declaration

dēmonstrātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a showing or pointing out, as with the finger, an indication, description, designation.

In gen. (good prose):

gestus universam rem et sententiam non demonstratione sed significatione declarans,

Cic. de Or. 3, 59:

conversam habere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 59:

hujus generis demonstratio est, et doctrina ipsa vulgaris,

id. de Or. 3, 55, 209:

temporum horum,

Plin. 4, 13, 27, § 93.—In plur., Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13.—

In partic.

In rhetor.

The demonstrative or laudatory kind of oratory, i. q. demonstrativum genus, Cic. Inv. 1, 9, 12; Quint. 3, 4, 13; 11, 3, 115.—

A vivid delineation, picturesque presentation, Gr. diatupôsis energeia, Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68; cf. Quint. 9, 2, 40.—

In jurisprud., a clear and complete declaration of one's will, Dig. 35, tit. 1:

de condicionibus et demonstrationibus,

Gai. ib. 17; ib. 30, 1, 74.—

The bounding or limiting of a place, Dig. 8, 1, 13; 10, 1, 12.

dēnuntĭātĭo ( - ciatio), ōnis, f. [denuntio], an indication, intimation, announcement, declaration.

With gen. obj. = significatio:

quae est enim ista a deis profecta significatio et quasi denuntiatio calamitatum?

Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54:

belli,

id. Phil. 6, 2, 4; cf. Liv. 21, 19:

armorum,

id. 45, 3 fin.:

testimonii,

threatening to summon as a witness, Cic. Fl. 6, 14; cf. denuntio, no. I.: denuntiatione periculi permovere aliquem, by a menacing, *Caes. B. C. 3, 9:

ingentis terroris,

Liv. 3, 36: accusatorum, i. e. information, an informing, = delatio, Suet. Aug. 66.—With gen. subj.:

Catilinae,

Cic. Sull. 18, 52: boni civis (i. e. professio, promissio), Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 4:

quietis,

warning in a dream, Vell. 2, 70, 1.—

Absol.: huic denuntiationi ille pareat? Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 5; Quint. 4, 55 al.

dē-nuntĭo ( - cĭo), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. Orig. t. t. in the lang. of pub. law, relig., and jurispr., to give an official intimation, to make an official announcement or declaration of one's intentions (by means of a messenger, herald, etc.); to announce, intimate, declare, = nuntiando declarare; and with a foll. ut or merely the subjunctive, to intimate, order, command (for syn. cf.: edico, indico, narro, nuntio, refero, defero, renuntio, enuntio, dico).

Prop.

Polit. lang.

With acc.:

ut omne bellum, quod denuntiatum indictumque non esset, id injustum esse atque impium judicaretur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 17;

so with indictum,

id. ib. 2, 23 fin. (Fragm. ap. Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 3); id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

quos senatus ad denuntiandum bellum miserat,

id. Fam. 12, 24:

utrum paucorum ea denuntiata an universae civitatis essent,

Liv. 24, 37 fin. —

With acc. and inf.:

quod sibi Caesar denuntiaret, se Aeduorum injurias non neglecturum, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 6:

cum se scire quae fierent denuntiaret,

id. ib. 5, 54; Liv. 45, 1 fin. et saep. —And with inf. alone:

denuntiat centurionibus exsequi caedem,

Tac. A. 11, 37.—

With ut or ne: Gaditanos denuntiavisse Gallonio, ut sua sponte excederet Gadibus;

si id non fecisset, sibi consilium capturos,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20, 3; cf. Liv. 7, 31:

nationibus denuntiare, uti auxilia mittant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 10; cf.:

per vicos urbesque, ut commeatus expedirent,

Liv. 44, 26:

simul denuntiavit ut essent animi parati,

Caes. B. C. 3, 86 fin.: cf.:

dictator magistro equitum denuntiavit, ut sese loco teneret, neu, etc.,

Liv. 8, 30; and so with ne, id. 9, 36 fin.; Vulg. Act. 4, 18.—

With simp. subj.:

(legati) denuntient Gallicis populis, multitudinem suam domi contineant,

Liv. 39, 54 fin.; cf. Suet. Calig. 55:

(Alcibiades) denuntiavit his (militibus), qui in stationibus erant, observarent lumen, etc.,

Front. Strat. 3, 12, 1 al. —

In relig. lang.

With acc.:

quibus portentis magna populo Romano bella denuntiabantur,

Cic. Div. 1, 43, 97:

caedem Caesari evidentibus prodigiis,

Suet. Caes. 81 init.; cf. id. Aug. 94; 96; Verg. A. 3, 366 al.—

With ut:

si quid tale acciderit, ut a deo denuntiatum videatur, ut exeamus e vita,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 118.—

In jurid. lang.

Alicui testimonium, to summon a witness:

si accusator voluerit testimonium eis denuntiare,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110 (cf.:

denuntiatio testimonii,

id. Fl. 6, 14); so,

testibus: quoniam duo genera sunt testium, aut voluntariorum aut eorum, quibus in judiciis publicis lege denuntiatur,

Quint. 5, 7, 9; cf. ib. § 15; Plin. Ep. 6, 5, 2.— Absol.:

non denuntiavi,

Cic. Fl. 15, 35.—

To give notice of a suit or process, Dig. 5, 3, 20, § 6 fin.:

de isto fundo, Cic. Caecin., 32, 95: in foro denuntiat fundum illum suum esse,

id. ib. 7, 19.—

Litem denuntiare, to summon for immediate trial (late Lat.), Symm. Ep. 10, 52; Aur. Vict. Caes. 16, 11.—

Transf. beyond the technical sphere, to announce, intimate, declare; to denounce, menace, threaten; with ut, or merely the subjunct., to intimate, order, command. —

Of personal subjects.

