-
81 projective
проективный, проекционный allowable projective resolution ≈ допустимая проективная резольвента atomic projective geometry ≈ атомическая проективная геометрия bounding projective chain ≈ ограничивающая проективная цепь centrally projective connectedness ≈ центропроективная связность completely projective module ≈ вполне проективный модуль exceptional projective line ≈ исключительная проективная прямая faithfully projective module ≈ вполне проективный модуль faithfully projective object ≈ строго проективный объект generic projective transformation ≈ общее проективное преобразование n-way projective space ≈ n-кратное проектируемое пространство object of projective connectivity ≈ объект проективной связности one-way projective space ≈ однократное проективное пространство point of projective plane ≈ точка проективной плоскости projective coordinate system ≈ проективная система координат projective curvature tensor ≈ тензор проективной кривизны projective geometry code ≈ проективно-геомет-рический код projective module group ≈ группа проективных модулей pure projective geometry ≈ чисто проективная геометрия pure projective group ≈ сервантно проективная группа quasipure projective group ≈ квазисервантно проективная группа quaternion projective space ≈ кватернионное проективное пространство relative projective object ≈ относительно проективный объект right projective module ≈ правый проективный модуль shunted projective space ≈ стянутое проективное пространство tensor of projective curvature ≈ тензор проективной кривизны thread of projective spectrum ≈ нить проекционного спектра totally projective group ≈ тотально проективная группа weakly projective complex ≈ слабо проективный комплекс weakly projective deformation ≈ слабо проективная деформация weakly projective module ≈ слабо проективный модуль - projective connection - projective connectivit - projective convergence - projective convexity - projective coordinates - projective coordinatization - projective correlation - projective correspondence - projective covariant - projective cover - projective cubic - projective curvature - projective cycle - projective deformation - projective determinacy - projective dilatation - projective dimension - projective element - projective embedding - projective envelope - projective equivalence - projective extremum - projective fibration - projective form - projective framing - projective function - projective game - projective generalization - projective generation - projective geometry - projective group - projective half-plane - projective hierarchy - projective homogeneity - projective homology - projective homomorphism - projective homothety - projective hyperplane - projective interval - projective invariance - projective invariant - projective isomorphism - projective lattice - projective lifting - projective limit - projective manifold - projective maximum - projective metric - projective model - projective module - projective morphism - projective motion - projective normal - projective object - projective operation - projective operator - projective ordering - projective parameter - projective pencil - projective plane - projective point - projective presheaf - projective quadric - projective quartic - projective quotient - projective relation - projective relational - projective representation - projective resolution - projective resolvent - projective scale - projective scheme - projective semiplane - projective set - projective sheaf - projective shift - projective space - projective spectrum - projective sphere - projective spray - projective structure - projective subdivision - projective sublimit - projective subspace - projective symmetry - projective system - projective tensor - projective topology - projective transformation - projective translation - projective transvection - projective tree - projective triangle - projective twistor - projective variety - projective zero - pure projective - quasipure projective - recursively projective - weakly projective (математика) проективный - * geometry проективная геометрия - * plane проективная плоскость выдающийся, выступающийБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > projective
-
82 quantile
квантиль, квантильный - normal quantile - optimum quantile - population quantile - posterior quantile - quantile difference - quantile element - quantile estimator - quantile function - quantile plot - sample quantile КвантильБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > quantile
