dē-spondeō

dē-spondĕo, spondi, sponsum, 2 ( perf. despopondisse, Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 2; plqpf. despoponderas, id. Truc. 4, 3, 51;

with despondi,

id. Aul. 2, 3, 4:

despondisse,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 9 et saep.), v. a., to promise to give, to promise, pledge.

Lit.

In gen. (rarely):

librum alicui,

Cic. Att. 13, 12, 3:

Syriam homini,

id. ib. 1, 16, 8:

domum, hortos, Baias sibi,

id. ib. 11, 6, 6:

imperium Orientis Romanis,

Liv. 26, 37:

consulatum,

id. 4, 13: Tarpeias arces sibi (sc. diripiendas, with promittere), Luc. 7, 758.— Far more freq. and class.,

In partic. t. t., to promise in marriage, to betroth, engage: qui spoponderat filiam, despondisse dicebatur, quod de sponte ejus, id est de voluntate exierat, Varr. L. L. 6, § 71 Müll.:

filiam alicui,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 28; id. Rud. 4, 8, 5; Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 36; Cic. Att. 1, 3 fin.; id. de Or. 1, 56, 239; id. Clu. 64, 179; Liv. 1, 26; 1, 39; Ov. M. 9, 715:

vos uni viro,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 11, 2 et saep.— Absol.:

placuit despondi (sc. eam),

Ter. And. 1, 1, 75; cf.:

sororem suam in tam fortem familiam,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 9; and:

filiam suam in divitias maxumas,

id. Cist. 2, 3, 57. —Rarely with sibi: Orestillae filiam sibi, to espouse, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 7.— Pass. impers.:

intus despondebitur,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 16.—

Transf., facete:

bibliothecam tuam cave cuiquam despondeas, quamvis acrem amatorem inveneris,

Cic. Att. 1, 10, 4.—

Trop.

To promise, give up, devote to:

spes reipublicae despondetur anno consulatus tui,

Cic. Fam. 12, 9, 2:

perjuria meritis poenis,

Val. Fl. 7, 509.—

With predom. idea of removing, putting away from one's self, to give up, yield, resign. So esp. freq. in Plaut.: animum, to lose courage, to despair, despond:

ne lamentetur neve animum despondeat,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 6; 4, 2, 63; id. Merc. 3, 4, 29; id. Men. prol. 35; Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 6;

in the same sense, animos,

Liv. 3, 38; 26, 7; 31, 22;

and simply, despondere,

Col. 8, 10, 1:

sapientiam,

to despair of acquiring wisdom, Col. 11, 1, 11; cf.: nempe quas spopondi? St. Immo, quas despondi, inquito, have got rid of by promising, i. e. by being security for others, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 25 Ritschl (Fleck. dependi).

fĭdes, ĕi ( gen. sing. scanned fĭdēï, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1; Lucr. 5, 102.— Ante-class. and poet. form of the gen. fide, like die, facie, etc., Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 1; id. Poen. 4, 2, 68; Ov. M. 3, 341; 6, 506; 7, 728; 737; Hor. C. 3, 7, 4; cf. Prisc. p. 781 P.; Charis. p. 53 ib.; Ritschl, Proleg. p. 90.— Dat. fide, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 80; 91; 105; Enn. ap. Non. 112, 1, or Ann. v. 111 ed. Vahl.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 95), f. [fido], trust in a person or thing, faith, confidence, reliance, credence, belief (syn.: fidelitas, fiducia, confidentia).

Lit.

In gen.:

si sciat noster senex, fidem non esse huic habitam,

that he has not been trusted, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 52; cf.:

fides ut habeatur, duabus rebus effici potest... iis fidem habemus, quos plus intelligere quam nos arbitramur... bonis viris ita fides habetur, ut nulla sit in iis fraudis injuriaeque suspicio... prudentia sine justitia nihil valeat ad faciendam fidem, etc.,

to give confidence, produce confidence, Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; see in the foll.: neque pauci, neque leves sunt, qui se duo soles vidisse dicant;

ut non tam fides non habenda, quam ratio quaerenda sit,

to give credence, id. Rep. 1, 10; cf.:

quod si insanorum visis fides non est habenda, quia falsa sunt, cur credatur somniantium visis, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 59, 122:

si ita posset defendere, tamen fides huic defensioni non haberetur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 148:

me miseram! forsitan hic mihi parvam habeat fidem,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 117; cf.:

cum jam minor fabulis haberetur fides,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

(fidem) majorem tibi habui quam paene ipsi mihi,

id. Fam. 5, 20, 2; cf. id. ib. 7, 18, 1:

ex aliis ei maximam fidem habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4:

cui maximam fidem suarum rerum habeat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131; cf.:

cui summam omnium rerum fidem habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19, 3:

fidem commenticiis rebus adjungere,

Cic. Div. 2, 55, 113:

testimonio fidem tribuere,

id. Sull. 3, 10; cf.:

Cratippus iisdem rebus fidem tribuit,

id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

et auctoritatem orationi affert et fidem,

id. Or. 34, 120:

si tota oratio nostra omnem sibi fidem sensibus confirmat,

id. Fin. 1, 21, 71:

constituere fidem,

id. Part. Or. 9, 31: fidem facit oratio, awakens or produces belief, id. Brut. 50, 187; cf.:

quoniam auribus vestris... minorem fidem faceret oratio mea,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 4:

aliquamdiu fides fieri non poterat,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37, 1;

so with dare (rare): res ipsa fidem sermoni meo dabit,

App. M. 4, p. 146, 25:

Hercules cui ea res immortalitatis fidem dedit,

assured of, Just. 24, 4, 4; Plin. Pan. 74, 3.—With object-clauses:

fac fidem, te nihil nisi populi utilitatem et fructum quaerere,

evince, show, Cic. Agr. 2, 8, 22: tibi fidem faciemus, nos ea suadere, quae, etc., will convince, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, A. fin.:

mihi fides apud hunc est, nihil me istius facturum,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 10; cf.:

cum vix fides esset, rem ullo modo successuram,

Suet. Vesp. 7:

male fidem servando illis quoque abrogant fidem,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 41:

quorum rebus gestis, fidem et auctoritatem in testimonio inimicitiarum suspicio derogavit,

Cic. Font. 7, 13; cf.:

alicui abrogare fidem juris jurandi,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44; and:

omnibus abrogatur fides,

id. Ac. 2, 11, 36:

quae res fidem abrogat orationi,

Auct. Her. 1, 10, 17:

imminuit et oratoris auctoritatem et orationis fidem,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 156:

multa fidem promissa levant,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 10: fidem addere, to give credence (opp. fidem demere):

ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,

Tac. G. 3 fin. —

In partic., in mercant. lang., credit:

cum fides totā Italiā esset angustior, neque creditae pecuniae solverentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 2; cf.:

scimus, Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

fides de foro sublata erat,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

labefacta jam fide,

credit being impaired, Suet. Vesp. 4:

pecunia suā aut amicorum fide sumpta mutua,

Sall. C. 24, 2:

non contentus agrariis legibus fidem moliri coepit,

Liv. 6, 11, 8; cf.:

fidem abrogare,

id. 6, 41, 11:

fidemque remque, perdere,

credit and means, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 36; cf.:

res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:

nisi fide staret res publica, opibus non staturam,

Liv. 23, 48, 9 Drak.; freq.: res fidesque, for fame and fortune, property and credit, i. e. entire resources, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 18; id. Truc. 1, 1, 24; 38; id. Most. 1, 2, 64; Sall. J. 73, 6 Cort.—

Beyond the mercant. sphere ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

segetis certa fides meae,

i. e. return, yield, Hor. C. 3, 16, 30:

at tibi... Persolvat nullā semina certa fide,

Tib. 2, 3, 62:

fallax fides unius anni,

Plin. Pan. 32, 4:

quia hanc ejus terrae fidem Menander eludit,

Quint. 12, 10, 25.

Transf., that which produces confidence or belief.

