dĭū

Aemĭlĭus, a, um, adj. [aemulor], the name of a Roman gens, greatly distinguished for the illustrious men whom it furnished. The most celebrated of them was L. Aemilius Paulus, the conqueror of Perseus, and the father of Corn. Scipio Africanus Minor:

domus,

Manil. 1, 794:

tribus,

Cic. Att. 2, 14; Liv. 38, 36.— Aemĭlĭa Vĭa, the name of three several public roads.

One, constructed by M. Aemilius Lepidus, as consul, A. U. C. 567, began at Placentia, and passed [p. 55] through Parma, Regium, Mutina, Bononia, Forum Cornelii, Faventia, Forum Livii, and Caesena to Ariminum, where it joined the Via Flaminia, Liv. 39.—

One, constructed A. U. C. 645, by M. Aemilius Scaurus, as censor, led from Bononia, through Pisa and Luna, to Dertona, Strab. 1, 5.—

One extending from Ariminum to Aquileia (some, however, consider this as the same with the first), Mart. 3, 4.—Sometimes absol., Aemĭlĭa, instead of Via Aemilia: in ipsā Aemiliā diu pugnatum est, Galba ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30.—From the public way, Martial calls the region between Ariminum and Placentia (commonly Gallia Cispadana) regio Aemilia, Mart. 6, 85.—Aemilius pons, so called after its builder, M. Aemilius Scaurus, Juv. 6, 32 Rupert.— Poet.:

Aemilia ratis,

the ship on which the booty acquired by L. Æmilius Paulus, in the war with Perseus, was conveyed to Rome, Prop. 4, 2, 8.—Aemilius ludus, a gladiatorial exhibition introduced by P. Æmilius Lepidus, Hor. A. P. 32.

aetas, ātis, f. [contr. from the anteclass. aevitas from aevum, q. v.; Prisc. 595 P.; cf. Welsh oet] ( gen. plur. aetatum;

but freq. also aetatium,

Liv. 1, 43; 9, 17; 26, 9; cf. Oud. ad Suet. Aug. 31; Vell. 2, 89; Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 2; Gell. 14, 1).

The period of life, time of life, life, age (divided, acc. to Varr. ap. Censor. 14, into pueritia, from birth to the 15th year; adulescentia, from that time to the 30th; juventus, to the 45th; the age of the seniores, to the 60th; and, finally, senectus, from that time till death. Others make a different division, v. Flor. 1 prooem.; Isid. Orig. 11, 2; Gell. 10, 28; 15, 20):

a primo tempore aetatis,

Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 13:

prima aetas,

id. Off. 2, 13:

ineuntis aetatis inscientia,

id. ib. 1, 34;

so 2, 13: flos aetatis,

the bloom of life, id. Phil. 2, 2; Liv. 21; Suet. Caes. 49; so,

bona aetas,

Cic. Sen. 14; and poet. in the plur.:

ambo florentes aetatibus,

Verg. E. 7, 4: quamquam aetas senet, satis habeo tamen virium, ut te arā arceam, Pac. ap. Prisc. 1, 10; id. ap. Non. 159, 19:

mala aetas,

old age, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 6; and absol.: aetas, aevitas = senectus, old age, SI MORBVS AEVITASVE VITIVM ESCIT, Fragm. of the XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25: aetate ( through age) non quis obtuerier, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 154; 1, 3, 130; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 5:

sed ipse morbo atque aetate confectus,

Sall. J. 9:

graves aetate,

Liv. 7, 39.—Sometimes also absol. = adulescentia, youth:

fui ego illā aetate et feci illa omnia,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 4; id. Most. 5, 2, 27:

damna, dedecora aetas ipsius pertulit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12:

tua autem aetas (of his son),

id. Off. 2, 13:

(mulier) non formā, non aetate, non opibus maritum invenerit,

Tac. G. 19:

expers belli propter aetatem,

Suet. Aug. 8: aetas consularis, the legal age for the consulship, i. e. the 43d year, Cic. Phil. 5, 17:

id aetatis jam sumus,

we have now reached that time of life, id. Fam. 6, 20, 3.—

Transf.

In gen., the lifetime of man, without reference to its different stages; life, Enn. ap. Gell. 18, 2, 16:

aetas acta honeste et splendide,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 25:

gerere,

id. Fam. 4, 5 al.:

tempus aetatis,

id. Sen. 19:

aetatem consumere in studio aliquo,

id. Off. 1, 1:

conterere in litibus,

id. Leg. 1, 20:

degere omnem in tranquillitate,

id. Fin. 2, 35; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 53 al.—In Ov. M. 12, 188, aetas = centum annos.—

A space of time, an age, generation, time:

heroicae aetates,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7:

haec aetas,

id. ib. 1, 3, 5; id. Rep. 1, 1:

alia,

id. Lael. 27, 101 Beier:

nostrā aetate,

in our times, Quint. 1, 4, 20:

cum primis aetatis suae comparabatur,

Nep. Iphicr. 1; Vell. 1, 16:

incuriosa suorum aetas,

Tac. Agr. 1:

omnia fert aetas,

time, Verg. E. 9, 51; so Hor. C. 4, 9, 10:

crastina aetas,

the morrow, Stat. Th. 3, 562. — Of the four ages of the world ( the golden age, silver age, etc.), Ov. M. 1, 89 sq.; v. aureus, argenteus, etc.—

Abstr. pro concreto, the time or period of life, for the man himself, the age, for the men living in it (mostly poet., and in prose after the Aug. per.; cf.

saeculum): sibi inimicus magis quam aetati tuae, i. e. tibi,

Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 1:

vae aetati tuae,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 105:

quid nos dura refugimus Aetas?