With acc.:

ille inimicitias mihi denuntiavit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 7, 19; cf.:

populo Romano servitutem,

id. ib. 5, 8, 21:

proscriptionem, caedem, direptionem,

id. Sest. 20, 46; cf. id. ib. 17 fin.; id. Mur. 24 fin. et saep.:

oculis et aspectu vim tribuniciam,

id. Agr. 2, 5, 13; id. Att. 13, 12, 3.—

With acc. and inf.:

Sex. Alfenus denuntiat, sese procuratorem esse,

Cic. Quint. 6, 27; cf. id. Phil. 6, 3 (with testificor and ante praedico):

cum se ad omnia, de quibus quisque audire vellet esse paratum denuntiaret,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 103; id. Rep. 3, 11 fin. et saep.—

With a relative clause:

denuntiasti homo adulescens, quid de summa reipublicae sentires,

Cic. Planc. 22.—

With ut: mihi Lupus noster subito denuntiavit, ut ad to [p. 548] scriberem, Cic. Fam. 11, 25.—

With simple subjunctive, = moneo, praedico, ante denuntio, abstineant, etc., Cic. Verr. 1, 12 fin. —

With de:

de isto fundo,

Cic. Caecin. 32 fin. —

Absol.:

monente et denuntiante te,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3; id. Quint. 17. —

Of subjects not personal, to give notice, make known, signify, indicate:

terra continens adventus hostium multis indiciis ante denuntiat,

Cic. Rep. 2, 3:

illa arma non periculum nobis sed praesidium denuntiant,

id. Mil. 1, 3:

si ante exortum nubes globabuntur, hiemem asperam denuntiabunt, etc.,

Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 344:

caeruleus (color) pluviam denuntiat, igneus euros,

Verg. G. 1, 453:

hoc juncti boves, hoc paratus equus, hoc data arma denuntiant,

Tac. G. 18 fin.:

arbor statim pestem denuntians,

Plin. 13, 22, 38, § 118.

dēnuntĭātĭo ( - ciatio), ōnis, f. [denuntio], an indication, intimation, announcement, declaration.

With gen. obj. = significatio:

quae est enim ista a deis profecta significatio et quasi denuntiatio calamitatum?

Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54:

belli,

id. Phil. 6, 2, 4; cf. Liv. 21, 19:

armorum,

id. 45, 3 fin.:

testimonii,

threatening to summon as a witness, Cic. Fl. 6, 14; cf. denuntio, no. I.: denuntiatione periculi permovere aliquem, by a menacing, *Caes. B. C. 3, 9:

ingentis terroris,

Liv. 3, 36: accusatorum, i. e. information, an informing, = delatio, Suet. Aug. 66.—With gen. subj.:

Catilinae,

Cic. Sull. 18, 52: boni civis (i. e. professio, promissio), Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 4:

quietis,

warning in a dream, Vell. 2, 70, 1.—

Absol.: huic denuntiationi ille pareat? Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 5; Quint. 4, 55 al.

dē-nuntĭo ( - cĭo), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. Orig. t. t. in the lang. of pub. law, relig., and jurispr., to give an official intimation, to make an official announcement or declaration of one's intentions (by means of a messenger, herald, etc.); to announce, intimate, declare, = nuntiando declarare; and with a foll. ut or merely the subjunctive, to intimate, order, command (for syn. cf.: edico, indico, narro, nuntio, refero, defero, renuntio, enuntio, dico).

Prop.

Polit. lang.

With acc.:

ut omne bellum, quod denuntiatum indictumque non esset, id injustum esse atque impium judicaretur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 17;

so with indictum,

id. ib. 2, 23 fin. (Fragm. ap. Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 3); id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

quos senatus ad denuntiandum bellum miserat,

id. Fam. 12, 24:

utrum paucorum ea denuntiata an universae civitatis essent,

Liv. 24, 37 fin. —

With acc. and inf.:

quod sibi Caesar denuntiaret, se Aeduorum injurias non neglecturum, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 6:

cum se scire quae fierent denuntiaret,

id. ib. 5, 54; Liv. 45, 1 fin. et saep. —And with inf. alone:

denuntiat centurionibus exsequi caedem,

Tac. A. 11, 37.—

With ut or ne: Gaditanos denuntiavisse Gallonio, ut sua sponte excederet Gadibus;

si id non fecisset, sibi consilium capturos,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20, 3; cf. Liv. 7, 31:

nationibus denuntiare, uti auxilia mittant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 10; cf.:

per vicos urbesque, ut commeatus expedirent,

Liv. 44, 26:

simul denuntiavit ut essent animi parati,

Caes. B. C. 3, 86 fin.: cf.:

dictator magistro equitum denuntiavit, ut sese loco teneret, neu, etc.,

Liv. 8, 30; and so with ne, id. 9, 36 fin.; Vulg. Act. 4, 18.—

With simp. subj.:

(legati) denuntient Gallicis populis, multitudinem suam domi contineant,

Liv. 39, 54 fin.; cf. Suet. Calig. 55:

(Alcibiades) denuntiavit his (militibus), qui in stationibus erant, observarent lumen, etc.,

Front. Strat. 3, 12, 1 al. —

In relig. lang.

With acc.:

quibus portentis magna populo Romano bella denuntiabantur,

Cic. Div. 1, 43, 97:

caedem Caesari evidentibus prodigiis,

Suet. Caes. 81 init.; cf. id. Aug. 94; 96; Verg. A. 3, 366 al.—

With ut:

si quid tale acciderit, ut a deo denuntiatum videatur, ut exeamus e vita,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 118.—

In jurid. lang.

