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exposuī

1 exposui

exposuī pf. к expono

Латинско-русский словарь > exposui
2 expono

, exposui, expositum

to set forth, explain, expose.

Latin-English dictionary of medieval > expono
3 expono

, exposui, expositim, exponere 3

выкладывать, выставлять; выбрасывать

Dictionary Latin-Russian new > expono
4 ex-pōnō

ex-pōnō posuī, positus (expostus, V.), ere, to put out, set forth, expose, exhibit: vasa: argentum in aedibus: ratis Expositis stabat scalis, laid out, V.: alqd venditioni, Ta.—Of children, to expose, abandon: Is quicum expositast gnata, T.: pueros, L.—To set on shore, land, disembark: milites ex navibus, Cs.: socios de puppibus altis Pontibus, by bridges, V.: expositis copiis, Cs.: in Africā, L.: ibi Themistoclem, N.: exercitum, Cs.: quartā exponimur horā, H.: advexi frumentum, exposui, unloaded: exponimur orbe Terrarum, are excluded, O.—To offer, tender, be ready to pay: ei DCCC.— To leave exposed, expose, lay open: ad ictūs, L.: rupes exposta ponto, V.—Fig., to exhibit, expose, reveal, publish, offer, set forth: causa ante oculos exposita: expositā ad exemplum nostrā re p.—To set forth, exhibit, relate, explain, expound: sicuti exposui: quae adhuc exposui: rem breviter: Africae situm paucis, S.: causas odii, O.: artīs rhetoricas: eadem multitudini, Cs.: animos remanere post mortem: res quem ad modum gesta sit: quid hominis sit: plura de alquo, N.: exposito, quid iniquitas loci posset, etc., Cs.

Latin-English dictionary > ex-pōnō
5 expono

ex-pōno, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3 (ante-class. perf. exposivit, Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 27;
sync. expostus,
Verg. A. 10, 694; Stat. Th. 7, 197), v. a., to put or set out, to set forth, expose (class.; most freq. in the trop. signif.; cf.: expedio, explano, explico).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
stravit pelliculis haedinis lectulos et exposuit vasa Samia,
set out, Cic. Mur. 36, 75:
vasa,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 35:
apparatum in porticibus,
Suet. Caes. 10; cf.:
aliquid in publico,
Plin. 35, 7, 33, § 52; cf. id. 15, 5, 6, § 21:
herbam in sole,
Col. 12, 28, 1:
aliquem ictu,
to put out, turn out, Plaut. Truc. 3, 1, 14:
cubito,
id. Cas. 4, 4, 27.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Of children, to expose:
puellam ad necem,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 18; id. Cas. prol. 41; Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 37; Cic. Rep. 2, 2; Liv. 1, 4, 5; cf. id. 1, 6, 3:
ad januam matris,
Suet. Claud. 27 al. —
2.
Naut. t. t.
a.
To set on shore, to land, disembark:
milites ex navibus,
Caes. B. G. 4, 37, 1;
for which: socios de puppibus,
Verg. A. 10, 288:
milites in terram,
Caes. B. C. 3, 23, 2:
expositis omnibus copiis,
id. ib. 3, 29, 2; 1, 31 fin.; Liv. 24, 40, 9:
ibi in terram,
id. 34, 8, 7; Front. Strat. 2, 5, 44; cf.:
in litora,
Liv. 37, 28, 8:
aegra mancipia in insulam,
Suet. Claud. 25; but also with abl.:
in Africa,
Liv. 28, 44, 10 Drak. N. cr.:
in terra,
Vell. 2, 79, 4:
in litore,
Suet. Caes. 4; Just. 22, 5; Liv. 2, 22, 3; 26, 17, 2; Sen. Ep. 53, 2:
in portu,
Just. 18, 1, 3:
ibi Themistoclem,
Nep. Them. 8, 7:
ad eum locum milites,
Caes. B. C. 3, 6, 3:
quibus regionibus exercitum exposuisset,
id. ib. 3, 29 fin.:
expositum peregrinis arenis os,
Ov. M. 11, 56:
quartā vix demum exponimur horā,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 23: advexi frumentum;
exposui, vendo meum, etc.,
have unloaded, unpacked, opened, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:
merces,
Dig. 14, 2, 10.—
b.
To throw on the ground, throw down:
paene exposivit cubito,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 34.—
c.
To throw overboard:
si propter necessitatem adversae tempestatis expositum onus fuerit,
Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 8.—
3.
Mercant. t. t.: pecuniam, to offer a sum to one, place at one's disposal, to be ready to pay:
de Oppio bene curasti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,
Cic. Att. 5, 4, 3 (for which, aperuisti, id. ib. 5, 1, 2).—
4.
Pregn., to leave exposed or unprotected, to expose, lay open (not ante-Aug.):
ad ictus,
Liv. 9, 35, 6; Curt. 8, 14, 31:
ille ad omnes ictus expositus,
id. 9, 5, 9:
ne inermes provinciae barbaris nationibus exponerentur,
Tac. H. 3, 5:
exercitum hosti,
Flor. 3, 11; Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 67:
ceteris animalibus imbecillitatem hominum,
Lact. 3, 23, 10; id. Epit. 9, 1; Val. Max. 7, 1, ext. 2:
piscibus beluisque,
Petr. 115:
exposito solibus loco,
Plin. 15, 5, 6, § 21.— Pass. absol.: (iracundi) simplices videntur, quia expositi sunt, Sen. de Ira, 2, 16, 3.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen.:
totam causam, judices, explicemus atque ante oculos expositam consideremus,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 12, 34; cf.:
vitam alterius in oculis conspectuque omnium exponere,
id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27:
disciplina puerilis publice exposita,
id. Rep. 4, 3:
orationem,
to publish, id. de Or. 1, 53, 227; cf.:
capita exposita nec explicata,
id. Brut. 44, 164:
erant huic studio maxima exposita praemia,
id. de Or. 1, 4, 15:
praemium,
to set forth, propose, id. Quint. 23, 74: vitam suam exponere ad imitandum juventuti, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 104, 3:
factum expositum ad imitandum,
id. Phil. 2, 44, 114:
exposita ad exemplum nostra re publica,
id. Rep. 1, 46:
opprobrio ad omnium convicia exposito,
Suet. Caes. 49:
expositum ad invidiam nomen,
Tac. H. 2, 53:
nomen Dei,
to prostitute, dishonor, Lact. 1, 7.—
B.
In partic., of speech, to set forth, exhibit, relate, explain, expound; constr. with acc. and inf., or a rel. clause as object, or with de:
coepit rationem hujus operis scientissime Gallus exponere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 14:
talis coetus, qualem exposui,
id. ib. 1, 26:
quae adhuc exposui,
id. ib. 2, 23:
obscura dilucide,
id. Fin. 4, 1, 1:
rem pluribus verbis,
id. ib. 3, 4, 15:
rem breviter,
id. Cat. 3, 1, 3:
mandata in senatu,
id. de Or. 2, 12, 49:
narrationem,
id. Or. 62, 210:
sententias ejus disputationis hoc libro,
id. Lael. 1, 3:
artes rhetoricas,
id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:
disputationem alicui,
id. Rep. 1, 8:
sermonem de amicitia alicui,
id. Lael. 1, 3:
eadem multitudini,
Caes. B. G. 7, 38, 4:
expone igitur primum animos remanere post mortem, tum docebis, etc.,
explain, Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:
apud eosdem (censores), qui magistratu abierint, edant et exponant, quid in magistratu gesserint,
id. Leg. 3, 20, 47:
ex memoria alicui quid senatus censuerit,
id. Cat. 3, 6, 13:
ab initio, res quemadmodum gesta sit,
id. Rosc. Am. 5, 14; id. Rep. 1, 26; cf.:
hoc de quo modo exposuit Antonius,
id. de Or. 1, 22, 102; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:
expone nunc de reprehendendo,
id. Part. Or. 12, 44.—In abl. neutr. absol.:
Caesar contione advocata... exposito, quid iniquitas loci posset, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 52, 2 Oud.; so,
exposito quod nuntiatum erat,
Curt. 4, 13:
quasi gesta bello expositurus,
Tac. A. 15, 72: summum bonum exposuit vacuitatem doloris, i. q. definivit, be defined, Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 14 Madv.; cf. ib. 5, 8, 22; and, expositio, ib. § 21.—Hence, expŏsĭtus, a, um, P. a., qs. publicly set out; hence, open, free, accessible.
A.
Lit.:
limen,
Stat. S. 1, 2, 24:
census,
open to all, id. ib. 2, 2, 152:
numen (with nulli negatum),
Luc. 5, 103; cf.:
(homo) obvius et expositus,
Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2.—As subst.: ex-pŏsĭta, ōrum, n., the open parts, those exposed to view:
frontem ejus tantum novi et exposita, quae ostendit etiam transeuntibus,
Sen. Ep. 55, 6.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Accessible, affable:
mores,
Stat. S. 5, 3, 246.—
2.
Of authors, intelligible, lucid:
optimos quidem, sed tamen eorum candidissimum quemque et maxime expositum velim,
Quint. 2, 5, 19.—
3.
In a bad sense, common, vulgar:
qui nihil expositum soleat deducere, etc.,
Juv. 7, 54.— Adv.: expŏ-sĭte, plainly, clearly:
non exposite et aperte ostendere, sed reconditā significatione,
Gell. 3, 2, 14.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > expono
6 exposita

