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1 katedrály
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2 Старинные английские соборы
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Старинные английские соборы
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3 observatorio solar
(n.) = solar observatoryEx. In this book, Heilbron investigates the evolution of cathedrals as significant solar observatories.* * *(n.) = solar observatoryEx: In this book, Heilbron investigates the evolution of cathedrals as significant solar observatories.
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4 Lisbon
Lisboa in Portuguese, is the capital of Portugal and capital of the Lisbon district. The city population is just over half a million; greater Lisbon area contains at least 2.5 million. Located on the north bank of one of the greatest harbors in Europe, formed from the estuary of the Tagus River, which flows into the Atlantic, Lisbon has a long and illustrious history. A site of Phoenician and Greek trading communities, Lisbon became an important Roman city. Its name, Lisboa, in Portuguese and Spanish, is a corruption of its Roman name, Felicitas Julia. The city experienced various waves of invaders. Muslims seized it from the Visigoths in the eighth century, and after a long siege Muslim Lisbon fell to the Portuguese Christian forces of King Afonso Henriques in 1147.Lisbon, built on a number of hills, saw most of its major palaces and churches constructed between the 14th and 18th centuries. In the 16th century, the city became the Aviz dynasty's main capital and seat, and a royal palace was built in the lower city along the harbor where ships brought the empire's riches from Africa, Asia, and Brazil. On 1 November 1755, a devastating earthquake wrecked a large part of the main city and destroyed the major buildings, killed or displaced scores of thousands of people, and destroyed important historical records and artifacts. The king's prime minister, the Marquis of Pombal, ordered the city rebuilt. The main lower city center, the baixa ("down town"), was reconstructed according to a master plan that laid out a square grid of streets, spacious squares, and broad avenues, upon which were erected buildings of a uniform height and design. Due to the earthquake's destruction, few buildings, with the exception of the larger cathedrals and palaces, predate 1755. The Baixa Pombalina, as this part of Lisbon is known, was the first planned city in Europe.Lisbon is more than the political capital of Portugal, the site of the central government's offices, the legislative, and executive buildings. Lisbon is the economic, social, and cultural capital of the country, as well as the major educational center that contains almost half the country's universities and secondary schools.The continuing importance of Lisbon as the country's political heart and mind, despite the justifiable resentment of its northern rival, Oporto, and the university town of Coimbra, was again illustrated in the Revolution of 25 April 1974, which began with a military coup by the Armed Forces Movement there. The Estado Novo was overthrown in a largely bloodless coup organized by career junior military officers whose main strategy was directed toward the conquest and control of the capital. Once the Armed Forces Movement had the city of Lisbon and environs under its control by the afternoon of 25 April 1974, its mastery of the remainder of the country was assured.Along with its dominance of the country's economy, politics, and government, Lisbon's cultural offerings remain impressive. The city is a treasure house that contains hundreds of historic houses and squares, churches and cathedrals, ancient palaces, and castles, some reconstructed to appear as they were before the Lisbon earthquake of 1755. There are scores of museums and libraries. Among the more outstanding museums open to the public are the Museu de Arte Antiga and the museums of the Gulbenkian Foundation. -
5 Villard de Honnecourt
[br]b. c. 1200 Honnecourt-sur-Escaut, near Cambrai, Franced. mid-13th century (?) France[br]French architect-engineer.[br]Villard was one of the thirteenth-century architect-engineers who were responsible for the design and construction of the great Gothic cathedrals and other churches of the time. Their responsibilities covered all aspects of the work, including (in the spirit of the Roman architect Vitruvius) the invention and construction of mechanical devices. In their time, these men were highly esteemed and richly rewarded, although few of the inscriptions paying tribute to their achievements have survived. Villard stands out among them because a substantial part of his sketchbook has survived, in the form of thirty-three parchment sheets of drawings and notes, now kept in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. Villard's professional career lasted roughly from 1225 to 1250. As a boy, he went to work on the building of the Cistercian monastery at Vaucelles, not far from Honnecourt, and afterwards he was apprenticed to the masons' lodge at Cambrai Cathedral, where he began copying the drawings and layouts on the tracing-house floor. All his drawings are, therefore, of the plans, elevations