crusta

crusta, ae, f. [cf. crudus], the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark, etc.

In gen.:

luti,

Lucr. 6, 626; cf.

soli,

Dig. 39, 2, 9:

panis,

Plin. 19, 8, 53, § 168:

glandis,

id. 15, 28, 34, § 112:

piscium,

id. 9, 28, 44, § 83:

locustarum,

id. 9, 30, 50, § 95:

ulcerum,

the scab, Cels. 5, 9; cf. id. 5, 10: fluminis, a covering or crust of ice, Verg. G. 3, 360 et saep.—

In partic., t. t. of plastic art, inlaid, chased, or embossed work on walls or vessels, plasterwork, stucco-work, mosaic work:

parietis,

Plin. 35, 12, 45, § 154; cf. id. 36, 6, 7, § 48:

quae (vasa) probarant, eis crustae aut emblemata detrahebantur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Plin. 36, 6, 6, § 47; 36, 6, 7, § 48:

capaces Heliadum crustae,

Juv. 5, 38; Dig. 34, 2, 32, § 1.—

Trop.: non est ista solida et sincera felicitas; crusta est et quidem tenuis, plaster- or outside-work, Sen. Prov. 6, 3; cf. tectorium.

* * *

rind, peel, bark, shell / inlay, embossing

crustārĭus, a, um, adj. [crusta, II.], pertaining to embossed work.

Adj.: tabernae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 53, 6.—

Subst.: crustārĭus, ii, m., one who makes embossed or chased figures, on plate, etc., Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 157.

marmor, ŏris (also marmur; plur. marmura, Antonius Gripho ap. Quint. 1, 6, 23; abl. marmori, Corp. Inscr. L. 1012; m., Plin. Val. 3, 14), n. [root mar-, gleam, glimmer (v. mare), the white or gleaming stone; cf. margarita, = marmaros], marble.

Lit.:

in omni marmore,

Cic. Div. 2, 21, 48:

Parium marmor,

Quint. 2, 19, 3; 5, 11, 30:

tu secanda marmora Locas,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 17:

templum de marmore ponam,

Verg. G. 3, 13; cf.:

vivos ducent de marmore vultus,

id. A. 6, 848:

parietes crusta marmoris operire totius domus,

Plin. 36, 6, 7, § 48:

A MARMORIBVS,

one whose office it was to superintend the purchasing and working of marble, Inscr. Grut. 593, 7:

marmora,

kinds of marble, Sen. Ep. 100, 5; Plin. 36, 7, 11, § 54; 36, 16, 25, § 126; but blocks or pieces of marble, Hor. l. l.; Luc. 10, 114; Plin. 24, 17, 102, § 160; 36, 1, 1, § 2; Quint. 5, 11, 30; Mart. 5, 22, 8; v. infra.—

Transf.

Pulverized marble, marble-dust, Cato, R. R. 2, 3; Col. 12, 20 fin.; Plin. 14, 19, 24, § 120; 23, 1, 24, § 45.—

A marble, i. e.,

A piece of wrought marble, marble statue, etc.:

Praxiteles marmore nobilitatus est Gnidiaque Venere,

Plin. 7, 38, 39, § 127; Hor. C. 4, 8, 13; Ov. M. 5, 234; 12, 487:

duo marmora,

id. ib. 7, 790; cf.:

lacrimas marmora manant,

id. ib. 6, 312; so plur., Sen. Ep. 90, 26; Plin. 12, 1, 5, § 9; 33, 7, 40, § 122; Stat. Silv. 1, 3, 36; Juv. 1, 12; 14, 40 et saep.—

A building of marble, Mart. 8, 3, 6; 10, 63, 1.—

In plur., a marble pavement, Mart. 10, 2, 9; 12, 60, 12; Claud. ap. Eutr. 2, 360; Juv. 6, 430.—

A mile-stone of marble:

rus marmore tertio notatum,

i. e. three miles from town, Mart. 7, 31, 10.—

A marble slab upon a sideboard, Juv. 3, 205.—

A hard, stony tumor in the joints of the horse:

plerumque in genibus aut phlegmon oritur, aut marmora,

Veg. Vet. 2, 48, 1:

tumor obduratione convertitur in marmor,

id. ib. 2, 48, 10.—

Stone in gen., Ov. M. 5, 214; 11, 404:

flumen inducit marmora rebus,

incrusts, id. ib. 15, 314.—

Poet., the bright level surface of the sea; hence, the surface of the sea, the sea in gen.: verrunt extemplo placide mare marmore flavo, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 26, 21 (Ann. v. 377 Vahl.); Lucr. 2, 767:

lento luctantur marmore tonsae,

Verg. A. 7, 28; id. G. 1, 254:

Libycum,

id. A. 7, 718:

spumant vada marmore verso,

id. ib. 10, 208:

marmora pelagi,

Cat. 63, 88:

infidum,

Sil. 14, 464:

medium,

the surface of a lake, Val. Fl. 6, 568.

marmor, ŏris (also marmur; plur. marmura, Antonius Gripho ap. Quint. 1, 6, 23; abl. marmori, Corp. Inscr. L. 1012; m., Plin. Val. 3, 14), n. [root mar-, gleam, glimmer (v. mare), the white or gleaming stone; cf. margarita, = marmaros], marble.

Lit.:

in omni marmore,

Cic. Div. 2, 21, 48:

Parium marmor,

Quint. 2, 19, 3; 5, 11, 30:

tu secanda marmora Locas,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 17:

templum de marmore ponam,

Verg. G. 3, 13; cf.:

vivos ducent de marmore vultus,

id. A. 6, 848:

parietes crusta marmoris operire totius domus,

Plin. 36, 6, 7, § 48:

A MARMORIBVS,

one whose office it was to superintend the purchasing and working of marble, Inscr. Grut. 593, 7:

marmora,

kinds of marble, Sen. Ep. 100, 5; Plin. 36, 7, 11, § 54; 36, 16, 25, § 126; but blocks or pieces of marble, Hor. l. l.; Luc. 10, 114; Plin. 24, 17, 102, § 160; 36, 1, 1, § 2; Quint. 5, 11, 30; Mart. 5, 22, 8; v. infra.—

Transf.

Pulverized marble, marble-dust, Cato, R. R. 2, 3; Col. 12, 20 fin.; Plin. 14, 19, 24, § 120; 23, 1, 24, § 45.—

A marble, i. e.,

A piece of wrought marble, marble statue, etc.:

Praxiteles marmore nobilitatus est Gnidiaque Venere,

Plin. 7, 38, 39, § 127; Hor. C. 4, 8, 13; Ov. M. 5, 234; 12, 487:

duo marmora,

id. ib. 7, 790; cf.:

lacrimas marmora manant,

id. ib. 6, 312; so plur., Sen. Ep. 90, 26; Plin. 12, 1, 5, § 9; 33, 7, 40, § 122; Stat. Silv. 1, 3, 36; Juv. 1, 12; 14, 40 et saep.—

A building of marble, Mart. 8, 3, 6; 10, 63, 1.—

In plur., a marble pavement, Mart. 10, 2, 9; 12, 60, 12; Claud. ap. Eutr. 2, 360; Juv. 6, 430.—

A mile-stone of marble:

rus marmore tertio notatum,

i. e. three miles from town, Mart. 7, 31, 10.—

A marble slab upon a sideboard, Juv. 3, 205.—

A hard, stony tumor in the joints of the horse:

plerumque in genibus aut phlegmon oritur, aut marmora,

Veg. Vet. 2, 48, 1:

tumor obduratione convertitur in marmor,

id. ib. 2, 48, 10.—

Stone in gen., Ov. M. 5, 214; 11, 404:

flumen inducit marmora rebus,

incrusts, id. ib. 15, 314.—

Poet., the bright level surface of the sea; hence, the surface of the sea, the sea in gen.: verrunt extemplo placide mare marmore flavo, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 26, 21 (Ann. v. 377 Vahl.); Lucr. 2, 767:

lento luctantur marmore tonsae,

Verg. A. 7, 28; id. G. 1, 254:

Libycum,

id. A. 7, 718:

spumant vada marmore verso,

id. ib. 10, 208:

marmora pelagi,

Cat. 63, 88:

infidum,

Sil. 14, 464:

medium,

the surface of a lake, Val. Fl. 6, 568.

pānis, is, m. ( neutr. collat. form pāne, is, Plaut. ap. Non. 218, 12, and Charis. p. 69 and 114 P.; v. infra; cf.

also: non item apud vos est positum hoc pane et hic panis? etc.,

Arn. 1, 36.—In gen. plur., panium, acc. to Caes. ap. Charis. p. 69 and 114 P.; panuin, acc. to Prisc. p. 771 P.) [from the root pa, to feed; whence also paomai, pabulum, and pasco], bread, a loaf.

