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101 קומקון
Comecon, organization founded in 1949 to facilitate and coordinate the economic development of countries of the Soviet Union (the organizaton was disbanded in 1991) -
102 רפאל
weapons development authority -
103 שלב הפיתוח
the development stage -
104 תפנית דרמטית
dramatic development -
105 תרבות
civilization, culture; education; development————————cultivating, taming, civilizing, humanization -
106 אמורא
אֲמֹורָאm. ( אמר) 1) speaker, lecturer, interpreter; esp. Amora, one who, in lengthy popular discourses, expounds what the lecturer (Tanna, v. תַּנָּא) says before him in brief and in a low voice; often called מְתוּרְגְּמָן. Ex. R. s. 8, end כשם שהדורש … יהא׳וכ׳ as the lecturer sits … and the Amora speaks in his presence.Snh.7b קום עליה בא׳ stand by him as an expounder. Taan.8a, a. fr. אוקים … א׳ עליה ודרש S. … placed an Amora by his side and lectured. Sot.40a ואמר אֲמֹורֵיה חד טעמא and his Amora gave a different reason. Ḥull.15a do people listen to the Tanna? לא׳ צייתי they listen to the Amora. 2) in a particular sense אֲמֹורָא, Amora ( Amoraïm), that class of Talmudic authorities who lived after the final redaction of the Mishnah, and whose discussions on the opinions of the Tannaïm or authors of the Mishnah and Boraitha, are deposited in the Guemara, thus adding a second element to the development of the oral law, called Talmud.Pl. אֲמֹורִין. Y.Ber.I, 2c top, a. e. תרי א׳ two Amoraïm differ. for which Babli usually: … אֲמֹורָאֵי נינהו ואליבא two Amoras differ in their relation (or conception) of the opinion of … Shebu.40b; a. fr. -
107 אֲמֹורָא
אֲמֹורָאm. ( אמר) 1) speaker, lecturer, interpreter; esp. Amora, one who, in lengthy popular discourses, expounds what the lecturer (Tanna, v. תַּנָּא) says before him in brief and in a low voice; often called מְתוּרְגְּמָן. Ex. R. s. 8, end כשם שהדורש … יהא׳וכ׳ as the lecturer sits … and the Amora speaks in his presence.Snh.7b קום עליה בא׳ stand by him as an expounder. Taan.8a, a. fr. אוקים … א׳ עליה ודרש S. … placed an Amora by his side and lectured. Sot.40a ואמר אֲמֹורֵיה חד טעמא and his Amora gave a different reason. Ḥull.15a do people listen to the Tanna? לא׳ צייתי they listen to the Amora. 2) in a particular sense אֲמֹורָא, Amora ( Amoraïm), that class of Talmudic authorities who lived after the final redaction of the Mishnah, and whose discussions on the opinions of the Tannaïm or authors of the Mishnah and Boraitha, are deposited in the Guemara, thus adding a second element to the development of the oral law, called Talmud.Pl. אֲמֹורִין. Y.Ber.I, 2c top, a. e. תרי א׳ two Amoraïm differ. for which Babli usually: … אֲמֹורָאֵי נינהו ואליבא two Amoras differ in their relation (or conception) of the opinion of … Shebu.40b; a. fr. -
108 גרע II
גָּרַעII (b. h.; cmp. גַּרְגַּר) to form globules, to drop. Denom. גַּרְעִין. Pi. גֵּרַע, Hif. הִגְרִיעַ (denom. of גרעין) to form globules (one of the early stages of development of the grape). Shebi. IV, 10 גפנים מִשֶּׁיְּגָרְעוּ grape vines (must not be cut down in the Sabbath year) from the moment they form stones, Maim.; oth. opin. ovules containing moisture; Y. ib. IV, end 35c משיַגְרִיעוּ (Hif.), defined משיזחלו מים, with ref. to Job 36:27; Ber.63b; Pes.52b sq. משיגריעו (Ms. M. 2 משיגרעו). -
109 גָּרַע
גָּרַעII (b. h.; cmp. גַּרְגַּר) to form globules, to drop. Denom. גַּרְעִין. Pi. גֵּרַע, Hif. הִגְרִיעַ (denom. of גרעין) to form globules (one of the early stages of development of the grape). Shebi. IV, 10 גפנים מִשֶּׁיְּגָרְעוּ grape vines (must not be cut down in the Sabbath year) from the moment they form stones, Maim.; oth. opin. ovules containing moisture; Y. ib. IV, end 35c משיַגְרִיעוּ (Hif.), defined משיזחלו מים, with ref. to Job 36:27; Ber.63b; Pes.52b sq. משיגריעו (Ms. M. 2 משיגרעו). -
110 יצירה
