-
101 σῐδηρος
σῐ́δηροςGrammatical information: m. (f. Nic. Th. 923)Meaning: `iron, steel', also `iron tool, sword, iron weapon etc.', metaph. `(iron) toughness' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. -ᾱρος.Compounds: Compp., e.g. σιδηρό-φρων `iron-minded' (A., E.), σιδηρο-κόντρα f. `hunting spear' (Gortyn, Sagalassos; Zingerle Glotta 19, 80ff.), ὁλο-σίδηρος `made completely of iron' (Attika, Delos a. o.).Derivatives: (Dor. forms not esp. indicated): Subst. 1. σιδήρ-ιον n. `iron tool' (IA., Cret.); 2. - ίσκος m. des. of a medic. instrument (Crete V--IVa; as ὀβελίσκος a. o.; Chantraine Form. 408); 3. - εῖα, - εῖον n. `iron mine' (Arist., Delos etc.); 4. - εύς m. `iron smith' (X. a.o.; Bosshardt 56); 5. - ίτης m., - ῖτις f. `made of iron, iron' (Pi., Eup. a. o.), also name of a stone (Plin., Orph. a.o.) and several plants, "vervain" (J., Dsc. a. o.; as healing wounds by stabbing, s. Strömberg Pfl.namen 89, Redard 61, 76 etc. [s. index]). Adj. 6. - ε(ι)ος, - οῦς, - ιος `iron' (Il.); 7. - ήεις `id.' (Nic.), - όεις (EM), - εόεις (Ep. Alex. Adesp.); 8. - ώδης `id.' (sch.). Verbs; 9. - όομαι, - όω `to be provided with i.' (Th., inscr. etc.) with - ωσις f. `ironwork' (Att. inscr. a. o.), - ώματα n. pl. `iron mountings' (pap. Vp), - ωτός `to stud with i.' ( Edict. Diocl.); 10. - εύω `to work with i., to forge' (Poll.) with - εία f. `ironwork' (X.); 11. - ίζω `to resemble i., to contain i.' (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unexplained. As iron and use of it reached the Greeks prob. from Asia Minor, the Pontus and Caucasus area, the word prob. came the same way. The similarity with Caucas. (Udian) zido `iron' is therefore perh. not accidental; it is also possible that zido was a loan from σίδηρος. -- The old connection with Lat. sīdus `constellation' (Pott) A. W. Persson tried (s. Kretschmer Glotta 26, 64) to give a new foundation assuming, that σίδηρος orig. referred to meteoric iron. Still diff. Deroy Ant. class. 31, 98 ff. (with further very bold combinations): prop. "the red metall" and with σίδη `pomegranate' from pregr. * sida `red'. Crepajac too KZ 80, 249ff. believes in connection with σίδη, but as Illyr. LW [loanword] (IE *su̯eid- 'gleam, be red'). -- Further lit. on σίδηρος and to the other IE words for `iron' in Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 234ff. -- Furnée 105 n. connects Udian zido and thinks the word is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,703-704Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῐδηρος
-
102 στάθμη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `directive, carpenter's line, finish-line, -cord, plumbline, rule, norm' (O 410).Derivatives: 1. σταθμ-άομαι (Ion. - έομαι), - άω, also m. δια-, ἐπι-, ἀντι-, `to measure (by the directive), to estimate, to gauge, to weigh' (Pi., IA.) with - ημα, - ησις, - ητικός (late). 2. - ίζω, also m. δια-, `id.' (Aq., Sm.). -- σταθμός m. `location, stable, farmstead, night lodgings, travel stage, day's march; pillar, post, jamb; balance, weight, heaviness' (Il.); pl. also - μά n. (after τάλαντα, ζυγά), to which sg. - όν `weight, balance' (IA.), poet. also `homestead, farmstead; jamb etc.' (trag. a.o.; Egli Heteroklisie 40f.). Compp., a.g. σταθμ-οῦχος m. `owner of goods etc.' (A. Fr. 226 = 376 M., Antiph., pap. a.o.), ἐπί-σταθμος m. `quartermaster' (Isoc.), `military quartered on another' (pap.; Mayser I: 3, 175); ναύ-σταθμον n. (Th.), second. - ος m. (Plb., D.S., Plu.) `anchorage, fleet-station, fleet'; prop. subst. adj. like βού-σταθμον (cf. on βούτυρον). From this 1. σταθμ-ίον n. `balance, weight' (hell. a. late); 2. - ικός `belonging to weighing' (Gal.); 3. - ώδης `rich in sediment' (Hp.; cf. ὑποστάθμη); 4. - ίζω, also w. δια-, συν- a. o. `to weigh' with - ισις f. `the weighing', - ιστής m. `weigher', - ιστί `by weight', - ιστικός `for weighing' (late); 5. - εύω, also w. κατα-, ἐπι-, `take up or have quarters etc.' with - εία f. (late).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Details on the meaning of στάθμη and σταθμός Jüthner Έπιτύμβιον Swoboda 107ff., Havers Glotta 25, 101ff., Holt Glotta 27, 194, Kieckers IF 38, 209f. On στάθμη: σταθμός cf. δέσμη: δεσμός and other word-pairs in Porzig Satzinhalte 283 f.; formation as βα-θμός, Arc. etc. θε-θμός (s. θεσμός), ῥυ-θμός etc. A θ appears also in εὑ-σταθής `standing firm, quiet' (Ion. hell. a. late since Il.), which has prob. been built on the aor. ἐστάθην (Risch 75). The synonymous and later attested σταθερός (A. Fr. 276 = 479 M. etc.) may have been built after the pattern of ἀ-φαν-ής: φαν-ερός a. o. Cf. Schwyzer 492 n. 12, 513 and Benveniste Origines 193 a. 200f. -- Further s. ἵστημι.Page in Frisk: 2,775Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στάθμη