and sections of cathedrals. These buildings have long since been destroyed, but his drawings, perhaps among his earliest, bear witness to their architecture. He travelled widely in France and recorded features of the great works at Reims, Laon and Chartres. These include the complex system of passageways built into the fabric of a great cathedral; Villard comments that one of their purposes was "to allow circulation in case of fire".Villard was invited to Hungary and reached there c. 1235. He may have been responsible for the edifice dedicated to St Elizabeth of Hungary, canonized in 1235, at Kassa (now Košice, Slovakia). Villard probably returned to France c. 1240, at least before the Tartar invasion of Hungary in 1241.His sketchbook, which dates to c. 1235, stands as a memorial to Villard's skill as a draughtsman, a student of perspective and a mechanical engineer. He took his sketchbook with him on his travels, and used ideas from it in his work abroad. It contains architectural designs, geometrical constructions for use in building, surveying exercises and drawings for various kinds of mechanical devices, for civil or military use. He was transmitting details from the highly developed French Gothic masons to the relatively underdeveloped eastern countries. The notebooks were annotated for the use of pupils and other master masons, and the notes on geometry were obviously intended for pupils. The prize examples are the pages in the book, clearly Villard's own work, related to mechanical devices. Whilst he, like many others of the period and after, played with designs for perpetual-motion machines, he concentrated on useful devices. These included the first Western representation of a perpetualmotion machine, which at least displays a concern to derive a source of energy: this was a water-powered sawmill, with automatic feed of the timber into the mill. This has been described as the first industrial automatic power-machine to involve two motions, for it not only converts the rotary motion of the water-wheel to the reciprocating motion of the saw, but incorporates a means of keeping the log pressed against the saw. His other designs included water-wheels, watermills, the Archimedean screw and other curious devices.[br]BibliographyOf several facsimile reprints with notes there are Album de Villard de Honnecourt, 1858, ed. J.B.Lassus, Paris (repr. 1968, Paris: Laget), and The Sketchbook of Villard de Honnecourt, 1959, ed. T.Bowie, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Further ReadingJ.Gimpel, 1977, "Villard de Honnecourt: architect and engineer", The Medieval Machine, London: Victor Gollancz, ch. 6, pp. 114–46.——1988, The Medieval Machine, the Industrial Revolution of the Middle Ages, London.R.Pernord, J.Gimpel and R.Delatouche, 1986, Le Moyen age pour quoi fayre, Paris.KM / LRD -
6 Новые английские соборы
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Новые английские соборы
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7 аба-вуа
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8 кафедральный собор в Шартре
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > кафедральный собор в Шартре
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9 молитва за души благодетелей
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > молитва за души благодетелей
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10 соборы Генриха VIII
Religion: Cathedrals of the Old FoundationУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > соборы Генриха VIII
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11 три величественных собора в романском стиле
General subject: the three great Romanesque cathedralsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > три величественных собора в романском стиле
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12 Л-54
ВНОСИТЬ/ВНЕСТИ СВОЮ ЛЕПТУ во что rather elev often humor in contemp. usage VP subj: human to do one's part in a shared effortX внёс свою лепту в Y — X did his bit (for Y)X added (contributed) his mite to Y X contributed his (small) share to Y X made a (his) contribution to Y (in refer, to participation in a discussion etc) X put in his two cents worth.Председатель Голубев сидел сейчас в кабинете и вносил свою лепту в общее большое бумажное дело (Войнович 2). At that very moment Golubev was sitting in his office doing his bit for the great cause of paper work (2a).«Как строители древних соборов, люди разных стран внесут свою лепту в дело созидания новой, лучшей Европы» (Эренбург 4). "Like the builders of the ancient cathedrals, the people of the various countries add their mite to the work of creating a new and a better Europe" (4a).Их уже не встретишь на Невском, тех пионеров... Их раскидало и расшвыряло, и они - выросли. Больше или меньше, но вносят они какой-нибудь службой лепту и в сегодняшний день (Битов 2). You won't encounter them on the Nevsky anymore, those pioneers. They were routed and sent flying— and they grew up. Whether more or less, they contribute their mite by some sort of service to the modern day as well (2a). -
13 внести свою лепту
