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41 crear
v.1 to create.me crea muchos problemas it gives me a lot of trouble, it causes me a lot of problemsPicasso creó escuela Picasso's works have had a seminal influenceRicardo crea obras de arte Richard creates works of art.Ellas crean criaturas raras They create weird creatures.2 to invent.3 to found.4 to make, to make up.* * *1 (gen) to create3 (inventar) to invent1 to make, make for oneself2 (imaginarse) to imagine* * *verb1) to create2) originate* * *VT1) (=hacer, producir) [+ obra, objeto, empleo] to create2) (=establecer) [+ comisión, comité, fondo, negocio, sistema] to set up; [+ asociación, cooperativa] to form, set up; [+ cargo, puesto] to create; [+ movimiento, organización] to create, establish, found¿qué se necesita para crear una empresa? — what do you need in order to set up o start a business?
esta organización se creó para defender los derechos humanos — this organization was created o established o founded to defend human rights
aspiraban a crear un estado independiente — they aimed to create o establish o found an independent state
3) (=dar lugar a) [+ condiciones, clima, ambiente] to create; [+ problemas] to cause, create; [+ expectativas] to raiseel vacío creado por su muerte — the gap left o created by her death
4) liter (=nombrar) to make, appoint* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <obra/modelo/tendencia> to create, < producto> to developb) < sistema> to create, establish, set up; < institución> to set up, create; <comisión/fondo> to set up; < empleo> to create; < ciudad> to build2) <dificultades/problemas> to cause, create; <ambiente/clima> to create; <fama/prestigio> to bring; < reputación> to earn2.* * *= design (for/to), construct, create, engender, establish, fashion, forge, form, invent, set up, compose, originate, bring into + being, mint, found, institute, come into + existence, mother, come up with.Ex. In lists designed for international use a symbolic notation instead of textual notes may be used.Ex. The objective in executing these three stages is to construct a document profile which reflects its subject = El propósito de llevar a cabo estas tres etapas es elaborar un perfil documental que refleje su materia.Ex. National agencies creating MARC records use national standards within their own country, and re-format records to UNIMARC for international exchange.Ex. In addition to problems with new subjects which lacked 'accepted' or established names, this guiding principle engendered inconsistency in the form of headings.Ex. The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.Ex. The preliminary discussions and proposals which led up to the AACR, did start out with an attempt to fashion an ideology, a philosophical context, for those rules.Ex. This article calls on libraries to forge a renewed national commitment to cooperate in the building of a national information network for scholarly communications.Ex. Formed in 1969, the first operational system was implemented in 1972-3.Ex. Frequently, but not always, this same process will have been attempted by the author when inventing the title, and this explains why the title is often a useful aid to indexing.Ex. By imposing a ban one is only likely to set up antagonism and frustration which will turn against the very thing we are trying to encourage.Ex. There have never been any attempts to compose a bibliography of US government documents relating to international law.Ex. In the 'office of the present', a document is usually produced by several people: someone, say an administrator or manager, who originates and checks it, a typist, who prepares the text, and a draughtsman or artist who prepares the diagrams.Ex. MARC was brought into being originally to facilitate the creation of LC catalogue cards.Ex. The article 'The newly minted MLS: what do we need to know today?' describes the skills which, ideally, every US library school graduate should possess at the end of the 1990s.Ex. The earliest community information service in Australia dates from as recently as 1958 when Citizens' Advice Bureaux, modelled on their British namesake, were founded in Perth = El primer servicio de información ciudadana de Australia es reciente y data de 1958 cuando se creó en Perth la Oficina de Información al Ciudadano, a imitación de su homónima británica.Ex. The librarians have instituted a series of campaigns, including displays and leaflets on specific issues, eg family income supplement, rent and rates rebates, and school grants.Ex. Some university libraries have been built up over the centuries; others have come into existence over the last 40 years.Ex. Necessity mothers invention, and certainly invention in the presentation of books mothers surprised interest.Ex. Derfer corroborated her: 'I'd be very proud of you if you could come up with the means to draft a model collection development policy'.----* crear adicción = be addictive.* crear alianzas = form + alliances, make + alliances.* crear apoyo = build + support.* crear canales para = establish + channels for.* crear con gran destreza = craft.* crear consenso = forge + consensus.* crear demanda = make + demand.* crear de nuevo = recreate [re-create].* crear desconfianza = create + distrust.* crear desesperación = yield + despair.* crear falsas ilusiones = create + false illusions.* crear interés = build + interest.* crear la ilusión = generate + illusion.* crear lazos = build up + links.* crear lazos afectivos = bond.* crear posibilidades = open + window, create + possibilities.* crear problemas = make + waves, build up + problems, make + trouble.* crear prototipos = prototype.* crear relaciones = structure + relationships.* crearse = build up, hew.* crearse el prestigio de ser = establish + a record as.* crear servidor web = put up + web site.* crearse una identidad = forge + identity.* crearse una vida = build + life.* crear una alianza = forge + alliance.* crear una base = form + a basis.* crear una buena impresión en = make + a good impression on.* crear una coalición = forge + coalition.* crear una colección = build + collection.* crear un acuerdo = work out + agreement.* crear una familia = have + a family.* crear una ilusión = create + illusion.* crear una imagen = build + an image, create + image, summon up + image.* crear una injusticia = create + injustice.* crear una marca de identidad = branding.* crear una ocasión = create + opportunity.* crear una preocupación = create + concern.* crear una situación = create + a situation.* crear un clima = promote + climate.* crear un comité = set up + committee.* crear un entorno = create + an environment.* crear un equilibrio = establish + a balance.* crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.* crear un fondo común de experiencias profesionales = pool + expertise.* crear un grupo = set up + group.* crear un índice = generate + index.* crear un mercado para = produce + a market for.* crear un perfil = compile + profile, formulate + profile.* crear un servidor web = open up + web site.* crear vínculos = build up + links.* crear vínculos afectivos = bond.* oposición + crear = opposition + line up.* que crea adicción = addictive.* que crea hábito = addictive.* volver a crear = recreate [re-create].* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <obra/modelo/tendencia> to create, < producto> to developb) < sistema> to create, establish, set up; < institución> to set up, create; <comisión/fondo> to set up; < empleo> to create; < ciudad> to build2) <dificultades/problemas> to cause, create; <ambiente/clima> to create; <fama/prestigio> to bring; < reputación> to earn2.* * *= design (for/to), construct, create, engender, establish, fashion, forge, form, invent, set up, compose, originate, bring into + being, mint, found, institute, come into + existence, mother, come up with.Ex: In lists designed for international use a symbolic notation instead of textual notes may be used.
