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61 effect
[ɪ'fekt] 1. сущ.1) результат, следствиеof no effect/ to no effect / without effect — безрезультатный; безрезультатно
to have / produce an effect — иметь ( обычно желательный) результат; подействовать, возыметь эффект
- law of effectNature begins from causes, and thence descends to effects. — В природе все начинается с причин, а потом переходит к следствиям.
Syn:2)а) действие, влияние; воздействиеbeneficial / salutary effect — благоприятное воздействие
deleterious / harmful effect — вредное воздействие
to negate / nullify the effect — нейтрализовать воздействие
to have a profound effect on smth. — оказывать сильное воздействие на что-л.
- domino effect - ripple effectI feel the effect of the narcotic. — Я чувствую действие наркотика.
- side effects
- take effectSyn:б) действие, сила- go into effectto put / carry into effect; to bring / give to effect — осуществлять, приводить в исполнение, проводить в жизнь
- come into effect
- with effect fromSyn:в) эффективность, результативностьA law was made but it had little effect. — Был принят закон, но эффективность его была низка.
Syn:г) тех. производительность3) намерение, цель; содержание, смыслSyn:4)а) впечатление, эффект- calculated for effect
- do for effectSyn:б) ( effects) театр.; кино звуковые эффекты- special effectsSyn:в) физ. эффект, наблюдаемое явление природы- Vavilov-Cherenkov effect5) ( effects)а) юр. движимое (личное) имущество- sale of household effects
- leave no effectsSyn:б) фин. (денежные) средства- effects not clearedSyn:fund 1. 3)2. гл.1) осуществлять, совершать, выполнять (обычно подразумевается преодоление каких-л. препятствий)The most skilful chemists have hitherto failed to effect such decomposition. — Даже наиболее одарённым химикам не удавалось до сих пор произвести такое разложение.
And then to Brittany I'll cross the sea, to effect this marriage, so it please my lord. (W. Shakespeare, King Henry VI) — Потом в Бретань отправлюсь морем я, чтоб этот брак устроить государю. (пер. Е. Бируковой)
The earliest purchases are effected in immediate proximity to the mines. — Наиболее ранние закупки производятся в непосредственной близости от шахт.
- effect an insurance policy- effect paymentSyn:bring about, accomplish2)а) делать, изготовлять, производитьб) уст. строитьThe Lighthouse was effected by Mr. Rudyerd. — Маяк был возвёден мистером Редьярдом.
•Syn:Ant: -
62 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
63 export
1. сущ.1) межд. эк. экспорт, вывоз, экспортирование (вывоз за границу товаров для продажи на внешних рынках и оказание услуг нерезидентам как за рубежом, так и на территории родной страны предоставляющей услуги компании)ATTRIBUTES:
COMBS:
military export — военный экспорт, экспорт военных товаров
export from Japan — экспорт [вывоз\] из Японии
export articles, articles of export — статьи [предметы\] экспорта [вывоза\]
volume of export(s) — объем экспорта (обычно о натуральных единицах: тоннах и т. п.)
Ant:exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplusSee:capital export, direct export, export of counterrevolution, export of jobs, export of revolution, export of unemployment, indirect export, invisible export 1), merchandise export 1), service export, temporary export, visible export 1) certificate for export, country of export, propensity to export COMBS: Automated Export Reporting Program, debt-for-export swap, debt service-to-exports ratio, debt-to-export ratio, export-biased growth, Export Administration Regulations, Export Assistance Center, Export Enhancement Program, Export-Import Bank, export/import business, export-import company, export-import trade, Export Information System, export-led growth, Export Legal Assistance Network, export management company, export-oriented industrialization, export participation rate, export performance requirement, gold export point, import-export company, import-export trade, Targeted Export Assistance Program, Bank Export Services Act, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1) Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1. 1)2) межд. эк., преим. мн. статья [предмет\] экспорта [вывоза\] ( экспортируемый товар или услуга)Sugar and copra are the chief exports. — Сахар и копра являются главными статьями экспорта.
Ant:exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplusSee:domestic exports, foreign exports, demand for exports, duty on exports, supply of exports, reexport 1. 2)3) мн., межд. эк., стат. объем [стоимость, сумма\] экспорта (стоимость или количество экспортированных товаров; также название разделов в статистической или финансовой отчетности, в которых отражается информация о величине экспорта за период)Balance of trade is the difference between a country’s total imports and exports. — Сальдо торгового баланса определяется как разница между общей суммой импорта и экспорта.
Ant:exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplusSee:exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplus4) комп. экспорт, экспортирование (перенос текстовой информации, графических объектов и т. п. из данного файла или программного приложения в другой файл/приложение)Ant:exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplus2. гл.1) межд. эк. вывозить, экспортировать ( продавать товары за границу)The company exports mainly to the US, Japan, Canada and Asia. — Компания экспортирует преимущественно в США, Японию, Канаду и Азию.