• ВНОСИТЬ/ВНЕСТИ СВОЮ ЛЕПТУ во что rather elev; often humor in contemp. usage[VP; subj: human]=====⇒ to do one's part in a shared effort:- [in refer, to participation in a discussion etc] X put in his two cents worth.♦ Председатель Голубев сидел сейчас в кабинете и вносил свою лепту в общее большое бумажное дело (Войнович 2). At that very moment Golubev was sitting in his office doing his bit for the great cause of paper work (2a).♦ "Как строители древних соборов, люди разных стран внесут свою лепту в дело созидания новой, лучшей Европы" (Эренбург 4). "Like the builders of the ancient cathedrals, the people of the various countries add their mite to the work of creating a new and a better Europe" (4a).♦ Их уже не встретишь на Невском, тех пионеров... Их раскидало и расшвыряло, и они - выросли. Больше или меньше, но вносят они какой-нибудь службой лепту и в сегодняшний день (Битов 2). You won't encounter them on the Nevsky anymore, those pioneers. They were routed and sent flying - and they grew up. Whether more or less, they contribute their mite by some sort of service to the modern day as well (2a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > внести свою лепту
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14 вносить свою лепту
• ВНОСИТЬ/ВНЕСТИ СВОЮ ЛЕПТУ во что rather elev; often humor in contemp. usage[VP; subj: human]=====⇒ to do one's part in a shared effort:- [in refer, to participation in a discussion etc] X put in his two cents worth.♦ Председатель Голубев сидел сейчас в кабинете и вносил свою лепту в общее большое бумажное дело (Войнович 2). At that very moment Golubev was sitting in his office doing his bit for the great cause of paper work (2a).♦ "Как строители древних соборов, люди разных стран внесут свою лепту в дело созидания новой, лучшей Европы" (Эренбург 4). "Like the builders of the ancient cathedrals, the people of the various countries add their mite to the work of creating a new and a better Europe" (4a).♦ Их уже не встретишь на Невском, тех пионеров... Их раскидало и расшвыряло, и они - выросли. Больше или меньше, но вносят они какой-нибудь службой лепту и в сегодняшний день (Битов 2). You won't encounter them on the Nevsky anymore, those pioneers. They were routed and sent flying - and they grew up. Whether more or less, they contribute their mite by some sort of service to the modern day as well (2a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > вносить свою лепту
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15 łuk
m (G łuku) 1. (broń) bow- strzelać z łuku (do kogoś/czegoś) to shoot with a bow and arrow (at sb/sth)- napiąć łuk to draw a bow2. (kształt) arc; (zakręt) curve- łuk tęczy a rainbow, a rainbow arch- delikatne łuki jej brwi książk. the delicate arches of her eyebrows- na łuku drogi on the curve of the road- wygiąć grzbiet w łuk to arch one’s/its back- droga biegnie łukiem a. zatacza łuk the road curves- droga odchodzi łukiem w prawo/lewo the road swings to the right/left- droga omija łukiem centrum miasteczka the road skirts around a. bypasses the town centre- zatoczyć łuk ręką to make a sweeping gesture- samochód zatoczył szeroki łuk the car made a gentle curve3. Archit. arch- strzeliste łuki gotyckich katedr the soaring arches of gothic cathedrals4. Mat. arc 5. Anat. arch- łuk kostny a bony arch- łuk brwiowy a superciliary arch- kontuzja łuku brwiowego Sport a cut over the eye- łuk jarzmowy zygoma6. Muz. slur 7. Sport arc of the turn- □ łuk elektryczny Elektr. arc- łuk nocny Astron. nocturnal arc- łuk triumfalny Archit. triumphal arch■ omijać kogoś/coś szerokim łukiem (trzymać się z daleka) to give sb/sth a wide berth* * ** * *mi1. (= krzywizna) curve, arc, arch; łuk brwiowy eyebrow ridge; łuk elektryczny el. electric arc; zatoczyć łuk curve; obejść łukiem circumvent, bypass, go around; wygiąć się w łuk arch, bow.4. mat. arc.5. muz. tie, ligature.6. narty turn.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > łuk
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16 GLER
* * *n.1) glass;háll sem gler, slippery as glass;bresta í gleri, to break into shivers;2) looking-glass.* * *n. [A. S. glæs; Engl. glass; Germ. glass; early Dan. glar; the mod. Dan. and Swed. glas seem to be borrowed from Germ.; Icel. distinguish between gler ( glass) and glas ( a small glass bottle); but s seems to be the original consonant, and the word is akin to Glasir, glys, glæsa, q. v.]:—the word originally meant amber, ‘succinum’ quod ipsi (viz. the Germans) glaesum vocant, Tacit. Germ. ch. 45; glass beads for ornament are of early use; quantities are found in the great deposits (in cairns and fens) of the earliest Iron Age, but only in a single instance in a deposit of the Brass Age (which ends about the beginning of our era), vide Ann. for Nord. Oldk. 1868, p. 118; and such is the sense of the word in the three places that it occurs in old heathen poems: magical Runes were written on glass, Sdm. 17: metaph., nú er grjót þat at gleri orðit, now those stones are turned into gler, of an altar ‘glassed’ with sacrificial blood, Hdl, 5; cp. also the curious reading, bresta í gleri, to be shivered, to break into shivers, Hým. 29,—the reading of Kb., ‘í tvau,’ is a gloss on the obsolete phrase:— glæs also occurs twice or thrice in A. S. poetry, but not in the oldest, as Beowulf, vide Grein. For window-panes glass is of much later date, and came into use with