-
1 κύων
Grammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `dog, female dog' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. kunaketa \/kuāgetās\/.Compounds: Several compp., e.g. κυν-ηγέτης, Dor. -ᾱγέτας, -ᾱγός "leader of dogs", `hunter' (ι 120;); Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. gr. 83ff.; ἀπό-κυνον "dog-death", plant-name, `Marsdenia erecta' (Dsc., Gal.); Strömberg Pflanzennamen 65; cf. p. 143; on κυνά-μυια s. v.Derivatives: Diminut. κυν-ίσκος (Hdt.), - ίσκη (Ar.), - ίδιον, - άριον (Att.); κυνώ f. `female dog', also as PN (Hdt.); κυνέη `dogs fleece' (Anaxandr.), `cap, helmet', orig. from dogs fleece, then from diff. materials ( αἰγείη, χαλκέη etc.; Schwyzer 37, Trümpy Fachausdrücke 40 ff.); κυνάς f. `belonging to a dog, dogs hair etc.' (Theoc.); κύνειος, - εος `belonging to a dog' (Ar.), `unshamed' (Il.), κυνικός `doglike, cynical' (X., Men.), κυνώδης `dog-like' (Arist.); comp. a. sup. κύντερος, - ον, - τατος `shamelesser, impertinent' (Schwyzer 536, Schw.-Debrunner 176); adv. κυνηδόν `as a dog' (S., Ar.); κυνίζω "play the dog", i.e. `live as a cynic' with κυνισμός ( Stoic.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [632] *ḱuōn `dog'Etymology: Old name of an old domestic animal, preserved in most IE. languages, partly with the old inflexion, e.g. κύων = Skt. śuvā́, Lith. šuõ, κυνός = śúnas, šuñs etc. (Gr. accent old), IE. *ḱ́u̯ō(n), *ḱun-ós (-és) etc. Note Arm. šun \< *ḱu̯ō̆n; unclear Lat. canis. Further forms in Bq, Pok. 632f., W.-Hofmann s. canis; on the inflexion s. Schwyzer 568, Wackernagel Ai. Gramm. 3, 278 f. Here also Hier. Hitt. śuwana- `dog(?)'? - Cf. also Κανδαύλης.Page in Frisk: 2,58-59Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κύων
-
2 κυνός
Grammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `dog, female dog' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. kunaketa \/kuāgetās\/.Compounds: Several compp., e.g. κυν-ηγέτης, Dor. -ᾱγέτας, -ᾱγός "leader of dogs", `hunter' (ι 120;); Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. gr. 83ff.; ἀπό-κυνον "dog-death", plant-name, `Marsdenia erecta' (Dsc., Gal.); Strömberg Pflanzennamen 65; cf. p. 143; on κυνά-μυια s. v.Derivatives: Diminut. κυν-ίσκος (Hdt.), - ίσκη (Ar.), - ίδιον, - άριον (Att.); κυνώ f. `female dog', also as PN (Hdt.); κυνέη `dogs fleece' (Anaxandr.), `cap, helmet', orig. from dogs fleece, then from diff. materials ( αἰγείη, χαλκέη etc.; Schwyzer 37, Trümpy Fachausdrücke 40 ff.); κυνάς f. `belonging to a dog, dogs hair etc.' (Theoc.); κύνειος, - εος `belonging to a dog' (Ar.), `unshamed' (Il.), κυνικός `doglike, cynical' (X., Men.), κυνώδης `dog-like' (Arist.); comp. a. sup. κύντερος, - ον, - τατος `shamelesser, impertinent' (Schwyzer 536, Schw.-Debrunner 176); adv. κυνηδόν `as a dog' (S., Ar.); κυνίζω "play the dog", i.e. `live as a cynic' with κυνισμός ( Stoic.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [632] *ḱuōn `dog'Etymology: Old name of an old domestic animal, preserved in most IE. languages, partly with the old inflexion, e.g. κύων = Skt. śuvā́, Lith. šuõ, κυνός = śúnas, šuñs etc. (Gr. accent old), IE. *ḱ́u̯ō(n), *ḱun-ós (-és) etc. Note Arm. šun \< *ḱu̯ō̆n; unclear Lat. canis. Further forms in Bq, Pok. 632f., W.-Hofmann s. canis; on the inflexion s. Schwyzer 568, Wackernagel Ai. Gramm. 3, 278 f. Here also Hier. Hitt. śuwana- `dog(?)'? - Cf. also Κανδαύλης.Page in Frisk: 2,58-59Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κυνός
-
3 κύνα
Grammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `dog, female dog' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. kunaketa \/kuāgetās\/.Compounds: Several compp., e.g. κυν-ηγέτης, Dor. -ᾱγέτας, -ᾱγός "leader of dogs", `hunter' (ι 120;); Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. gr. 83ff.; ἀπό-κυνον "dog-death", plant-name, `Marsdenia erecta' (Dsc., Gal.); Strömberg Pflanzennamen 65; cf. p. 143; on κυνά-μυια s. v.Derivatives: Diminut. κυν-ίσκος (Hdt.), - ίσκη (Ar.), - ίδιον, - άριον (Att.); κυνώ f. `female dog', also as PN (Hdt.); κυνέη `dogs fleece' (Anaxandr.), `cap, helmet', orig. from dogs fleece, then from diff. materials ( αἰγείη, χαλκέη etc.; Schwyzer 37, Trümpy Fachausdrücke 40 ff.); κυνάς f. `belonging to a dog, dogs hair etc.' (Theoc.); κύνειος, - εος `belonging to a dog' (Ar.), `unshamed' (Il.), κυνικός `doglike, cynical' (X., Men.), κυνώδης `dog-like' (Arist.); comp. a. sup. κύντερος, - ον, - τατος `shamelesser, impertinent' (Schwyzer 536, Schw.-Debrunner 176); adv. κυνηδόν `as a dog' (S., Ar.); κυνίζω "play the dog", i.e. `live as a cynic' with κυνισμός ( Stoic.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [632] *ḱuōn `dog'Etymology: Old name of an old domestic animal, preserved in most IE. languages, partly with the old inflexion, e.g. κύων = Skt. śuvā́, Lith. šuõ, κυνός = śúnas, šuñs etc. (Gr. accent old), IE. *ḱ́u̯ō(n), *ḱun-ós (-és) etc. Note Arm. šun \< *ḱu̯ō̆n; unclear Lat. canis. Further forms in Bq, Pok. 632f., W.-Hofmann s. canis; on the inflexion s. Schwyzer 568, Wackernagel Ai. Gramm. 3, 278 f. Here also Hier. Hitt. śuwana- `dog(?)'? - Cf. also Κανδαύλης.Page in Frisk: 2,58-59Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κύνα
-
4 κατασαρκών
κατά-ἀσαρκέωmake lean: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric)κατά-σαρκάωpres part act masc voc sgκατά-σαρκάωpres part act neut nom /voc /acc sgκατά-σαρκάωpres part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)κατά-σαρκάωpres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric ionic)κατά-σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act masc voc sgκατά-σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act neut nom /voc /acc sgκατά-σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)κατά-σαρκόωmake fleshy: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)κατά-σαρκόωmake fleshy: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)κατά-σαρκόωmake fleshy: pres part act masc nom sgκατά-σαρκόωmake fleshy: pres inf act (doric) -
5 κατασαρκῶν
κατά-ἀσαρκέωmake lean: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric)κατά-σαρκάωpres part act masc voc sgκατά-σαρκάωpres part act neut nom /voc /acc sgκατά-σαρκάωpres part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)κατά-σαρκάωpres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric ionic)κατά-σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act masc voc sgκατά-σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act neut nom /voc /acc sgκατά-σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)κατά-σαρκόωmake fleshy: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)κατά-σαρκόωmake fleshy: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)κατά-σαρκόωmake fleshy: pres part act masc nom sgκατά-σαρκόωmake fleshy: pres inf act (doric) -
6 σαρκών
σάρξflesh: fem gen plσαρκάωpres part act masc voc sgσαρκάωpres part act neut nom /voc /acc sgσαρκάωpres part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)σαρκάωpres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric ionic)σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act masc voc sgσαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act neut nom /voc /acc sgσαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)σαρκόωmake fleshy: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)σαρκόωmake fleshy: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)σαρκόωmake fleshy: pres part act masc nom sgσαρκόωmake fleshy: pres inf act (doric) -