Lit.:

tunc farinam aquā sparsit et assiduā tractatione perdomuit finxitque panem, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 90, 23:

a pistore panem petimus, vinum ex oenopolio,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 48:

haec sunt ventris stabilimenta: pane et arsā bubulā, etc.,

id. Curc. 2, 3, 88:

quin tu rogas, Purpureum panem an puniceum soleam ego esse,

id. Men. 5, 5, 19:

sordidus,

id. As. 1, 2, 16:

panis rubidus,

id. Cas. 2, 5, 1: cibarius panis, coarse bread (v. cibarius), Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97:

secundus,

black bread, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123:

ater,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

durus ac sordidus,

Sen. Ep. 119, 3:

siccus,

dry bread, id. ib. 83, 6:

panis plebeius, siligneus,

id. ib. 119, 3; cf.:

panis tener et niveus mollique siligine factus,

Juv. 5, 70:

vetus aut nauticus,

Plin. 22, 25, 68, § 138:

lapidosus,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 91:

fermentatus,

Vulg. Lev 7, 13:

azymus,

id. Exod. 29, 2:

subcinericus,

id. ib. 12, 39:

oleatus,

id. Num. 11, 8: mollia panis, the crumb, Plin. [p. 1298] 13, 12, 26, §

82: panis crusta,

the crust, id. 29, 4, 23, § 75:

bucella panis,

a mouthful, Vulg. Gen. 18, 5:

mucida caerulei panis consumere frusta,

Juv. 14, 128.—

In partic., a loaf:

comesse panem tres pedes latum potes,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 1, 8:

bini panes,

id. Pers. 4, 3, 2:

ex hoc effectos panes, jaciebant, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 48, 2:

panes et opsonia,

Suet. Calig. 37:

panes quos coxerat tradidit,

Vulg. Gen. 27, 17:

tortam panis unius,

id. Exod. 29, 23:

quinque panes,

id. Johan. 6, 9:

cum esuriente panem suum dividere,

Sen. Ep. 95, 51:

frange esurienti panem tuum,

Vulg. Isa. 58, 7.—Hence,

Transf.

Food in general:

non in solo pane vivit homo,

Vulg. Luc. 4, 4; id. 2 Thess. 3, 12; and trop. of food for the soul, spiritual nourishment:

ego sum panis vitae,

the food which gives life, id. Johan. 6, 48; 6, 51, etc.—

A mass in the shape of a loaf, a loaf:

panes aeris,

Plin. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

aut panes viridantis aphronitri,

Stat. S. 4, 9, 37.

per-dūco, xi, ctum, 3 ( imper. perduce for perduc, Ser. Samm. 40, 754), v. a., lit., to lead or bring through; hence,

To lead, bring, conduct, guide a person or thing to any place.

In gen. (class.):

filium illuc,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 53:

legiones ad aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 2:

comprehensos eos ad Caesarem perduxerunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 13; cf. id. B. C. 3, 28:

legionem in Allobrogas,

id. B. G. 3, 6:

Cyrum ad angustias,

Just. 1, 8, 10:

nautas ad aequora,

Luc. 2, 362:

ad Sullam,

Suet. Caes. 74:

in theatrum,

id. Ner. 13:

aliquem in conspectum alicujus,

id. Tib. 65:

bovem errantem ad stabula,

Verg. E. 6, 60:

tauros ad sacrificium,

Amm. 24, 6.—

In partic.

To draw over, bring over a woman to the acceptance of a lover:

huc Tertia perducta est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 31; Suet. Tib. 45; id. Calig. 25; id. Vesp. 22; Hor. S. 2, 5, 77; Ov. Am. 3, 12, 11; Lact. 6, 17.—

To bring, carry, lead, conduct to a place;

of buildings, ditches, water (esp. freq. in Front.): a lacu Lemano ad montem Juram murum perducit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8:

munitiones ex castellis,

id. B. C. 3, 44:

porticum,

Liv. 35, 10:

longum opus,

Luc. 3, 384:

Appia (aqua) perducta est,

Front. Aquaed. 6; cf.:

tum duumviri aquae perducendae creati sunt,

id. ib. 6; and:

aquas in urbem perducere,

id. ib. 7; so,

Anionem in Capitolium,

id. ib. 7:

virginem in agro Lucullano collectam Romam,

id. ib. 10;

13 et saep.: navigabilem alveum ex portu in Nilum,

Plin. 6, 29, 33, § 165.—

Of money, to deliver:

pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 80, 2.—

Transf.