Hor. C. 1, 35, 34:

impia,

id. Epod. 16, 9:

veniens,

Ov. F. 6, 639:

omnis aetas currere obviam,

Liv. 27, 51:

omnis sexus, omnis aetas,

Tac. A. 13, 16:

innoxiam liberorum aetatem miserarentur, i. e. innocentes liberos,

id. H. 3, 68:

sexum, aetatem, ordinem omnem,

Suet. Calig. 4.—

Also of things without life, e. g. of wine, its age: bibite Falernum hoc: annorum quadraginta est. Bene, inquit, aetatem fert, it keeps well, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 2, 3; Plin. 23, 1, 20, § 33; 15, 2, 3, § 7.—So of buildings:

aetates aedificiorum,

Dig. 30, 58.—

Aetatem, a dverb. (ante-class.).

= semper, perpetuo, through the whole of life, during lifetime, continually:

ut aetatem ambo nobis sint obnoxii,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 18:

at tu aegrota, si lubet, per me aetatem quidem,

id. Curc. 4, 3, 22:

Quid, malum, me aetatem censes velle id adsimularier,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 38.—

= diu, longo tempore, an age, a long time, a long while:

an abiit jam a milite? Jamdudum aetatem,

Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 8:

quod solis vapor aetatem non posse videtur efficere,

what the heat of the sun cannot perhaps effect for years, Lucr. 6, 236.—

In aetate, adverb. (ante-class.).

At times, sometimes, now and then, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 2.—

At any time, always, ever, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61.

af-frĭco (better adf-), āre, ui, ātum, v. a., to rub on or against a thing: alicui (only in post-Aug. prose).

Lit.:

herbae se adfricans,

Plin. 8, 27, 41, § 99; so id. 29, 6, 38, § 122:

unguedine diu palmulis suis adfricata,

App. M. 3, 138 Elm.—

Trop., to communicate or impart by rubbing:

rubiginem suam alicui,

Sen. Ep. 7.

ălĭquandŏ, temp. adv. [aliquis; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 856, regards the affix in this word and in quando as from an earlier -da = dies].

A.. In opp. to a definite, fixed point of time, at some time or other, once; at any time, ever (i. e. at an indefinite, undetermined time, of the past, present, and future; mostly in affirmative clauses, while umquam is only used of past and future time, and in negative clauses or those implying doubt; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 2, 14, 51).—Of the past: neque ego umquam fuisse tale monstrum in terris ullum puto: quis clarioribus viris quodam tempore jucundior? quis turpioribus conjunctior: quis civis meliorum partium aliquando? Cic. Cael. 5, 12:

Ad quem angelorum dixit aliquando, Sede etc.,

Vulg. Heb. 1, 13.—Of the future:

erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet aliquando ille dies, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 26, 69:

cave, ne aliquando peccato consentias,

Vulg. Tob. 4, 6:

huic utinam aliquando gratiam referre possimus! Habebimus quidem semper,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4:

ne posset aliquando ad bellum faciendum locus ipse adhortari,

id. Off. 1, 11, 35.—Of the present: de rationibus et de controversiis societatis vult dijudicari. Sero: verum aliquando tamen, but yet once, in opp. to not at all, never, Cic. Quint. 13, 43.—

With non, nec (eccl. Lat.):

non peccabitis aliquando,

Vulg. 2 Pet. 1, 10:

nec aliquando defuit quidquam iis,

ib. 1 Reg. 25, 7; 25, 15; ib. Dan. 14, 6; ib 1 Thess. 2, 5.—

In connection with ullus, and oftener, esp. in Cic., with aliquis:

quaerere ea num vel e Philone vel ex ullo Academico audivisset aliquando,

Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 11: Forsitan aliquis aliquando ejusmodi quidpiam fecerit. id. Verr. 2, 32, 78;

ego quia dico aliquid aliquando, et quia, ut fit, in multis exit aliquando aliquid, etc.,

id. Planc 14, 35;

non despero fore aliquem aliquando,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 95:

docendo etiam aliquid aliquando,

id. Or. 42, 144:

Nam aut erit hic aliquid aliquando, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 11, 2.—So with quisquis:

nec quidquam aliquando periit,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 25, 15; 25, 7.—

Si forte aliquando or si aliquando, if at any time, if ever; or of a distant, but undefined, point of time, if once, at one time, or one day:

si quid hujus simile forte aliquando evenerit,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 40:

quod si aliquando manus ista plus valuerit quam vestra ac rei publicae dignitas, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 4, 10, 20: ampla domus dedecori saepe domino fit, et maxime si aliquando alio domino solita est frequentari, once, i. e. at a former time, id. Off. 1, 39, 139.—

It is often used (opp.: in praesentiā, nunc, adhuc) of an indefinite, past, or future time = olim, quondam, once, formerly; in future time, hereafter:

quod sit in praesentiā de honestate delibatum, virtute aliquando et industriā recuperetur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 174:

aliquando nobis libertatis tempus fuisse, quod pacis vobiscum non fuerit: nunc certe, etc., Liv 25, 29: Iol ad mare, aliquando ignobilis, nunc illustris,

Mel. 1, 6:

Qui aliquando non populus, nunc autem populus Dei,

Vulg. 1 Pet. 2, 10; ib. Philem. 11:

quam concedis adhuc artem omnino non esse, sed aliquando, etc.,

Cic. de Or 1, 58, 246.—Sometimes the point of time in contrast can be determined only from the context:

quaerere num e Philone audivisset aliquando,

Cic. Ac. Pr. 2, 4, 11:

veritus sum deesse Pompeii saluti, cum ille aliquando non defuisset meae,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 10:

aut quisquam nostri misereri potest, qui aliquando vobis hostis fuit?