ex-pōno, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3 (ante-class. perf. exposivit, Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 27;
sync. expostus,
Verg. A. 10, 694; Stat. Th. 7, 197), v. a., to put or set out, to set forth, expose (class.; most freq. in the trop. signif.; cf.: expedio, explano, explico).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
stravit pelliculis haedinis lectulos et exposuit vasa Samia,
set out, Cic. Mur. 36, 75:
vasa,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 35:
apparatum in porticibus,
Suet. Caes. 10; cf.:
aliquid in publico,
Plin. 35, 7, 33, § 52; cf. id. 15, 5, 6, § 21:
herbam in sole,
Col. 12, 28, 1:
aliquem ictu,
to put out, turn out, Plaut. Truc. 3, 1, 14:
cubito,
id. Cas. 4, 4, 27.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Of children, to expose:
puellam ad necem,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 18; id. Cas. prol. 41; Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 37; Cic. Rep. 2, 2; Liv. 1, 4, 5; cf. id. 1, 6, 3:
ad januam matris,
Suet. Claud. 27 al. —
2.
Naut. t. t.
a.
To set on shore, to land, disembark:
milites ex navibus,
Caes. B. G. 4, 37, 1;
for which: socios de puppibus,
Verg. A. 10, 288:
milites in terram,
Caes. B. C. 3, 23, 2:
expositis omnibus copiis,
id. ib. 3, 29, 2; 1, 31 fin.; Liv. 24, 40, 9:
ibi in terram,
id. 34, 8, 7; Front. Strat. 2, 5, 44; cf.:
in litora,
Liv. 37, 28, 8:
aegra mancipia in insulam,
Suet. Claud. 25; but also with abl.:
in Africa,
Liv. 28, 44, 10 Drak. N. cr.:
in terra,
Vell. 2, 79, 4:
in litore,
Suet. Caes. 4; Just. 22, 5; Liv. 2, 22, 3; 26, 17, 2; Sen. Ep. 53, 2:
in portu,
Just. 18, 1, 3:
ibi Themistoclem,
Nep. Them. 8, 7:
ad eum locum milites,
Caes. B. C. 3, 6, 3:
quibus regionibus exercitum exposuisset,
id. ib. 3, 29 fin.:
expositum peregrinis arenis os,
Ov. M. 11, 56:
quartā vix demum exponimur horā,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 23: advexi frumentum;
exposui, vendo meum, etc.,
have unloaded, unpacked, opened, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:
merces,
Dig. 14, 2, 10.—
b.
To throw on the ground, throw down:
paene exposivit cubito,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 34.—
c.
To throw overboard:
si propter necessitatem adversae tempestatis expositum onus fuerit,
Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 8.—
3.
Mercant. t. t.: pecuniam, to offer a sum to one, place at one's disposal, to be ready to pay:
de Oppio bene curasti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,
Cic. Att. 5, 4, 3 (for which, aperuisti, id. ib. 5, 1, 2).—
4.
Pregn., to leave exposed or unprotected, to expose, lay open (not ante-Aug.):
ad ictus,
Liv. 9, 35, 6; Curt. 8, 14, 31:
ille ad omnes ictus expositus,
id. 9, 5, 9:
ne inermes provinciae barbaris nationibus exponerentur,
Tac. H. 3, 5:
exercitum hosti,
Flor. 3, 11; Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 67:
ceteris animalibus imbecillitatem hominum,
Lact. 3, 23, 10; id. Epit. 9, 1; Val. Max. 7, 1, ext. 2:
piscibus beluisque,
Petr. 115:
exposito solibus loco,
Plin. 15, 5, 6, § 21.— Pass. absol.: (iracundi) simplices videntur, quia expositi sunt, Sen. de Ira, 2, 16, 3.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen.:
totam causam, judices, explicemus atque ante oculos expositam consideremus,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 12, 34; cf.:
vitam alterius in oculis conspectuque omnium exponere,
id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27:
disciplina puerilis publice exposita,
id. Rep. 4, 3:
orationem,
to publish, id. de Or. 1, 53, 227; cf.:
capita exposita nec explicata,
id. Brut. 44, 164:
erant huic studio maxima exposita praemia,
id. de Or. 1, 4, 15:
praemium,
to set forth, propose, id. Quint. 23, 74: vitam suam exponere ad imitandum juventuti, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 104, 3:
factum expositum ad imitandum,
id. Phil. 2, 44, 114:
exposita ad exemplum nostra re publica,
id. Rep. 1, 46:
opprobrio ad omnium convicia exposito,
Suet. Caes. 49:
expositum ad invidiam nomen,
Tac. H. 2, 53:
nomen Dei,
to prostitute, dishonor, Lact. 1, 7.—
B.
In partic., of speech, to set forth, exhibit, relate, explain, expound; constr. with acc. and inf., or a rel. clause as object, or with de:
coepit rationem hujus operis scientissime Gallus exponere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 14:
talis coetus, qualem exposui,
id. ib. 1, 26:
quae adhuc exposui,
id. ib. 2, 23:
obscura dilucide,
id. Fin. 4, 1, 1:
rem pluribus verbis,
id. ib. 3, 4, 15:
rem breviter,
id. Cat. 3, 1, 3:
mandata in senatu,
id. de Or. 2, 12, 49:
narrationem,
id. Or. 62, 210:
sententias ejus disputationis hoc libro,
id. Lael. 1, 3:
artes rhetoricas,
id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:
disputationem alicui,
id. Rep. 1, 8:
sermonem de amicitia alicui,
id. Lael. 1, 3:
eadem multitudini,
Caes. B. G. 7, 38, 4:
expone igitur primum animos remanere post mortem, tum docebis, etc.,
explain, Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:
apud eosdem (censores), qui magistratu abierint, edant et exponant, quid in magistratu gesserint,
id. Leg. 3, 20, 47:
ex memoria alicui quid senatus censuerit,
id. Cat. 3, 6, 13:
ab initio, res quemadmodum gesta sit,
id. Rosc. Am. 5, 14; id. Rep. 1, 26; cf.:
hoc de quo modo exposuit Antonius,
id. de Or. 1, 22, 102; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:
expone nunc de reprehendendo,
id. Part. Or. 12, 44.—In abl. neutr. absol.:
Caesar contione advocata... exposito, quid iniquitas loci posset, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 52, 2 Oud.; so,
exposito quod nuntiatum erat,
Curt. 4, 13:
quasi gesta bello expositurus,
Tac. A. 15, 72: summum bonum exposuit vacuitatem doloris, i. q. definivit, be defined, Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 14 Madv.; cf. ib. 5, 8, 22; and, expositio, ib. § 21.—Hence, expŏsĭtus, a, um, P. a., qs. publicly set out; hence, open, free, accessible.
A.
Lit.:
limen,
Stat. S. 1, 2, 24:
census,
open to all, id. ib. 2, 2, 152:
numen (with nulli negatum),
Luc. 5, 103; cf.:
(homo) obvius et expositus,
Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2.—As subst.: ex-pŏsĭta, ōrum, n., the open parts, those exposed to view:
frontem ejus tantum novi et exposita, quae ostendit etiam transeuntibus,
Sen. Ep. 55, 6.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Accessible, affable:
mores,
Stat. S. 5, 3, 246.—
2.
Of authors, intelligible, lucid:
optimos quidem, sed tamen eorum candidissimum quemque et maxime expositum velim,
Quint. 2, 5, 19.—
3.
In a bad sense, common, vulgar:
qui nihil expositum soleat deducere, etc.,
Juv. 7, 54.— Adv.: expŏ-sĭte, plainly, clearly:
non exposite et aperte ostendere, sed reconditā significatione,
Gell. 3, 2, 14.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exposita
7 expono

ex-pōno, posuī, positum, ere, heraus-, offen hinsetzen, aufstellen, I) eig.: A) im allg.: scalas, hinsetzen, anlegen, Verg. Aen. 10, 654: fenum Graecum in sole aut in furno, ut siccescat, Col. 12, 28, 1: eam (partem foliorum inferiorem) supra fieri et exponi ad oculos et ad solem, Gell. 9, 7, 1: im Bilde, vitam in oculis atque in conspectu omnium, Cic. div. in Caec. 27: totam causam explicemus atque ante oculos expositam consideremus, Cic. Rosc. Am. 34. – dah. expositus, v. Örtl., frei daliegend, hinliegend, sich erstreckend, expositae prope in ipsis litoribus urbes, Liv.: Numidia ad ripas exposita fluminis Ampsaci, Mela: rupes exposta (= exposita) ponto, Verg. – B) insbes.: 1) an das Land setzen, a) an das Land werfen, -spülen, os (Orphei) peregrinis arenis, Ov. met. 11, 56: contortas fundo rates Tauromenitanis litoribus (v. der Charybdis), Pacat. pan. 26, 4. – b) als naut. t. t., α) an das Land setzen, landen, ausladen, ausschiffen, lebl. Ggstde., advexi, exposui, Cic.: exp. frnmentum, Cic.: merces suas, ICt.: tegulas de navibus, Liv. – Pers. (bes. Truppen), copias, milites, exercitum, Caes.: ibi Themistoclem, Nep.: milites (ex) navibus, Caes.: filium in terram, Caes.: milites od. exercitum in terram, Caes. u. Liv.: legiones in terram, Vell.: alqm in litus, Liv., in litore, Suet.: alqm in portu Tarentino, Iustin.: exercitum in Africa, Liv.: milites ad eum locum, qui appellabatur Palaeste, Caes. – dah. scherzh., ego istos amasios hoc ictu exponam (an die Luft setzen) atque omnes eiciam foras, Plaut. truc. 658: paene exposivit cubito, hat mich fast auf den Sand gesetzt, Plaut. Cas. 853. – β) über Bord werfen, onus, Marcian. dig. 39, 4, 16. § 8. – 2) öffentlich aufstellen, alqd venditioni, Tac.: bes. zur Schau, vasa Samia, Cic.: u. magnum argenti pondus (eine Masse von Silbergeschirr), Caes.: alqm populo videndum, Ov.: copias in omnibus collibus, gleichs. ausstellen, offen aufstellen, Caes. – 3) ein Kind an einem Orte aussetzen, puellam, Komik.: puerum, Iustin.: pueros, Lact.: filios, Tert.: puellam ad necem, Plaut.: in proxima alluvie pueros, Liv.: infantem ad ianuam matris, Suet.: ingenuus in Gallia natus, sed expositus, Suet.: subst., expositum agnoscere, recipere, Quint.: lex de expositis, Quint. – 4) eine Pflanze usw. ins Land setzen, mense Februario seu planta seu semen exponitur, Pallad. 3, 25, 31. – II) übtr.: 1) aufstellen, vor Augen legen, a) im allg.: praemia alci, Cic.: vitam suam ad imitandum, Cic.: factum (zur Nachahmung), Cic. – b) aussetzen = zur Verfügung stellen, alci DCCC, Cic.: per urbes benigne commeatus, Liv.: colores alci ad variandum, Cic. – c) als jurist. t. t., schriftl. ausstellen, epistulam (einen Schein) in eos exposuit, ICt.: exp. cautionem in alqm, ICt. – 2) mündlich od. schriftlich darlegen, a) aus einandersetzen, darstellen, zeigen, schildern, beschreiben, abhandeln, vitam alcis totam, Cic.: mores Graiorum, Nep.: alqm versibus, Nep.: breviter consulatum alcis, Cic.: Africae situm paucis, Sall.: mandata in senatu, Cic.: plura de alqo, Nep.: bl. de vita imperatorum, Nep.: m. folg. indir. Fragesatz (m. qui, quid, quemadmodum u. dgl.), Lucr., Cic. u.a.: m. folg. Acc. u. Infin. (= zeigen, dartun), Lucr. 1, 121. Cic. Tusc. 1, 26. – b) den Inhalt von etwas in Worte kleiden, aufsetzen, aufstellen, condiciones pacis, Iustin.: orationem obliquam, Iustin. – 3) aussetzen = preisgeben, bloßstellen, gew. exponi od. expositum esse u. Partiz. expositus, a) der Lage, Stellung nach, ager expositus ventis, Plin.: locus expositus solibus, Plin.: mare procellis undique expositum, Mela: mare in omnes tempestates expositum, Sen.: mare nimiā propinquitate ad pericula classium externarum expositum, Liv.: expositi adversus Italiam, Liv.: ut (exercitus) undique hosti exponeretur, Flor.: expositus ad ictus, Liv. u. Curt.: ad omnes ictus, Curt.: contra magnas copias se expositum videre, Auct. b. Afr. – b) den Verhältnissen nach, ne inermes provinciae barbaris nationibus exponerentur, Tac.: expositum ad invidiam Marcelli nomen, Tac.: ut minus ad iniurias fortunae simus expositi, Sen.: libertas exposita ad iniurias Masinissae, Liv.: ira magis exposita contemptui est, Sen. – absol. (iracundi) simplices videntur, quia expositi sunt, weil sie (der Tücke) preisgegeben sind, Sen. de ira 2, 16, 3: u. so bei Spät. oft = dem Hohne preisgeben, nomen dei, Lact.: vitia patriarcharum, Ambros.; vgl. Bünem. Lact. 1, 7. § 7. – 4) ablegen (s. Bünem. Lact. 3, 26, 13 u. 7, 5, 22. Rönsch Itala p. 364), nomen virginitatis, Arnob.: infantiam, Lact.: veterem hominem, Tert.: curas, Arnob. – / Archaist. Perf. exposivit, Plaut. Cas. 853. – Synkop. Partiz. Perf. expostus, Cato r. r. 151, 2. Verg. Aen. 10, 694. Stat. Theb. 5, 551 u. 7, 197.

