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61 ставка вознаграждения по депозиту
Banking: rate of return on a deposit (англ. термин взят из: Martin Cihak, Heiko Hesse. Islamic Banks and Financial Stability: An Empirical Analysis // IMF Working Paper. - No. 08/16.)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > ставка вознаграждения по депозиту
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62 ставка вознаграждения по финансовым
General subject: rate of return on financial assets (англ. термин взят из: Martin Cihak, Heiko Hesse. Islamic Banks and Financial Stability: An Empirical Analysis // IMF Working Paper. - No. 08/16)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > ставка вознаграждения по финансовым
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63 техника хеджирования рисков
Finances: risk-hedging technique (англ. термин взят из: Martin Cihak, Heiko Hesse. Islamic Banks and Financial Stability: An Empirical Analysis // IMF Working Paper. - No. 08/16)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > техника хеджирования рисков
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64 финансовые результа
General subject: bank's lending performance (англ. термин взят из: Martin Cihak, Heiko Hesse. Islamic Banks and Financial Stability: An Empirical Analysis // IMF Working Paper. - No. 08/16; контекстуальный перевод)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > финансовые результа
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65 эмпирический анализ
Economy: empirical analysisУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > эмпирический анализ
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66 эмпирический анализ фотоэлектронного спектра
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > эмпирический анализ фотоэлектронного спектра
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67 mundo de los medios de comunicación, el
(n.) = mediascape, theEx. The empirical analysis revealed that the Internet is quite rapidly occupying its place in the mediascape = El análisis empírico reveló que Internet está rápidamente ocupando su lugar en el mundo de los medios de comunicación.Spanish-English dictionary > mundo de los medios de comunicación, el
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68 empirisk analyse
(empirisk empirisk analyse) empirical analysis -
69 mundo de los medios de comunicación
el mundo de los medios de comunicación(n.) = mediascape, theEx: The empirical analysis revealed that the Internet is quite rapidly occupying its place in the mediascape = El análisis empírico reveló que Internet está rápidamente ocupando su lugar en el mundo de los medios de comunicación.
Spanish-English dictionary > mundo de los medios de comunicación
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70 empirische Analyse
fempirical analysis -
71 Logical Positivism
There have been many opponents of metaphysics from the Greek sceptics to the empiricists of the nineteenth century. Criticisms of very diverse kinds have been set forth. Many have declared that the doctrine of metaphysics is false, since it contradicts our empirical knowledge. Others have believed it to be uncertain, on the ground that its problems transcend the limits of human knowledge. Many anti-metaphysicians have declared that occupation with metaphysical questions is sterile. Whether or not these questions can be answered, it is at any rate unnecessary to worry about them; let us devote ourselves entirely to the practical tasks which confront active men every day of their lives!The development of modern logic has made it possible to give a new and sharper answer to the question of the validity and justification of metaphysics. The researchers of applied logic or the theory of knowledge, which aim at clarifying the cognitive content of scientific statements and thereby the meanings of the terms that occur in the statements, by means of logical analysis, lead to a positive and to a negative result. The positive result is worked out in the domain of empirical science; the various concepts of the various branches of science are clarified; their formal, logical and epistemological connections are made explicit.In the domain of metaphysics, including all philosophy of value and normative theory, logical analysis yields the negative result that the al leged statements in this domain are entirely meaningless. Therewith a radical elimination of metaphysics is attained, which was not yet possible from the earlier anti-metaphysical standpoints. (Carnap, 1959, p. 60)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Logical Positivism
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72 Knowledge
It is indeed an opinion strangely prevailing amongst men, that houses, mountains, rivers, and, in a word, all sensible objects, have an existence, natural or real, distinct from their being perceived by the understanding. But, with how great an assurance and acquiescence soever this principle may be entertained in the world, yet whoever shall find in his heart to call it into question may, if I mistake not, perceive it to involve a manifest contradiction. For, what are the forementioned objects but things we perceive by sense? and what do we perceive besides our own ideas or sensations? and is it not plainly repugnant that any one of these, or any combination of them, should exist unperceived? (Berkeley, 1996, Pt. I, No. 4, p. 25)It seems to me that the only objects of the abstract sciences or of demonstration are quantity and number, and that all attempts to extend this more perfect species of knowledge beyond these bounds are mere sophistry and illusion. As the component parts of quantity and number are entirely