Sall. J. 14, 17:

Zacynthus aliquando appellata Hyrie,

Plin. 4, 12, 19, § 54; Plin. Ep. 6, 10:

quae aliquando viderat,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 9; ib. 1 Pet. 3, 20.—

Of that which at times happens, in contrast with that which never or seldom occurs, sometimes, now and then = non numquam, interdum (opp.: numquam, raro; semper, saepe).

Te non numquam a me alienārunt, et me aliquando immutārunt tibi, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 2:

liceret ei dicere utilitatem aliquando cum honestate pugnare,

id. Off. 3, 3, 12:

sitne aliquando mentiri boni viri?

id. de Or. 3, 29, 113; Quint. 5, 13, 31:

multa proelia et aliquando non cruenta,

Tac. Agr. 17; Suet. Aug. 43.—

With numquam, raro; semper, saepe, saepius, modo in another clause:

convertit se aliquando ad timorem, numquam ad sanitatem,

Cic. Sull. 5, 17:

senatumque et populum numquam obscura nomina, etiam si aliquando obumbrentur,

Tac. H. 2, 32:

quod non saepe, atque haud scio an umquam, in aliquā parte eluceat aliquando,

Cic. Or. 2, 7:

raro, sed aliquando tamen, ex metu delirium nascitur,

Cels. 3, 18; so id. 8, 4; 1 praef.:

aliquando... semper,

Liv. 45, 23, 8:

aliquando fortuna, semper animo maximus,

Vell. 2, 18: Haud semper errat fama;

aliquando et elegit,

Tac. Agr. 9:

aliquando... saepe,

Cels. 1 praef.:

nec tamen ubique cerni, aliquando propter nubila, saepius globo terrae obstante,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56; so Tac. A. 3, 27; id. Agr. 38.—

In partitive clauses, twice, or even several times, like modo—modo, sometimes also alternating with non numquam or modo (so only in the post-Aug. per.), at one time... at another, now.. now:

confirmatio aliquando totius causae est, aliquando partium,

Quint. 5, 13, 58; Plin. 17, 28, 47, § 262; Sen. Q. N. 2, 36, 2:

aliquando emicat stella, aliquando ardores sunt, aliquando fixi et haerentes, non numquam volubiles,

id. ib. 1, 14; cf. Suet. Calig. 52:

Vespasianus modo in spem erectus, aliquando adversa reputabat,

Tac. H. 2, 74; id. A. 16, 10.—

In colloquial lang., to indicate that there is occasion for a certain thing, once, for once, on this occasion, now:

aliquando osculando melius est, uxor, pausam fieri,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 6, 1:

sed si placet, sermonem alio transferamus, et nostro more aliquando, non rhetorico loquamur,

now in our own way, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 133:

sed ne plura: dicendum enim aliquando est, Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

I must for once say it, id. Fam. 13, 1, 14.—

In commands, exhortations, or wishes, = tandem, at length, now at last:

audite quaeso, judices, et aliquando miseremini sociorum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 28, 72:

mode scribe aliquando ad nos, quid agas,

id. Fam. 7, 12, 2:

stulti, aliquando sapite,

Vulg. Psa. 93, 8:

ipse agat, ut orbatura patres aliquando fulmina ponat,

Ov. M. 2, 391:

Aliquando isti principes sibi populi Romani auctoritati parendum esse fateantur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64; id. Verr. 4, 37, 81; Sall. J. 14, 21; Ov. M. 2, 390:

et velim aliquando, cum erit tuum commodum, Lentulum puerum visas,

Cic. Att. 12, 28.—Hence,

Of that which happens after long expectation or delay, freq. in connection with tandem, finally, at length, now at last:

quibus (quaestionibus) finem aliquando amicorum auctoritas fecit,

Cic. Clu. 67, 191:

(dii) placati jam vel satiati aliquando,

id. Marcell. 6, 18:

collegi me aliquando,

id. Clu. 18, 51: aliquando idque sero usum loquendi populo concessi, finally. i. e. after I have for a long time spoken in another manner, id. Or. 48, 160:

te aliquando collaudare possum, quod jam, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 17; Suet. Aug. 70:

diu exspectaverant, dum retia extraherentur: aliquando extractis piscis nullus infuit,

id. Clar. Rhet. 1.—With tandem:

aliquando tandem huc animum ut adducas tuum,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 61:

spes est et hunc aliquan do tandem posse consistere,

Cic. Quint. 30, 94 tandem aliquando L. Catilinam ex urbe ejecimus, id. Cat. 2, 1:

ut tandem aliquando timere desinam,

id. ib. 1, 7, 18; id. Quint. 30, 94:

servus tandem aliquando mihi a te exspectatissimas litteras reddidit,

id. Fam. 16, 9:

tandem aliquando refloruistis,

Vulg. Phil. 4, 10.—With jam:

utile esse te aliquando jam rem transigere,

now at length Cic. Att. 1, 4.

ămīcĭtĭa, ae, f. ( gen. sing. amicitiāï, Lucr. 3, 83; acc. amicitiem, id. 5, 1019 Lachm.; cf. Charis. p. 94 P., and Neue, Formenl. I. p. 372) [amicus], friendship (very freq. in Cic., occurring more than 200 times).