Ant:exportation 2)See:2) комп. экспортировать (переносить информацию из данного файла или программного приложения в другой файл/приложение)Ant:exportation 2)See:exportation 2)3. прил.межд. эк. экспортный, вывозной ( относящийся к экспорту)export policy — экспортная политика, политика в области экспорта
Ant:Automated Export System, District Export Council, export advertising, export agent, export bias, export bill of lading, export bonus, export bounty, export broker, export business, export capacity, export cartel, export clearance, export competition, export concentration, export contract, export control, export credit, export crediting, export declaration, export demand, export department, export disincentives, export distributor, export documents, export duty, export earnings, export elasticity, export entry, export factoring, export finance, export financing, export gold point, export house, export incentives, export industry, export insurance, export invoice, export leasing, export letter of credit, export licence, export licensing, export limitation, export manager, export market, export marketing, export merchant, export multiplier, export permit, export pessimism, export platform, export potential, export price, export prices, export pricing, Export Processing Zone, export producer, export products, export promotion, export propensity, export quota, export rate, export refunds, export regulation, export restitution, export restraints, export restrictions, Export Revolving Line of Credit, export risk, export sales, export specialization, export specie point, export statistics, export subsidization, export subsidy, export supply, export surplus, export tariff, export tax, export trade, export trading company, export transaction, export turnover, Export Yellow PagesSee:Automated Export System, District Export Council, export advertising, export agent, export bias, export bill of lading, export bonus, export bounty, export broker, export business, export capacity, export cartel, export clearance, export competition, export concentration, export contract, export control, export credit, export crediting, export declaration, export demand, export department, export disincentives, export distributor, export documents, export duty, export earnings, export elasticity, export entry, export factoring, export finance, export financing, export gold point, export house, export incentives, export industry, export insurance, export invoice, export leasing, export letter of credit, export licence, export licensing, export limitation, export manager, export market, export marketing, export merchant, export multiplier, export permit, export pessimism, export platform, export potential, export price, export prices, export pricing, Export Processing Zone, export producer, export products, export promotion, export propensity, export quota, export rate, export refunds, export regulation, export restitution, export restraints, export restrictions, Export Revolving Line of Credit, export risk, export sales, export specialization, export specie point, export statistics, export subsidization, export subsidy, export supply, export surplus, export tariff, export tax, export trade, export trading company, export transaction, export turnover, Export Yellow Pages
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экспорт: вывоз (продажа) товаров и услуг за границу, в отличие от операций с национальными покупателями.* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *вывоз товаров, капиталов или услуг за границу для реализации на внешних рынках -
64 CGL
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65 liability
сущ.сокр. liab.1) общ. обязанностьSyn:2) юр. ответственность (за какое-л. действие)to accept [acknowledge, assume, incur, take on\] a liability — принимать (на себя), нести ответственность
We assumed full liability for our children's debts. — Мы приняли на себя полную ответственность за долги наших детей.
Your employer's liability does not cover accidents that you have on your way to work. — Ответственность вашего работодателя не распространяются на несчастные случаи, которые происходят с вами по пути на работу.
See:absolute liability, accountant's liability, advertising liability, automobile liability, bodily injury liability, cargo liability, civil liability, commercial general liability, completed operations liability, damage liability, employee benefits liability, employment practices liability, environmental liability, general liability, joint liability, joint and several liability, legal liability, lender liability, long-tail liability, market share liability, personal injury liability, premises liability, product liability, professional liability, public liability, shipowner's liability, termination liability, third party liability, accountability-as-liability, liability claim, liability insurance, liability limit, liability policy, liability reinsurance, liability risk, property-liability insurance, accountability3)The business has liabilities of 2 million dollars. — Фирма имеет задолженность в 2 млн долл.
He denies any liability for the cost of the court case. — Он отрицает какую-л. ответственность по судебным издержкам.
See:accrued liability, actuarial accrued liability, clearly determinable liability, contingent liability, current liability, deferred liability, deposit liabilities, eligible liabilities, financial liability, foreign liabilities, interest-bearing liabilities, interest-sensitive liabilities, intermediate-term liability, managed liabilities, non-deposit liabilities, past service liability, liabilities and owner's equity, asset/liability management committee, liability-sensitive, current debt, long-term debtб) учет, мн. обязательства (общая сумма долгов организации, возникших в результате экономических операций отчетного периода; отражаются в правой стороне бухгалтерского баланса, в сумме с собственным капиталом равны активам организации)See:current liabilities, off-balance-sheet liability, liability account, liability accounting, liability management, right-hand side, asset, equityв) учет пассивная [убыточная\] позиция ( превышение расходов над доходами)4) общ. помеха, трудность, источник неприятностейHe should go because he has become a liability. — Он должен уйти, ибо он стал помехой.
Employers saw her age as a liability rather than an asset. — Работодателям ее возраст казался скорее помехой, чем ценным качеством.
