • 116 свыше

    I нареч. from above;
    from on high церк. II предл.;
    (чего-л.) over (более) ;
    beyond (вне, сверх) свыше тридцати человек ≈ over thirty men свыше шестидесяти процентов ≈ upwards of sixty per cent это свыше его сил ≈ it is beyond his strength/power

    1. нареч. from above;

    2. предлог (рд.) over;
    (сверх) in excess of;
    ~ ста человек more than а hundred people;
    это ~ моих сил it is beyond my powers, it is more than I can do.

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > свыше

  • 117 conception

    kənˈsepʃən сущ.
    1) осмысление, понимание, постижение in my conception ≈ в моем представлении Syn: apprehension
    2) понятие, представление, концепция Syn: notion, concept, idea
    3) планирование;
    план, замысел( художественного произведения и т. п.) Syn: designing
    1., planning, design, plan
    4) зачатие Immaculate Conception ≈ непорочное зачатие понимание;
    - beyond one's * выше чьего-л понимания;
    - I have no * of what he means я не понимаю, что он имеет в виду;
    - I had no * of the amount of risk I ran я не имел представления о риске, которому подвергался концепция;
    понятие, представление, идея;
    - clear * ясное представление;
    - he had not the slightest * of it он не имел ни малейшего понятия об этом;
    - his * of honour его понимание чести;
    - this * is current эта концепция общепризнанна замысел;
    - poetic * поэтический замысел;
    - a good novelist needs great powers of * хороший романист должен иметь богатую фантазию (физиологическое) зачатие, оплодотворение;
    - * control предупреждение беременности;
    противозачаточные средства conception замысел ~ физиол. зачатие;
    оплодотворение ~ зачатие ~ концепция ~ концепция ~ понимание;
    it is beyond my conception это выше моего понимания ~ понимание ~ понятие ~ понятие ~ представление ~ of law юр. концепция права ~ понимание;
    it is beyond my conception это выше моего понимания legal ~ правовая концепция legal ~ юридическое понятие

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > conception

  • 118 overskride

    exceed, overrun, overshoot
    * * *
    vb cross ( fx the frontier);
    (fig) go beyond ( fx what is reasonable),
    (mere F) exceed ( fx an amount, a limit);
    ( om tilmålt tid) overrun;
    [ overskride grænsen for det sømmelige] go beyond the bounds of propriety;
    [ overskride hastighedsbegrænsningen] break the speed limit;
    [ overskride sin kompetence] exceed (el. go beyond el. overstep) one's powers,
    (jur) act ultra vires.

    Danish-English dictionary > overskride

  • 119 недоступный (-ая, -ое, -ые)

    ............................................................
    (adj.) خارج از دسترس، منیع، دستیابی ناپذیر
    ............................................................
    2. 2. unattainable
    ............................................................
    ............................................................
    ............................................................
    5. 3. too difficult
    ............................................................
    (adj.) نفهمیدنی، دور از فهم، درک نکردنی، نا محدود
    ............................................................

    Русско-персидский словарь > недоступный (-ая, -ое, -ые)