Ex: The objective in executing these three stages is to construct a document profile which reflects its subject = El propósito de llevar a cabo estas tres etapas es elaborar un perfil documental que refleje su materia.Ex: National agencies creating MARC records use national standards within their own country, and re-format records to UNIMARC for international exchange.Ex: In addition to problems with new subjects which lacked 'accepted' or established names, this guiding principle engendered inconsistency in the form of headings.Ex: The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.Ex: The preliminary discussions and proposals which led up to the AACR, did start out with an attempt to fashion an ideology, a philosophical context, for those rules.Ex: This article calls on libraries to forge a renewed national commitment to cooperate in the building of a national information network for scholarly communications.Ex: Formed in 1969, the first operational system was implemented in 1972-3.Ex: Frequently, but not always, this same process will have been attempted by the author when inventing the title, and this explains why the title is often a useful aid to indexing.Ex: By imposing a ban one is only likely to set up antagonism and frustration which will turn against the very thing we are trying to encourage.Ex: There have never been any attempts to compose a bibliography of US government documents relating to international law.Ex: In the 'office of the present', a document is usually produced by several people: someone, say an administrator or manager, who originates and checks it, a typist, who prepares the text, and a draughtsman or artist who prepares the diagrams.Ex: MARC was brought into being originally to facilitate the creation of LC catalogue cards.Ex: The article 'The newly minted MLS: what do we need to know today?' describes the skills which, ideally, every US library school graduate should possess at the end of the 1990s.Ex: The earliest community information service in Australia dates from as recently as 1958 when Citizens' Advice Bureaux, modelled on their British namesake, were founded in Perth = El primer servicio de información ciudadana de Australia es reciente y data de 1958 cuando se creó en Perth la Oficina de Información al Ciudadano, a imitación de su homónima británica.Ex: The librarians have instituted a series of campaigns, including displays and leaflets on specific issues, eg family income supplement, rent and rates rebates, and school grants.Ex: Some university libraries have been built up over the centuries; others have come into existence over the last 40 years.Ex: Necessity mothers invention, and certainly invention in the presentation of books mothers surprised interest.Ex: Derfer corroborated her: 'I'd be very proud of you if you could come up with the means to draft a model collection development policy'.* crear adicción = be addictive.* crear alianzas = form + alliances, make + alliances.* crear apoyo = build + support.* crear canales para = establish + channels for.* crear con gran destreza = craft.* crear consenso = forge + consensus.* crear demanda = make + demand.* crear de nuevo = recreate [re-create].* crear desconfianza = create + distrust.* crear desesperación = yield + despair.* crear falsas ilusiones = create + false illusions.* crear interés = build + interest.* crear la ilusión = generate + illusion.* crear lazos = build up + links.* crear lazos afectivos = bond.* crear posibilidades = open + window, create + possibilities.* crear problemas = make + waves, build up + problems, make + trouble.* crear prototipos = prototype.* crear relaciones = structure + relationships.* crearse = build up, hew.* crearse el prestigio de ser = establish + a record as.* crear servidor web = put up + web site.* crearse una identidad = forge + identity.* crearse una vida = build + life.* crear una alianza = forge + alliance.* crear una base = form + a basis.* crear una buena impresión en = make + a good impression on.* crear una coalición = forge + coalition.* crear una colección = build + collection.* crear un acuerdo = work out + agreement.* crear una familia = have + a family.* crear una ilusión = create + illusion.* crear una imagen = build + an image, create + image, summon up + image.* crear una injusticia = create + injustice.* crear una marca de identidad = branding.* crear una ocasión = create + opportunity.* crear una preocupación = create + concern.* crear una situación = create + a situation.* crear un clima = promote + climate.* crear un comité = set up + committee.* crear un entorno = create + an environment.* crear un equilibrio = establish + a balance.* crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.* crear un fondo común de experiencias profesionales = pool + expertise.* crear un grupo = set up + group.* crear un índice = generate + index.* crear un mercado para = produce + a market for.* crear un perfil = compile + profile, formulate + profile.* crear un servidor web = open up + web site.* crear vínculos = build up + links.* crear vínculos afectivos = bond.* oposición + crear = opposition + line up.* que crea adicción = addictive.* que crea hábito = addictive.* volver a crear = recreate [re-create].* * *crear [A1 ]vtA1 ‹obra/modelo› to create; ‹tendencia› to createcrear una nueva imagen para el producto to create a new image for the productcrearon un producto revolucionario they developed o created a revolutionary product2 ‹sistema› to create, establish, set up; ‹institución› to set up, create; ‹comisión/fondo› to set up; ‹empleo› to createcrearon una ciudad en pleno desierto they built a city in the middle of the desertB ‹dificultades/problemas› to cause, create; ‹ambiente/clima› to create; ‹fama/prestigio› to bring; ‹reputación› to earnsu arrogancia le creó muchas enemistades his arrogance made him many enemiesno quiero crear falsas expectativas en mis alumnos I don't want to raise false hopes among my students, I don't want to give my students false hopesse crea muchas dificultades he creates o makes a lot of problems for himself¿para qué te creas más trabajo? why make more work for yourself?será difícil llenar el vacío creado con su desaparición it will be difficult to fill the gap left by his death* * *
crear ( conjugate crear) verbo transitivo
to create;
‹ producto› to develop;
‹institución/comisión/fondo› to set up;
‹fama/prestigio› to bring;
‹ reputación› to earn;◊ crea muchos problemas it causes o creates a lot of problems;
no quiero crear falsas expectativas I don't want to raise false hopes
crearse verbo pronominal ‹ problema› to create … for oneself;
‹ enemigos› to make
crear verbo transitivo to create
' crear' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
falsificar
- hacer
- ilusionar
- infundio
- rompecabezas
- constituir
- formar
- meter
English:
boat
- bonding
- create
- fashion
- never-never land
- rapport
- stage
- afoot
- develop
- devise
- disrupt
- establish
- illusion
- set
- you
* * *♦ vt1. [hacer, producir, originar] to create;crear empleo/riqueza to create jobs/wealth;han creado un nuevo ministerio para él they have created a new ministry for him;me crea muchos problemas it gives me a lot of trouble, it causes me a lot of problems;Picasso creó escuela Picasso's works have had a seminal influence2. [inventar] to invent;[poema, sinfonía] to compose, to write; [cuadro] to paint3. [fundar] to found* * *v/t create; empresa set up* * *crear vt1) : to create, to cause2) : to originate* * *crear vb1. (en general) to createlas esculturas que el artista ha creado en los últimos años the sculptures created by the artist during the last few years2. (comité, empresa, etc) to set up -