-
103 στερεός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `stiff, hard, firm, tenacious, steady, solid, normal, by the rules' (of money and measure) Il., `cubic' (s. Mugler Dict. géom. 378f.), rarely `infertile' (E., Arist.).Other forms: Att. also στερρός.Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in στερεο-μετρ-ία f. `the measuring of cubic bodies, stereometry' (Pl. Epin., Arist. a.o.).Derivatives: στερε-ότης (- ρρ-) f. `hardness, firmness', also `infertility' (Pl., Arist. etc.); στερε-όομαι (- ρρ-), - όω, also w. ἀπο-, κατα-, `to become, make firm, hard etc., to harden' (Hp., X., Arist. a.o.) with στερέ-ωμα n. `firmness, solid component, firmament' (Hp., Arist. etc.), - ωσις f. `to harden' (LXX, Str. a.o.), - ωματίζω, - ωτικός, - ωτής. Enlarged στερέ-ϊνος `hard' (pap. Ip, after πέτρ-, ξύλ-ινος a.o.). -- Besides στέριφος `hard, firm, infertile' (Att., Arist. etc.) with στεριφ-ότης (sch.), - όομαι `to solidify' (Ph.) with - ώματα n. pl. `solid foundation', - ευομένη παρθενευομένη H. -- Also στερέμνιος `hard, firm, solid' (Pl. Epin., Epicur., Phld. a.o.) with - ιώδης (Porph.), - ιόομαι (Zeno).Etymology: If from *στερεϜός, στερεός, from where στερρός (details in Scheller Oxytonierung 114 w. n.4; diff. Forbes Glotta 36, 269 f.), would agree with ἐτε(Ϝ)ός, κενε(Ϝ)ός a.o. In στεριφος `unfertile' Leummann Glotta 42, 118 wants to see a derivation from the phonetic antecedent of στεῖρα after the animal names in - φος ( ἔριφος, ἔλαφος a.o.) with change from `unfertile' to `hard'. For στερέμνιος a μ(ε)ν-derivation must be supposed (*στέρεμνον, *στέρεμα); cf. βέλε-μν-α, ἔρυ-μα (Schwyzer 489), also the synonymous ἀ-τέρα-μνος (s. v.). -- The above formations are based on an unattested word IE * ster-, to which with o-derivation the Germ. word for `starr', a.o. in OHG stara-blint `blind' with OHG starēn `stare', with expressive gemination NHG starr with MHG starren, NHG ( er)starren. Toch. B ścire `hard, stiff' is unclear (* stero- or *stĩro-), s. Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 167f., Pedersen Zur toch. Sprachgesch. 19 w. lit. -- Here also 2. στεῖρα `stem' and, with very ancient special meaning, 1. στεῖρα `unfertile' (s. vv.). -- To the same family belong numerous further words with varying formation and different enlargements, s. στέρφος, στρηνής, στόρθυγξ, στηρίζω, στριφνός and WP. 2, 627ff., Pok. 1022ff. -- The group of words is unclear and needs further research.Page in Frisk: 2,790-791Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στερεός
-
104 σχίζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to split, to cut, to separate' (Pi., Hdt., Att. etc.).Other forms: Aor. σχίσ(σ)αι (Od.), pass. σχισθ-ῆναι (P 316), fut. - ήσομαι, act. σχίσω, perf. midd. ἔσχισμαι (hell. a. late).Derivatives: A. With unchanged root-auslaut: 1. σχίδα σχίδος σινδόνος, ῥῆγμα (cod. π-) H. like κλάδ-α acc. sg. (Schwyzer 507); if not Dor. or hell. nom. (Kretschmer Glotta 10, 170); as 2. member in ἀπο-, δια-, παρα-σχίδες pl. (rarely sg. - σχίς) f. `secessions, branchings etc.' (medic. a.o.). 2. σχίδ-αξ, - ᾰκος m. `split wood, piece of wood, splinter' (LXX, D. S. a.o.) with - ακηδόν, ὑπο- σχίζω - ακώδης (medic.); cf. χάραξ, κάμαξ a.o. 3. σχίδος την ἀπόσχισιν H.; but - σχιδής, e.g. in ἀ-, ἀκρο-, νεο- σχίζω (hell. a. late) directly from the verb. 4. σχίδ-ια ὠμόλινα H., Lat. schidia f. sg. `chip of wood' (Vitr.). 5. σχιδανός (as πιθανός) in σχίζω - πους (Arist.) = σχιζό-πους `with split feet, toes' (Arist.). -- B. With altered root-auslaut: 1. σχίζα f. `split wood, piece of wood etc.' (Hom., Ar., pap. a.o.), `shaft, javelin' (LXX,AP); from *σχίδ-ι̯α or adapted to σχίζω (Schwyzer 474); dimin. - ίον n. (Poll., Alciphr.); - ίας m. `lath, lath-like' (Cratin., Dikaiarch., hell. pap. a.o.). 2. σχιστός (ἄ- σχίζω etc.) `split' (Hp., Att.). 3. σχίσις ( ἀπό-, διά- a.o.) f. `split, carving' (Pl., Arist. etc.). 4. σχισ-μός ( δια-, περι-, ὑπο-, ἐν-) m. `id.' (A. Ag. 1149, Delph. inscr., pap. a.o.); - μα (also w. ἀπό-, διά- a.o.) n. `split, tear' (Arist., Thphr. etc.); - μή f. `id.' (LXX, H.); from - σμο-, - σμα or from σχιδ-μ- reshaped (Schwyzer 321 a. 493).Etymology: The above words form a system built on an IE basis, which was richly developed inside Greek. For closer comparison esp. the following form can be used: 1. ἀπο-σχίδ-ες = Skt. apa-chíd- f. `section, clipping'. 