lateinisch-deutsches > expono

8 arbitratus

[st1]1 [-] arbĭtrātus, a, um: part. passé de arbitror; qui a pensé. [st1]2 [-] arbĭtrātŭs, ūs, m.: - [abcl][b]a - arbitrage, sentence. - [abcl]b - volonté, bon plaisir, discrétion, choix, décision. - [abcl]c - autorité, surveillance, direction.[/b]    - arbitratu alicujus: selon le bon vouloir de qqn.    - meo arbitratu: à mon gré.    - arbitratu tuo, Cic.: comme il te plaira.    - in arbitratum victori se dedere, Plaut.: se rendre à la merci du vainqueur.
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[st1]1 [-] arbĭtrātus, a, um: part. passé de arbitror; qui a pensé. [st1]2 [-] arbĭtrātŭs, ūs, m.: - [abcl][b]a - arbitrage, sentence. - [abcl]b - volonté, bon plaisir, discrétion, choix, décision. - [abcl]c - autorité, surveillance, direction.[/b]    - arbitratu alicujus: selon le bon vouloir de qqn.    - meo arbitratu: à mon gré.    - arbitratu tuo, Cic.: comme il te plaira.    - in arbitratum victori se dedere, Plaut.: se rendre à la merci du vainqueur.
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    Arbitratus, huius arbitratus, pen. prod. Arbitrage, Advis.

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    Arbitratu tuo iusiurandum dabo. Plaut. Ainsi que bon te semblera.

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    Exposui meo arbitratu. Cic. A ma fantasie.

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    Suo arbitratu vendere. Cic. A son appetit.

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    Dedunt se cuncti in arbitratum Thebano populo. Plaut. A faire ce que bon leur semblera d'eulx, Ils se rendent et mettent à leur misericorde.

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    Cuius arbitratu rem nos facere vis? Plaut. A qui te rapporte tu de cest affaire?

Dictionarium latinogallicum > arbitratus

9 expono

expōno, ĕre, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum - tr. -    - parf. arch. exposivit, Plaut. Cas. 853; part. sync. expostus, Cato. Agr. 151, 2 ; Virg. En. 10, 694. [st1]1 [-] mettre hors, mettre en vue, étaler, exposer, présenter, proposer.    - argentum exponere, Cic. Verr. 4, 62: exposer de l'argenterie.    - cf. Verr. 4, 35 ; Mur. 75.    - exponere herbam in sole, Col. 12, 28, 1: étaler de l'herbe au soleil.    - factum expositum ad imitandum, Cic. Phil. 2, 114: acte proposé à l'imitation.    - expositā ad exemplum nostrā re publicā, Cic.Rep. 1, 46: en offrant notre pays pour modèle.    - exponere alicujus vitam in oculis conspectuque omnium, Cic. Caecil. 27: exposer la vie de qqn aux yeux, aux regards de tous.    - puerum exponere, Liv. 1, 4, 5: exposer un enfant.    - ad Tiberim exponi, Cic. Rep. 2, 4: être exposé sur les bords du Tibre. [st1]2 [-] déposer (sur le rivage), débarquer.    - exercitum exponere, Caes. BG. 5, 9, 1: débarquer une armée.    - ex navibus (navibus) milites exponere, Caes. BG. 4, 37, 1; 5, 23, 4; BC. 3, 111.: débarquer des soldats.    - exponere milites in terram, Caes. BC. 3, 23, 2: débarquer des soldats sur le rivage.    - in litore expositus, Suet. Caes. 4: débarqué sur le rivage.    - cf. Liv. 26, 17, 2 ; 28, 44, 10; Nep. Them. 8, 7 (avec ad Caes. BC. 3, 6, 3 ; avec abl. seul Caes. BC. 3, 29, 3).    - quartā vix demum exponimur horā, Hor. S. 1, 5, 23: nous ne débarquons qu'à la quatrième heure à peine. [st1]3 [-] étendre à terre, jeter par terre.    - paene exposivit cubito, Plaut. Cas. 853: elle a failli me mettre par terre d'un coup de coude.    - si propter necessitatem adversae tempestatis expositum onus fuerit, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 8: si, contraint par une malencontreuse tempête, on a jeté la cargaison par-dessus bord... [st1]4 [-] tenir une somme à la disposition de qqn.    - exponere alicui de DCCC, Cic. Att. 5, 4, 3: être à la disposition de qqn (se découvrir pour qqn) pour huit cent mille sesterces. [st1]5 [-] exposer à, livrer à la merci de.    - ad ictus expositus, Liv. 9, 35, 6: exposé aux coups.    - ne inermes provinciae barbaris nationibus exponerentur, Tac. H. 3. 5: pour ne pas laisser les provinces exposées sans défense à la merci des barbares.    - exponere nomen Dei, Lact. 1, 7: déshonorer le nom de Dieu.    - exponere exercitum hosti, Flor. 3, 11: livrer l'armée à l'ennemi.    - piscibus beluisque,” Petr. 115:. [st1]6 [-] exposer par écrit, par la parole, expliquer.    - exponere rem breviter, Cic. Cat. 3, 3: exposer un fait brièvement.    - exponere res quemadmodum gesta sit, Cic. Amer. 14: exposer comment une affaire a été menée.    - exposuit quid iniquitas loci posset, Caes. BG. 7: il leur expliqua de quelle importance était le désavantage de la position.    - vobis exponam, quid de quaque re sentiam, Cic. de Or. 1, 227: je vais vous dire ce que je pense sur chaque question.    - absol. exponere de aliqua re, Cic. Rep. 1, 41 ; de Or. 1, 102: faire un exposé sur une chose, traiter une question.    - exponere + prop. inf.: exposer que.    - cf. Cic. Div. 199; Tusc. 1, 26. [st1]7 [-] reproduire, rapporter (un discours, une conversation, etc.)    - in illo sermone qui est expositus in Bruto, Cic. Or. 23: dans cet entretien qui est rapporté dans le Brutus.    - capita exposita nec explicata, Cic. Br. 164: chapitres reproduits sans développement.
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expōno, ĕre, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum - tr. -    - parf. arch. exposivit, Plaut. Cas. 853; part. sync. expostus, Cato. Agr. 151, 2 ; Virg. En. 10, 694. [st1]1 [-] mettre hors, mettre en vue, étaler, exposer, présenter, proposer.    - argentum exponere, Cic. Verr. 4, 62: exposer de l'argenterie.    - cf. Verr. 4, 35 ; Mur. 75.    - exponere herbam in sole, Col. 12, 28, 1: étaler de l'herbe au soleil.    - factum expositum ad imitandum, Cic. Phil. 2, 114: acte proposé à l'imitation.    - expositā ad exemplum nostrā re publicā, Cic.Rep. 1, 46: en offrant notre pays pour modèle.    - exponere alicujus vitam in oculis conspectuque omnium, Cic. Caecil. 27: exposer la vie de qqn aux yeux, aux regards de tous.    - puerum exponere, Liv. 1, 4, 5: exposer un enfant.    - ad Tiberim exponi, Cic. Rep. 2, 4: être exposé sur les bords du Tibre. [st1]2 [-] déposer (sur le rivage), débarquer.    - exercitum exponere, Caes. BG. 5, 9, 1: débarquer une armée.    - ex navibus (navibus) milites exponere, Caes. BG. 4, 37, 1; 5, 23, 4; BC. 3, 111.: débarquer des soldats.    - exponere milites in terram, Caes. BC. 3, 23, 2: débarquer des soldats sur le rivage.    - in litore expositus, Suet. Caes. 4: débarqué sur le rivage.    - cf. Liv. 26, 17, 2 ; 28, 44, 10; Nep. Them. 8, 7 (avec ad Caes. BC. 3, 6, 3 ; avec abl. seul Caes. BC. 3, 29, 3).    - quartā vix demum exponimur horā, Hor. S. 1, 5, 23: nous ne débarquons qu'à la quatrième heure à peine. [st1]3 [-] étendre à terre, jeter par terre.    - paene exposivit cubito, Plaut. Cas. 853: elle a failli me mettre par terre d'un coup de coude.    - si propter necessitatem adversae tempestatis expositum onus fuerit, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 8: si, contraint par une malencontreuse tempête, on a jeté la cargaison par-dessus bord... [st1]4 [-] tenir une somme à la disposition de qqn.    - exponere alicui de DCCC, Cic. Att. 5, 4, 3: être à la disposition de qqn (se découvrir pour qqn) pour huit cent mille sesterces. [st1]5 [-] exposer à, livrer à la merci de.    - ad ictus expositus, Liv. 9, 35, 6: exposé aux coups.    - ne inermes provinciae barbaris nationibus exponerentur, Tac. H. 3. 5: pour ne pas laisser les provinces exposées sans défense à la merci des barbares.    - exponere nomen Dei, Lact. 1, 7: déshonorer le nom de Dieu.    - exponere exercitum hosti, Flor. 3, 11: livrer l'armée à l'ennemi.    - piscibus beluisque,” Petr. 115:. [st1]6 [-] exposer par écrit, par la parole, expliquer.    - exponere rem breviter, Cic. Cat. 3, 3: exposer un fait brièvement.    - exponere res quemadmodum gesta sit, Cic. Amer. 14: exposer comment une affaire a été menée.    - exposuit quid iniquitas loci posset, Caes. BG. 7: il leur expliqua de quelle importance était le désavantage de la position.    - vobis exponam, quid de quaque re sentiam, Cic. de Or. 1, 227: je vais vous dire ce que je pense sur chaque question.    - absol. exponere de aliqua re, Cic. Rep. 1, 41 ; de Or. 1, 102: faire un exposé sur une chose, traiter une question.    - exponere + prop. inf.: exposer que.    - cf. Cic. Div. 199; Tusc. 1, 26. [st1]7 [-] reproduire, rapporter (un discours, une conversation, etc.)    - in illo sermone qui est expositus in Bruto, Cic. Or. 23: dans cet entretien qui est rapporté dans le Brutus.    - capita exposita nec explicata, Cic. Br. 164: chapitres reproduits sans développement.
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    Expono, exponis, penul. prod. exposui, expositum, penul. corr. exponere. Plaut. Mettre hors.

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    Exponere in terram copias. Liu. Mettre à terre.