42 transfer
1) ( move)she \transferred her gun from its shoulder holster to her handbag sie nahm ihre Waffe aus dem Schulterhalfter heraus und steckte sie in ihre Handtasche;all passengers were \transferred out of one bus and into another alle Passagiere mussten von einem Bus in einen anderen umsteigen;to \transfer sb to a hospital jdn in ein Krankenhaus einweisen;to \transfer money Geld überweisen2) ( re-assign)to \transfer sb jdn versetzen;to be/get \transferred versetzt werden;to \transfer sth etw übertragen;to \transfer power die Macht abgeben;to \transfer responsibility die Verantwortung übertragen3) ( redirect)to \transfer a call ein Gespräch weiterleiten;to \transfer one's emotions/ affections to sb new jd anderem seine Gefühle/Zuneigung schenken4) ( change ownership)to \transfer a house/ property to sb ein Haus/Eigentum auf jdn überschreiben;to \transfer a title/ rights einen Titel/Rechte übertragento \transfer sb jdn verkaufen\transfered meaning/ use of a word or phrase übertragene Bedeutung/übertragener Gebrauch eines Wortes oder Satzes vi <- rr-> [træn(t)sʼfɜ:ʳ, Am -fɜ:r](change club, university) wechseln (to in/nach +akk)2) (change buses, trains) umsteigen\transfer of capital Kapitaltransfer m;\transfer of power Machtübertragung fto request a \transfer um Transfer bitten\transfer of information Informationstransfer m -
43 patent
(pat; Pat; Pt)юр. n патент; привілей; переважне право; патентування; a патентований; патентний; v патентувати; брати патентдокумент, виданий урядовою установою винахіднику, що засвідчує авторство, право на винахід та виключне право на його використання протягом визначеного терміну; ♦ патент захищає винахідника від конкурентів, є видом інтелектуальної власності (intellectual property) та належить до категорії нематеріальних активів (intangible assets)═════════■═════════basic patent основний патент; borderline patent спірний патент; broad patent патент з широким визначенням винаходу; cancelled patent скасований патент; competing patent конкурентний патент; confirmation patent затверджений патент; design patent • патент на проект • патент на конструкцію • патент на промисловий зразок; device patent патент на прилад; drug patent патент на медикамент; existing patent чинний патент; expired patent патент із закінченим терміном чинності; foreign patent закордонний патент; improvement patent патент на удосконалення; independent patent незалежний патент; infringing patent що порушує патент; inoperative patent нечинний патент; invalid patent нечинний патент; issued patent виданий патент; joint patent спільний патент; key patent основний патент; lapsed patent патент із закінченим терміном чинності; letters patent патентна грамота; litigious patent спірний патент; main patent основний патент; method patent патент на спосіб; minor patent малий патент; parent patent основний патент; petty patent обмежений патент; process patent патент на спосіб • патент на технологічний процес; product patent патент на виріб; questionable patent спірний патент; registered patent оформлений патент; reinstated patent відновлений патент; related patent споріднений патент; secret patent таємний патент; small patent малий патент; standard patent стандартний патент; subordinate patent залежний патент; unexpired patent чинний патент; universal patent універсальний патент; valid patent чинний патент; valuable patent цінний патент═════════□═════════patent for a design патент на проект • патент на конструкцію • патент на промисловий зразок; patent for improvement патент на удосконалення; patent holder власник патенту; patent in force чинний патент; patent infringement порушення патенту; patent monopoly патентна монополія; patent on an invention патент на винахід; patent rights право на патент; patent specification опис патенту; to abandon a patent відмовлятися/відмовитися від патенту; to apply for a patent заявляти/заявити прохання щодо права на патент; to assign a patent призначати/призначити патент; to avoid granting a patent заперечувати/заперечити патент; to cancel a patent скасовувати/скасувати патент; to circumvent a patent уникати/уникнути патенту; to contest a patent заперечувати/заперечити патент; to deliver a patent видавати/видати патент; to dispute a patent заперечувати/заперечити патент; to exploit a patent використовувати/використати патент; to extend a patent продовжувати/продовжити строк чинності патенту; to file a patent оформляти/оформити патент; to forfeit a patent втрачати/втратити право на патент; to get a patent одержувати/одержати патент; to grant a patent видавати/видати патент; to have the right to a patent мати право на патент; to hold a patent мати патент; to infringe onapatent порушувати/порушити патент; to invalidate a patent визнавати/ визнати патент нечинним; to issue a patent видавати/видати патент; to litigate a patent заперечувати/заперечити патент через суд; to nullify a patent скасовувати/скасувати патент; to obtain a patent одержувати/одержати патент; to oppose a patent протиставлятися/протиставитися патентові; to pool patents об'єднувати/об'єднати патенти; to put a patent into practice застосовувати/застосувати патент; to receive a patent одержувати/одержати патент; to refuse a patent відмовлятися/відмовитися видати патент; to reject a patent відмовлятися/відмовитися видати патент; to reinstate a patent відновлювати/відновити патент; to renew a patent відновлювати/відновити патент; to secure a patent одержувати/одержати патент • діставати/дістати патент • здобувати/здобути патент; to sell a patent продавати/продати патент; to take out a patent брати/взяти патент; to transfer a patent передавати/передати патент; to use a patent користуватися патентом; to vend a patent продавати/продати патент; to violate a patent порушувати/порушити патент; to withdraw a patent скасовувати/скасувати патент; to withhold a patent припиняти/припинити видачу патентуpatent ‡ A. assets¹ (383)═════════◇═════════патент < лат. patens (patentis) — відкритий, очевидний; пор. нім. Patent < фр. lettre patente < лат. litterae patentes (СІС: 506; Фасмер 111: 216)пор. copyrightпор. trademark -
44 Demenÿ, Georges
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1850 Douai, France d. 1917[br]French chronophotographer.[br]As a young man Georges Demenÿ was a pioneer of physical education in France, and this led him to contact the physiologist Professor Marey in 1880. Marey had made a special study of animal movement, and Demenÿ hoped to work with him on research into physiological problems related to gymnastics. He joined Marey the following year, and when in 1882 the Physiological Station was set up near Paris to develop sequence photography for the study of movement. Demenÿ was made Head of the laboratory. He worked with the multiple-image fixed-plate cameras, and was chiefly responsible for the analysis of the records, having considerable mathematical and graphical ability. He also appeared as the subject in a number of the sequences. When in 1888 Marey began the development of a film camera, Demenÿ was involved in its design and operation. He became interested in the possibility of using animated sequence photographs as an aid to teaching of the deaf. He made close-up records of himself speaking short phrases, "Je vous aime" and "Vive la France" for example, which were published in such journals as Paris Photographe and La Nature in 1891 and 1892. To present these in motion, he devised the Phonoscope, which he patented on 3 March 1892. The series of photographs were mounted around the circumference of a disc and viewed through a counter-rotating slotted disc. The moving images could be viewed directly, or projected