Lit.:

Est autem amicitia nihil aliud nisi omnium divinarum humanarumque rerum cum benevolentiā et caritate summa consensio,

Cic. Am. 6: eo ego ingenio natus sum: amicitiam atque inimicitiam in frontem promptam gero, Enn. ap. Non. 129, 26:

jam diu ego huic bene et hic mihi volumus, et amicitia est antiqua,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 4:

Per te deos oro et nostram amicitiam,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 6:

sperata voluptas Suavis amicitiae,

Lucr. 1, 142:

vincula amicitiaï,

id. 3, 83. The expressions usually connected with it are:

amicitiam incipere,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:

amicitia nascitur,

Cic. Am. 9, 29:

amicitia exardescit,

id. ib. 27, 100:

est mihi amicitia cum aliquo,

id. Clu. 42:

amicitia est inter aliquos,

id. Planc. 33:

esse in amicitiā cum aliquo,

Nep. Hann. 2, 4:

in amicitiam recipere,

Cic. Att. 2, 20:

amicitiam colere,

id. Fam. 15, 14:

contrahere,

id. Am. 14:

gerere,

id. Fam. 3, 8, and Nep. Dat. 10, 3:

tueri,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20:

jungere,

Lucr. 5, 1019; Cic. Deiot. 9; Vulg. Exod. 34, 12:

expetere,

Cic. Am. 13:

comparare,

id. Rosc. Am. 38:

parere,

Nep. Alcib. 7, 5:

conferre se ad amicitiam alicujus,

Cic. Brut. 81:

dedere se amicitiae alicujus,

Caes. B. G. 3, 22:

accedere ad amicitiam alicujus,

Nep. Eum. 1, 4:

in amicitias incidere,

Cic. Am. 12, 42:

amicitiā alicujus uti,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 43:

pervenire in intimam amicitiam alicujus,

Nep. Alcib. 5, 3:

manere in amicitiā,

Cic. Verr 2, 5, 32:

amicitiam violare,

Liv. 34, 31:

deserere jura amicitiae,

Cic. Am. 10:

funditus evertere,

id. Fin. 2, 25:

dissociare,

id. Am. 20:

dimittere, dissuere, discindere,

id. ib. 21:

dirumpere,

id. ib. 22 fin.:

dissolvere,

Vulg. Eccli. 22, 5:

deficere ab amicitiā alicujus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2:

repudiare amicitiam alicujus,

Cic. Planc. 19:

renunciare amicitiam alicui,

Liv. 42, 25.—

Transf.

In the histt., a league of friendship, an alliance between different nations, = foedus:

Ubii, qui amicitiam fecerant,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16:

amicitiam populi Romani colere,

Sall. J. 8, 2:

in amicitiam Populi Romani venire,

Liv. 22, 37:

reges bello victos in amicitiam recipere,

Sall. J. 14, 5:

foedus et amicitia,

id. ib. 104, 5:

amicitia et foedus,

id. ib. 104, 4:

amicitia ac societas,

Liv. 7, 31:

amicitiae foedus,

id. 42, 12:

amicitiam petere,

id. 38, 18:

quae urbes in amicitiā permanserant,

id. 43, 21; 10, 45:

amicitias cum aliquo facere,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 31, 2:

cum aliquo inire,

ib. 2 Par. 20, 35 al. —

In botany, of plants, sympathy:

rutae cum flco,

Plin. 19, 8, 45, § 156:

inter has vitium amicitiā accipitur ulmus,

id. 16, 17, 29, § 72.—

In post-Aug. Lat., abstr. pro concr. = amici:

hospitem nisi ex amicitiā domini quam rarissime recipiat,

Col. 11, 1, 23 (cf. before:

hospitem nisi amicum familiaremque domini necessarium receperit): quin et parte ejusdem epistulae increpuit amicitias muliebres,

Tac. A. 5, 2:

omnes amicitias et familiaritates intra breve tempus adflixit,

Suet. Tib. 51.

ăn, conj. [etym. very obscure; v. the various views adduced in Hand, I. p. 296, with which he seems dissatisfied; if it is connected with the Sanscr. anjas, = Germ. ander, = Engl. other, we may comp. the Engl. other and or with the Germ. oder, = or]. It introduces the second part of a disjunctive interrogation, or a phrase implying doubt, and thus unites in itself the signif. of aut and num or -ne, or, or whether (hence the clause with an is entirely parallel with that introduced by num, utrum, -ne, etc., while aut forms only a subdivision in the single disjunctive clause; utrum... aut—an... aut, whether... or, etc.; cf. Ochsn. Eclog. p. 150; v. also aut).

In disjunctive interrogations.

Direct.

Introd. by utrum (in Engl. the introd. particle whether is now obsolete, and the interrogation is denoted simply by the order of the words):

Utrum hac me feriam an ab laevā latus?

Plaut. Cist. 3, 10:

sed utrum tu amicis hodie an inimicis tuis Daturu's cenam?

id. Ps. 3, 2, 88; id. Pers. 3, 1, 13; id. Trin. 1, 2, 138; id. Cas. 2, 4, 11:

Utrum sit annon voltis?

id. Am. prol. 56:

quid facies? Utrum hoc tantum crimen praetermittes an obicies?

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 30 sq.:

in plebem vero Romanam utrum superbiam prius commemorem an crudelitatem?

id. Verr. 1, 122; id. Deiot. 23; id. Fam. 7, 13:

Utrum enim defenditis an impugnatis plebem?

Liv. 5, 3. —And with an twice:

Utrum hoc signum cupiditatis tuae an tropaeum necessitudinis atque hospitii an amoris indicium esse voluisti?