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    Exponere exercitum in Africam. Liu. Mettre hors des navires en la terre d'Afrique.

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    Exponere in sole foenum vt siccescat. Columel. Mettre au soleil et estendre.

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    Aduehere frumentum et exponere. Cicero. Mettre en vente, Exposer en vente.

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    Exponere vasa. Cic. Desployer un buffet.

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    Expositum factum ad imitandum. Cicero. Proposé et baillé pour exemple.

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    Exponere. Terent. Mettre à l'adventure.

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    Exposita prouincia ad praedandam. Cicero. Abandonnee en proye.

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    Expositum me dentis arbitrio animal. Colum. Abandonné.

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    Exposita mors victo. Cic. Apprestee, Presentee.

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    Exponere. Cicero. Exposer, Declarer, Dire clerement, Donner à congnoistre et à entendre.

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    Exponam vobis breuiter quid hominis sit. Cic. Je vous declareray en peu de parolles quel homme c'est.

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    Ex memoria aliquid exponere. Cic. Exposer par coeur.

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    Crimina alterius exponere. Cic. Narrer, Reciter.

Dictionarium latinogallicum > expono

10 expono

ex-pōno, posuī, positum, ere, heraus-, offen hinsetzen, aufstellen, I) eig.: A) im allg.: scalas, hinsetzen, anlegen, Verg. Aen. 10, 654: fenum Graecum in sole aut in furno, ut siccescat, Col. 12, 28, 1: eam (partem foliorum inferiorem) supra fieri et exponi ad oculos et ad solem, Gell. 9, 7, 1: im Bilde, vitam in oculis atque in conspectu omnium, Cic. div. in Caec. 27: totam causam explicemus atque ante oculos expositam consideremus, Cic. Rosc. Am. 34. – dah. expositus, v. Örtl., frei daliegend, hinliegend, sich erstreckend, expositae prope in ipsis litoribus urbes, Liv.: Numidia ad ripas exposita fluminis Ampsaci, Mela: rupes exposta (= exposita) ponto, Verg. – B) insbes.: 1) an das Land setzen, a) an das Land werfen, - spülen, os (Orphei) peregrinis arenis, Ov. met. 11, 56: contortas fundo rates Tauromenitanis litoribus (v. der Charybdis), Pacat. pan. 26, 4. – b) als naut. t. t., α) an das Land setzen, landen, ausladen, ausschiffen, lebl. Ggstde., advexi, exposui, Cic.: exp. frnmentum, Cic.: merces suas, ICt.: tegulas de navibus, Liv. – Pers. (bes. Truppen), copias, milites, exercitum, Caes.: ibi Themistoclem, Nep.: milites (ex) navibus, Caes.: filium in terram, Caes.: milites od. exercitum in terram, Caes. u. Liv.: legiones in terram, Vell.: alqm in litus, Liv., in litore, Suet.: alqm in portu Tarentino, Iustin.: exercitum in Africa, Liv.: mi-

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lites ad eum locum, qui appellabatur Palaeste, Caes. – dah. scherzh., ego istos amasios hoc ictu exponam (an die Luft setzen) atque omnes eiciam foras, Plaut. truc. 658: paene exposivit cubito, hat mich fast auf den Sand gesetzt, Plaut. Cas. 853. – β) über Bord werfen, onus, Marcian. dig. 39, 4, 16. § 8. – 2) öffentlich aufstellen, alqd venditioni, Tac.: bes. zur Schau, vasa Samia, Cic.: u. magnum argenti pondus (eine Masse von Silbergeschirr), Caes.: alqm populo videndum, Ov.: copias in omnibus collibus, gleichs. ausstellen, offen aufstellen, Caes. – 3) ein Kind an einem Orte aussetzen, puellam, Komik.: puerum, Iustin.: pueros, Lact.: filios, Tert.: puellam ad necem, Plaut.: in proxima alluvie pueros, Liv.: infantem ad ianuam matris, Suet.: ingenuus in Gallia natus, sed expositus, Suet.: subst., expositum agnoscere, recipere, Quint.: lex de expositis, Quint. – 4) eine Pflanze usw. ins Land setzen, mense Februario seu planta seu semen exponitur, Pallad. 3, 25, 31. – II) übtr.: 1) aufstellen, vor Augen legen, a) im allg.: praemia alci, Cic.: vitam suam ad imitandum, Cic.: factum (zur Nachahmung), Cic. – b) aussetzen = zur Verfügung stellen, alci DCCC, Cic.: per urbes benigne commeatus, Liv.: colores alci ad variandum, Cic. – c) als jurist. t. t., schriftl. ausstellen, epistulam (einen Schein) in eos exposuit, ICt.: exp. cautionem in alqm, ICt. – 2) mündlich od. schriftlich darlegen, a) aus-

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einandersetzen, darstellen, zeigen, schildern, beschreiben, abhandeln, vitam alcis totam, Cic.: mores Graiorum, Nep.: alqm versibus, Nep.: breviter consulatum alcis, Cic.: Africae situm paucis, Sall.: mandata in senatu, Cic.: plura de alqo, Nep.: bl. de vita imperatorum, Nep.: m. folg. indir. Fragesatz (m. qui, quid, quemadmodum u. dgl.), Lucr., Cic. u.a.: m. folg. Acc. u. Infin. (= zeigen, dartun), Lucr. 1, 121. Cic. Tusc. 1, 26. – b) den Inhalt von etwas in Worte kleiden, aufsetzen, aufstellen, condiciones pacis, Iustin.: orationem obliquam, Iustin. – 3) aussetzen = preisgeben, bloßstellen, gew. exponi od. expositum esse u. Partiz. expositus, a) der Lage, Stellung nach, ager expositus ventis, Plin.: locus expositus solibus, Plin.: mare procellis undique expositum, Mela: mare in omnes tempestates expositum, Sen.: mare nimiā propinquitate ad pericula classium externarum expositum, Liv.: expositi adversus Italiam, Liv.: ut (exercitus) undique hosti exponeretur, Flor.: expositus ad ictus, Liv. u. Curt.: ad omnes ictus, Curt.: contra magnas copias se expositum videre, Auct. b. Afr. – b) den Verhältnissen nach, ne inermes provinciae barbaris nationibus exponerentur, Tac.: expositum ad invidiam Marcelli nomen, Tac.: ut minus ad iniurias fortunae simus expositi, Sen.: libertas exposita ad iniurias Masinissae, Liv.: ira magis exposita contemptui est, Sen. – absol. (iracundi) simplices videntur,

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quia expositi sunt, weil sie (der Tücke) preisgegeben sind, Sen. de ira 2, 16, 3: u. so bei Spät. oft = dem Hohne preisgeben, nomen dei, Lact.: vitia patriarcharum, Ambros.; vgl. Bünem. Lact. 1, 7. § 7. – 4) ablegen (s. Bünem. Lact. 3, 26, 13 u. 7, 5, 22. Rönsch Itala p. 364), nomen virginitatis, Arnob.: infantiam, Lact.: veterem hominem, Tert.: curas, Arnob. – ⇒ Archaist. Perf. exposivit, Plaut. Cas. 853. – Synkop. Partiz. Perf. expostus, Cato r. r. 151, 2. Verg. Aen. 10, 694. Stat. Theb. 5, 551 u. 7, 197.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > expono

11 (arbitrātus

    (arbitrātus, ūs, m), only abl.    [arbitror], mediatiou, arbitration: cuius arbitratu de negotiis consuleretur, S.—Will, pleasure, free-will, choice: (sententias) exposui arbitratu meo: suo arbitratu vendere.

Latin-English dictionary > (arbitrātus

12 liber

    liber brī, m    —Of a tree, the inner bark: obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci: udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro, V.: cum alta liber aret in ulmo, i. e. the elm is parched through, V.— Because dried bark was anciently used to write on, a book, work, treatise: Platonis de morte: caerimoniarum, ritual, Ta.: quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui: libros pervolutare: libri confectio: libri carminum valentium, of charms, H.: libros adire decemviri iussi, i. e. Sibylline books, L.: libri Etruscorum, religious books.—A division of a work, book: tres libri de Naturā Deorum: dictum est in libro superiore: legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus (sc. librum).—A list, catalogue, register: litterarum adlatarum libri.—A letter, epistle: grandis, N.
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I
libera -um, liberior -or -us, liberrimus -a -um ADJ

free (man); unimpeded; void of; independent, outspoken/frank; licentious; idle
II
liberi N M

children (pl.); (sg. VOC) child
III
libri N M

book, volume; inner bark of a tree

Latin-English dictionary > liber

13 expono

exponere, exposui, expositus V

set/put forth/out; abandon, expose; publish; explain, relate; disembark

Latin-English dictionary > expono

14 arbitratus

1.
arbī̆trātus, a, um, Part. of arbitror.
2.
arbī̆trātus, ūs, m. [arbitror].
I.
The judgment (as will, not as opinion; accordingly = voluntas, not = sententia), freewill, inclination, pleasure, wish, choice, decision (class.; cf. Gell. 13, 20, 19:
hic allegatus et hic arbitratus pro allegatione proque arbitratione dicuntur. Quā ratione servatā arbitratu et allegatu meo dicimus, which latter expression is most freq. used): viri boni arbitratu resolvetur,
Cato, R. R. 149, 2; so id. ib. 145, 3:
arbitratu domini,
id. ib. 144, 1:
nunc quidem meo arbitratu loquar libere, quae volam et quae lubebit,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 2:
Vapulabis meo arbitratu et novorum aedilium,
id. Trin. 4, 2, 148; so id. Capt. 3, 1, 35; id. Ep. 5, 2, 22; id. Men. 5, 5, 46; id. Mil. 4, 6, 6; id. Ps. 1, 5, 13:
tuus arbitratus sit: comburas, si velis,
id. As. 4, 1, 21; so id. Rud. 5, 2, 68: Er. Agedum, excutedum pallium. St. Tuo arbitratu, id. Aul. 4, 4, 20; id. Am. 3, 2, 50; id. Most. 3, 2, 106; id. Capt. 4, 2, 87; id. Ps. 2, 2, 66; id. Truc. 5, 19:
quas (sententias) exposui arbitratu meo,
Cic. Lael. 1, 3:
ut id meo arbitratu facerem,
id. Fin. 1, 21, 72, and id. ib. 4, 1, 2; id. Fam. 7, 1, 5:
tuo vero id quidem arbitratu,
id. Fin. 1, 8, 28; so id. Brut. 11, 42; Tac. Or. 42 fin.:
suo arbitratu,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 15:
ejus arbitratu fieri,
id. Rud. 4, 3, 96:
arbitratu suo,
Suet. Tib. 68: Tr. Quoius arbitratu nos vis facere? Gr. Viduli arbitratu, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 63 sq.; 4, 3, 66:
senatūs arbitratu,
Suet. Tib. 34; so id. Aug. 35.—
II.
Direction, guidance:
considerare oportet, cujus arbitratu sit educatus,
Cic. Inv. 1, 25; so Inscr. Grut. 185, 2.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > arbitratus