onto a screen. La Nature reported tests he had made in which deaf lip readers could interpret accurately what was being said. On 20 December 1892 Demenÿ formed a company, Société Générale du Phonoscope, to exploit his invention, hoping that "speaking portraits" might replace family-album pictures. This commercial activity led to a rift between Marey and Demenÿ in July 1893. Deprived of access to the film cameras, Demenÿ developed designs of his own, patenting new camera models in France on 10 October 1893 and 27 July 1894. The design covered by the latter had been included in English and German patents filed in December 1893, and was to be of some significance in the early development of cinematography. It was for an intermittent movement of the film, which used an eccentrically mounted blade or roller that, as it rotated, bore on the film, pulling down the length of one frame. As the blade moved away, the film loop so formed was taken up by the rotation of the take-up reel. This "beater" movement was employed extensively in the early years of cinematography, being effective yet inexpensive. It was first employed in the Chronophotographe apparatus marketed by Gaumont, to whom Demenÿ had licensed the patent rights, from the autumn of 1896. Demenÿ's work provided a link between the scientific purposes of sequence photography— chronophotography—and the introduction of commercial cinematography.[br]Further ReadingJ.Deslandes, 1966, Histoire comparée du cinéma, Vol. I, Paris. B.Coe, 1992, Muybridge and the Chronophotographers, London.BC -
45 Evans, Oliver
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 13 September 1755 Newport, Delaware, USAd. 15 April 1819 New York, USA[br]American millwright and inventor of the first automatic corn mill.[br]He was the fifth child of Charles and Ann Stalcrop Evans, and by the age of 15 he had four sisters and seven brothers. Nothing is known of his schooling, but at the age of 17 he was apprenticed to a Newport wheelwright and wagon-maker. At 19 he was enrolled in a Delaware Militia Company in the Revolutionary War but did not see active service. About this time he invented a machine for bending and cutting off the wires in textile carding combs. In July 1782, with his younger brother, Joseph, he moved to Tuckahoe on the eastern shore of the Delaware River, where he had the basic idea of the automatic flour mill. In July 1782, with his elder brothers John and Theophilus, he bought part of his father's Newport farm, on Red Clay Creek, and planned to build a mill there. In 1793 he married Sarah Tomlinson, daughter of a Delaware farmer, and joined his brothers at Red Clay Creek. He worked there for some seven years on his automatic mill, from about 1783 to 1790.His system for the automatic flour mill consisted of bucket elevators to raise the grain, a horizontal screw conveyor, other conveying devices and a "hopper boy" to cool and dry the meal before gathering it into a hopper feeding the bolting cylinder. Together these components formed the automatic process, from incoming wheat to outgoing flour packed in barrels. At that time the idea of such automation had not been applied to any manufacturing process in America. The mill opened, on a non-automatic cycle, in 1785. In January 1786 Evans applied to the Delaware legislature for a twenty-five-year patent, which was granted on 30 January 1787 although there was much opposition from the Quaker millers of Wilmington and elsewhere. He also applied for patents in Pennsylvania, Maryland and New Hampshire. In May 1789 he went to see the mill of the four Ellicot brothers, near Baltimore, where he was impressed by the design of a horizontal screw conveyor by Jonathan Ellicot and exchanged the rights to his own elevator for those of this machine. After six years' work on his automatic mill, it was completed in 1790. In the autumn of that year a miller in Brandywine ordered a set of Evans's machinery, which set the trend toward its general adoption. A model of it was shown in the Market Street shop window of Robert Leslie, a watch-and clockmaker in Philadelphia, who also took it to England but was unsuccessful in selling the idea there.In 1790 the Federal Plant Laws were passed; Evans's patent was the third to come within the new legislation. A detailed description with a plate was published in a Philadelphia newspaper in January 1791, the first of a proposed series, but the paper closed and the series came to nothing. His brother Joseph went on a series of sales trips, with the result that some machinery of Evans's design was adopted. By 1792 over one hundred mills had been equipped with Evans's machinery, the millers paying a royalty of $40 for each pair of millstones in use. The series of articles that had been cut short formed the basis of Evans's The Young Millwright and Miller's Guide, published first in 1795 after Evans had moved to Philadelphia to set up a store selling milling supplies; it was 440 pages long and ran to fifteen editions between 1795 and 1860.Evans was fairly successful as a merchant. He patented a method of making millstones as well as a means of packing flour in barrels, the latter having a disc pressed down by a toggle-joint arrangement. In 1801 he started to build a steam carriage. He rejected the idea of a steam wheel and of a low-pressure or atmospheric engine. By 1803 his first engine was running at his store, driving a screw-mill working on plaster of Paris for making millstones. The engine had a 6 in. (15 cm) diameter cylinder with a stroke of 18 in. (45 cm) and also drove twelve saws mounted in a frame and cutting marble slabs at a rate of 100 ft (30 m) in twelve hours. He was granted a patent in the spring of 1804. He became involved in a number of lawsuits following the extension of his patent, particularly as he increased the licence fee, sometimes as much as sixfold. The case of Evans v. Samuel Robinson, which Evans won, became famous and was one of these. Patent Right Oppression Exposed, or Knavery Detected, a 200-page book with poems and prose included, was published soon after this case and was probably written by Oliver Evans. The steam engine patent was also extended for a further seven years, but in this case the licence fee was to remain at a fixed level. Evans anticipated Edison in his proposal for an "Experimental Company" or "Mechanical Bureau" with a capital of thirty shares of $100 each. It came to nothing, however, as there were no takers. His first wife, Sarah, died in 1816 and he remarried, to Hetty Ward, the daughter of a New York innkeeper. He was buried in the Bowery, on Lower Manhattan; the church was sold in 1854 and again in 1890, and when no relative claimed his body he was reburied in an unmarked grave in Trinity Cemetery, 57th Street, Broadway.[br]Further ReadingE.S.Ferguson, 1980, Oliver Evans: Inventive Genius of the American Industrial Revolution, Hagley Museum.G.Bathe and D.Bathe, 1935, Oliver Evans: Chronicle of Early American Engineering, Philadelphia, Pa.IMcN -
46 Howden, James