Alicui testimonium, to summon a witness:

si accusator voluerit testimonium eis denuntiare,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110 (cf.:

denuntiatio testimonii,

id. Fl. 6, 14); so,

testibus: quoniam duo genera sunt testium, aut voluntariorum aut eorum, quibus in judiciis publicis lege denuntiatur,

Quint. 5, 7, 9; cf. ib. § 15; Plin. Ep. 6, 5, 2.— Absol.:

non denuntiavi,

Cic. Fl. 15, 35.—

To give notice of a suit or process, Dig. 5, 3, 20, § 6 fin.:

de isto fundo, Cic. Caecin., 32, 95: in foro denuntiat fundum illum suum esse,

id. ib. 7, 19.—

Litem denuntiare, to summon for immediate trial (late Lat.), Symm. Ep. 10, 52; Aur. Vict. Caes. 16, 11.—

Transf. beyond the technical sphere, to announce, intimate, declare; to denounce, menace, threaten; with ut, or merely the subjunct., to intimate, order, command. —

Of personal subjects.

With acc.:

ille inimicitias mihi denuntiavit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 7, 19; cf.:

populo Romano servitutem,

id. ib. 5, 8, 21:

proscriptionem, caedem, direptionem,

id. Sest. 20, 46; cf. id. ib. 17 fin.; id. Mur. 24 fin. et saep.:

oculis et aspectu vim tribuniciam,

id. Agr. 2, 5, 13; id. Att. 13, 12, 3.—

With acc. and inf.:

Sex. Alfenus denuntiat, sese procuratorem esse,

Cic. Quint. 6, 27; cf. id. Phil. 6, 3 (with testificor and ante praedico):

cum se ad omnia, de quibus quisque audire vellet esse paratum denuntiaret,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 103; id. Rep. 3, 11 fin. et saep.—

With a relative clause:

denuntiasti homo adulescens, quid de summa reipublicae sentires,

Cic. Planc. 22.—

With ut: mihi Lupus noster subito denuntiavit, ut ad to [p. 548] scriberem, Cic. Fam. 11, 25.—

With simple subjunctive, = moneo, praedico, ante denuntio, abstineant, etc., Cic. Verr. 1, 12 fin. —

With de:

de isto fundo,

Cic. Caecin. 32 fin. —

Absol.:

monente et denuntiante te,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3; id. Quint. 17. —

Of subjects not personal, to give notice, make known, signify, indicate:

terra continens adventus hostium multis indiciis ante denuntiat,

Cic. Rep. 2, 3:

illa arma non periculum nobis sed praesidium denuntiant,

id. Mil. 1, 3:

si ante exortum nubes globabuntur, hiemem asperam denuntiabunt, etc.,

Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 344:

caeruleus (color) pluviam denuntiat, igneus euros,

Verg. G. 1, 453:

hoc juncti boves, hoc paratus equus, hoc data arma denuntiant,

Tac. G. 18 fin.:

arbor statim pestem denuntians,

Plin. 13, 22, 38, § 118.

dĭcātĭo, ōnis, f. [1. dico, no. II. B. 1.].

A formal declaration of intention to become a citizen, Cic. Balb. 11 (v. the passage in its connection).—

= praedicatio, a praising.

Prop., Cod. Theod. 9, 3, 2. —

As a title:

tua dicatio,

your Reverence, Cod. Theod. 11, 30, 1; Lact. Mort. pers. 48 al.

dicto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [2. dico], to say often; to pronounce, declare, or assert repeatedly.

In gen. (very rare):

rogarem te, ut diceres pro me tu idem, qui illis orationem dictavisses,

Cic. Fin. 4, 22 fin.:

mercemur servum qui dictet nomina,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 50; cf. Gell. 4, 1, 2.—Far more freq. and class.,

In partic.

To dictate to one for writing:

quod non modo Tironi dictare, sed ne ipse quidem audere scribere,

Cic. Att. 13, 9; 7, 13 b. fin.; 2, 23; Quint. 2, 4, 12; 10, 3, 18; Plin. Ep. 9, 36, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 49 et saep. So of the dictating of teachers (common for want of books):

memini quae mihi parvo Orbilium dictare,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 71; cf. id. Sat. 1, 10, 75.—

Transf. As the practice of dictating came, in the course of time, to be very general (v. Gesner upon Quint. 10, 3, 18), dictare, since the Aug. per., acquired the signif. to express in written language, make, compose:

elegidia,

Pers. 1, 52; so,

ducentos versus,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 10: carmina (for which, shortly before and after, scribere), id. Ep. 2, 1, 110:

codicillos,

to draw up, make, Suet. Tib. 22; cf.

testamentum,

id. Ner. 32;

hence also, summas,

i. e. to dispose of by will, Dig. 32, 95; and in the pass.:

non unus tibi rivalis dictabitur heres,

appointed, designated, Juv. 6, 218; so,

actionem,

to draw up a declaration, Suet. Rhet. 2;

and among jurists in gen.,

to bring an action, go to law, Dig. 15, 1, 50; also,

judicium,

ib. 9, 4, 22; 49, 9, 3 al.—

To prescribe, recommend, order, dictate (cf. 2. dico, no. I. B. 10;

in this sense the primitive of dictator, although no ante-Aug. examples occur): sportulam,

Quint. 11, 3, 131: dictataque jurant Sacramenta deis, Sil. 10, 448.—

Transf., of abstract subjects:

ita videtur ratio dictare,

Quint. 3, 4, 11; cf. Dig. 1, 2, § 11:

quibus sordet omne, quod natura dictavit,

Quint. 8 prooem. § 26; so with acc., id. 1, 3, 16; 2, 15, 6; Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 20.—Hence, dictāta, ōrum, n. (acc. to no. II. A.).