Syn:hindrance, drawbackSee:5) учет, мн. привлеченный капитал (часть бухгалтерского баланса, в которой отражаются источники образования средств организации, сгруппированные по их принадлежности и назначению)Syn:See:
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обязательство, задолженность, пассив; денежные средства и иные ресурсы или товары, которые данное юридическое лицо кому-то должно; требования на активы физического или юридического лица; обязательства являются следствием контракта или действия, их выполнение обязательно для должника; см. asset;* * *Обязательство (задолженность, пассив). Финансовое обязательство или денежные расходы, которые должны быть исполнены/понесены в определенное время в соответствии с контрактными условиями данного обязательства . Инвестиционная деятельность .* * *обязанность; долг; пассив; денежные обязательства -
66 claim
1. сущ.1)а) эк., юр. требование, претензия, притязание (на что-л.)ATTRIBUTES:
territorial claims — территориальные претензии [притязания\]
б) фин., юр. требование (право на активы, принадлежащие другому лицу, напр., на заложенные активы, на активы умершего лица)See:administrative claim, equity claim, general claim, postpetition claim, prepetition claim, secured claim, specific claim, unsecured claim, proof of claim, lienв) страх. страховое требование (требование выплаты страхового возмещения в соответствии с условиями страхового полиса в том числе по государственному социальному страхованию)COMBS:
to put in [submit\] a claim — выставить требование о выплате страхового возмещения
Syn:See:closed claim, death claim 1), dental claim, fraudulent claim, gross claims, in-network claim, incurred but not reported, incurred claims, long-tail claims, medical claim, net claims, open claim, out-of-area claim, out-of-network claim, outstanding claim, paid claims, reinsurance claim, reopened claim, reported claims, Associate in Claims, affidavit of claim, claim agent, claim broker, claim consultant, claim duration, claim manager, claim supervisor, claims adjustment, claims administration, claim administrator, claims administrator, claims agent, claims bordereau, claims broker, claims consultant, claims department, claims determination, claim examiner, claims expenses, claims experience, claims frequency, claims handler, claims history, claims inspector, claims investigation, claims investigator, claims leader, claims management, claims manager, claims processing, claims ratio, claims representative, claims reserve, claims services, claims settlement, claims severity, claims supervisor, claims adjusting company, claims equalisation reserve, no claims bonus, no claims certificate, claims-made coverage, Claims and Underwriting Exchange, Xchanging Claims Services, insurance money, insured event, claim-freeг) эк. заявление, требование (напр. о выделении дополнительных финансовых средств)ATTRIBUTES:
COMBS:
The union put a 6% wage claim. — Профсоюз выставил требование о шестипроцентном повышении заработной платы.
д) юр. право (на что-л.); (законная) претензияATTRIBUTES:
He has no legal claim to the property. — Он не имеет прав на имущество.
2) юр. иск, жалоба; претензия, рекламацияCOMBS:
claim in return, counter claim — встречное требование; встречный иск
to make [to lodge\] a claim against (smb.) — возбуждать иск против (кого-л.), подавать жалобу на (кого-л.)
Syn:See:advertising claim 2), death claim 2), liability claim, long-tail claims, medical claim, product liability claim, claim agent 1) Foreign Claims Settlement Commission3) общ. утверждение, заявлениеhis claims to the contrary notwithstanding — несмотря на то, что он утверждает обратное
The Leader of the Council was asked to comment on press claims that the auditor has found errors in his returns of expenses. — Главу совета попросили прокомментировать заявления прессы о том, что аудитор обнаружил ошибки в его отчетах о расходовании средств.
See:4)а) доб., преим. амер. и австр. участок земли, отведенный под разработку недрб) доб., преим. амер. и австр. заявка на отвод участка2. гл.1) юр. предъявлять права (на что-л.)2) юр., эк. предъявлять претензию, требовать компенсации (право какого-л. лица требовать от другого лица возмещения убытков, вызванными действиями последнего)You are entitled to claim interest on late payments. — У вас есть право требовать уплаты процентов за просроченные платежи.
The Government has introduced legislation to give businesses a statutory right to claim interest if another business pays its bills late.
See:3) страх. требовать выплаты (требовать выплаты по страховому полису в связи с наступлением страхового случая)Can you claim on your household insurance if the tiles on your roof are stolen? — Можете ли вы потребовать выплаты страхового возмещения по вашему полису страхования дома, если похищена черепица с вашей крыши?
The premiums are reduced by fifty per cent if you don't claim on the policy. — (Страховые) премии уменьшаются на 50%, если вы не обращаетесь с требованиями о выплате страхового возмещения по полису.