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 29 February 1832 Prestonpans, East Lothian, Scotlandd. 21 November 1913 Glasgow, Scotland[br]Scottish engineer and boilermaker, inventor of the forced-draught system for the boiler combustion chamber.[br]Howden was educated in Prestonpans. While aged only 14 or 15, he travelled across Scotland by canal to Glasgow, where he served an engineering apprenticeship with James Gray \& Co. In 1853 he completed his time and for some months served with the civil engineers Bell and Miller, and then with Robert Griffiths, a designer of screw propellers for ships. In 1854, at the age of 22, Howden set up as a consulting engineer and designer. He designed a rivet-making machine from which he realized a fair sum by the sale of patent rights, this assisting him in converting the design business into a manufacturing one. His first contract for a marine engine came in 1859 for the compound steam engine and the watertube boilers of the Anchor Liner Ailsa Craig. This ship operated at 100 psi (approximately 7 kg/cm2), well above the norm for those days. James Howden \& Co. was formed in 1862. Despite operating in the world's most competitive market, the new company remained prosperous through the flow of inventions in marine propulsion. Shipbuilding was added to the company's list of services, but such work was subcontracted. Work was obtained from all the great shipping companies building in the Glasgow region, and with such throughput Howden's could afford research and experimentation. This led to the Howden hot-air forced-draught system, whereby furnace waste gases were used to heat the air being drawn into the combustion chambers. The first installation was on the New York City, built in 1885 for West Indian service. Howden's fertile mind brought about a fully enclosed high-speed marine steam engine in the 1900s and, shortly after, the Howden-Zoelly impulse steam turbine for land operation. Until his death, Howden worked on many technical and business problems: he was involved in the St Helena Whaling Company, marble quarrying in Greece and in the design of a recoilless gun for the Admiralty.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHowden was the last surviving member of the group who founded the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland in 1857.BibliographyHowden contributed several papers to the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland.Further ReadingC.W.Munn, 1986, "James Howden", Dictionary of Scottish Business Biography, Vol. I, Aberdeen.FMW -
47 Howe, William
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 12 May 1803 Spencer, Massachusetts, USAd. 19 September 1852 Springfield, Massachusetts, USA[br]American bridge engineer.[br]He was uncle of Elias Howe and spent his youth in the neighbourhood of his birthplace, primarily as a farmer. In 1838 he was commissioned to build a bridge at Warren, Massachusetts, for the Boston \& Albany Railway. He worked on this for two years, incorporating some novel features for which he applied for patents. His design was a truss with wooden diagonals and vertical iron ties in single and double systems which was said to be an improvement on the Long type of truss, introduced by Colonel Stephen Long in 1830. Howe was the first to incorporate the rectangular truss frame. Soon after this, he was to use his patent truss over the Connecticut River at Springfield for the Western Railroad. So successful was he that he became engaged for the rest of his life in the design of bridges and roof trusses, which, together with selling royalties for the rights to his patents, brought to him a considerable fortune. Many Howe truss bridges were built until the introduction of the iron bridge. In 1846 he took out a third patent for an improvement in the original rectangular truss, consisting of a curved timber member rising from each buttress to the centre of the span and greatly adding to the strength.[br]Further ReadingDictionary of American Biography, 1932–3, New York: Charles Scribner.IMcN -
48 Ingersoll, Simon
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 3 March 1818 Stamford, Connecticut, USAd. 24 July 1894 Stamford, Connecticut, USA[br]American mechanic, inventor of a rock drill[br]Ingersoll worked on his father's farm and spent much of his time carrying out all kinds of mechanical experiments until 1839, when he went to Long Island, New York, to work on another farm. Having returned home in 1858, he received several patents for different mechanical devices, but he did not know how to turn his inventive talent into economic profit. His patents were sold to others for money to continue his work and support his family. In 1870, working again on Long Island, he by chance came into contact with New York City's largest contractor, who urged him to design a mechanical rock drill in order to replace hand drills in the rock-excavation business. Within one year Ingersoll built several models and a full-size machine at the machine shop of Henry Clark Sergeant, who contributed several improvements. They secured a joint patent in 1871, which was soon followed by a patent for a rock drill with tappet-valve motion.Although the Ingersoll Drill Company was established, he again sold the patent rights and went back to Stamford, where he continued his inventive work and gained several more patents for improving the rock drill. However, he never understood how to make a fortune from his patents, and he died almost penniless. His former partner, Sergeant, who had formed his own drill company on the basis of an entirely novel valve motion which led to compressed air being used as a power source, in 1888 established the Ingersoll- Sergeant Drill Company, which in 1905 merged with Rand Drill Company, which had been a competitor, to form the Ingersoll-Rand Company. This merger led to many achievements in manufacturing rock drills and air compressors at a time when there was growing demand for such machinery.[br]Further ReadingDictionary of American Biography (articles on both Ingersoll and Sergeant). W.L.Saunders, 1910, "The history of the rock drill and of the Ingersoll-Rand Company", Compressed Air Magazine: 3,679–80 (a lively description of the way in which he was encouraged to design the rock drill).WK -
49 صمم
صَمَّمَ \ design: to make a design for: I’m designing a new kind of bridge. determine: to decide; be the cause of; control: We must determine the rights and wrongs of the case. The weather determines the size of the crop. make up one’s mind: to decide, after much thought: He made up his mind to punish them, to decide after much thought He made up his mind to tell them everything. resolve: to decide after careful thought. \ صَمَّمَ \ be going to: (said in a strong voice; expressing a firm decision) to be determined to: I’m going to cut down that tree, whether you agree or not. \ See Also عَقَد العزمَ على -
50 determine
صَمَّمَ \ design: to make a design for: I’m designing a new kind of bridge. determine: to decide; be the cause of; control: We must determine the rights and wrongs of the case. The weather determines the size of the crop. make up one’s mind: to decide, after much thought: He made up his mind to punish them, to decide after much thought He made up his mind to tell them everything. resolve: to decide after careful thought. -
51 make up one’s mind
صَمَّمَ \ design: to make a design for: I’m designing a new kind of bridge. determine: to decide; be the cause of; control: We must determine the rights and wrongs of the case. The weather determines the size of the crop. make up one’s mind: to decide, after much thought: He made up his mind to punish them, to decide after much thought He made up his mind to tell them everything. resolve: to decide after careful thought. -
52 resolve
صَمَّمَ \ design: to make a design for: I’m designing a new kind of bridge. determine: to decide; be the cause of; control: We must determine the rights and wrongs of the case. The weather determines the size of the crop. make up one’s mind: to decide, after much thought: He made up his mind to punish them, to decide after much thought He made up his mind to tell them everything. resolve: to decide after careful thought. -
53 registration
ˌredʒɪsˈtreɪʃən сущ.