The quality that produces confidence in a person, trustworthiness, faithfulness, conscientiousness, credibility, honesty; in things, credibility, truth, etc.

In gen. (erroneously regarded by Cicero as the primary signif. of the word; wherefore he derived it from fio; v. the foll. passages):

fundamentum justitiae est fides, id est dictorum conventorumque constantia et veritas. Ex quo, audeamus imitari Stoicos, credamusque, quia fiat, quod dictum est, appellatam fidem,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 23 Beier; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 17 (Rep. 4, 7, p. 428 ed. Mos.); id. Fam. 16, 10 fin.:

justitia creditis in rebus fides nominatur,

id. Part. Or. 22, 78:

meo periculo hujus ego experiar fidem,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 99; cf.:

fides fidelitasque amicum erga,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 2:

homo antiqua virtute ac fide,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 88; cf.:

exemplum antiquae probitatis et fidei,

Cic. Rep. 3, 5:

esse summa probitate ac fide,

id. ib. 3, 17:

vir aequissimus, singulari fide,

id. ib. 3, 17:

quorum fides est laudata,

id. ib. 2, 36:

quibus facillime justitia et fides convalescit,

id. ib. 2, 14:

unde justitia, fides, aequitas?

id. ib. 1, 2:

cujus virtuti, fidei, felicitati (Gallia) commendata est,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

aequitas et fides,

id. Rep. 1, 35; cf.:

si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides,

id. ib. 3, 18 fin.:

quanta fide, quanta religione,

id. Font. 6, 13:

hinc fides, illinc fraudatio,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: ille vir haud magna cum re sed plenu' fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ed. Vahl.): ubi societas? ubi fides majorum? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: nulla sancta societas, nec fides regni est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 8, 26 (Trag. v. 412 ed. Vahl.):

mea eraga te fides et benevolentia,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1:

pro vetere ac perpetua erga populum Romanum fide,

Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 4:

in fide atque amicitia civitatis Aeduae,

id. ib. 2, 14, 2:

in fide manere,

id. ib. 7, 4, 5; cf.:

sincera fide in pace Ligures esse,

Liv. 40, 34, 11:

si tibi optima fide sua omnia concessit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144:

praestare fidem,

id. Div. 2, 37, 79; id. Top. 10, 42; id. Att. 16, 7, 2; id. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

te oro per tuam fidem, ne, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 55: Eu. Dic bona fide: tu id aurum non surripuisti? Ly. Bona. Eu. Neque scis, quis abstulerit? Ly. Istuc quoque bona, Plaut. Mil. 4, 10, 42:

de pace cum fide agere,

Liv. 32, 33, 10:

jussas cum fide poenas luam,

Hor. Epod. 17, 37:

haecne marita fides?

Prop. 4 (5), 3, 11:

Aeacidae dederat pacis pignusque fidemque,

faithful bail, Ov. M. 12, 365:

perjura patris fides,

perjured faith, dishonesty, Hor. C. 3, 24, 59 et saep.—Prov.:

fides ut anima, unde abiit, eo numquam redit,

Pub. Syr. 181 (Rib.):

fidem qui perdit, quo se servet relicuo,

id. 166.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

nam cum Gabinii levitas... omnem tabularum fidem resignasset, etc.,

trustworthiness, credibility, Cic. Arch. 5, 9; cf.:

nunc vero quam habere auctoritatem et quam fidem possunt (litterae)?

id. Fl. 9, 21; and:

visa, quae fidem nullam habebunt,

id. Ac. 2, 18, 58 fin.; and:

qui non speciem expositionis sed fidem quaerit,

truth, Quint. 10, 1, 32:

aliter oraculorum, aliter haruspicum fides confirmari aut refelli potest,

id. 5, 7, 36:

probationum,

id. 4 praef. §

6: liber spectatae fidei,

Gell. 1, 7, 1:

paulum distare ab eo (lapide) in unguentorum fide multi existimant Lygdinos, etc.,

in faithful preservation, keeping in good condition, Plin. 36, 8, 13, § 62.—

In poets several times, faithful, true fulfilment of a promise:

dicta fides sequitur,

Ov. M. 3, 527 (cf.:

res dicta secuta est,

id. ib. 4, 550):

vota fides sequitur,

id. ib. 8, 713:

promissa exhibuere fidem,

were fulfilled, id. ib. 7, 323; cf.:

en haec promissa fides est?

is this the fulfilment of the oracle? Verg. A. 6, 346.—

In partic., in jurid. lang., bona fides, good faith, sincerity; hence, EX FIDE BONA or BONA FIDE, in good faith, sincerely, honestly, conscientiously:

arbitrum illum adegit, QVICQVID SIBI DARE FACERE OPORTERET EX FIDE BONA,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.: quanti verba illa: VTI NE PROPTER TE FIDEMVE TVAM CAPTVS FRAVDATVSVE SIEM, etc.... Q. quidem Scaevola, pontifex maximus, summam vim esse dicebat in omnibus iis arbitriis, in quibus adderetur EX FIDE BONA;

fideique bonae, nomen existimabat manare latissime, idque versari in tutelis societatibus, fiduciis mandatis, rebus emptis venditis, conductis locatis, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 17, 70; id. Att. 6, 1, 15: praetor ait: QVI [p. 747] BONA FIDE EMIT, etc., Dig. 6, 2, 7, § 11 sq.; cf.:

bonae fidei emptori subrepta re quam emerit,

Just. Inst. 4, 1, 15:

ubi lex inhibet usucapionem, bona fides possidenti nihil prodest,

Dig. 41, 3, 24:

tot judicia de fide mala, quae ex empto aut vendito aut conducto aut locato contra fidem fiunt, etc.,

i. e. deception, dishonesty, Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74:

bonā fide = certissime,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 30; id. Aul. 4, 10, 42; id. Capt. 4, 2, 110; cf.:

mala fide,

Dig. 41, 2, 1, § 6.—

An assurance that produces confidence, a promise, engagement, word, assurance, confirmation.

In gen.:

fide data, credamus,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 61: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.):

atque etiam, si quid singuli temporibus adducti hosti promiserunt, est in eo ipso fides conservanda: ut primo Punico bello Regulus... ad supplicium redire maluit, quam fidem hosti datam fallere,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

fidem dare, violare, in fide non stare,

id. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

Pompei fides, quam de me Caesari dederat,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 12:

inter se fidem et jusjurandum dare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3 fin.:

obligare fidem alicui,

to plight one's faith, Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51; cf.:

fidem reliquis interponere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 6 fin.:

fide mea spondeo, futurum ut, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10:

diffidens, de numero dierum Caesarem fidem servaturum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 36, 1:

si fidem mecum servas,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 48:

tecum servavi fidem,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 10; id. Merc. 3, 1, 33:

fides juris jurandi cum hoste servanda,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

fidem erga imperatorem conservare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 84, 3:

fidem erga populum Romanum servare,

Liv. 24, 4, 5:

servata erga Galbam,

Tac. H. 1, 71:

in regem suum servata,

Curt. 6, 5, 2:

ut fidem vobis praestaremus,

Liv. 28, 39, 2; so,

fidem alicui praestare,

Curt. 6, 4, 9; Liv. 30, 15, 5; Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:

non servata fides deditis est,

Liv. 24, 1, 10; cf. Cic. de Sen. 20, 75; Sen. Ep. 71, 17:

fidem suam liberare,

to perform his promise, Cic. Fl. 20, 47; cf.:

fidem alicujus liberare,

id. Fam. 12, 7, 2: so,

fidem exsolvere,

Liv. 3, 19, 1; 22, 23, 8; 24, 16, 12; Plin. Ep. 2, 12, 6; Luc. 9, 98 al.:

fidem frangere,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 16;

for which violare, v. above,

id. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

fidem amittere,

Nep. Eum. 10:

istius fide ac potius perfidiā decepti,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110: quantum mea fides studii mihi afferat, my plighted word (to defend the king), id. Deiot. 1, 1:

contioni deinde edicto addidit fidem,

confirmed, Liv. 2, 24, 6.—

Pregn., a given promise of protection or security, a guaranty; hence, in gen., protection, guardian care:

introduxi Vulturcium sine Gallis: fidem ei publicam jussu senatus dedi,

promised him protection, security, in the name of the public, Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 8; cf.: Vulturcius interrogatus... primo fingere alia;

post, ubi fide publica dicere jussus est, omnia uti gesta erant aperit,

Sall. C. 47, 1:

cum se diceret indicaturum de conjuratione, si fides publica data esset,

id. ib. 48, 4:

uti L. Cassius ad Jugurtham mitteretur, eumque interposita fide publica Romam duceret,

id. J. 32, 1; cf.:

privatim praeterea fidem suam interponit, quam ille non minoris quam publicam ducebat,

id. ib. fin.:

qui Romam fide publica venerat,

id. ib. 35, 7; so,

too, simply fides: Lusitani contra interpositam fidem interfecti,

Cic. Brut. 23, 89:

fide accepta ab legatis, vim abfuturam,

Liv. 38, 33, 3:

Thais patri se commendavit in clientelam et fidem,

Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 9; cf.:

se in Chrysogoni fidem et clientelam contulerunt,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 106:

quaere in cujus fide sint et clientela,

id. ib. 33, 93:

aliquid in fidem alicujus tradere,

Liv. 38, 31, 2:

frugi hominem, plenum religionis videtis positum in vestra fide ac potestate: atque ita, ut commissus sit fidei, permissus potestati,

Cic. Font. 14, 30; cf.:

se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2:

in alicujus fidem ac potestatem venire,

id. ib. 2, 13, 2:

in fide alicujus esse,

Cic. Planc. 41, 97; cf. id. Fam. 13, 65, 2:

ea (jura) fidei suae commissa,

id. Off. 1, 34, 124:

civitas in Catonis fide locata,

id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

recipere aliquid in fidem,

id. ib. 15, 14, 3; cf.:

aliquem in fidem necessitudinemque suam recipere,

id. Fam. 13, 19, 2:

recipere aliquem in fidem,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15, 1; 4, 22, 3:

hortatur, ut populi Romani fidem sequantur,

id. ib. 4, 21, 8: jura fidemque supplicis erubuit (Achilles), the protection due to a suppliant, Verg. A. 2, 541:

di, obsecro vostram fidem!

your protection, assistance, help, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 11; id. Am. 5, 1, 78; id. Most. 1, 1, 74; 2, 2, 97; cf.:

fidem vestram oro atque obsecro, judices,

Cic. Mur. 40, 86:

deum atque hominum fidem implorabis,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 25;

so in colloq. lang. frequently elliptic. as an exclamation: Di vostram fidem!

by the protection of the gods! for heaven's sake! Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 58, id. Men. 5, 2, 119; id. Poen. 4, 78 al.; Ter. And. 4, 3, 1; 4, 4, 5; id. Eun. 3, 1, 28 al.; cf.:

tuam fidem, Venus!

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 40:

pro deum atque hominum fidem!

id. ib. 5, 3, 16; id. Ep. 4, 2, 10; Ter. And. 1. 5, 2; 1, 5, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9 al.; Sall. C. 20, 10 al.;

for which: pro deorum atque hominum fidem!

Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;

and in a different order: pro deorum fidem atque hominum,

id. Lael. 15, 52;

also simply pro deum fidem,

Liv. 3, 67, 7 Drak. N. cr.; and:

per fidem!

Petr. 100, 5; Tac. Or. 35; App. M. 6, p. 175.—

The faith, the Christian religion as a system of belief (eccl. Lat.):

domicilium fidei,

Lact. 4, 30 fin.; Vulg. Apoc. 14, 12 al.

Fides, personified as a goddess:

praeclare Ennius: O Fides alma, apta pinnis, et jus jurandum Jovis! Qui jus igitur jurandum violat, is Fidem violat,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104 (Enn. Trag. v. 410 ed. Vahl.); cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 74 Müll.; Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47; 2, 23, 61; 31, 79; id. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 11, 28; Plaut. Cas. prol. 2; id. Aul. 3, 6, 46; 50; 4, 2, 14; Verg. A. 1, 292; Hor. C. 1, 35, 21; 4, 5, 20; id. C. S. 57.

fĭdes, ium, plur., or fides, is, sing., f. [= sphidê], a stringed instrument, lyre, lute, cithern.

Lit.

In gen.

In plur. (only so in classic prose): Fides genus citharae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 89, 16 Müll.:

(hominis) omnis vultus omnesque voces, ut nervi in fidibus, ita sonant, ut a motu animi quoque sunt pulsae,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216;

so different from nervi,

id. Div. 2, 14, 33; id. Leg. 2, 15, 39; id. Brut. 54, 199; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75 (v. Madv. ad h. l., p. 601 sq.):

ut in fidibus aut tibiis, atque in cantu ipso ac vocibus concentus est quidam tenendus ex distinctis sonis, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 42; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75; cf. id. de Or. 3, 51, 197: Fi. Fides non reddis? Pe. Neque fides neque tibias, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 77;

with tibiae,

Quint. 1, 10, 14; 20; 11, 3, 59:

Orpheus, Threïciā fretus citharā fidibusque canoris,

Verg. A. 6, 120:

fidibus cantare alicui,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 64:

fidibus canere praeclare,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Div. 2, 59, 122:

uti,

id. Tusc. 5, 39, 113:

dicere longum melos,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 4:

placare deos,

id. ib. 1, 36, 1:

discere,

Cic. de Sen. 8, 26:

docere aliquem,

id. Fam. 9, 22, 3:

scire,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 53:

vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 12:

fidibusne Latinis Thebanos aptare modos studet,

i. e. to imitate Pindaric odes in Latin poetry, id. Ep. 1, 3, 12.—

Sing. ( poet.):

sume fidem et pharetram: fies manifestus Apollo,

Ov. H. 15, 23; so,

Teïa,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 18:

Cyllenea,

id. Epod. 13, 9:

quodsi blandius Orpheo moderere fidem,

id. C. 1, 24, 14.—

Prov.: vetus adagium est: Nihil cum fidibus graculo, i. e. ignoramuses have nothing to do with poetry, Gell. N. A. praef. § 19.—

Esp., Fides, is, f., a constellation, i. q. Lyra, the Lyre:

cedit clara Fides Cyllenia,

Cic. Arat. 381; Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12;

in the form Fidis,

Col. 11, 2, 14; 40; Sid. Carm. 16, 5.—

Transf., in sing., i. q. nervus, chorda, a string of a musical instrument:

quae tuba quaeve lyra Flatibus incluta vel fidibus,

Prud. Cath. 3, 81.

mille, in the plur. mīlia (or millia;

archaic, MEILIA,

Inscr. Orell. 3308; abl. sing. milli, Lucil. ap. Gell. 1, 16, and ap. Macr. S. 1, 5), num. adj. [Sanscr. root mil-, combine, associate; Gr. homilos; cf. miles], a thousand, thousands.

Lit.