7 σαρκῶν
σάρξflesh: fem gen plσαρκάωpres part act masc voc sgσαρκάωpres part act neut nom /voc /acc sgσαρκάωpres part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)σαρκάωpres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric ionic)σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act masc voc sgσαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act neut nom /voc /acc sgσαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)σαρκόωmake fleshy: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)σαρκόωmake fleshy: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)σαρκόωmake fleshy: pres part act masc nom sgσαρκόωmake fleshy: pres inf act (doric) -
8 σαρκάσας
σαρκά̱σᾱς, σαρκάωpres part act fem acc pl (doric)σαρκά̱σᾱς, σαρκάωpres part act fem gen sg (doric)σαρκά̱σᾱς, σαρκάωaor part act masc nom /voc sg (attic epic doric ionic aeolic)σαρκά̱σᾱς, σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act fem acc pl (doric)σαρκά̱σᾱς, σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act fem gen sg (doric)σαρκάσᾱς, σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: aor part act masc nom /voc sg (attic epic ionic) -
9 κύων
Aκύον Il.8.423
,κύων Archipp.6
: pl., nom. κύνες, gen. κυνῶν, dat.κυσί Il.17.272
, al., [dialect] Ep.κύνεσσι 1.4
, acc. κύνας:—dog, bitch, Hom., etc.; of shepherds' dogs, Il.10.183, 12.303; watch-dogs, 22.66; but in Hom. more freq. of hounds, Il.8.338, al.;κυσὶ θηρευτῇσι 11.325
;κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360
; later, when of hounds, mostly in fem., S.Aj.8, E.Hipp.18, etc.;κ. Λάκαινα Pi.Fr. 106
, S.l.c., X. Cyn.10.1, cf. Arist.HA 608a27, al.; Μολοττικαὶ κ. Alexis Hist. ap. Ath.12.54od, etc.; but , cf. Hdt.1.192: prov., κυσὶν πεινῶσιν οὐχὶ βρώσιμα 'not fit for a dog', Com.Adesp.1205.4;χεῖρον ἐρεθίσαι γραῦν ἢ κύνα Men.802
; κύνα δέρειν δεδαρμένην 'flog a dead horse', Pherecr.179; ἡ κ. κατακειμένη ἐν τῇ φάτνῃ 'dog in the manger', Luc.Ind.30, al.; χαλεπὸν χορίω κύνα γεῦσαι it's ill to let a dog 'taste blood', Theoc.10.11; νή or μὰ τὸν κύνα was a favourite oath of Socrates, Pl.Ap. 22a (cf. Sch.), Grg. 482b; used familiarly at Athens, Ar.V.83; οἷς ἦν μέγιστος ὅρκος.. κύων, ἔπειτα χήν· θεοὺς δ' ἐσίγων, of primitive men, Cratin.231.II as a word of reproach, freq. in Hom. of women, to denote shamelessness or audacity; applied by Helen to herself, Il.6.344, 356; by Iris to Athena, 8.423; by Hera to Artemis, 21.481: of the maids in the house of Odysseus, Od.18.338, al.: later, in a coarse sense, Ar.V. 1402; ἡ ῥαψῳδὸς κ., of the Sphinx, S.OT 391, cf.A.Fr. 236 (lyr.); of men,κακαὶ κ. Il.13.623
; implying recklessness, 8.299, 527, Od.17.248, 22.35; also of offensive persons, compared to yapping dogs, LXX Ps.21(22).17, Ep.Phil.3.2; κ. λαίθαργος, = λαθροδήκτης, metaph., of a person, S.Fr. 885, cf. E. Fr. 555: prov.,μὴ δῶτε τὸ ἅγιον τοῖς κ. Ev.Matt.7.6
.2 metaph., of persons, watch-dog, guardian, τῶν σταθμῶν κ., of Agamemnon, A. Ag. 896; δωμάτων κ., of Clytemnestra, ib. 607, cf. Ar.Eq. 1023.3 of the Cynics,ἀρέσκει τούτοις κυνῶν μεταμφιέννυσθαι βίον Phld.Sto.Herc. 339.8
: hence, Cynic philosopher, Arist.Rh. 1411a24, AP7.65 (Antip.), 413 (Id.), Plu.2.717c, Ath.5.216b, Epigr. ap. D.L.6.19, 60, Baillet Inscriptions des tombeaux des rois 172.III freq. in Mythology of the servants, agents or watchers of the gods, Διὸς πτηνὸς κύων, of the eagle, A.Pr. 1022, cf. Ag. 136 (lyr.), S.Fr. 884; of the griffins,Ζηνὸς ἀκραγεῖς κ. A.Pr. 803
; of the Furies,μετάδρομοι.. πανουργημάτων ἄφυκτοι κ. S.El. 1388
(lyr.), cf. A.Ch. 924, E.Fr. 383; Pan is the κύων of Cybele, Pi.Fr.96: Pythag., Περσεφόνης κύνες, of the planets, Arist. Fr. 196: so Com., Ἡφαίστου κ., of sparks, Alex.149.16; of various mythical beings, as Cerberus,κ. Ἀΐδαο Il.8.368