See:
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1) требование (платежа, возмещения, компенсации); 2) право (напр., право на изобретение, защищаемое патентом); 3) актив; 4) претензия.* * *иск; правопритязание; претензия (страх.); требование; рекламация; платежное требование; убыток (страх.). . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *предъявляемое в судебном или арбитражном порядке требование, вытекающее из принадлежащего истцу права в силу договора или других предусмотренных в законе оснований см. suit-----претензия, заявление, жалоба по поводу ненадлежащего выполнения обязательств по различным основаниям (в отношении количества, качества товаров, просрочки поставки и т. д.)-----требование о возмещении убытков, уплате штрафа, устранении дефектов в продукции и повышении ее качества, об улучшении качества страховых услуг----------for debtпредъявляемое в судебном или арбитражном порядке требование кредитора к заемщику относительно возврата ссуды или долга, выполнения долгового обязательства -
67 program
1. nto administer a program — выполнять / осуществлять программу
to apply a program — использовать / применять программу
to approve a program — утверждать / одобрять программу
to carry out a program — выполнять / осуществлять программу
to contribute to a program — способствовать выполнению программы; вносить вклад в программу
to expand / to extend a program — расширять программу
to lay out a program — излагать / намечать программу
to map out a program — намечать / составлять программу
to outline a program — излагать / намечать программу
to profess a program — придерживаться программы; отстаивать программу
to set out a program — излагать / намечать программу
to slash a program — урезать ассигнования на какую-л. программу
to unfreeze one's nuclear program — размораживать свою ядерную программу
- action-oriented programto water down one's program — ослаблять свою программу
- activated program
- ad hoc program
- advanced technical training programs
- aerospace program
- agrarian program
- agrarian reform program
- aid program
- all-embracing program
- alternative program
- ambitious program
- anti-inflation program
- anti-marine pollution programs
- armament program
- assistance program
- atomic energy program
- atoms-for-peace program
- austerity program
- ballot-counting program
- bilateral program
- black programs
- broad program
- broad-ranging program
- budget program
- categorical assistance program
- civil nuclear program
- civil nuclear-power program
- clear-cut program
- coherent program
- component program
- comprehensive program
- compromise program
- concerted program
- concrete program
- consolidated program
- constructive program
- coordinator of a program
- country programs
- crash program
- daily program of sittings
- detailed program
- development program
- diminution in a program
- disarmament program
- disease control programs
- domestic assaults on a program
- dormant program
- draft program
- economic development program
- economic recovery program
- economic reform program
- election program
- energy program
- established program
- European Recovery Program
- execution of a program
- expanded program
- export promotion program
- family planning program
- famine relief program
- feasible program
- feed-back program
- fellowship program
- field programs
- fiscal program
- flight program
- follow-on program
- follow-up program
- food program
- foreign policy program
- general democratic program
- global program
- government program
- halt to the program
- health program
- home-policy program
- housing program
- implementation of a program
- industrial development program
- innovative program
- in-plant training program
- integrated program
- interdisciplinary program of research
- intergovernmental program
- investment promotion program
- job-training program
- joint program
- land reform program
- large-scale program
- live program
- long-range program
- long-term program
- major program
- manned program
- marine program
- massive program
- maximum program
- medium-term programs
- militant program
- military-political program
- military-space programs
- minimum program
- modernization program
- monitoring and evaluating programs
- multilateral aid program
- national program
- nation-wide program
- natural resources development program
- negotiating program
- nondefense program
- non-nuclear defense program
- nuclear program
- nuclear test program
- nuclear-power program
- nuclear-weapons program
- operational program
- optional program
- party program
- Peace Program
- peaceful program
- performance of a program
- phased program
- pilot program
- political program
- population program
- power program
- price support program
- priority program
- privatization program
- production program
- program aimed at smth
- program for economic cooperation
- program for peace and international cooperation
- program has begun its most difficult period
- program has raised objections
- program of action
- program of activities
- program of consolidation
- program of general and complete disarmament
- program of gradual change
- program of measures
- program of militarization
- program of national rebirth
- program of research
- program of revival
- program of work
- promotion program
- public investment program
- public program
- reconstruction program
- recovery program
- reform program
- regional program
- regular program
- rehabilitation program
- research program
- resettlement program
- restructured program
- retraining program
- revised program
- revision of a program
- rural development program
- safeguards program
- safety standards program
- scientific program
- social program
- social welfare program
- sound program
- space exploration program
- space program
- special-purpose program
- Star Wars program
- Strategic Defense Initiative Program
- study program
- systematic assessment of the relevance, adequacy, progress, efficiency, effectiveness and impact of a program
- target program
- technical aid program
- terrorism reward program
- tough program
- training program
- unconstructive program
- under the program
- unemployment insurance program
- UNEP
- United Nations Environment Program
- utopian program