In gen., sometimes in sing. subst, with gen.; in plur, only subst. with gen.: equites mille viā breviore praemissi, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

mille et quingentis passibus abesse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22.—With gen.:

mille drachumarum Olympicūm,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 23:

spondeo et mille auri Philippum dotis,

id. ib. 5, 2, 34; cf.:

mille nummūm,

Cic. Phil. 6, 5, 15; id. ap. Gell. 1, 16, 5:

mille denariūm,

Gell. 1, 16, 9:

mille quingentos aeris in censum adferre,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40: ibi occiditur mille hominum, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 1, 16, 1:

hominum mille versabatur,

Cic. Mil. 20, 53.—So with verb in sing., Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14; Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 4; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 40:

mille equitum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84; Liv. 21, 61:

mille militum,

Nep. Milt. 5, 1: plus mille et centum annorum est, Varr. ap. Gell. 1, 16, 3:

mille annorum,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 87: passuum, Cato ap. Gell. l. l.; Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 5 al.; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 116.—In plur. with gen.:

Thracum mille aut duo milia occidere,

Cic. Phil. 14, 5, 12:

sexcenta milia mundorum,

id. N. D. 1, 34, 96.—Without gen.:

censa sunt civium capita centum quadraginta tria milia septingenta quatuor,

Liv. 35, 9:

sagittarios tria milia numero habebat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 4:

tot milia, gentes Arma ferunt Italae,

Verg. A. 9, 132:

decem milia talenta,

Hier. in Evang. Matt. 18, 24:

quatuor milia, funditores et sagittarii,

Liv. 37, 40, 9; cf. id. 37, 40, 11; 38, 38, 13; 37, 58, 4:

tritici modios CXX milia polliceri,

Caes. B. C. 2, 18, 4; 3, 4, 3:

Graecis peditibus mercede conductis, triginta milibus, praepositus,

Curt. 3, 9, 2; 9, 3, 21; 5, 1, 41; Liv. 34, 52, 7.—Distributively:

in milia aeris asses singulos,

on every thousand, Liv. 29, 15.—

In partic.: mille passus, mille passuum, or simply mille, a thousand paces, i. e. a Roman mile, which is estimated at 1618 English yards, or 142 yards less than the English statute mile: milli passum dixit (sc. Lucilius) pro mille passibus... aperteque ostendit mille et vocabulum esse et singulari numero dici, Gell. 1, 16, 13; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 4:

ultra quadringenta milia,

id. ib. 3, 4.—Prov.: mille passuum mora, a mile's delay, i. e. a long delay, Plaut. Truc. 2, 3, 13; cf.:

mille passuum commoratu's cantharum,

id. Men. 1, 2, 64.—

Transf., like the Gr. muria, a thousand, for innumerable, infinite (mostly poet.):

mille pro uno Kaesones exstitisse,

Liv. 3, 14, 4; 2, 28, 4:

mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701:

tentat mille modis,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 12:

mille pericula saevae urbis,

Juv. 3, 8; 12, 46:

quomodo persequatur unus mille,

Vulg. Deut. 32, 30. — Plur.:

ante milia annorum,

Plin. 14 praef. 1, § 3: milia tumulorum, Prud. cont. Symm. 1, 516:

erat numerus eorum milia milium,

Vulg. Apoc. 5, 11; so,

mille alia, alia mille,

innumerable others, Quint. 2, 15, 23; Sen. Ep. 24, 14.

mille, in the plur. mīlia (or millia;

archaic, MEILIA,

Inscr. Orell. 3308; abl. sing. milli, Lucil. ap. Gell. 1, 16, and ap. Macr. S. 1, 5), num. adj. [Sanscr. root mil-, combine, associate; Gr. homilos; cf. miles], a thousand, thousands.

Lit.

In gen., sometimes in sing. subst, with gen.; in plur, only subst. with gen.: equites mille viā breviore praemissi, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

mille et quingentis passibus abesse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22.—With gen.:

mille drachumarum Olympicūm,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 23:

spondeo et mille auri Philippum dotis,

id. ib. 5, 2, 34; cf.:

mille nummūm,

Cic. Phil. 6, 5, 15; id. ap. Gell. 1, 16, 5:

mille denariūm,

Gell. 1, 16, 9:

mille quingentos aeris in censum adferre,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40: ibi occiditur mille hominum, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 1, 16, 1:

hominum mille versabatur,

Cic. Mil. 20, 53.—So with verb in sing., Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14; Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 4; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 40:

mille equitum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84; Liv. 21, 61:

mille militum,

Nep. Milt. 5, 1: plus mille et centum annorum est, Varr. ap. Gell. 1, 16, 3:

mille annorum,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 87: passuum, Cato ap. Gell. l. l.; Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 5 al.; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 116.—In plur. with gen.:

Thracum mille aut duo milia occidere,

Cic. Phil. 14, 5, 12:

sexcenta milia mundorum,

id. N. D. 1, 34, 96.—Without gen.:

censa sunt civium capita centum quadraginta tria milia septingenta quatuor,

Liv. 35, 9:

sagittarios tria milia numero habebat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 4:

tot milia, gentes Arma ferunt Italae,

Verg. A. 9, 132:

decem milia talenta,

Hier. in Evang. Matt. 18, 24:

quatuor milia, funditores et sagittarii,

Liv. 37, 40, 9; cf. id. 37, 40, 11; 38, 38, 13; 37, 58, 4:

tritici modios CXX milia polliceri,

Caes. B. C. 2, 18, 4; 3, 4, 3:

Graecis peditibus mercede conductis, triginta milibus, praepositus,

Curt. 3, 9, 2; 9, 3, 21; 5, 1, 41; Liv. 34, 52, 7.—Distributively:

in milia aeris asses singulos,

on every thousand, Liv. 29, 15.—

In partic.: mille passus, mille passuum, or simply mille, a thousand paces, i. e. a Roman mile, which is estimated at 1618 English yards, or 142 yards less than the English statute mile: milli passum dixit (sc. Lucilius) pro mille passibus... aperteque ostendit mille et vocabulum esse et singulari numero dici, Gell. 1, 16, 13; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 4:

ultra quadringenta milia,

id. ib. 3, 4.—Prov.: mille passuum mora, a mile's delay, i. e. a long delay, Plaut. Truc. 2, 3, 13; cf.:

mille passuum commoratu's cantharum,

id. Men. 1, 2, 64.—

Transf., like the Gr. muria, a thousand, for innumerable, infinite (mostly poet.):

mille pro uno Kaesones exstitisse,

Liv. 3, 14, 4; 2, 28, 4:

mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701:

tentat mille modis,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 12:

mille pericula saevae urbis,

Juv. 3, 8; 12, 46:

quomodo persequatur unus mille,

Vulg. Deut. 32, 30. — Plur.:

ante milia annorum,

Plin. 14 praef. 1, § 3: milia tumulorum, Prud. cont. Symm. 1, 516:

erat numerus eorum milia milium,

Vulg. Apoc. 5, 11; so,

mille alia, alia mille,

innumerable others, Quint. 2, 15, 23; Sen. Ep. 24, 14.

mille, in the plur. mīlia (or millia;

archaic, MEILIA,

Inscr. Orell. 3308; abl. sing. milli, Lucil. ap. Gell. 1, 16, and ap. Macr. S. 1, 5), num. adj. [Sanscr. root mil-, combine, associate; Gr. homilos; cf. miles], a thousand, thousands.

Lit.

In gen., sometimes in sing. subst, with gen.; in plur, only subst. with gen.: equites mille viā breviore praemissi, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

mille et quingentis passibus abesse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22.—With gen.:

mille drachumarum Olympicūm,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 23:

spondeo et mille auri Philippum dotis,

id. ib. 5, 2, 34; cf.:

mille nummūm,

Cic. Phil. 6, 5, 15; id. ap. Gell. 1, 16, 5:

mille denariūm,

Gell. 1, 16, 9:

mille quingentos aeris in censum adferre,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40: ibi occiditur mille hominum, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 1, 16, 1:

hominum mille versabatur,

Cic. Mil. 20, 53.—So with verb in sing., Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14; Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 4; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 40:

mille equitum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84; Liv. 21, 61:

mille militum,

Nep. Milt. 5, 1: plus mille et centum annorum est, Varr. ap. Gell. 1, 16, 3:

mille annorum,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 87: passuum, Cato ap. Gell. l. l.; Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 5 al.; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 116.—In plur. with gen.:

Thracum mille aut duo milia occidere,

Cic. Phil. 14, 5, 12:

sexcenta milia mundorum,

id. N. D. 1, 34, 96.—Without gen.:

censa sunt civium capita centum quadraginta tria milia septingenta quatuor,

Liv. 35, 9:

sagittarios tria milia numero habebat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 4:

tot milia, gentes Arma ferunt Italae,

Verg. A. 9, 132:

decem milia talenta,

Hier. in Evang. Matt. 18, 24:

quatuor milia, funditores et sagittarii,

Liv. 37, 40, 9; cf. id. 37, 40, 11; 38, 38, 13; 37, 58, 4:

tritici modios CXX milia polliceri,

Caes. B. C. 2, 18, 4; 3, 4, 3:

Graecis peditibus mercede conductis, triginta milibus, praepositus,

Curt. 3, 9, 2; 9, 3, 21; 5, 1, 41; Liv. 34, 52, 7.—Distributively:

in milia aeris asses singulos,

on every thousand, Liv. 29, 15.—

In partic.: mille passus, mille passuum, or simply mille, a thousand paces, i. e. a Roman mile, which is estimated at 1618 English yards, or 142 yards less than the English statute mile: milli passum dixit (sc. Lucilius) pro mille passibus... aperteque ostendit mille et vocabulum esse et singulari numero dici, Gell. 1, 16, 13; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 4:

ultra quadringenta milia,

id. ib. 3, 4.—Prov.: mille passuum mora, a mile's delay, i. e. a long delay, Plaut. Truc. 2, 3, 13; cf.:

mille passuum commoratu's cantharum,

id. Men. 1, 2, 64.—

Transf., like the Gr. muria, a thousand, for innumerable, infinite (mostly poet.):

mille pro uno Kaesones exstitisse,

Liv. 3, 14, 4; 2, 28, 4:

mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701:

tentat mille modis,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 12:

mille pericula saevae urbis,

Juv. 3, 8; 12, 46:

quomodo persequatur unus mille,

Vulg. Deut. 32, 30. — Plur.:

ante milia annorum,

Plin. 14 praef. 1, § 3: milia tumulorum, Prud. cont. Symm. 1, 516:

erat numerus eorum milia milium,

Vulg. Apoc. 5, 11; so,

mille alia, alia mille,

innumerable others, Quint. 2, 15, 23; Sen. Ep. 24, 14.

păciscor, pactus, 3, v. dep. n. and a. ( act. collat. form, v. supra) [1. paco], to make a bargain, contract, or agreement with any one; to covenant, agree, stipulate, bargain, contract respecting any thing (cf.: transigo, stipulor, pango).

Lit.

In gen.

Neutr.:

pacisci cum illo paululā pecuniā potes,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 24; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 36; Ov. M. 4, 702:

paciscitur magnā mercede cum Celtiberorum principibus, ut, etc.,

Liv. 25, 33; cf.:

pacti sunt inter se, ut die statutā,

Just. 1, 10, 4; 16, 4, 7; 38, 3, 5; cf. esp. id. 3, 6, 10:

votis pacisci, Ne Cypriae Tyriaeque merces Addant avaro divitias mari (= votis transigere cum dis),

Hor. C. 3, 29, 59:

de mercedibus,

Suet. Gram. 7.—

Act.:

quae pacisci modo scis, set quod pacta's, non scis solvere,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 89:

argentum,

id. ib. arg. 1, 9:

quam (provinciam) sibi pactus erat,

Cic. Sest. 25, 55:

rem,

Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

pecuniam cum aliquo, Auct. B. Alex. 55: omnibus proscriptis, reditum salutemque pactus est,

Vell. 2, 77, 2:

ab aliquo vitam,

Sall. J. 26, 1; so,

pactus in singulos (homines) minas decem a tyranno,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 99:

cum Xerxe nuptias filiae,

Just. 2, 15, 14.—With object-clause:

Leucippo fieri pactus uterque gener,

Ov. F. 5, 702:

dimitti (eum) pactus, si, etc.,

Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 18.—In part. fut. pass.:

ut firma fierent paciscenda,

Amm. 31, 12, 13.—

In partic., of a marriage-contract, to betroth a woman (syn.:

despondeo, spondeo): ex quā pactus esset vir domo, in matrimonium duceret,

Liv. 4, 4, 10:

Etutam pacto fratri eum invidisse,

id. 44, 30, 4.—

Trop., to barter, hazard, stake ( poet.):

vitam pro laude,

Verg. A. 5, 230:

letum pro laude,

id. ib. 12, 49:

aevum pro luce,

Stat. Th. 1, 317.

pollĭcĕor, ĭtus ( act. form polliceres, Varr. Sat. Menip. 8, 5), 2, v. dep. a. and n. [from an old prep. por or port (= Gr. porti, proti, or pros; cf. pro) and liceor].

To hold forth, offer, promise any thing (freq. and class.;

syn.: promitto, spondeo): neque minus prolixe de tuā voluntate promisi, quam eram solitus de meā polliceri,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 1; id. Planc. 42, 101; cf.:

alicui studium,

id. Fam. 5, 8, 4; cf.:

mirandum in modum profitentur, offerunt se, pollicentur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5:

id omne tibi polliceor ac defero,

id. Imp. Pomp. 24, 67:

pro certo polliceor hoc vobis atque confirmo me esse perfecturum, ut, etc.,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 100:

non modo ut ponatur, verum etiam ut inviolata maneat pollicetur,

Just. 9, 2, 12.—With subj. alone, Hirt. B. G. 8, 52, 4: alicui divitias, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. v. 359 Vahl.):

hospitium et cenam,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 8:

plus pollicere quam ego a te postulo,

id. Truc. 2, 4, 23.—With inf. pres.:

modo Qui sum pollicitus ducere,

Ter. And. 3, 5, 7;

jusjurandum pollicitus est dare,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 36:

pollicentur obsides dare,

Caes. B. C. 4, 21, 5; 6, 9, 7:

benigne,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 3:

liberalissime,

id. Att. 5, 13, 2.—Prov.: montes auri, to promise mountains of gold, i. e. boundless wealth, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 18;

for which also: maria montesque,

Sall. C. 23, 3.—

Esp.

Of an orator, in opening his speech, to promise, announce:

quaeso ut, quid pollicitus sim, diligenter memoriae mandetis,

Cic. Quint. 10, 36:

docui, quod primum pollicitus sum, causam omnino, cur postularet, non fuisse, etc.,

id. ib. 19, 60.—

Of purchasers, to bid, offer:

at illic pollicitus est prior,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 102.—

Of auspices, to forebode, promise:

id assuetae sanguine et praedā aves pollicebantur,

Flor. 1, 1, 7.

► Act. collat. form pollĭcĕo, ēre, to promise (ante-class.): ne dares, ne polliceres, Varr. ap. Non. 471, 13.—

polliceor, in a pass. signif.: ut aliis ob metum statuae polliceantur, Metell. Numid. ap. Prisc. p. 972 P.; Dig. 14, 1, 1:

pollicita fides,

Ov. F. 3, 366; Lact. Pasch. 60:

pollicitus torus,

Ov. H. 21, 140.—Hence, subst.: pollĭcĭ-tum, i, n., something promised, a promise, Ov. A. A. 1, 632:

memores polliciti nostri,

Col. 11, 3, 1.—In plur.:

hanc tu pollicitis corrumpe,

Ov. A. A. 1, 355:

pollicitis captus,

id. Am. 3, 7, 70; 2, 16, 48.

pollĭcĕor, ĭtus ( act. form polliceres, Varr. Sat. Menip. 8, 5), 2, v. dep. a. and n. [from an old prep. por or port (= Gr. porti, proti, or pros; cf. pro) and liceor].