, cf. Od.11.623, X. An.6.2.2; Harpies, A.R.2.289; of Hecate, in Mithraic worship, Porph.Abst.4.16; of theΒάκχαι, Λύσσας κ. E.Ba. 977
(lyr.); Λέρνας κ., of the hydra, Id.HF 420 (lyr.); of a great fish,Τρίτωνος κ. Lyc. 34
.IV dog-fish or shark, Od.12.96, cf. Epich.68, Cratin.161, Arist.HA 566a31; κ. ἄγριος, κ. γαλεός and κ. κεντρίτης or κεντρίνη, Opp.H.1.373, Ael.NA1.55; ξιφίας κ., of the sword-fish, Anaxipp. 2.3.V = σείριος (q.v.), dog-star, i.e. the hound of Orion, Il.22.29; in full,σειρίου κυνὸς δίκην S.Fr. 803
, cf. A.Ag. 967;κυνὸς ψυχρὰν δύσιν S.Fr.432.11
;πρὸ τοῦ κυνός Eup.147
; μετὰ κυνὸς ἐπιτολήν, περὶ κ. ἐ., Arist.Mete. 361b35, HA 602a26; ἐπὶ κυνί ib. 600a4, Syngr. ap. D. 35.13; , D.S.19.109;περὶ κύνα Thphr.CP 3.3.3
;μετὰ κύνα Id.HP1.9.5
; also of the whole constellation, Arat. 327, Gal.17(1).17.VI the ace, the worst throw at dice, Poll.9.100, Eust.1289.63.VII frenum praeputii, Antyll. ap. Orib.50.3.1: with pun on the prov. ap.Pherecr.l.c. (supr. 1), Ar.Lys. 158: with pun on signf.v, AP5.104 (Marc. Arg.).IX unilateral facial paralysis, Gal.8.573.X = ἀπομαγδαλία, Dsc. ap. Eust.1857.19.XI ξυλίνη κ., = κυνόσβατος, Orac. ap. Did ap.Ath.2.70c. -
10 σκύλαξ
σκύλαξ, - ᾰκοςGrammatical information: f., m.Meaning: `doggy, puppy' (Od.), also `whelp, cub' in gen. (E. in lyr., Nic., Luc. a.o.); metaph. `collar, neckband' (Pl. Com., Plb.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σκυλάκ-ιον n. (IA.). 2. Fem. - αινα (AP), -η (Orph.). 3. Subst. - ῖτις f. `protectress of σ.', surname of Artemis (Orph.; Redard 212); - εύς m. = σκύλαξ (Opp.; rather metr. enlargement than bakformation from - εύω; cf. Bosshardt 71 and Kretschmer Glotta 11, 228). 4. Adj. - ειος `of σ.' (Hp., S. E.; Schmid - εος u. - ειος 51); - ώδης 'σ.-like' (X.); - ευτικός `belonging to σ.' (Ph.; analog. enlargement). 5. Verb - εύω of dogs act. `to mate, to copulate' (X., Arr.), pass. `to be raised' (Str., Max. Tyr.) with - εία f. `dog-breeding' (Plu., Poll.), - ευμα n. `offspring' (Epigr. ap. Plu., AP), - ευτής m. `dogbreeder' (Him.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: A word of the very large group of familiar and technical words in - αξ (cf. esp. μεῖραξ, δέλφαξ, πόρταξ etc., Chantraine Form. 377 ff.), σκύλαξ belongs first to σκύλ-ιον n. name of a shark (Arist.) and to σκύλλα fishname (Nic. Fr. 137 Schn.); s. Solmsen Wortforsch. 20 n. 1 (p. 21); to this, also w. expressive gemination, σκύλ(λ)ος = σκύλαξ, κύων (EM, H.) with σκυλλίς κληματίς H. (Strömberg Pfl.namen 31) and κύλλα σκύλαξ ( κύλλας κύλαξ cod.). Ήλεῖοι H. -- Without certain non-Greek cognates. Nearest comes Arm. c'ul, gen. c'l-u `joung bull' (Meillet BSL 26, 20f.), IE * skul- or * skōl-. Diff. Persson BB 19, 275 ff. with Prellwitz: to Lith. skalȉkas `barking hound' (: skãlyti `bark hunting') and kalė̃ `bitch' (s. also Fraenkel s. v.), to which after Persson also (quite improbable) from Germ. OWNo. skvaldra `talk loudly, boast' (Norw. also of dogs `bark loudly'), which however belongs first to OWNo. etc. skvala prop. `stream rustling' (from where `talk loudly'); s. WP. 1, 445 f. Still diff. Schwyzer KZ 37, 150 (to σκύζουσιν H.; s. σκυδμαίνω) and Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 277 (s. Bq). -- Acc. to old assumption here also Σκύλλη, Att. Σκύλλα ("the bitch") name of the well-known sea-monster (Od.); s. Güntert Kalypso 176 w. n. 7; acc. to others to σκύλλω (Joh. Schmidt P.-W. II: 3, 658; against this Güntert l.c.). -- Cf. σκύμνος. -- The word could well be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,741-742Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκύλαξ
-
11 κυνοδρομίας
κυνοδρομίᾱς, κυνοδρομίαhunting with dogs: fem acc plκυνοδρομίᾱς, κυνοδρομίαhunting with dogs: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic) -