1) регистрация, регистрирование;
запись to conduct registration ≈ записывать, регистрировать gun registration ≈ разрешение на ношение оружия periodic registration ≈ регулярная перерегистрация избирателей voter registration ≈ регистрация участников голосования
2) воен. пристрелка (тж. registration fire) регистрация, регистрирование;
внесение в список, в реестр и т. п. регистрация, запись актов гражданского состояния постановка на военный учет - * certificate( военное) приписное свидетельство (американизм) общее количество записанных;
списочный состав поступивших (в школы и т. п.) (регистрационная) запись - * number( разговорное) номер автомашины показание( прибора) (военное) пристрелка (полиграфия) приводка advance ~ предварительная регистрация car ~ регистрация автомобиля clean ~ of title регистрация права собственности без оговорок compulsory ~ обязательная регистрация design ~ регистрация промышленного образца employer's ~ number регистрационный номер работодателя formal ~ официальная регистрация land ~ регистрация земельных участков new car ~ регистрация нового автомобиля registration внесение в список, реестр, регистр ~ вчт. запись ~ запись актов гражданского состояния ~ отметка ~ оформление ~ показание прибора ~ воен. пристрелка (тж. registration fire) ~ прописка ~ регистрационная запись ~ регистрация;
запись ~ регистрация ~ вчт. регистрация ~ регистрация ~ регистрирование ~ учет ~ in commercial register отметка в торговой книге ~ in domestic register регистрационная запись во внутреннем регистре ~ in land register регистрационная запись в кадастре ~ of bankruptcy регистрация банкротства ~ of bulk-issue bond регистрация облигации массового выпуска ~ of conveyance регистрация доставки ~ of document of conveyance регистрация документа о доставке ~ of land регистрация землевладений ~ of mortgage deeds on real property регистрация залоговых сертификатов на недвижимость ~ of protest регистрация опротестования векселя ~ of pupils запись учащихся ~ of rights in land оформление прав на землю ~ of shareholder's name поименная регистрация акционеров ~ of title оформление права на имущество ~ of title регистрация правового титула ~ of title deed регистрация документа, подтверждающего право на имущество ~ of title in real property оформление права на недвижимость ~ to do business as foreign corporation регистрация предприятия как иностранной корпорации temporary ~ временная регистрация title ~ регистрация титулов trade mark ~ регистрация товарного знака unemployment ~ регистрация безработныхБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > registration
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54 intellectual property
сокр. IP пат., юр. интеллектуальная собственность (исключительные права на литературные, художественные и научные произведения, компьютерные программы и базы данных, изобретения, промышленные образцы, полезные модели, а также приравненные к результатам интеллектуальной деятельности средства индивидуализации юридического лица, такие как фирменные наименования, товарные знаки, знаки обслуживания)See:industrial model, business name, trademark, service mark, geographical indication, industrial property, patent, copyright, industrial design, trade secret, know-how, integrated circuit layout, intellectual property right, counterfeiting, intellectual property insurance, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property, International Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property, priority foreign country, International Intellectual Property Alliance, piracy* * *. правовые отношения по поводу владения, распоряжения и использования продуктов интеллектуальной деятельности. Объектами И.с., имеющими денежное выражение, являются: и техническое новшество; и запатентованная идея; и новаторское решение менеджера, дизайнера, модельера; и перспективная социальная модель и т.д. . Словарь экономических терминов 1 . -
55 ADR
1) Общая лексика: Agreement on Dangerous Goods by Road (Европа - АД), amicable dispute resolution (http://www.iccwbo.org/index_adr.asp), АДР (депозитарная расписка), advanced deviation request, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, Автозаказ2) Авиация: air data reference, airborne data loader3) Морской термин: advisory course (сокр.) (рекомендованный курс)4) Медицина: нежелательная реакция (adverse drug reaction), расширенное диагностическое исследование больного (advanced diagnostic research), побочная реакция на препарат (adverse drug reaction), неблагоприятная лекарственная реакция, неблагоприятная реакция на препарат, серьезное побочное явление5) Военный термин: Automatic Data Relay, advance deviations report, advanced development report, advisory route, air defense readiness, air defense region, air defense requirements, air-launched drone rocket, aircraft direction room, aircraft discrepancy report, airfield damage repair, ammunition disposition report, ammunition disposition request6) Техника: acceptable degradation rate, airborne digital recorder, analog-to-digital recorder, angle data recorder, automatic digital relay7) Шутливое выражение: Another Driver Retires8) Религия: Army Of Divine Rights9) Юридический термин: Amicable Dispute Resolution, альтернативное разрешение споров (alternative dispute resolution), alternative dispute resolution, альтернативные методы разрешения споров10) Бухгалтерия: Asset Depreciation Range, Average Daily Rate, срок службы актива (устанавливаемый Налоговым управлением США для начисления износа определённых активов, asset depreciation range)11) Автомобильный термин: Automatic Distance Regulation (Krokodil), (Automatic Distance Regulation) автоматическое регулирование расстояния (система по поддержанию безопасного расстояния до впереди идущего автомобиля) (Krokodil)12) Биржевой термин: Annual Dividend Ratio, американское депозитарное свидетельство (American depository receipt), свободнообращающаяся расписка на иностранные акции, депонированная в банке США (American depository receipt), American Depositary Receipts13) Гидрография: auxiliary data receiver (сокр.) (приёмник вспомогательных данных)14) Кино: audio dilog replacement (дублирование фильма. ex.: ADR translation)15) Радио: Additional Dialog Recording, Advanced Digital Radio16) Сокращение: Accident Data Recorder, Advanced Digital Receiver, Air Data Relay, Air Defence Region (UK), Air Defense Reticle (USA), Airborne Data Relay, Armoured Delivery Regiment (UK), adverse drug reaction (препарата), неблагоприятная побочная реакция (препарата), European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Roads (Европейское соглашение о международной дорожной перевозке опасных грузов, ДОПОГ)17) Электроника: Aperture Direct Readout, Audio Dialog Replacement, Automatic Dialog Recording18) Вычислительная техника: Automated Distance Regulation (Auto), Advanced Digital Recording (Streamer, Philips, OnStream), analog digital recorder (сокр.) (аналого-цифровой регистратор)19) Нефть: activities and deliverables register, приемлемая скорость ухудшения рабочих характеристик (acceptable degradation rate)20) Иммунология: Animal Drug Request21) Онкология: Adverse Drug Reaction22) Банковское дело: свободно обращающаяся расписка на иностранные акции, депонированная в банке США (American depositary receipt)23) Транспорт: Agent D Reaper, Automated Demand Resolution, Automatic Driver Recognition, Европейское соглашение о перевозке опасных грузов (ADR = Agreement on Dangerous Goods by Road (Europe) http://www.trustline.ru/adr/)24) Атомная энергия: МПД (absorbed dose rate( мощность поглощенной дозы), измеряется в Гр/ч)25) Экология: Agreement on Dangerous Goods by Road27) Деловая лексика: Administrative Dispute Resolution, American Depository Receipt28) Инвестиции: American depositary receipt29) Автоматика: automatic diagnostic and recovery system30) Военно-морской флот: arrival discrepancy report (сокр.) (донесение о причинах несвоевременного прибытия), Aviation Machinist's Mate R (Reciprocating Engine Mechanic) (сокр.) (старшина — авиационный механик по поршневым двигателям)31) Расширение файла: AfterDark Randomizer screensaver, Opera Browser Bookmark - Extension32) Логистика: Европейский закон, регулирующий международные автотранспортные перевозки опасных грузов (Agreement on Dangerous Goods by Road)33) Военно-политический термин: Air Defence Region34) Каспий: asset depreciation rate35) Снабжение: запрос на усложнённое изменение36) Программное обеспечение: Australian Design Rules37) Международные перевозки: European Agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road -