To hold forth, offer, promise any thing (freq. and class.;

syn.: promitto, spondeo): neque minus prolixe de tuā voluntate promisi, quam eram solitus de meā polliceri,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 1; id. Planc. 42, 101; cf.:

alicui studium,

id. Fam. 5, 8, 4; cf.:

mirandum in modum profitentur, offerunt se, pollicentur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5:

id omne tibi polliceor ac defero,

id. Imp. Pomp. 24, 67:

pro certo polliceor hoc vobis atque confirmo me esse perfecturum, ut, etc.,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 100:

non modo ut ponatur, verum etiam ut inviolata maneat pollicetur,

Just. 9, 2, 12.—With subj. alone, Hirt. B. G. 8, 52, 4: alicui divitias, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. v. 359 Vahl.):

hospitium et cenam,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 8:

plus pollicere quam ego a te postulo,

id. Truc. 2, 4, 23.—With inf. pres.:

modo Qui sum pollicitus ducere,

Ter. And. 3, 5, 7;

jusjurandum pollicitus est dare,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 36:

pollicentur obsides dare,

Caes. B. C. 4, 21, 5; 6, 9, 7:

benigne,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 3:

liberalissime,

id. Att. 5, 13, 2.—Prov.: montes auri, to promise mountains of gold, i. e. boundless wealth, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 18;

for which also: maria montesque,

Sall. C. 23, 3.—

Esp.

Of an orator, in opening his speech, to promise, announce:

quaeso ut, quid pollicitus sim, diligenter memoriae mandetis,

Cic. Quint. 10, 36:

docui, quod primum pollicitus sum, causam omnino, cur postularet, non fuisse, etc.,

id. ib. 19, 60.—

Of purchasers, to bid, offer:

at illic pollicitus est prior,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 102.—

Of auspices, to forebode, promise:

id assuetae sanguine et praedā aves pollicebantur,

Flor. 1, 1, 7.

► Act. collat. form pollĭcĕo, ēre, to promise (ante-class.): ne dares, ne polliceres, Varr. ap. Non. 471, 13.—

polliceor, in a pass. signif.: ut aliis ob metum statuae polliceantur, Metell. Numid. ap. Prisc. p. 972 P.; Dig. 14, 1, 1:

pollicita fides,

Ov. F. 3, 366; Lact. Pasch. 60:

pollicitus torus,

Ov. H. 21, 140.—Hence, subst.: pollĭcĭ-tum, i, n., something promised, a promise, Ov. A. A. 1, 632:

memores polliciti nostri,

Col. 11, 3, 1.—In plur.:

hanc tu pollicitis corrumpe,

Ov. A. A. 1, 355:

pollicitis captus,

id. Am. 3, 7, 70; 2, 16, 48.

spes, spēi ( gen. spe, Liv. 1, 40, 7 dub.; Weissenb. spei; plur. nom. and acc. speres, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll., or Ann. v. 410 and 132 Vahl.; gen. sperum, Eum. Paneg. Const. 15; abl. speribus, Varr. ap. Non. 171, 27 and 30:

spebus,

Sid. Apollin. Ep. 3, 6; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 3, 10; Paul. Nol. Carm. 18, 243; Hilar. in Psa. 119; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 570), f. [perh. root spa-, to draw out; Gr. spaô; cf.: prosper, spondeo; v. spatium].

Lit.

In gen., the expectation of something desired, hope (the predom. signif. of the word; syn. exspectatio).

Absol.:

si spes est exspectatio boni, mali exspectationem esse necesse est metum,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 80:

bona spes cum omnium rerum desperatione confligit,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: ut aegroto, dum anima est, spes esse dicitur;

sic, etc.,

id. Att. 9, 10, 3: nolite nimiam spem habere, Cat. ap. Gell. 13, 17, 1:

spem habere in fide alicujus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 71; cf.:

nostros tantum spei habere ad vivendum, quantum accepissent ab Antonio,

id. Att. 15, 20, 2:

miserum est nec habere ne spei quidem extremum,

id. N. D. 3, 6, 14:

in quīs plurimum habebat spei,

Curt. 3, 3, 1:

spem sibi aliquam proponere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41:

spem reliquorum in vestrā potestate positam esse,

id. Fl. 1, 3:

spem ponere in armis,

Verg. A. 2, 676:

spem deponere,

abandon, Hor. S. 2, 5, 26;

but: spem salvis in alicujus morte deponere,

to place, Curt. 10, 9, 7:

spem alicujus alere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; cf.:

auxerat meam spem, quod, etc.,

id. Phil. 12, 1, 2:

aliquem in spem adducere,

id. Att. 3, 19, 2:

quae (salus nostra) spe exiguā extremāque pendet,

id. Fl. 2, 4:

ut eos homines spes falleret,

id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 4:

quantā de spe decidi,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 9:

hac spe lapsus Indutiomarus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 55:

nostris militibus spem minuit,

id. ib. 5, 33:

Helvetii eā spe dejecti,

id. ib. 1, 8:

ab hac spe repulsi Nervii,

id. ib. 5, 42; cf.:

de spe conatuque depulsus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 14:

pro re certā spem falsam domum retulerunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

non solum spe, sed certā re jam et possessione deturbatus est,

id. Fam. 12, 25, 2:

spei nostrae finem inponere,

Liv. 5, 4, 10:

morando spem destituere,

id. 1, 51, 5:

dolor tantae ad inritum cadentis spei,

id. 2, 6, 1:

spes ad inritum redacta,

id. 28, 31, 1:

Philippus, magnā spe depulsus,

id. 31, 25, 11:

Tyrii ab ingenti spe destituti erant,

Curt. 4, 3, 20:

tantā spe destituti,

id. 8, 6, 20: spem pro re [p. 1741] ferentes, Liv. 36, 40, 7:

hominem sine re, sine fide, sine spe, etc.,

Cic. Cael. 32, 78:

sunt omnia, sicut adulescentis, non tam re et maturitate quam spe et exspectatione laudata,

id. Or. 30, 107:

ego jam aut rem aut ne spem quidem exspecto,

id. Att. 3, 22, 4:

nemo umquam animo aut spe majora suscipiet, qui, etc.,

id. Lael. 27, 102:

multa praeter spem scio multis bona evenisse,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 69; so,

praeter spem evenit!

Ter. And. 2, 6, 5; 4, 1, 55; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 51:

repente praeter spem dixit, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 3:

cetera contra spem salva invenit,

Liv. 9, 23, 17:

omnia bona in spe habere,

Sall. C. 31, 7.— Plur.:

ubi sunt spes meae?

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 28:

si mihi mulierculae essent salvae, spes aliquae forent,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 69; id. Capt. 2, 3, 85:

in quo nostrae spes omnesque opes sitae Erant,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 33; id. Phorm. 3, 1, 6; cf.:

omnes Catilinae spes atque opes concidisse,

Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16;

so often: spes opesque,

Sall. J. 107, 4:

(cadus) Spes donare novas largus,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 19 al. —

With gen. obj.:

spem istoc pacto nuptiarum omnem eripis,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 35:

spe mercedis adducti,

Cic. Lael. 9, 31:

spes dignitatis suae,

id. de Or. 1, 7, 25:

spes diuturnitatis atque imperii,

id. Rep. 2, 3, 5:

nec in praemiis humanis spem posueris rerum tuarum,

id. ib. 6, 23, 25; cf. id. de Or. 1, 7, 25:

quoniam me tui spem das,

id. Rep. 1, 10, 15:

ni mihi esset spes ostensa Hujusce habendae,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 7:

spes amplificandae fortunae fractior,

Cic. Lael. 16, 59:

ut reo audaci spem judicii corrumpendi praeciderem,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 20:

Antiochus a spe societatis Prusiae decidit,

Liv. 37, 26, 1:

hoc conloquium abstulit spem Hannibali recipiendae Nolae,

id. 33, 44, 3:

exulanti Amyandro spes recuperandi regni facta est,

id. 38, 1, 3; Tac. Or. 14 fin.:

spe templi capiendi,

Liv. 31, 25, 2:

spem suae mortis conceperat,

Ov. M. 6, 554. —

With obj.-clause:

spes est, eum melius facturum,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 22; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11; Auct. Her. 2, 17, 25:

magna me spes tenet, explicare, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 3, 7:

in spem maximam adducti, hunc ipsum annum salutarem civitati fore,

id. Mil. 28, 78:

ne spes quidem ulla ostenditur, fore melius,

id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

magnam in spem veniebat, fore, uti, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42:

magnam se habere spem, Ariovistum finem injuriis facturum,

id. ib. 1, 33:

injecta est spes patri, Posse illam extrudi,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 11:

si qui vestrum spe ducitur, se posse, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

in spem venio, appropinquare tuum adventum,

id. Fam. 9, 1, 1:

magna me spes tenet, bene mihi evenire, quod mittar ad mortem,

id. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

ad Aetolos legatum misit, magis ut nudaret animos, quam spe impetrari posse,

Liv. 34, 24, 7:

a spe scalis capi urbem posse,

id. 6, 9, 9:

spe castra eo die se oppugnaturos,

id. 40, 31, 6.—

With ut:

quae te ratio in istam spem induxit, ut eos tibi fidelis putaris fore?