2. σχιστός = Lat. scissus (from * scid-to-s), Av. a-sista-; diff. Skt. chinná- (from *chid-ná-). 3. Aor. σχίσαι, - ασθαι: Skt. aor. midd. chit-s-i (cf. the reserved remarks in Schwyzer 751). 4. A trace of the old nasalpresent in Lat. sci-n-dō, Skt. chi-ná-d-mi, pl. chi-n-d-ánti `cut off, split' not retained in σκινδάλαμος etc. s.v.. On the other hand the yod-present σχίζω is isolated and is like the other verbforms notably a Greek. innovation. Against identification of σχίζεται and the Skt. pass. chid-yá-te Wackernagel Unt. 133. Beside σχίζω stands with full grade Lith. skíedžiu `separate, divide'. 5. Independent of σχίσις (innovation; cf. πίστις) is Skt. ví-chitti- `interruption'. -- Further cognates, a.o. Arm. c'tim (from * c'it-im) `tear itself, scratch', for Greek without direct interest, in Bq, WP. 2, 543 f., Pok. 920f., W.-Hofmann s. scindō w. lit. -- Lat. LW [loanword] scheda f. `stroke of papyrus' from *σχίδη (or σχίδα?; s. above A. 1), also `concept' through influence of schedium n. `unprepared speech, draft, scetch' = late- a. NGr. σχέδιον `id.' (on the meaning s. σχέδιος to σχεδόν), σχεδάριον; on this till Ital. schizzo, Fr. esquisse, NHG Skizze; s. Kretschmer Glotta 10, 168 ff. == Other words mentioned by Frisk but not cognate with σχίζω s.vv: σκινδαλ(α)μός, σκινδύλιον, σκιδαρόν, σκοιδ-.Page in Frisk: 2,838-840Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σχίζω
-
105 σῶμα
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `living or dead body' (Il.; in Hom. the meaning `corpse' is necessary or possible; cf. Herter Charites E. Langlotz gewidmet [Berlin 1957] 206ff. w. lit.), `person' (Att. etc.), `slave' (hell. a. late.; on development and spread of the meaning E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 80 f.); metaph. `totality' (A., Pl., Arist. etc.), `text of a document' (pap.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. σωματο-φύλαξ `bodyguard' (hell. a. late); univerbation σωμ-ασκ-ία f. `bodily exercise' (Pl., X. a.o.) from σῶμα ἀσκέω; to this as backformation σω-μασκ-έω `to do bodily exercise' (X., Plb. etc.); τρι-σώματος `three-bodied' (A., E.), late τρί-σωμος `id.' (An. Ox.); on the stemvariation s. Schwyzer 450.Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σωμάτ-ιον n. (Pl. Com., Arist. etc.; mostly depreciatory). 2. - ίδιον n. `text of a document' (pap.). 3. - εῖον n. `corporate body, college' ( Cod. Just.). 4. - ικός `bodily' (Arist. etc.), - ινος `id.' (gloss.), - ώδης `bodily' (Arist. a.o.). 5. - όομαι, - όω ( ἐν-, ὑπο-) `to be embodied, to embody' (Arist., Thphr. a.o.) with - ωσις f. (Thphr. a.o.). 6. - ίζω ( δια-, ἐν-) `to edit a text' with - ισμός m. (pap.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: For `body' the IE languages have several expressions, of which only Lat. corpus a. cogn. (e.g. Skt. kr̥p-) has found a wide use and can claim a high date. A convincing connection for the Greek formation σῶ-μα has not been found. Formally resemble both σω-λήν and σω-ρός; if one connects the last, σῶμα must continue *tu̯ō-mn̥ with a basic meaning `compactness, swelling' (since Froehde BB 14, 108). Other proposals, all for diff. reasons doubtable or uncertain: from *σῶπ-μα to σήπομαι, σαπρός (Wackernagel KZ 30, 298f. = Kl. Schr. 1, 661 f.); to ἐπί-σσωτρον (Schwyzer 523; asking); from *[s]ti̯ō-mn̥ "what becomes stiff" to Skt. styā- `flow, get stiff' (Thieme KZ 78, 114 A. 4); to σίνομαι (abl. sō[i]-: sī-) as `object of σίνεσθαι' (Koller Glotta 37, 276 ff.; agreeing Harrison The Phoenix 14, 64). -- Cf. σωρός; also W.-Hofmann s. tōmentum.Page in Frisk: 2,842-843Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῶμα
-
106 Άγαμέμνων
Grammatical information: PNMeaning: The Greek commander before Troy (Il.)Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Prellwitz BB 17, 171f. assumed *Αγα-μέδ-μων `mächtig waltend'; s. Stolz, Innsbrucker Festgruß 13ff. The development - δμ- \> - νμ- \> - μν- is known (Lejeune, Phonét. 77 n. 5. Kretschmer Glotta 3, 330f. connected the second part with μένος und μένειν, explaining - σμ- as a kind of vulgar assimilation. S. also Fiesel Namen 65ff. However, the development to - σμ- is phonetically less easy. On the problem Schwyzer 208. But a variation dental\/σ is known from PreGreek, as in τεῦτλον\/ σεῦτλον; cf. Μέδμα\/ Μέσμα, a town of the Locrians in Bruttium; cf. Furnée 263 ἀσμωλεὶν\/ ἀδμωλή Κάδμος\/ Κάσμος We might assume an affricate as the origin (*- medm-\/- mesm- \< *- mecm-). Thus Agamemnon, like Achilles, would be a Pre-Greek name.Page in Frisk: 1,6Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Άγαμέμνων
