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  • 1 σῶμα

    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: `living or dead body' (Il.; in Hom. the meaning `corpse' is necessary or possible; cf. Herter Charites E. Langlotz gewidmet [Berlin 1957] 206ff. w. lit.), `person' (Att. etc.), `slave' (hell. a. late.; on development and spread of the meaning E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 80 f.); metaph. `totality' (A., Pl., Arist. etc.), `text of a document' (pap.).
    Compounds: Compp., e.g. σωματο-φύλαξ `bodyguard' (hell. a. late); univerbation σωμ-ασκ-ία f. `bodily exercise' (Pl., X. a.o.) from σῶμα ἀσκέω; to this as backformation σω-μασκ-έω `to do bodily exercise' (X., Plb. etc.); τρι-σώματος `three-bodied' (A., E.), late τρί-σωμος `id.' (An. Ox.); on the stemvariation s. Schwyzer 450.
    Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σωμάτ-ιον n. (Pl. Com., Arist. etc.; mostly depreciatory). 2. - ίδιον n. `text of a document' (pap.). 3. - εῖον n. `corporate body, college' ( Cod. Just.). 4. - ικός `bodily' (Arist. etc.), - ινος `id.' (gloss.), - ώδης `bodily' (Arist. a.o.). 5. - όομαι, - όω ( ἐν-, ὑπο-) `to be embodied, to embody' (Arist., Thphr. a.o.) with - ωσις f. (Thphr. a.o.). 6. - ίζω ( δια-, ἐν-) `to edit a text' with - ισμός m. (pap.).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: For `body' the IE languages have several expressions, of which only Lat. corpus a. cogn. (e.g. Skt. kr̥p-) has found a wide use and can claim a high date. A convincing connection for the Greek formation σῶ-μα has not been found. Formally resemble both σω-λήν and σω-ρός; if one connects the last, σῶμα must continue *tu̯ō-mn̥ with a basic meaning `compactness, swelling' (since Froehde BB 14, 108). Other proposals, all for diff. reasons doubtable or uncertain: from *σῶπ-μα to σήπομαι, σαπρός (Wackernagel KZ 30, 298f. = Kl. Schr. 1, 661 f.); to ἐπί-σσωτρον (Schwyzer 523; asking); from *[s]ti̯ō-mn̥ "what becomes stiff" to Skt. styā- `flow, get stiff' (Thieme KZ 78, 114 A. 4); to σίνομαι (abl. sō[i]-: sī-) as `object of σίνεσθαι' (Koller Glotta 37, 276 ff.; agreeing Harrison The Phoenix 14, 64). -- Cf. σωρός; also W.-Hofmann s. tōmentum.
    Page in Frisk: 2,842-843

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῶμα

  • 2 ῥητός

    ῥητ-ός, ή, όν, ([etym.] ἐρῶ)
    A stated, specified, covenanted, μισθῷ ἔπι ῥ. Il.21.445; παρεῖναι ἐς χρόνον ῥ. Hdt.1.77, cf. Aeschin.3.124; ἐν ἡμέραις ῥ. Th.6.29;

    ἐπὶ ῥητοῖς γέρασι πατρικαὶ βασιλεῖαι Id.1.13

    ; ῥ. ἀργύριον a stated sum, Id.2.7, 4.69; ἐπὶ ῥητοῖσι, [dialect] Att. ἐπὶ ῥητοῖς, on stated terms, on certain conditions, according to covenant, Hdt.5.57, E.Hipp. 459, Th.1.122, And.3.22, al.;

    παρέσεσθαι εἰς ῥ. ἡμέραν X.HG3.5.6

    ; ῥ. ἀπόκρισις a distinct, definite answer, Plb.32.6.7: ῥητόν, τό, fixed date for a lawsuit, PSI4.463.14 (iii B.C.), etc.; so perh.

    ἀπὸ ῥητῶν IG12

     (9).1273 (Euboea, vi B.C.). Adv. - τῶς expressly, distinctly, Plb.3.23.5, SIG685.77 (ii B.C.), Phld.Rh.1.105 S., 1 Ep.Ti.4.1, Gal.17(2).427: [comp] Sup.

    ῥητότατα S.E.M.7.16

    .
    2 spoken of, famous,

    ῥητοί τ' ἄρρητοί τε Hes.Op.4

    .
    3 of language, in common use (= συνήθης), A.D.Pron. 113.18;

    φράσις Id.Synt.39.15

    . Adv.