To spread over, bedaub, besmear with any thing ( poet.):

corpus odore ambrosiae,

Verg. G. 4, 415; Pers. 2, 55:

corpus stercore gallinae,

Ser. Samm. 39, 739:

artus succo,

id. 49, 922:

crusta perducta,

Scrib. Comp. 237.—

To rub out, erase (post-class.):

si aliquid interleverit, perduxerit,

Dig. 29, 1, 20:

nomen in testamento,

ib. 37, 11, 8; 28, 4, 11.—

To take a drink, to drink off or up, to quaff (post-class.):

cyceonis liquorem, Arn. poët. 5, 175: poculum continuo haustu,

App. M. 10, 5, p. 240:

aloë ex aquae cyathis tribus frigidis perducta,

Scrib. Comp. 135 fin. —

Trop.

In gen., to draw out, lengthen, prolong, continue, to bring, carry, guide a person or thing to a certain goal, to a certain period, etc. (class.):

res disputatione ad mediam noctem perducitur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 30:

oppugnatio ad noctem perducta,

Liv. 36, 23:

in noctem orationibus perductis,

id. 38, 51:

ad tempus tuum,

Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 2:

se medicinā usque ad longam senectam,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 15:

aliquem ex humili loco ad summam dignitatem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 39; so,

aliquem ad amplissimos honores,

Cic. Lael. 20, 73:

(agri colendi studia) ad centesimum annum,

id. Sen. 17, 60:

artem ad magnam gloriam,

Plin. 35, 9, 36, § 61:

aliquem ad perniciem,

Varr. R. R. 2, 3:

aliquid ad effectum,

Dig. 33, 1, 7:

aliquid ad exitum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 169:

aliquid ad finem,

Lucr. 2, 1117:

eo rem perduxit,

brought the matter to that pass, Nep. Dion. 5, 6; cf. Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 7:

aliquid ad liquidum confessumque,

Quint. 5, 14, 28.—

To pass, spend:

noctes,

Prop. 1, 3, 39.—

In partic., to draw or bring over, win over, to persuade, induce (to an opinion or an action, etc.;

class.): si dictis nequis perduci, ut vera haec credas,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 41:

perducebam illam ad me suadelā meā,

id. Cist. 2, 3, 24:

aliquem ad suam sententiam,

Cic. Att. 16, 8, 1;

for which: aliquem in suam sententiam,

Caes. B. G. 7, 4:

aliquem ad se magnis pollicitationibus,

to bring over to one's side, to gain over, id. ib. 6, 11:

hominem ad HS LXXX.,

to induce to pay, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 12.

sŭper-vĕnĭo, vēni, ventum, 4, v. n. and a., to come over or upon, to come to or in addition to, to overtake, to come up, arrive, come upon, fall upon (not ante-Aug.).

Lit.

In gen.

Act.:

et heres Heredem alterius, velut unda supervenit undam,

follows after, presses upon, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 176:

crura loquentis Terra supervenit,

closed over, covered, Ov. M. 10, 490:

vineae superveniunt jugum,

Col. 4, 22. 1:

planitiem supervenit umor,

id. 2, 17 fin.:

si festinaret sequi, palantes superventurum,

Curt. 5, 13, 11:

hostes,

Grat. Cyn. 185.—

Neutr.:

addit se sociam timidisque supervenit Aegle,

Verg. E. 6, 20:

semianimi lapsoque supervenit,

id. A. 12, 356:

parantibus jam oppugnare supervenit a Creüsā praetor,

Liv. 42, 56, 5:

munientibus supervenit Marcellus,

id. 24, 35, 9; 28, 7, 7; 34, 29, 4; cf. id. 2, 3, 3:

huic laetitiae Quintius supervenit,

id. 34, 40, 7:

ulcus ulceri supervenit,

Cels. 5, 28, 5:

quae (febris) vel levi vulneri supervenit,

id. 5, 26, 26:

quotiens imbres superveniunt,

Front. Aquaed. 15:

dum nox occasionem daret, securis et laetis superveniendum,

Just. 2, 11, 12:

inopinantibus,

id. 8, 3, 15:

quibusdam (insectorum) pinnarum tutelae crusta supervenit,

Plin. 11, 28, 34, § 97. — Without dat.:

Laelius Fulviusque ab Romā supervenerunt,

Liv. 30, 25, 9; 2, 6, 10; 27, 28, 17:

nuntii ab Urbe,

Suet. Galb. 11:

nulla auxilia,

Tac. H. 4, 25:

superveniunt deinde legati,

Curt. 3, 1, 9; 4, 15, 18:

tandem signa legionum,

Liv. 34, 28, 4:

tertia aquila,

Suet. Vesp. 5:

imbres superveniunt,

Front. Aquaed. 15:

grata superveniet quae non sperabitur hora,

Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 14.—

In partic., of animals, to leap, cover, Col. 6, 24, 3; 7, 6, 3; Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 174.—