15 civitas

cīvĭtas, ātis ( gen. plur. civitatium, Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 51; id. Leg. 2, 4, 9; Caes. B. G. 4, 3; 5, 22; Sall. C. 40, 2; Liv. 1, 17, 4; 2, 6, 5; 33, 20, 11 Drak.; 42, 30, 6; 42, 44, 1; 45, 34, 1; Vell. 2, 42, 2; Quint. 2, 16, 4 N. cr.; Suet. Tit. 8 Oud.; Cornut. ap. Charis. p. 100 P.; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 66; Prisc. p. 771 P.; Neue, Formenl. 1, 268), f. [civis].
I.
Abstr., the condition or privileges of a ( Roman) citizen, citizenship, freedom of the city (upon its conditions, v. Zimmern, Rechtsgesch. 2, § 123 sq.;
Dict. of Antiq. p. 260 sqq.): Cato, cum esset Tusculi natus, in populi romani civitatem susceptus est: ita, cum ortu Tusculanus esset, civitate Romanus, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 5:
donare aliquem civitate,
id. Balb. 13, 20; Suet. Caes. 24; 42; 76; id. Aug. 47; id. Tib. 51; id. Ner. 24:
dare civitatem alicui,
Cic. Arch. 4, 7; 5, 10; Liv. 1, 28, 7; 8, 14, 8; Suet. Aug. 40; id. Galb. 14: accipere aliquem in civitatem, [p. 347] Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35:
adsciscere in civitatem,
Liv. 6, 40, 4:
ascribere aliquem in civitatem,
Cic. Arch. 4, 6:
aliquem foederatis civitatibus ascribere,
id. ib. 4, 7:
in aliis civitatibus ascriptus,
id. ib. 5, 10:
assequi,
Tac. A. 11, 23:
consequi,
Cic. Balb. 13, 31:
deponere,
id. Caecin. 34, 100:
decedere de civitate,
id. Balb. 5, 11:
dicare se civitati,
id. ib. 11, 28:
in civitatem,
id. ib. 12, 30:
eripere,
id. Caecin. 34, 99:
habere,
id. Balb. 13, 31:
impertiri civitatem,
id. Arch. 5, 10:
furari civitatem,
id. Balb. 2, 5:
petere,
Suet. Caes. 8:
Romanam assequi,
Tac. A. 11, 23:
adipisci,
Suet. Aug. 40:
Romanam usurpare,
id. Calig. 38; id. Claud. 25:
amittere civitatem,
Cic. Caecin. 34, 98:
adimere,
id. ib.; Suet. Caes. 28:
petere,
id. ib. 8:
negare,
id. Aug. 40:
jus civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; id. Arch. 5, 11:
recipere aliquem in civitatem,
id. Caecin. 34, 100; id. Arch. 10,22; id. Balb. 13, 31:
relinquere,
id. Caecin. 34, 100:
retinere civitatem,
id. Balb. 12, 30:
retinere aliquem in civitate,
id. Lig. 11, 33:
ademptio civitatis,
id. Dom. 30, 78:
commemoratio,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 62, § 162:
nomen,
id. ib.:
ereptor,
id. Dom. 30, 81.—
B.
Trop.:
ut oratio Romana plane videatur, non civitate donata,
Quint. 8, 1, 3; cf.:
civitate Romanā donare agricolationem,
Col. 1, 1, 12:
verbum hoc a te civitate donatum,
naturalized, Gell. 19, 3, 3; Sen. Ep. 120, 4; id. Q. N. 5, 16, 4.—More freq.,
II.
Concr., the citizens united in a community, the body - politic, the state, and as this consists of one city and its territory, or of several cities, it differs from urbs, i.e. the compass of the dwellings of the collected citizens;
but sometimes meton., = urbs, v. B.: concilia coetusque hominum jure sociati, quae civitates appellantur,
Cic. Rep. 6, 13, 13:
tum conventicula hominum, quae postea civitates nominatae sunt, tum domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus, etc.,
id. Sest. 42, 91; cf.: omnis populus, qui est talis coetus multitudinis, qualem exposui; omnis civitas, quae est constitutio populi;
omnis res publica, quae populi res est, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 26, 41:
quia sapiens non sum, nec haec urbs nec in eā civitas... non dubitavisset, quin et Roma urbs (esset), et eam civitas incoleret,
id. Ac. 2, 45, 137:
aucta civitate magnitudine urbis,
Liv. 1, 45, 1:
Orgetorix civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 2 Oud.; so id. ib. 1, 4; 1, 19; 1, 31; cf. Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 429, 15:
civitates aut nationes devictae,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; Sall. C. 31, 1; Liv. 21, 1, 2:
io triumphe non semel dicemus civitas omnis,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 51; cf. id. Epod. 16, 36 and 18:
cum civitas in foro exspectatione erecta staret,
Liv. 3, 47, 1; so id. 2, 37, 5; 26, 18, 6; 34, 41, 1; Tac. A. 3, 11; Suet. Calig. 6; id. Tib. 17; 42:
civitates aut condere novas aut conservare jam conditas,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; id. Sull. 9, 28; id. Rep. 1, 8, 13; 1, 3, 5:
omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est,
Caes. B. G. 1, 12:
quae pars civitatis Helvetiae, etc.,
id. ib.:
non longe a Tolosatium finibus, quae civitas est in provinciā,
id. ib. 1, 10:
Ubii, quorum fuit civitas ampla atque florens,
id. ib. 4, 3:
Rhodiorum civitas, magna atque magnifica,
Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 69, 3:
Heraclea quae est civitas aequissimo jure ac foedere,
Cic. Arch. 4, 6 et saep.:
administrare civitatem,
id. Off. 1, 25, 88:
mutari civitatum status,
id. Leg. 3, 14, 32; so,
civitatis status,
Quint. 6, 1, 16; 11, 1, 85:
(legibus) solutis stare ipsa (civitas) non possit,
id. 11, 1, 85:
lege civitatis,
id. 12, 10, 26; cf. id. 5, 10, 25:
mos civitatis,
id. 10, 1, 107; 12, 3, 7; 1, 2, 2.—Of Plato's ideal republic:
si in illā commenticiā Platonis civitate res ageretur,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 230.—
2.
Trop.:
civitas caelitum,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 2:
ut jam universus hic mundus una civitas sit communis deorum atque hominum existimanda,
Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 23.—
B.
Meton., = urbs, a city (rare and mostly post-Aug.; not in Cic. or Cæs.): civitatem incendere, Enn. ap. Non. p. 429, 5 (Trag. 382 Vahl.):
cum errarem per totam civitatem,
Petr. 8, 2; cf. id. 8, 141 fin.:
Lingonum,
Tac. H. 1, 54; 1, 64:
ab excidio civitatis,
id. ib. 1, 63;
1, 69: circumjectae civitates,
id. ib. 3, 43:
muri civitatis,
id. ib. 4, 65; id. A. 6, 42:
pererrata nocturnis conversationibus,
Sen. Ben. 6, 32, 1:
expugnare civitatem,
Quint. 8, 3, 67; cf.:
expugnandae civitates,
id. 12, 9, 2:
plurimas per totum orbem civitates, terrae motu aut incendio afflictas restituit in melius,
Suet. Vesp. 17; cf. id. Tit. 8; id. Tib. 84 fin.; Lact. 2, 7, 19.—
2.
Esp., the city, i. e. Rome and its inhabitants, Tac. H. 1, 19; 2, 92; 4, 2.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > civitas