Things dictated by the master to his scholars, i. e. lessons, exercises, rules, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4; id. Fin. 4, 4, 10; id. N. D. 1, 26; id. Tusc. 2, 11, 96; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 55; 1, 18, 13; Pers. 1, 29 al.—Also, in gen.,

Precepts, rules, e. g. for gladiators, Suet. Caes. 26;

for mimes,

Juv. 5, 122.

ēdĭtĭo, ōnis, f. [2. edo, II.].

Prop.

A bringing forth, a birth (late Lat.), Dig. 50, 2, 2, § 6; Tert. adv. Jud. 1.—

A putting forth, publishing of a work (postAug.), Sen. Ben. 4, 28; Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. § 2; prooem. § 7; Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 5; 2, 10, 6; 3, 15, 1 et saep.—

Concr., like our edition = ekdosis, qui versus in omni editione invenitur, Quint. 5, 11, 40; 12, 10, 55. —

Trop.

A statement, representation.

In gen.:

in tam discrepante editione,

Liv. 4, 23.—

Jurid. t. t., a declaration, designation of the form of action, Dig. 2, 13, 1 sq.:

tribuum,

Cic. Planc. 16, 39 and 41, v. 2. edo, II. C. 2., and editicius.—

An exhibition:

operarum,

Dig. 38, 1, 50:

muneris gladiatorii,

Inscr. Orell. 3811; 5020; Symm. Ep. 4, 8.

ēlŏquĭum, ii, n. [id.].

In Aug. poets, and their imitators among prose writers, for eloquentia, eloquence, * Hor. A. P. 217; * Verg. A. 11, 383; Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 46; id. M. 13, 63; 322 al.; Vell. 2, 68, 1; Plin. 11, 17, 18, § 55.—

In late Lat., declaration, communication in gen., Diom. p. 413 P.; Mamert. Pan. Maxim. 9:

eloquia pulchritudinis,

fine words, Vulg. Gen. 49, 21; id. Prov. 4, 20 al.

fātum, i ( masc. fatus malus meus, Petr. 42, 77), n. [for II. A.], that which is said, an utterance. —Hence,

Prop., a prophetic declaration, oracle, prediction (rare but class.): neque me Apollo fatis fandis dementem invitam ciet, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 (Trag. v. 80 Vahl.):

Lentulum sibi confirmasse ex fatis Sibyllinis haruspicumque responsis se, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 9:

eo fatis quae Veientes scripta haberent,

id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

fatis, ominibus oraculisque portendere,

Liv. 29, 10 fin. Drak. N. cr.:

Siculisne resideret arvis Oblitus factorum,

Verg. A. 5, 703.—

Transf.

In gen., that which is ordained, desting, fate; the heimarmenê or moira of the Greeks (syn.:

fortuna, fors, sors, casus): nec ii, qui dicunt immutabilia esse, quae futura sint nec posse verum futurum convertere in falsum, fati necessitatem confirmant, sed verborum vim interpretantur. At qui introducunt causarum seriem sempiternam, ii mentem hominis voluntate libera spoliatam necessitate fati devinciunt,

Cic. Fat. 9, 20 sq.; hence the philosophic use of the word to denote the eternal, immutable law of nature: fieri omnia fato, ratio cogit fateri. Fatum autem id appello, quod Graeci heimarmenên, id est ordinem seriemque causarum, cum causa causae nexa rem ex se gignat, id. Div. 1, 55, 125 sq.; cf.:

cum vos fato fieri dicatis omnia, quod autem semper ex omni aeternitate verum fuerit, id esse fatum,

id. N. D. 3, 6, 14; and: cum duae sententiae fuissent veterum philosophorum, una eorum, qui censerent omnia ita fato fieri, ut id fatum vim necessitatis afferret;

in qua sententia Democritus, Heraclitus, Empedocles, Aristoteles fuit: altera eorum, quibus viderentur sine ullo fato esse animorum motus voluntarii,

id. Fat. 17, 39; cf.

also: ex hoc genere causarum ex aeternitate pendentium fatum a Stoicis nectitur,

id. Top. 15, 59; and:

anile sane et plenum superstitionis fati nomen ipsum,

id. Div. 2, 7, 19:

si Daphitae fatum fuit ex equo cadere,

id. Fat. 3, 5; cf. id. ib. 12, 28: cf.:

neque si fatum fuerat, effugisset,

id. Div. 2, 8, 20:

ut praedici posset, quid cuique eventurum et quo quisque fato natus esset,

id. ib. 1, 1, 2;

quonam meo fato fieri dicam, ut, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 1, 1: qua quidem in re singulari sum fato, I experience a remarkable fate, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 1:

si quid mihi humanitus accidisset multa autem impendere videntur praeter naturam etiam praeterque fatum,

i. e. beyond the natural and appointed course of events, id. Phil. 1, 4, 10:

quasi debita sibi fato dominatione,

Suet. Aug. 19:

persuasio, cuncta fato agi,

id. Tib. 69:

nisi dii immortales omni ratione placati suo numine prope fata ipsa flexissent,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 19:

orte Saturno, tibi cura magni Caesaris fatis data,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 51:

quo (Caesare) nihil majus meliusve terris Fata donavere bonique divi,

id. ib. 4, 2, 38; id. Carm. Sec. 28:

ut caneret fera Nereus Fata,

id. C. 1, 15, 5; so,

acerba,

id. Epod. 7, 17:

triste,

id. S. 1, 9, 29:

caeca,

id. C. 2, 13, 16:

plebeium in circo positum est fatum,

the fate of the vulgar, Juv. 6, 588:

fata regunt homines,

id. 9, 32; 12, 63.—With ut:

qui hoc fato natus est, ut, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 11, 30:

fuit hoc sive meum sive rei publicae fatum, ut, etc.,

id. Balb. 26, 58.—With ne: eo [p. 730] fato se in iis terris collocatam esse arbitratur, ne, etc., Cic. Font. 16, 35.—

Esp.