  • 120 Introduction

       Portugal is a small Western European nation with a large, distinctive past replete with both triumph and tragedy. One of the continent's oldest nation-states, Portugal has frontiers that are essentially unchanged since the late 14th century. The country's unique character and 850-year history as an independent state present several curious paradoxes. As of 1974, when much of the remainder of the Portuguese overseas empire was decolonized, Portuguese society appeared to be the most ethnically homogeneous of the two Iberian states and of much of Europe. Yet, Portuguese society had received, over the course of 2,000 years, infusions of other ethnic groups in invasions and immigration: Phoenicians, Greeks, Celts, Romans, Suevi, Visigoths, Muslims (Arab and Berber), Jews, Italians, Flemings, Burgundian French, black Africans, and Asians. Indeed, Portugal has been a crossroads, despite its relative isolation in the western corner of the Iberian Peninsula, between the West and North Africa, Tropical Africa, and Asia and America. Since 1974, Portugal's society has become less homogeneous, as there has been significant immigration of former subjects from its erstwhile overseas empire.
       Other paradoxes should be noted as well. Although Portugal is sometimes confused with Spain or things Spanish, its very national independence and national culture depend on being different from Spain and Spaniards. Today, Portugal's independence may be taken for granted. Since 1140, except for 1580-1640 when it was ruled by Philippine Spain, Portugal has been a sovereign state. Nevertheless, a recurring theme of the nation's history is cycles of anxiety and despair that its freedom as a nation is at risk. There is a paradox, too, about Portugal's overseas empire(s), which lasted half a millennium (1415-1975): after 1822, when Brazil achieved independence from Portugal, most of the Portuguese who emigrated overseas never set foot in their overseas empire, but preferred to immigrate to Brazil or to other countries in North or South America or Europe, where established Portuguese overseas communities existed.
       Portugal was a world power during the period 1415-1550, the era of the Discoveries, expansion, and early empire, and since then the Portuguese have experienced periods of decline, decadence, and rejuvenation. Despite the fact that Portugal slipped to the rank of a third- or fourth-rate power after 1580, it and its people can claim rightfully an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions that assure their place both in world and Western history. These distinctions should be kept in mind while acknowledging that, for more than 400 years, Portugal has generally lagged behind the rest of Western Europe, although not Southern Europe, in social and economic developments and has remained behind even its only neighbor and sometime nemesis, Spain.
       Portugal's pioneering role in the Discoveries and exploration era of the 15th and 16th centuries is well known. Often noted, too, is the Portuguese role in the art and science of maritime navigation through the efforts of early navigators, mapmakers, seamen, and fishermen. What are often forgotten are the country's slender base of resources, its small population largely of rural peasants, and, until recently, its occupation of only 16 percent of the Iberian Peninsula. As of 1139—10, when Portugal emerged first as an independent monarchy, and eventually a sovereign nation-state, England and France had not achieved this status. The Portuguese were the first in the Iberian Peninsula to expel the Muslim invaders from their portion of the peninsula, achieving this by 1250, more than 200 years before Castile managed to do the same (1492).
       Other distinctions may be noted. Portugal conquered the first overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean in the early modern era and established the first plantation system based on slave labor. Portugal's empire was the first to be colonized and the last to be decolonized in the 20th century. With so much of its scattered, seaborne empire dependent upon the safety and seaworthiness of shipping, Portugal was a pioneer in initiating marine insurance, a practice that is taken for granted today. During the time of Pombaline Portugal (1750-77), Portugal was the first state to organize and hold an industrial trade fair. In distinctive political and governmental developments, Portugal's record is more mixed, and this fact suggests that maintaining a government with a functioning rule of law and a pluralist, representative democracy has not been an easy matter in a country that for so long has been one of the poorest and least educated in the West. Portugal's First Republic (1910-26), only the third republic in a largely monarchist Europe (after France and Switzerland), was Western Europe's most unstable parliamentary system in the 20th century. Finally, the authoritarian Estado Novo or "New State" (1926-74) was the longest surviving authoritarian system in modern Western Europe. When Portugal departed from its overseas empire in 1974-75, the descendants, in effect, of Prince Henry the Navigator were leaving the West's oldest empire.
       Portugal's individuality is based mainly on its long history of distinc-tiveness, its intense determination to use any means — alliance, diplomacy, defense, trade, or empire—to be a sovereign state, independent of Spain, and on its national pride in the Portuguese language. Another master factor in Portuguese affairs deserves mention. The country's politics and government have been influenced not only by intellectual currents from the Atlantic but also through Spain from Europe, which brought new political ideas and institutions and novel technologies. Given the weight of empire in Portugal's past, it is not surprising that public affairs have been hostage to a degree to what happened in her overseas empire. Most important have been domestic responses to imperial affairs during both imperial and internal crises since 1415, which have continued to the mid-1970s and beyond. One of the most important themes of Portuguese history, and one oddly neglected by not a few histories, is that every major political crisis and fundamental change in the system—in other words, revolution—since 1415 has been intimately connected with a related imperial crisis. The respective dates of these historical crises are: 1437, 1495, 1578-80, 1640, 1820-22, 1890, 1910, 1926-30, 1961, and 1974. The reader will find greater detail on each crisis in historical context in the history section of this introduction and in relevant entries.
