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ephemeral+state

  • 1 ephemeral state

    мат. эфемерное состояние

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > ephemeral state

  • 2 ephemeral state

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ephemeral state

  • 3 ephemeral state

    мат.

    English-Russian scientific dictionary > ephemeral state

  • 4 state

    4) физ. энергетический уровень
    5) государство || государственный
    7) заявлять; утверждать
    8) излагать; констатировать
    •

    reduction to a single-domain state — физ. монодоменизация

    - completely defined state - completely reachable state - state of being curved - state of plane stress

    English-Russian scientific dictionary > state

  • 5 эфемерное состояние

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > эфемерное состояние

  • 6 эфемерное состояние

    мат. ephemeral state

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > эфемерное состояние

  • 7 эфемерное состояние

    Mathematics: ephemeral state

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > эфемерное состояние

  • 8 efímero

    adj.
    1 short-lived, fleeting, brief, fly-by-night.
    2 liable to disappear.
    * * *
    1 ephemeral, brief
    * * *
    (f. - efímera)
    adj.
    ephemeral, short-lived
    * * *
    * * *
    - ra adjetivo ephemeral
    * * *
    = ephemeral, fleeting, volatile, evanescent, short-lived [shortlived], transient, vanishing.
    Ex. Some books had to be rebound, some discarded and replaced on microfilm, and others, of ephemeral interest, received typed paper labels covered with Mylar tape.
    Ex. From time to time librarians do catch a fleeting glimpse of how others see them when some journalist or academic does articulate this widespread phobia.
    Ex. The market is relatively volatile and changes are to be expected.
    Ex. The flamboyance of the earliest modern face proved evanescent, and it was a restrained interpretation of the design, combining elements of both the English and the French modern faces, that prevailed.
    Ex. Many centres were short-lived, so the picture was always in a state of flux.
    Ex. The suppliers of this circulation system recommend that the readers are given numbers and names only, since it will not be cost-effective to store full addresses, particularly with a relatively transient population such as that of a university.
    Ex. Librarians have a great role to play in the systematic collection of such material which constitutes a rich but vanishing source for the study of Nigeria's history.
    ----
    * documentación efímera = fugitive literature.
    * material efímero = ephemera, ephemeral, fugitive material.
    * no efímero = non-volatile [nonvolatile].
    * trabajo de impresión de material efímero = ephemeral jobbing.
    * trabajos de impresión de material efímero = jobbing work.
    * * *
    - ra adjetivo ephemeral
    * * *
    = ephemeral, fleeting, volatile, evanescent, short-lived [shortlived], transient, vanishing.

    Ex: Some books had to be rebound, some discarded and replaced on microfilm, and others, of ephemeral interest, received typed paper labels covered with Mylar tape.

    Ex: From time to time librarians do catch a fleeting glimpse of how others see them when some journalist or academic does articulate this widespread phobia.
    Ex: The market is relatively volatile and changes are to be expected.
    Ex: The flamboyance of the earliest modern face proved evanescent, and it was a restrained interpretation of the design, combining elements of both the English and the French modern faces, that prevailed.
    Ex: Many centres were short-lived, so the picture was always in a state of flux.
    Ex: The suppliers of this circulation system recommend that the readers are given numbers and names only, since it will not be cost-effective to store full addresses, particularly with a relatively transient population such as that of a university.
    Ex: Librarians have a great role to play in the systematic collection of such material which constitutes a rich but vanishing source for the study of Nigeria's history.
    * documentación efímera = fugitive literature.
    * material efímero = ephemera, ephemeral, fugitive material.
    * no efímero = non-volatile [nonvolatile].
    * trabajo de impresión de material efímero = ephemeral jobbing.
    * trabajos de impresión de material efímero = jobbing work.

    * * *
    ephemeral
    * * *

    efímero
    ◊ -ra adjetivo

    ephemeral
    efímero,-a adjetivo ephemeral

    ' efímero' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    efímera
    - transitorio
    English:
    ephemeral
    - fleeting
    - short-lived
    - short
    * * *
    efímero, -a adj
    ephemeral
    * * *
    adj ephemeral, short-lived
    * * *
    efímero, -ra adj
    : ephemeral