- vast program
- viable program
- war program
- wasteful program
- welfare program
- well-balanced program
- well-planned program
- well-thought-out program
- wide-ranging program
- work program
- world food program
- youth exchange program 2. vсоставлять программу, разрабатывать программу; программировать -
68 condition
1. n1) состояние, положение2) pl обстоятельства, условия, обстановка; режим3) условие, оговорка
- abnormal conditions
- acceptable conditions
- actual operating conditions
- additional conditions
- adverse conditions
- apparent condition
- as-received condition
- atmospheric conditions
- auxiliary condition
- average conditions
- basic conditions
- basis conditions
- boilerplate conditions
- boom conditions
- business conditions
- climatic conditions
- commercial conditions
- competitive conditions
- compulsory conditions
- credit conditions
- critical conditions
- debenture conditions
- defective condition
- design conditions
- desired conditions
- dissolving condition
- economic conditions
- emergency conditions
- end-service condition
- end-use condition
- environmental conditions
- equal conditions
- equilibrium conditions
- existing conditions
- express conditions
- extreme conditions
- faulty condition
- favourable conditions
- feasibility conditions
- financial condition
- financial conditions
- first-order conditions
- general conditions
- general conditions of a contract
- guarantee conditions
- housing conditions
- implied condition
- inequitable condition
- inflationary conditions
- insurance conditions
- job conditions
- labour conditions
- lease conditions
- letter of credit conditions
- licence conditions
- limiting condition
- living conditions
- loan conditions
- local conditions
- main condition
- maintenance conditions
- mandatory conditions
- marginal conditions
- market condition
- market conditions
- marketing conditions
- meteorological conditions
- moderate operating conditions
- normal conditions
- obligatory conditions
- operable condition
- operating condition
- operating conditions
- operation conditions
- operational conditions
- optimal conditions
- outside condition
- peak condition
- perfect condition
- permanent condition
- plant conditions
- policy conditions
- poor condition
- practical conditions
- precedent condition
- preferential conditions
- preliminary condition
- prescribed conditions
- prevailing conditions
- prevalent market conditions
- prior condition
- production conditions
- project conditions
- proper condition
- purchase and sale conditions
- queue condition
- rated conditions
- readiness condition
- realistic conditions
- realizability condition
- reasonable conditions
- regular service conditions
- resolutive condition
- restrictive conditions
- running conditions
- safety conditions
- saturation condition
- second-order conditions
- service conditions
- serviceable condition
- shop conditions
- side condition
- site conditions
- social conditions
- soil condition
- sound condition
- special conditions
- special policy conditions
- stabilized production conditions
- stable monetary conditions
- standard conditions
- stand-by condition
- starting conditions
- stipulated conditions
- storage conditions
- strict budgetary conditions
- strict technical conditions
- stringent conditions
- subsequent condition
- suitable conditions
- suitable shipping conditions
- surplus conditions
- suspensive condition
- technical conditions
- technological conditions
- tender conditions
- test conditions
- top condition
- trading conditions
- traffic conditions
- transport conditions
- unequal conditions
- unfair conditions
- unfavourable conditions
- uniform conditions
- unsatisfactory conditions
- unsound financial condition
- unstable market conditions
- usable condition
- use conditions
- usual conditions
- working conditions
- conditions of acceptance
- condition of cargo
- conditions of a contract
- conditions of delivery
- conditions of employment
- conditions of financing
- condition of goods
- conditions of a guarantee
- conditions of a letter of credit
- conditions of life
- conditions of the market
- conditions of marketing
- condition of packages
- conditions of participation
- conditions of payment
- conditions of sale
- conditions of service
- conditions of subscription
- conditions of supply
- conditions of transport
- conditions of work
- as per conditions
- in accordance with conditions
- in damaged condition
- in good condition
- in serviceable condition
- in undamaged condition
- in working condition
- on condition
- out of condition
- under existing conditions
- under the given conditions
- under production conditions
- adhere to conditions
- alter conditions
- attach conditions
- bargain for better conditions
- break conditions
- change conditions
- conform to conditions
- create favourable conditions
- follow conditions
- fulfil conditions
- implement conditions
- impose conditions
- improve conditions
- include conditions
- incorporate conditions
- infringe conditions
- lay down conditions
- make conditions
- meet conditions
- modify conditions
- observe conditions
- revise conditions
- set forth conditions
- stipulate conditions
- superimpose conditions
- violate conditions
- yield to conditions2. vEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > condition
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69 fund
1. n1) запас, резерв, фонд2) pl фонды, денежные средства
- accumulation fund
- adequate funds
- actual fund
- additional funds
- advisory funds
- aggressive growth fund
- amortization fund
- authorized fund
- available funds
- balanced fund
- bank funds
- basic fund
- bond fund
- bond sinking fund
- bonus fund
- borrowed funds
- budgetary funds
- burial fund
- buy-out fund
- capital fund
- capital redemption reserve fund
- cash fund
- charter fund
- claims settlement fund
- clearing house funds
- clone fund
- closed fund
- closed-end investment funds
- common stock fund
- common trust fund
- compensation fund
- consolidated fund
- consumption fund
- contingency funds
- contingent fund
- contract fund
- co-op share fund
- corporate income fund
- corporate liquid fund
- country fund
- cover funds
- credit funds
- currency fund
- debt fund
- debt funds