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 53:

si spem afferunt, ut... fructus appareat,

id. Lael. 19, 68:

spes mihi certa fuit ut, etc.,

Aus. Idyll. 2, 46:

irritā spe agitari, ut, etc.,

Tac. A. 16, 26.—

With de:

spes est de argento,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 40; Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

de flumine transeundo spem se fefellisse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10:

quam spem tunc ille de me concepit,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 3:

nato filio pater spem de illo quam optimam capiat,

Quint. 1, 1, 1.—

With ad and gerund.:

postea vero quam vidi nostros tantum spei habere ad vivendum,

Cic. Att. 15, 20, 2:

spem habere ad ejus salutem exstinguendam,

id. Mil. 2, 5:

Gallis ad temptanda ea defuit spes,

Liv. 21, 25, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

cum spei ad resistendum nihil esset,

id. 43, 18, 10; 43, 19, 9.—

In partic.

The hope of being appointed heir (rare):

leniter in spem Arrepe officiosus, ut et scribare secundus Heres,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 47:

in spem secundam nepotes pronepotesque (assumebantur),

Tac. A. 1, 8. —

Spes, a Roman divinity who had several temples in Rome, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 52; id. Ps. 2, 4, 19; id. Cist. 4, 1, 18; Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; id. N. D. 2, 23, 61; 3, 18, 47; Liv. 2, 51, 2; 25, 7, 6; 40, 51, 6; Tac. A. 2, 49; Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14; Tib. 1, 1, 9 (19); Ov. A. A. 1, 445; Aus. Idyll. 12, 9; cf. Hartung, Relig. d. Röm. 2, p. 264.—

Transf, concr., like the Engl. hope, of that in which hope is placed, or which is hoped for ( poet. and in postAug. prose).

In gen.:

puppes, Spes vestri reditus,

Ov. M. 13, 94; cf.: vestras spes uritis, Verg. A. 5, 672:

spes o fidissima Teucrum (of Aeneas),

id. ib. 2, 281:

spem suam (i. e. exta) circumvolat alis (milvus),

Ov. M. 2, 719; cf.:

spe (i. e. re speratā) potitur,

id. ib. 11, 527.—

In partic., of hopeful children, and, by analogy, of the young of animals, or of the fruits of the earth:

devovit nati spemque caputque parens,

Ov. H. 3, 94 Ruhnk.; cf. also in plur., of one child:

per spes surgentis Iuli,

Verg. A. 6, 364; 10, 524; 4, 274; cf.:

tuosne ego, o meae spes inanes, labentis oculis vidi,

Quint. 6, prooem. §

12: (capella) gemellos, Spem gregis, silice in nudā connixa reliquit,

Verg. E. 1, 15; cf. id. G. 4, 162:

(sus) quia semina pando Eruerit rostro spemque interceperit anni,

Ov. M. 15, 113.—

In gen., as a term of endearment, hope:

spes mea,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 27:

o spes mea, o mea vita, o mea voluptas, salve,

id. Stich. 4, 2, 5:

o salutis meae spes,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 17:

et mea carissima filiola, et spes reliqua nostra, Cicero,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6.—

An anticipation or apprehension of something not desired, elpis (very rare):

si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit,

Cic. Cat. 4, 11, 23:

mala res, spes multo asperior,

Sall. C. 20, 13:

Metellus contra spem suam laetissimis animis excipitur,

id. J. 88, 1:

id (bellum) quidem spe omnium serius fuit,

Liv. 2, 3, 1:

omnium spe celerius,

id. 21, 6, 5:

in malā jam spe,

id. 22, 48:

in spe Hannibali fuit defectio Tarentinorum,

id. 25, 7:

dum spes nulla necis,

Stat. Th. 9, 129; cf.:

naufragii spes omnis abit,

Luc. 5, 455.

sponsĭo, ōnis, f. [spondeo], jurid. and publicists' t. t., a solemn promise or engagement to some performance (in bargains, covenants, treaties, etc.); a promise, guarantee, security, sponsion for any one (freq. and class.; cf.: pactio, foedus).

In gen.:

sponsio appellatur omnis stipulatio promissioque,

Dig. 50, 16, 7:

voti sponsio, quā obligamur deo,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 41:

Scandilium cogis sponsionem acceptam facere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139:

per inducias sponsionem faciunt, uti, etc.,

made an agreement, Sall. J. 79, 4:

non foedere pax Caudina sed per sponsionem facta est,

by giving surety, Liv. 9, 5, 2:

sponsione se obstringere,

id. 9, 8, 4:

sponsionem interponere,

id. 9, 9, 4; and:

tunc sponsio et pax repudietur... nec populus Romanus consulum sponsionem nec nos fidem populi Romani accusemus,

id. 9, 11, 5:

Ocriculani sponsione in amicitiam accepti,

id. 9, 41, 20; 39, 43, 5 (but Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 26, is spurious; v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

In partic., in civil suits, a mutual agreement or stipulation of the parties, that he who loses should pay a certain sum to him who gains the cause, a sort of wager at law: per sponsionem hoc modo agimus;

provocamus adversarium tali sponsione: si homo quo de agitur ex jure Quiritium meus est, sestertios XXV. nummos dare spondes?

Gai. Inst. 4, 93:

condicio Quintio fertur, ut, si id factum negaret ceteraque, quae objecisset, sponsione defenderet sese,

Liv. 39, 43, 5:

in probrum suum sponsionem factam,

id. 40, 46, 14; hence, sponsio (sponsionem facere) si non (ni), a wager that, to agree to make a payment if not:

ut sponsionem facere possent, ni adversus edictum praetoris vis facta esset,

Cic. Caecin. 16, 45:

sponsio est, ni te Apronius socium in decumis esse dicat,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 59, § 135:

sponsionem milium nummūm facere cum lictore suo, ni furtis quaestum faceret,

id. ib. 2, 5, 54, § 131; cf.:

jubet Quinctium sponsionem cum Sex. Naevio facere, si bona sua ex edicto dies XXX. possessa non essent,

id. Quint. 8, 30; id. Fam. 7, 21 init.; id. Pis. 23, 55:

sponsione optime facere posse,

id. Caecin. 16, 45; id. Off. 3, 19, 77:

Apronium sponsione lacessivit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132:

sponsione vincere,

id. Quint. 27, 84.—Post-class., with quod:

de sponsione quam is cum adversario, quod vir bonus esset, fecerat,

Val. Max. 7, 2, 4:

sponsionem provocare, quod, etc.,

id. 2, 8, 2; 6, 1, 10.—With acc. and inf.:

Cleopatra sponsione revocavit, insumere se posse, etc.,

Macr. S. 2, 13.—

Hence, in gen., a bet, betting:

audax,

Juv. 11, 202.—

Meton., a sum of money deposited according to agreement, a stake, acc. to Varr L. L. 6, § 70 Müll.

sponsor, ōris, m. [spondeo], one who becomes answerable for another.