-
83 ramified
1) разветвленный
2) ветвистый
3) ветвящийся ∙ analytically ramified covering space ≈ аналитически разветвленное накрытие analytically ramified space ≈ аналитически разветвленное пространство completely ramified surface ≈ вполне разветвленная поверхность fully ramified extension ≈ вполне разветвленное расширение fully ramified field ≈ вполне разветвленное поле purely ramified extension ≈ вполне разветвленное расширение ramified class calculus ≈ разветвленное исчисление классов ramified prime divisor ≈ разветвленный простой дивизор strongly ramified ideal ≈ сильно разветвленный идеал tamely ramified extension ≈ слабо разветвленное расширение totally ramified extension ≈ вполне разветвленное расширение totally ramified field ≈ вполне разветвленное поле totally ramified ideal ≈ вполне разветвленный идеал totally ramified value ≈ вполне разветвленное значение wildly ramified extension ≈ бурно разветвленное расширение - analytically ramified - completely ramified - fully ramified - ramified algebra - ramified covering - ramified element - ramified expansion - ramified experiment - ramified extension - ramified field - ramified function - ramified hierarchy - ramified ideal - ramified manifold - ramified morphism - ramified place - ramified prime - ramified search - ramified solution - ramified system - ramified theor - ramified value - strongly ramified - tamely ramified - totally ramified - wildly ramified разветвленный - * system разветвленная системаБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > ramified
-
84 real-valued
вещественнозначный, действительнозначный - real-valued element - real-valued expression - real-valued form - real-valued function - real-valued parameter - real-valued processБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > real-valued
-
85 uniquely
1) однозначно
2) единственным образом
3) единственно ∙ uniquely colorable graph ≈ однозначно раскрашиваемый граф uniquely determined sequence ≈ однозначно определенная последовательность uniquely divisible module ≈ однозначно делимый модуль uniquely factorizable element ≈ однозначно разложимый элемент uniquely intersectable graph ≈ однозначно пересекающийся граф uniquely nomographic function ≈ однозначно номографическая фукнция uniquely representable graph ≈ однозначно представимый граф - uniquely colorable - uniquely decipherable - uniquely decodable - uniquely defined - uniquely dependent - uniquely determined - uniquely divisible - uniquely factorizable - uniquely intersectable - uniquely representable ОднозначноБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > uniquely
-
86 distribution
сущ.1) общ. раздача, распределение; рассылкаSee:distribution of authority, distribution of goods 2), distribution of income and wealth, distribution centre 2)2) распределение, распространение, дистрибуцияа) торг. (товаров между потребителями через розничные и оптовые торговые точки, торговых посредников и т. п.)distribution efficiency — эффективность (системы) распределения [товародвижения\]
distribution element — элемент [составляющая\] системы распределения
mass [massive\] distribution — массовое распространение, массовая дистрибуция
production distribution — распространение продукции; сбыт продукции
See:distribution of goods 1), door-to-door distribution, dual distribution, exclusive distribution, film distribution, forced distribution, intensive distribution, limited distribution, national distribution, physical distribution, selective distribution, wholesale distribution, distribution agency, distribution allowance, distribution area 1), distribution centre 1), distribution channel, distribution charge 2), distribution facilities, distribution fee, distribution level, distribution licence, distribution management, distribution mix, distribution model, distribution network, distribution outlet, distribution pattern, distribution right, distribution vehicle 2), distribution warehouse, distributor, chain of production and distribution, distributional economies, sales functionб) фин., бирж. ( размещение ценных бумаг)See:3) эк. распределение (в экономической теории: распределение произведенного продукта между участниками производства; в классической политической экономии являлось одним из четырех основных этапов хозяйственной деятельности: производство-распределение-обмен-потребление; соответственно, теория распределения была одним из основных разделов экономической теории; в неоклассической теории название "теория распределения" постепенно