-
107 Αἴας
Αἴας, - ντοςGrammatical information: PNMeaning: two heroes, 1. Αἴας Τελαμώνιος, A., son of Telamon, king of Salamis; 2. Αἴας Όιλῆος, A., son of Oileus, leader of the Locrians (Il.)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Mühlestein, Studi Mycenei 2, 1967, compared Myc. aiwa, name of a cow; it would be a hypocoristic of Αἴολος. Formerly often (s. Kretschmer Glotta 15, 192f.) derived from αἶα `earth'. Blümel IF 43, 2 72f. interpreted this as `Sohn der echten Frau, der Mutter', as opposed to Τεῦκρος (q.v.) `Sohn der Kebse'. All quite uncertain. - On the Lat. form Aiax s. Friedmann Die jon. u. att. Wörter im Altlatein 10f. - No doubt a Pre-Greek name, like Achilles etc.Page in Frisk: 1,30Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Αἴας
-
108 Άπόλλων
Άπόλλων, - ωνοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: gods name (Il.)Other forms: Voc. ῎Απολλον.Dialectal forms: In Myc. perh. ] perjo[ \/A]pely[on-\/, Ruijgh Études 56. Άπέλλων (Dor.), Άπείλων (Cypr.), Ἄπλουν (Thess.)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Since J. Schmidt KZ 32, 327ff. explained from the voc. Ἄπολλον, itself assimilated from Ἄπελλον, cf. PN Άπελλίων, Άπελλῆς etc. Cypr. Άπείλων points to *Άπέλι̯ων as the basis of Dor. Άπέλλων; Thess. Ἄπλουν perhaps from (Pre-Greek) Apel-on- (Ruijgh, ap. Beekes, below).- There is no IE etymology. One tried connection with *ἄπελος `Kraft', (in ὀλιγηπελίη, q.v.) and Germanic e. g. in awno. afi n. `Kraft' (Kretschmer Glotta 13, 242 A. 1; 15,191; 18, 205; 27, 32; 31, 102); also Illyrian PN, as Mag- aplinus, Aplo etc. (Krahe IF 57, 117f.). Criticism by Sommer IF 55, 176 A. 2 and Nilsson, s. below). - Improbable Solders Arch. f. Religionswiss. 32, 142ff. (to ἀπέλλαι σηκοί H., orig. "Steinfügung", from α copulativum and πέλλα λίθος H., because of the holy stones in the cult of Apollon; s. Kretschmer Glotta 27, 32). See also Bq. As Apollon was assumed to come from Asia Minor, one looked there for a connection. But Lyd. Pλdans Artimuk (s. on Ἄρτεμις) had initial q-. - Cf. Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 498ff. (esp. 523ff.); Chantraine L'Ant. class. 22, 68. - Burkert's idea that the name was derived from ἀμέλλαι is impossible (Beekes, Journ. Anc. Near Eastern Rel. 2, 2003). The name is prob. Pre-Greek, and Hitt. ] appaliunas, in a treaty between Alaksandus of Wilusa and the Hittite king, may well be the Pre-Greek proto-form (Apalyun).Page in Frisk: 1,124-125Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Άπόλλων
-
109 Ἄρης
Ἄρης, ἌρεωςGrammatical information: On the flexion Schwyzer 576Meaning: the god of war; also god of vengeance and oaths (Arcadia, Athens etc., s. Kretschmer Glotta 11, 195ff.); metonym. for `war' (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 152f.).Derivatives: Fem. Ἄρεια in Arc. τὰν Άθάναν τὰν Ἄρειαν; adj. Ἄρειος, Ion. Άρήϊος, Lesb. Άρεύϊος ( Ζεὺς Ἄρειος Epirus, Ἄρειος πάγος Athens, deriv. ᾽Αρεοπαγίτης). Name Άρητάδης (Bechtel Namenstud. 11).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The ancient grammarians and lexicographers (e. g. EM 140) connected ἀρή `Schaden, Unheil, Verderben', cf. ἄρος βλάβος ἀκούσιον H. The connection is improbable: IE origin of such a name is not to be expected. On the flection Schulze Q.454ff., Bechtel (above) and Kretschmer Glotta 15, 197Page in Frisk: 1,138Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Ἄρης
-
110 Ἄρεως
Ἄρης, ἌρεωςGrammatical information: On the flexion Schwyzer 576Meaning: the god of war; also god of vengeance and oaths (Arcadia, Athens etc., s. Kretschmer Glotta 11, 195ff.); metonym. for `war' (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 152f.).Derivatives: Fem. Ἄρεια in Arc. τὰν Άθάναν τὰν Ἄρειαν; adj. Ἄρειος, Ion. Άρήϊος, Lesb. Άρεύϊος ( Ζεὺς Ἄρειος Epirus, Ἄρειος πάγος Athens, deriv. ᾽Αρεοπαγίτης). Name Άρητάδης (Bechtel Namenstud. 11).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The ancient grammarians and lexicographers (e. g. EM 140) connected ἀρή `Schaden, Unheil, Verderben', cf. ἄρος βλάβος ἀκούσιον H. The connection is improbable: IE origin of such a name is not to be expected. On the flection Schulze Q.454ff., Bechtel (above) and Kretschmer Glotta 15, 197Page in Frisk: 1,138Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Ἄρεως
