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1 cathedrals
СоборыБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > cathedrals
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2 cathedrals
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3 cathedrals
nტაძრები -
4 Cathedrals of the Old Foundation
Религия: соборы Генриха VIII, (The ancient cathedrals that existed in England before Henry VIII founded and endowed new cathedrals) Старинные английские соборыУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Cathedrals of the Old Foundation
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5 Cathedrals of the Old Foundation (The ancient cathedrals that existed in England before Henry VIII founded and endowed new cathedrals)
Религия: Старинные английские соборыУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Cathedrals of the Old Foundation (The ancient cathedrals that existed in England before Henry VIII founded and endowed new cathedrals)
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6 Cathedrals of the New Foundation (Chester, Gloucester, Peterborough, Bristol and Oxford)
Религия: Новые английские соборыУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Cathedrals of the New Foundation (Chester, Gloucester, Peterborough, Bristol and Oxford)
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7 Cathedrals of the New Foundation
Религия: (Chester, Gloucester, Peterborough, Bristol and Oxford) Новые английские соборыУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Cathedrals of the New Foundation
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8 Cathedrals Express
[kə'θiːdrəlzɪks,pres]ист."Кати́дралз экспре́сс", "Собо́рный экспре́сс" (железнодорожный экспресс, соединяющий города, имеющие соборы: Лондон, Оксфорд, Вустер, Херефорд)English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Cathedrals Express
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9 Chartres cathedral (One of the famous early Gothic cathedrals; present church mainly built after 1194)
Религия: кафедральный собор в ШартреУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Chartres cathedral (One of the famous early Gothic cathedrals; present church mainly built after 1194)
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10 abat-voix (In Gothic cathedrals, ceiling over bishop's official throne)
Религия: аба-вуаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > abat-voix (In Gothic cathedrals, ceiling over bishop's official throne)
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11 bidding prayer (A prayer for the souls of the benefactors said before the sermon, in cathedrals, university churches, and on special occasions)
Религия: молитва за души благодетелейУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > bidding prayer (A prayer for the souls of the benefactors said before the sermon, in cathedrals, university churches, and on special occasions)
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12 the three great Romanesque cathedrals
Общая лексика: три величественных собора в романском стилеУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > the three great Romanesque cathedrals
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13 (the) builders of cathedrals
English-Russian combinatory dictionary > (the) builders of cathedrals
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14 Lisbon
Lisboa in Portuguese, is the capital of Portugal and capital of the Lisbon district. The city population is just over half a million; greater Lisbon area contains at least 2.5 million. Located on the north bank of one of the greatest harbors in Europe, formed from the estuary of the Tagus River, which flows into the Atlantic, Lisbon has a long and illustrious history. A site of Phoenician and Greek trading communities, Lisbon became an important Roman city. Its name, Lisboa, in Portuguese and Spanish, is a corruption of its Roman name, Felicitas Julia. The city experienced various waves of invaders. Muslims seized it from the Visigoths in the eighth century, and after a long siege Muslim Lisbon fell to the Portuguese Christian forces of King Afonso Henriques in 1147.Lisbon, built on a number of hills, saw most of its major palaces and churches constructed between the 14th and 18th centuries. In the 16th century, the city became the Aviz dynasty's main capital and seat, and a royal palace was built in the lower city along the harbor where ships brought the empire's riches from Africa, Asia, and Brazil. On 1 November 1755, a devastating earthquake wrecked a large part of the main city and destroyed the major buildings, killed or displaced scores of thousands of people, and destroyed important historical records and artifacts. The king's prime minister, the Marquis of Pombal, ordered the city rebuilt. The main lower city center, the baixa ("down town"), was reconstructed according to a master plan that laid out a square grid of streets, spacious squares, and broad avenues, upon which were erected buildings of a uniform height and design. Due to the earthquake's destruction, few buildings, with the exception of the larger cathedrals and palaces, predate 1755. The Baixa Pombalina, as this part of Lisbon is known, was the first planned city in Europe.Lisbon is more than the political capital of Portugal, the site of the central government's offices, the legislative, and executive buildings. Lisbon is the economic, social, and cultural capital of the country, as well as the major educational center that contains almost half the country's universities and secondary schools.The continuing importance of Lisbon as the country's political heart and mind, despite the justifiable resentment of its northern rival, Oporto, and the university town of Coimbra, was again illustrated in the Revolution of 25 April 1974, which began with a military coup by the Armed Forces Movement there. The Estado Novo was overthrown in a largely bloodless coup organized by career junior military officers whose main strategy was directed toward the conquest and control of the capital. Once the Armed Forces Movement had the city of Lisbon and environs under its control by the afternoon of 25 April 1974, its mastery of the remainder of the country was assured.Along with its dominance of the country's economy, politics, and government, Lisbon's cultural offerings remain impressive. The city is a treasure house that contains hundreds of historic houses and squares, churches and cathedrals, ancient palaces, and castles, some reconstructed to appear as they were before the Lisbon earthquake of 1755. There are scores of museums and libraries. Among the more outstanding museums open to the public are the Museu de Arte Antiga and the museums of the Gulbenkian Foundation. -