заменяется на теорию "рынков факторов производства"; различают функциональное и персональное распределение)See:functional distribution, personal distribution, distribution theory, production, exchange, consumption, distribution according to labour4) фин. распределение (прибыли) ( направление части чистой прибыли на выплату дивидендов акционерам)See:accumulation distribution, capital gains distribution, distribution period, distributable profit, payment date, retained earningsSee:6) юр. распределение, раздел (активов между несколькими лицами в соответствии с законом, напр., раздел имущества умершего лица или объявленного банкротом предприятия)7) гос. фин., брит. (дивиденд или квазидивиденд, включаемый в налогооблагаемую базу при расчете авансового налога на корпорацию)See:8) стат. распределениеа) (ряд чисел, приписывающий каждой случайной величине определенную вероятность)See:б) бирж. разброс ( границы колебания биржевых цен)See:9) СМИ = broadcast distribution10) с.-х. размножение (о сельскохозяйственных культурах, породах животных и т. д.)* * *выплата дивидендов; распределение дохода; распределение прибыли; распределение; снабжение; реализация; сбыт. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *распределение; сбытдоведение товаров до потребителей через систему оптовых и розничных торговцев-----совокупность различных торговых предприятий, продающих товар рекламодателя2. расположениерасположение рекламных щитов и плакатов на пересечении основных магистралей-----распределение; сбытдоведение товаров до потребителей через систему оптовых и розничных торговцев-----распределение, сбыт1. платеж, производимый компанией из подлежащей распределению прибыли2. дивиденд или квазидивиденд, с которого платится авансовый корпорационный налог -
87 decision
1) решение
2) принятие гипотезы
3) разрешающий
– decision analysis
– decision element
– decision function
– decision making
– decision problem
– decision process
– decision table
– multivalued decision
– terminal decision
– yes-or-no decision
statistical decision procedure — статистическое разрешающее правило
-
88 dissipative
диссипативный
– dissipative attenuation
– dissipative element
– dissipative flow
– dissipative function -
89 linear
1) линейный
2) линейный аналоговый
3) линейчатый
4) погонный
5) прямолинейный
6) линеаризированный
7) продольный
– linear accelerator
– linear accelerometer
– linear actuator
– linear algebra
– linear amplifier
– linear approximation
– linear chain
– linear circuit
– linear complex
– linear dependence
– linear detector
– linear dimension
– linear distortion
– linear distribution
– linear disturbance
– linear element
– linear equation
– linear error
– linear expansion
– linear family
– linear in
– linear interpolation
– linear interpolator
– linear load
– linear magnification
– linear manifold
– linear measure
– linear modulation
– linear molecule
– linear motion
– linear polymer
– linear potentiometer
– linear programming
– linear radiator
– linear rectifier
– linear reduction
– linear regression
– linear relationship
– linear shrinkage
– linear span
– linear stress
– linear system
– linear tensor
– linear transducer
– linear two-port
– linear vibrations
– linear with
– piecewise linear
ample linear system — <math.> система линейная обильная
closable linear operator — линейный оператор, допускающий замкнутое расширение
coefficient of linear expansion — коэффициент линейного расширения
contractive linear transformation — стягивающее линейное преобразование
linear accelerometer sensor — <tech.> датчик линейных ускорений
linear continuous filter — <electr.> фильтр непрерывный линейный
linear discriminant function — <math.> функция дискриминантная линейная
linear sweep generator — <phot.> генератор линейного напряжения развертки
piecewise linear characteristic — кусочно-линейная характеристика
-
90 majority
1) большинство
2) мажоритарный
3) мажорировать
4) большая часть
– majority carrier
– majority element
– majority emitter
– majority function
– majority game
– majority gate
– majority logic
– majority principle -
91 method
1) метод
2) способ
3) процедура
– ADI method
– adjoint method
– aero-projection method
– anaglyphic method
– approximate method
– area method
– averaging method
– axiomatic method
– backing-space method
– balancing method
– ball-and-ring method
– block-diagram method
– bordering method
– Borrmann method
– bottle method
– branch-and-bound method
– brittel-varnish method
– building-block method
– caisson method
– chain method