    Spanish-English dictionary > efímero

  • 9 fugaz

    adj.
    1 fleeting.
    una visita fugaz a flying visit
    2 fugitive.
    * * *
    ► adjetivo (pl fugaces)
    1 fleeting, brief
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) [momento] fleeting, brief
    2)
    3) (=esquivo) elusive
    * * *
    adjetivo <sonrisa/visión/amor> fleeting; <visita/tregua> brief
    * * *
    = ephemeral, fleeting, meteoric, evanescent, short-lived [shortlived], transient, vanishing, hit-and-run.
    Ex. Some books had to be rebound, some discarded and replaced on microfilm, and others, of ephemeral interest, received typed paper labels covered with Mylar tape.
    Ex. From time to time librarians do catch a fleeting glimpse of how others see them when some journalist or academic does articulate this widespread phobia.
    Ex. This article discusses the serious implications of published research on price comparisons, especially when periodical prices are experiencing a meteoric rise.
    Ex. The flamboyance of the earliest modern face proved evanescent, and it was a restrained interpretation of the design, combining elements of both the English and the French modern faces, that prevailed.
    Ex. Many centres were short-lived, so the picture was always in a state of flux.
    Ex. The suppliers of this circulation system recommend that the readers are given numbers and names only, since it will not be cost-effective to store full addresses, particularly with a relatively transient population such as that of a university.
    Ex. Librarians have a great role to play in the systematic collection of such material which constitutes a rich but vanishing source for the study of Nigeria's history.
    Ex. The recent efforts by Congress to restrict invasions of privacy has many of the hallmarks of the typical Washington hit-and-run approach to legislation.
    ----
    * estrella fugaz = shooting star, falling star.
    * * *
    adjetivo <sonrisa/visión/amor> fleeting; <visita/tregua> brief
    * * *
    = ephemeral, fleeting, meteoric, evanescent, short-lived [shortlived], transient, vanishing, hit-and-run.

    Ex: Some books had to be rebound, some discarded and replaced on microfilm, and others, of ephemeral interest, received typed paper labels covered with Mylar tape.

    Ex: From time to time librarians do catch a fleeting glimpse of how others see them when some journalist or academic does articulate this widespread phobia.
    Ex: This article discusses the serious implications of published research on price comparisons, especially when periodical prices are experiencing a meteoric rise.
    Ex: The flamboyance of the earliest modern face proved evanescent, and it was a restrained interpretation of the design, combining elements of both the English and the French modern faces, that prevailed.
    Ex: Many centres were short-lived, so the picture was always in a state of flux.
    Ex: The suppliers of this circulation system recommend that the readers are given numbers and names only, since it will not be cost-effective to store full addresses, particularly with a relatively transient population such as that of a university.
    Ex: Librarians have a great role to play in the systematic collection of such material which constitutes a rich but vanishing source for the study of Nigeria's history.
    Ex: The recent efforts by Congress to restrict invasions of privacy has many of the hallmarks of the typical Washington hit-and-run approach to legislation.
    * estrella fugaz = shooting star, falling star.

    * * *
    ‹sonrisa/visión/amor› fleeting
    hizo una fugaz visita a Toledo she made a brief o fleeting o flying visit to Toledo
    una fugaz tregua a brief truce
    la belleza es fugaz beauty is transient o ephemeral
    la vida fugaz de una mariposa the brief o ephemeral life of a butterfly
    * * *

    fugaz adjetivo ‹sonrisa/visión/amor› fleeting;
    ‹visita/tregua› brief
    fugaz adjetivo fleeting, brief
    estrella fugaz, shooting star
    ' fugaz' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    escapada
    - estrella
    English:
    fleeting
    - glance
    - glimpse
    - shooting star
    - transient
    * * *
    fugaz adj
    fleeting;
    su alegría fue fugaz her happiness was short-lived;
    una visita fugaz a flying visit
    * * *
    adj fig
    fleeting
    * * *
    fugaz adj, pl fugaces : brief, fleeting
    * * *
    fugaz adj

