-
21 составление
1. drafting2. tabulation3. construction4. formation5. preparation6. compounding7. totalling8. composition; compilation; drawing upсоставляющий; составление — drawing up
-
22 композиция
- SDR 9
- SDR 7,4
- SDR 6
- SDR 41
- SDR 33
- SDR 26
- SDR 21
- SDR 17,6
- SDR 17
- SDR 13,6
- SDR 11
- PN 8
- PN 6,3
- PN 6
- PN 5
- PN 4
- PN 3,2
- PN 25
- PN 20
- PN 2,5
- PN 16
- PN 12,5
- PN 10
- composition
композиция
Осмысленное, сложное и/или оригинальное оформление всех движений в программе по фигурному катанию в соответствии с принципами пропорциональности, единства, объемности, рисунка, структуры и выразительности.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]EN
composition
Intentional, developed and/or original arrangement of all types of movements in figure skating program according to the principles of proportion, unity, space, pattern, structure and phrasing.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]Тематики
EN
3.20 композиция: Гомогенная гранулированная смесь базового полимера (ПЭ), включающая в себя добавки (антиоксиданты, пигменты, стабилизаторы и др.), вводимые на стадии производства композиции, в концентрациях, необходимых для обеспечения изготовления и использования труб, соответствующих требованиям настоящего стандарта».
Пункт 4.1. Первый абзац изложить в новой редакции:
«4.1 Размеры труб из композиций полиэтилена ПЭ 32 приведены в таблице 1, из композиций полиэтилена ПЭ 63, ПЭ 80, ПЭ 100 - в таблицах 2 и 3»;
таблица 1. Наименование. Заменить слова: «из полиэтилена 32» на «из композиций полиэтилена 32»;
головка. Заменить значения максимального рабочего давления воды при 20 °С: 0,25 на 2,5; 0,4 на 4; 0,6 на 6; 1 на 10;
таблицы 2 и 3 изложить в новой редакции:
Таблица 2 - Средний наружный диаметр и овальность труб из композиций полиэтилена ПЭ 63, ПЭ 80, ПЭ 100
В миллиметрах
Номинальный размер DN/OD
Средний наружный диаметр dem
Овальность после экструзии***, не более
dem, min
Предельное отклонение*
10
10,0
+0,3
1,2
12
12,0
+0,3
1,2
16
16,0
+0,3
1,2
20
20,0
+0,3
1,2
25
25,0
+0,3
1,2
32
32,0
+0,3
1,3
40
40,0
+0,4**
1,4
50
50,0
+0,4**
1,4
63
63,0
+0,4
1,5
(75)
75,0
+0,5
1,6
90
90,0
+0,6
1,8
110
110,0
+0,7
2,2
(125)
125,0
+0,8
2,5
(140)
140,0
+0,9
2,8
160
160,0
+1,0
3,2
(180)
180,0
+1,1
3,6
(200)
200,0
+1,2
4,0
225
225,0
+1,4
4,5
250
250,0
+1,5
5,0
280
280,0
+1,7
9,8
315
315,0
+1,9
11,1
355
355,0
+2,2
12,5
400
400,0
+2,4
14,0
450
450,0
+2,7
15,6
500
500,0
+3,0
17,5
(560)
560,0
+3,4
19,6
630
630,0
+3,8
22,1
710
710,0
+6,4
24,9
800
800,0
+7,2
28,0
900
900,0
+8,1
31,5
1000
1000,0
+9,0
35,0
1200
1200,0
+10,8
42,0
1400
1400,0
+12,6
49,0
1600
1600,0
+14,4
56,0
1800
1800,0
+16,2
63,0
2000
2000,0
+18,0
70,0
* Соответствует ГОСТ ИСО 11922-1, квалитет В - для размеров DN/OD ≤ 630, квалитет А - для размеров DN/OD ≥ 710.
** Предельное отклонение увеличено до 0,4 мм по сравнению с указанным в ГОСТ ИСО 11922-1.
*** Соответствует ГОСТ ИСО 11922-1, квалитет N, определяет изготовитель после экструзии.
Примечание - Размеры, взятые в скобки, - нерекомендуемые.
Таблица 3 - Толщины стенок и номинальные давления труб из композиций полиэтилена ПЭ 63, ПЭ 80, ПЭ 100
В миллиметрах
Наименование полиэтилена
SDR 41
SDR 33
SDR 26
SDR 21
Номинальное давление, 105 Па (бар)
ПЭ 63
PN 2,5
PN 3,2
PN 4
PN 5
ПЭ 80
PN 3,2
PN 4
PN 5
PN 6,3
ПЭ 100
PN 4
PN 5
PN 6,3
PN 8
Номинальный размер DN/OD
Толщина стенки е
номин.
пред. откл.
номин.
пред. откл.
номин.
пред. откл.
номин.
пред. откл.
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
32
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
40
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,0*
+0,3
50
-
-
-
-
2,0
+0,3
2,4
+0,4
63
-
-
2,0
+0,3
2,5
+0,4
3,0
+0,4
75
2,0*
+0,3
2,3
+0,4
2,9
+0,4
3,6
+0,5
90
2,2
+0,4
2,8
+0,4
3,5
+0,5
4,3
+0,6
110
2,7
+0,4
3,4
+0,5
4,2
+0,6
5,3
+0,7
125
3,1
+0,5
3,9
+0,5
4,8
+0,6
6,0
+0,7
140
3,5
+0,5
4,3
+0,6
5,4
+0,7
6,7
+0,8
160
4,0
+0,5
4,9
+0,6
6,2
+0,8
7,7
+0,9
180
4,4
+0,6
5,5
+0,7
6,9
+0,8
8,6
+1,0
200
4,9
+0,6
6,2
+0,8
7,7
+0,9
9,6
+1,1
225
5,5
+0,7
6,9
+0,8
8,6
+1,0
10,8
+1,2
250
6,2
+0,8
7,7
+0,9
9,6
+1,1
11,9
+1,3
280
6,9
+0,8
8,6
+1,0
10,7
+1,2
13,4
+1,5
315
7,7
+0,9
9,7
+1,1
12,1
+1,4
15,0
+1,6
355
8,7
+1,0
10,9
+1,2
13,6
+1,5
16,9
+1,8
400
9,8
+1,1
12,3
+1,4
15,3
+1,7
19,1
+2,1
450
11,0
+1,2
13,8
+1,5
17,2
+1,9
21,5
+2,3
500
12,3
+1,4
15,3
+1,7
19,1
+2,1
23,9
+2,5
560
13,7
+1,5
17,2
+1,9
21,4
+2,3
26,7
+2,8
630
15,4
+1,7
19,3
+2,1
24,1
+2,6
30,0
+3,1
710
17,4
+1,9
21,8
+2,3
27,2
+2,9
33,9
+3,5
800
19,6
+2,1
24,5
+2,6
30,6
+3,2
38,1
+4,0
900
22,0
+2,3
27,6
+2,9
34,4
+3,6
42,9
+4,4
1000
24,5
+2,6
30,6
+3,2
38,2
+4,0
47,7
+4,9
1200
29,4
+3,1
36,7
+3,8
45,9
+4,7
57,2
+5,9
1400
34,3
+3,6
42,9
+4,4
53,5
+5,5
66,7
+6,8
1600
39,2
+4,1
49,0
+5,0
61,2
+6,3
76,2
+7,8
1800
44,0
+4,5
55,1
+5,7
68,8
+7,0
85,8
+8,7
2000
48,9
+5,0
61,2
+6,3
76,4
+7,8
95,3
+9,7
Наименование полиэтилена
SDR 17,6
SDR 17
SDR 13,6
SDR 11
Номинальное давление, 105 Па (бар)
ПЭ 63
PN 6
-
PN 8
PN 10
ПЭ 80
(PN 7,5)
PN 8
PN 10
PN 12,5
ПЭ 100
(PN 9,5)
PN 10
PN 12,5
PN 16
Номинальный размер DN/OD
Толщина стенки е
номин.
пред. откл.
номин.
пред. откл.
номин.
пред. откл.
номин.
пред. откл.
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,0*
+0,3
25
-
-
-
-
2,0*
+0,3
2,3
+0,4
32
-
-
2,0*
+0,3
2,4
+0,4
3,0*
+0,4
40
2,3
+0,4
2,4
+0,4
3,0
+0,4
3,7
+0,5
50
2,9
+0,4
3,0
+0,4
3,7
+0,5
4,6
+0,6
63
3,6
+0,5
3,8
+0,5
4,7
+0,6
5,8
+0,7
75
4,3
+0,6
4,5
+0,6
5,6
+0,7
6,8
+0,8
90
5,1
+0,7
5,4
+0,7
6,7
+0,8
8,2
+1,0
110
6,3
+0,8
6,6
+0,8
8,1
+1,0
10,0
+1,1
125
7,1
+0,9
7,4
+0,9
9,2
+1,1
11,4
+1,3
140
8,0
+1,0
8,3
+1,0
10,3
+1,2
12,7
+1,4
160
9,1
+1,1
9,5
+1,1
11,8
+1,3
14,6
+1,6
180
10,2
+1,2
10,7
+1,2
13,3
+1,5
16,4
+1,8
200
11,4
+1,3
11,9
+1,3
14,7
+1,6
18,2
+2,0
225
12,8
+1,4
13,4
+1,5
16,6
+1,8
20,5
+2,2
250
14,2
+1,6
14,8
+1,6
18,4
+2,0
22,7
+2,4
280
15,9
+1,7
16,6
+1,8
20,6
+2,2
25,4
+2,7
315
17,9
+1,9
18,7
+2,0
23,2
+2,5
28,6
+3,0
355
20,1
+2,2
21,1
+2,3
26,1
+2,8
32,2
+3,4
400
22,7
+2,4
23,7
+2,5
29,4
+3,1
36,3
+3,8
450
25,5
+2,7
26,7
+2,8
33,1
+3,5
40,9
+4,2
500
28,3
+3,0
29,7
+3,1
36,8
+3,8
45,4
+4,7
560
31,7
+3,3
33,2
+3,5
41,2
+4,3
50,8
+5,2
630
35,7
+3,7
37,4
+3,9
46,3
+4,8
57,2
+5,9
710
40,2
+4,2
42,1
+4,4
52,2
+5,4
64,5
+6,6
800
45,3
+4,7
47,4
+4,9
58,8
+6,0
72,6
+7,4
900
51,0
+5,2
53,3
+5,5
66,1
+6,8
81,7
+8,3
1000
56,6
+5,8
59,3
+6,1
73,5
+7,5
90,8
+9,2
1200
68,0
+6,9
71,1
+7,3
88,2
+9,0
108,9
+11,0
1400
-
-
83,0
+8,4
102,9
+10,4
-
-
1600
-
-
94,8
+9,6
117,5
+11,9
-
-
1800
-
-
106,6
+10,8
-
-
-
-
2000
-
-
118,5
+12,0
-
-
-
-
Наименование полиэтилена
SDR 9
SDR 7,4
SDR 6
Номинальное давление, 105 Па (бар)
ПЭ 63
-
-
-
ПЭ 80
PN 16
PN 20
PN 25
ПЭ 100
PN 20
PN 25
-
Номинальный размер DN/OD
Толщина стенки е
номин.