the building of cathedrals: a Danish cathedral with glass panes is mentioned in Knytl. S. ch. 58 (year 1085); in Icel. the first panes brought into the country were probably those presented by bishop Paul to the cathedral at Skalholt in the year 1195; the ancient halls and dwellings had no windows in the walls, but were lighted by louvres and by round openings (gluggr) in the roof, covered with the caul (of a new-born calf, called skjall or líkna-belgr) stretched on a frame or a hoop and called skjár: these are still used in Icel. farms; and Icel. distinguish between the round small caul windows (skjár or skjá-gluggar) and glass windows (gler-gluggar):—háll sem gler, slippery as glass, of ice, Nj. 144: in eccl. and later writings, Hom. 127, Sks. 424, Vm. 21, Fas. iii. 393: in the saying, sjaldan brýtr gæfu-maðr gler.COMPDS: gleraugu, glergluggr, glerhallr, glerhálka, glerhiminn, glerkaleikr, glerker, glerlampr, glerpottr, glersteinar, glertölur, Glerá. -
17 Krist-kirkja
u, f. Christ Church, seems to have been a general name for cathedrals; a Kristkirkja is mentioned in Bergen, Drontheim, Borgund (Norway), Fb. iii, Boldt. -
18 questo
1. adj this, pl thesequest'oggi today2. pron this (one), pl these (ones)questo qui this one herecon questo with thatper questo for that reasonquest'oggi todayquesta poi! well I'm blowed!ci mancherebbe anche questa! that's all we'd need!questa non me l'aspettavo I wasn't expecting this* * *questo agg.dimostr.1 this; pl. these: questo ragazzo, this boy; queste ragazze, these girls; è nuova questa macchina?, is this car new?; questi fiori sono per lei, these flowers are for you; passate da questa parte, come this way; questa storia deve finire, this business has got to end; questo mio amico, this friend of mine; dove mettiamo quest'altro quadro?, where shall we put this other picture? // in, a questo modo, this way, so // l'ho visto con questi occhi, I saw it with my own eyes // quest'ultimo → ultimo2 ( riferito a tempo passato) last; this: le vicende di questi venti anni, the events of the last twenty years; questa notte ha nevicato, it snowed last night (o in the night); l'ho visto questa mattina, I saw him this morning3 ( riferito a tempo presente o futuro) this: non l'ho ancora visto questa mattina, I haven't seen him this morning yet; ha telefonato già due volte questa settimana, he's already phoned twice this week; ci vediamo uno di questi giorni, we'll see each other one of these days; vanno in montagna questo fine settimana, they are going to the mountains this weekend; dove passerete le ferie quest'estate?, where are you going for your holidays this summer?4 ( in espressioni ellittiche): questa è bella!, that's a good one!; questa non me l'aspettavo!, I didn't expect this!; sentite questa!, listen to this!◆ pron.dimostr.1 this (one); pl. these: questo è il mio ufficio, this is my office; il mio posto è questo ( qui), this is my place; questa dev'essere la loro casa, this must be their house; le pratiche non sono in quel cassetto, sono in questo ( qui), the papers aren't in that drawer, they're in this one; queste sono le persone di cui ti avevo parlato, these are the people I told you about; sono questi i tuoi amici?, are these you friends?; potrei vedere qualche altra cravatta? Non mi piace nessuna di queste, Could I see some other ties? I don't like any of these; ''Quale abito scegli?'' ''Scelgo questo'', ''Which dress are you going to have?'' ''I'll have this one'' // lo va dicendo a questo e a quello, she goes around telling everybody2 ( con valore di egli) he; ( ella) she; ( essi, esse) they: l'hanno richiamato più volte, ma questo non vuole sentir ragioni, he's been reprimanded several times, but he won't listen to reason; allora mi sono rivolto ai vigili, e questi hanno provveduto, so I went to the police and they dealt with it3 ( con valore di ciò) that, this: ti ha detto proprio questo?, is that (exactly) what he said to you?; questo è quanto mi ha riferito, that's what he told me; in questo non siamo d'accordo, we don't see eye to eye on this; tutto questo è sbagliato, this is all wrong; per questo ho rifiutato, that's why I refused; lo rielessero, e questo fu un errore, they re-elected him. This was a mistake // questo e altro, all this, and more // questo mai e poi mai!, not on your life! // o questo poi!, go on! // parlare di questo e di quello, to talk about this and that (o about this, that and the other) // questo è quanto!, that's all! // e con questo ti saluto, and with that I leave you // guadagna 2.000 euro al mese, ma, con tutto questo, i soldi gli bastano, he earns 2,000 euros a month, but he never has enough money even so // ho fatto un errore, e con questo?, e per questo?, I've made a mistake. So what?4 quello... questo, ( per indicare il primo e il secondo di cose o persone già menzionate) the former... the latter: John e Charles sono amici; quello è inglese, questo è americano, John and Charles are friends; the former is English, the latter (is) American; sono due famose cattedrali; quella è gotica, questa è romanica, they are two famous cathedrals; the former is Gothic, the latter (is) Romanesque.* * *['kwesto] questo (-a)1. agg dimostr1) this, these plti piace questo maglione? — do you like this jumper?