Of the will or determination of the gods:

heu stirpem invisam et fatis contraria nostris Fata Phrygum,

Verg. A. 7, 293; 7, 50; cf. Non. 455, 25.—And also of that which determines the fate of a person or thing: Ilio tria fuisse audivi fata, quae illi forent exitio: signum ex arce si perisset;

alterum, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 29; so,

Herculis sagittae, quae fatum Trojae fuere,

Just. 20, 1 fin. —Prov.:

fata viam invenient,

Verg. A. 3, 395; 10, 113.— Fāta, ōrum, n., personified as deities, the Fates, Prop. 4, 7, 51; Stat. Th. 8, 26; id. S. 5, 1, 259; Inscr. Orell. 1771 sq.—

a.. Bad fortune, ill fate, calamity, mishap:

dictum facete et contumeliose in Metellos antiquum Naevii est: Fato Metelli Romae fiunt consules,

Pseudo Ascon. ad Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29 (p. 140 ed. Orell.);

and, alluding to this verse: hoc Verrem dicere aiebant, te (sc. Metellum) non fato, ut ceteros ex vestra familia, sed opera sua consulem factum,

id. ib. 10, 29:

quibus ego confido impendere fatum aliquod et poenas jamdiu improbitati, nequitiae... debitas instare,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 11:

exitii ac fati dies,

id. ib. 3, 7, 17:

abditi in tabernaculis aut suum fatum querebantur aut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 4; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 1:

quod si jam (quod dii omen avertant) fatum extremum rei publicae venit,

Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35:

in illo paene fato rei publicae,

id. Dom. 57, 145.— So,

Esp. freq. of death:

sic Hortensii vox exstincta fato suo est, nostra publico,

id. Brut. 96, 328; cf.:

nolite hunc maturius exstingui vulnere vestro quam suo fato,

id. Cael. 32, 79; cf.:

omen fati,

id. Phil. 9, 4, 6; and:

quia nec fato merita nec morte peribat,

Verg. A. 4, 696: ferro, non fato moerus Argivum (i. e. Achilles) occidit, Poët. ap. Quint. 8, 6, 10 Spald.:

perfunctos jam fato = mortuos,

Liv. 9, 1, 6;

qui fato sunt functi,

Quint. 3, 7, 10:

fato cedere,

Liv. 26, 13: fato concessit, Pl. Pan. 11, 3; for which: concedere in fatum, Modestin. Dig. 34, 3, 20:

fato obiit,

died a natural death, Tac. A. 6, 10:

fato fungi,

id. ib. 14, 12 fin.:

ille (uxorem) functam fato respondet,

id. ib. 11, 3:

si me praeceperit fatum,

Curt. 9, 6; Quint. 6, 2, 33.—In this sense sometimes in the plur.:

jamdudum peccas, si mea fata petis,

Ov. H. 19, 118;

Minotauri,

Mel. 2, 7:

mea fata,

my ashes, Prop. 1, 17, 11:

sentiet vivus eam, quae post fata praestari magis solet, venerationem,

Quint. 12, 17, 7:

si me fata intercepissent,

id. 6 praef. 1; cf.: (mater) acerbissimis rapta fatis, id. § 4; cf. the shades or spirits of the dead:

cum fato jacentis,

Mel. 2, 2.—

Concr., one who brings calamity, a plague:

duo illa rei publicae paene fata, Gabinium et Pisonem,

Cic. Sest. 43, 93.

fātum, i ( masc. fatus malus meus, Petr. 42, 77), n. [for II. A.], that which is said, an utterance. —Hence,

Prop., a prophetic declaration, oracle, prediction (rare but class.): neque me Apollo fatis fandis dementem invitam ciet, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 (Trag. v. 80 Vahl.):

Lentulum sibi confirmasse ex fatis Sibyllinis haruspicumque responsis se, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 9:

eo fatis quae Veientes scripta haberent,

id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

fatis, ominibus oraculisque portendere,

Liv. 29, 10 fin. Drak. N. cr.:

Siculisne resideret arvis Oblitus factorum,

Verg. A. 5, 703.—

Transf.

In gen., that which is ordained, desting, fate; the heimarmenê or moira of the Greeks (syn.:

fortuna, fors, sors, casus): nec ii, qui dicunt immutabilia esse, quae futura sint nec posse verum futurum convertere in falsum, fati necessitatem confirmant, sed verborum vim interpretantur. At qui introducunt causarum seriem sempiternam, ii mentem hominis voluntate libera spoliatam necessitate fati devinciunt,

Cic. Fat. 9, 20 sq.; hence the philosophic use of the word to denote the eternal, immutable law of nature: fieri omnia fato, ratio cogit fateri. Fatum autem id appello, quod Graeci heimarmenên, id est ordinem seriemque causarum, cum causa causae nexa rem ex se gignat, id. Div. 1, 55, 125 sq.; cf.:

cum vos fato fieri dicatis omnia, quod autem semper ex omni aeternitate verum fuerit, id esse fatum,

id. N. D. 3, 6, 14; and: cum duae sententiae fuissent veterum philosophorum, una eorum, qui censerent omnia ita fato fieri, ut id fatum vim necessitatis afferret;

in qua sententia Democritus, Heraclitus, Empedocles, Aristoteles fuit: altera eorum, quibus viderentur sine ullo fato esse animorum motus voluntarii,

id. Fat. 17, 39; cf.