similar, their relations become intricate and involved; and nothing can be more curious, as well as useful, than to trace, by a variety of mediums, their equality or inequality, through their different appearances.But as all other ideas are clearly distinct and different from each other, we can never advance farther, by our utmost scrutiny, than to observe this diversity, and, by an obvious reflection, pronounce one thing not to be another. Or if there be any difficulty in these decisions, it proceeds entirely from the undeterminate meaning of words, which is corrected by juster definitions. That the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the squares of the other two sides cannot be known, let the terms be ever so exactly defined, without a train of reasoning and enquiry. But to convince us of this proposition, that where there is no property, there can be no injustice, it is only necessary to define the terms, and explain injustice to be a violation of property. This proposition is, indeed, nothing but a more imperfect definition. It is the same case with all those pretended syllogistical reasonings, which may be found in every other branch of learning, except the sciences of quantity and number; and these may safely, I think, be pronounced the only proper objects of knowledge and demonstration. (Hume, 1975, Sec. 12, Pt. 3, pp. 163-165)Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts).Through the first, an object is given to us; through the second, the object is thought in relation to that representation.... Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge, so that neither concepts without intuition in some way corresponding to them, nor intuition without concepts, can yield knowledge. Both may be either pure or empirical.... Pure intuitions or pure concepts are possible only a priori; empirical intuitions and empirical concepts only a posteriori. If the receptivity of our mind, its power of receiving representations in so far as it is in any way affected, is to be called "sensibility," then the mind's power of producing representations from itself, the spontaneity of knowledge, should be called "understanding." Our nature is so constituted that our intuitions can never be other than sensible; that is, it contains only the mode in which we are affected by objects. The faculty, on the other hand, which enables us to think the object of sensible intuition is the understanding.... Without sensibility, no object would be given to us; without understanding, no object would be thought. Thoughts without content are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind. It is therefore just as necessary to make our concepts sensible, that is, to add the object to them in intuition, as to make our intuitions intelligible, that is to bring them under concepts. These two powers or capacities cannot exchange their functions. The understanding can intuit nothing, the senses can think nothing. Only through their union can knowledge arise. (Kant, 1933, Sec. 1, Pt. 2, B74-75 [p. 92])Metaphysics, as a natural disposition of Reason is real, but it is also, in itself, dialectical and deceptive.... Hence to attempt to draw our principles from it, and in their employment to follow this natural but none the less fallacious illusion can never produce science, but only an empty dialectical art, in which one school may indeed outdo the other, but none can ever attain a justifiable and lasting success. In order that, as a science, it may lay claim not merely to deceptive persuasion, but to insight and conviction, a Critique of Reason must exhibit in a complete system the whole stock of conceptions a priori, arranged according to their different sources-the Sensibility, the understanding, and the Reason; it must present a complete table of these conceptions, together with their analysis and all that can be deduced from them, but more especially the possibility of synthetic knowledge a priori by means of their deduction, the principles of its use, and finally, its boundaries....This much is certain: he who has once tried criticism will be sickened for ever of all the dogmatic trash he was compelled to content himself with before, because his Reason, requiring something, could find nothing better for its occupation. Criticism stands to the ordinary school metaphysics exactly in the same relation as chemistry to alchemy, or as astron omy to fortune-telling astrology. I guarantee that no one who has comprehended and thought out the conclusions of criticism, even in these Prolegomena, will ever return to the old sophistical pseudo-science. He will rather look forward with a kind of pleasure to a metaphysics, certainly now within his power, which requires no more preparatory discoveries, and which alone can procure for reason permanent satisfaction. (Kant, 1891, pp. 115-116)Knowledge is only real and can only be set forth fully in the form of science, in the form of system. Further, a so-called fundamental proposition or first principle of philosophy, even if it is true, it is yet none the less false, just because and in so far as it is merely a fundamental proposition, merely a first principle. It is for that reason easily refuted. The refutation consists in bringing out its defective character; and it is defective because it is merely the universal, merely a principle, the beginning. If the refutation is complete and thorough, it is derived and developed from the nature of the principle itself, and not accomplished by bringing in from elsewhere other counter-assurances and chance fancies. It would be strictly the development of the principle, and thus the completion of its deficiency, were it not that it misunderstands its own purport