16 fere

fĕrē and fermē ( fĕrĕ, Aus. Epigr. 10, 5, 5), adv. [Sanscr. dhar-, dhar-ami, to bear, support; Gr. root, thra-, in thrênus, stool, thronos, seat; Lat. firmus; cf.: forma, forum. Ferme is perh. a sup. form for ferime, v. Rib. Lat. Part. p. 6 sq. Erroneously, Varr.: ferme dicitur quod nunc fere: utrumque dictum a ferendo, quod id quod fertur est in motu atque adventat, L. L. 7, § 92 Müll.], approximately, closely, in two senses.
I.
With the idea of approach predominant, nearly, almost, well-nigh, within a little, for the most part, about (esp. with words of number, quantity, multitude; cf.: plerumque, vulgo).
a.
Form fere:
fere sexennis,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 80:
abhinc menses decem fere,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 24; cf.:
fere abhinc annos quindecim,
id. Phorm. 5, 8, 28:
fere in diebus paucis, quibus haec acta sunt, Chrysis vicina haec moritur,
soon, only a few days after, id. And. 1, 1, 77:
quinta fere hora,
about the fifth hour, Cic. Pis. 6, 13:
hora fere tertia,
id. Att. 14, 20, 1:
tertia fere vigilia,
Caes. B. G. 4, 23, 1:
sexcentos fere annos,
Cic. Rep. 1, 48:
sexto decimo fere anno,
id. ib. 2, 33:
anno fere ante, quam consul est declaratus,
id. ib. 1, 5:
anno fere centesimo et quadragesimo post mortem Numae,
id. ib. 2, 15; cf.:
anno trecentesimo et quinquagesimo fere post Romam conditam,
id. ib. 1, 16:
decem fere annis post primos consules,
id. ib. 2, 32; cf.
also: decessit fere post annum quartum quam, etc.,
Nep. Arist. 3 fin.:
meus fere aequalis,
Cic. Brut. 48, 179; cf. id. Off. 3, 1, 1:
ipsa Peloponnesus fere tota in mari est,
id. Rep. 2, 4, 8; cf.:
totius fere Galliae legati ad Caesarem gratulatum convenerunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 1:
totis fere a fronte et ab sinistra parte nudatis castris,
id. ib. 2, 23, 4:
rerum omnium fere modus,
Cic. Rep. 6, 18; cf.:
quam fere omnium constans et moderata ratio vitae,
id. Clu. 16, 46:
ex omnibus fere partibus,
Caes. B. G. 7, 19:
in reliquis fere rebus,
id. ib. 6, 13, 3:
omnes fere,
Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1; 4, 20, 1; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Chabr. 3, 4; Liv. 21, 60, 9; Suet. Caes. 87;
and in the order fere omnes,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13, 1; 5, 23, 4:
cujus disputationis fuit extremum fere de immortalitate animorum,
Cic. Lael. 4, 14; cf.: Phalereus ille Demetrius ultimus est fere ex Atticis. Quint. 10, 1, 80: cum fere e regione castris castra poneret, Caes. B. G. 7, 35, 1; id. ib. 3, 12, 1:
plus fere,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 45:
semper fere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 22:
satis fere diximus,
id. Off. 1, 18, 60:
tantum fere,
almost only, id. Rep. 2, 18 fin.:
Lycurgus eadem vidit fere,
id. ib. 2, 23:
haec fere,
id. ib. 1, 34 fin.; cf.:
hoc fere ab reliquis differunt, quod,
in this chiefly, Caes. B. G. 6, 18, 3:
haec fere dicere habui,
Cic. N. D. 3, 39, 93:
haec erant fere, quae, etc.,
id. Fam. 12, 5 fin.; 12, 30 fin.; id. Att. 2, 16, 1; id. Or. 54, 182; id. Ac. 2, 32, 102:
exposui fere non philosophorum judicia, sed, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 16, 42; cf.:
sic fere componendum, quomodo pronuntiandum erit,
Quint. 9, 4, 138:
fere eodem pacto, quo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 10:
et fere apparet, quid in invidiam, etc.... dicendum sit,
Quint. 5, 12, 16.—
b.
Form ferme:
hoc factum est ferme abhinc biennium,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 4; so,
abhinc annos ferme L.,
Vell. 2, 90 fin.:
nam ferme ante annos DCCCCL. floruit,
id. 1, 5, 3:
intra XII. ferme annos,
id. 2, 11 fin.:
duodequadragesimo ferme anno, ex quo regnare coeperat Tarquinius,
Liv. 1, 40:
mille ferme delecti propugnatores onerariis imponuntur,
id. 30, 10; cf.:
pars ferme dimidia,
id. 42, 51:
a quo (flumine) aberat mons ferme milia viginti,
Sall. J. 48, 3; cf.:
in tumulo quatuor ferme milia distante ab castris regiis consedit,
Liv. 30, 8:
abest ab Carthagine quindecim milia ferme passuum locus,
id. 30, 9:
ferme eadem omnia, quae, etc.,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 21:
cum ferme cunctos proceres cum honore nominavisset,
Tac. A. 3, 76:
mihi quidem aetas acta est ferme,
for the most part, about, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 38.
II.
With the idea of nearness or closeness predominant, quite, entirely, just.
a.
Form fere:
domum revortor maestus atque animo fere conturbato,
quite distracted, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 69:
quod statuas quoque videmus ornatu fere militari,
quite military, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61:
paria esse fere peccata,
quite equal, Hor. S. 1, 3, 96:
etsi nobis, qui id aetatis sumus, evigilatum fere est, tamen, etc.,
entirely, sufficiently, Cic. Rep. 3, 29:
cum circa hanc fere consultationem disceptatio omnis verteretur,
just on this debated point, Liv. 36, 7, 1: jamque fere, just now, Enn. ap. Non. 217, 11; and ap. Charis. p. 114 P. (Ann. v. 286 and 580 ed. Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 135; 5, 327; 835; cf.: jam fere, Enn. ap. Non. 355, 17 (Trag. v. 201 ed. Vahl.); and: jam... fere, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 46 Müll. (Ann. v. 447 ed. Vahl.):
sermo qui tum fere multis erat in ore,
just then, Cic. Lael. 1, 2.—
b.
Form ferme: circumvenire video ferme injuria, altogether wrong, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 92 Müll. (Rib. Trag. Fragm. p. 12); cf.: ferme aderant ratibus, just, Enn. ib. § 23 Müll. (Ann. v. 602 ed. Vahl.); so, quod ferme dirum in tempus cecidere Latinae, Cic. Poët. Div. 1, 11, 18; and:
sed eum constabat virum esse ferme bonum,
Gell. 14, 2, 5:
ferme ut quisque rem accurat suam, Sic ei procedunt post principia denique,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 4; so,
ferme ut pueri,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 32:
jam ferme moriens me vocat,
just dying, id. And. 1, 5, 49.—
B.
In partic.
1.
With negatives, scarcely, hardly.
a.
(= vix, non facile.) Form fere:
nihil aut non fere multum differre,
Cic. Brut. 40, 150:
nemo fere saltat sobrius,
id. Mur. 6; id. de Or. 1, 25, 116:
nihil fere intelligit,
id. Off. 3, 3, 15:
non fere labitur,
id. Fin. 1, 6, 18:
quod non fere ante auctumnum Elaver vado transiri solet,
Caes. B. G. 7, 35, 1:
duo spondei non fere jungi patiuntur,
Quint. 9, 4, 101:
in se dicere non est fere nisi scurrarum,
id. 6, 3, 82:
denique ex bellica victoria non fere quemquam est invidia civium consecuta,
hardly any one, Cic. Sest. 23, 51:
rationem sententiae suae non fere reddere,
id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:
nec adhuc fere inveni, qui, etc.,
id. Att. 7, 6, 1; cf.:
quod non fere contingit, nisi, etc.,
id. Lael. 20, 72:
nec rei fere sane amplius quicquam fuit,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 3:
in qua (disputatione) nihil fere, quod magno opere ad rationes omnium rerum pertineret, praetermissum puto,
Cic. Rep. 1, 8 fin.: tum est Cato locutus;
quo erat nemo fere senior temporibus illis, nemo prudentior,
id. Lael. 1, 5:
dixit, hunc ne in convivio quidem ullo fere interfuisse,
id. Rosc. Am. 14:
neque ullum fere totius hiemis tempus sine sollicitudine Caesaris intercessit,
Caes. B. G. 5, 53, 5: neque enim [p. 736] fere iam est ullus dies occupatus, ut nihil, etc., Quint. 10, 7, 27.—With a neg. interrog.:
nam quid fere undique placet?
Quint. 1, 2, 15.—
b.
Form ferme:
hoc non ferme sine magnis principum vitiis evenit,
Cic. Rep. 1, 45 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 38, 111:
quod non ferme decernitur, nisi, etc.,
Liv. 22, 9, 8; 24, 25, 9:
voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34 fin.; so,
nec ferme res antiqua alia est nobilior,
Liv. 1, 24:
facio, quod manifesto moechi haud ferme solent,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 40; so Ter. And. 3, 1, 2:
haud ferme,
Liv. 21, 7, 9; 27, 28, 14:
ut eo nihil ferme quisquam addere posset,
Cic. Brut. 43, 161:
quia nemo ferme huc sine damno devortitur,
Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 39:
non ferme facilius aliquid tenere,
Cic. Rep. 2, 5 fin.; 1, 45, 69.—
2.
Of time (in the usual course of things; opp. to sometimes, now and then), in general, generally, usually, commonly.
a.
Form fere:
Fit fere, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 6, 10; cf.:
jam hoc fere sic fieri solere accepimus,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 9, 24:
quod fere solet fieri,
id. Inv. 1, 29, 46; cf.
also: ut fere fit,
id. ib. 2, 4, 14:
nam fere maxima pars morem hunc homines habent,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 36:
quod fere libenter homines id, quod volunt, credunt,
Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 6:
aedificio circumdato silva (ut sunt fere domicilia Gallorum, etc.),
id. ib. 6, 30, 3:
ruri fere se continebat,
Ter. Ph. 2, 3, 16:
nam fere non difficile est invenire, quid, etc.,
Auct. Her. 2, 18, 27:
in eum fere est voluntas nostra propensior,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 69:
sic omnia nimia in contraria fere convertuntur,
id. Rep. 1, 44:
quod in illis singuli fuissent fere, qui, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 1:
nominatim fere referri, quid, etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 33, 142:
nigra fere terra,
commonly black, Verg. G. 2, 203:
qui timet his adversa, fere miratur eodem quo cupiens pacto,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 9.—Strengthened by plerumque or plerique:
hic solebamus fere Plerumque eam operiri,
Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 39; cf.
corresp. to plerumque: fortuna eos plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est: itaque efferuntur fere fastidio et contumacia,
Cic. Lael. 15, 54:
adducto fere vultu, plerumque tacitus,
Suet. Tib. 68:
non sunt vitiosiores, quam fere plerique, qui avari avaros... reprehendunt,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 30, 73.—Opp. raro, interdum, saepe:
fere praedicta aetas laeto solo truncoque tres materias, raro quatuor desiderat,
Col. 4, 17, 5; cf.:
fereque id in capillo fit, rarius in barba,
Cels. 6, 2:
ipse Circenses ex amicorum fere libertinorumque cenaculis spectabat, interdum e pulvinari,
Suet. Aug. 15:
in consulatu pedibus fere, extra consulatum saepe adaperta sella per publicum incessit,
id. ib. 53.—
b.
Form ferme:
quod ferme evenit,
Cic. Rep. 1, 42:
nam ferme apud Numidas in omnibus proeliis magis pedes quam arma tuta sunt,
Sall. J. 74 fin.:
inculta ferme vestiuntur virgultis vepribusque,
Liv. 21, 54:
intacta invidia media sunt: ad summa ferme tendit,
id. 45, 35; cf.:
mobilis et varia est ferme natura malorum,
Juv. 13, 236:
ceterum parva quoque (ut ferme principia omnia),
Liv. 7, 2:
ut ferme ad nova imperia,
Tac. A. 2, 2:
quae antea dictatorum et consulum ferme fuerant beneficia,
Liv. 9, 30, 3:
nocte ferme proficiscebantur,
id. 34, 13, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fere