also: ex hoc genere causarum ex aeternitate pendentium fatum a Stoicis nectitur,

id. Top. 15, 59; and:

anile sane et plenum superstitionis fati nomen ipsum,

id. Div. 2, 7, 19:

si Daphitae fatum fuit ex equo cadere,

id. Fat. 3, 5; cf. id. ib. 12, 28: cf.:

neque si fatum fuerat, effugisset,

id. Div. 2, 8, 20:

ut praedici posset, quid cuique eventurum et quo quisque fato natus esset,

id. ib. 1, 1, 2;

quonam meo fato fieri dicam, ut, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 1, 1: qua quidem in re singulari sum fato, I experience a remarkable fate, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 1:

si quid mihi humanitus accidisset multa autem impendere videntur praeter naturam etiam praeterque fatum,

i. e. beyond the natural and appointed course of events, id. Phil. 1, 4, 10:

quasi debita sibi fato dominatione,

Suet. Aug. 19:

persuasio, cuncta fato agi,

id. Tib. 69:

nisi dii immortales omni ratione placati suo numine prope fata ipsa flexissent,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 19:

orte Saturno, tibi cura magni Caesaris fatis data,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 51:

quo (Caesare) nihil majus meliusve terris Fata donavere bonique divi,

id. ib. 4, 2, 38; id. Carm. Sec. 28:

ut caneret fera Nereus Fata,

id. C. 1, 15, 5; so,

acerba,

id. Epod. 7, 17:

triste,

id. S. 1, 9, 29:

caeca,

id. C. 2, 13, 16:

plebeium in circo positum est fatum,

the fate of the vulgar, Juv. 6, 588:

fata regunt homines,

id. 9, 32; 12, 63.—With ut:

qui hoc fato natus est, ut, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 11, 30:

fuit hoc sive meum sive rei publicae fatum, ut, etc.,

id. Balb. 26, 58.—With ne: eo [p. 730] fato se in iis terris collocatam esse arbitratur, ne, etc., Cic. Font. 16, 35.—

Esp.

Of the will or determination of the gods:

heu stirpem invisam et fatis contraria nostris Fata Phrygum,

Verg. A. 7, 293; 7, 50; cf. Non. 455, 25.—And also of that which determines the fate of a person or thing: Ilio tria fuisse audivi fata, quae illi forent exitio: signum ex arce si perisset;

alterum, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 29; so,

Herculis sagittae, quae fatum Trojae fuere,

Just. 20, 1 fin. —Prov.:

fata viam invenient,

Verg. A. 3, 395; 10, 113.— Fāta, ōrum, n., personified as deities, the Fates, Prop. 4, 7, 51; Stat. Th. 8, 26; id. S. 5, 1, 259; Inscr. Orell. 1771 sq.—

a.. Bad fortune, ill fate, calamity, mishap:

dictum facete et contumeliose in Metellos antiquum Naevii est: Fato Metelli Romae fiunt consules,

Pseudo Ascon. ad Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29 (p. 140 ed. Orell.);

and, alluding to this verse: hoc Verrem dicere aiebant, te (sc. Metellum) non fato, ut ceteros ex vestra familia, sed opera sua consulem factum,

id. ib. 10, 29:

quibus ego confido impendere fatum aliquod et poenas jamdiu improbitati, nequitiae... debitas instare,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 11:

exitii ac fati dies,

id. ib. 3, 7, 17:

abditi in tabernaculis aut suum fatum querebantur aut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 4; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 1:

quod si jam (quod dii omen avertant) fatum extremum rei publicae venit,

Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35:

in illo paene fato rei publicae,

id. Dom. 57, 145.— So,

Esp. freq. of death:

sic Hortensii vox exstincta fato suo est, nostra publico,

id. Brut. 96, 328; cf.:

nolite hunc maturius exstingui vulnere vestro quam suo fato,

id. Cael. 32, 79; cf.:

omen fati,

id. Phil. 9, 4, 6; and:

quia nec fato merita nec morte peribat,

Verg. A. 4, 696: ferro, non fato moerus Argivum (i. e. Achilles) occidit, Poët. ap. Quint. 8, 6, 10 Spald.:

perfunctos jam fato = mortuos,

Liv. 9, 1, 6;

qui fato sunt functi,

Quint. 3, 7, 10:

fato cedere,

Liv. 26, 13: fato concessit, Pl. Pan. 11, 3; for which: concedere in fatum, Modestin. Dig. 34, 3, 20:

fato obiit,

died a natural death, Tac. A. 6, 10:

fato fungi,

id. ib. 14, 12 fin.:

ille (uxorem) functam fato respondet,

id. ib. 11, 3:

si me praeceperit fatum,

Curt. 9, 6; Quint. 6, 2, 33.—In this sense sometimes in the plur.:

jamdudum peccas, si mea fata petis,

Ov. H. 19, 118;

Minotauri,

Mel. 2, 7:

mea fata,

my ashes, Prop. 1, 17, 11:

sentiet vivus eam, quae post fata praestari magis solet, venerationem,

Quint. 12, 17, 7:

si me fata intercepissent,

id. 6 praef. 1; cf.: (mater) acerbissimis rapta fatis, id. § 4; cf. the shades or spirits of the dead:

cum fato jacentis,

Mel. 2, 2.—

Concr., one who brings calamity, a plague:

duo illa rei publicae paene fata, Gabinium et Pisonem,

Cic. Sest. 43, 93.

hasta ( asta), ae, f. [Sanscr. hastas, hand; cf. Gr. root chad- in chandanô, pre-hendo], a spear (syn.: hastile, dolo, gaesum, sarisa, sparus, lancea, pilum, spiculum, telum, etc.).

Lit.