56 ARD
1) Компьютерная техника: Abi Respondents Database2) Американизм: Annual Review Database3) Военный термин: Air Reserve district, Armament Research Department, Armament Research and Development, Army Renegotiation Division, Auxiliary Repair Drydock, acute radiation dose, advanced research division, ammunition reliability division, antiradar dispenser, antirecovery device, automatic release date4) Техника: average response data device5) Юридический термин: Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition6) Горное дело: Acid Rock Drainage (e.g. "ARD Tests" to assess the potentials of acid formation by waste rock)7) Телекоммуникации: Automatic Ring Down8) Сокращение: Accelerated Rural Development, Active Radar Demonstrator, All Round Defence (UK), American Research and Development, Anti-Radar Drone, Anti-Reflective Device, Auxiliary Repair Dry dock (USA)9) Университет: Admission Review And Dismissal, Admission Review Or Dismissal10) Физиология: Aerosol Solid With Adapter11) Нефть: approximate reverberation deconvolution12) Транспорт: Aviation Recreation Design13) Экология: дренаж [кислых вод] из кислотообразующих пород (Acid Rock Drainage)14) Деловая лексика: Annual Review And Determination15) Американский английский: ОРЗ (острое респираторное заболевание - acute respiratory disease)16) Макаров: airborne radiometrics17) Евросоюз: (Aquired Rights Directive) Директива о приобретаемых правах (Директива ЕС, защищающая интересы наемных работников при передаче или переуступке предприятий или проектов.)18) Должность: Associate Regional Director -
57 Adr
1) Общая лексика: Agreement on Dangerous Goods by Road (Европа - АД), amicable dispute resolution (http://www.iccwbo.org/index_adr.asp), АДР (депозитарная расписка), advanced deviation request, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, Автозаказ2) Авиация: air data reference, airborne data loader3) Морской термин: advisory course (сокр.) (рекомендованный курс)4) Медицина: нежелательная реакция (adverse drug reaction), расширенное диагностическое исследование больного (advanced diagnostic research), побочная реакция на препарат (adverse drug reaction), неблагоприятная лекарственная реакция, неблагоприятная реакция на препарат, серьезное побочное явление5) Военный термин: Automatic Data Relay, advance deviations report, advanced development report, advisory route, air defense readiness, air defense region, air defense requirements, air-launched drone rocket, aircraft direction room, aircraft discrepancy report, airfield damage repair, ammunition disposition report, ammunition disposition request6) Техника: acceptable degradation rate, airborne digital recorder, analog-to-digital recorder, angle data recorder, automatic digital relay7) Шутливое выражение: Another Driver Retires8) Религия: Army Of Divine Rights9) Юридический термин: Amicable Dispute Resolution, альтернативное разрешение споров (alternative dispute resolution), alternative dispute resolution, альтернативные методы разрешения споров10) Бухгалтерия: Asset Depreciation Range, Average Daily Rate, срок службы актива (устанавливаемый Налоговым управлением США для начисления износа определённых активов, asset depreciation range)11) Автомобильный термин: Automatic Distance Regulation (Krokodil), (Automatic Distance Regulation) автоматическое регулирование расстояния (система по поддержанию безопасного расстояния до впереди идущего автомобиля) (Krokodil)12) Биржевой термин: Annual Dividend Ratio, американское депозитарное свидетельство (American depository receipt), свободнообращающаяся расписка на иностранные акции, депонированная в банке США (American depository receipt), American Depositary Receipts13) Гидрография: auxiliary data receiver (сокр.) (приёмник вспомогательных данных)14) Кино: audio dilog replacement (дублирование фильма. ex.: ADR translation)15) Радио: Additional Dialog Recording, Advanced Digital Radio16) Сокращение: Accident Data Recorder, Advanced Digital Receiver, Air Data Relay, Air Defence Region (UK), Air Defense Reticle (USA), Airborne Data Relay, Armoured Delivery Regiment (UK), adverse drug reaction (препарата), неблагоприятная побочная реакция (препарата), European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Roads (Европейское соглашение о международной дорожной перевозке опасных грузов, ДОПОГ)17) Электроника: Aperture Direct Readout, Audio Dialog Replacement, Automatic Dialog Recording18) Вычислительная техника: Automated Distance Regulation (Auto), Advanced Digital Recording (Streamer, Philips, OnStream), analog digital recorder (сокр.) (аналого-цифровой регистратор)19) Нефть: activities and deliverables register, приемлемая скорость ухудшения рабочих характеристик (acceptable degradation rate)20) Иммунология: Animal Drug Request21) Онкология: Adverse Drug Reaction22) Банковское дело: свободно обращающаяся расписка на иностранные акции, депонированная в банке США (American depositary receipt)23) Транспорт: Agent D Reaper, Automated Demand Resolution, Automatic Driver Recognition, Европейское соглашение о перевозке опасных грузов (ADR = Agreement on Dangerous Goods by Road (Europe) http://www.trustline.ru/adr/)24) Атомная энергия: МПД (absorbed dose rate( мощность поглощенной дозы), измеряется в Гр/ч)25) Экология: Agreement on Dangerous Goods by Road27) Деловая лексика: Administrative Dispute Resolution, American Depository Receipt28) Инвестиции: American depositary receipt29) Автоматика: automatic diagnostic and recovery system30) Военно-морской флот: arrival discrepancy report (сокр.) (донесение о причинах несвоевременного прибытия), Aviation Machinist's Mate R (Reciprocating Engine Mechanic) (сокр.) (старшина — авиационный механик по поршневым двигателям)31) Расширение файла: AfterDark Randomizer screensaver, Opera Browser Bookmark - Extension32) Логистика: Европейский закон, регулирующий международные автотранспортные перевозки опасных грузов (Agreement on Dangerous Goods by Road)33) Военно-политический термин: Air Defence Region34) Каспий: asset depreciation rate35) Снабжение: запрос на усложнённое изменение36) Программное обеспечение: Australian Design Rules37) Международные перевозки: European Agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road -
58 adr
