ga-naitjan

ὄνειδ-ος, εος, τό,

A reproach, rebuke, censure, blame, esp. by word,

προθέουσιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι Il.1.291

;

λέγ' ὀ. 2.222

;

ὀ. βάζεις Od.17.461

; εἶχε ὄ. καὶ ἀτιμίην was in disgrace, Hdt.9.71 ;

ὄ. ὀνειδίζειν S.Ph. 523

; ὄ. φέρει it brings reproach, Pl.R. 590c ;

ὄ. τινὶ περιθεῖναι Antipho 5.18

;

περιάψειν Lys.21.24

; ὡς ἐν ὀνείδει by way of reproach, Pl.Grg. 512c, cf. R. 431b (without

ὡς Smp. 189e

) ; ὀνείδει ἐνέχεσθαι, συνέχεσθαι, Id.Lg. 808e, 944e : pl.,

ὀνείδη κλύειν A.Pers. 757

;

κολάζειν ὀνείδεσι

with censures,

Pl.Lg. 847a

;

ὀνείδη ἔχει τὰ μέγιστα Id.R. 344b

;

ὀ. ἐπιφέρειν Arist.EN 1123a32

.

2 matter of reproach, disgrace,

σοὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ.. κατηφείη καὶ ὄ. Il.16.498

;

σοὶ μὲν δὴ.. κατηφείη καὶ ὄ., εἰ.. 17.556

, cf. Hdt.2.36 ;

ἐμῇ κεφαλῇ κατ' ὀνείδεα χεῦαν Od. 22.463

;

τέκνοις ὄ. λιπεῖν E.Heracl. 301

;

ὀνειδῶν καὶ κακῶν μέστους D. 22.31

; ὄνειδός [ἐστι] c. inf., E.Andr. 410 : c. gen., τὸ.. πόλεως ὄ. the disgrace of the city, A.Th. 539 ;

αὑτῆς ὄ. S.OC 984

;

ὄ. Ἑλλάνων Id.Aj. 1191

(lyr.) ;

τὸ Λυσίου ὄ. Pl.Phdr. 277a

; Oedipus calls his daughters τοιαῦτ' ὀνείδη, S.OT 1494, cf. Ar.Ach. 855, D.21.132.

3 the statement of Eust.88.15, 647.36 that ὄ. meant originally any report of one, reputation, character, is not borne out by the passages he cites—

ὄ. οὐ καλόν S.Ph. 477

;

Θήβαις κάλλιστον ὄ. E.Ph. 821

(lyr.) ;

καλὸν ὄ. Id.Med. 514

, IA 305, which are plainly ironical. (Cf. Skt. nindati, nid- 'insult', Goth. ga-naitjan 'slander', Lett. naids 'hatred'.)

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `reproach, rebuke, abuse, disgrace' (Il.).

Derivatives: ὀνειδείη f. `id.' (Nic.; cf. on ἐλεγχείη s. ἐλέγχω), ὀνείδειος `baling, scolding' (Hom., AP), ὀνειδείω `to blame' (Thebaïs Fr. 3; \< -εσ-ι̯ω); mostly ὀνειδίζω, also with prefix as ἐξ-, προσ-, `to make reproaches, to abuse, to scold' with several derivv.: ὀνείδ-ισμα n. `reproach, abuse' (Hdt.), - ισμός ( ἐξ-) m. `id.' (D.H., J.), - ιστήρ (E., κατ- ὄνειδος Man.), - ιστής (Arist.) `railer' (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 14 a. 18), ( ἐξ-)ονειδιστικός `abusive' (hell.); on itself ἐπ-ονείδ-ιστος `deserving a reproach, blameworthy' (Att.), prob. for *ἐπ-ονειδής after the many verbal adj. in - ιστος.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [760] * h₃neid- `revile'

Etymology: Old, in Grek isolated verbal noun without exact non-Greek agreement. The basic primary verb, which in Greek was replaced by the denomin. ὀνειδίζω, is in other languages often retained: Skt. nid-āná- `reproached', athem. aor. ptc., beside which the passive formation nid-yá-māna- `id.' and the nasal present ní-n-d-ati (cf. on ὄνομαι); Av. nāis-mī \< * nāid-s-mi `I reproach', lengthened grade athem. pres. with s-enlargement (if not analogical after forms like ipf. nāis-t \< * nāid-t, 2. pl. nis-ta \< * nid-ta); Balt. e.g. Latv. nîdu, inf. nîdêt, nîst `squint at, not tolerate, hate'. Further fom German. the deverbal or denominative secondary formation in Goth. ga-naitjan `revile'. Especially interesting for Greek is because of the vowelprothesis Arm. anicanem, aor. anici \< * o-neid-s- (on Arm. a- \< o- cf. on ὄναρ, on -s- Meillet MSL 20, 211). -- Further forms with lit. and uncontrollable root analysis in WP. 2, 322f., Pok. 760, Feist Vgl. Wb. d. got. Spr. s. v., Kuiper Nasalpräs. 130, Specht Ursprung 126, 167; see also Mayrhofer s. níndati and Fraenkel s. níedėti.

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