пред. откл.
номин.
пред. откл.
номин.
пред. откл.
10
-
-
-
-
2,0*
+0,3
12
-
-
-
-
2,0
+0,3
16
2,0*
+0,3
2,3*
+0,4
2,7
+0,4
20
2,3
+0,4
3,0*
+0,4
3,4
+0,5
25
2,8
+0,4
3,5
+0,5
4,2
+0,6
32
3,6
+0,5
4,4
+0,6
5,4
+0,7
40
4,5
+0,6
5,5
+0,7
6,7
+0,8
50
5,6
+0,7
6,9
+0,8
8,3
+1,0
63
7,1
+0,9
8,6
+1,0
10,5
+1,2
75
8,4
+1,0
10,3
+1,2
12,5
+1,4
90
10,1
+1,2
12,3
+1,4
15,0
+1,7
110
12,3
+1,4
15,1
+1,7
18,3
+2,0
125
14,0
+1,5
17,1
+1,9
20,8
+2,2
140
15,7
+1,7
19,2
+2,1
23,3
+2,5
160
17,9
+1,9
21,9
+2,3
26,6
+2,8
180
20,1
+2,2
24,6
+2,6
29,9
+3,1
200
22,4
+2,4
27,4
+2,9
33,2
+3,5
225
25,2
+2,7
30,8
+3,2
37,4
+3,9
250
27,9
+2,9
34,2
+3,6
41,5
+4,3
280
31,3
+3,3
38,3
+4,0
46,5
+4,8
315
35,2
+3,7
43,1
+4,5
52,3
+5,4
355
39,7
+4,1
48,5
+5,0
59,0
+6,0
400
44,7
+4,6
54,7
+5,6
66,4
+6,8
450
50,3
+5,2
61,5
+6,3
-
-
500
55,8
+5,7
68,3
+7,0
-
-
560
62,5
+6,4
76,5
+7,8
-
-
630
70,3
+7,2
86,1
+8,7
-
-
710
79,3
+8,1
97,0
+9,8
-
-
800
89,3
+9,1
109,3
+11,1
-
-
900
100,5
+10,2
-
-
-
-
1000
111,6
+11,3
-
-
-
-
* Номинальная толщина стенки труб увеличена в соответствии с условиями применения по сравнению с указанной в ГОСТ ИСО 4065 для данного SDR.
Примечания
1 Номинальные давления PN, указанные в скобках, выбраны из ряда R40 по ГОСТ 8032.
2 Полиэтилен ПЭ 63 не рекомендуется для изготовления труб диаметром более 250 мм.
Пункт 4.1. Исключить слова: «При этом допускается изготовлять трубы с предельными отклонениями, указанными в скобках».
Пункт 4.2. Первый абзац. Заменить значение: «плюс 1 %» на «±1 %»;
второй абзац. Заменить значения: «плюс 3 %» на «±3 %» и «плюс 1,5 %» на «±1,5 %».
Пункт 4.4 исключить.
Пункт 5.1 изложить в новой редакции:
«5.1 Трубы изготовляют из композиций полиэтилена (см. 3.20) минимальной длительной прочностью MRS 3,2 МПа (ПЭ 32), MRS 6,3 МПа (ПЭ 63), MRS 8,0 МПа (ПЭ 80), MRS 10,0 МПа (ПЭ 100) (приложение Г) по технологической документации, утвержденной в установленном порядке. Введение добавок на стадии экструзии труб не допускается. Допускается изготовлять трубы из композиций полиэтилена с использованием вторичного гранулированного полиэтилена ПЭ 32, ПЭ 63, ПЭ 80 или ПЭ 100, полученного из труб собственного производства.
Классификация композиции полиэтилена по уровню минимальной длительной прочности MRS по таблице 4а (кроме ПЭ 32) должна быть установлена изготовителем композиции в соответствии с ГОСТ ИСО 12162.
Таблица 4а - Классификация композиций полиэтилена
Обозначение композиции полиэтилена
Минимальная длительная прочность MRS, МПа
Расчетное напряжение σs,МПа
ПЭ 100
10,0
8,0
ПЭ 80
8,0
6,3
ПЭ 63
6,3
5,0
ПЭ 32
3,2
2,5
Значение MRS и классификацию композиции полиэтилена устанавливают, исходя из значения нижнего доверительного предела прогнозируемой гидростатической прочности σLPL, в соответствии с ГОСТ ИСО 12162. Значение σLPL должно быть определено на основе анализа данных длительных гидростатических испытаний образцов труб, выполненных по ГОСТ 24157. При определении длительной гидростатической прочности композиций полиэтилена ПЭ 100 прямая, описывающая временную зависимость прочности при 80 °С не должна иметь перегиба ранее 5000 ч».
Раздел 5 дополнить пунктом - 5.1а:
«5.1а Трубы должны соответствовать Единым санитарно-эпидемиологическим и гигиеническим требованиям к товарам, подлежащим санитарно-эпидемиологическому и гигиеническому контролю (надзору)».
Пункт 5.2. Таблица 5. Графа «Значение показателя для труб из». Для показателя 1 заменить слова: «с синими продольными полосами в количестве не менее четырех» на «с синими продольными маркировочными полосами в количестве не менее трех»;
после слов «не регламентируются» дополнить словами: «Цвет защитной оболочки - синий»;
показатели 2, 3 и 4 изложить в новой редакции, показатель 5 дополнить знаком сноски «*»; дополнить показателем 7 и сноской «**»:
Наименование показателя
Значение показателя для труб из
Метод испытания
ПЭ 32
ПЭ 63
ПЭ 80
ПЭ 100
2 Относительное удлинение при разрыве, %, не менее
250
350
350
350
По ГОСТ 11262 и 8.4 настоящего стандарта
3 Изменение длины после прогрева (для труб номинальной толщиной 16 мм и менее), %, не более
3
По ГОСТ 27078 и 8.5 настоящего стандарта
4 Стойкость при постоянном внутреннем давлении при 20 °С, ч, не менее
При начальном напряжении в стенке трубы 6,5 МПа 100
При начальном напряжении в стенке трубы 8,0 МПа 100
При начальном напряжении в стенке трубы 9,0 МПа 100
При начальном напряжении в стенке трубы 12,0 МПа 100
По ГОСТ 24157 и 8.6 настоящего стандарта
7 Термостабильность при 200 °С**, мин, не менее
20
По приложению Ж
* В случае пластического разрушения до истечения 165 ч - см. таблицу 5а.
** Допускается проводить испытание при 210 °С или при 220 °С. В случае разногласий испытание проводят при температуре 200 °С.
Пункт 5.3.1. Третий абзац исключить;
дополнить абзацами и примечанием:
«Маркировка не должна приводить к возникновению трещин и других повреждений, ухудшающих прочностные характеристики трубы.
При нанесении маркировки методом печати цвет маркировки должен отличаться от основного цвета трубы. Размер шрифта и качество нанесения маркировки должны обеспечивать ее разборчивость без применения увеличительных приборов.
Примечание - Изготовитель не несет ответственности за маркировку, ставшую неразборчивой в результате следующих действий при монтаже и эксплуатации: окрашивание, снятие верхнего слоя, использование покрытия или применение моющих средств, за исключением согласованных или установленных изготовителем.
Маркировка труб с соэкструзионными слоями и труб с защитной оболочкой - в соответствии с В.2.3 и В.3.4 (приложение В)».
Пункт 5.4.1. Первый абзац. Заменить значение: «до 1 т» на «до 3 т»; дополнить словами: «По согласованию с потребителем из пакетов допускается формировать блок-пакеты массой до 5 т»;
первый и четвертый абзацы. Заменить слова: «и труднодоступных районов» на «и приравненных к ним местностей» (2 раза);
третий абзац. Заменить значение: 20 на 16.
Пункт 6.1. Первый абзац. Заменить слова: «Трубы из полиэтилена» на «Полиэтилен, из которого изготовляют трубы,»; заменить ссылку: ГОСТ 12.1.005 на ГОСТ 12.1.007.
Пункт 6.2. Второй абзац после слов «соответствовать ГОСТ 12.3.030» изложить в новой редакции: «Предельно допустимые концентрации основных продуктов термоокислительной деструкции в воздухе рабочей зоны и класс опасности приведены в таблице 6»;
таблицу 6 изложить в новой редакции:
Таблица 6
Наименование продукта
Предельно допустимая концентрация (ПДК) в воздухе рабочей зоны по ГОСТ 12.1.005*, мг/м3
Класс опасности по ГОСТ 12.1.007
Действие на организм
Формальдегид
0,5
2
Выраженное раздражающее, сенсибилизирующее
Ацетальдегид
5
3
Общее токсическое
Углерода оксид
20
4
Общее токсическое
Органические кислоты (в пересчете на уксусную кислоту)
5
3
Общее токсическое
Аэрозоль полиэтилена
10
4
Общее токсическое
* В Российской Федерации действует ГОСТ 29325,
б) как расчетное значение из нескольких (в соответствии с таблицей 7а) измерений диаметра, равномерно расположенных в выбранном поперечном сечении.
Таблица 7а - Количество измерений диаметра для данного номинального размера
Номинальный размер трубы DN/OD
Количество измерений диаметра в данном поперечном сечении
≤40
4
>40 и ≤600
6
>600 и ≤1600
8
>1600
12
Измерения проводят с погрешностью в соответствии с таблицей 7б.