– chopped-beam method
– Clegg method
– coincidence method
– colorimetric method
– complexometric method
– conductance-measuring method
– cone method
– conjugate-gradient method
– constant-fraction method
– correlation method
– curing method
– cut-and-try method
– deductive method
– deflection method
– delta method
– Deschamps method
– diagram method
– difference method
– dilution method
– dimensional method
– direct method
– dot alloying method
– dry combustion method
– dry method
– Dumas method
– dye-penetrant method
– efflux method
– elastic method
– electrophoretic method
– empirical method
– energy method
– equal-altitude method
– equal-deflection method
– equal-strain method
– escalator method
– estimate by the method
– evaporation method
– exact method
– fall-of-charge method
– finitary method
– floatation method
– floating-zone method
– fusion method
– gradient method
– graph method
– graphical method
– gravimetric method
– gray-wedge method
– grid method
– Griess-Ilovai method
– half-deflection method
– horn-and-lens method
– immersion method
– incremental method
– indirect method
– inexact method
– interfermetric method
– inverse-scattering method
– inversion method
– isolation method
– iteration method
– kick-sorting method
– laboratory method
– load-factor method
– lobe-switching method
– lost wax method
– lumped-parameter method
– machining method
– manufacturing method
– Markowitz method
– mesh-current method
– method of angles
– method of bearings
– method of directions
– method of exhaustion
– method of gisements
– method of image
– method of images
– method of joints
– method of revolution
– method of sections
– method of superposition
– midsquare method
– mirror-image method
– momentum-transfer method
– moving-average method
– nephelometric method
– net method
– net-point method
– neutral-points method
– nodal-pair method
– node-voltage method
– non-destructive method
– non-recursive method
– null method
– numerical method
– objective method
– offset method
– offset-signal method
– operational method
– opposition method
– orthogonalized-plane-wave method
– paramagnetic-resonance method
– particle method
– particle-in-cell method
– perturbation method
– plunge-cut method
– point-by-point method
– polar method
– postulational method
– powder method
– predictor-corrector method
– processing method
– pseudoviscosity method
– pulse method
– pulse-counting method
– pulse-echo method
– pumping method
– qualitative method
– quantitative method
– radiation method
– radiometric method
– raster-scan method
– ray-trace method
– refletion method
– relaxation method
– reliability method
– resonance method
– retardation method
– root-locus method
– rotating-crystal method
– Runge-Kutta method
– saddle-point method
– sampling method
– secant method
– sedimentaion method
– semigraphical method
– separation method
– shadow method
– shake method
– shock-capturing method
– shooting method
– short-cut method
– sieve method
– similitude method
– slope-deflection method
– spectroscopic method
– spiral-scan method
– step-back method
– step-by-step method
– stroboscopic method
– stylus method
– subjective method
– substitution method
– sweep method
– test-line method
– three-base method
– time-of-flight method
– topological method
– total-strain method
– tracer method
– trial-and-error method
– triangulation method
– trilateration method
– Tukey-Cooley method
– Tukey-Sand method
– variable-phase method
– variational method
– visual method
– volumetric method
– Whitham's method
– wobbulator method
– work method
– worst-case method
– zero-beat method
alternating direction method — <math.> метод перемежающийся, метод переменных направлений, метод чередущихся направлений
alternating-variable descent method — <math.> метод покоординатного спуска
balance-chart method of planning — <econ.> метод планирования балансовый
Barrelet method of zeroes — <phys.> метод нулей Барле
baseband recording method — способ раздельной записи видеоинформации с временным уплотнением
branch and bound method — метод ветвей и границ, метод ветвления и ограничения
composite value method — <comput.> метод передачи совместных значений, метод совместных значений
differential control method — дифференцированный метод контроля
divide by differential method — делить дифференциальным методом
equal deflection method — <tech.> метод равных отклонений
false position method — <math.> метод пристрелки
Feynman diagram method — <phys.> техника диаграммная
finite element method — <math.> метод конечных элементов