Cic. Verr. 2, 115; id. Imp. Pomp. 57 sq.; id. Rab. 21.—With an three times:

Utrum res ab initio ita ducta est, an ad extremum ita perducta, an ita parva est pecunia, an is (homo) Verres, ut haec quae dixi, gratis facta esse videantur?

Cic. Verr. 2, 61; 3, 83; id. Clu. 183; Liv. 21, 10; and seven times in Cic. Dom. 56-58.—With -ne pleon. (not to be confounded with cases where utrum precedes as pron.; as Cic. Tusc. 4, 4, 9):

sed utrum tu masne an femina es, qui illum patrem voces?

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 16; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; id. Stich. 5, 4, 26:

Utrum studione id sibi habet an laudi putat Fore, si etc.,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 28:

Utrum igitur tandem perspicuisne dubia aperiuntur an dubiis perspicua tolluntur?

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67.—And affixed to utrum, but rarely:

Utrumne jussi persequemur otium... an hunc laborem etc.,

Hor. Epod. 1, 7; Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 4; Quint. 12, 1, 40.—

Introduced by -ne:

quid fit? seditio tabetne an numeros augificat suos?

Enn. Trag. Rel. p. 23 Rib.:

servos esne an liber?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 186:

idne agebas, ut tibi cum sceleratis an ut cum bonis civibus conveniret?

Cic. Lig. 18; 23:

custosne urbis an direptor et vexator esset Antonius?

id. Phil. 3, 27; id. Mur. 88; id. Sull. 22.—

So with an twice,

Cic. Cat. 1, 28; id. Att. 16, 8;

and five times,

id. Balb. 9.—

Introduced by nonne:

Nonne ad servos videtis rem publicam venturam fuisse? An mihi ipsi fuit mors aequo animo oppetenda?

Cic. Sest. 47; id. Sex. Rosc. 43 sq.; id. Dom. 26; 127.—So with an twice, Cic. Phil. 11, 36.—

Introduced by num:

si quis invidiae metus, num est vehementius severitatis invidia quam inertiae pertimescenda?

Cic. Cat. 1, 29; id. Mur. 76; id. Sest. 80:

Num quid duas habetis patrias an est illa patria communis?

id. Leg. 2, 2.—

Without introductory particle:

quid igitur? haec vera an falsa sunt?

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 95:

quid enim exspectas? bellum an tabulas novas?

id. Cat. 2, 18:

ipse percussit an aliis occidendum dedit?

id. Sex. Rosc. 74; id. Verr. 2, 106; id. Imp. Pomp. 53; id. Phil. 2, 27:

eloquar an sileam?

Verg. A. 3, 37:

auditis an me ludit amabilis Insania?

Hor. C. 3, 4, 5.—So an twice, Cic. Mil. 54;

three times,

Plin. Ep. 2, 8;

and six times,

Cic. Rab. 14; id. Pis. 40.—

Indirect.

Introduced by utrum:

quid tu, malum, curas, Utrum crudum an coctum edim?

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16; id. Cist. 4, 2, 11; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 1; id. Mil. 2, 3, 74:

quaero, si quis... utrum is clemens an inhumanissimus esse videatur,

Cic. Cat. 4, 12:

agitur, utrum M. Antonio facultas detur an horum ei facere nihil liceat,

id. Phil. 5, 6; id. Sex. Rosc. 72; id. Imp. Pomp. 42; id. Verr. 1, 105.

aut for an: Loquimini de me utrum bovem cujusquam tulerim aut asinum, 1 Reg. 12, 3.—And with -ne pleon.:

res in discrimine versatur, utrum possitne se contra luxuriem parsimonia defendere an deformata cupiditati addicatur,

Cic. Quinct. 92:

numquamne intelleges statuendum tibi esse, utrum illi, qui istam rem gesserunt, homicidaene sint an vindices libertatis?

id. Phil. 2, 30.—

Introduced by -ne:

Fortunāne an forte repertus,

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 159 Rib. agitur autem liberine vivamus an mortem obeamus, Cic. Phil. 11, 24; id. Verr. 4, 73; id. Mil. 16:

nunc vero non id agitur, bonisne an malis moribus vivamus etc.,

Sall. C. 52, 10.—So with an three times, Cic. Or. 61.—

Introduced by an:

haud scio an malim te videri... an amicos tuos plus habuisse,

Cic. Pis. 39.—

Without introd. particle:

... vivam an moriar, nulla in me est metus,

Enn. Trag. Rel. p. 72 Rib.:

vivat an mortuus sit, quis aut scit aut curat?

Cic. Phil. 13, 33; 3, 18; id. Sex. Rosc. 88; id. Red. in Sen. 14.—

Sometimes the opinion of the speaker or the probability inclines to the second interrogative clause (cf. infra, II. E.). and this is made emphatic, as a corrective of the former, or rather, or on the contrary:

ea quae dixi ad corpusne refers? an est aliquid, quod te suā sponte delectet?

Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 107:

Cur sic agere voluistis? An ignoratis quod etc.,

Vulg. Gen. 44, 15.—Hence, in the comic poets, an potius:

cum animo depugnat suo, Utrum itane esse mavelit ut... An ita potius ut etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 31: id. Stich. 1, 2, 18; id. Trin. 2, 2, 25:

an id flagitium est, An potius hoc patri aequomst fieri, ut a me ludatur dolis?

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 94.—

The first part of the interrogation is freq. not expressed, but is to be supplied from the context; in this case, an begins the interrog., or, or rather, or indeed, or perhaps (but it does not begin an absolute, i. e. not disjunctive, interrog.): De. Credam ego istuc, si esse te hilarem videro. Ar. An tu esse me tristem putas? (where nonne me hilarem esse vides? is implied), Plaut. As. 5, 1, 10: Ch. Sed Thaïs multon ante venit? Py. An abiit jam a milite? Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 7:

An ego Ulixem obliscar umquam?