15 Villard de Honnecourt
[br]b. c. 1200 Honnecourt-sur-Escaut, near Cambrai, Franced. mid-13th century (?) France[br]French architect-engineer.[br]Villard was one of the thirteenth-century architect-engineers who were responsible for the design and construction of the great Gothic cathedrals and other churches of the time. Their responsibilities covered all aspects of the work, including (in the spirit of the Roman architect Vitruvius) the invention and construction of mechanical devices. In their time, these men were highly esteemed and richly rewarded, although few of the inscriptions paying tribute to their achievements have survived. Villard stands out among them because a substantial part of his sketchbook has survived, in the form of thirty-three parchment sheets of drawings and notes, now kept in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. Villard's professional career lasted roughly from 1225 to 1250. As a boy, he went to work on the building of the Cistercian monastery at Vaucelles, not far from Honnecourt, and afterwards he was apprenticed to the masons' lodge at Cambrai Cathedral, where he began copying the drawings and layouts on the tracing-house floor. All his drawings are, therefore, of the plans, elevations and sections of cathedrals. These buildings have long since been destroyed, but his drawings, perhaps among his earliest, bear witness to their architecture. He travelled widely in France and recorded features of the great works at Reims, Laon and Chartres. These include the complex system of passageways built into the fabric of a great cathedral; Villard comments that one of their purposes was "to allow circulation in case of fire".Villard was invited to Hungary and reached there c. 1235. He may have been responsible for the edifice dedicated to St Elizabeth of Hungary, canonized in 1235, at Kassa (now Košice, Slovakia). Villard probably returned to France c. 1240, at least before the Tartar invasion of Hungary in 1241.His sketchbook, which dates to c. 1235, stands as a memorial to Villard's skill as a draughtsman, a student of perspective and a mechanical engineer. He took his sketchbook with him on his travels, and used ideas from it in his work abroad. It contains architectural designs, geometrical constructions for use in building, surveying exercises and drawings for various kinds of mechanical devices, for civil or military use. He was transmitting details from the highly developed French Gothic masons to the relatively underdeveloped eastern countries. The notebooks were annotated for the use of pupils and other master masons, and the notes on geometry were obviously intended for pupils. The prize examples are the pages in the book, clearly Villard's own work, related to mechanical devices. Whilst he, like many others of the period and after, played with designs for perpetual-motion machines, he concentrated on useful devices. These included the first Western representation of a perpetualmotion machine, which at least displays a concern to derive a source of energy: this was a water-powered sawmill, with automatic feed of the timber into the mill. This has been described as the first industrial automatic power-machine to involve two motions, for it not only converts the rotary motion of the water-wheel to the reciprocating motion of the saw, but incorporates a means of keeping the log pressed against the saw. His other designs included water-wheels, watermills, the Archimedean screw and other curious devices.[br]BibliographyOf several facsimile reprints with notes there are Album de Villard de Honnecourt, 1858, ed. J.B.Lassus, Paris (repr. 1968, Paris: Laget), and The Sketchbook of Villard de Honnecourt, 1959, ed. T.Bowie, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Further ReadingJ.Gimpel, 1977, "Villard de Honnecourt: architect and engineer", The Medieval Machine, London: Victor Gollancz, ch. 6, pp. 114–46.——1988, The Medieval Machine, the Industrial Revolution of the Middle Ages, London.R.Pernord, J.Gimpel and R.Delatouche, 1986, Le Moyen age pour quoi fayre, Paris.KM / LRD -
16 Romanesque
ˌrəuməˈnesk
1. прил.;
арх. романский( о стиле) ;
построенный в романском стиле
2. сущ.
1) романские языки
2) арх. романский стиль(архитектура) романский стиль романский - the later * period поздний романский период провансальский (архитектура) романский (о стиле) - the three great * cathedrals три величественных собора в романском стиле (редкое) романтический( о воображении и т. п.)Romanesque архит. романский (о стиле) ~ романский стильБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > Romanesque
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17 builder
ˈbɪldə сущ.
1) строитель the builders of cathedrals ≈ строители соборов Syn: constructor
2) подрядчик Syn: contractor
3) плотник;
каменщик строитель строительный рабочий;
плотник;
каменщик подрядчик builder вчт. компоновщик ~ плотник;
каменщик ~ подрядчик ~ вчт. построитель ~ строитель ~ строительный рабочий master ~ главный подрядчик program ~ вчт. разработчик программы system ~ вчт. системный компоновщик -
18 romanesque
1. [͵rəʋməʹnesk] n архит. 2. [͵rəʋməʹnesk] a1. 1) романский2) провансальский3) архит. романский ( о стиле)the three great Romanesque cathedrals - три величественных собора в романском стиле
2. редк. романтический (о воображении и т. п.) -
19 abat-voix
1) Религия: потолок над кафедрой в готическом соборе, (In Gothic cathedrals, ceiling over bishop's official throne) аба-вуа2) Физика: акустический экран -
20 bidding prayer
['bɪdɪŋˌpreə]1) Общая лексика: приглашение к молитве (на официальных церемониях)2) Религия: (A prayer for the souls of the benefactors said before the sermon, in cathedrals, university churches, and on special occasions) молитва за души благодетелей
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