Hopkinson split-bar method — метод составного стержня Гопкинсона
method of complex gradients — <math.> метод сопряженных градиентов
method of false position — <math.> метод ложного положения
method of feasible directions — <math.> метод возможных направлений
method of fraction levelling — метод нивелирования по частям
method of incremental rates — <engin.> метод относительных приростов
method of penultimate remainder — <math.> метод предпоследнего остатка
method of separation of variable — метод разделения переменных
method of steepest descent — <math.> метод наискорейшего спуска, метод скорейшего спуска
method of symmetrical components — метод симметричных составляющих
method of variation of parameters — метод вариации постоянных
moment distribution method — метод перераспределения моментов
moving average method — <math.> метод скользящих средних
reflected wave method — < radio> метод отраженных волн
regula falsa method — <math.> метод пристрелки
relative method of measurement — относительный метод измерения
spot-scan photomultiplier method — метод сканирования пятном
successive exclusion method — метод последовательных исключений
zero deflection method — <tech.> метод нулевого отклонения
-
92 quaternion
-
93 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
94 signal
1) сигнал
2) семафорить
3) <electr.> колебание
4) сигнальный
5) давать сигнал
6) сигнализировать
7) событие
8) импульс
– aggregate signal
– analog signal
– apply signal
– approach signal
– audio signal
– banner signal
– binary signal
– busy signal
– call-on signal
– coded signal
– correcting signal
– correction signal
– delay signal
– desired signal
– distress signal
– driving signal
– dwarf signal
– erasure signal
– error signal
– four-aspect signal
– gating signal
– ghost signal
– home signal
– hump signal
– in-phase signal
– input signal
– keying signal
– light signal
– local-oscillator signal
– modulating signal
– monitor signal
– monitoring signal
– monochrome signal
– multifrequency signal
– normal-mode signal
– output signal
– overshoot of signal
– passage of signal
– peak signal
– pilot signal
– pot signal
– quantized signal
– radio-frequency signal
– reject a signal
– request signal
– restrictive signal
– ringing signal
– rubout signal
– selective signal
– signal aspect
– signal bridge
– signal case
– signal check
– signal comparator
– signal compression
– signal conditioner
– signal detection
– signal device
– signal diode
– signal distance
– signal duration
– signal element
– signal field
– signal flag
– signal flare
– signal frequency
– signal indication
– signal intelligence
– signal limiting
– signal line
– signal loss
– signal matrix
– signal motor
– signal normalization
– signal officer
– signal oscillator
– signal path
– signal perception
– signal post
– signal power
– signal presentation
– signal quantization
– signal range
– signal read-through
– signal regeneration
– signal restitution
– signal restoration
– signal strength
– signal threshold
– signal to subscriber
– signal tracing
– signal voltage
– signal waveform
– signal wire
– single-sideband signal
– slope of a signal
– smashboard signal
– speech signal
– spurious signal
– steady signal
– steady-state signal
– super-sandcastle signal
– telegraph signal
– telephone signal
– television signal
– time signal
– trimmer signal
– tuning signal
– voice-frequency signal
– wayside signal
– wideband signal
– wig-wag signal
– write signal
airborne signal company — <commun.> авиарота связи
automatic signal transmitter — <commun.> автомат подачи сигналов
block signal station — < railways> пост блокировочный
grade crossing signal — < railways> сигнал переездный
hump repeater signal — < railways> сигнал горочный повторительный
inner home signal — < railways> сигнал входной добавочный
phase-shift keyed signal — <commun.> сигнал фазоманипулированный
signal increases in frequency — сигнал увеличивается по частоте
signal marker light — < railways> сигнал световой отличительный
signal propagation velocity — < radio> скорость распространения сигналов
signal shaping network — <electr.> контур исправления сигнала
signal strength flotation — флуктуация интенсивности сигнала
signal strength meter — < radio> измеритель силы сигнала
switch signal lever — < railways> рукоятка стрелочного указателя
telemetry signal demodulator — демодулятор телеметрического сигнала
trimmer signal lever — < railways> рукоятка указателя путей
zero signal current — <electr.> ток покоя
-
95 switching
1) переключение