Most freq. as a military weapon, a lance, pike, javelin (cf. Becker's Antiq. III. 2, p. 242 sq.):

nec eminus hastis aut comminus gladiis uteretur,

Cic. de Sen. 6, 19: dum transit, striderat hasta, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 817 P. (Ann. v. 365 Vahl.): Hastati spargunt hastas, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 287 ib.):

evelli jussit eam, qua erat transfixus, hastam,

Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97:

amentatus hastas torquebit,

id. de Or. 1, 57, 242; cf. id. Brut. 78, 271; id. Top. 17, 65:

hastas vibrare,

id. de Or. 2, 80, 325:

jactare,

id. ib. 2, 78, 316:

dirigere in aliquem,

Ov. M. 8, 66:

contendere,

to hurl, Verg. A. 10, 521:

protendere aut colligere,

Tac. A. 2, 21 al. —As a symbol of war, sent in making a declaration of the same, Gell. 10, 27, 3; Paul. ex Fest. p. 101 Müll., and thrown into the enemy's territory, Liv 1, 32 fin.; Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 9, 53: pura, i. e. without iron, given to brave soldiers as a mark of distinction, Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 102; Suet. Claud. 28; Inscr. Orell. 3457; cf. Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 760, and Fest. l. l.— As the symbol of legal ownership: festuca uti quasi hastae loco, signo quodam justi dominii, Gai Inst. 4, 16.—

Transf., beyond the milit. sphere:

jacet, diffidit, abjecit hastas,

i. e. has lost his courage, Cic. Mur. 21, 45.—

A spear stuck in the ground at public auctions or where the tribunals of the cenlumviri were held (orig. as a sign of booty gained in battle or of magisterial authority):

est enim ausus (Sulla) dicere, hasta posita, cum bona in foro venderet et bonorum virorum et locupletium et certe civium praedam se suam vendere,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 27; cf.:

hastam in foro ponere et bona civium voci subicere praeconis,

id. ib. 2, 23, 83:

hasta posita pro aede Jovis Statoris, bona voci acerbissimae subjecta praeconis,

id. Phil. 2, 26, 64:

quos non illa inflnita hasta satiavit,

id. ib. 4, 4, 9:

emptio ab hasta,

id. Att. 12, 3, 2:

comitibus eorum sub hasta venditis,

Liv. 23, 38, 7: municipia Italiae splendidissima sub hasta venierunt, [p. 842] Flor. 3, 21, 27:

just hastae,

Tac. A. 13, 28:

cum censores se jam locationibus abstinerent, convenere ad eos, qui hastae hujus generis assueverant,

Liv. 24, 18, 10; as a badge of dignity:

hunc miratur adhuc centum gravis hasta virorum,

Mart. 7, 63, 7.—Hence, transf., the centumviral court:

ut centumviralem hastam, quam quaestura functi consuerant cogere, decemviri cogerent,

Suet. Aug. 36 fin. —

A little spear with which a bride's hair was parted into locks, Ov. F. 2, 560.—

A spear, as a gymnastic weapon, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 38; 3, 3, 24; id. Most. 1, 2, 73.—

Transf.

Of the form of a comet: jubae effigies mutata in hasta est. Plin. 2, 25, 22, § 90.—

I. q. membrum virile, Auct. Priap. 45, 1.

ōrācŭlum (sync. oraclum: ex oraclo, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42, or Trag. v. 65 Vahl.; plur, oracla, Att. ap. Non. 488, 2, or Trag. Rel. p. 185 Rib.; Ov. M. 1, 321), i, n. [oro], a divine announcement, an oracle (class.).

Lit.:

oracula ex eo ipso appellata sunt, quod inest in his deorum oratio,

Cic. Top. 20, 77:

quid est enim oraculum? nempe voluntas divina hominis ore enuntiata,

Sen. Contr. 1 praef.:

edere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

petere a Dodonā,

id. Div. 1, 43, 95:

quaerere,

Verg. G. 4, 449:

poscere,

id. A. 3, 456:

consulere,

Ov. M. 3, 8:

Delphis oracula cessant,

Juv. 6, 555.—

Transf.

In gen., a prophetic declaration, a prophecy:

exposui somnii et furoris oracula,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; 1, 50, 115.—

A place where oracular responses were given, an oracle:

illud oraculum Delphis tam celebre,

Cic. Div. 1, 19, 37:

Hammonis,

Plin. 12, 23, 49, § 107:

Delphicum,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Esp. (eccl. Lat.), the mercy-seat, the place in the tabernacle in which the presence of God was manifest, Vulg. Exod. 25, 18; 40, 18:

oraculum templi, sanctum sanctorum,

id. 3 Reg. 8, 6.—

An oracular saying, oracle pronounced by a man:

haec ego nunc physicorum oracula fundo,

Cic. N. D. 1, 24, 66:

inde illa reliqua oracula: nequam agricolam esse, etc.,

Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 40.—

An imperial rescript, Just. Inst. 1, 11, 11.

pĕtītōrĭus, a, um, adj. [petitor].

In gen., of or belonging to solicitation (post-class.):

artes petitorias exercere,

Mamert. Grat. Act. ad Jul. 16, 2.—

In partic., of or belonging to the prosecution of a judicial claim, petitory (post-class.):

judicium,

Dig. 6, 1, 36:

formula,

Gai. Inst. 4, 91 sq. —Hence, subst.: pĕtītōrĭum, ii, n., the complaint or declaration in a private action, Cod. Th. 10, 10, 29, § 1.

pĕtītōrĭus, a, um, adj. [petitor].

In gen., of or belonging to solicitation (post-class.):

artes petitorias exercere,

Mamert. Grat. Act. ad Jul. 16, 2.—

In partic., of or belonging to the prosecution of a judicial claim, petitory (post-class.):

judicium,

Dig. 6, 1, 36:

formula,

Gai. Inst. 4, 91 sq. —Hence, subst.: pĕtītōrĭum, ii, n., the complaint or declaration in a private action, Cod. Th. 10, 10, 29, § 1.

princĭpĭum, ii, n. [princeps], a beginning, commencement, origin (class.; syn.: primordia, initium).