-
111 Άχαιοί
Grammatical information: pl. m.Meaning: name of a Greek tribe (Il.).Derivatives: Άχαιΐς, - ίδος f. `the land of the A.' (sc. γαῖα) or `the Achaean f.' (sc. γυνή), also Άχαιϊάς f. (Il.); Άχαιϊκός, Att. Άχᾱϊκός (cf. Schwyzer 265f.) `Achaean'; Άχαιΐη, Att. Άχᾱΐα f. a Thessalian and Peloponnesian region `Achaia'; also a town (Rhodos etc.), perhaps trisyllabic, s. below.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The name Άχαιοί \< ΆχαιϜοί (cf. Lat. Achīvī) is known from Egyptian sources as 'q'jw'š', read as Aqaiwaša. Also in Hitt. Aḫḫiya, later Ah̯h̯iyawā, from *ΆχαιϜία or *ΆχαίϜα(?); Kretschmer Glotta 21, 227). Against this Sommer ( Aḫḫijavā-Urk., A. u. Sprw., IF 55, 169ff.). The equation is now generally accepted, but the Hittite form has not been satisfactorily explained. (Worthless Finkelberg, Glotta 66, 1988, 127 - 134, who derives the Greek form from Hitt. Ah̯h̯iyawa (!), with h₂y \> χ.) - The name is no doubt a Pre-Greek name ( Akayʷa?). On the historical side Lehmann, Historische Zeitschr. 262, 1996, 1 - 38; Niemeyer Aegaeun 19, 1999, 141 - 155.Page in Frisk: 1,198-199Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Άχαιοί
-
112 Γίγας
Γίγας, - αντοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: mostly pl. `Giganten, giant', name of a wilden people of fiants (Il.), in Hes. sons of Gaia. Cf. F.Vian, La guerre des Géants, 1952.Compounds: As first member in Γιγαντο-μαχία (Pl.).Derivatives: Adjectives: Γιγάντειος, - ταῖος, - τικός; Γιγάντιος as month name (Locris, Phocis). Ebenso als Vorderglied in.Etymology: Reduplicated formation; with suffix as in Ἄβαντες, Κορύβαντες, ἀλίβαντες etc. (Schwyzer 526: 4); prob. Pre-Greek (Kretschmer Glotta 14, 99). - H. Petersson Et. Miszellen 15f. connected Latv. gāgans `langer Strick, giant'; doubted by Kretschmer, Glotta 15, 197. - Eng. giant uiltimatly derives from the Greek word, through a Latin form gagās.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Γίγας
-
113 Έρῑνῡς
Έρῑνύ̄ς, -ύοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: name of a revenging god(dess), orig. perh. the revenging soul of the the murdered man; appellativ. `revenge, curse' (Il.), name of Demeter in Arcadia (Antim., Call., Paus. 8, 25, 6).Other forms: On the length of the υ see LSJ. Εριννυς rejected by LSJDialectal forms: Myc. Erinu.Derivatives: ἐρινυώδης `like the E.' (Plu.); ἐρινύω = θυμῳ̃ χρῆσθαι (Arc., Paus. l. c., EM), cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 390.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Uncertain; diff. proposals: to ἔρις, ὀρίνω (Solmsen KZ 42, 230 n. 2), to Skt. ríṣyati `be damaged' (Ehrlich Sprachgesch. 35, Prellwitz KZ 47, 187); to Skt. roṣati, ruṣyati `be unpleasant, be angry' with dissimilation υ-υ to ι-υ (Froehde BB 20, 187f.); cf. Kretschmer Glotta 9, 233. Etym. from Sanskrit are improbable - A connection with the mythical stallion Έρίων ( Άρίων, ΌρίϜων; Bechtel Dial. 1, 349; s. also v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 399f.) requires further demonstration. - On the Erinyes Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 100f. - It is to be expected that the name is Pre-Greek. Cf. Herter, Lexis 3(1954)232 and Arena, Helikon 6 (1966)144f. Neumann, Sprache 32 (1986) 43-51 proposes * eri-snh₁-u- `who provokes struggle', from * sneh₁- as in νεῦρον. This would give, however, * eri-san-u- \> * eri-(h)anu-; this could be avoided by assuming that the laryngeal was lost in the compound. But does `provoke struggles' fit? Heubeck, Glotta 64 (1986), who accepts Neumann, answers no; (in fact he says that such a meaning "zwar nicht restlos geschwunden, aber doch... weitgehend zurückgedrängt worden ist", p. 164. The Erinyes have nothing to do with ἔρις, and the proposal cannot be correct; their primary function is to punish. So there is no good IE etymology and the word will be Pre-Greek. (The ending -ῡς would have to be from - uH-s, i.e. - u-h₂- (there is no suffix - uH-_), but Motionsfem. of this type in Greek are not known). I think that the ending is Pre-Greek. Also the variation ν\/νν may represent a palatal (phoneme) ny (cf. ly in Α᾽χιλ(λ)εύς; for the phenomenon see Beekes, Pre-Greek B 1).Page in Frisk: 1,559Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Έρῑνῡς