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 199 Rib.:

An parum vobis est quod peccatis?

Vulg. Josh. 22, 17:

est igitur aliquid, quod perturbata mens melius possit facere quam constans? an quisquam potest sine perturbatione mentis irasci?

Cic. Tusc. 4, 24, 54; cf. id. Clu. 22; id. Off. 3, 29: Debes hoc etiam rescribere, sit tibi curae Quantae conveniat Munatius; an male sarta Gratia nequiquam coit...? or is perhaps, etc., Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 31 K. and H. —So esp. in Cic., in order to make the truth of an assertion more certain, by an argumentum a minore ad majus:

cur (philosophus) pecuniam magno opere desideret vel potius curet omnino? an Scythes Anacharsis potuit pro nihilo pecuniam ducere, nostrates philosophi non potuerunt?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 89 sq.:

An vero P. Scipio T. Gracchum privatus interfecit, Catilinam vero nos consules perferemus?

id. Cat. 1, 1; so id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 14, 5, 12 Muret.; id. Fin. 1, 2, 5, ubi v. Madv.—It sometimes introduces a question suggested by the words of another: He. Mane. Non dum audisti, Demea, Quod est gravissimum? De. An quid est etiam anplius? Is there then etc., Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 21:

sed ad haec, nisi molestum est, habeo quae velim. An me, inquam, nisi te audire vellem censes haec dicturum fuisse?

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 28; 2, 22, 74; id. Tusc. 5, 26, 73; 5, 12, 35; id. Brut. 184; id. Fat. 2, 4; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 28.—It sometimes anticipates an answer to something going before: At vero si ad vitem sensus accesserit, ut appetitum quendam habeat et per se ipsa moveatur, quid facturam putas? An ea, quae per vinitorem antea consequebatur, per se ipsa curabit? shall we not say that, must we not think that etc., Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 38, ubi v. Madv.—

An non. and in one word, annon (in direct questions more freq. than necne):

isne est quem quaero an non?

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 12:

Hocine agis an non?

id. And. 1, 2, 15:

Tibi ego dico an non?

id. ib. 4, 4, 23:

utrum sit an non voltis?

Plaut. Am. prol. 56:

utrum cetera nomina in codicem accepti et expensi digesta habes annon?

Cic. Rosc. Com. 3 al. —Also in indirect questions = necne, q. v.:

abi, vise redieritne jam an non dum domum,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 4, 5:

videbo utrum clamorem opere conpleverint, an non est ita,

Vulg. Gen. 18, 21; 24, 21.—

An ne, usually written anne, pleon. for an.

In direct questions:

anne tu dicis quā ex causā vindicaveris?

Cic. Mur. 26. —

In indirect questions:

nec. aequom anne iniquom imperet, cogitabit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19; id. Ps. 1, 1, 122:

percontarier, Utrum aurum reddat anne eat secum simul,

id. Bacch. 4, 1, 4:

Nam quid ego de consulato loquar, parto vis, anue gesto?

Cic. Pis. 1, 3:

cum interrogetur, tria pauca sint anne multa,

id. Ac. 2, 29:

Gabinio dicam anne Pompeio, an utrique,

id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 57; so id. Or. 61, 206:

Quid enim interest, divitias, opes, valetudinem bona dicas anne praeposita, cum etc.,

id. Fin. 4, 9, 23 Madv.; August. ap. Suet. Aug. 69 al. (for the omission of the second disjunctive clause or the particle necne representing it, v. utrum;

instances of this usage in eccl. Lat. are,

Vulg. Lev. 13, 36; 14, 36; ib. Num. 11, 23 al.).—

In disjunctive clauses that express doubt, or.

Utrum stultitiā facere ego hunc an malitiā Dicam, scientem an imprudentem, incertus sum. Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 54:

ut nescias, utrum res oratione an verba sententiis illustrentur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56:

honestumne factu sit an turpe, dubitant,

id. Off. 1, 3, 9:

nescio, gratulerne tibi an timeam,

id. Fam. 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 7, 5:

pecuniae an famae minus parceret, haud facile discerneres,

Sall. C. 25, 3; so id. ib. 52, 10; Suet. Aug. 19; id. Tib. 10; id. Claud. 15:

cognoscet de doctrinā, utrum ex Deo sit an ego a me ipso loquar,

Vulg. Joan. 7, 17; ib. Eccl. 2, 19 al.—

An sometimes denotes uncertainty by itself, without a verb of doubting (dubito, dubium or incertum est, etc., vet in such cases the editors are divided between an and aut; cf. Mos. and Orell. ad Cic. Rep. 1, 12): verene hoc memoriae proditum est [p. 115] regem istum Numam Pythagorae ipsius discipulum, an certe Pythagoreum fuisse? Cic. Rep. 2, 15, where B. and K. read aut certe: Cn. Octavius est an Cn. Cornelius quidam tuus familiaris, summo genere natus, terrae filius;

is etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 9 B. and K.:

Themistocles quidem, cum ei Simonides an quis alius artem memoriae polliceretur, Oblivionis, inquit, mallem,

Simonides or some other person, id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. Fam. 7, 9, 3; id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 2, 7, 3; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—

It often stands for sive (so esp. in and after the Aug. per.):

quod sit an non, nihil commovet analogiam,

whether this be so or not, Varr. L. L. 9, § 105 Müll.; Att. ap. Prisc. p. 677 P.; Ov. R. Am. 797:

saucius an sanus, numquid tua signa reliqui,

id. F. 4, 7:

Illa mihi referet, si nostri mutua curast, An minor, an toto pectore deciderim,

Tib. 3, 1, 20; Tac. A. 11, 26:

sive nullam opem praevidebat inermis atque exul, seu taedio ambiguae spei an amore conjugis et liberorum,

id. ib. 14, 59.—

The first disjunctive clause is freq. to be supplied from the gen. idea or an may stand for utrum—necne (cf. supra, I. D.):

qui scis, an, quae jubeam, sine vi faciat? (vine coactus is to be supplied),

how knowest thou whether or not he will do it without compulsion? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 20:

An dolo malo factum sit, ambigitur,

Cic. Tull. 23:

quaesivi an misisset (periplasmata),

id. Verr. 4, 27:

Vide an facile fieri tu potueris, cum etc.,

id. Fragm. B. 13, 2, 1:

praebete aurem et videte an mentiar,

Vulg. Job, 6, 28: de L. Bruto fortasse dubitaverim an propter infinitum odium tyranni effrenatius in Aruntem invaserit, I might doubt whether or not, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 22, 50; id. Verr. 3, 76:

Quis scit an adiciant hodiernae crastina summae Tempora di superi?

Hor. C. 4, 7, 17; Plin. Ep. 6, 21, 3; Quint. 2, 17, 38:

Sine videamus an veniat Elias,

Vulg. Matt. 27, 49:

tria sine dubio rursus spectanda sunt, an sit, quid sit, quale sit,

Quint. 5, 10, 53:

dubium an quaesitā morte,

Tac. A. 1, 5; 6, 50; 4, 74:

Multitudo an vindicatura Bessum fuerit, incertum est,

Curt. 7, 5:

diu Lacedaemonii, an eum summae rei praeponerent, deliberaverunt,

Just. 6, 2, 4 et saep.—

Since in such distrib. sentences expressive of doubt, the opinion of the speaker or the probability usually inclines to the second, i. e. to the clause beginning with an, the expressions haud scio an, nescio an, dubito an (the latter through all pers. and tenses), incline to an affirmative signification, I almost know, I am inclined to think, I almost think, I might say, I might assert that, etc., for perhaps, probably (hence the opinion is incorrect that an, in this situation, stands for an non; for by an non a negation of the objective clause is expressed, e. g. nescio an non beatus sit, I am almost of the opinion that he is not happy, v. infra, and cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 1, Exc. XI. p. 335 sq.; Cic. uses haud scio an eleven times in his Orations;

nescio an, four times): atque haud scio an, quae dixit sint vera omnia,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 45:

crudele gladiatorum spectaculum et inhumanum non nullis videri solet: et haud scio an ita sit, ut nunc fit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 41; id. Fl. 26:

testem non mediocrem, sed haud scio an gravissimum,

perhaps, id. Off. 3, 29:

constantiam dico? nescio an melius patientiam possim dicere,

id. Lig. 9; id. Fam. 9, 19:

ingens eo die res, ac nescio an maxima illo bello gesta sit,

Liv. 23, 16; Quint. 12, 11, 7 al.:

si per se virtus sine fortunā ponderanda sit, dubito an Thrasybulum primum omuium ponam,

I am not certain whether I should not prefer Thrasybulus to all others, Nep. Thras. 1 Dähne:

dicitur acinace stricto Darius dubitāsse an fugae dedecus honestā morte vitaret,

i. e. was almost resolved upon, Curt. 4, 5, 30:

ego dubito an id improprium potius appellem,

Quint. 1, 5, 46; Gell. 1, 3 al.—Hence, a neg. objective clause must contain in this connection the words non, nemo, nullus, nihil, numquam, nusquam, etc.:

dubitet an turpe non sit,

he is inclined to believe that it is not bad, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:

haud scio an ne opus quidem sit, nihil umquam deesse amicis,

id. Am. 14, 51:

eloquentiā quidem nescio an habuisset parem neminem,

id. Brut. 33: quod cum omnibus est faciendum tum haud scio an nemini potius quam tibi, to no one perhaps more, id. Off. 3, 2, 6:

meā sententiā haud scio an nulla beatior esse possit,

id. Sen. 16; id. Leg. 1, 21:

non saepe atque haud scio an numquam,

id. Or. 2, 7 al. —

Sometimes the distributive clause beginning with an designates directly the opposite, the more improbable, the negative; in which case nescio an, haud scio an, etc., like the Engl. I know not whether, signify I think that not, I believe that not, etc.; hence, in the object. clause, aliquis, quisquam, ullus, etc., must stand instead of nemo, nullus, etc. (so for the most part only after Cic.): an profecturus sim, nescio, I know not (i. e. I doubt, I am not confident) whether I shall effect any thing, Sen. Ep. 25:

opus nescio an superabile, magnum certe tractemus,

id. Q. N. 3, praef. 4; Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: haud scio an vivere nobis liceret, I know not whether we, etc., Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22: doleo enim maximam feminam eripi oculis civitatis, nescio an aliquid simile visuris, for I know not whether they will ever see any thing of this kind, Plin. Ep. 7, 19; Val. Max. 5, 2, 9:

nescio an ullum tempus jucundius exegerim,

I do not know whether I have ever passed time more pleasantly, id. 3, 1:

namque huic uni contigit, quod nescio an ulli,

Nep. Timol. 1, 1; Sen. Contr. 3 praef.; Quint. 9, 4, 1:

nostri quoque soloecum, soloecismum nescio an umquam dixerint,

Gell. 5, 20 al. Cf. upon this word Hand, Turs. I. pp. 296-361, and Beier, Exc. ad Cic. Am. pp. 202-238.

an-, v. ambi.