In gen.:

origo principii nulla est: nam ex principio oriuntur omnia,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54:

quid est cujus principium aliquod sit, nihil sit extremum?

id. N. D. 1, 8, 20:

nec principium, nec finem habere,

id. Sen. 21, 78:

cujus criminis neque principium invenire, neque evolvere exitum possum,

id. Cael. 23, 56:

hic fons, hoc principium est movendi,

id. Rep. 6, 25, 27:

bellorum atque imperiorum,

id. Balb. 3, 9:

principium pontis,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

principio lucis,

at daybreak, Amm. 25, 5, 1:

in principiis dicendi,

at the commencement of a speech, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121;

so of a declaration in a lawsuit,

Juv. 6, 245:

suave quoddam principium dicendi,

Amm. 30, 4, 19: principia ducere ab aliquo, to derive, deduce:

omnium rerum magnarum principia a dis immortalibus ducuntur,

id. Vatin. 6, 14:

principium urbis,

id. Off. 1, 17, 54:

scribendi recte sapere est et principium et fons,

Hor. A. P. 309:

omne principium huc refer,

id. C. 3, 6, 6:

a Jove principium,

Verg. E. 3, 60:

anni,

Liv. 1, 4:

a sanguine Teucri Ducere principium,

Ov. M. 13, 705:

capessere,

to begin, Tac. A. 15, 49.—Adverb.: principio, a principio, in principio, at or in the beginning, at first:

principio... postea, etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 35, 75:

principio generi animantium omni est a naturā tributum, ut se tueatur,

id. Off. 1, 4, 11; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; id. Fin. 1, 6, 17; Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 39; id. And. 3, 3, 38; Verg. A. 6, 214; Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; so,

a principio: ac vellem a principio te audissem, etc.,

id. Att. 7, 1, 2:

dixeram a principio, de re publicā ut sileremus,

id. Brut. 42, 157:

in principio,

id. de Or. 1, 48, 210:

principio ut,

as soon as, Plaut. Merc. prol. 40; v. Ritschl ad h. l.— Rarely of the boundaries of a country or people:

adusque principia Carmanorum,

Amm. 23, 6, 74.—

In partic.

Plur., beginnings, foundations, principles, elements (class.):

bene provisa et diligenter explorata principia ponantur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37:

juris,

id. ib. 1, 6, 18:

naturae,

id. Off. 3, 12, 52;

for which: principia naturalia,

id. Fin. 3, 5, 17; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 35:

principia rerum, ex quibus omnia constant,

first principles, elements, id. Ac. 2, 36, 117.—

Prov.: obsta principiis (cf. the French: ce n'est que le premier pas qui coute),

Ov. R. Am. 91.—

That makes a beginning, that votes first: tribus principium fuit, pro tribu Q. Fabius primus scivit, Lex Thoria, Rudorff. p. 142; Lex Appar. ap. Haubold, Moment. Leg. p. 85; Plebissc. ap. Front. Aquaed. 129:

Faucia curia fuit principium,

was the first to vote, Liv. 9, 38 fin. —

In gen., a beginner, originator, founder, ancestor ( poet.):

Graecia principium moris fuit,

Ov. F. 2, 37:

mihi Belus avorum Principium,

ancestor, progenitor, Sil. 15, 748.—Here, too, prob. belongs PRINCIPIA SACRA, Æneas and [p. 1446] his successors in Lavinium, ancestors whom the Latins and Romans honored as deities, Inscr. Orell. 2276.—

In milit. lang.: princĭpĭa, ōrum, n.

The foremost ranks, the front line of soldiers, the front or van of an army:

post principia,

behind the front, Liv. 2, 65; cf.:

hic ero post principia, inde omnibus signum dabo,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11: post principia paulatim recedunt, Sisenn. ap. Non. 135, 31: deinde ipse paulatim procedere;

Marium post principia habere,

Sall. J. 50, 2:

traversis principiis, in planum deducit,

id. ib. 49, 6:

equites post principia collocat,

Liv. 3, 22; Tac. H. 2, 43. —

The staff-officers, members of the council of war (post-class.):

mittere principia,

Front. Strat. 2, 5, 30:

a principiis salutari,

Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10:

advocatis legionum principiis et turmarum,

Amm. 25, 5, 1; Cod. 12, 47, 1.—

A large open space in a camp, in which were the tents of the general, lieutenants, and tribunes, together with the standards, and where speeches were made and councils held; the general's quarters:

jura reddere in principiis,

Liv. 28, 24:

in principiis ac praetorio in unum sermones confundi,

id. 7, 12:

castrorum,

Just. 11, 6, 6:

in castris,

Varr. R. R. 3, 4, 1:

in principiis statuit tabernaculum, eoque omnes cotidie convenire (jussit), ut ibi de summis rebus consilia caperentur,

Nep. Eum. 7, 2; Suet. Oth. 1; 6; Flor. 3, 10, 12:

primores centurionum et paucos militum in principia vocat,

Tac. H. 3, 13; 1, 48; Dig. 49, 16, 12; cf. Front. Strat. 4, 1, 16.—

Precedence, preference, the first place:

principium ergo, columenque omnium rerum preti margaritae tenent,

Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 106. —

Plur., selections, selected passages:

principiorum libri circumferuntur, quia existimatur pars aliqua etiam sine ceteris esse perfecta,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 12.—

In partic., mastery, dominion (post-class.): archê, magisterium, magistratus, praesidatus, principium, Gloss. Philox.: in Graeco principii vocabulum, quod est archê, non tantum ordinativum, sed et potestativum capit principatum, Tert. adv. Hermog. 19.