2) коммутационный
3) коммутация соединений
4) маневры
5) переключательный
6) < railways> маневровый
7) переключающий
8) коммутация
– arcless switching
– automatic switching
– channel switching
– circuit switching
– code switching
– data switching
– dial switching
– electrical switching
– electronic switching
– faulty switching
– internal switching
– packet switching
– regional switching
– relay switching
– remote switching
– routine switching
– switching algebra
– switching center
– switching circuit
– switching crew
– switching device
– switching diode
– switching discharge
– switching element
– switching equipment
– switching frequency
– switching function
– switching interferometer
– switching matrix
– switching mechanism
– switching net-work
– switching pad office
– switching point
– switching pulse
– switching surge
– switching table
– switching through
– switching time
– switching voltage
– telephone switching
– time lag of switching
– time-division switching
chatter of switching contacts — дребезжание коммутационных контакт
integrated switching system — интегральная коммутационная система
quasi-electronic switching system — квазиэлектронная система коммутации
step-by-step switching equipment — коммутационная аппаратура шаговой
telephone switching device — телефонное коммутационное устройство
-
96 threshold
1) порог
2) пороговый
3) <engin.> точка граничная
– absolute threshold
– counting threshold
– detection threshold
– energy threshold
– excitation threshold
– fission threshold
– hearing threshold
– intelligibility threshold
– inversion threshold
– lasing-action threshold
– oscillation threshold
– photoelectric threshold
– reaction threshold
– resolution threshold
– runway threshold
– self-excitation threshold
– self-focusing threshold
– signal threshold
– signal-detection threshold
– threshold audiogram
– threshold detector
– threshold effect
– threshold element
– threshold energy
– threshold frequency
– threshold function
– threshold gain
– threshold intensity
– threshold inversion
– threshold level
– threshold logic
– threshold of audibility
– threshold of detectability
– threshold of feeling
– threshold of generation
– threshold of luminesence
– threshold of pain
– threshold of sensitivity
– threshold pulse
– threshold range
– threshold reaction
– threshold sensitivity
– threshold value
– threshold voltage
– threshold wave-length
threshold logic unit — <comput.> блок логический пороговый
-
97 Gaussian
гауссовскийGaussian cylindrical measure, гауссовская цилиндрическая мераGaussian distribution гауссовское/нормальное распределениеGaussian lave гаус-совский/нормальный законАнглийский-русский словарь по теории вероятностей, статистике и комбинаторике > Gaussian
-
98 EE
1) Компьютерная техника: Expensive Edition2) Военный термин: educational establishment, electromagnetic environment, electronic engineering, electronic environment, electronic equipment, elements of expense, emergency equipment, emergency establishment, engagement effectiveness, expiration of enlistment, external environment3) Техника: electrically erased, electromagnetic evaluation, electronic editing, electronics engineering division, electronics-to-electronics, energy exchanger, exoelectron emission4) Математика: Explicit Equality5) Религия: Evangelism Explosion6) Железнодорожный термин: Ellis and Eastern Company7) Грубое выражение: Exciting Ejaculations8) Сокращение: EW Expendable, Early English, Electrical Engineer, Electrical Engineering, Electrical or Electronics Engineer, Electronics Engineer, Envoy Extraordinary, earth entry, employee, end to end, experimental establishment, errors excepted, exclusive economic zone, Early Edition, Early Entry, Earth Electrode, Eased Edges (lumber industry), Easter Egg (hidden area of a program or site), Eastern European, Ecosystem Evaluation, Edge Enhancement (video), Edward Elric (protagonist of anime series FullMetal Alchemist), Electrical Energy, Electrical Essence (forum), Electronic Encyclopedia, Electronic Engineer, Element Energy, Elementary Education, Elite Edition, Empire Earth (game), End-Effector, Energy Expenditure, Energy and Environment, Engraver's Express, Inc, Enter Exponent (calculator function), Enterprise Edition (Java2), Environmental Education, Environmental Engineering, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Epreuve d'essai (French: proof print), Equal Exchange, Equipment Engineering, Ersatz Elevator (Lemony Snicket), Escape and Evasion, Estonia, Estoy Escuchando (Spanish: now playing), Et