by taking account solely of the negative aspect of what it seeks to do, and is not conscious of the positive character of its process and result. The really positive working out of the beginning is at the same time just as much the very reverse: it is a negative attitude towards the principle we start from. Negative, that is to say, in its one-sided form, which consists in being primarily immediate, a mere purpose. It may therefore be regarded as a refutation of what constitutes the basis of the system; but more correctly it should be looked at as a demonstration that the basis or principle of the system is in point of fact merely its beginning. (Hegel, 1910, pp. 21-22)Knowledge, action, and evaluation are essentially connected. The primary and pervasive significance of knowledge lies in its guidance of action: knowing is for the sake of doing. And action, obviously, is rooted in evaluation. For a being which did not assign comparative values, deliberate action would be pointless; and for one which did not know, it would be impossible. Conversely, only an active being could have knowledge, and only such a being could assign values to anything beyond his own feelings. A creature which did not enter into the process of reality to alter in some part the future content of it, could apprehend a world only in the sense of intuitive or esthetic contemplation; and such contemplation would not possess the significance of knowledge but only that of enjoying and suffering. (Lewis, 1946, p. 1)"Evolutionary epistemology" is a branch of scholarship that applies the evolutionary perspective to an understanding of how knowledge develops. Knowledge always involves getting information. The most primitive way of acquiring it is through the sense of touch: amoebas and other simple organisms know what happens around them only if they can feel it with their "skins." The knowledge such an organism can have is strictly about what is in its immediate vicinity. After a huge jump in evolution, organisms learned to find out what was going on at a distance from them, without having to actually feel the environment. This jump involved the development of sense organs for processing information that was farther away. For a long time, the most important sources of knowledge were the nose, the eyes, and the ears. The next big advance occurred when organisms developed memory. Now information no longer needed to be present at all, and the animal could recall events and outcomes that happened in the past. Each one of these steps in the evolution of knowledge added important survival advantages to the species that was equipped to use it.Then, with the appearance in evolution of humans, an entirely new way of acquiring information developed. Up to this point, the processing of information was entirely intrasomatic.... But when speech appeared (and even more powerfully with the invention of writing), information processing became extrasomatic. After that point knowledge did not have to be stored in the genes, or in the memory traces of the brain; it could be passed on from one person to another through words, or it could be written down and stored on a permanent substance like stone, paper, or silicon chips-in any case, outside the fragile and impermanent nervous system. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1993, pp. 56-57)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Knowledge
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73 технико-экономический анализ
1) Engineering: technical and economic analysis2) Economy: empiric study, empirical study, engineering-economic analysis3) Accounting: engineering economy study4) Mechanics: value engineering5) Automation: cost-effectiveness analysis, technoeconomic study6) Robots: techno-economic study7) Makarov: technical-economical analysisУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > технико-экономический анализ
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74 расчёт
( обычно проверочный) analysis, calculation, computation, computing, design, designing, valuation* * *расчё́т м.1. ( в различных значениях) account, considerationпринима́ть в расчё́т — take into consideration, take into account2. ( вычисления) calculation(s), computation(s)3. (определение условий прочности, жёсткости и т. п., особ. аналитическими методами) analysis4. ( конструирование) designво мно́гих слу́чаях расчё́т осно́ван на эмпири́ческих фо́рмулах — in many cases, design is based on empirical formulasаэродинами́ческий расчё́т — aerodynamic analysis; aerodynamic designрасчё́т вре́мени — timingрасчё́т на про́чность — strength analysisрасчё́т по преде́льной нагру́зке — ultimate load designприближё́нный расчё́т — approximate calculationрасчё́т с запа́сом — overdesignрасчё́т систе́мы вы́поров литейн. — riseringрасчё́т с по́мощью ЭВМ — computer-aided designрасчё́т схе́мы — circuit designрасчё́т це́пи — circuit design -
75 Creativity
Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with DisorderEven to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)[P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity
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76 model
1) макет; модель || моделировать2) образец4) модель, тип ( изделия)5) шаблон•- countably saturated model - countably uniform model - coupled channels model - finite state model - finitely generated model - game-theory model - random trial increment model - random walk model - sampling model -
77 probit
пробит probit regression line ≈ кривая регрессии, построенная методом пробитов - corrected probit - empirical probit - expected probit - probit analysis - probit method - probit solution - working probit (статистика) пробит -
78 variance
ˈvɛərɪəns сущ.