12 κυνοκτόνον
κυνοκτόνοςkilling dogs: masc /fem acc sgκυνοκτόνοςkilling dogs: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
13 κυνοσπάρακτον
κυνοσπάρακτοςtorn by dogs: masc /fem acc sgκυνοσπάρακτοςtorn by dogs: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
14 κυνόβρωτον
κυνόβρωτοςdevoured by dogs: masc /fem acc sgκυνόβρωτοςdevoured by dogs: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
15 σαρκάζει
σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: pres ind mp 2nd sgσαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: pres ind act 3rd sg -
16 σαρκάζω
σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: pres subj act 1st sgσαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: pres ind act 1st sg -
17 σαρκώσας
σαρκώσᾱς, σαρκάωpres part act fem acc pl (attic epic doric ionic)σαρκώσᾱς, σαρκάωpres part act fem gen sg (doric)σαρκώσᾱς, σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act fem acc pl (attic epic doric ionic)σαρκώσᾱς, σαρκάζωtear fiesh like dogs: fut part act fem gen sg (doric)σαρκώσᾱς, σαρκόωmake fleshy: aor part act masc nom /voc sg (attic epic ionic) -
18 σκυλακευθείσας
σκυλακευθείσᾱς, σκυλακεύωpair dogs for breeding: aor part pass fem acc plσκυλακευθείσᾱς, σκυλακεύωpair dogs for breeding: aor part pass fem gen sg (doric aeolic) -
19 σκυλακευομένη
σκυλακεύωpair dogs for breeding: pres part mp fem nom /voc sg (attic epic ionic)——————σκυλακεύωpair dogs for breeding: pres part mp fem dat sg (attic epic ionic) -
20 σκυλακευομένων
σκυλακεύωpair dogs for breeding: pres part mp fem gen plσκυλακεύωpair dogs for breeding: pres part mp masc /neut gen pl
См. также в других словарях:
Dogs — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda DOGS 狗 (DOGS) Género Acción Manga Creado por Miwa Shirow … Wikipedia Español
Dogs — Beschreibung Lifestyle Magazin Verlag Gruner + Jahr AG Co KG Erstausgabe 2006 … Deutsch Wikipedia
dogs — dogs·body; dogs; … English syllables
Dogs — Dogs, westindische Münze – 11/2 Pfennig … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
dogs — feet, 1913, from rhyming slang dog s meat … Etymology dictionary
Dogs — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Musique Dogs est une chanson du groupe Pink Floyd. Dogs est une chanson du groupe The Who. Dogs est un groupe français de rock anglophone. Cinéma et… … Wikipédia en Français
dogs — It is commonly believed that dogs can sense anything uncanny, and show terror if forced to pass a haunted spot; if they howl for no reason, especially at night, it portends death, either in the house nearest to which they howl or to some of… … A Dictionary of English folklore
dogs — noun /dɒɡz,dɔɡz/ a) Feet, from rhyming slang dogs meat. My dogs are tired. Lets get a taxi. b) a greyhound racing event. I lost money at the dogs last night … Wiktionary
dogs — 1. n pl 1a. the feet. Of obscure origin, this usage has persisted in British and American usage at least since World War II. It usu ally implies tired, sore feet. ► Ooh, that feels better my dogs are barking today! (Planes, Trains and Automobiles … Contemporary slang
dogs — šuniniai statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas šeima apibrėžtis Šeimoje 11 genčių. Kūno ilgis – 40 160 cm. atitikmenys: lot. Canidae angl. canids; dogs; dogs and allies vok. Hunde; Hundeartige; hundeartige Raubtiere rus. волки;… … Žinduolių pavadinimų žodynas
dogs up — Or The dogs are up , referring to the rubber traffic cones placed at certain distances out from the inner rail when the track is wet, muddy, soft, yielding or heavy, to prevent horses during the workout period from churning the footing along the… … Equestrian sports dictionary