-
114 Εὑρώπη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: 1. daughter of Phoinix (or of Agenor) and Telephassa, by Zeus who abducted her to Crete in the shape of a bull (Hes. Th. 357, Hdt.); 2. geographical notion, first as name of the mainland (as opposed to the peninsulae like the Peloponnese and isles), later the continent as opposed to Anatolia and Libya (h. Ap. 251, Pi. N. 4, 70, A. Fr. 191, Hdt.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unexplained. Probably Pre-Greek (thus e. g. Sommer IF 55, 185 n. 1). IE etymologies (P.-W. s. v., 6, 1287ff., and Lewy Fremdw. 139f.; Aly Glotta 5, 63ff. (from εὑρώς and ὤψ, not convincing) have failed. Semitic interpretations (Lewy l. c. and bei Grimme Glotta 14, 17) must be rejected. There are several names in - ωπ (- οπ-); for Εὐρ- cf. Εὔρῑπος. Originally it indicated a land in the north of the Balkan (later Greece). The origin of the girl from Phoenicia is phantasy; see Beekes, Kadmos xx (2004\/5)xxx-xxx.Page in Frisk: 1,593Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Εὑρώπη
-
115 Ζεύς
Grammatical information: m.Other forms: Boeot. Lac. etc. Δεύς, voc. Ζεῦ, gen. Δι(Ϝ)ός, dat. (loc.) Δι(Ϝ)ί, dat. also ΔιϜεί (e. g. ΔιϜεί-φιλος;), acc. Ζῆν, since Hom. also Δί-α, Ζῆν-α with Ζην-ός, -ί; nom. Ζήν (A. Supp. 162 [lyr.]; or voc.?), Ζάν (Pythag., Ar.), Ζάς (Pherec. Syr.), gen. Ζανός (inscr. Chios IVa [? ] a. o.); note Δᾶν (Theocr. 4, 17); more forms in Schwyzer 576f., Leumann Hom. Wörter 288ff. and the dict.Dialectal forms: Myc. dat. diwe \/diwei\/Compounds: As 1. member in univerbations like Διόσ-κουροι (gen.; also Διεσ-κουρίδου [Priene a. o.]), ΔιϜεί-φιλος (dat.), stemform e. g. in διο-γενής; also Ζηνό-δοτος (for Διόσ-δοτος) a. o.; as 2. member in ἔνδιος, εὑδία, s. vv.; cf. also αὑτόδιον.Derivatives: δῖος, s. v.Etymology: Ols name of heaven, of the god of heaven, of the day, preserved esp. in Sanskrit, Greek and Italic, and prob. in Hittite, with several related forms: Ζεύς = Skt. dyáuḥ `(god of) heaven, day', Lat. Iovis and pob. in nu-diūs tertius `(it is) now the third day', i. e. `the day before yesterday', IE *d(i)i̯ēus; also Hitt. * šiuš, šiun(i)- `god'; Ζεῦ πάτερ = Lat. Iūpiter, Ζῆν = Skt. dyā́m, Lat. diem (with new nom. diēs, Diēspiter; cf. also Illyr. Δειπάτυρος); the other oblique cases, ΔιϜ-ός, - εί, -ί, Δία agree with Skt. diváḥ, divé, diví, dívam (partly parallell innovations). New in Greek are Ζῆν-α (after Δί-α) with Ζηνός, -ί, which contains the old acc. *Di̯ē(u)m with early loss of the u̯ seen also in Skt. Dyām; not to IE * din- `day' in Lat. nun-dinae `market-day', Skt. madhyán-dinam `midday' a. o. (after Kretschmer Glotta 14, 303f. also Τιν-δαρίδαι and 30, 93ff). - The α in Ζάς, Ζάν, Ζανός was spread from Elean Olympia, where η became ᾱ, s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 288ff. (after Kretschmer Glotta 17, 197) and Fraenkel Gnomon 23, 373. - It is generally assumed that IE *d(i)i̯ēus is an agent noon of the verb seen in Skt. dī́-de-ti `shine', gr. δέατο (s. v.) meaning `shine, glow, light'; *d(i)i̯ēus prop. "the shining, gleaming". Objections in Wackernagel BerlAkSb. 1918, 396ff. (= Kl. Schr. 1, 315ff.), Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 391. Beside Ζεύς etc. there is an old appellative for `god' in Skt. deváḥ = Lat. deus = Lith. diẽvas a. o., IE *deiu̯os; prop. "the heavenly, caelestis" as deriv. from the noun for `heaven'. - Except Bq see W.-Hofmann s. diēs, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. diẽvas, Wackernagel-Debrunner Aind. Gramm. 3, 219ff., Mayrhofer EWAia. s. dyáuh, Benveniste Origines 59f, 166. (Cf. also Τινδαρίδαι).Page in Frisk: 1,610-611Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Ζεύς
-
116 Ἥρα
Grammatical information: DNDialectal forms: Myc. E-raCompounds: As 1. member e. g. in ` Ηρα-κλέης, - κλῆς (Il.; on the explanation Kretschmer Glotta 8, 121ff.) with ` Ηρακληείη ( βίη; metr.; s. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 31), -κλήϊος, - κλειος and ` Ηρακλείδης (Il.; on the metr. form Debrunner Άντίδωρον 38).Derivatives: ` Ηραῖος `belonging to H.' (IA); f. - αία, - άα place name (Arcadia VIa) with ` Ηραιεύς inhab. of Heraia; also Ε̄ρϜαο̄ιοι (El.); ` Ηρα(ι)ών month name (Tenos, Eretria).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Proper meaning unknown, so without etymology. The Cyprian and Arcadian forms without digamma, and also Att. Ἥρα against κόρη from *κορϜη, make El. Ε̄ρϜαο̄ιοι suspect. Therefore the connection with Lat. servāre etc., and ἥρως ("the Protectress, the Lord (fem.)"; Fick-Bechtel Personennamen 361, 440, Solmsen Wortforschung 81 m. n. 1), is quite improbable. New proposals: to IE *i̯ēr- `year' (s. ὥρα), either as "year-goddess" (Schröder Gymnasium 63, 60ff.) or as "the one year-old, i. e. young cow" (v. Windekens Glotta 36, 309ff.). As with most gods names Pre-Greek origin is most probable. See Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 427ff..Page in Frisk: 1,642Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Ἥρα