Trop., to come upon, be added to; to go beyond, surpass, exceed, excel:

ne tempus opimandi quintam et vigesimam lunam superveniat,

go beyond, exceed, Col. 8, 7, 5:

vis teneros supervenit annos,

attacks suddenly, Stat. Achill. 1, 147:

aliud majus alio supervenit,

is added to, follows, Quint. 9, 4, 23:

tunc donis Argia nitet, vilesque sororis Ornatus sacro praeculta supervenit auro,

surpasses, exceeds, Stat. Th. 2, 298.

Tănăis, is, m., = Tanaïs.

The river Tanais, now the Don, Mel. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 1; 1, 2, 6 al.; Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 78; 6, 7, 7, § 19; Hor. C. 3, 10, 1; 3, 29, 28; 4, 15, 24 et saep.:

Tanaimque nivalem,

Verg. G. 4, 517; Liv. 38, 38.—Hence,

Tănăītae, ārum, m., the inhabitants of the country near the Don, Plin. 6, 7, 7, § 22; Amm. 31, 3, 1.—

Tă-năītis, ĭdis, f., she that lives by the Don, i. e. an Amazon, Sen. Hippol. 399.—

A river in Numidia, Sall. J. 90, 2.—

Tă-năītĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Don:

potor Scythicae undae,

Sid. Carm. 5, 479:

crusta,

id. ib. 11, 96.—

A proper name of a man, Verg. A. 12, 513; Hor. S. 1, 1, 105.

Tănăis, is, m., = Tanaïs.

The river Tanais, now the Don, Mel. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 1; 1, 2, 6 al.; Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 78; 6, 7, 7, § 19; Hor. C. 3, 10, 1; 3, 29, 28; 4, 15, 24 et saep.:

Tanaimque nivalem,

Verg. G. 4, 517; Liv. 38, 38.—Hence,

Tănăītae, ārum, m., the inhabitants of the country near the Don, Plin. 6, 7, 7, § 22; Amm. 31, 3, 1.—

Tă-năītis, ĭdis, f., she that lives by the Don, i. e. an Amazon, Sen. Hippol. 399.—

A river in Numidia, Sall. J. 90, 2.—

Tă-năītĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Don:

potor Scythicae undae,

Sid. Carm. 5, 479:

crusta,

id. ib. 11, 96.—

A proper name of a man, Verg. A. 12, 513; Hor. S. 1, 1, 105.

Tănăis, is, m., = Tanaïs.

The river Tanais, now the Don, Mel. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 1; 1, 2, 6 al.; Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 78; 6, 7, 7, § 19; Hor. C. 3, 10, 1; 3, 29, 28; 4, 15, 24 et saep.:

Tanaimque nivalem,

Verg. G. 4, 517; Liv. 38, 38.—Hence,

Tănăītae, ārum, m., the inhabitants of the country near the Don, Plin. 6, 7, 7, § 22; Amm. 31, 3, 1.—

Tă-năītis, ĭdis, f., she that lives by the Don, i. e. an Amazon, Sen. Hippol. 399.—

A river in Numidia, Sall. J. 90, 2.—

Tă-năītĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Don:

potor Scythicae undae,

Sid. Carm. 5, 479:

crusta,

id. ib. 11, 96.—

A proper name of a man, Verg. A. 12, 513; Hor. S. 1, 1, 105.

Tănăis, is, m., = Tanaïs.

The river Tanais, now the Don, Mel. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 1; 1, 2, 6 al.; Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 78; 6, 7, 7, § 19; Hor. C. 3, 10, 1; 3, 29, 28; 4, 15, 24 et saep.:

Tanaimque nivalem,

Verg. G. 4, 517; Liv. 38, 38.—Hence,

Tănăītae, ārum, m., the inhabitants of the country near the Don, Plin. 6, 7, 7, § 22; Amm. 31, 3, 1.—

Tă-năītis, ĭdis, f., she that lives by the Don, i. e. an Amazon, Sen. Hippol. 399.—

A river in Numidia, Sall. J. 90, 2.—

Tă-năītĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Don:

potor Scythicae undae,

Sid. Carm. 5, 479:

crusta,

id. ib. 11, 96.—

A proper name of a man, Verg. A. 12, 513; Hor. S. 1, 1, 105.