- deferred fund
- deposit funds
- depreciation fund
- development fund
- discretionary fund
- diversified common stock fund
- diversified common trust fund
- dividend reserve fund
- economic incentive fund
- economic stimulation fund
- emergency funds
- emergency reserve fund
- emerging markets growth fund
- employee benefit trust fund
- endowment fund
- equalization fund
- equalized fund
- equity funds
- equity common trust fund
- equity income fund
- escrow funds
- exchange stabilization fund
- expense fund
- extra funds
- extra-budgetary funds
- federal fund
- federal funds
- federal reserve fund
- federal small business support fund
- fiduciary funds
- financial fund
- financing funds
- floating funds
- floating funds in circulation
- footloose funds
- foreign funds
- fresh funds
- front-end load fund
- frozen funds
- general fund
- go-go fund
- gold settlement fund
- good funds
- government funds
- growth fund
- growth and income fund
- guarantee fund
- hard-currency funds
- hedge fund
- high-quality fund
- house funds
- illiquid funds
- imprest fund
- income fund
- income mutual fund
- indemnification fund
- indivisible funds
- inducement fund
- in-house funds
- insufficient funds
- insurance fund
- interest-sensitive funds
- internal funds
- International Monetary Fund
- investment funds
- joint fund
- labour fund
- lease fund
- lendable funds
- liquid fund
- liquid funds
- liquid foreign exchange funds
- liquid reserve fund
- liquidity fund
- load mutual fund
- loan fund
- loan funds
- loanable funds
- loan redemption fund
- local fund
- long-term funds
- low-cost funds
- material incentives fund
- maximum capital gain mutual fund
- monetary fund
- money market fund
- money market mutual fund
- mutual fund
- mutual mortgage insurance fund
- no-load fund
- off-budget fund
- offshore fund
- open-end investment fund
- open share fund
- outside funds
- overnight funds
- payroll fund
- pension fund
- performance fund
- petty cash fund
- policy reserve fund
- private fund
- private funds
- professional health insurance fund
- proprietary fund
- provident fund
- public funds
- public consumption funds
- public off-budget funds
- purchase fund
- real estate fund
- redemption fund
- registered fund
- released fund
- relief fund
- renewal fund
- research-and-development fund
- reserve funds
- retention funds
- revaluation rerserve fund
- revolving fund
- sector-specified fund
- share fund
- shareholders' fund
- short-term funds
- short-term bond fund
- sinking fund
- slush fund
- social consumption funds
- social security fund
- soft loan fund
- specialized fund
- specialty fund
- special-purpose fund
- special reserve fund
- stabilization fund
- standards of emergency funds
- standby funds
- state funds
- statutory fund
- sufficient funds
- superannuation fund
- surplus funds
- tax-exempt bond fund
- tied-up funds
- trust fund
- uncollected funds
- unit fund
- unpaid liability funds
- utility or other-enterprise fund
- volatile funds
- vulture fund
- wages fund
- welfare fund
- working capital fund
- working time fund
- fund for amortization
- fund for development of production
- fund for expansion of production
- fund for the support of small enterprise
- fund for technological improvement
- funds of a bank
- funds of an enterprise
- fund of funds
- administer a fund
- advance funds
- allocate funds
- appropriate funds
- attract funds
- be pressed for funds
- borrow funds
- call upon the fund
- commit the funds
- convert funds to another purpose
- create funds
- deposit funds
- draw money from the fund
- earmark funds
- establish a fund
- extend funds
- freeze funds
- generate funds
- grant funds
- invest funds
- launch a hedge fund
- make funds available
- manage a fund
- misspend federal funds
- obtain funds
- open a fund
- pay out funds
- provide funds
- raise funds
- redistribute funds
- release funds
- repatriate funds
- set aside funds
- set up a fund
- streamline a fund
- tie up funds
- transfer funds
- withdraw funds2. v2) финансировать, фондировать
- fund through taxation -
70 GL
2) эк., юр. сокр. от general licenceGL insurance — общее страхование ответственности, страхование общегражданской ответственности
GL policy — полис общего страхования ответственности*, общий полис страхования ответственности*, полис страхования общегражданской ответственности*
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71 clause
1) статья; пункт; оговорка; клаузула; условие | делить на статьи•clause in contract — пункт, статья, условие договора
- acceleration clausecruel and unusual punishments clause — пункт ( поправки VIII к конституции США) о запрете жестоких и необычных наказаний
- ad damnum clause
- adjustment clause
- alienation clause
- all the estate clause
- American clause
- approval-of-order clause
- arbitration clause
- assignment clause
- attestation clause
- best endeavour clause
- binding clause
- both to blame collision clause
- bunkering deviation clause
- burned and unburned clause
- cancelling clause
- cease clause
- cession clause
- c.i.f. sound delivered clause
- coefficient clause
- collision clause
- commander-in-chief clause
- commerce clause
- compromise clause
- compromissary clause
- conflicting clauses
- confrontation clause
- continuation clause
- contractual clause
- contract clause
- craft clause
- currency clause
- debate clause
- detention clause
- deviation clause
- double jeopardy clause
- due process clause
- efforts clause
- elastic clause
- enacting clause
- equal protection clause
- escalation clause
- escape clause
- establishment clause
- excepted perils clause
- exception clause
- excessive bail and fines clause
- exchange clause
- executive power clause
- exemption clause
- ex post facto clause
- faithful execution clause
- freight clause
- full faith and credit clause
- general ice clause
- general participation clause
- general strike clause
- gold clause
- gold-bullion clause
- gold-coin clause
- gold-value clause
- grandfather clause
- grant-back clause
- habendum clause
- Henry VIII clause
- ice clause
- immunities clauses
- impairment of contracts clause
- inability clause
- indemnity clause
- insurance clause
- interpretation clause
- introductory clause
- irritant clause
- law of the land clause