       LAND AND PEOPLE
       The Republic of Portugal is located on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula. A major geographical dividing line is the Tagus River: Portugal north of it has an Atlantic orientation; the country to the south of it has a Mediterranean orientation. There is little physical evidence that Portugal is clearly geographically distinct from Spain, and there is no major natural barrier between the two countries along more than 1,214 kilometers (755 miles) of the Luso-Spanish frontier. In climate, Portugal has a number of microclimates similar to the microclimates of Galicia, Estremadura, and Andalusia in neighboring Spain. North of the Tagus, in general, there is an Atlantic-type climate with higher rainfall, cold winters, and some snow in the mountainous areas. South of the Tagus is a more Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry, often rainless summers and cool, wet winters. Lisbon, the capital, which has a fifth of the country's population living in its region, has an average annual mean temperature about 16° C (60° F).
       For a small country with an area of 92,345 square kilometers (35,580 square miles, including the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and the Madeiras), which is about the size of the state of Indiana in the United States, Portugal has a remarkable diversity of regional topography and scenery. In some respects, Portugal resembles an island within the peninsula, embodying a unique fusion of European and non-European cultures, akin to Spain yet apart. Its geography is a study in contrasts, from the flat, sandy coastal plain, in some places unusually wide for Europe, to the mountainous Beira districts or provinces north of the Tagus, to the snow-capped mountain range of the Estrela, with its unique ski area, to the rocky, barren, remote Trás-os-Montes district bordering Spain. There are extensive forests in central and northern Portugal that contrast with the flat, almost Kansas-like plains of the wheat belt in the Alentejo district. There is also the unique Algarve district, isolated somewhat from the Alentejo district by a mountain range, with a microclimate, topography, and vegetation that resemble closely those of North Africa.
       Although Portugal is small, just 563 kilometers (337 miles) long and from 129 to 209 kilometers (80 to 125 miles) wide, it is strategically located on transportation and communication routes between Europe and North Africa, and the Americas and Europe. Geographical location is one key to the long history of Portugal's three overseas empires, which stretched once from Morocco to the Moluccas and from lonely Sagres at Cape St. Vincent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is essential to emphasize the identity of its neighbors: on the north and east Portugal is bounded by Spain, its only neighbor, and by the Atlantic Ocean on the south and west. Portugal is the westernmost country of Western Europe, and its shape resembles a face, with Lisbon below the nose, staring into the
       Atlantic. No part of Portugal touches the Mediterranean, and its Atlantic orientation has been a response in part to turning its back on Castile and Léon (later Spain) and exploring, traveling, and trading or working in lands beyond the peninsula. Portugal was the pioneering nation in the Atlantic-born European discoveries during the Renaissance, and its diplomatic and trade relations have been dominated by countries that have been Atlantic powers as well: Spain; England (Britain since 1707); France; Brazil, once its greatest colony; and the United States.
       Today Portugal and its Atlantic islands have a population of roughly 10 million people. While ethnic homogeneity has been characteristic of it in recent history, Portugal's population over the centuries has seen an infusion of non-Portuguese ethnic groups from various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Between 1500 and 1800, a significant population of black Africans, brought in as slaves, was absorbed in the population. And since 1950, a population of Cape Verdeans, who worked in menial labor, has resided in Portugal. With the influx of African, Goan, and Timorese refugees and exiles from the empire—as many as three quarters of a million retornados ("returned ones" or immigrants from the former empire) entered Portugal in 1974 and 1975—there has been greater ethnic diversity in the Portuguese population. In 2002, there were 239,113 immigrants legally residing in Portugal: 108,132 from Africa; 24,806 from Brazil; 15,906 from Britain; 14,617 from Spain; and 11,877 from Germany. In addition, about 200,000 immigrants are living in Portugal from eastern Europe, mainly from Ukraine. The growth of Portugal's population is reflected in the following statistics:
       1527 1,200,000 (estimate only)
       1768 2,400,000 (estimate only)
       1864 4,287,000 first census
       1890 5,049,700
       1900 5,423,000
       1911 5,960,000
       1930 6,826,000
       1940 7,185,143
       1950 8,510,000
       1960 8,889,000
       1970 8,668,000* note decrease
       1980 9,833,000
       1991 9,862,540
       1996 9,934,100
       2006 10,642,836
       2010 10,710,000 (estimated)

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Introduction

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