    Spanish-English dictionary > fugaz

  • 10 transient

    1. n нечто временное, неустойчивое

    transient customers — случайные клиенты; временные клиенты

    2. n амер. разг. временный жилец
    3. n амер. разг. человек, перемещающийся в поисках работы; безработный бродяга
    4. n спец. неустановившийся режим, переходный процесс
    5. n спец. внезапный подъём, подскок
    6. n спец. спец. транзиент, промежуточный продукт или промежуточное состояние
    7. a преходящий; кратковременный; мимолётный, скоротечный
    8. a неустановившийся; изменяемый; переменный
    9. a спец. переходный, нестационарный
    10. a перемещающийся
    11. a мигрирующий
    12. a переходящий
    13. a случайный, временный
    14. a амер. разг. предназначенный для случайных посетителей
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. ephemeral (adj.) brief; ephemeral; evanescent; fleeting; fugacious; fugitive; impermanent; migratory; momentaneous; momentary; passing; short-lived; temporary; transitory; volatile
    2. migrant (adj.) migrant; short term
    3. wandering (adj.) itinerant; nomadic; peripatetic; vagabond; vagrant; wandering
    4. drifter (noun) drifter; runaway; vagabond; wanderer
    5. visitor (noun) guest; tourist; traveler; traveller; visitor
    Антонимический ряд:
    ceaseless; chronic; deathless; durable; enduring; eternal; everlasting; homebody; immortal; imperishable; incessant; interminable; lasting; permanent; perpetual; settled

    English-Russian base dictionary > transient

  • 11 Chronology

      15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.
      400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.
      202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.
      137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.
      410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.
      714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.
      1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.
      1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.
      1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.
      1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.
      1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).
      1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.
      1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.
      1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.
      1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.
      1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.
      1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.
      1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.
      1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.
      1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.
      1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.
      1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.
      1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.
      1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.
      1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.
      1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.
      1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.
      1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).
      1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.
      1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.
      1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.
      1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.
       King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.
       King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.
      1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.
      1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.
      1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.
       Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.
       Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.
       Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.
      1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.
      1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.
      1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.
      1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.
      1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.
      1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.
      1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.
      1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.
      1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.
      1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.
      1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.
      1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.
      1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.
      1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.
      1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.
      1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.
      1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.
      1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.
      1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.
      1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.
      1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.
      1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.
      1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.
      1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.
      1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.
       Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.
       King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.
      1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of
       Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.
       Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.
       King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.
      1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.
      1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.
      1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.
      1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.
      1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.
      1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.
       January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.
       Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.
      1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.
      1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.
      1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.
      1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.
      1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.
       May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.
       March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.
       Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.
      1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.
      1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January
      1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.
      1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."
       28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.
       February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.
       April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.
      1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.
      1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."
      1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.
       6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.
       8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.
      1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.
      1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.
      1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
       January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.
      1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.
      1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.
      1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.
       March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.
       March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.
      1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July
      1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.
      1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).
      1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.
      1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.
       January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.
       January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.
       November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.
       October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.
       January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.
       May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.
       October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.
       January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).
       United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.
       January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.
       1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
       May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.
       June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.
       February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.
       January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.
       July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.
      2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology

  • 12 stream

    1. поток; ручей; река 2. русло 3. течение 4. поток талой воды 5. ледяной поток, ледяная река
    adjusted stream приспособившаяся река
    adventitious stream побочная река
    aggrading stream река, отлагающая наносы
    allochthonous stream аллохтонный поток (подземный поток, текущий в заимствованном русле)
    anaclinal stream анаклинальный поток (текущий в направлении, противоположном общему падению слоев)
    anastomosing stream разветвлённая река
    antecedent stream антецедентный поток (сохранивший своё первоначальное направление течения несмотря на происходившие геологические деформации)
    anticonsequent stream антиконсеквентный поток
    antidip stream поток, текущий в направлении, противоположном общему падению слоев
    artificial stream искусственный поток
    autochthonous stream автохтонный поток (текущий по своему первоначальному руслу)
    autoconsequent stream автоконсеквентный поток (направление течения которого обусловлено склонами, сложенными материалом, отложенным этим потоком)
    autogenous stream автогенетический поток (определяемый только условиями рельефа)
    axial stream осевой поток (1. главный поток межгорной долины 2. водоток вдоль оси синклинали или антиклинали)
    beaded stream чётковидный поток
    beheaded stream обезглавленный поток
    block [boulder] stream каменный поток, курум
    braided stream разветвлённая река
    broken stream река с периодическим стоком
    captor stream река-перехватчик
    captured stream перехваченная река
    capturing stream река-перехватчик
    chalk stream река, текущая в меловых породах или прорезающая их
    commensal ice stream ледник-приток, питаемый одним источником с основным ледником
    complex stream сложная река (вступившая во второй или более поздний цикл эрозии)
    composite stream составная река (дренирующая площади с разнообразным геоморфологическим строением)
    consequent stream консеквентный поток
    continuous stream непрерывный поток
    copious stream глубокий поток
    corrading stream денудирующий поток (врезающийся в собственные осадки)
    defeated stream нарушенный поток (изменивший направление в связи с тектоническим поднятием)
    degrading stream деградирующая река
    dip stream консеквентный поток
    direct alluvial stream меандрирующий поток
    dissappearing stream исчезнувший поток
    dismembered stream отторгнутый поток
    diverted stream захваченный поток (напр. обезглавленная река)
    diverting stream захватывающий поток
    double-line stream изображение реки двумя линиями (на карте)
    downcutting stream врезающийся поток
    drowned stream затопленная река
    effluent stream 1. поток, питаемый грунтовыми водами 2. вытекающий поток
    englacial stream внутриледниковый поток
    engrafted stream приращённая река (образовавшаяся в результате слияния вод нескольких ранее изолированных рек до впадения в море)
    ephemeral stream временный поток
    epigenetic stream эпигенетический поток
    exotic stream экзотический поток
    extended stream удлинившийся поток
    fiorded stream затопленная река
    flashy stream горный поток
    flooded stream затопленная река
    gaining stream поток, питаемый грунтовыми водами
    glacial stream ледниковый поток (поток воды, питаемый тающим ледником)
    graded stream 1. поток, достигший профиля равновесия 2. река, характеризующаяся отсутствием водопадов и порогов
    heterogeneous stream гетерогенный поток
    homogeneous stream гомогенный поток
    ice stream ледяной поток, ледяная река
    ice-covered stream поток под ледяным покровом
    inconsequent stream неконсеквентный поток
    indefinite consequent stream неустановившийся консеквентный поток
    indigenous stream река, от истоков до устья находящаяся в пределах своего водосборного бассейна
    infant stream молодой поток
    influent stream питающий поток
    ingrafted stream приращённая река (образовавшаяся при слиянии нескольких рек до их впадения в море)
    inherited stream унаследованный поток
    inherited consequent stream унаследованный консеквентный поток
    inset ice stream втекающий ледяной поток
    insulated stream водоток, не связанный с подземными водами
    interlobular stream периферический поток (параллельный краю ледника)
    intermittent stream река с периодическим стоком; пересыхающая река
    interrupted stream прерывистый поток (состоящий из отрезков с постоянным и с периодически пересыхающим водотоками)
    intersequent stream интерсеквентная река (текущая консеквентно в понижении между краями конусов выноса)
    intrenched stream врезанная река (меандрирующая, текущая в узкой долине)
    inverted stream 1. обращенная река (обезглавленная река, сток которой оказался направленным к реке-перехватчику) 2. обсеквентная река
    juxtaposed ice stream наложенный ледяной поток
    lacustrine overflow stream поток озёрного переливания
    lateral stream боковой поток (напр. водный, лавовый)
    lateral consequent stream боковой консеквентный поток
    lava stream лавовый поток, излияние лавы
    live stream непересыхающая река
    loaded stream нагруженный поток
    longitudinal stream продольный поток (субсеквентный поток, который течёт по направлению простирания подстилающих отложений)
    longitudinal consequent stream продольный консеквентный поток (в частности, поток, текущий по синклинальному прогибу)
    losing stream питающий поток
    lost stream 1. исчезнувшая река 2. высохший поток (в засушливом районе)
    main [master] stream основной поток; главная река
    meandering stream меандрирующая река; меандрирующий поток
    natural stream естественный поток
    obsequent stream обсеквентный поток
    obstructed stream перегороженный поток
    offset stream смещённая река
    old stream древняя река
    original stream консеквентный поток
    overburdened stream перегруженный переносимым материалом поток
    overfit stream расширенная река
    overflow stream 1. поток, несущий воду вышедшей из берегов реки 2. сток из озера
    overloaded stream поток, перегруженный переносимым материалом
    pack ice stream поток пакового льда
    palingenetic stream оживлённая река (которая после кратковременного затопления вновь течёт по прежнему руслу)
    perched stream подвешенная (относительно уровня грунтовых вод) река
    perennial stream непересыхающая река
    peripheral stream периферический поток
    permanent stream постоянная река; постоянный поток
    pirate stream река-перехватчик
    pirated stream перехваченная река
    poised stream устойчивый поток (1. не эродирующий и не отлагающий осадков 2. обладающий стабильностью с инженерной точки зрения)
    postobsequent stream постобсеквентный поток
    profluent stream многоводная река; спокойная река
    ravine stream поток с небольшим понижением между стремнинами
    recessional stream отступающая река
    regrading stream реградирующая река (которая одновременно намывает отложения и врезается в них в различных участках русла)
    rejuvenated stream омоложенная река
    renewed consequent [resequent] stream ресеквентная река
    resurrected stream см. palingenetic stream
    reversional consequent stream ресеквентная река
    revived stream омоложенная река
    right-angled stream приток, перпендикулярный к основному руслу
    rock stream каменный поток, курум
    sand stream песчаный поток (небольшая песчаная дельта в устье оврага или скопление песка вдоль ложа небольшой речки, возникшие в результате ливня)
    scarp stream река, текущая по уступу
    sea-captured stream река, перехваченная морем
    seasonal stream сезонный поток
    self-grown stream саморазрастающаяся (ветвящаяся в верховьях) река
    side stream приток (реки)
    simple stream простая река
    single-line stream река, изображаемая на карте одной линией
    snaking stream извилистая река; меандрирующая река
    snow-fed stream река снегового питания
    solifluction stream солифлюкционный поток
    spill stream поток, несущий воду вышедшей из берегов реки
    split stream 1. река, изображаемая на карте одной линией, но огибающая с двух сторон остров, делящий поток на два русла 2. река, изображаемая на карте одной линией, но разделяющаяся на две ветви, относящиеся к различным водосборным площадям
    spring stream водоток родникового питания
    spring-fed intermittent stream непостоянный водоток родникового питания
    steady-state stream выровненный поток, достигший профиля равновесия
    stem stream основной поток; главная река
    stone stream каменная река, курум
    strike stream согласная река (текущая по простиранию подстилающих слоев)
    subglacial stream подледниковый поток
    subimposed stream подземный водоток, ставший поверхностным (напр. в результате обрушения кровли пещеры)
    submarginal stream субмаргинальный поток (образованный талыми водами ледника)
    subsequent stream субсеквентный поток
    subsurface perched stream подповерхностная подвешенная (относительно уровня грунтовых вод) река
    subterranean stream подземный водоток
    suicidal stream самоотмирающая река
    sunken stream см. lost stream
    superglacial stream надледниковый поток
    superimposed stream наложенный поток
    superimposed ice stream поток наложенного льда (напр. лёд, принесённый ледником-притоком и лежащий на поверхности более крупного ледника)
    superinduced stream наложенный поток
    surface-fed intermittent stream непостоянный водоток, питающийся поверхностными водами
    temporary stream временный поток; пересыхающая река
    tidal stream 1. приливно-отливная река 2. приливное течение
    torrential stream бурный поток
    tributary stream приток (реки)
    trunk stream основной поток; главная река
    underfit stream река, не соответствующая выработанной долине, умирающая река
    underground stream подземный поток
    underloaded stream недогруженный поток
    unilateral stream односторонняя река (в которую притоки впадают только с одной стороны)
    unobstructed stream свободно текущая река
    waste stream обломочный поток (состоящий из обломков горных пород и воды и текущий к морю или к бессточным бассейнам пустынь)
    water-table stream поток грунтовых вод
    yazoo stream язу (приток, на значительном расстоянии текущий параллельно главной реке до места впадения в неё)
    * * *