Cetera, Et Cetera, Eternal Echo (band), Eternal Energy, Eternity Engine (gaming), Ether Extract, Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy, Euskadiko Ezquerra (Basque Division of the Spanish Left Wing Party), Evaluation Engineering, Evil Empire (gaming), Evropaiki Enosi (Greek: European Union), Excess Emission(s), Execution Environment, Executive Editor, Exercise Experience, Exotic Ethnic (gaming), Experts Exchange, Exponent, Exponential Elevation, Expressed Emotion (psychiatric term used in schizophrenia settings), Expression Engine (Pmachine.com), Extended Edition (DVD movie version), Extended Employment program, Extended Essay (International Baccalaureate), Extreme Edition (Intel Pentium 4), Exudative Epidermitis (Porcine Circovirus 2), emergency establishment (US DoD), раннеанглийский язык9) Вычислительная техника: Extended Edition, Emotion Engine (Sony, Playstation)10) Экология: ecological efficiency11) Деловая лексика: Economic Empowerment12) Образование: English Essay13) Сетевые технологии: Enterprise Edition14) ЕБРР: energy efficiency15) Полимеры: external environments16) Программирование: Enter Exponent17) Химическое оружие: emergency exit, engineering evaluation18) Расширение файла: Extended Edition (IBM)19) SAP.тех. работник20) Электротехника: electrical equipment21) НАСА: Exploration Era22) Программное обеспечение: Easy Editor, Expected Error23) Единицы измерений: English Equivalent24) AMEX. El Paso Electric Company25) Международная торговля: Export Enforcement -
99 ELF
1) Компьютерная техника: Extension Language Facility, event logging facility2) Геология: E L F3) Медицина: epithelial lining fluid4) Военный термин: electronic location finder, expeditionary logistics facility, explosion-actuated light filter5) Техника: element load factor, extremely low-frequency6) Шутливое выражение: Electronic Life Form, Elf Liberation Front, Eliminate Landmines Forever7) Грубое выражение: Eternal Losers Forever8) Сокращение: Engineered Life Form, Eritrean Liberation Front (Ethiopia), Extremely Low Frequency (3 Hz - 3 kHz), Extremely Low Frequency9) Университет: Earth Liberation Front10) Фото: Electroluminescent Ferroelectric11) Вычислительная техника: Executable and Link Format, Executable and Linkable Format, формат выполняемого и компонуемого модуля, Executable and Linkable Format (Unix, OS/2)12) Иммунология: Enzyme Linked Fluorescence13) Связь: СНЧ, СНЧ; сверхнизкие частоты (сверхнизкие частоты = extremely low frequency), сверхнизкие частоты15) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Extended Leadership Forum16) Образование: Early Literacy Fundamentals17) Макаров: electron localization function, extremely low frequencies18) Расширение файла: Executable Linking Format, Executable and Linking Format19) NYSE. Elf Aquitaine20) Программное обеспечение: English Language Frontend -
100 Ee
1) Компьютерная техника: Expensive Edition2) Военный термин: educational establishment, electromagnetic environment, electronic engineering, electronic environment, electronic equipment, elements of expense, emergency equipment, emergency establishment, engagement effectiveness, expiration of enlistment, external environment3) Техника: electrically erased, electromagnetic evaluation, electronic editing, electronics engineering division, electronics-to-electronics, energy exchanger, exoelectron emission4) Математика: Explicit Equality5) Религия: Evangelism Explosion6) Железнодорожный термин: Ellis and Eastern Company7) Грубое выражение: Exciting Ejaculations8) Сокращение: EW Expendable, Early English, Electrical Engineer, Electrical Engineering, Electrical or Electronics Engineer, Electronics Engineer, Envoy Extraordinary, earth entry, employee, end to end, experimental establishment, errors excepted, exclusive economic zone, Early Edition, Early Entry, Earth Electrode, Eased Edges (lumber industry), Easter Egg (hidden area of a program or site), Eastern European, Ecosystem Evaluation, Edge Enhancement (video), Edward Elric (protagonist of anime series FullMetal Alchemist), Electrical Energy, Electrical Essence (forum), Electronic Encyclopedia, Electronic Engineer, Element Energy, Elementary Education, Elite Edition, Empire Earth (game), End-Effector, Energy Expenditure, Energy and Environment, Engraver's Express, Inc, Enter Exponent (calculator function), Enterprise Edition (Java2), Environmental Education, Environmental Engineering, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Epreuve d'essai (French: proof print), Equal