Таблица 7б - Погрешность измерения диаметра
В миллиметрах
Номинальный размер трубы DN/OD
Допускаемая погрешность единичного измерения
Среднеарифметическое значение округляют до*
≤600
0,1
0,1
600 < DN ≤ 1600
0,2
0,2
>1600
1
1
* Округление среднего значения проводят в большую сторону.
В случае перечисления б), рассчитывают среднеарифметическое значение полученных измерений, округляют в соответствии с таблицей 7б и записывают результат как средний наружный диаметр dеm».
Пункт 8.3.4. Второй абзац. Заменить слова: «в таблицах 1 - 4» на «в таблицах 1, 3».
Пункт 8.3.5. Заменить слова: «определяемыми по ГОСТ 29325» на «измеряемыми».
Пункт 8.3.6. Второй абзац дополнить словами: «в процессе производства».
Пункт 8.4 изложить в новой редакции:
«8.4 Относительное удлинение при разрыве определяют по ГОСТ 11262* на образцах-лопатках, при этом толщина образца должна быть равна толщине стенки трубы. Отрезок трубы, изготовленный из пробы, отобранной по 7.2, разделяют на равное количество секторов, вырезают полосы, располагаемые приблизительно равномерно по окружности трубы, в количестве, указанном в таблице 7в.
________
* В Российской Федерации действуют ГОСТ Р 53652.1-2009 и ГОСТ Р 53652.3-2009.
Таблица 7в - Количество образцов
Номинальный наружный диаметр, dn, мм
20 ≤ dn < 75
75 ≤ dn < 280
280 ≤ dn < 450
dn ≥ 450
Количество полос для изготовления образцов
3
5
5
8
Примечание - Для труб диаметром 40 мм и менее допускается вырезать полосы из двух или трех отрезков труб.
Тип образца, метод изготовления и скорость испытания выбирают в соответствии с таблицей 8.
Таблица 8
Номинальная толщина стенки трубы е, мм
Тип образца по ГОСТ 11262
Способ изготовления
Скорость испытания, мм/мин
е ≤ 5
1
Вырубка штампом-про- сечкой или механическая обработка по ГОСТ 26277
100 ± 10
5 < е ≤12
2
Вырубка штампом-про- сечкой или механическая обработка по ГОСТ 26277
50 ± 5
е > 12
2
Механическая обработка по ГОСТ 26277
25 ±2
или е > 12
3 по рисунку 1
Механическая обработка по ГОСТ 26277
10 ± 1
Рисунок 1 - Образец типа 3
Таблица 9 - Размеры образца типа 3
Параметр
Размеры, мм
Общая длина l1, не менее
250
Начальное расстояние между центрами несущих болтов l2
165 ± 5
Длина рабочей части (параллельная часть) l3
25 ± 1
Расчетная длина l0
20 ± 1
Ширина головки b1
100 ± 3
Ширина рабочей части (параллельная часть) b2,
25 ± 1
Толщина е
Соответствует толщине стенки трубы
Радиус закругления r
25 ± 1
Диаметр отверстия d
30 ± 5
При изготовлении ось образца должна быть параллельна оси трубы и располагаться по центру полосы, при этом штамп-просечку устанавливают на внутреннюю сторону полосы.
Перед испытанием образцы кондиционируют по ГОСТ 12423 при температуре испытания (23 ± 2) °С при номинальной толщине образца, мм:
еn < 3 ………………………………………………..… в течение 1 ч ± 5 мин
3 ≤ еп < 8 ……………………………………………………… » 3 ч ± 15 мин
8 ≤ еn < 16 …………………………………………………….. » 6 ч ± 30 мин
16 ≤ еn < 32 …………………………………………………… » (10 ± 1) ч
еn ≥ 32 …………………………………………………………. » (16 ± 1) ч.
Примечание - При достижении относительного удлинения 500 % испытание может быть прекращено до наступления разрыва образца.
За результат испытания принимают минимальное значение относительного удлинения при разрыве, вычисленное до третьей значащей цифры».
Пункт 8.5 дополнить словами: «на трубах номинальной толщиной стенки 16 мм и менее. При этом образцы перед испытанием кондиционируют в стандартной атмосфере 23 по ГОСТ 12423 при номинальной толщине испытуемой трубы, мм:
еn < 3 ………………………………………………….. в течение 1 ч
3 ≤ еп < 8 ……………………………………………………… » ≥3 ч
8 ≤ еn < 16 …………………………………………………….. » ≥6 ч».
Пункт 8.6. Заменить слова: «на трех пробах» на «на пробах»; исключить слова: «Расчет испытательного давления проводят с точностью 0,01 МПа»; дополнить словами: «Среда испытания - «вода в воде».
Пункт 9.1. Последний абзац. Заменить слова: «и труднодоступные районы» на «и приравненные к ним местности».
Пункт 9.2. Первый абзац изложить в новой редакции:
«Трубы хранят по ГОСТ 15150, раздел 10 в условиях 5 ( ОЖ4) или 8 (ОЖ3). При этом трубы, изготовленные из несажевых композиций полиэтилена, хранят в условиях 8 (ОЖ3) в течение не более 12 мес, по истечению указанного срока они должны быть испытаны по показателям 2, 5, 7 таблицы 5».
Пункт 10.2. Исключить слово: «хранения».
Приложение А. Пункт А. 1. Исключить слово: «нормативных».
Приложение Б. Таблицу Б.2 изложить в новой редакции:
Таблица Б.2 - Расчетная масса 1 м труб из композиций полиэтилена ПЭ 63, ПЭ 80, ПЭ 100
Номинальный размер DN/OD
Расчетная масса 1 м труб, кг
SDR 41
SDR 33
SDR 26
SDR 21
SDR 17,6
SDR 17
SDR 13,6
SDR 11
SDR 9
SDR 7,4
SDR 6
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0,051
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0,064
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0,090
0,102
0,115
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0,116
0,132
0,162
0,180
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
0,148
0,169
0,198
0,240
0,277
32
-
-
-
-
-
0,193
0,229
0,277
0,325
0,385
0,453
40
-
-
-
0,244
0,281
0,292
0,353
0,427
0,507
0,600
0,701
50
-
-
0,308
0,369
0,436
0,449
0,545
0,663
0,786
0,935
1,47
63
-
0,392
0,488
0,573
0,682
0,715
0,869
1,05
1,25
1,47
1,73
75
0,469
0,543
0,668
0,821
0,97
1,01
1,23
1,46
1,76
2,09
2,45
90
0,630
0,782
0,969
1,18
1,40
1,45
1,76
2,12
2,54
3,00
3,52
110
0,930
1,16
1,42
1,77
2,07
2,16
2,61
3,14
3,78
4,49
5,25
125
1,22
1,50
1,83
2,26
2,66
2,75
3,37
4,08
4,87
5,78
6,77
140
1,53
1,87
2,31
2,83
3,35
3,46
4,22
5,08
6,12
7,27
8,49
160
1,98
2,41
3,03
3,71
4,35
4,51
5,50
6,67
7,97
9,46
11,1
180
2,47
3,05
3,78
4,66
5,47
5,71
6,98
8,43
10,1
12,0
14,0
200
3,03
3,82
4,68
5,77
6,78
7,04
8,56
10,4
12,5
14,8
17,3
225
3,84
4,76
5,88
7,29
8,55
8,94
10,9
13,2
15,8
18,7
21,9
250
4,81
5,90
7,29
8,92
10,6
11,0
13,4
16,2
19,4
23,1
27,0
280
5,96
7,38
9,09
11,3
13,2
13,8
16,8
20,3
24,4
28,9
33,9
315
7,49
9,35
11,6
14,2
16,7
17,4
21,3
25,7
30,8
36,6
42,8
355
9,53
11,8
14,6
18,0
21,2
22,2
27,0
32,6
39,2
46,4
54,4
400
12,1
15,1
18,6
22,9
26,9
28,0
34,2
41,4
49,7
59,0
69,0
450
15,2
19,0
23,5
29,0
34,0
35,5
43,3
52,4
62,9
74,6
-
500
19,0
23,4
29,0
35,8
42,0
43,9
53,5
64,7
77,5
92,1
-
560
23,6
29,4
36,3
44,8
52,6
55,0
67,1
81,0
97,3
116
-
630
29,9
37,1
46,0
56,5
66,6
69,6
84,8
103
123
146
-
710
38,1
47,3
58,5
72,1
84,7
88,4
108
131
157
186
-
800
48,3
59,9
74,1
91,4
108
112
137
166
199
236
-
900
60,9
75,9
93,8
116
136
142
173
210
252
-
-
1000
75,4
93,5
116
143
168
175
214
259
311
-
-
1200
108
134
167
206
242
252
308
373
-
-
-
1400
148
183
227
280
-
343
419
-
-
-
-
1600
193
239
296
365
-
448
547
-
-
-
-
1800
243
303
375
462
-
567
-
-
-
-
-
2000
300
374
462
571
-
700
-
-
-
-
-
Примечание после таблицы Б.2. Заменить слова: «плотности полиэтилена» на «плотности композиции полиэтилена», «полиэтилена плотностью» на «композиции полиэтилена плотностью».