    - τῶς Phld.Rh.1.161

     S.
    II that may be spoken or told,

    εἰ ῥητόν, φράσον A.Pr. 765

    ; ἦ ῥητόν; ἢ οὐχὶ θεμιτὸν ἄλλον εἰδέναι; S.OT 993; αὐδῶν ἀνόσι' οὐδὲ ῥητά μοι ib. 1289;

    ῥ. ἄρρητόν τ' ἔπος Id.OC 1001

    ; δεινὸν γάρ, οὐδὲ ῥ. Id.Ph. 756; cf.

    ἄρρητος 111.3

    .
    2 that can be spoken or enunciated,

    συλλαβή Pl.Tht. 202b

    , cf. 205d, 205e;

    διάλεκτοι Phld.Rh.1.110S.

    ;

    οὐ ῥ. κατ' ἰδίαν αἱ ἐγκλιτικαί A.D.Pron.36.30

    ; communicable in words, Pl.Ep. 341c.
    III Math., rational, of magnitudes, opp. surds ([etym.] ἄλογα)

    , ῥητὰ πρὸς ἄλληλα Id.R. 546c

    , Hp.Ma. 303b, cf. Euc.10 Deff.3 and 4, Hero *Deff.128; in Metric, ῥ. πούς, opp. ἄλογος, Aristid.Quint.1.14; v. ἄρρητος IV.
    IV τὸ ῥ. the precise, literal contents of a document, the letter of the law, S.E.M.2.36, etc.; ῥητός literal, opp. allegorical, Ph.1.69, al.
    V = ῥῆμα 1.3, even of a living thing, Hebr. dâvâr, LXX Ex.9.4.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ῥητός