1) разногласие;
размолвка;
спор, конфликт to set at variance ≈ вызывать конфликт, приводить к столкновению;
ссорить be at variance Syn: tiff, quarrel
2) изменение, колебание
3) несоответствие, несходство, различие, расхождение Syn: discrepancy, disparity
4) биол. отклонение от вида, типа изменение;
колебание - *s in temperature колебания температуры - fortune's * изменчивость судьбы часто (юридическое) расхождение, несоответствие;
противоречие( в показаниях и т. п.) - to be at * расходиться во мнениях, не соглашаться - historians are at * on this point мнения историков по этому вопросу расходятся противоречить, не совпадать - the witnesses are at * показания свидетелей расходятся - the theory is at * with all that is known on the subject эта теория идет вразрез со всем, что известно по этому предмету разногласие;
спор;
конфликт;
ссора - at * в ссоре - family at * недружная семья - states of at * государства, между которыми возник конфликт - to set at * ссорить, вызывать конфликт - I have had a slight * with him у меня с ним произошла размолвка (биология) отклонение от вида, типа (специальное) степень свободы (статистика) дисперсия;
среднее отклонение - analysis of * дисперсионный анализ accidental ~ случайная дисперсия asymptotic ~ асимптотическое значение дисперсии asymptotical ~ асимптотическое значение дисперсии at ~ with в противоречии с average ~ средняя дисперсия to be at ~ быть в ссоре;
to set at variance вызывать конфликт, приводить к столкновению;
ссорить to be at ~ расходиться во мнениях;
находиться в противоречии bounded ~ ограниченная дисперсия conditional ~ условная дисперсия cost ~ отклонения от нормативных затрат cost-centre ~ отклонение от нормативных затрат empiric ~ эмпирическая дисперсия empirical ~ эмпирическая дисперсия error ~ дисперсия ошибки estimated ~ оценка дисперсии generalized ~ обобщенная дисперсия internal ~ внутренняя дисперсия labour efficiency ~ колебание производительности труда limiting ~ предельная дисперсия material price ~ разность цен на материалы minimum ~ наименьшая дисперсия negative volume ~ уменьшение объема overhead ~ отклонение накладных расходов от норматива posteriori ~ апостериорная дисперсия quantity ~ дисперсия количества relative ~ относительная дисперсия residual ~ остаточная дисперсия sample ~ выборочная дисперсия total ~ полная дисперсия true ~ истинная дисперсия unbounded ~ неограниченная дисперсия unfavourable volume ~ снижение объема производства unit ~ единичная дисперсия universe ~ дисперсия генеральной совокупности variance стат. дисперсия ~ дисперсия ~ изменение ~ изменчивость ~ несоответствие ~ отклонение ~ биол. отклонение от вида, типа ~ противоречие в показаниях ~ разница ~ разногласие;
размолвка ~ разногласие ~ рассеяние ~ расхождение, несоответствие ~ расхождение ~ среднее отклонение ~ ссора ~ about a mean дисперсия относительно средней ~ about regression дисперсия относительно регрессии ~ about the mean дисперсия относительно средней ~ of event times дисперсия времени наступления события zero ~ нулевая дисперсияБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > variance
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79 curve
- curve
- n1. кривая; график
2. лекало
3. изгиб; закругление; кривизна
- curve of maximum bending moments
- curve of maximum moments
- ageing curve
- apparent-resistivity curve
- area curve
- area-volume curve
- averaged curve
- backwater curve
- bending curve
- bending failure curve
- bending moment curve
- bilinear elastic-strain hardening curve
- bilinear elastic strain-hardening stress strain curve