Приложение В изложить в новой редакции:
Источник: 2:
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > композиция
-
23 estudio
m.1 study.ha dedicado muchos años al estudio del tema she has studied the subject for many yearsestar en estudio to be under considerationestudio de campo field studyestudio de viabilidad feasibility study2 study (oficina).3 studio (Cine, Rad & TV).los estudios de la Metro the Metro studiosestudio cinematográfico film studioestudio de grabación recording studiopres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: estudiar.* * *1 (gen) study2 (encuesta) survey, study; (investigación) research3 (apartamento) studio flat (US apartment), bedsit4 (sala) studio1 (conocimientos) studies, education sing\cursar estudios to studydar estudios a alguien to pay for somebody's educationdedicarse al estudio de algo to study somethingestar algo en estudio to be under considerationhacer estudios to studytener estudios to be well-educatedestudio cinematográfico film studioestudio de grabación recording studioestudio de mercado market researchestudio de televisión television studio* * *noun m.1) study2) studio3) den* * *SM1) (=investigación) studylos últimos estudios en lingüística — the latest work o studies in linguistics
en estudios de laboratorio — in laboratory tests o studies
bolsa 9), plan 2)estudio de desplazamientos y tiempos — (Com) time and motion study
2) (=actividad investigadora) study3) (=análisis) [de intención de voto, edificio] surveyya les hemos entregado el proyecto para su estudio — we have already put forward the plan for their consideration
•
estar en estudio — to be under consideration•
cursar estudios de algo — to study sth•
dejar los estudios — (Escol) to drop out of school; (Univ) to drop out of university•
tener estudios — to have an education, be educatedtengo algunos estudios de inglés — I've studied some o a bit of English
estudios universitarios — university degree sing, university studies
5) (=erudición) learning6) (Arte, Mús) studyun estudio de piano — a study o étude for piano
7) (=lugar de trabajo)a) [en una casa] studyc) (Cine, Radio, TV) studioestudio cinematográfico, estudio de cine — film studio
estudio de fotografía — photographer's studio, photographic studio
8) (=apartamento) studio, studio flat* * *1)a) (Educ) ( actividad)primero está el estudio — your studies o work must come first
b) (investigación, análisis) studyc) (de asunto, caso) considerationestá en o (RPl) a estudio en el Parlamento — it is being considered in parliament
2) ( lugar)a) ( de artista) studio; ( de arquitecto) office, studio; ( de abogado) (CS) officeb) (Cin, Rad, TV) studioc) ( en casa) study; ( apartamento) studio apartment3) (Mús, Art) study4) estudios masculino plural (Educ) educationestudios primarios/superiores — primary/higher education
* * *1)a) (Educ) ( actividad)primero está el estudio — your studies o work must come first
b) (investigación, análisis) studyc) (de asunto, caso) considerationestá en o (RPl) a estudio en el Parlamento — it is being considered in parliament
2) ( lugar)a) ( de artista) studio; ( de arquitecto) office, studio; ( de abogado) (CS) officeb) (Cin, Rad, TV) studioc) ( en casa) study; ( apartamento) studio apartment3) (Mús, Art) study4) estudios masculino plural (Educ) educationestudios primarios/superiores — primary/higher education
* * *estudio11 = studio.Ex: The author describes the design of the new studios which aim to be as flexible as possible.
* estudio de cine = film location, film studio.* estudio de grabación = recording studio, sound recording studio.* estudio de música = music studio.* estudio de radio = radio studio.* estudio de televisión = television studio.* estudio discográfico = record studio.* filmar en el estudio = film in + the studio.* grabar en el estudio = film in + the studio.* rodar en el estudio = film in + the studio.estudio22 = review, scholarship, study [studies, -pl.], work, calibration, surveying, analysis [analyses, -pl.].Nota: Proceso de estudio de un todo para encontrar sus partes esenciales y las relaciones existentes entre ellas.Ex: The review is supported by a complete list of LIPs completed or in progess at Aug 88, followed by references to their reports.
Ex: The most important of the functions of librarians is the collection, preservation and affording access to the materials of scholarship.Ex: A study of the major general schemes reveals a wide gulf between theory, as outlined in the previous chapter, and practice, as reflected in the major schemes.Ex: The Classification Research Group (CRG) has been a major force in the development of classification theory, and has made a major contribution towards work on a new general classification scheme.Ex: This requires careful calibration of reader response and the use of as many quantitative indices as possible.Ex: The author describes one effort made to counter this trend, through the surveying of the records of a library and the identification of materials to be preserved.Ex: The operation of investigating a whole with the aim of finding out its essential parts and their relationship to each other is known as analysis.* abandonar los estudios = drop out (from school), drop out of + school.* ámbito de estudio = scope.* área de estudio = study area, study area.* asignatura de estudios = curriculum subject.* beca de estudio(s) = study grant, education grant.* bolsa de estudios = bursary.* campo de estudio = field of study.* centro de apoyo a los programas de estudios = curriculum material center.* centro de estudios = study centre.* comisionar un estudio = commission + study.* compañero de estudios = co-student.* con estudios = schooled, educated, educated.* con estudios superiores = highly educated.* con un nivel de estudios alto = well educated [well-educated].* dejar los estudios = drop out (from school), drop out of + school.* desarrollo del plan de estudios = curriculum development.* disciplina de estudio = field of study.* diseñado para el estudio = curriculum-oriented.* diseño de planes de estudios = curriculum design.* edad de finalización de los estudios = terminal education age.* encargar un estudio = commission + study.* en el estudio = at study.* enseñanza a través del estudio de casos = case-teaching.* espacio reservado para el estudio = study space.* estudiante de bachiller que abandona los estudios = high-school dropout.* estudiante que ha completado los estudios secundarios = high school graduate, high school leaver.* estudiante universitario que abandona los estudios = college dropout.* estudio académico = academic study.* estudio basado en un cuestionario = questionnaire survey.* estudio bibliométrico = bibliometric analysis.* estudio cartográfico = ordnance survey.* estudio cinematográfico = film location, film studio.* estudio clásico = classic study.* estudio comparativo = correlation study.* estudio crítico del estado de la cuestión = review.* estudio cualitativo = qualitative study.* estudio cuantitativo = quantitative study.* estudio de alcance = scoping study.* estudio de arquitectos = architecture firm, architectural firm.* estudio de caso = case study.* estudio de impacto = impact study.* estudio de impacto en el medio ambiente = environmental impact study.* estudio de la productividad = time-and-motion study, time study, motion study.* estudio del estado de la cuestión = survey.* estudio de los himnos = hymnology.* estudio Delphi = Delphi study.* estudio de mercado = market survey, market research, marketing audit, consumer research.* estudio de seguimiento = follow-up study.* estudio de usabilidad = usability study.* estudio de uso = use study.* estudio de usuario = reader survey, consumer survey, customer survey.* estudio de usuarios = user study, marketing audit, user survey.* estudio de usuarios de la biblioteca = library user study.* estudio de viabilidad = demonstration project, feasibility study.* estudio epidemiológico = epidemiological study.* estudio geológico = geological survey.* estudio local = area study.* estudio longitudinal = longitudinal study.* estudio piloto = pilot study, pilot test.* estudio por simulación = simulation study.* estudio regional = area study.* estudios = academic background, course of study, educational career.* estudios africanos = African studies.* estudios afroamericanos = black studies.* estudios culturales = cultural studies.* estudios de administración = management studies.* estudios de auxiliar administrativo = information administration.* estudios de gestión = management science.* estudios de la mujer = women's studies, gender studies.* estudios de la paz y los conflictos = peace and conflict studies.* estudios de licenciatura = graduate work, graduate education.* estudios de literatura clásica = classical studies.* estudios del medio ambiente = environmental studies.* estudios de secretariado = secretarial studies.* estudios de tipografía = typographical studies.* estudios empresariales = business studies.* estudios en el extranjero = study abroad.* estudios europeos = European studies.* estudio sicométrico = psychometric study.* estudios literarios = literary studies.* estudios relacionados con las misiones religiosas = missiology.* estudios sobre la mujer = women's studies, gender studies.* estudios sobre paz y conflictos = peace and conflict studies.* estudios sociales = cultural studies.* estudios socioculturales = cultural studies.* estudio topográfico = surveying.* estudio universitario = academic study.* finalización de los estudios = graduation.* finalizar los estudios de BUP = complete + high school.* grupo de estudio = study circle.* habitación de estudio = private study, study facilities.* institución para el estudio y la conservación del patrimonio cult = heritage organisation.* libro de estudio = study book.* materia de estudio = subject of study.* material de estudio = study material, course material, curriculum material, curriculum resource, study package.* mesa de estudio = carrel, study table.* mesa individual de estudio = study carrel.* metodología de estudio = study skills.* nivel de estudios = educational background, level of education.* objeto de estudio = subject, object of study, under study.* partitura de estudio = miniature score.* permiso de estudios = study leave.* persona que elabora el plan de estudios = syllabus maker.* plan de estudios = curriculum [curricula, -pl.], syllabus [syllabi/syllabuses, -pl.], school curriculum, study plan.* planes de estudios = syllabi.* primer año de estudios superiores = freshman year.* programa de estudio = programme of study.* programa de estudios = course brochure, educational program(me), school program(me), study program(me), syllabus [syllabi/syllabuses, -pl.], education programme.* programa de estudios común = common core syllabus.* programas de estudios = syllabi.* realización de los estudios escolares en casa = homeschooling [home schooling].* realizar estudios = do + study.* realizar un estudio = carry out + survey, conduct + survey, undertake + study, undertake + survey, conduct + study.* realizar un estudio evaluativo = conduct + review.* reforma del plan de estudios = curriculum development.* relacionado con los estudios = course-related.* relativo a los estudios de diplomatura = undergrad (undergraduate).* relativo a los estudios de licenciatura = grad (graduate), postgraduate [post-graduate].* sala de estudio = study facilities, study room.* sin estudios = ill-educated.* técnicas de estudio = study skills.* tema de estudio = study area, under study.* terminar los estudios = graduate.* tiempo de estudio = study time.* unidad de estudio = unit of study, study unit.* viaje de estudio = study trip.* zona de estudio = study area, study facilities.* * *A1 ( Educ)(actividad): primero está el estudio y después la diversión your studies o work o studying must come first, then you can enjoy yourself2(investigación, análisis): el estudio de la fauna de la zona the study of the area's faunarealizó un estudio sobre la mortalidad infantil she carried out a survey o study on infant mortalityle hicieron un estudio hormonal she had a series of hormone tests done3 (de un asunto, caso) considerationle presentaron un nuevo proyecto para su estudio they put forward a new plan for his considerationestá en o ( RPl) a estudio en el Parlamento it is being considered in parliamentCompuestos:field studymarket researchB (lugar)la película se realizará íntegramente en estudios the movie will be made entirely in the studio3 (en una casa) study4 (apartamento) studio apartment o ( BrE) flatCompuestos:recording studiophotographic studioC1 ( Mús) study, étude2 ( Art) studyestudios primarios/superiores primary/higher educationestá cursando estudios de especialización she is doing her specializationse sacrificó para darle estudios a su hijo she made a lot of sacrifices to give her son an education o to put her son through schoolpara ese trabajo no hace falta tener estudios you don't need a degree for that job¿por qué dejaste los estudios? why did you give up your studies?, why did you quit school? ( AmE)* * *
Del verbo estudiar: ( conjugate estudiar)
estudio es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
estudió es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
estudiar
estudio
estudiar ( conjugate estudiar) verbo transitivo
1
( en la universidad) to study, read (frml);◊ ¿qué carrera estudió? what subject did he do at college/university?