  • 3 τύπος

    τύπος, ου, ὁ (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins in var. senses: New Docs 4, 41f; loanw. in rabb.).
    ① a mark made as the result of a blow or pressure, mark, trace (Posidon.: 169 Fgm. 1 Jac.; Anth. Pal. 6, 57, 5 ὀδόντων; Athen. 13, 49, 585c τῶν πληγῶν; Diog. L. 7, 45; 50 of a seal-ring; ViJer 13 [p. 73, 10 Sch.]; Philo, Mos. 1, 119; Jos., Bell. 3, 420; PGM 4, 1429; 5, 307.—ὁ ἐκ τῆς αἰσθήσεως τ. ἐν διανοίᾳ γινόμενος Did., Gen. 217, 19) τῶν ἥλων J 20:25ab (v.l. τὸν τόπον).—This may be the place for οἱ τύποι τῶν λίθων Hs 9, 10, 1f (taking a stone out of the ground leaves a hole that bears the contours of the stone, but in effect the stone has made the impression; s. KLake, Apost. Fathers II, 1917; MDibelius, Hdb. But s. 4 below).
    ② embodiment of characteristics or function of a model, copy, image (cp. Artem. 2, 85 the children are τύπ. of their parents.—Cp. ὁ γὰρ ἥλιος ἐν τύπῳ θεοῦ ἐστιν Theoph. Ant. 2, 15 [p. 138, 8]) the master is a τύπος θεοῦ image of God to the slave B 19:7; D 4:11. The supervisor/bishop is τύπος τοῦ πατρός ITr 3:1; cp. IMg 6:1ab (in both instances here, τύπον is Zahn’s conjecture, favored by Lghtf., for τόπον, which is unanimously read by Gk. and Lat. mss., and which can be retained, with Funk, Hilgenfeld, Krüger, Bihlmeyer).
    ③ an object formed to resemble some entity, image, statue of any kind of material (Hdt. 3, 88,3 τύπ. λίθινος. Of images of the gods Herodian 5, 5, 6; Jos., Ant. 1, 311 τ. τύπους τῶν θεῶν; 15, 329; SibOr 3, 14) Ac 7:43 (Am 5:26).
    ④ a kind, class, or thing that suggests a model or pattern, form, figure, pattern (Aeschyl. et al.; Pla., Rep. 387c; 397c) ἐποίησεν ἡμᾶς ἄλλον τύπον he has made us people of a different stamp B 6:11. τύπος διδαχῆς pattern of teaching Ro 6:17 (cp. διδαχή 2; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 23, 105 τὸν τύπον τῆς διδασκαλίας.—The use of τύπος for the imperial ‘rescripts’ [e.g. OGI 521, 5; s. note 4, esp. the reff. for θεῖος τύπος] appears too late to merit serious consideration.—JKürzinger, Biblica 39, ’58, 156–76; ELee, NTS 8, ’61/62, 166–73 [‘mold’]). Of the form (of expression) (Dionys. Hal., Ad Pomp. 4, 2 Rad.; PLips 121, 28 [II A.D.]; POxy 1460, 12) γράψας ἐπιστολὴν ἔχουσαν τὸν τύπον τοῦτον (cp. EpArist 34 ἐπιστολὴ τὸν τύπον ἔχουσα τοῦτον) somewhat as follows, after this manner, to this effect (so numerous versions) Ac 23:25, but s. next.—On τοὺς τύπους τῶν λίθων ἀναπληροῦν Hs 9, 10, 1 s. ἀναπληρόω 3 and 1 above.
    ⑤ the content of a document, text, content (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 35, 259 τύπος τ. γεγραμμένων; 3 Macc 3:30; PFlor 278 II, 20 [III A.D.] τῷ αὐτῷ τύπῳ κ. χρόνῳ=of the same content and date) Ac 23:25 (EpArist 34 ἐπιστολὴ τὸν τύπον ἔχουσα τοῦτον). Cp. POxy 3366, 28 (of a copy of a letter), 32 (the original). S. New Docs 1, 77f (with caution against confusing rhetorical practice in composition of speeches and the inclusion of letters whose value lay in their verbatim expression). For a difft. view s. 4 above; more ambivalently Hemer, Acts 347f.
    ⑥ an archetype serving as a model, type, pattern, model (Pla., Rep. 379a περὶ θεολογίας)
    ⓐ technically design, pattern (Diod S 14, 41, 4) Ac 7:44; Hb 8:5 (cp. on both Ex 25:40).
    ⓑ in the moral life example, pattern (OGI 383, 212 [I B.C.] τ. εὐσεβείας; SibOr 1, 380; Did., Gen. 125, 27; in a pejorative sense 4 Macc 6:19 ἀσεβείας τύπ.) τύπος γίνου τῶν πιστῶν 1 Ti 4:12.—Phil 3:17; 1 Th 1:7; 2 Th 3:9; Tit 2:7; 1 Pt 5:3; IMg 6:2.—S. ESelwyn, 1 Pt ’46, 298f.
    ⓒ of the types given by God as an indication of the future, in the form of persons or things (cp. Philo, Op. M. 157; Iren. 1, 6, 4 [Harv. I 74, 3]); of Adam: τύπος τοῦ μέλλοντος (Ἀδάμ) a type of the Adam to come (i.e. of Christ) Ro 5:14. Cp. 1 Cor 10:6, 11 v.l.; B 7:3, 7, 10f; 8:1; 12:2, 5f, 10; 13:5. χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς … ἑαυτὸν τύπον ἔδειξε Jesus Christ showed himself as the prime exemplar of the resurrection AcPlCor 2:6 (cp. Just., D. 40, 1 τύπος ἦν τοῦ χριστοῦ). Also of the pictorial symbols that Hermas sees, and their deeper meaning Hv 3, 11, 4. The vision serves εἰς τύπον τῆς θλίψεως τῆς ἐπερχομένης as a symbol or foreshadowing of the tribulation to come 4, 1, 1; cp. 4, 2, 5; 4, 3, 6. The two trees are to be εἰς τύπον τοῖς δούλοις τοῦ θεοῦ Hs 2:2a; cp. b.—ἐν τύπῳ χωρίου Ῥωμαίων IRo ins is a conjecture by Zahn for ἐν τόπῳ χ. Ῥ., which is read by all mss. and makes good sense.—AvBlumenthal, Τύπος u. παράδειγμα: Her 63, 1928, 391–414; LGoppelt, Typos. D. typolog. Deutung des AT im Neuen ’39; RBultmann, TLZ 75, ’50, cols. 205–12; AFridrichsen et al., The Root of the Vine (typology) ’53; GLampe and KWoollcombe, Essays in Typology, ’57; KOstmeyer, NTS 46, ’00, 112–31.—New Docs 1, 77f; 4, 41. DELG s.v. τύπτω B. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > τύπος

  • 4 Ἰάννης

    Ἰάννης, ὁ Jannes, named w. Jambres as one of the Egyptian sorcerers who (Ex 7:11ff) opposed Moses before Pharaoh 2 Ti 3:8. The names go back to Jewish tradition (Schürer III 781–83; MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.; TestSol 25:4, whence Numenius of Apamea [II A.D.] in Eus., PE 9, 8, 1 got them). Μαμβρῆς appears as v.l. for Ἰαμβρῆς, reflecting variation in the mss. A Jewish apocryphal work bearing both names has disappeared except for the title (Schürer, loc. cit.).—RJames, JTS 2, 1901, 572ff; The Damascus Document (Kl. T. 167) 5, 19f (cp. CD 5, 18f and SSchechter, Fragments of a Zadokite Work 1910, pp. xxxvii and lixf); Billerb. III 660–64; LGrabbe, The Jannes-Jambres Tradition in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan and Its Date: JBL 98, 79, 393–401; APietersma, The Apochryphon of Jannes and Jambres the Magician—PChesterBeatty XVI (EPROR 119) ’94.—BHHW II, 802. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > Ἰάννης

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