-
117 Θαργήλια
Grammatical information: n. pl.Meaning: Ion.-Attic feast before the harvest, connected with the cult of Apollon (Hippon., Archil.), also Ταργήλια (Miletus).Derivatives: Θαργηλιών ( Ταργ-) month name (IA), Θαργήλιος ( Ταργ-) PN (Ion.). - Beside it θάργηλος, acc. to Crates ap. Ath. 3, 114a name of a bread, which was otherwise called θαλύσιος ( ἄρτος) (s. θαλύσια), also name of a pot (pan) ( χύτρα) with cooked fruits, which was considered as symbol of fertility (Suid., H., EM 443, 19).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No etymology, probably Pre-Greek; this is demonstrated by the forms with Τ-. - Acc. to Kretschmer Glotta 10, 108ff. (s. also Glotta 20, 252f. against E. Maaß RhM 78, 13ff.) from *τὰ ἀργήλια (from ἄρχω) "first fruits" (see Schwyzer 413); diff. again Grošelj Živa Ant. 4, 170f. - On the Thargelia Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 534.Page in Frisk: 1,654Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Θαργήλια
-
118 Θῆβαι
Grammatical information: f. pl.Meaning: rarely Θήβη sg. (on the numerus variation Schwyzer 638, Schwyzer-Debrunner 43 n. 3) Thebes, place name, esp. the capital of Boeotia and town in Upper Egypt (Il.).Derivatives: Θηβαῖος `Theban', also as PN (Il.), f. Θηβᾱΐς, - ίδος f. `the territory of Th.' (IA), also name of an epic poem (Paus.); Θηβαιεύς, Θηβᾱϊκός (Hdt.), Θηβάδᾱς (Boeot., Megar.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 184), Θηβάνᾱς m. name of a north-eastern wind on Lesbos (Arist.); cf. Chantraine Formation 31.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Pre-Greek (Fick ON 78); Kretschmer Glotta 14, 307 compares Sabin. teba `hill' and Anatolian τάβα = πέτρα (St. Byz. s. Τάβαι); and id. Glotta 32, 182 and 33, 248 n. 4, 251; also Heubeck Gnomon 25, 270.Page in Frisk: 1,670Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Θῆβαι
-
119 Θρᾳ̃ξ
Θρᾳ̃ξ, -κόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `Thracian' (Il.); also as fishname, s. v θρᾳ̃τταOther forms: ep. Ion. Θρῆϊξ, - ῐκος (rarely and secondary -ῑκος), also Θρῃ̃ξ, - κός (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 107); f. Θρᾳ̃σσα, - ττα, Θρῃ̃σσα, Θρήισσα, Θρέισσα, Θράισσα `Thracian woman' (IA, Dor.).Derivatives: Θρᾳ̃κη, Θρηΐκη, Θρῄκη `Thracia' (Il.); Θρᾳκιος etc. `Thracian' (Il.), - ικός `id.' (Luc.); Θρᾳκίας m. name of the N.-N.-W.-wind (Arist.; also Θρασκίας); θρᾳκίζω `speak Thracian' (A. D.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: On the vocalism in general Björck Alpha impurum 354f. Etymology unknown. Kretschmer Glotta 24, 39ff. considers connection with the river name Τραῦος (Hdt. 7, 109; tributary of the Bistonis-sea) and the Scythian (or Thracian) people's name Τραυσοί (Hdt. 5, 3, St. Byz., H. a. o.). Acc. to Kretschmer Glotta 26, 56 here also the wind name Θρασκίας (cross of Θρᾱικ- and Τραυσκ-?).Page in Frisk: 1,679Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Θρᾳ̃ξ
-
120 Ἴωνες
Grammatical information: m. pl.Meaning: Ionian, one of the four Greek main tribes (since Ν 685 Ίάονες ἑλκεχίτωνες; late Interpolation, v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 85 A. 3).Dialectal forms: Myc. IawoneCompounds: As 2. member in Παν-ίωνες (Eust. 1414, 36), backformation after Παν-έλληνες from Πανιών-ιον n. `temple of all Ionians', - ια pl. name of the feast (Hdt.), Πανιώνιος m. surname of Apollon a. o. (inscr.).Derivatives: 1. Ίάς, - άδος f. `Ionian woman, Ionic' (Hdt., Th.) with Ίακός (Plb.); to Ἴωνες after Ε῝λληνες: `Ελλάς (cf. below). 2. Ίαόνιος `Ionic, Greek' (A. in lyr.), Ίαονίς f. (Nic.); late Ίώνιος `id.' (Philostr.) with Ίωνίς f. (Call., Paus.), Ίωνιάς f. (Nic., Str.); here Ίωνία `Ionia' (A. Pers. 771), Ίαονίη-θε (Nic. Fr. 74, 2). 3. Ίωνικός `Ionic' (Hdt., Th.). 4. ὁ Ίόνιος ( κόλπος etc.) m. `the Ionic Sea' (between Epeiros and Italy; cf. below). 