2 ( observar) ‹rostro/comportamiento› to study
3 (considerar, analizar) ‹mercado/situación/proyecto› to study;
‹ propuesta› to study, consider;
‹ causas› to look into, investigate
verbo intransitivo
to study;
debes estudio más you must work harder;
dejó de estudio a los 15 años she left school at 15;
estudio para algo to study to be sth
estudiarse verbo pronominal ( enf) ‹ lección› to study;
‹ papel› to learn
estudio sustantivo masculino
1a) (Educ) ( actividad):
2 ( lugar)
( de arquitecto) office, studiob) (Cin, Rad, TV) studio
( apartamento) studio apartment
3
estudios superiores higher education;
quiso darle estudios a su hijo she wanted to give her son an education;
tener estudios superiores to have a degree;
dejar los estudios to give up one's studies
estudiar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to study: estudia para abogado, she's studying to become a lawyer ➣ Ver nota en study
estudio sustantivo masculino
1 study: todas las tardes dedico tres horas al estudio, I spend three hours studying every afternoon
2 (investigación) research
estudio de mercado, market research
3 (sala) studio
estudio fotográfico, photographic studio
4 (apartamento) studio (flat)
5 Educ estudios, studies
(educación) education
tener estudios, to have an education
' estudio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
geológica
- geológico
- grafológica
- grafológico
- interdisciplinaria
- interdisciplinario
- investigación
- robar
- sanctasanctórum
- cabina
- concienzudo
- despacho
- detallado
- detenido
- ecológico
- elaborar
- especialidad
- estadística
- estudiar
- examen
- fondo
- hispanismo
- laguna
- objeto
- terminar
English:
bedsit
- bedsitter
- breakdown
- case study
- comprehensive
- consideration
- den
- economics
- ESL
- ESP
- horticulture
- invalid
- market research
- pilot study
- province
- review
- rocketry
- studio
- studio flat
- study
- wide-ranging
- case
- curriculum
- feasibility
- field
- investigation
- market
- survey
* * *estudio nm1. [actividad] study;ha dedicado muchos años al estudio del tema she has studied the subject for many years;estar en estudio to be under considerationestudio de mercado [técnica] market research; [investigación] market survey2. [investigación] study;ha publicado un estudio sobre el tema she's published a study on the subject;hacer un estudio de algo to survey sth;le hicieron un estudio de la flora intestinal they investigated the composition of her intestinal floraestudio de campo field study;estudio geológico geological survey;estudio de impacto ambiental environmental impact study;estudio de viabilidad feasibility study3.estudios [educación] studies;el niño va muy bien en los estudios the boy is doing very well at school;al terminar sus estudios en Viena, viajó a París on completing his studies in Vienna he travelled to Paris;dar estudios a alguien to pay for o finance sb's education;dejó los estudios a los quince años he left school at fifteen;tener estudios to be educatedestudios de posgrado postgraduate studies o education;estudios primarios primary education;estudios secundarios secondary education;estudios superiores higher education4. [despacho] study;[de fotógrafo, pintor, arquitecto] studio; RP [de abogado] practice5. [apartamento] studio Br flat o US apartment6. Cine, Rad & TV studio;los estudios de la Metro the Metro studiosestudio de grabación recording studio7. Arte study8. Mús étude, study;estudio para piano piano study* * *m1 disciplina study2 apartamento studio, Brstudio flat4:estudios (universitarios) pl university education sg ;tener estudios have a degree;una persona sin estudios a person with no formal education* * *estudio nm1) : study2) : studio3) estudios nmpl: studies, education* * *estudio n2. (apartamento) studio flat3. (de televisión, cine) studio -
24 ПРОЦЕДУРНАЯ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ
@ заседаниеmeeting (formal) @ открытое заседание public, open meeting @ закрытое заседание closed, private meeting @ пленарное заседание (coll. пленарка) plenary meeting @ встреча на высшем уровне summit meeting @ съезд convention/conference @ конференция conference @ правление board of governors @ совет директоров board of directors @комитет committee @комиссия commission @ подкомитет, подкомиссия subcommittee, subcommission @ специальный комитет ad hoc committee @ редакционный комитет drafting/editorial committee @ круглый стол round table @ рабочая группа working group/party @собраться to meet @заседать to hold a meeting @ собрать заседание to call/convene a meeting @ учредить комитет @создать комитет to establish/found/set up a committee @ назначить представителя to appoint a representative @ поручить комитету to charge/entrust a committee with something @ торжественное открытие formal opening/ceremony/session @ заключительное заседание final/closing meeting @ совместное заседание joint meeting @ постоянный комитет main standing committee @ зарегистрироваться на конгрессе to register at a congress @ принимающая страна host country @ приглашающая страна inviting country @составить программу работы @выработать программу работы to draw up the program of work @крайний срок @срок подачи deadline @ заблаговременно in sufficient time/early enough/in good time @ штаб-квартира headquarters @ официальные языки official languages @ рабочие языки working languages @ условия назначения terms and conditions of appointment @ суточные per diem @ командировочные travel, subsistence allowance @ конституция constitution @ устав charter @ Заключительный акт Final Act @ пакт covenant, pact @ договор treaty @соглашение @договоренность agreement @декларация @заявление declaration @ кодекс code @ правила процедуры rules of procedure @ предварительная повестка дня provisional agenda @ включить в повестку дня to include on the agenda @ быть в повестке дня to appear on the agenda @ пункт повестки дня agenda item @ прочие вопросы @разное other matters/other business/ miscellaneous @ расписание timetable/schedule @ резолюция resolution @ проект (резолюции, доклада) draft (resolution, report) @ решение decision @ доклад report @ совместный(доклад, резолюция) joint@ основной доклад keynote address @ вступительное слово/речь opening address @ заключительное слово closing/concluding remarks @ рабочий документ working paper/document @ тезисы доклада abstract @ обзор survey, review @ выступлениеstatementSyn:сообщение заявление@ сводка abstract, summarySyn:конспект, резюме@ вести протокол to take the minutes @стенографический отчет @полный отчетverbatim record@ машинописное бюро typing pool @ список ораторов list of speakers @ поправка amendment @ добавление addition, addendum @ вставка insertion @ исключение @ изъятие deletion @ разрабатывать produce, prepare, draw up, draft aSyn:подготавливать@ редактировать документ document @ рассматривать ( документ) to consider @ первоначальный текст original text @ договаривающиеся стороны contracting parties @ быть участником конвенции to be a party to a convention @ присоединиться к конвенции to adhere/accede to a convention @ присоединение accession @ с оговорками with reservations @ безоговорочно without reservations, unconditionally @ войти в силу @ вступить в силу to enter into force @ осуществлять конвенцию to apply, implement, put into effect a convention @ выполнять положения конвенции to implement provisions @ нарушать положения (конвенции) to violate provisions (of a convention) @ глава делегации head of delegation @ Полномочный представитель Plenipotentiary representative @ с правом голоса with a right to vote @ наблюдатель observer @ заместитель deputy @ ревизор auditor @ должным образом уполномоченный duly authorized @ присутствовать to attend/be present @ членство membership @ состав (делегации, конференции)composition/membership (of a delegation, conference)@ действовать в качестве to act as... @ полномочияcredentials@ верительные грамоты credentials @ должность post/job/position @ должностные лица officials @ председатель chairman, president @ госпожа председатель Madam Chairman/Chairwoman @ заместитель председателя vice-chairman, vice-president @ докладчик rapporteur @ срок полномочий term of office @ занимать должность to be in office @ казначей treasurer @ сотрудники staff/associates @ зал заседаний conference hall @ трибуна rostrum @ поставить вопрос на голосование to put a question to a vote @ приступить к голосованию to proceed to a vote @ голосовать to vote @ воздержаться to abstain @ голос за affirmative vote, in favor @ голос против negative vote, opposed @ равенство голосов a tie vote @ единодушное голосование unanimous vote @ тайное голосование secret ballot @ поименное голосование roll call vote @ избирательный бюллетень ballot paper @ требуемое большинство required majority @ выступить по мотивам голосования to explain one's vote @ выставить свою кандидатуру to put forward/propose one's candidacy @ предложить кандидатуру to nominate @ отложить (голосование, заседание) to defer, postpone @отсрочить(голосование, заседание) to defer, postpone@ наложить вето to veto @ заседание объявляется открытым the meeting is called to order @ комитет заседает the committee is meeting @ объявить дискуссию открытой to declare the discussion open @возобновить ПРОЦЕДУРНАЯ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ заседание - to resume meetingПРОЦЕДУРНАЯ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ прения - to resume debate@ общие прения general debate @ перейти к существу вопроса to come to the substance of the matter @ предоставить слово to call upon/give the floor @ слово предоставляется делегату... to recognize @ просить слова to ask for the floor @ дать слово to give the floor to @ получить слово to get, have the floor @ выступать to take the floor/speak @ Кто еще хотел бы выступить? Are there any other speakers/ Would anyone else like (to take) the floor/ Are there any further contributions? @ оставить за собой право ответить позже to reserve one's right to answer at a later stage @ комитету представлен доклад... the Committee has a report before it/a report has been presented/ submitted to the Committee @произнести речь @выступить to make/deliver a speech @ первым выступит профессор Иванов Professor Ivanov is the/our first speaker/ The first speaker is Professor Ivanov @ высказать замечание to make a remark/comment @ мое правительство поручило мне... My government has instructed me... @ сделать заявление в личном порядке to make a statement in a personal capacity @ выступая в качестве... I speak in my capacity as... @ принимать во внимание to take into consideration @ возражать to object @ возражение objection @ ссылаться на (статью, документ) to invoke/refer to an article, document @ в порядке уточнения on a point of clarification @ принимать @ одобрить (предложение, доклад) to adopt/approve a proposal, report @ внести предложение @ внести резолюцию to make a proposal/submit a motion/to move @ внести поправку to make an amendment @ выступить по порядку ведения заседания to raise a point of order @ высказаться за предложение to speak for a proposal @ высказаться против предложенияto speak against a proposal@ снять предложение to withdraw a proposal @ закрыть заседание to close/adjourn a meeting @ принимаетadopts (e.g. program of action)@ утверждает adopts (e.g. program of action) @ признает, что acknowledges that @ утверждает, что @подчеркивает, чтоaffirms that@ обращается с призывом к appeals to @ назначает appoints Mr. X as @ выражая признательность appreciating @ заверяет народ и правительство assures the people and government @ в своем глубоком сочувствии deep of its sympathy @ сознавая aware of @ учитывая @ принимая во внимание bearing in mind/considering @ считает, что @ полагает, что believes/considers that @ по-прежнему считая, что continuing to believe that @ будучи озабоченным тем, что concerned about @ осуждает condemns @ поздравляет congratulates @ будучи убежден в том, что convinced that @ объявляет, чтоdeclares that@ заявляет, чтоstates that@ провозглашает, что states, proclaims that @ выражает глубокое сожаление deeply deplores/regrets that @ с сожалением отмечает, что regrets/notes with regret @ объявляетdesignates (i.e. June X as World X Day)@провозглашает proclaims (i.e. June X as World X Day) @ констатирует, что determines that @ обращает внимание на draws attention to @ подчеркивает emphasizes/stresses/underlines @ поощряет @ поддерживает encourages, supports @ одобряет endorses (i.e. proposal) @ создает @ учреждает establishes (an organization) @ выражает свое expresses itsудовлетворение - satisfactionпризнательность - appreciation благодарность - gratitude озабоченность - concern сочувствие - sympathy сожаление - regret решимость - determination @ выражает мнение, что expresses the view that @ принимает сведению notes (having noted) @ приняв к сведениюhaving noted@ настаивает на том, чтобы insists that @ настоятельно призывает urgently requests @ руководствуясь inspired by, guided by @ предлагаетproposes@ проситinvites, requests@ призывает calls on @ ожидает с интересом @ надеется looks forward to @ вновь подчеркивает @ вновь заявляет reaffirms @ поручает entrusts/authorize @Словарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > ПРОЦЕДУРНАЯ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ
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25 presentar
v.1 to present.Ella presenta soluciones She presents solutions.Ella le presenta a Ricardo un regalo She presents Richard a gift.Ellos presentan a los candidatos They present=field the candidates.2 to make (ofrecer) (disculpas, excusas).3 to introduce (person).me presentó a sus amigos she introduced me to her friendsme parece que no nos han presentado I don't think we've been introducedJuan, te presento a Carmen Juan, this is Carmenpermítame que le presente a nuestra directora allow me to introduce you to our manager, I'd like you to meet our managerElla presenta a los invitados She introduces the guests.4 to have, to show (tener) (aspecto).presenta difícil solución it's going to be difficult to solveElla le presenta al público una obra She shows the public a play.5 to host, to be the host of, to act as a compere for, to compere.Ella presenta el programa She hosts the program.* * *2 (entregar) to hand in3 (sacar al mercado) to launch4 (personas) to introduce■ ¿te han presentado ya? have you been introduced yet?5 TELEVISIÓN to present6 (ofrecer) to offer, show1 (comparecer) to turn up2 (para elección) to stand; (en un concurso) to enter\presentar una denuncia to lodge a complaintpresentar una ponencia to present a paper* * *verb1) to present2) introduce3) submit4) make a gift•* * *1. VT1) (=enseñar, exponer) [gen] to present; [+ moción, candidato] to propose, put forward; [+ pruebas, informe] to submit; [+ documento, pasaporte] to showpresentar una propuesta — to make o present a proposal
presentar algo al cobro o al pago — (Com) to present sth for payment
2) (=entregar) to hand inpresentó la dimisión — he handed in his resignation, he resigned
3) (=mostrar) [+ señal, síntoma] to show4) (=exponer al público) [+ producto, disco, libro] to launch5) [en espectáculo] [+ obra] to perform; [+ actor, actriz] to present, feature6) (=ser presentador de) [+ programa televisivo] to present, hostJ. Pérez presenta el programa — the programme is presented o hosted by J. Pérez
¿quién presenta ahora las noticias de las nueve? — who presents o reads the nine o'clock news now?
7) (=tener) to haveel ferrocarril presenta ventajas evidentes — the train offers o has obvious advantages
8) [+ persona] to introducea ver si te presento a mi amiga Jacinta — you must meet my friend Jacinta, I must introduce you to my friend Jacinta
ser presentada en sociedad — to come out, make one's début
9) (=ofrecer) [+ disculpa] to offer, makele presento mis consideraciones — [en carta] yours faithfully
10) (Mil)presentar batalla — (lit) to draw up in battle array; (fig) to offer resistance
2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) ( mostrar) to presentb) ( exponer por primera vez) <libro/disco> to launch; < obra de arte> to present; < colección de moda> to present, exhibitc) ( entregar) <informe/solicitud> to submitle presenté el pasaporte — I gave him my passport, I presented my passport to him
d) ( enseñar) to showpresentaron una denuncia — they reported the matter (to the police), they made an official complaint
f) (Mil)2) (TV) < programa> to present, introduce3) < persona> to introducete presento a mi hermana — I'd like you to meet my sister, this is my sister
4) <novedad/ventaja> to offer; < síntoma> to show2.presentarse v pron1)a) ( en lugar) to turn up, appearb) (a concurso, examen)se presentó al examen — she took o (BrE) sat the exam
se presenta como candidato independiente — he's running (AmE) o (BrE) he's standing as an independent
2) dificultad/problema to arise, come up, crop up (colloq)si se me presenta la oportunidad — if I get the opportunity, if the opportunity arises
3) ( darse a conocer) to introduce oneself* * *= bring to + the attention, display, draw, exhibit, expose, feature, introduce, open up, pose, present, provide with, set out, subject, throw up, render, put before, produce, table, submit, unveil, showcase, surrender, lay out, roll out, construct, tender, come up with, report, bring forward, deliver.Ex. Many displays are changed from time to time (for example, once a week, or once a month) so that various sections of the stock may be brought to the attention of the library's public over a period of time.Ex. The command function 'DISPLAY' is used to display a list of alphabetically linked terms.Ex. For example, when setting up the format for records in a data base, the user can draw a form on the screen, complete with headings for each field, and then, the data is entered into the form.Ex. These headings, therefore, in addition to exhibiting a bias in favor of the majority, actively hinder access.Ex. The reputation of the information and its authority will be more exposed to examination.Ex. Other catalogues and bibliographies only feature added entries under title where it is deemed that the author main entry heading is not likely to be obvious to the users.Ex. The report introduced a range of ideas which have influenced subsequent code construction.Ex. Here is a key paper by a non librarian which opens up a new and constructive approach to library purpose.Ex. This illustrates the puzzle that differential policies pose for users.Ex. Informative abstract present as much as possible of the quantitative or qualitative information contained in a document.Ex. Many libraries provide users with photocopies of contents pages of selected journals.Ex. A short score is a sketch made by a composer for an ensemble work, with the main features of the composition set out on a few staves.Ex. Author abstracts are the abstracts prepared by authors of the document that has been subjected to abstracting.Ex. Demands from clients will often throw up an occurrence of similar problems, revealing perhaps the operation of an injustice, the lack of an amenity in the neighbourhood, or simply bureaucratic inefficiency.Ex. The eventuality is, admittedly, remote but it is also necessary to render the imprint statement in this amount of detail.Ex. The art of documentation is the process by which the documentalist is enabled to put before the creative specialist the existing literature bearing on the subject of his investigation.Ex. The perfect librarian may be defined as one who produces the information a reader requires as soon as the reader asks for it.Ex. This list indicates the dates the reports were tabled and any further action take.Ex. Most publications are probably free distribution material and whilst that does not absolve the publishers from the obligation of legal deposit it is probable that many local authorities do not submit their materials.Ex. Here is an institution which knows, neither rank nor wealth within its walls, which stops the ignorant peer or the ignorant monarch at its threshold, and declines to unveil to him its treasures, or to waste time upon him, and yet welcomes the workman according to his knowledge or thirst for knowledge.Ex. Officially known as SOLEX, this exhibition showcases mainly IT based products for the legal profession.Ex. The book's date label is stamped in the usual way, and the reader must surrender one token for each book he is borrowing.Ex. There should be plenty of space to lay out all the books attractively and for people to move about without feeling too crowded.Ex. I don't need to tell those of you from higher education institutions how course management systems are starting to really proliferate and roll out in higher education.Ex. It is argued that newspaper reporting of bigamy constructs bigamists as being a threat to the institution of marriage.Ex. This address was tendered at the State Library of Victoria, Nov 88, to mark the retirement of Professor Jean Whyte.Ex. Derfer corroborated her: 'I'd be very proud of you if you could come up with the means to draft a model collection development policy'.Ex. Criticism is not appropriate in a style which aims to report, but not comment upon the content of the original document.Ex. They also intend to bring forward legislation to provide that the maximum amount of compensation should be £500,000.Ex. The result could be termed a full-provision data base -- a data base including both text and reference, and delivering much more than the 2 added together.----* argumento que presenta sólo un punto de vista = one-sided argument.* oportunidad + presentarse = opportunity + knock, opportunity + present + Reflexivo.* presentar Algo desde una nueva óptica = throw + Nombre + in a new light, throw + new light on.* presentar Algo desde un nuevo ángulo = throw + new light on.* presentar argumentos a favor = make + a case for.* presentar argumentos a favor de = present + arguments in favour of.* presentar como = make + Nombre + out to be.* presentar conclusiones = provide + conclusions.* presentar conocimiento = package + knowledge.* presentar deficiencias = fall + short.* presentar de manera esquemática = give + overview.* presentar dentro de = package.* presentar Algo desde una nueva perspectiva = shed + new light on, throw + new light on.* presentar detalladamente = spread out.* presentar dificultad = present + difficulty.* presentar en forma de tabla = tabulate.* presentar en pantalla = call up, print + online, bring up, screen.* presentar evidencia a favor de = present + case for.* presentar información = submit + information, package + information.* presentar información de varios modos = repackage + information.* presentar la evolución de Algo = chart + the history.* presentar la oportunidad = allow + the opportunity to.* presentar las pruebas ante = lay + evidence before.* presentar peligro = present + danger.* presentar + Posesivo + respetos = pay + Posesivo + respects.* presentar posibilidades = present + possibilities, open (up) + avenues.* presentar problemas = present + problems.* presentar pruebas = give + evidence.* presentar resultados = report + findings, report + results.* presentar reto = defy.* presentarse = come in, manifest + Reflexivo, turn up, show up, unfold, come forward, come with.* presentarse a = stand for.* presentarse a una elección = stand for + election, run for + election.