- let-out clause
- lien clause
- lost or not lost clause
- maintenance-of-membership clause
- manufacturing clause
- memorandum clause
- metalling clause
- most favoured nation clause
- necessary and proper clause
- negligence clause
- obligation of contract clause
- off hire clause
- omnibus clause
- opening clause
- optional clause
- penal clause
- penalty clause
- perils of the sea clause
- perils clause
- policy proof of interest clause
- postal clause
- prepayment clause
- privileges and immunities clause
- productivity clause
- proviso clause
- reciprocity clause
- reddendum clause
- redelivery clause
- release clause
- religion clause
- reprieves and pardons clause
- repugnant clauses
- reservation clause
- residuary clause
- resolutive clause
- riots and civil commotion clause
- running-down clause
- safe port clause
- salvage clause
- saving clause
- self-incrimination clause
- sister ship clause
- speech clause
- standard clause
- subrogation clause
- sue and labour clause
- supremacy clause
- sweeping clause
- take care clause
- telle quelle clause
- termination clause
- testimonium clause
- trademarks clause
- union signatory clause
- warehouse to warehouse clause
- warehouse clause
- whereas clause
- clause of accruer
- cesser clause -
72 term
n1) период, срок2) pl условия
- acceptable terms
- attractive terms
- barter terms
- basic terms
- basis terms
- business terms
- buying terms
- cash terms
- charter terms
- charter-party terms
- collection terms
- commercial terms
- concessionary terms
- consignment terms
- contract terms
- credit terms
- credit payment terms
- current terms
- delivery terms
- discharging terms
- discount terms
- easy terms
- easy terms of licensing
- easy terms of payment
- easy tax terms
- equal terms
- exact terms
- exacting terms
- expired term
- exploration term
- extended term
- extended payment term
- extension terms
- fair terms
- favourable terms
- financial terms
- financing terms
- general terms
- general delivery terms
- granted term
- guarantee terms
- implied terms
- inequitable terms
- initial terms
- insurance terms
- landed terms
- legal terms
- licence term
- licensing terms
- loan terms
- local terms
- long term
- normal terms
- overriding term
- payment terms
- preferential terms
- priority term
- prolonged term
- purchase terms
- quay terms
- regular terms
- rye terms
- sale terms
- selling terms
- settlement terms
- short term
- soft terms
- special terms
- standard terms
- substantive terms
- technical terms
- trade terms
- trading terms
- unacceptable terms
- unequal terms
- uniform terms
- usual terms
- terms for the supply
- terms of acceptance
- term of an agreement
- term of an appeal
- term of an application
- terms of auction
- terms of an average bond
- term of a bill
- terms of cancellation
- terms of carriage
- terms of a charter
- terms of collection
- terms and conditions of a contract
- terms of consignation
- terms of consignment
- terms of a contract
- terms of conveyance
- term of credit
- terms of debenture
- terms of a debt
- term of delivery
- terms of delivery
- terms of exchange
- term of execution of a contract
- terms of financing
- terms of freight
- term of grace
- terms of a guarantee
- terms of interest
- terms of a lease
- term of a licence
- term of licence validity
- term of limitation
- term of a loan
- term of lodging a protest
- term of a note
- terms of an offer
- term of office
- term of a patent
- term of patent protection
- terms of payment
- term of a policy
- term of powers
- term of a promissory note
- terms of a proposal
- terms of reference
- terms of reinsurance
- term of a repurchase agreement
- terms of sale
- terms of security
- term of service
- terms of settlement
- terms of shipment
- terms of trade
- terms of transport
- terms of transportation
- terms of a treaty
- term of validity
- term of a warrant
- terms of a warranty
- for a term of
- for a stated term
- in terms of
- in terms of dollars
- in terms of gold
- in percentage terms
- in physical terms
- in real terms
- in value terms
- on advantageous terms
- on contract terms
- on credit terms
- on easy terms
- on equal terms
- on favourable terms
- on mutually advantageous terms
- on mutually agreed terms
- on turn-key terms
- on usual terms
- under the terms and conditions of a contract
- accept terms
- agree on terms
- alter terms
- buy on easy terms
- come to terms
- come within the terms of a contract
- comply with the terms
- define terms
- exceed a term
- extend a term
- fix a term
- grant a term
- hold to terms
- honour payment terms
- keep the term
- maintain the term
- meet terms
- negotiate terms
- observe terms
- offer terms
- outline terms
- propose terms
- quote terms
- reduce a term
- revise terms
- sell on easy terms
- set a term
- specify terms
- spread payment terms
- stipulate terms
- stretch payment terms -
73 effect
1. [ıʹfekt] n1. результат, следствиеworries have a bad effect on the nervous system - неприятности плохо действуют на нервную систему
he began to feel the evil effects of drinking - он начал ощущать пагубные /зловещие/ последствия пьянства
of no effect, to no effect, without effect - а) безрезультатно; б) безрезультатный; [ср. тж. 2, 1)]
to have /to take/ effect - дать (желаемый) результат; подействовать [см. тж. 3, 2)]
the medicine took effect - лекарство подействовало /помогло/
the medicine has had no effect on her symptoms - лекарство не сняло симптомов болезни
2. 1) цель; намерениеto this effect - для этого, для этой цели
to no effect - бесцельно [ср. тж. 1]
2) смысл; сущность, существо ( дела): содержаниеin effect - в сущности; по существу, фактически
his poetry was, in effect, his life - по существу /по сути дела/ поэзия была его жизнью
3. 1) действие, воздействие, влияниеflutter effect - спец. вибрация, дрожание
the effect of light - а) действие света; б) фото актинический эффект
the effect of environment upon man's life - влияние окружающей среды на жизнь человека
2) действие, действенность; силаbinding effect - дип. обязательная сила
lack of effect - юр. недействительность
to take effect - вступать в силу [см. тж. 1]
with effect from... - вступающий в силу с...
to be in effect - действовать, быть действительным (о законе, соглашении и т. п.)