Exchange, Equipment Engineering, Ersatz Elevator (Lemony Snicket), Escape and Evasion, Estonia, Estoy Escuchando (Spanish: now playing), Et Cetera, Et Cetera, Eternal Echo (band), Eternal Energy, Eternity Engine (gaming), Ether Extract, Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy, Euskadiko Ezquerra (Basque Division of the Spanish Left Wing Party), Evaluation Engineering, Evil Empire (gaming), Evropaiki Enosi (Greek: European Union), Excess Emission(s), Execution Environment, Executive Editor, Exercise Experience, Exotic Ethnic (gaming), Experts Exchange, Exponent, Exponential Elevation, Expressed Emotion (psychiatric term used in schizophrenia settings), Expression Engine (Pmachine.com), Extended Edition (DVD movie version), Extended Employment program, Extended Essay (International Baccalaureate), Extreme Edition (Intel Pentium 4), Exudative Epidermitis (Porcine Circovirus 2), emergency establishment (US DoD), раннеанглийский язык9) Вычислительная техника: Extended Edition, Emotion Engine (Sony, Playstation)10) Экология: ecological efficiency11) Деловая лексика: Economic Empowerment12) Образование: English Essay13) Сетевые технологии: Enterprise Edition14) ЕБРР: energy efficiency15) Полимеры: external environments16) Программирование: Enter Exponent17) Химическое оружие: emergency exit, engineering evaluation18) Расширение файла: Extended Edition (IBM)19) SAP.тех. работник20) Электротехника: electrical equipment21) НАСА: Exploration Era22) Программное обеспечение: Easy Editor, Expected Error23) Единицы измерений: English Equivalent24) AMEX. El Paso Electric Company25) Международная торговля: Export Enforcement
См. также в других словарях:
function — [fuŋk′shən] n. [OFr < L functio < pp. of fungi, to perform < IE base * bheug , to enjoy > Sans bhuṅktē, (he) enjoys] 1. the normal or characteristic action of anything; esp., any of the natural, specialized actions of a system, organ … English World dictionary
Function Analysis System Technic — Function Analysis System Technique Pour une définition du mot « fast », voir l’article fast du Wiktionnaire. Un diagramme FAST (Functional Analysis System Technic) présente une traduction rigoureuse de chacune des fonctions de service… … Wikipédia en Français
Function (mathematics) — f(x) redirects here. For the band, see f(x) (band). Graph of example function, In mathematics, a function associates one quantity, the a … Wikipedia
function — /fungk sheuhn/, n. 1. the kind of action or activity proper to a person, thing, or institution; the purpose for which something is designed or exists; role. 2. any ceremonious public or social gathering or occasion. 3. a factor related to or… … Universalium
Element (mathematics) — In mathematics, an element or member of a set is any one of the distinct objects that make up that set. Contents 1 Sets 2 Notation and terminology 3 Cardinality of sets 4 Exampl … Wikipedia
function — I. noun Etymology: Latin function , functio performance, from fungi to perform; probably akin to Sanskrit bhuṅkte he enjoys Date: 1533 1. professional or official position ; occupation 2. the action for which a person or thing is specially fitted … New Collegiate Dictionary
Function Point Analyse — Die Artikel Function Point Verfahren und Function Point Analyse überschneiden sich thematisch. Hilf mit, die Artikel besser voneinander abzugrenzen oder zu vereinigen. Beteilige dich dazu an der Diskussion über diese Überschneidungen. Bitte… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Element XML — Extensible Markup Language Extensible Markup Language Extension de fichier .xml Type MIME application/xml, text/xml Développé par World Wide Web Consortium Type de format … Wikipédia en Français
Élément XML — Extensible Markup Language Extensible Markup Language Extension de fichier .xml Type MIME application/xml, text/xml Développé par World Wide Web Consortium Type de format … Wikipédia en Français
Function field of an algebraic variety — In algebraic geometry, the function field of an algebraic variety V consists of objects which are interpreted as rational functions on V . In complex algebraic geometry these are meromorphic functions and their higher dimensional analogues; in… … Wikipedia
function — func•tion [[t]ˈfʌŋk ʃən[/t]] n. 1) the kind of action or activity proper to a person, thing, or institution; the purpose for which something is designed or exists; role 2) any ceremonious public or social gathering or occasion 3) a factor related … From formal English to slang