- ăn. This word appears in forsan, forsitan, and fortasse an (Att. Trag. Rel. p. 151 Rib.) or fortassan, seeming to enhance the idea of uncertainty and doubt belonging to fors, etc., and is regarded by some as the Greek conditional particle an, and indeed one of these compounds, forsitan, sometimes in the Vulgate, translates an; as, Joan. 4, 10; 5, 46; 8, 19; and in 3, Joan. 9, it still represents the various reading, an.

anceps (once ancipes, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 114; cf. Charis, pp. 67 and 96 P.; Prisc. p. 754 P.; with this form cf. procapis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 225 Müll., and Corss. Ausspr. II. pp. 398, 591; abl. sing. always ancipiti), cĭpĭtis, adj. [an-caput; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 19 Müll.].

Lit., that has two heads, twoheaded (cf.: biceps, praeceps, etc.;

so only in the poets): Janus,

Ov. M. 14, 334; so id. F. 1, 95 (cf.:

Janus bifrons,

Verg. A. 7, 180). —Hence also of a mountain which has two summits, two-peaked:

acumen,

Ov. M. 12, 337.—

In gen.

1.. Of an object whose qualities have significance in two respects, double, that extends on two opposite sides (while duplex is an object that exists in separate forms, twice. Thus anceps sententia is an opinion which wavers, fluctuates between two decisions, while duplex sententia is a twofold opinion):

Post altrinsecus ancipes securiculast,

the axe cuts on two sides, is two-edged, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 114; so, ferrum, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 245, 17, and Lucr. 6, 168:

securis,

Ov. M. 8, 397 al. —Also, poet., of the contrast between great heat and cold: Ancipiti quoniam mucroni utrimque notantur, since things are marked by double point, i. e. one at one, another at the other end, Lucr. 2, 520:

bestiae quasi ancipites in utrāque sede viventes,

amphibious animals, Cic. N. D. 1, 37;

so in the histt. freq. of an attack, a contest, etc., on two different sides,

Caes. B. G. 7, 76: ita ancipiti proelio diu atque acriter pugnatum est, double, because contending with enemies both in front and in the rear, id. ib. 1, 26 Herz.; so id. B. C. 3, 63; Nep. Them. 3, 3:

periculum,

Sall. J. 38, 5: ancipitem pugnam hostibus facere, double, as given by horse and foot, Tac. A. 6, 35:

ancipiti metu et ab cive et ab hoste,

twofold, Liv. 2, 24; so,

anceps terror,

id. 34, 21; Tac. Agr. 26:

tumultus,

Liv. 32, 30: tela, shot or hurled from both sides, id. 37, 11:

ancipitia munimenta,

on two sides, id. 5, 1 al. —

Trop., twofold:

propter ancipitem faciendi dicendique sapientiam,

Cic. de Or. 3, 16:

ancipites viae rationesque et pro omnibus et contra omnia disputandi,

id. ib. 3, 36:

adferre ancipitem curam cogitandi,

a twofold care of thought, id. Off. 1, 3, 9; so Tac. A. 2, 40:

jus anceps,

the uncertainties of law, Hor. S. 2, 5, 34 al. —

Wavering, doubtful, uncertain, unfixed, undecided (the prevalent signif. in Cic.):

anceps fatorum via,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 2:

incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,

id. Marcell. 5:

anceps proelii fortuna,

Tac. H. 3, 18:

oraculum,

Liv. 9, 3:

proelium,

id. 2, 62, and Tac. H. 3, 22;

so esp. freq.: ancipiti Marte pugnare,

to contend without deciding the contest, Liv. 7, 29; 21, 1 al.:

causa anceps,

Cic. de Or. 2, 44:

genus causarum anceps,

id. Inv. 1, 15, 20 (cf.: genus causarum dubium, Auct. ad Her. 1, 3:

dubium vel anceps,

Quint. 4, 1, 10):

fides,

uncertain, wavering, fidelity, Curt. 3, 8;

so also, ancipites animi,

Luc. 9, 46.—Also ellipt.: Lucanus an Apulus, anceps, doubtful whether, etc., * Hor. S. 2, 1, 34.—

Dangerous, hazaraous, perilous, critical (post-Aug.; esp. freq. in Tac.;

never in Cic.): viae,

Ov. M. 14, 438:

loca,

Nep. Dat. 7, 3:

dubiā et interdum ancipiti fortunā,

Vell. 2, 79:

anceps periculum,

Tac. A. 4, 59:

ancipites morbi corporis,

Plin. 7, 45, 46, § 149:

cujus (Antonii) operā ex ancipiti morbo convaluerat,

Suet. Aug. 59:

Ideo et purgationibus (labruscum) ancipitem putant,

Plin. 23, 1, 14, § 20:

vox pro re publicā honesta, ipsi anceps,

pernicious, Tac. H. 1, 5:

adulatio anceps si nulla et ubi nimia est,

id. A. 4, 17.—So subst., danger, hazard, peril, = periculum, discrimen:

dubiā suorum re in anceps tractus vim legionum implorabat,

Tac. A. 4, 73:

seu nihil militi seu omnia concederentur, in ancipiti res publica,

id. ib. 1, 36:

scelus inter ancipitia probatum,

id. ib. 11, 26;

14, 22: facilius inter ancipitia clarescunt,

id. G. 14:

nova ambigua ancipitia malebat,

id. H. 2, 86:

inter ancipitia deterrimum est media sequi,

id. ib. 3, 40.

► Comp., sup., and adv. not used.