1) Общая лексика: Agreement on Dangerous Goods by Road (Европа - АД), amicable dispute resolution (http://www.iccwbo.org/index_adr.asp), АДР (депозитарная расписка), advanced deviation request, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, Автозаказ2) Авиация: air data reference, airborne data loader3) Морской термин: advisory course (сокр.) (рекомендованный курс)4) Медицина: нежелательная реакция (adverse drug reaction), расширенное диагностическое исследование больного (advanced diagnostic research), побочная реакция на препарат (adverse drug reaction), неблагоприятная лекарственная реакция, неблагоприятная реакция на препарат, серьезное побочное явление5) Военный термин: Automatic Data Relay, advance deviations report, advanced development report, advisory route, air defense readiness, air defense region, air defense requirements, air-launched drone rocket, aircraft direction room, aircraft discrepancy report, airfield damage repair, ammunition disposition report, ammunition disposition request6) Техника: acceptable degradation rate, airborne digital recorder, analog-to-digital recorder, angle data recorder, automatic digital relay7) Шутливое выражение: Another Driver Retires8) Религия: Army Of Divine Rights9) Юридический термин: Amicable Dispute Resolution, альтернативное разрешение споров (alternative dispute resolution), alternative dispute resolution, альтернативные методы разрешения споров10) Бухгалтерия: Asset Depreciation Range, Average Daily Rate, срок службы актива (устанавливаемый Налоговым управлением США для начисления износа определённых активов, asset depreciation range)11) Автомобильный термин: Automatic Distance Regulation (Krokodil), (Automatic Distance Regulation) автоматическое регулирование расстояния (система по поддержанию безопасного расстояния до впереди идущего автомобиля) (Krokodil)12) Биржевой термин: Annual Dividend Ratio, американское депозитарное свидетельство (American depository receipt), свободнообращающаяся расписка на иностранные акции, депонированная в банке США (American depository receipt), American Depositary Receipts13) Гидрография: auxiliary data receiver (сокр.) (приёмник вспомогательных данных)14) Кино: audio dilog replacement (дублирование фильма. ex.: ADR translation)15) Радио: Additional Dialog Recording, Advanced Digital Radio16) Сокращение: Accident Data Recorder, Advanced Digital Receiver, Air Data Relay, Air Defence Region (UK), Air Defense Reticle (USA), Airborne Data Relay, Armoured Delivery Regiment (UK), adverse drug reaction (препарата), неблагоприятная побочная реакция (препарата), European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Roads (Европейское соглашение о международной дорожной перевозке опасных грузов, ДОПОГ)17) Электроника: Aperture Direct Readout, Audio Dialog Replacement, Automatic Dialog Recording18) Вычислительная техника: Automated Distance Regulation (Auto), Advanced Digital Recording (Streamer, Philips, OnStream), analog digital recorder (сокр.) (аналого-цифровой регистратор)19) Нефть: activities and deliverables register, приемлемая скорость ухудшения рабочих характеристик (acceptable degradation rate)20) Иммунология: Animal Drug Request21) Онкология: Adverse Drug Reaction22) Банковское дело: свободно обращающаяся расписка на иностранные акции, депонированная в банке США (American depositary receipt)23) Транспорт: Agent D Reaper, Automated Demand Resolution, Automatic Driver Recognition, Европейское соглашение о перевозке опасных грузов (ADR = Agreement on Dangerous Goods by Road (Europe) http://www.trustline.ru/adr/)24) Атомная энергия: МПД (absorbed dose rate( мощность поглощенной дозы), измеряется в Гр/ч)25) Экология: Agreement on Dangerous Goods by Road27) Деловая лексика: Administrative Dispute Resolution, American Depository Receipt28) Инвестиции: American depositary receipt29) Автоматика: automatic diagnostic and recovery system30) Военно-морской флот: arrival discrepancy report (сокр.) (донесение о причинах несвоевременного прибытия), Aviation Machinist's Mate R (Reciprocating Engine Mechanic) (сокр.) (старшина — авиационный механик по поршневым двигателям)31) Расширение файла: AfterDark Randomizer screensaver, Opera Browser Bookmark - Extension32) Логистика: Европейский закон, регулирующий международные автотранспортные перевозки опасных грузов (Agreement on Dangerous Goods by Road)33) Военно-политический термин: Air Defence Region34) Каспий: asset depreciation rate35) Снабжение: запрос на усложнённое изменение36) Программное обеспечение: Australian Design Rules37) Международные перевозки: European Agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road -
59 ard
1) Компьютерная техника: Abi Respondents Database2) Американизм: Annual Review Database3) Военный термин: Air Reserve district, Armament Research Department, Armament Research and Development, Army Renegotiation Division, Auxiliary Repair Drydock, acute radiation dose, advanced research division, ammunition reliability division, antiradar dispenser, antirecovery device, automatic release date4) Техника: average response data device5) Юридический термин: Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition6) Горное дело: Acid Rock Drainage (e.g. "ARD Tests" to assess the potentials of acid formation by waste rock)7) Телекоммуникации: Automatic Ring Down8) Сокращение: Accelerated Rural Development, Active Radar Demonstrator, All Round Defence (UK), American Research and Development, Anti-Radar Drone, Anti-Reflective Device, Auxiliary Repair Dry dock (USA)9) Университет: Admission Review And Dismissal, Admission Review Or Dismissal10) Физиология: Aerosol Solid With Adapter11) Нефть: approximate reverberation deconvolution12) Транспорт: Aviation Recreation Design13) Экология: дренаж [кислых вод] из кислотообразующих пород (Acid Rock Drainage)14) Деловая лексика: Annual Review And Determination15) Американский английский: ОРЗ (острое респираторное заболевание - acute respiratory disease)16) Макаров: airborne radiometrics17) Евросоюз: (Aquired Rights Directive) Директива о приобретаемых правах (Директива ЕС, защищающая интересы наемных работников при передаче или переуступке предприятий или проектов.)18) Должность: Associate Regional Director -
60 patent
'peitənt, ]( American) 'pæ-
1. noun(an official licence from the government giving one person or business the right to make and sell a particular article and to prevent others from doing the same: She took out a patent on her design; (also adjective) a patent process.) patente
2. verb(to obtain a patent for; He patented his new invention.) patentartr['peɪtənt]1 SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL patente nombre femenino1 (obvious) patente, evidente2 SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL patentado1 SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL patentar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto take out a patent on something sacar una patente de algo, patentar algopatent medicine específicopatent leather charol nombre masculinoPatent Office Registro de la propiedad industrial Table 1SMALLNOTA/SMALL En Patent Office se pronuncia ['pætn2t]/Table 1patent ['pætənt] vt: patentarpatent adj ['pætənt, 'peɪt-]1) obvious: patente, evidente2) ['pæt-] patented: patentadopatent ['pætənt] n: patente fadj.• manifiesto, -a adj.• patentado, -a adj.• patente adj.n.• diploma s.m.• patente s.m.v.• patentar v.
I 'pætṇt, 'peɪtṇt, 'pætṇtnoun patente fto take out a patent on something — patentar algo; (before n)
patent agent — agente mf de patentes
patent attorney — ( in US) abogado, -da m,f especialista en patentes
Patent Office — ≈Registro m de la propiedad industrial
II 'pætṇt, 'peɪtṇt, 'pætṇttransitive verb patentar
III
1) 'peɪtṇt, 'pæt-, 'peɪtṇt ( obvious) (frml) patente, evidente['peɪtǝnt]patent medicine — especialidad f medicinal
1. ADJ1) frm (=obvious) patente, evidente2) (=patented) [invention] patentado2.N patente fpatent applied for, patent pending — patente en trámite
3.VT patentar4.CPDpatent agent N — agente mf de patentes
Patent and Trademark Office N (US) — = Patent Office
patent infringement N — violación f de patentes
patent law N — derecho m de patentes
patent leather N — charol m
patent medicine N — específico m
patent office N — oficina f de patentes
Patent Office N — (Brit) registro de la propiedad industrial
patent rights NPL — derechos mpl de patente
* * *
I ['pætṇt, 'peɪtṇt, 'pætṇt]noun patente fto take out a patent on something — patentar algo; (before n)
patent agent — agente mf de patentes
patent attorney — ( in US) abogado, -da m,f especialista en patentes
Patent Office — ≈Registro m de la propiedad industrial
II ['pætṇt, 'peɪtṇt, 'pætṇt]transitive verb patentar
III
1) ['peɪtṇt, 'pæt-, 'peɪtṇt] ( obvious) (frml) patente, evidentepatent medicine — especialidad f medicinal
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