5. Ίάνειος patronym. (Thess.). 6. ἰωνίσκος m. ephesian name of the fish χρυσόφρυς (`gilt-head'; Archestr.; cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 86). Denomin. verb ἰωνίζω `speak Ionic' (A. D.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Uncertain Ίαωλκός, Ίωλκός town in Magnesia on the Pagasaic gulf (since Hes. Th. 997), prop. "Haven of Ionians" \< *ΊαϜο-ολκός? From Egypt. jwn(n)', Hebr. jāwān, OP yauna etc. we get an original *Ίά̄Ϝονες; further analysis unknown. A shorter form *Ἴον-ες is supposed in Ίόνιος (cf. Jacobsohn KZ 57, 76ff., Treidler Klio 22, 86ff., also Kretschmer Glotta 19, 216), if not after χθόνιος a. o. (by Beaumont JournofHellStud. 56, 204 Ίόνιος is connected with Ίώ); in any case Ίάς and Ίαωλκός can be explained from Ίάονες, Ἴωνες. Unclear Ίάνων ( ̆ ̆ ̄; A. Pers. 949f.; lyr.). - The accent in Ἴωνες acc. to Vendryes BSL 25, 49 shows Attic shift as in ἔγωγε. - Proper meaning unknown, so without etymology. Several hypotheses: "the ἰα-cryers" (Theander Eranos 20, 1ff.), "adorers of Apollon ἰήϊος" (Kretschmer Glotta 18, 232f., Kleinas. Forsch. 1, 1ff.). Details in Schwyzer 80: 3. S. Szemerényi Stud. z. Sprachgesch. u. Kultukunde 155-157.Page in Frisk: 1,748Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Ἴωνες
См. также в других словарях:
Glotta — Glotta. Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache ist eine traditionsreiche Fachzeitschrift auf dem Gebiet der Klassischen Philologie. Der Name Glotta kommt von dem Altgriechischen Wort γλῶττα (glotta = Zunge). Die Zeitschrift Glotta… … Deutsch Wikipedia
glotta — glòt·ta s.f. 1. OB TS mus. nell antica Grecia, ancia del flauto 2. BU glottide {{line}} {{/line}} DATA: 1834 nell accez. 2. ETIMO: dal gr. glôtta, var. di glôssa lingua ; nell accez. 2 cfr. fr. glotte … Dizionario italiano
ПОЛИГЛОТ — 1) книга, напечатан. на нескольких языках, преимуществ. Библия, текст которой сопровождают несколько переводов на разные языки; известен т. наз. Валтонский или Лондонский п., на 10 языках; 2) человек, владеющий многими языками. Словарь… … Словарь иностранных слов русского языка
Jerzy Linderski — (born 21 August 1934) is a Polish contemporary scholar of ancient history and Roman religion and law. Currently George L. Paddison Professor of Latin Emeritus at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Jerzy Linderski is one of the… … Wikipedia
glotte — [ glɔt ] n. f. • 1618; gr. glôttis ♦ Orifice du larynx délimité par les cordes vocales, dont l ouverture ou la fermeture contrôle le débit d air expiré. Coup de glotte : occlusive produite par la brusque fermeture de la glotte. Les voyelles… … Encyclopédie Universelle
снубить — сватать, соединять, сводничать , стар., русск. цслав. сноубити, сноублю сводничать (ХI в.), сноубление сводничество , сноубокъ сводник , словен. snubiti, im сватать (для себя или для других) , snobiti – то же, snobok сват , чеш. snoubiti… … Этимологический словарь русского языка Макса Фасмера
глоттохронология — и; ж. [от греч. glōtta язык, chronos время и logos учение]. Область сравнительно исторического языкознания, выявляющая скорость языковых изменений и определяющая время разделения родственных языков. ◁ Глоттохронологический, ая, ое. Г ие… … Энциклопедический словарь
полиглот — а; м. [от греч. polys многочисленный, обширный и glōtta язык] Человек, знающий много языков. Учёный полиглот. * * * полиглот (от поли... и греч. glōtta язык), человек, владеющий многие языками. * * * ПОЛИГЛОТ ПОЛИГЛОТ (от поли... (см. ПОЛИ...… … Энциклопедический словарь
глоттогония — (гр. glotta язык + gonos рождение) происхождение языка в его развитие. Новый словарь иностранных слов. by EdwART, , 2009. глоттогония ГЛОТТОГОНИЯ, глоттогонии, ГЛОТТОЛОГИЯ, мн. нет, ж. [греч. glotta – язык и gone – происхождение] (лингв.).… … Словарь иностранных слов русского языка
глоттология — (гр. glotta язык + ...логия) языкознание (употр. редко). Новый словарь иностранных слов. by EdwART, , 2009. глоттология ГЛОТТОГОНИЯ, глоттогонии, ГЛОТТОЛОГИЯ, мн. нет, ж. [греч. glotta – язык и gone – происхождение] (лингв.). лингвистика,… … Словарь иностранных слов русского языка
Stefan Weinstock — (* 7. November 1901 in Nagyvárad; † 5. Juni 1971 in Oxford) war ein britischer Althistoriker, klassischer Philologe und Religionswissenschaftler österreich ungarischer Herkunft. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Forschung … Deutsch Wikipedia