יְצִירָהf. (preced.) 1) formation, creation; nature. Yoma 85a לענין י׳ as regards the stages of embryonic formation. Lev. R. s. 14, beg. כשם שיְצִירָתוֹ של אדםוכ׳ as well as the creation of man took place after that of the animals, so is the law concerning man (Lev. 12–15) issued after that concerning animals (ib. 11). Ib. יְצִירת הוולד the formation (development) of the embryo.Sot.2a; Snh.22a ארבעים יום קודם י׳ הוו׳וכ׳ forty days before the embryo is formed, a divine voice goes forth Nidd.22b דנין י׳ מי׳ we may draw an analogy between animals concerning whose formation the verb יצר is used (contrad. to ברא). Keth.8a חדא י׳ הואי there was one act of formation for Adam und Eve (male and female persons combined, v. Erub.18a); a. fr.Pl. יְצִירוֹת. Ib. שתי י׳ הואי there were two different formations. Gen. R. s. 14 (ref. to וייצר with two י, Gen. 2:7) שתי י׳וכ׳ two formations, one referring to Adam, the other to Eve; יצירה לשבעהוכ׳ there is a viable birth at seven months, and one at nine months. Ib. שתי י׳ יצירה מן התחתוניםוכ׳ two creations, one partaking of the nature of earthly creatures, the other of heavenly beings. Y.Yeb.II, 5c bot. 2) י׳ or בית חי׳ (v. יוֹצֵר) potters workshop. Tosef.Kel.B. Kam. III, 8.Y.B. Mets.VIII, end, 11d בית היוצרה (corr. acc.); Tosef. ib. VIII, 27 וי׳ אין פחותוכ׳ ed. Zuck. (Var. וצירה) a pottery is rented on no less than twelve months notice. -
111 יְצִירָה
יְצִירָהf. (preced.) 1) formation, creation; nature. Yoma 85a לענין י׳ as regards the stages of embryonic formation. Lev. R. s. 14, beg. כשם שיְצִירָתוֹ של אדםוכ׳ as well as the creation of man took place after that of the animals, so is the law concerning man (Lev. 12–15) issued after that concerning animals (ib. 11). Ib. יְצִירת הוולד the formation (development) of the embryo.Sot.2a; Snh.22a ארבעים יום קודם י׳ הוו׳וכ׳ forty days before the embryo is formed, a divine voice goes forth Nidd.22b דנין י׳ מי׳ we may draw an analogy between animals concerning whose formation the verb יצר is used (contrad. to ברא). Keth.8a חדא י׳ הואי there was one act of formation for Adam und Eve (male and female persons combined, v. Erub.18a); a. fr.Pl. יְצִירוֹת. Ib. שתי י׳ הואי there were two different formations. Gen. R. s. 14 (ref. to וייצר with two י, Gen. 2:7) שתי י׳וכ׳ two formations, one referring to Adam, the other to Eve; יצירה לשבעהוכ׳ there is a viable birth at seven months, and one at nine months. Ib. שתי י׳ יצירה מן התחתוניםוכ׳ two creations, one partaking of the nature of earthly creatures, the other of heavenly beings. Y.Yeb.II, 5c bot. 2) י׳ or בית חי׳ (v. יוֹצֵר) potters workshop. Tosef.Kel.B. Kam. III, 8.Y.B. Mets.VIII, end, 11d בית היוצרה (corr. acc.); Tosef. ib. VIII, 27 וי׳ אין פחותוכ׳ ed. Zuck. (Var. וצירה) a pottery is rented on no less than twelve months notice. -
112 קרח
קָרַח(b. h.) ( to be round and smooth, (denom. of קֵרֵחַ to make a bald spot. Macc.III, 5 הקוֹרִחַ קרחהוכ׳ he that makes a baldness upon his head. Ib. 20a יכולאפי׳ ק׳ … קריחותוכ׳ lest you think that even if one makes four or five spots, he is guilty only of one act; Kidd.36a; a. e. Nif. נִקְרַח to become bald, hairless, smooth. Maasr. I, 3 האגסים … משיִקָּרְהוּ (Y. ed. משיַקְרִיחוּ, a. משיקרחו) pears … are subject to tithes when their surface begins to grow smooth, v. infra. Neg. VIII, 5 חזר … ונִקְרְחוּ if head and chin changed and became bald; Tosef. ib. III, 10 (not שנ׳); a. e. Hif. הִקְרִיחַ 1) same. Tosef.Maasr.I, 2 משיַקְרִיחוּ (not משיקד׳), v. supra. Y. ib. I, 48d bot. משיקריחו … משיעשו קרחות … לבנות ‘when they get smooth (Mish. I, 3, v. supra) …, that means, when they begin to get white, smooth spots (cmp. קְרוּחַ). Ib. וכי מחמת האוכל חן מַקְרִיחִיןוכ׳ do the fruits get white spots because of the development of the eatable matter (flesh), is it not on account of worms?; a. e. 2) to make bare, raze. Y.Kil.IV, beg.29a קרחת … מקריחין אותווכ׳ ‘a bald portion of a vineyard (Mish. IV, 1) is one which is razed in the centre; כרם שחרב מקריחיןוכ׳ ‘a waste vineyard (ib. 2) is one which is razed on all sides. Sot.46b (play on קרח, 2 Kings 2:23) שהִקְרַחְתָּ עלינו את המקום thou hast made the place bare for us (ruined our water trade by healing the well); a. e.Part. pass. מוּקְרָח; pl. מוּקְרָחִין. Y.Kil.I, 27b bot. ששה על ששה מוק׳וכ׳ when one throws mixed seeds into a plot of six (cubits) by six which lies vacant within a field of grains or which is fenced in. -