17 Liber

1.
līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).
I.
In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.
(α).
Absol.:
dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:
an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,
id. ib. 5, 2, 36:
ad scribendi licentiam liber,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:
agri immunes ac liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:
integro animo ac libero causam defendere,
unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:
liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,
not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:
libera lingua,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:
cor liberum,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:
vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,
Liv. 35, 32, 6:
libera verba animi proferre,
Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:
aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,
id. Brut. 67, 236:
libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:
tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,
id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:
pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,
id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:
liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,
Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:
mandata,
full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:
fenus,
unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;
v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,
the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:
locus,
free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:
lectulus,
i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:
vestis,
id. ib. 3, 777:
libera omnia sibi servare,
to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:
hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:
est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,
id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:
liberiores litterae,
id. Att. 1, 13, 1:
amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,
freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:
paulo liberior sententia,
Quint. 4, 2, 121:
liberior in utramque partem disputatio,
id. 7, 2, 14:
fusiores liberioresque numeri,
id. 9, 4, 130:
officia liberiora plenioraque,
id. 6, 1, 9:
(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,
freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:
(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,
freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:
liberiore frui caelo,
freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:
liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,
the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:
liberrime Lolli,
most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:
indignatio,
id. Epod. 4, 10.—
(β).
Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:
Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:
(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,
id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:
ab observando homine perverso liber,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:
liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,
id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:
ab omni animi perturbatione liber,
id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:
loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,
id. Att. 15, 16, B:
libera a ferro crura,
Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:
animus liber a partibus rei publicae,
Sall. C. 4.—
(γ).
With abl.:
animus omni liber curā et angore,
free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:
animus religione,
Liv. 2, 36:
animus cogitationibus aliis,
Quint. 11, 2, 35:
mens omnibus vitiis,
id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:
liberis odio et gratia mentibus,
id. 5, 11, 37:
omni liber metu,
Liv. 7, 34:
liber invidia,
Quint. 12, 11, 7:
equus carcere,
Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—
(δ).
With gen. ( poet.):
liber laborum,
Hor. A. P. 212:
fati gens Lydia,
Verg. A. 10, 154:
curarum,
Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:
liberior campi,
having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—
(ε).
Liberum est, with subject-clause:
quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,
it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:
dies eligere certos liberum erat,
Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:
libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,
Tac. A. 3, 60.
II.
In partic.
A.
Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;
also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:
dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,
id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:
quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:
in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,
Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:
si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,
id. Top. 2, 10:
quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,
of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:
liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—
B.
Free, in a political point of view;
said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,
Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:
ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,
id. ib. 1, 44, 68:
liber populus,
id. ib. 3, 34, 46:
(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,
democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:
civitates liberae atque immunes,
free from service, Liv. 37, 55:
provinciae civitatesque liberae,
Suet. Vesp. 8:
libera ac foederata oppida,
id. Calig. 3:
Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,
Juv. 8, 244.—
C.
In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:
quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),
Plaut. Am. prol. 105:
adulescens imprudens et liber,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:
sit adulescentia liberior,
somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:
amores soluti et liberi,
id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
consuetudo peccandi,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:
qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:
animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,
id. Div. 2, 48, 100:
respirare,
id. Quint. 11, 39:
constanter et libere (me gessi),
id. Att. 4, 16, 9:
consilium dare,
id. Lael. 13, 44:
aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:
omnia libere fingimus et impune,
Quint. 6, 1, 43:
ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,
Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:
liberius vivendi fuit potestas,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:
loqui,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33:
fortius liberiusque defendere,
Quint. 12, 1, 21:
liberius si Dixero quid,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:
maledicere,
id. ib. 2, 8, 37:
longius et liberius exseritur digitus,
Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:
ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,
freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.
2.
līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;
but also: liberorum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.
I.
Sing. (post-class. and rare):
si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,
Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—
II.
Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).
A.
Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):
cum conjugibus et liberis,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:
eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,
id. ib. 16, 11, 1:
liberos procreare,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:
suscipere liberos,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:
per liberos te precor,
Hor. Epod. 5, 5:
dulces,
id. ib. 2, 40:
parvuli,
Quint. 2, 15, 8;
opp. parentes,
id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:
non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,
Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,
Gell. 1, 12, 8:
uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:
liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,
Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:
liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,
ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:
habitus sis in liberum loco,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—
2.
Esp.
(α).
Of sons (opp. daughters):
procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,
Hyg. Fab. 9.—
(β).
Of children in gen. = pueri:
praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,
Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—
B.
Transf., of animals, young:
liberis orbas oves,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:
quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.
3.
Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:
hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:
tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,
Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:
Liber et alma Ceres,
Verg. G. 1, 7:
ex aede Liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;
in a pun with 1. liber,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:
quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:
salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:
sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:
Romulus et Liber pater,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:
per vestigia Liberi patris,
Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:
patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,
Col. 3, 21, 3:
Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,
Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—
B.
Meton., wine:
illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:
Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,
Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:
sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,
Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:
condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,
id. S. 1, 4, 89.
4.
lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,
Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:
colligatae libris (arundines),
Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:
udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,
Verg. G. 2, 77:
natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,
id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:
quam denso fascia libro,
Juv. 6, 263.—
B.
Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):
antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,
Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,
II.
Transf.
A.
Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:
charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—
B.
Most freq. a book, work, treatise:
Demetrii liber de concordia,
Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:
quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,
id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:
dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,
id. de Sen. 15, 54:
libros pervolutare,
id. Att. 5, 12, 2:
evolvere,
id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:
volvere,
id. Brut. 87, 298:
legere,
id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:
edere,
id. Fat. 1, 1:
libri confectio,
id. de Sen. 1, 1:
tempus ad libros vacuum,
id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:
cujus (Platonis) in libris,
id. ib. 1, 10, 16:
in Graecorum libris,
id. ib. 2, 11, 21:
librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,
Juv. 3, 41:
actorum libri,
the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—
C.
In partic.
1.
A division of a work a look:
tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,
Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:
hi tres libri (de Officiis),
id. Off. 3, 33, 121:
sermo in novem libros distributus,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:
dictum est in libro superiore,
id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:
versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,
id. 6, 3, 86:
liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,
id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:
in T. Livii primo,
Quint. 9, 2, 37:
in tertio de Oratore,
id. 9, 1, 26:
legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—
2.
In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:
decemviris adire libros jussis,
i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:
se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:
ut in libris est Etruscorum,
id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:
caerimoniarum,
rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—
D.
A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—
E.
A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—
F.
A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):
liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,
Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Liber

18 liber

1.
līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).
I.
In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.
(α).
Absol.:
dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:
an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,
id. ib. 5, 2, 36:
ad scribendi licentiam liber,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:
agri immunes ac liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:
integro animo ac libero causam defendere,
unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:
liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,
not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:
libera lingua,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:
cor liberum,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:
vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,
Liv. 35, 32, 6:
libera verba animi proferre,
Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:
aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,
id. Brut. 67, 236:
libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:
tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,
id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:
pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,
id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:
liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,
Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:
mandata,
full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:
fenus,
unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;
v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,
the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:
locus,
free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:
lectulus,
i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:
vestis,
id. ib. 3, 777:
libera omnia sibi servare,
to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:
hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:
est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,
id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:
liberiores litterae,
id. Att. 1, 13, 1:
amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,
freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:
paulo liberior sententia,
Quint. 4, 2, 121:
liberior in utramque partem disputatio,
id. 7, 2, 14:
fusiores liberioresque numeri,
id. 9, 4, 130:
officia liberiora plenioraque,
id. 6, 1, 9:
(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,
freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:
(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,
freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:
liberiore frui caelo,
freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:
liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,
the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:
liberrime Lolli,
most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:
indignatio,
id. Epod. 4, 10.—
(β).
Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:
Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:
(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,
id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:
ab observando homine perverso liber,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:
liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,
id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:
ab omni animi perturbatione liber,
id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:
loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,
id. Att. 15, 16, B:
libera a ferro crura,
Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:
animus liber a partibus rei publicae,
Sall. C. 4.—
(γ).
With abl.:
animus omni liber curā et angore,
free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:
animus religione,
Liv. 2, 36:
animus cogitationibus aliis,
Quint. 11, 2, 35:
mens omnibus vitiis,
id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:
liberis odio et gratia mentibus,
id. 5, 11, 37:
omni liber metu,
Liv. 7, 34:
liber invidia,
Quint. 12, 11, 7:
equus carcere,
Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—
(δ).
With gen. ( poet.):
liber laborum,
Hor. A. P. 212:
fati gens Lydia,
Verg. A. 10, 154:
curarum,
Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:
liberior campi,
having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—
(ε).
Liberum est, with subject-clause:
quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,
it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:
dies eligere certos liberum erat,
Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:
libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,
Tac. A. 3, 60.
II.
In partic.
A.
Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;
also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:
dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,
id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:
quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:
in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,
Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:
si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,
id. Top. 2, 10:
quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,
of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:
liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—
B.
Free, in a political point of view;
said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,
Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:
ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,
id. ib. 1, 44, 68:
liber populus,
id. ib. 3, 34, 46:
(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,
democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:
civitates liberae atque immunes,
free from service, Liv. 37, 55:
provinciae civitatesque liberae,
Suet. Vesp. 8:
libera ac foederata oppida,
id. Calig. 3:
Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,
Juv. 8, 244.—
C.
In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:
quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),
Plaut. Am. prol. 105:
adulescens imprudens et liber,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:
sit adulescentia liberior,
somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:
amores soluti et liberi,
id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
consuetudo peccandi,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:
qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:
animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,
id. Div. 2, 48, 100:
respirare,
id. Quint. 11, 39:
constanter et libere (me gessi),
id. Att. 4, 16, 9:
consilium dare,
id. Lael. 13, 44:
aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:
omnia libere fingimus et impune,
Quint. 6, 1, 43:
ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,
Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:
liberius vivendi fuit potestas,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:
loqui,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33:
fortius liberiusque defendere,
Quint. 12, 1, 21:
liberius si Dixero quid,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:
maledicere,
id. ib. 2, 8, 37:
longius et liberius exseritur digitus,
Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:
ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,
freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.
2.
līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;
but also: liberorum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.
I.
Sing. (post-class. and rare):
si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,
Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—
II.
Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).
A.
Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):
cum conjugibus et liberis,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:
eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,
id. ib. 16, 11, 1:
liberos procreare,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:
suscipere liberos,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:
per liberos te precor,
Hor. Epod. 5, 5:
dulces,
id. ib. 2, 40:
parvuli,
Quint. 2, 15, 8;
opp. parentes,
id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:
non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,
Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,
Gell. 1, 12, 8:
uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:
liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,
Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:
liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,
ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:
habitus sis in liberum loco,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—
2.
Esp.
(α).
Of sons (opp. daughters):
procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,
Hyg. Fab. 9.—
(β).
Of children in gen. = pueri:
praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,
Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—
B.
Transf., of animals, young:
liberis orbas oves,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:
quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.
3.
Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:
hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:
tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,
Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:
Liber et alma Ceres,
Verg. G. 1, 7:
ex aede Liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;
in a pun with 1. liber,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:
quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:
salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:
sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:
Romulus et Liber pater,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:
per vestigia Liberi patris,
Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:
patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,
Col. 3, 21, 3:
Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,
Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—
B.
Meton., wine:
illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:
Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,
Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:
sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,
Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:
condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,
id. S. 1, 4, 89.
4.
lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,
Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:
colligatae libris (arundines),
Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:
udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,
Verg. G. 2, 77:
natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,
id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:
quam denso fascia libro,
Juv. 6, 263.—
B.
Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):
antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,
Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,
II.
Transf.
A.
Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:
charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—
B.
Most freq. a book, work, treatise:
Demetrii liber de concordia,
Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:
quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,
id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:
dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,
id. de Sen. 15, 54:
libros pervolutare,
id. Att. 5, 12, 2:
evolvere,
id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:
volvere,
id. Brut. 87, 298:
legere,
id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:
edere,
id. Fat. 1, 1:
libri confectio,
id. de Sen. 1, 1:
tempus ad libros vacuum,
id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:
cujus (Platonis) in libris,
id. ib. 1, 10, 16:
in Graecorum libris,
id. ib. 2, 11, 21:
librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,
Juv. 3, 41:
actorum libri,
the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—
C.
In partic.
1.
A division of a work a look:
tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,
Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:
hi tres libri (de Officiis),
id. Off. 3, 33, 121:
sermo in novem libros distributus,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:
dictum est in libro superiore,
id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:
versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,
id. 6, 3, 86:
liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,
id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:
in T. Livii primo,
Quint. 9, 2, 37:
in tertio de Oratore,
id. 9, 1, 26:
legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—
2.
In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:
decemviris adire libros jussis,
i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:
se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:
ut in libris est Etruscorum,
id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:
caerimoniarum,
rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—
D.
A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—
E.
A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—
F.
A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):
liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,
Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > liber