* presentarse desde una nueva perspectiva = stand in + a new light.* presentar (según) = cast (in/into).* presentarse una ocasión = occasion + arise.* presentar similitudes = share + similarities.* presentar una amenaza = pose + threat.* presentar una comunicación = deliver + paper, give + paper, present + paper.* presentar una contribución = present + contribution.* presentar una demanda = file + suit against, file + lawsuit against.* presentar una demanda judicial = take + legal action, take + legal proceedings.* presentar una denuncia = file + police report.* presentar una factura = submit + bill.* presentar una idea = make + point, put forward + idea, offer + perspective, present + idea.* presentar una imagen = present + picture, paint + a picture, present + an image.* presentar una oportunidad = afford + opportunity.* presentar una petición = submit + petition.* presentar una ponencia = give + paper, read + paper.* presentar una propuesta = submit + proposal.* presentar una queja = register + complaint, lodge + complaint, file + complaint, file + grievance.* presentar una reclamación = enter + complaint, place + claim, file + complaint.* presentar un argumento = advance + argument.* presentar una solicitud = submit + application.* presentar un aspecto = present + a picture.* presentar un aspecto de = wear + a look of.* presentar una visión = present + a picture.* presentar una visión global = give + overview, present + an overview, present + an overall picture, give + an overall picture, overview.* presentar un buen aspecto = look + good.* presentar un dilema = present + dilemma.* presentar un frente común = present + common front.* presentar un informe = give + a report, present + report.* presentar un obstáculo = pose + obstacle.* presentar un peligro = pose + danger.* presentar un problema = pose + problem, air + problem.* presentar un programa = present + programme.* presentar un proyecto = submit + project, present + project.* presentar un resumen = give + summary.* presentar un reto = present + challenge, provide + challenge.* presentar un riesgo = pose + risk.* presentar vestigios de = bear + traces of.* seleccionar y presentar en un documento = package.* volver a presentar = resubmit [re-submit].* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) ( mostrar) to presentb) ( exponer por primera vez) <libro/disco> to launch; < obra de arte> to present; < colección de moda> to present, exhibitc) ( entregar) <informe/solicitud> to submitle presenté el pasaporte — I gave him my passport, I presented my passport to him
d) ( enseñar) to showpresentaron una denuncia — they reported the matter (to the police), they made an official complaint
f) (Mil)2) (TV) < programa> to present, introduce3) < persona> to introducete presento a mi hermana — I'd like you to meet my sister, this is my sister
4) <novedad/ventaja> to offer; < síntoma> to show2.presentarse v pron1)a) ( en lugar) to turn up, appearb) (a concurso, examen)se presentó al examen — she took o (BrE) sat the exam
se presenta como candidato independiente — he's running (AmE) o (BrE) he's standing as an independent
2) dificultad/problema to arise, come up, crop up (colloq)si se me presenta la oportunidad — if I get the opportunity, if the opportunity arises
3) ( darse a conocer) to introduce oneself* * *presentar (según)(v.) = cast (in/into)Ex: Which of the following subject analyses is cast in the citation order PMEST?.
= bring to + the attention, display, draw, exhibit, expose, feature, introduce, open up, pose, present, provide with, set out, subject, throw up, render, put before, produce, table, submit, unveil, showcase, surrender, lay out, roll out, construct, tender, come up with, report, bring forward, deliver.Ex: Many displays are changed from time to time (for example, once a week, or once a month) so that various sections of the stock may be brought to the attention of the library's public over a period of time.
Ex: The command function 'DISPLAY' is used to display a list of alphabetically linked terms.Ex: For example, when setting up the format for records in a data base, the user can draw a form on the screen, complete with headings for each field, and then, the data is entered into the form.Ex: These headings, therefore, in addition to exhibiting a bias in favor of the majority, actively hinder access.Ex: The reputation of the information and its authority will be more exposed to examination.Ex: Other catalogues and bibliographies only feature added entries under title where it is deemed that the author main entry heading is not likely to be obvious to the users.Ex: The report introduced a range of ideas which have influenced subsequent code construction.Ex: Here is a key paper by a non librarian which opens up a new and constructive approach to library purpose.Ex: This illustrates the puzzle that differential policies pose for users.Ex: Informative abstract present as much as possible of the quantitative or qualitative information contained in a document.Ex: Many libraries provide users with photocopies of contents pages of selected journals.Ex: A short score is a sketch made by a composer for an ensemble work, with the main features of the composition set out on a few staves.Ex: Author abstracts are the abstracts prepared by authors of the document that has been subjected to abstracting.Ex: Demands from clients will often throw up an occurrence of similar problems, revealing perhaps the operation of an injustice, the lack of an amenity in the neighbourhood, or simply bureaucratic inefficiency.Ex: The eventuality is, admittedly, remote but it is also necessary to render the imprint statement in this amount of detail.Ex: The art of documentation is the process by which the documentalist is enabled to put before the creative specialist the existing literature bearing on the subject of his investigation.Ex: The perfect librarian may be defined as one who produces the information a reader requires as soon as the reader asks for it.Ex: This list indicates the dates the reports were tabled and any further action take.Ex: Most publications are probably free distribution material and whilst that does not absolve the publishers from the obligation of legal deposit it is probable that many local authorities do not submit their materials.Ex: Here is an institution which knows, neither rank nor wealth within its walls, which stops the ignorant peer or the ignorant monarch at its threshold, and declines to unveil to him its treasures, or to waste time upon him, and yet welcomes the workman according to his knowledge or thirst for knowledge.Ex: Officially known as SOLEX, this exhibition showcases mainly IT based products for the legal profession.Ex: The book's date label is stamped in the usual way, and the reader must surrender one token for each book he is borrowing.Ex: There should be plenty of space to lay out all the books attractively and for people to move about without feeling too crowded.Ex: I don't need to tell those of you from higher education institutions how course management systems are starting to really proliferate and roll out in higher education.Ex: It is argued that newspaper reporting of bigamy constructs bigamists as being a threat to the institution of marriage.Ex: This address was tendered at the State Library of Victoria, Nov 88, to mark the retirement of Professor Jean Whyte.Ex: Derfer corroborated her: 'I'd be very proud of you if you could come up with the means to draft a model collection development policy'.Ex: Criticism is not appropriate in a style which aims to report, but not comment upon the content of the original document.Ex: They also intend to bring forward legislation to provide that the maximum amount of compensation should be £500,000.Ex: The result could be termed a full-provision data base -- a data base including both text and reference, and delivering much more than the 2 added together.* argumento que presenta sólo un punto de vista = one-sided argument.* oportunidad + presentarse = opportunity + knock, opportunity + present + Reflexivo.* presentar Algo desde una nueva óptica = throw + Nombre + in a new light, throw + new light on.* presentar Algo desde un nuevo ángulo = throw + new light on.* presentar argumentos a favor = make + a case for.* presentar argumentos a favor de = present + arguments in favour of.* presentar como = make + Nombre + out to be.* presentar conclusiones = provide + conclusions.* presentar conocimiento = package + knowledge.* presentar deficiencias = fall + short.* presentar de manera esquemática = give + overview.* presentar dentro de = package.* presentar Algo desde una nueva perspectiva = shed + new light on, throw + new light on.* presentar detalladamente = spread out.* presentar dificultad = present + difficulty.* presentar en forma de tabla = tabulate.* presentar en pantalla = call up, print + online, bring up, screen.* presentar evidencia a favor de = present + case for.* presentar información = submit + information, package + information.* presentar información de varios modos = repackage + information.* presentar la evolución de Algo = chart + the history.* presentar la oportunidad = allow + the opportunity to.* presentar las pruebas ante = lay + evidence before.* presentar peligro = present + danger.* presentar + Posesivo + respetos = pay + Posesivo + respects.* presentar posibilidades = present + possibilities, open (up) + avenues.* presentar problemas = present + problems.* presentar pruebas = give + evidence.* presentar resultados = report + findings, report + results.* presentar reto = defy.* presentarse = come in, manifest + Reflexivo, turn up, show up, unfold, come forward, come with.* presentarse a = stand for.* presentarse a una elección = stand for + election, run for + election.* presentarse desde una nueva perspectiva = stand in + a new light.* presentar (según) = cast (in/into).* presentarse una ocasión = occasion + arise.* presentar similitudes = share + similarities.* presentar una amenaza = pose + threat.* presentar una comunicación = deliver + paper, give + paper, present + paper.* presentar una contribución = present + contribution.* presentar una demanda = file + suit against, file + lawsuit against.* presentar una demanda judicial = take + legal action, take + legal proceedings.* presentar una denuncia = file + police report.* presentar una factura = submit + bill.* presentar una idea = make + point, put forward + idea, offer + perspective, present + idea.* presentar una imagen = present + picture, paint + a picture, present + an image.* presentar una oportunidad = afford + opportunity.* presentar una petición = submit + petition.* presentar una ponencia = give + paper, read + paper.* presentar una propuesta = submit + proposal.* presentar una queja = register + complaint, lodge + complaint, file + complaint, file + grievance.* presentar una reclamación = enter + complaint, place + claim, file + complaint.* presentar un argumento = advance + argument.* presentar una solicitud = submit + application.* presentar un aspecto = present + a picture.* presentar un aspecto de = wear + a look of.* presentar una visión = present + a picture.* presentar una visión global = give + overview, present + an overview, present + an overall picture, give + an overall picture, overview.* presentar un buen aspecto = look + good.* presentar un dilema = present + dilemma.* presentar un frente común = present + common front.* presentar un informe = give + a report, present + report.* presentar un obstáculo = pose + obstacle.* presentar un peligro = pose + danger.* presentar un problema = pose + problem, air + problem.* presentar un programa = present + programme.