2)2. pron dimostr1) this (one), these (ones) plquesto è troppo! — this is too much o the limit!
una tale occasione, e questi che fanno? - rifiutano — such a great opportunity, and what do they do? - they refuse
3)questo... quello... — (il primo... il secondo...) the former... the latter..., (l'uno... l'altro...) the one... the other...
questi... quelli — some... others
questi gridavano, quelli ridevano — some were shouting, others were laughing
preferisci questo o quello? — do you prefer this one or that one?
4)e con questo? — so what?e con questo se n'è andato — and with that he left
questo — in spite of this, despite all thisè per questo che sono venuto — this is why I came
questo sì che è il colmo! — this is the limit!
* * *['kwesto] 1.1) this, pl. these- a casa — this house
- a sera — this evening, tonight
- a notte — (scorsa) last night; (a venire) tonight
2) (tale, simile)2.1) this (one), pl. these (ones)che cos'è, chi è questo? — what's, who's this?
3) (ciò) thisvorrei dirti questo... — this is what I wanted to tell you...
detto questo,... — having said that o that said,...
* * *questo\I agg.dimostr.1 this, pl. these; questo libro this book; - a casa this house; - i ragazzi e -e ragazze these boys and girls; quest'anno this year; - a mattina this morning; - a sera this evening, tonight; - a notte (scorsa) last night; (a venire) tonight; quest'oggi today; uno di -i giorni one of these days; questo lunedì this (coming) Monday; in -i giorni è piovuto molto it's been raining a lot these days2 (tale, simile) è meglio non uscire con questo freddo it's better not to go out in this cold3 (seguito da possessivo) questo tuo amico this friend of yours4 (con valore enfatico) l'ho visto con -i occhi! I've seen it with my own eyes!II pron.dimostr.1 this (one), pl. these (ones); che cos'è, chi è questo? what's, who's this? vuoi questo o quello? do you want this one or that one?2 (seguito da aggettivo qualificativo) quale vuoi? questo verde? which do you want? this green one?3 (ciò) this; questo è molto strano this is very strange; vorrei dirti questo... this is what I wanted to tell you...; detto questo,... having said that o that said,...; con questo concludo by saying this I conclude; e con questo? so what? questo è tutto that's all; in questo hai ragione in that way you're right; questo mai! never! questo sì che è un pensiero profondo! how profound! questo no! no way! absolutely not! per questo for this (reason); è per questo che è partito that's why he left4 (in espressioni ellittiche) -a è bella! that's a good one! I like that! ci mancava anche -a! that's all we needed! that's done it! senti -a! get this!\See also notes... (questo.pdf) -
19 kated|ra
f 1. Archit., Relig. cathedral- katedra pod wezwaniem świętego Jana St. John’s Cathedral- katedra w Canterbury Canterbury Cathedral- gotyckie katedry gothic cathedrals2. Uniw. department; (stanowisko) chair- katedra kartografii the cartography department- objął katedrę fizyki teoretycznej he took the chair of theoretical physics3. Szkol., Uniw. (stół) teacher’s desk, lecturer’s bench; (pulpit) lectern; (podium) podium- wejść na katedrę to step up to the lectern- mówić do kogoś jak z katedry to talk down to sbThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > kated|ra
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20 Notre Dame de Paris
the cathedral of Paris, one of the finest mediaeval gothic cathedrals in the world, located on the Ile de la Cité, in the heart of Paris. See Paris tourist attractions.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Notre Dame de Paris
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