113 קָרַח
קָרַח(b. h.) ( to be round and smooth, (denom. of קֵרֵחַ to make a bald spot. Macc.III, 5 הקוֹרִחַ קרחהוכ׳ he that makes a baldness upon his head. Ib. 20a יכולאפי׳ ק׳ … קריחותוכ׳ lest you think that even if one makes four or five spots, he is guilty only of one act; Kidd.36a; a. e. Nif. נִקְרַח to become bald, hairless, smooth. Maasr. I, 3 האגסים … משיִקָּרְהוּ (Y. ed. משיַקְרִיחוּ, a. משיקרחו) pears … are subject to tithes when their surface begins to grow smooth, v. infra. Neg. VIII, 5 חזר … ונִקְרְחוּ if head and chin changed and became bald; Tosef. ib. III, 10 (not שנ׳); a. e. Hif. הִקְרִיחַ 1) same. Tosef.Maasr.I, 2 משיַקְרִיחוּ (not משיקד׳), v. supra. Y. ib. I, 48d bot. משיקריחו … משיעשו קרחות … לבנות ‘when they get smooth (Mish. I, 3, v. supra) …, that means, when they begin to get white, smooth spots (cmp. קְרוּחַ). Ib. וכי מחמת האוכל חן מַקְרִיחִיןוכ׳ do the fruits get white spots because of the development of the eatable matter (flesh), is it not on account of worms?; a. e. 2) to make bare, raze. Y.Kil.IV, beg.29a קרחת … מקריחין אותווכ׳ ‘a bald portion of a vineyard (Mish. IV, 1) is one which is razed in the centre; כרם שחרב מקריחיןוכ׳ ‘a waste vineyard (ib. 2) is one which is razed on all sides. Sot.46b (play on קרח, 2 Kings 2:23) שהִקְרַחְתָּ עלינו את המקום thou hast made the place bare for us (ruined our water trade by healing the well); a. e.Part. pass. מוּקְרָח; pl. מוּקְרָחִין. Y.Kil.I, 27b bot. ששה על ששה מוק׳וכ׳ when one throws mixed seeds into a plot of six (cubits) by six which lies vacant within a field of grains or which is fenced in. -
114 קרח I
קְרַחI ch. sam( 1) same. Tosef.Maasr.I, 2 משיַקְרִיחוּ (not משיקד׳), v. supra. Y. ib. I, 48d bot. משיקריחו … משיעשו קרחות … לבנות ‘when they get smooth (Mish. I, 3, v. supra) …, that means, when they begin to get white, smooth spots (cmp. קְרוּחַ). Ib. וכי מחמת האוכל חן מַקְרִיחִיןוכ׳ do the fruits get white spots because of the development of the eatable matter (flesh), is it not on account of worms?; a. e. to make bare, raze), to make bald; to become bald. Pes.110a bot. (in an incantation) ק׳ קרחייכי bald be your baldness (may the hair with which you practice your witchcraft fall out). Y.Sabb.XX, end, 17d (perh. Hebrew) קְרוֹחַ קריחה make bald a bald head (?), v. צְנִינִים.Snh.109b עד דקרחא some ed., read: דקדחא, v. קְדַח. -
115 קְרַח
קְרַחI ch. sam( 1) same. Tosef.Maasr.I, 2 משיַקְרִיחוּ (not משיקד׳), v. supra. Y. ib. I, 48d bot. משיקריחו … משיעשו קרחות … לבנות ‘when they get smooth (Mish. I, 3, v. supra) …, that means, when they begin to get white, smooth spots (cmp. קְרוּחַ). Ib. וכי מחמת האוכל חן מַקְרִיחִיןוכ׳ do the fruits get white spots because of the development of the eatable matter (flesh), is it not on account of worms?; a. e. to make bare, raze), to make bald; to become bald. Pes.110a bot. (in an incantation) ק׳ קרחייכי bald be your baldness (may the hair with which you practice your witchcraft fall out). Y.Sabb.XX, end, 17d (perh. Hebrew) קְרוֹחַ קריחה make bald a bald head (?), v. צְנִינִים.Snh.109b עד דקרחא some ed., read: דקדחא, v. קְדַח. -
116 רטב
רֶטֶבm. (preced. wds.; v. רוֹטָב) green fruit, esp. dates. Y.Maasr.I, 48d bot. ניקוריר׳ באביהן fruit during development showing bites of serpents; Tosef.Kel.B. Bath. V, 6 רוטב. -
117 רֶטֶב
רֶטֶבm. (preced. wds.; v. רוֹטָב) green fruit, esp. dates. Y.Maasr.I, 48d bot. ניקוריר׳ באביהן fruit during development showing bites of serpents; Tosef.Kel.B. Bath. V, 6 רוטב.
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