* presentar un proyecto = submit + project, present + project.* presentar un resumen = give + summary.* presentar un reto = present + challenge, provide + challenge.* presentar un riesgo = pose + risk.* presentar vestigios de = bear + traces of.* seleccionar y presentar en un documento = package.* volver a presentar = resubmit [re-submit].* * *presentar [A1 ]vtA1 (mostrar) to presentun producto bien presentado a well-presented product2 (exponer por primera vez) ‹libro/disco› to launchpresentó sus nuevos cuadros she presented her new paintingspresentará su colección de otoño en Londres he will present o exhibit his autumn collection in Londonel nuevo XS34 se presentará al público en el salón de Turín the new XS34 will be on display (to the public) for the first time at the Turin show3 (entregar) ‹informe/solicitud› to submitle presenté el pasaporte para que me lo sellara I gave him my passport for stamping, I presented my passport to him for stampingtengo que presentar los planes mañana I have to submit o present the plans tomorrow4 (enseñar) to showhay que presentar el carné para entrar you have to show your membership card to get in5 ‹disculpas/excusas› to makefui a presentar mis respetos I went to pay my respectspresentó su dimisión she handed in o submitted her resignation, she resignedpienso presentar una queja I intend filing o making a complaintpresentaron una denuncia they reported the matter (to the police), they made an official complaintpresentar pruebas to present evidencepresentar cargos to bring chargespresentar una demanda to bring a lawsuit6 ( Mil):presentar armas to present armsB (TV) ‹programa› to present, introduceC [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] ‹persona› to introduceel director presentó al conferenciante the director introduced the speakerme presentó a su familia he introduced me to his familyte presento a mi hermana I'd like you to meet my sister/this is my sisterD(mostrar, ofrecer): el nuevo modelo presenta algunas novedades the latest model has o offers some new featurespresenta muchas ventajas para el consumidor it offers the consumer many advantagesel paciente no presentaba síntomas de intoxicación the patient showed no signs of food poisoningel cadáver presenta un impacto de bala en el costado ( frml); there is a bullet wound in the side of the body, the body has a bullet wound in the sideA1 (en un lugar) to turn up, appearse presentó en casa sin avisar he turned up o showed up o appeared at the house unexpectedlyse presentó (como) voluntario he volunteeredse presentó voluntariamente a la policía he turned himself in to the policetendrá que presentarse ante el juez he will have to appear before the judge2me presenté al concurso I entered the competitionse presenta como candidato independiente he's an independent candidate, he's running as an independent ( AmE), he's standing as an independent ( BrE)se presentó para el cargo de director he applied for the post of directorB «dificultad/problema» to arise, come up, crop up ( colloq)estaré allí salvo que se presente algún impedimento I'll be there unless something crops up o comes upsi se me presenta la oportunidad if I get the opportunity, if the opportunity arisesel futuro se presenta prometedor the future looks promisingel asunto se presenta muy mal things are looking very badC (darse a conocer) to introduce oneselfpermítame que me presente allow me to introduce myselfpresentarse en sociedad to make one's debut (in society)* * *
presentar ( conjugate presentar) verbo transitivo
1
‹ obra de arte› to present;
‹ colección de moda› to present, exhibit
‹ trabajo› to hand in;
‹ renuncia› to hand in, submit
‹ queja› to file, make;
‹ cargos› to bring;◊ presentaron una denuncia they reported the matter (to the police), they made an official complaint;
presentar pruebas to present evidencef) (Mil):
2 (TV) ‹ programa› to present, introduce
3 ‹ persona› to introduce;
4 ‹novedad/ventaja› to offer;
‹ síntoma› to show
presentarse verbo pronominal
1
‹ a concurso› to enter sth;
‹ a elecciones› to take part in sth;◊ se presenta como candidato independiente he's running (AmE) o (BrE) he's standing as an independent;
presentarse para un cargo to apply for a post
2 [dificultad/problema] to arise, come up;
[ oportunidad] to arise
3 ( darse a conocer) to introduce oneself
presentar verbo transitivo
1 (un programa, pruebas, etc) to present
2 (un producto) to launch
3 (a una persona) to introduce
4 (síntomas, características, etc) to have, show
5 (disculpas) to give, present
(condolencias) to give, pay
6 (la dimisión) to hand in
7 (una queja) to file, make
' presentar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alegar
- compeler
- convenir
- dimisión
- esquema
- revestir
- dar
- demanda
- denuncia
- introducir
- licitar
- moción
- queja
- querella
- renuncia
English:
bring forward
- charge
- claim
- field
- file
- hand in
- host
- introduce
- lay
- lodge
- make out
- model
- pay
- present
- press
- produce
- put in
- put on
- put up
- register
- render
- replay
- report
- represent
- rerun
- respect
- serve up
- set out
- show
- slant
- star
- submit
- table
- this
- bring
- come
- display
- enter
- exhibit
- float
- hand
- notice
- propose
- put
- retake
- sponsor
- tender
* * *♦ vt1. [mostrar, entregar] to present;[dimisión] to tender, to hand in; [tesis] to hand in, to submit; [pruebas, propuesta] to submit; [recurso, denuncia] to lodge; [solicitud] to make; [moción] to propose;presente su pasaporte en la ventanilla show your passport at the window;presentar cargos/una demanda contra alguien to bring charges/an action against sb;¡presenten armas! [en ejército] present arms!;es un trabajo muy bien presentado it is a very well presented piece of work2. [dar a conocer] to introduce;me presentó a sus amigos she introduced me to her friends;Juan, te presento a Carmen Juan, this is Carmen;me parece que no nos han presentado I don't think we've been introduced;permítame que le presente a nuestra directora allow me to introduce you to our manager, I'd like you to meet our manager;no se conocían, pero yo los presenté they didn't know each other, but I introduced them (to each other)3. [anunciar] [programa de radio o televisión] to present;[espectáculo] to compere;la mujer que presenta el telediario the woman who reads the news on TV4. [proponer para competición] [obra] to enter;presentar una novela a un premio literario to enter a novel for a literary prize;presentar una película a concurso to enter a film at a film festival;presentar a alguien para algo to propose sb for sth, to put sb forward for sth;el partido presentará a la señora Cruz para la alcaldía the party is putting Mrs Cruz forward for the office of mayor, Mrs Cruz will be the party's candidate for the office of mayor5. [exhibir por primera vez] [planes, presupuestos] to present;[película] to premiere; [libro, disco] to launch;el club presentó a su último fichaje ante la prensa the club introduced its new signing to the press6. [ofrecer] [disculpas, excusas] to make;[respetos] to pay;nos presentó (sus) disculpas he made his excuses to us7. [tener] [aspecto, características, novedades] to have;este fondo de inversión presenta grandes ventajas this investment fund offers o has big advantages;la playa presenta un aspecto deplorable the beach is in a terrible state;presenta difícil solución it's going to be difficult to solve;el paciente presentaba síntomas de deshidratación the patient presented symptoms of dehydration* * *v/t1 TV present2 a alguien introduce3 producto launch4 solicitud submit* * *presentar vt1) : to present, to show2) : to offer, to give3) : to submit (a document), to launch (a product)4) : to introduce (a person)* * *presentar vb1. (personas) to introducete presento a Iván this is Iván / meet Iván2. (programa, idea, propuesta) to present3. (un producto) to launch -
26 композиция программ
Information technology: program compositionУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > композиция программ
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27 составление
compounding, construction, ( поездов) formation, forming, makeup* * *составле́ние с.1. (документа, графика, плана и т. п.) drawing up2. ( смеси) formulation3. мат. composition, compilationсоставле́ние гра́фика — schedulingсоставле́ние карт — mapping, charting, map compilationсоставле́ние програ́ммы — program(me) preparationсоставле́ние сме́ты — cost estimation, drawing up a cost estimateсоставле́ние табли́ц — tabulation, table compiling* * * -
28 компонування
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29 складання
с2) полігр. composition, typesetting3) ( підручників) compiling; ( планів) planning, working out; ( мапи) mapping; ( проектів) designing, projecting; ( таблиць) tabulationскладання картотеки комп. — filing
складання кошторису — budgeting, cost estimate, cost estimating
складання таблиць — table compiling, tabulation
4) тех. assembling, assemblage, erection -
30 plan
• blue print; budget; chart; composition; contemplation; contrivance; counsel; counselling; design; device; draff; draught; drawing; elevation; graphic; intent; make game of; map; paradigma; plan; plot; program; programme; project; projection; projektovati,planirati,; propos; propose -
31 ramow|y
adj. 1. (w kształcie ramy) frame attr.- antena ramowa a frame aerial2. (ogólny) general- ramowy plan wypracowania an outline of a composition- ramowy program konferencji conference programme in general outlineThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > ramow|y
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32 Отсутствие артиклей в выражениях, используемых после with, without, in, as и at для уточнения свойств основного существительного
We shall be concerned with real $n$-spaceThis program package can be installed without much difficultyThen $D$ becomes a locally convex space with dual space $D'$The set of points with distance 1 from $K$The set of all functions with compact supportThe compact set of all points at distance 1 from $K$An algebra with unit $e$An operator with domain $H^2$A solution with vanishing Cauchy dataA cube with sides parallel to the axes of coordinatesA domain with smooth boundaryAn equation with constant coefficientsA function with compact supportRandom variables with zero expectation (zero mean)Any random variable can be taken as coordinate variable on $X$Here $t$ is interpreted as area and volumeWe show that $G$ is a group with composition as group operationIt is assumed that the matrix $A$ is given in diagonal (triangular, upper (lower) triangular, Hessenberg) formThen $A$ is deformed into $B$ by pushing it at constant speed along the integral curves of $X$$G$ is now viewed as a set, without group structureThe (a) function in coordinate representationThe idea of a vector in real $n$-dimensional spaceThe point $x$ with coordinates $(1,1)$A solution in explicit (implicit, coordinate) formОднако: let $B$ be a Banach space with a weak sympletic form $w$Однако: (the) two random variables with a common distributionОднако: this representation of $A$ is well defined as the integral of $f$ over the domain $D$Then the matrix $A$ has the simple eigenvalue $lambda=1$ with eigenvectors $x=(1,0)$ and $y=(1,-100)$Русско-английский словарь по прикладной математике и механике > Отсутствие артиклей в выражениях, используемых после with, without, in, as и at для уточнения свойств основного существительного
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33 Chronology
15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence ofBrazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.
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