19 oraculum

ōrācŭlum (sync. oraclum: ex oraclo, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42, or Trag. v. 65 Vahl.; plur, oracla, Att. ap. Non. 488, 2, or Trag. Rel. p. 185 Rib.; Ov. M. 1, 321), i, n. [oro], a divine announcement, an oracle (class.).
I.
Lit.:
oracula ex eo ipso appellata sunt, quod inest in his deorum oratio,
Cic. Top. 20, 77:
quid est enim oraculum? nempe voluntas divina hominis ore enuntiata,
Sen. Contr. 1 praef.:
edere,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:
petere a Dodonā,
id. Div. 1, 43, 95:
quaerere,
Verg. G. 4, 449:
poscere,
id. A. 3, 456:
consulere,
Ov. M. 3, 8:
Delphis oracula cessant,
Juv. 6, 555.—
II.
Transf.
A.
In gen., a prophetic declaration, a prophecy:
exposui somnii et furoris oracula,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; 1, 50, 115.—
B.
A place where oracular responses were given, an oracle:
illud oraculum Delphis tam celebre,
Cic. Div. 1, 19, 37:
Hammonis,
Plin. 12, 23, 49, § 107:
Delphicum,
Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—
2.
Esp. (eccl. Lat.), the mercy-seat, the place in the tabernacle in which the presence of God was manifest, Vulg. Exod. 25, 18; 40, 18:
oraculum templi, sanctum sanctorum,
id. 3 Reg. 8, 6.—
C.
An oracular saying, oracle pronounced by a man:
haec ego nunc physicorum oracula fundo,
Cic. N. D. 1, 24, 66:
inde illa reliqua oracula: nequam agricolam esse, etc.,
Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 40.—
D.
An imperial rescript, Just. Inst. 1, 11, 11.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > oraculum

20 sedes

sēdes, is ( gen. plur. sedum, Cic. Sest. 20, acc. to Prisc. p. 771 P.:
sedium, from form sedis,
Liv. 5, 42 Drak. N. cr.; Vell. 2, 109, 3), f. [sedeo, q. v.], a seat (freq. and class.).
I.
Lit., that on which one sits, a bench, chair, throne, etc.
A.
In gen.:
in iis sedibus, quae erant sub platano,
Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 29:
haec sedes honoris, sella curulis,
id. Cat. 4, 1, 2:
sedes honoris sui,
Liv. 9, 46, 9; cf.:
ceteros (senatores) in sedibus suis trucidatos,
id. 5, 41 fin.: in sedes collocat se regias, Liv. Andron. ap. Non. 127, 31; so,
regia,
Liv. 1, 47:
positis sedibus consederunt,
id. 42, 39 fin.:
bis sex caelestes, medio Jove, sedibus altis sedent,
Ov. M. 6, 72; cf.:
media inter deos sedes,
Plin. Pan. 52, 1:
in saxo frigida sedi, Quamque lapis sedes, tam lapis ipsa fui,
Ov. H. 10, 50.—In the plur. also of the seat of a single person:
tibi concedo meas sedes,
Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104 (cf. infra, II. b).— Poet.: non si priores Maeonius tenet Sedes Homerus, the foremost seat, the first rank (the fig. borrowed from the rows of seats in the theatre), Hor. C. 4, 9, 6.—
B.
In partic., in the elder Pliny, the seat, fundament, Plin. 22, 21, 29, § 61; 22, 25, 70, § 143; 23, 3, 37, § 75; 23, 4, 41, § 83; 26, 8, 58, § 90; 32, 9, 33, § 104.—
II.
Transf., in gen., of a place where one stays, a seat, dwelling-place, residence, habitation, abode, temple, etc. (the prevailing signif.; syn.: domicilium, locus, habitatio).
(α).
Sing. (used alike of the residence of one or more persons):
hi coetus (hominum) hac, de quā exposui, causā instituti sedem primum certo loco domiciliorum causā constituerunt, quam cum locis manuque sepsissent, ejusmodi conjunctionem tectorum oppidum vel urbem appellaverunt,
Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41:
sentio te sedem etiam nunc hominum ac domum contemplari (i. e. terram),
id. ib. 6, 19, 20; so,
hanc sedem et aeternam domum contueri,
id. ib. 6, 23, 25:
in hanc sedem et domum suam,
id. ib. 6, 25, 29; id. Par. 3, 2, 25; cf.:
eam sibi domum sedemque delegit, in quā, etc.,
id. Clu. 66, 188:
haec domus, haec sedes, haec sunt penetralia magni Amnis (sc. Penei),
Ov. M. 1, 574:
in omni sede ac loco ferrum flammamque metuemus,
Cic. Mur. 39, 85; so (with locus) id. Agr. 2, 17, 46:
nec veni, nisi fata locum sedemque dedissent,
Verg. A. 11, 112:
illum actum esse praecipitem in sceleratorum sedem atque regionem,
Cic. Clu. 61, 171:
in Italiā bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro,
Liv. 22, 39:
ea res Trojanis spem adfirmat tandem stabili certāque sede finiendi erroris,
id. 1, 1, 10:
crematā patriā domo profugos sedem quaerere,
id. 1, 1, 8; 10, 10, 10; 38, 16, 13; 39, 54, 5;
40, 38, 4: Orestis liberi sedem cepere circa Lesbum insulam,
Vell. 1, 3, 1:
ultra hos Chatti initium sedis ab Hercynio saltu incohant,
Tac. G. 30; id. A. 3, 73; 13, 54; Curt. 9, 4, 2; Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 246:
modo Graecis ultro bellum inferebamus: nunc in sedibus nostris propulsamus illatum,
Curt. 4, 14, 21:
non motam Termini sedem (just before: in Termini fano),
Liv. 1, 55; cf.:
quod Juppiter O. M. suam sedem atque arcem populi Romani in re trepidā tutatus esset,
id. 5, 50:
statim regis praetorium petunt, in ipsius potissimum sede morituri,
Just. 2, 11, 15:
(ulmus) nota quae sedes fuerat columbis,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 10 et saep.— Poet.:
sedes scelerata, for sceleratorum,
i. e. the infernal regions, Ov. M. 4, 456; cf.:
Tibur Sit meae sedes utinam senectae,
Hor. C. 2, 6, 6:
talia diversa nequicquam sede locuti,
place, spot, Ov. M. 4, 78.—
(β).
Plur. (in good prose usually only of the dwellings of several):
qui incolunt eas urbes non haerent in suis sedibus,
Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 7:
eorum domicilia, sedes, etc.,
id. Fam. 13, 4, 3; cf.:
ut (Galli) aliud domicilium, alias sedes petant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
sedes habere in Galliā,
id. ib. 1, 44:
reverti se in suas sedes regionesque simulaverunt,
id. ib. 4, 4:
quae gens ad hoc tempus iis sedibus se continet,
id. ib. 6, 24; cf. id. ib. 4, 4 fin.:
novas ipsi sedes ab se auctae multitudini addiderunt,
Liv. 2, 1:
qui profugi sedibus incertis vagabantur,
Sall. C. 6, 1; cf. id. J. 18, 2:
(deūm) sedes nostris sedibus esse Dissimiles debent,
Lucr. 5, 153; so,
divum, deum sedes,
id. 3, 18; 5, 146; 5, 1188; Hor. C. 3, 3, 34; cf.:
sedes sanctae penatium deorumque larumque familiarium,
Cic. Rep. 5, 5, 7:
deos ipsos convulsos ex sedibus suis,
Liv. 38, 43:
discretae piorum,
Hor. C. 2, 13, 23:
silentum,
Ov. M. 15, 772:
animalia ad assuetas sibi sedes revertuntur,
Quint. 11, 2, 6.—Of the dwelling of a single person (cf. supra, I. A.): cur (Juppiter) suas Discutit infesto praeclaras fulmine sedes, Lucr. 6, 418:
(Demaratus) in eā civitate domicilium et sedes collocavit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 19, 34:
immissum esse ab eo C. Cornelium, qui me in sedibus meis trucidaret,
id. Sull. 6, 18; id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19:
patrias age desere sedes, i. e. patriam,
Ov. M. 15, 22; cf.:
Aeneam in Siciliam quaerentem sedes delatum,
Liv. 1, 1, 4.—
B.
Esp.
1.
Of the abode of the dead, a burial-place:
ita Augustum in foro potius quam in Campo Martis sede destinatā cremari vellent,
Tac. A. 1, 10:
sedibus ut saltem placidis in morte quiescam,
Verg. A. 6, 371; 6, 152.—
2.
Of the home of the soul, i. e. the body:
prior,
Ov. M. 15, 159:
anima de sede volens Exire,
id. ib. 11, 788. —
C.
In relation to inanimate subjects, that upon which any thing sits fast or rests, a seat, place, spot, base, ground, foundation, bottom, etc.
(α).
Sing.:
hanc urbem (Romam) sedem aliquando et domum summo esse imperio praebituram,
Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; cf. id. Prov. Cons. 14, 34:
rupes caeduntur sedemque trabibus cavatae praebere coguntur,
Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 74; 2, 38, 38, § 102:
superbia in superciliis sedem habet,
id. 11, 37, 51, § 138:
num montes moliri sede suā paramus?
to push from their place, Liv. 9, 3:
Athon Pindumve revulsos Sede suā,
Ov. M. 11, 555:
patriam pulsam sede suā,
Liv. 27, 34; cf.:
voluptas mentem e suā sede et statu demovet,
Cic. Par. 1, 3, 15 (v. also in the foll. b): ita mihi salvam ac sospitem rempublicam sistere in suā sede liceat, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 28; cf.:
deus haec fortasse benigna Reducet in sedem vice,
to its former state, Hor. Epod. 13, 8: Veios an Fidenas sedem belli caperent, the seat or scene of war, Liv. 4, 31; so,
belli (bello),
id. 28, 44, 15; Vell. 2, 74, 3; Tac. H. 1, 65; 3, 32; 3, 8; 2, 19; Suet. Galb. 10 al.:
hilaritatis sedes,
Plin. 11, 37, 77, § 198:
neque verba sedem habere possunt, si rem subtraxeris,
Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 19:
affectus quibusdam videntur in prooemio atque in epilogo sedem habere,
Quint. 6, 1, 51 (cf. in the foll. b):
haec est sedes orationis, etc.,
id. 9, 4, 62:
non ut de sede secundā Cederet aut quartā (iambus),
Hor. A. P. 257:
ut sola ponatur in summi boni sede (voluptas),
Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 37:
nec mens mihi nec color Certā sede manent,
Hor. C. 1, 13, 6.—Of the site on which a city formerly stood:
vetustissima sedes Assyriae,
Tac. A. 12, 13; cf.:
in eā sede, quam Palaetyron ipsi vocant,
Curt. 4, 2, 4.—
(β).
Plur.:
coloni Capuae in sedibus luxuriosis collocati,
Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:
nonnumquam fracta ossa in suis sedibus remanent, etc.... fragmenta in suas sedes reponenda sunt,
Cels. 8, 10:
rursus in antiquas redeunt primordia sedes Ignis,
Lucr. 6, 871; 4, 1041:
dum solidis etiamnum sedibus astas,
on firm ground, Ov. M. 2, 147:
cum mihi ipsa Roma prope convulsa sedibus suis visa est,
Cic. Pis. 22, 52:
turrim convellimus altis Sedibus,
Verg. A. 2, 465:
totamque a sedibus urbem Eruit,
id. ib. 2, 611:
monstrabantur urbium sedes, Lyrnessi et Thebes,
Curt. 3, 4, 10:
haec tot gentium excita sedibus suis moles,
id. 3, 2, 12; cf.:
totum (mare) a sedibus imis Eurusque Notusque ruunt,
Verg. A. 1, 84; Quint. 8, 6, 63; so,
argumentorum,
id. 5, 10, 20 (corresp. to loci); 5, 12, 17.

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