- blind curve
- Bolomey's curves
- braking curve
- bulking curve
- calibration curve
- capacity curve
- casting curve
- catenary curve
- characteristic curve
- circular curve
- closed curve
- column curve
- compaction curve
- compound curve
- consolidation-test curve
- constant-radius curve
- consumption curve
- contour curve
- cost curve
- counter curve
- creep curve
- cubic curve
- cumulation volume curve
- decrement curve
- deflection curve
- deformation curve
- depletion curve
- depression curve
- depth curve
- depth-velocity curve
- discharge curve
- discharge mass curve
- discharge-rating curve
- dispersion curve
- displacement-time curve
- distribution curve
- drawdown curve
- drawing curve
- drop-down curve
- duration curve
- easement curve
- elastic curve
- empirical curve
- envelope curve
- expansion curve
- fan performance curve
- fatigue curve
- fee curve
- flat curve
- flexure curve
- flood-frequency curve
- flow curve
- flow-duration curve
- flow mass curve
- frequency curve
- Fuller's curve
- funicular curve
- gauge correlation curve
- gradation curve
- graduated transition curve
- grain-size accumulation curve
- groundwater storage curve
- hairpin curve
- hardening curve
- head-capacity curve
- heating curve
- helical curve
- horizontal curve
- ideal grading curve
- integral flow curve
- integrated curve
- intrinsic curve
- load curve
- load-deformation curve
- load-extension curve
- load-transfer curve
- mass curve
- mass curve of rainfall
- mass-haul curve
- meridional curve
- Mohr's enveloping curve
- moment curve
- Moody curve
- NC curves
- noise criteria curves
- ogee curve
- open curve
- particle-size accumulator curve
- particle-size distribution curve
- payload-range curve
- performance curve
- plane curve
- population curve
- pressure-void ratio curve
- probability curve
- Proctor moisture density curve
- Proctor curve
- pull rise curve
- pump curve
- rating curve
- rebound curve
- recession curve
- recompression curve
- reloading curve
- representative curve
- reverse curve
- reverse loop curve
- S curve
- sag curve
- saturation curve
- second-order curve
- short-term stress-strain curve
- sieve analysis curve
- sine curve
- smooth curve
- space curve
- stage discharge curve
- storage curve
- stress-strain curve
- system head curve
- temperature curve
- test curve
- tight curve
- time curve
- time-deformation curve
- torque curve
- transition curve
- travel-time curve
- true stress-strain curve
- vertical curve
- vertical velocity curve
- virgin curve
- volume curve
- wear curve
- whiplash curve
- Wöhler curve
- zero air voids curve
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык. С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова. 1995.
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80 a posteriori
1. прил.1) мет., лат. апостериорный, опытный, эмпирический (о знании, которое получено из опыта, а не в результате теоретических рассуждений)a posteriori probabilities — вероятности, рассчитанные опытным путем
2) общ., лат. (имеющий место после какого-л. события)Ant:invisible balance, balance of trade, visible import, visible export, visible trade, balance of payments2. нареч.1) мет., лат. по опыту, из опыта, эмпирическиThese a posteriori or “after the fact” probabilities can be determined from Bayes' theorem.
Syn:2) общ., лат. после, постфактумWe must react a posteriori to events we cannot directly control. — Мы должны реагировать постфактум на события, которые мы не можем непосредственного контролировать.
Ant:
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