Lit., a bondsman, surety (cf.: vas; gen. vadis, praes, vindex):

de tuo negotio, quod sponsor es pro Pompeio, si Galba consponsor tuus redierit, non desinam cum illo communicare,

Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 3:

sponsores et creditores L. Trebellii,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; cf. id. Quint. 23, 73:

sponsor promissorum alicujus,

id. Att. 15, 15, 2; 1, 10, 6; cf. id. ib. 1, 8, 2: si Pompeius mihi testis de voluntate Caesaris et sponsor est illi de meā, id. Prov. Cons. [p. 1747] 18, 43; cf.:

vel testis opinionis meae vel sponsor humanitatis tuae,

id. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

quem, inquis, deorum sponsorem accepisti?

Sen. Ep. 82, 1; cf.:

(Hymenaeus) mihi conjugii sponsor et obses erat,

Ov. H. 2, 34. — Poet., of a goddess:

sponsor conjugii stat Dea picta sui,

Ov. H. 16, 114.—

Transf. (eccl. Lat.), a godfather, godmother, sponsor, Tert. Bapt. 18 med.

sponte, abl., and spontis, gen. (perh. the only cases in use of a noun spons, assumed by Charis. p. 34 P., and Aus. Idyll. 12, 8, 11, as nom. But ad spontem is Müller's reading, Varr. L. L. 6, 7, 72, for a sponte), f. [spondeo; prop. a pledging of one's self to a thing; hence, opp. to external necessity or inducement, of free will, of one's own accord].

Sponte, in good prose always joined with meā, tuā, suā ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; also absol. or with gen.), of free will, of one's own accord, of one's self, freely, willingly, voluntarily, spontaneously (syn. ultro):

sponte valet a voluntate,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 69 Müll.:

si imprudenter aut necessitate aut casu quippiam fecerit, quod non concederetur iis, qui suā sponte et voluntate fecissent,

Cic. Part. Or. 37, 131:

tuo judicio et tuā sponte facere,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 2; cf.:

Galliam totam hortatur ad bellum, ipsam suā sponte suoque judicio excitatam,

id. Phil. 4, 3, 8:

potius consuefacere filium, Suā sponte recte facere quam alieno metu,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 50:

si hic non insanit satis suā sponte, instiga,

id. And. 4, 2, 9:

ut id suā sponte facerent, quod cogerentur facere legibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

meā sponte (opp. invitatu tuo),

id. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

meā sponte (opp. monente et denuntiante te),

id. ib. 4, 3, 1:

non solum a me provocatus, sed etiam suā sponte,

id. ib. 1, 7, 3:

transisse Rhenum sese non suā sponte, sed rogatum et arcessitum a Gallis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

et suā sponte multi in disciplinam conveniunt et a parentibus propinquisque mittuntur,

id. ib. 6, 14:

sive ipse sponte suā, sive senatusconsulto accitus,

Liv. 10, 25, 12:

quaesitum est, praecipitata esset ab eo uxor, an se ipsa suā sponte jecisset,

Quint. 7, 2, 24:

gaudeo id te mihi suadere, quod ego meā sponte pridie feceram,

Cic. Att. 15, 27: sponte ipsam suāpte adductam, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 69 Müll.:

me si fata meis paterentur ducere vitam Auspiciis et sponte meā componere curas,

Verg. A. 4, 341:

interim sponte nostrā velut donantes,

Quint. 3, 6, 8.—Sometimes propriā for suā (late Lat.):

sponte se propriā dederunt,

Amm. 17, 2, 3:

Richomeres se sponte obtulit propriā,

id. 31, 12, 15.—

Absol.:

Italiam non sponte sequor,

Verg. A. 4, 361:

sponte properant,

Ov. M. 11, 486:

odio tyrannidis exsul Sponte erat,

id. ib. 15, 62:

sponte en ultroque peremptus,

Stat. Th. 10, 809; cf.:

multitudo sponte et ultro confluens,

Suet. Caes. 16:

nec illum sponte exstinctum,

Tac. A. 3, 16:

sponte judicioque plaudere,

Quint. 8, 3, 4:

opto ut ea potissimum jubear, quae me deceat vel sponte fecisse,

Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 11: equites Romani natalem ejus sponte atque consensu biduo semper celebrarunt, Suet. Aug. 57.—

With gen.:

sponte deūm,

according to the will of the gods, Luc. 1, 234 Cort.:

sponte ducum,

id. 1, 99:

sponte deorum,

id. 5, 136; Val. Fl. 4, 358:

naturae,

Plin. 7, prooem. 1, § 4; 9, 51, 74, § 160; 11, 49, 110, § 263; 14, 4, 6, § 53; Sil. 14, 153:

principis,

Tac. A. 2, 59:

Caesaris,

id. ib. 6, 31:

praefecti,

id. ib. 4, 7:

incolarum,

id. ib. 4, 51:

litigatoris,

id. ib. 13, 42; 7, 51; id. H. 4, 19; Curt. 4, 1, 16.—

Very rarely with a prep.: de tuā sponte, Cotta ap. Charis. p. 195 P.:

a sponte,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 69 Müll.; cf. § 71 sqq. ib.—

Transf., of one's own will or agency (opp. to foreign participation or assistance), by one's self, without the aid of others, alone (rare but class.):

nequeo Pedibus meā sponte ambulare,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 46:

nec suā sponte, sed eorum auxilio,

Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

cum oppidani autem etiam suā sponte Caesarem recipere conarentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 11 fin.:

his cum suā sponte persuadere non possent, legatos ad Dumnorigem mittunt, ut eo deprecatore a Sequanis impetrarent,

id. B. G. 1, 9:

civitatem ignobilem atque humilem Eburonum suā sponte populo Romano bellum facere ausam, vix erat credendum,

id. ib. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 65:

judicium quod Verres suā sponte instituisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 111:

cum illa civitas cum Poenis suo nomine ac suā sponte bellaret,

id. ib. 2, 4, 33, §

72: ecquis Volcatio si suā sponte venisset, unam libellam dedisset?

id. ib. 2, 2, 10, § 26.—

Of things concr. and abstr., of itself, spontaneously:

is autem ardor non alieno impulsu sed suā sponte movetur, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32:

ut cum suā sponte nullā adhibitā vi, consumptus ignis exstinguitur,

id. Sen. 19, 71:

natura videtur Ipsa suā per se sponte omnia dis agere expers,

Lucr. 2, 1092:

aliae (arbores) nullis hominum cogentibus ipsae Sponte suā veniunt,

Verg. G. 2, 11; cf.:

stellae sponte suā jussaene vagentur et errent,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 17:

sapientem suā sponte ac per se bonitas et justitia delectat,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26:

res quae suā sponte scelerata est,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 108; id. Or. 32, 115:

justitium in foro suā sponte coeptum prius quam indictum,

Liv. 9, 7, 8:

clamor suā sponte ortus,

id. 9, 41, 17:

id suā sponte ap parebat,

id. 22, 38, 13:

de capite signum in manum sponte suā delapsum,

id. 27, 11, 3 ex loco superiore, qui prope suā sponte in hostem inferebat, id. 5, 43, 3:

quod terra crearat Sponte suā,

Lucr. 5, 938:

sponte suā quae fiunt aëre in ipso,

id. 4, 738:

ut vera et falsa suā sponte, non alienā judicantur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 45:

te Sponte suā probitas officiumque juvat,

Ov. P. 2, 3, 34:

sponte deae munus promeritumque patet (i. e. sine indice),

id. F. 4, 394.—Very rarely with quādam: litterae syllabaeque... orationem sponte quādam sequantur, Quint 5, 10, 125. —

Absol.:

ut numeri sponte fluxisse videantur,

Quint. 9, 4, 147.—

spontis, only in the phrase suae spontis (esse).

To be one's own master, at one's own disposal (very rare and mostly post-Aug.;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): quod suae spontis statuerant finem,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 71 Müll.:

sanus homo, qui suae spontis est, nullis obligare se legibus debet,

Cels. 1, 1.—

In Columella, of things, = suā sponte, of itself, spontaneously:

altera (cytisus est) suae spontis,

springs up spontaneously, Col. 9, 4, 2:

ubi loci natura neque manu illatam neque suae spontis aquam ministrari patitur,

id. 11, 3, 10.