4. осуществление, выполнениеto put /to bring, to carry/ into /to/ effect - осуществлять, проводить в жизнь, выполнять
in order to give effect to the decisions of the Security Council - для осуществления решений Совета Безопасности
5. эффект, впечатлениеfor effect - для (внешнего) эффекта, напоказ; чтобы произвести впечатление
the speech did not fail to have its effect on the audience - как и ожидалось, речь произвела впечатление на аудиторию
special effect - специальные эффекты (дождь, снег, туман, пожар и т. п.)
7. воен. огневое воздействие, убойность8. тех. полезный эффект; производительность ( машины)♢
to the effect that... - в том смысле, что...; следующего содержания...there is considerable authority to the effect that - многие компетентные люди полагают, что...
the answer was to the effect that... - они ответили (в том смысле), что...
the letter was to the following effect - содержание письма сводилось к следующему
2. [ıʹfekt] vhe said he did not care, or words to that effect - он сказал, что ему всё равно или что-то в этом роде
1. осуществлять; совершать; выполнять; проводить ( в жизнь); производитьtheir transition to automation was effected last year - их переход на автоматику был проведён в прошлом году
the admission to membership in the U.N. will be effected by a decision... - приём в члены ООН производится постановлением...
to effect payment - фин. производить платёж
2. заключать, оформлять (сделку и т. п.)to effect a policy (of insurance) - застраховаться, приобрести страховой полис
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74 cargo
сущ.мн. cargoes или cargos трансп. груз, карго (корабля, самолета и т. д.)to carry [to transport\] cargo — перевозить [транспортировать\] груз
to take in cargo — брать [принимать\] груз
bagged cargo — груз в мешках; груз, упакованный в мешки
bale cargo — груз в кипах, киповый груз
homeward [return\] cargo — обратный груз
See:air cargo, bad order cargo, bonded cargo, bulk cargo, consolidated cargo, dry cargo, general cargo, homeward cargo, hot cargo, optional cargo, return cargo, supercargo, cargo agency, cargo agent, cargo consolidator, cargo cult, cargo dispatcher, cargo handling, cargo insurance, cargo liability, cargo list, cargo manifest, cargo plan, cargo policy, cargo preference, cargo receipt, cargo receiver, Cargo Selectivity System, cargo ship, cargo ton, cargo tonnage, freight 1. 1), consignment 1. 1), 24-Hour Advance Cargo Manifest Rule, aircraft cargo handling supervisors, cargo and freight agents, Institute Cargo Clause
* * *
карго, груз (корабля, самолета).* * *. перемещаемый (перевозимый, транспортируемый) товар; способ (морской, железнодорожный, воздушный и др.), условия ('в упаковке', 'без упаковки', 'навалом', 'наливом' и др.), режим (температура, влажность и др., в т.ч. непредвиденных обстоятельств. См. также генеральный груз. . Словарь экономических терминов 1 .* * *см. cgo-----Международные перевозки/Таможенное правообщее обозначение груза, перевозимого на судне в тех случаях, когда не указывается наименование груза -
75 model
1) макет; модель || моделировать2) образец4) модель, тип ( изделия)5) шаблон•- countably saturated model - countably uniform model - coupled channels model - finite state model - finitely generated model - game-theory model - random trial increment model - random walk model - sampling model
См. также в других словарях:
International General Insurance Company of Pakistan — IGI Insurance Limited (formerly known as International General Insurance Company of Pakistan Limited) was incorporated in 1953, with Syed Maratib Ali as the first Chairman. IGI, a part of the Packages Group, was listed on the Karachi and Lahore… … Wikipedia
policy — pol·i·cy 1 / pä lə sē/ n pl cies: an overall plan, principle, or guideline; esp: one formulated outside of the judiciary obligated to consider legislative policy on the matter in their decision policy 2 n pl cies: a contract of insurance; also:… … Law dictionary
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insurance — A contract whereby, for a stipulated consideration, one party undertakes to compensate the other for loss on a specified subject by specified perils. The party agreeing to make the compensation is usually called the insurer or underwriter; the… … Black's law dictionary
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Insurance — This article is about risk management. For Insurance (blackjack), see Blackjack. For Insurance run (baseball), see Insurance run. In law and economics, insurance is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a… … Wikipedia
policy — The general principles by which a government is guided in its management of public affairs, or the legislature in its measures. A general term used to describe all contracts of insurance. See policy of insurance. This term, as applied to a law,… … Black's law dictionary
insurance — Guarding against property loss or damage making payments in the form of premiums to an insurance company, which pays an agreed upon sum to the insured in the event of loss. Bloomberg Financial Dictionary * * * insurance in‧sur‧ance [ɪnˈʆʊərəns ǁ… … Financial and business terms