    English-Russian dictionary of geology > stream

  • 13 monopoly

    n
    1) монополия; исключительное право
    2) монополия; монополистическое объединение

    - absolute monopoly
    - accidental monopoly
    - alcohol monopoly
    - allround monopoly
    - banking monopoly
    - bilateral monopoly
    - buyers' monopoly
    - commercial monopoly
    - complete monopoly
    - consolidated monopoly
    - currency monopoly
    - discriminating monopoly
    - ephemeral monopoly
    - export monopoly
    - financial monopoly
    - fiscal monopoly
    - foreign exchange monopoly
    - foreign trade monopoly
    - government monopoly
    - group monopoly
    - import monopoly
    - industrial monopoly
    - institutional monopoly
    - international monopoly
    - isolated monopoly
    - land monopoly
    - legal monopoly
    - multinational monopoly
    - natural monopoly
    - new-product monopoly
    - partial monopoly
    - patent monopoly
    - perfect monopoly
    - private monopoly
    - public monopoly
    - public consumption monopoly
    - pure monopoly
    - regulated monopoly
    - sales monopoly
    - seller's monopoly
    - shared monopoly
    - single-firm monopoly
    - state monopoly
    - technological monopoly
    - temporary monopoly
    - trade monopoly
    - monopoly of issuing money
    - monopoly of location
    - grant a monopoly
    - have a monopoly
    - hold a monopoly

    English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > monopoly

  • 14 monopoly

    1) монополия; исключительное право
    2) монополия; монополистическое объединение
    •

    English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > monopoly

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